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Share-based Payments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Share-Based Payments
SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS
The Mosaic Company 2004 Omnibus Stock and Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”) which was approved by our shareholders and became effective October 20, 2004 and subsequently amended, provides for the grant of shares and share options to employees for up to 25 million shares of common stock. Following the effectiveness of The Mosaic Company 2014 Stock and Incentive Plan (the "2014 Stock and Incentive Plan") as described below, no additional awards were granted under the Omnibus Plan, but the Omnibus Plan will remain in effect with respect to the awards that had previously been granted thereunder.
The Mosaic Company 2014 Stock and Incentive Plan (the "2014 Stock and Incentive Plan") was approved by our shareholders and became effective on May 15, 2014 and permits the grant of stock and stock options to employees for up to 25 million shares of common stock. The 2014 Stock and Incentive Plan provides for grants of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and a variety of other share-based and non-share-based awards. Our employees, officers, directors, consultants, agents, advisors, and independent contractors, as well as other designated individuals, are eligible to participate in the 2014 Stock and Incentive Plan.
Mosaic settles stock option exercises, restricted stock units and performance units with newly issued common shares. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the 2014 Stock and Incentive Plan and the Omnibus Plan subject to their respective provisions and applicable law.
Stock Options
Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of our stock at the date of grant and have a ten-year contractual term. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Stock options vest in equal annual installments in the first three years following the date of grant (graded vesting). Stock options are expensed on a straight-line basis over the required service period, based on the estimated fair value of the award on the date of grant, net of estimated forfeitures.
Valuation Assumptions
Assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock options in each period are noted in the following table. Expected volatility is based on the simple average of implied and historical volatility using the daily closing prices of the Company’s stock for a period equal to the expected term of the option. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate at the time of the grant for instruments of comparable life.
 
Year Ended 
 December 31,
 
Seven Months Ended December 31,
 
Years Ended May 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2013
 
2012
Weighted average assumptions used in option valuations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected volatility
42.40
%
 
43.87
%
 
47.70
%
 
51.80
%
Expected dividend yield
2.01
%
 
1.85
%
 
1.74
%
 
0.28
%
Expected term (in years)
7

 
7

 
7

 
5

Risk-free interest rate
2.31
%
 
1.99
%
 
0.92
%
 
1.46
%

A summary of the status of our stock options as of December 31, 2014, and activity during the calendar year 2014, is as follows:
 
Shares
(in millions)
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2013
2.6

 
$
44.82

 
5.0
 
$
28.0

Granted
0.2

 
$
49.73

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(0.4
)
 
$
18.91

 
 
 
 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2014
2.4

 
$
48.88

 
4.8
 
$
16.0

Exercisable as of December 31, 2014
2.0

 
$
48.16

 
4.0
 
$
16.0


The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during calendar 2014 was $18.79, $20.87 during the seven months ended December 31, 2013, and $22.71 and $30.96 during fiscal 2013 and 2012, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during calendar 2014 was $9.4 million, during the seven months ended December 31, 2013 was $1.3 million and during fiscal 2013 and 2012 was $6.8 million and $5.5 million, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock units are issued to various employees, officers and directors at a price equal to the market price of our stock at the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock units is equal to the market price of our stock at the date of grant. Restricted stock units generally cliff vest after three years of continuous service and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the required service period, based on the estimated grant date fair value, net of estimated forfeitures.
A summary of the status of our restricted stock units as of December 31, 2014, and activity during calendar 2014, is as follows:
 
Shares
(in millions)
 
Weighted
Average
Grant
Date Fair
Value Per
Share
Restricted stock units as of December 31, 2013
0.8

 
$
57.50

Granted
0.6

 
48.72

Issued and cancelled
(0.4
)
 
55.51

Restricted stock units as of December 31, 2014
1.0

 
$
53.12


Performance Units
During the year ended December 31, 2014, approximately 100,000 performance units were granted with a weighted average grant date fair value of $61.11. Final performance units are awarded based on the increase or decrease, subject to certain limitations, in Mosaic’s share price from the grant date to the third anniversary of the award, plus dividends. The beginning and ending stock prices are based on a 30 trading-day average stock price. Holders of the awards must be employed at the end of the performance period in order for any shares to vest, except in the event of death, disability or retirement at or after age 60, certain changes in control, and Committee or Board discretion as provided in the related award agreements.
The fair value of each performance unit is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. This valuation methodology utilizes assumptions consistent with those of our other share-based awards and a range of ending stock prices; however, the expected term of the awards is three years, which impacts the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of performance units as shown in the table below. Performance units are considered equity-classified fixed awards measured at grant-date fair value and not subsequently re-measured. Performance units cliff vest after three years of continuous service. Performance units are expensed on a straight-line basis over the required service period, based on the estimated grant date fair value of the award net of estimated forfeitures.
A summary of the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of performance units is as follows:
 
Year Ended 
 December 31,
 
Seven Months Ended December 31,
 
Years Ended May 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2013
 
2012
Weighted average assumptions used in performance unit valuations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected volatility
30.39
%
 
32.78
%
 
38.05
%
 
54.72
%
Expected dividend yield
2.08
%
 
1.85
%
 
1.74
%
 
0.28
%
Expected term (in years)
3

 
3

 
3

 
3

Risk-free interest rate
0.77
%
 
0.61
%
 
0.31
%
 
0.69
%

A summary of our performance unit activity during calendar 2014 is as follows:
 
Shares
(in  millions)
 
Weighted
Average
Grant
Date Fair
Value Per
Share
Outstanding as of December 31, 2013
0.4

 
$
69.64

Granted
0.1

 
61.11

Outstanding as of December 31, 2014
0.5

 
$
64.31


We recorded share-based compensation expense of $57.2 million for calendar 2014, $25.1 million for the seven months ended December 31, 2013, $32.2 million for fiscal 2013 and $25.2 million for fiscal 2012. The tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense was $19.8 million for calendar 2014, $8.4 million for the seven months ended December 31, 2013, $11.4 million for fiscal 2013 and $8.7 million for fiscal 2012.
As of December 31, 2014, there was $31.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to options, restricted stock units and performance units granted under the 2014 Stock and Incentive Plan and the Omnibus Plan. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1 year. The total fair value of options vested in calendar 2014, the seven months ended December 31, 2013 and fiscal 2013 and 2012 was $5.5 million, $7.1 million, $9.5 million and $10.2 million, respectively.
Cash received from exercises of all share-based payment arrangements for calendar 2014, the seven months ended December 31, 2013, fiscal 2013 and 2012 was $6.7 million, $1.1 million, $6.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively. In calendar 2014, the seven months ended December 31, 2013, fiscal 2013 and 2012 we received a tax benefit for tax deductions from options of $10.2 million, $4.4 million, $6.4 million, and $3.7 million, respectively.