EXHIBIT 21.1

Subsidiaries of Affirmative Insurance Holdings, Inc.

Affirmative Management Services, Inc. (Texas)

•   Affirmative Services, Inc. (Texas)

•   Affirmative Services Retail, Inc. (Texas)

•   Affirmative Property Holdings, Inc. (Texas)

Affirmative Underwriting Services, Inc. (Texas)

•   American Agencies General Agency, Inc. (Texas)

•   American Agencies Investments, Inc. (Delaware)

•   A-Affordable Managing General Agency, Inc. (Texas)

•   Affirmative Insurance Services of South Carolina, Inc. (South Carolina)

•   American Agencies Insurance Services of Louisiana, Inc. (Louisiana)

•   Affirmative Insurance Services, Inc. (Illinois)

Affirmative Retail, Inc. (Texas)

•   A-Affordable Insurance Agency, Inc. (Texas)

•   Driver’s Choice Insurance Agencies, Inc. (South Carolina)

•   InsureOne Independent Insurance Agency, LLC (Illinois)

•   Yellow Key Insurance Agency, Inc. (Illinois)

•   Driver’s Choice Insurance Services, LLC (South Carolina)

•   Instant Auto Insurance Agency of Arizona, Inc. (Arizona)

•   Instant Auto Insurance Agency of Colorado, Inc. (Colorado)

•   Instant Auto Insurance Agency of Indiana, Inc. (Indiana)

•   Instant Auto Insurance Agency of New Mexico, Inc. (New Mexico)

•   Fed USA Retail, Inc. (Florida)

Affirmative Insurance Group, Inc. (Texas)

•   Affirmative Insurance Company (Illinois)

•   Insura Property & Casualty Insurance Company (Illinois)

Affirmative Franchises, Inc. (Texas)

•   A-Affordable Locations, Inc. (Texas)

•   Fed USA Franchising, Inc. (Florida)

Affirmative Alternative Distribution, Inc. (Texas)

Space Coast Holdings, Inc. (Delaware) (72.98% owned by Affirmative Insurance Holdings, Inc.)

•   Harbor Insurance Managers of Pennsylvania, Inc. (Pennsylvania)

•   Space Coast Underwriters Insurance Agency, Inc. (Florida)

•   Harbor Insurance Managers of Virginia, Inc. (Virginia)

Affirmative Insurance Holdings Statutory Trust I (Delaware)