POWER OF ATTORNEY

	For Executing Forms 3, 4 and 5

Know all by these present, that the undersigned hereby constitutes
and appoints each Gifford R. Zimmerman, Larry W. Martin,
Kevin J. McCarthy, Mary E. Keefe, Christopher M. Rohrbacher and
Demark L. Winget, his/her true and lawful attorney-in-fact to:

(1)		execute for and on behalf of the undersigned
Forms 3, 4 and 5 (and any amendments thereto) in connection
with the Nuveen Investments Closed-End Exchange Traded Funds
and in accordance with the requirements of Section 16(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(f) of the
Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules thereunder;

(2)		do and perform any and all acts for and on
behalf of the undersigned which may be necessary or desirable
in connection with the execution and timely filing of any such
Form 3, 4 and 5 (and any amendment thereto) with the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission, the
New York Stock Exchange and any other authority; and

(3)		take any other action of any type whatsoever
in connection with the foregoing which, in the opinion of
such attorney-in-fact, may be of benefit to, in the best
interest of, or legally required by, the undersigned, it
being understood that the documents executed by such
attorney-in-fact on behalf of the undersigned pursuant to
this Power of Attorney shall be in such form and shall
contain such terms and conditions as such attorney-in-fact
may approve in his/her discretion.

The undersigned hereby grants to each such attorney-in-fact
full power and authority to do and perform each and every
act and thing whatsoever requisite, necessary and proper
to be done in the exercise of any of the rights and powers
herein granted, as fully to all intents and purposes as
such attorney-in-fact might or could do if personally
present, with the full power of substitute, by virtue of
this power of attorney and the rights and powers herein
granted.  The undersigned acknowledges that the foregoing
attorneys-in-fact, in serving in such capacity at the
request of the undersigned, are not assuming any of the
undersigned's responsibilities to comply with Section 16
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(f)
of the Investment Company Act of 1940.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this
Power of Attorney to be executed as of this _23rd_ day
of _February_ 2009__.


/s/ Cathryn P. Steeves
Signature

Cathryn P. Steeves
Print Name

STATE OF Illinois	)
			)
COUNTY OF Cook		)


On this _23rd_ day of _February_ 2009_, personally appeared
before me, a Notary Public in and for said County and State,
the person named above who is known to me to be the person
whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing
Power of Attorney and who acknowledged the same to be his
voluntary act and deed for the intent and purposes
therein set forth.



____/s/ Mary Catherine Finneran_____
Notary Public
My Commission Expires:  02/06/10