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Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense The following summarizes the components of income tax expense:
  
Years ended December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands)
2018

2017

2016

Current taxes:
 
 
 
U.S. Federal
$
(1,088
)
$
2,565

$
4,808

U.S. State and local
1,182

(144
)
1,670

International
306

101

53

Total current taxes
400

2,522

6,531

Deferred taxes:
 
 
 
U.S. Federal
659

(17,128
)
4,782

U.S. State and local
45

398

304

International
(1,323
)
(1,084
)
329

Total deferred taxes
(619
)
(17,814
)
5,415

Total income tax provision
$
(219
)
$
(15,292
)
$
11,946
Schedule of Income Before Provision for Income Taxes The following summarizes the components of income before provision for income taxes:
  
Years ended December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands)
2018

2017

2016

U.S.
$
47,532

$
58,547

$
55,381

International
(2,910
)
(206
)
1,969

Income before provision for income taxes
$
44,622

$
58,341

$
57,350
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation A reconciliation between the effect of applying the federal statutory rate and the effective income tax rate used to calculate our income tax provision is as follows:
  
Years ended December 31,
 
  
2018

2017

2016

Federal statutory rate
21.0
 %
35.0
 %
35.0
 %
Effect of:
 
 
 
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
4.1

1.8

4.2

Change in federal income tax rate applied to deferred tax balances
—

(43.1
)
—

Change in state income tax rate applied to deferred tax balances
(0.4
)
—

0.2

Unrecognized tax benefit
(2.6
)
1.5

0.1

State credits, net of federal benefit
(1.9
)
(1.4
)
(0.1
)
Change in valuation reserve (primarily state credit reserves)
0.4

(1.0
)
(1.4
)
Federal credits generated
(10.4
)
(5.8
)
(5.5
)
Foreign tax rate
0.2

0.2

(0.4
)
Acquisition costs
—

2.2

0.1

Section 162(m) limitation
4.2

2.5

1.5

Domestic production activities deduction
—

—

(1.1
)
Stock-based compensation
(17.4
)
(18.9
)
(12.1
)
FDII benefit
(0.7
)
—

—

Nondeductible meals, entertainment, and transportation
2.6

0.8

0.9

Other
0.4

—

(0.6
)
Income tax provision effective rate
(0.5
)%
(26.2
)%
20.8
 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities The significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
  
December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands)
2018

2017

Deferred tax assets relating to:
 
 
Federal and state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards
$
11,021

$
13,597

Federal, state and foreign tax credits
18,936

14,389

Intangible assets
1,041

693

Stock-based compensation
11,462

9,611

Accrued bonuses
973

1,001

Deferred revenue
854

505

Allowance for doubtful accounts
1,242

1,379

Other
5,607

4,770

Total deferred tax assets
51,136

45,945

Deferred tax liabilities relating to:
 
 
Intangible assets
(43,700
)
(47,997
)
Fixed assets
(4,444
)
(4,552
)
Costs of obtaining contracts
(19,573
)
(18,756
)
Capitalized software development costs
(19,469
)
(14,012
)
Other
(926
)
(995
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(88,112
)
(86,312
)
Valuation allowance
(6,855
)
(7,205
)
Net deferred tax liability
$
(43,831
)
$
(47,572
)
Summary of Changes in Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance The following table illustrates the change in our deferred tax asset valuation allowance: 
Years ended December 31,
Balance
at beginning
of year

Acquisition-
related
change

Charges to
expense

Balance at
end of
year

(dollars in thousands)
2018
$
7,205

$
16

$
(366
)
$
6,855

2017
6,994

—

211

7,205

2016
7,911

—

(917
)
6,994
Summary of Changes in Unrecognized Tax Benefits The following table sets forth the change to our unrecognized tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
  
Years ended December 31,
 
(dollars in thousands)
2018

2017

2016

Balance at December 31, 2017
$
5,160

$
3,145

$
3,024

Increases from prior period positions
104

1,860

23

Decreases in prior year positions
(413
)
(238
)
(17
)
Increases from current period positions
58

404

358

Lapse of statute of limitations
(1,205
)
(11
)
(243
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
3,704

$
5,160

$
3,145