10-Q 1 v183920_10q.htm Unassociated Document
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2010

or

¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from
To

Commission File Number :
001-33593

Zhongpin Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
 
54-2100419
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

21 Changshe Road, Changge City, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
 
461500
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)

 
011 86 10-8286 1788
 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past ninety (90) days.  YES x NO o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    YES o NO o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.  See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check One):

Large accelerated filer o    Accelerated filer x      Non-accelerated filer o(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  Smaller reporting company o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  YESo  NO x

As of May 4, 2010, 34,725,104 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

 
 

 

ZHONGPIN INC.

FORM 10-Q

INDEX

     
Page
 
Part I
 
Financial Information
1
 
             
   
Item 1.
 
Unaudited Financial Statements:
1
 
             
       
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2010 (unaudited) and December 31, 2009
2
 
             
       
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive
   
       
Income (unaudited) for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2010 and 2009
3
 
             
       
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the three- month periods ended March 31, 2010 and 2009
4
 
             
       
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
5
 
             
   
Item 2.
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
19
 
             
   
Item 3.
 
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
32
 
             
   
Item 4.
 
Controls and Procedures
32
 
             
Part II
 
Other Information
33
 
             
   
Item 1.
 
Legal Proceedings
33
 
             
   
Item 1A.
 
Risk Factors
33
 
             
   
Item 2.
 
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
33
 
             
   
Item 3.
 
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
33
 
             
   
Item 4.
 
(Removed and Reserved)
33
 
             
   
Item 5.
 
Other Information
33
 
             
   
Item 6.
 
Exhibits
33
 
             
Signatures
   
34
 

 
 

 

ZHONGPIN INC.

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and comprehensive income, and of cash flows and related notes thereto, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation for the interim periods.

The accompanying financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the aforementioned financial statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009.

The results of operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2010 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire fiscal year or any other period.

 
1

 

ZHONGPIN INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars)
 
   
March 31, 2010
   
December 31, 2009
 
ASSETS
 
(Unaudited)
       
Current assets
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 56,363,756     $ 68,982,259  
Restricted cash
    10,539,784       14,490,575  
Bank notes receivable
    9,127,624       7,997,172  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,628,947 and $1,132,038
    29,860,755       20,419,797  
Other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $168,041 and $290,436
    508,705       652,523  
Purchase deposits
    4,081,140       5,653,192  
Inventories
    35,893,367       33,859,420  
Prepaid expenses
    296,477       186,030  
VAT recoverable
    16,261,364       14,064,185  
Allowance receivables
    4,413,770       -  
Deferred tax assets
    256,222       256,151  
Other current assets
    155,992       120,709  
Total current assets
    167,758,956       166,682,013  
                 
Property, plant and equipment (net)
    211,294,506       189,588,904  
Deposits for purchase of land use rights
    8,721,167       8,718,740  
Construction in progress
    66,833,282       70,192,150  
Land use rights
    61,295,934       61,128,431  
Deferred charges
    28,512       39,855  
Other non-current assets
    1,762,199       1,761,709  
Total assets
  $ 517,694,556     $ 498,111,802  
                 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
               
Current liabilities
               
Short-term loans
  $ 68,015,962     $ 84,661,697  
Bank notes payable
    5,874,339       9,560,353  
Long-term loans - current portion
    1,317,609       4,539,215  
Capital lease obligation - current portion
    6,760,143       7,480,098  
Accounts payable
    12,544,468       9,260,750  
Other payables
    13,420,394       12,882,316  
Accrued liabilities
    10,462,477       7,377,850  
Deposits from customers
    4,982,010       5,335,907  
Tax payable
    1,940,455       1,918,057  
Total current liabilities
    125,317,857       143,016,243  
                 
Deferred tax liabilities
    248,014       247,945  
Deposits from customers
    2,192,942       1,987,579  
Capital lease obligation
    10,192,985       11,104,435  
Long-term loans
    68,876,352       44,912,744  
Total liabilities
    206,828,150       201,268,946  
                 
Equity
               
Common stock: par value $0.001; 100,000,000 authorized; 34,725,104 and 34,662,314 shares issued and outstanding
    34,725       34,662  
Additional paid-in capital
    166,856,661       166,169,902  
Retained earnings
    124,949,838       111,699,375  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    19,025,182       18,938,917  
Total equity
    310,866,406       296,842,856  
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 517,694,556     $ 498,111,802  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
2

 

ZHONGPIN INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Amount in U.S. dollars) (Unaudited)

   
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
   
2010
   
2009
 
Revenues
           
Sales Revenues
  $ 204,284,915     $ 153,849,448  
Cost of sales
    (179,366,565 )     (134,705,646 )
Gross Profit
    24,918,350       19,143,802  
                 
Operating expenses
               
General and administrative expenses
    (6,058,141 )     (4,608,286 )
Selling expenses
    (4,336,828 )     (2,793,278 )
Research and development expenses
    (40,852 )     (30,578 )
Amortization of loss from sale-leaseback
          (16,657 )
Total operating expenses
    (10,435,821 )     (7,448,799 )
                 
Income from operations
    14,482,529       11,695,003  
                 
Other income (expense)
               
Interest expense
    (1,435,461 )     (1,499,520 )
Other income
    565,063       168,073  
Exchange gain (loss)
    (304 )     1,333  
Government subsidies
    625,156       94,955  
Total other income (expense)
    (245,546 )     (1,235,159 )
                 
Net income before taxes
    14,236,983       10,459,844  
Provision for income taxes
    (986,520 )     (718,545 )
                 
Net income after tax
  $ 13,250,463     $ 9,741,299  
                 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    86,265       (378,972 )
Comprehensive income
  $ 13,336,728     $ 9,362,327  
                 
Basic earnings per common share
  $ 0.38     $ 0.33  
Diluted earnings per common share
  $ 0.38     $ 0.33  
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
    34,715,466       29,486,642  
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
    35,222,810       29,569,452  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
3

 

ZHONGPIN INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amount in U.S. dollars) (Unaudited)

   
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
   
2010
   
2009
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
           
Net income
  $ 13,250,463     $ 9,741,299  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operations:
               
Depreciation
    2,729,974       1,801,235  
Amortization
    327,390       187,858  
Provision for allowance for bad debt
    374,030       (102,628 )
Stock-based compensation expense
    473,472       289,917  
                 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts receivable
    (9,929,541 )     (7,783,530 )
Other receivables
    266,413       1,378,559  
Purchase deposits
    1,573,258       (16,221,596 )
Prepaid expense
    (110,379 )     61,962  
Inventories
    (2,024,048 )     (8,640,944 )
Tax refunds receivable
    (2,192,751 )     (2,154,544 )
Other current assets
    (35,240 )     (31,519 )
Deferred charges
    11,351       11,632  
Accounts payable
    3,280,371       2,189,263  
Other payables
    534,534       1,131,977  
Allowance receivable
    (4,412,736 )      
Accrued liabilities
    3,082,041       544,581  
Taxes payable
    21,859       (71,681 )
Deposits from clients
    (355,299 )     (1,258,162 )
Deposits from clients – Long term portion
    204,761       11,277  
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
    7,069,923       (18,915,044 )
                 
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
Construction in progress
    (19,057,251 )     (2,749,323 )
Additions to property and equipment
    (1,942,869 )     (3,441,307 )
Additions to land use rights
    (477,844 )      
Increase in restricted cash
    3,953,897       2,096,882  
Net cash used in investing activities
    (17,524,067 )     (4,093,748 )
                 
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
Proceeds from (repayment of) bank notes, net
    (4,815,772 )     2,054,947  
Proceeds from (repayment of) short-term bank loans, net
    (19,887,508 )     27,502,670  
Proceeds from long-term loans
    23,945,495        
Proceeds from (repayment of) capital lease obligation
    (1,636,194 )     (359,875 )
Proceeds from warrants exercise
    213,350        
                 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    (2,180,629 )     29,197,742  
                 
Effects of rate changes on cash
    16,269       (82,166 )
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
    (12,618,504 )     6,106,784  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    68,982,259       41,857,166  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 56,363,755     $ 47,963,950  
                 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
               
Cash paid for interest
    1,926,252       1,527,258  
Cash paid for income taxes
    964,583       753,430  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
4

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
1.
ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
 
Zhongpin Inc. (the “Company”) was established under the laws of the State of Delaware on February 4, 2003.  The Company is a public holding company holding an equity interest in its subsidiaries outside the U.S.  Its operating subsidiaries are located in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) and focus on two business divisions: pork and pork products, and vegetables and fruits. The pork and pork products division is involved primarily in the processing of live hogs into fresh, frozen and processed pork products which are sold domestically to branded stores, food retailers, food service distributors, restaurants, hotel chains and non-commercial food service establishments, such as schools, governments, healthcare facilities, the military and other food processors, as well as to certain international markets in a limited scope.  The vegetables and fruits segment is involved primarily in the processing of frozen vegetables and fruits that are sold to the Company’s branded stores and food retailers.

The Company holds a 100% interest in Falcon Link Investment Limited, a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Falcon”), through which the Company holds a 100% interest in its China-based subsidiaries, each of which was organized under the laws of the PRC.  The Company’s China-based subsidiaries include the following:

   
Date of
 
Registered
 
Percentage 
Name
 
Incorporation
 
Capital
 
of Ownership
             
Henan Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
May 20, 2005
 
$137,300,000
 
100%
             
Henan Zhongpin Food Share Company
 
Jan. 20, 2000
 
1,000,000,000 RMB
 
100%(1)
Limited (“Henan Zhongpin”)
     
 ($146,492,243)
   
             
Henan Zhongpin Import and Export
 
Aug. 11, 2004
 
5,060,000 RMB
 
100%
Trading Company
     
 ($611,111)
   
             
Zhumadian Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
June 7, 2006
 
60,000,000 RMB
 
100%
       
 ($8,585,399)
   
             
Anyang Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Aug. 21, 2006
 
34,800,000 RMB
 
100%
 
     
 ($5,094,422)
   
             
Henan Zhongpin Fresh Food Logistics
 
Sept. 14, 2006
 
1,500,000 RMB
 
100%
Company Limited
     
 ($189,665)
   
             
Deyang Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Sept. 25, 2006
 
15,000,000 RMB
 
100%
 
     
 ($1,893,652)
   
             
Henan Zhongpin Business Development
 
Sept. 27, 2006
 
5,000,000 RMB
 
100%
Company Limited
     
 ($632,215)
   
             
Heilongjiang Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Oct. 17, 2006
 
1,000,000 RMB
 
100%(2)
 
     
 ($126,406)
   
             
Luoyang Zhongpin Food Company
 
Jan. 18, 2007
 
60,000,000 RMB
 
100%
Limited (“Luoyang Zhongpin”)
     
 ($8,783,487)
   
             
Yongcheng Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Mar. 1, 2007
 
60,000,000 RMB
 
100%
 
     
 ($8,783,487)
   

 
5

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
   
Date of
 
Registered
 
Percentage 
Name
 
Incorporation
 
Capital
 
of Ownership
             
Tianjin Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Sept. 14, 2007
 
100,000,000 RMB
 
100%
 
     
 ( $14,639,145 )
   
             
Hengshui Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Nov. 17, 2008
 
1,000,000 RMB
 
100%
 
     
 ($146,428)
   
             
Jilin Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Dec. 11, 2008
 
1,000,000 RMB
 
100%
       
 ($145,688)
   
             
Henan Zhongpin Agriculture and
 
Dec. 26, 2008
 
10,000,000 RMB
 
100%
Animal Husbandry Industry
     
 ($1,461,796)
   
Development Company Limited
           
 

(1)           Includes a 1.7% ownership interest of another six stockholders with respect to which Henan Zhongpin Food Company Limited is entitled to all economic benefits and the right to vote pursuant to the terms of a trust agreement with such stockholders.
(2)           Includes a 10% ownership interest of another stockholder with respect to which Henan Zhongpin is entitled to all economic benefits and the right to vote pursuant to the terms of a trust agreement with such stockholder.

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated during the process of consolidation. The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Foreign Currency Translations and Transactions

RMB, the national currency of the PRC, is the primary currency of the economic environment in which the Company’s China-based subsidiaries are operating. The United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”) is the functional currency used by the Company and Falcon to record all of their activities. The Company uses the U.S. dollar for financial reporting purposes.

The Company translates assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars using the middle rate published by the People’s Bank of China as of the balance sheet date. The consolidated statement of income is translated at average rates during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation of financial statements from RMB into U.S. dollars are recorded in stockholders' equity as part of accumulated comprehensive loss translation adjustments. Gains or losses resulting from transactions in currencies other than RMB are reflected in income for the reporting period.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues generated from the sales of various meat products and vegetables and fruits are recognized when these products are delivered to customers in accordance with previously agreed upon pricing and delivery arrangements, and the collectability of these sales is reasonably assured. Since the products sold by the Company are primarily perishable and frozen food products, the right of return is only for a few days and has been determined to be insignificant by the management of the Company. Accordingly, no provision has been made for returnable goods. Revenues presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income are net of sales taxes.

 
6

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash accounts at credit-worthy financial institutions and closely monitors the movements of its cash positions.

Restricted Cash and Bank Notes Payable

Under the terms of the credit agreements with certain of its lenders, Henan Zhongpin has agreed to maintain with such lenders in a deposit account an amount of cash that will serve as collateral for its delivery of bank promissory notes of such lenders as payment instruments for its procurement purposes. The amount of bank promissory notes of such lenders that can be delivered by Henan Zhongpin can be up to twice the amount of such deposits. As such deposits may not be withdrawn by Henan Zhongpin without restriction, such cash deposits are presented as “restricted cash” on the consolidated balance sheets.

Bank Notes Receivable

The Company only accepts notes issued by banks in the normal course of business as payment for products sold by the Company. These bank notes receivable have maturity dates of up to 180 days and bear no interest. The Company can hold the bank notes until the maturity date and collect the amount from the issuing banks, or the Company can use these bank notes as a means for payment for goods or services received. The Company accrues no provision for these bank notes because such bank notes have little risk of default in the PRC.

Accounts Receivable

During the normal course of business, the Company's policy is to ask larger customers to make deposits in reasonable and meaningful amounts on a case-by-case basis. For certain newly-developed customers, the Company may extend unsecured credit.

The Company regularly evaluates and monitors the creditworthiness of each of its customers in accordance with the prevailing practice in the meat industry and based on general economic conditions in the PRC. The Company maintains a general policy of providing 100% allowance for doubtful accounts in an amount equal to the aggregate amount of those accounts that are not collected within one year plus an amount equal to 5% of the aggregate amount of accounts receivable less than one year old. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. The Company also examines the credit terms of significant customers regularly and asks for more cash deposits if these customers appear to have any indicators of delaying their payments to the Company.  Such deposits are usually applied for the collection of the outstanding accounts receivable during the year.  With such a practice in place, the Company did not have any specific allowance for doubtful accounts provided against specific customers at March 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
 
The following table presents allowance activities in accounts receivable.

   
March 31, 2010
   
December 31, 2009
 
             
Beginning balance
  $ 1,132,038     $ 1,215,901  
Additions charged to (reduction in ) expense
    496,909       (83,863 )
Ending balance
  $ 1,628,947     $ 1,132,038  

 
7

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
 
Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or the market based on the weighted average method. Production cost components include the purchase cost of live hogs, direct labor, depreciation, packaging material, utility expense and other manufacturing overhead. By using a systematic costing system, the production cost is allocated to various products at the stage of work-in-progress and finished goods, respectively. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price, in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs to complete and dispose. The Company regularly inspects the shelf life of prepared foods and, if necessary, writes down their carrying value based on their salability and expiration dates into cost of goods sold.

Plant, Property and Equipment

Plant, properties and equipment are recorded at cost and are stated net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

 
Estimated Useful
Economic Life
Plants and buildings
5-30 years
   
Machinery and equipment
5-20 years
   
Office furniture and equipment
3-5 years
   
Vehicles
5 years

Maintenance and repairs are charged directly to expense as incurred, whereas improvement and renewals are generally capitalized in their respective property accounts. When an item is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and applicable accumulated depreciation are removed and the resulting gain or loss is recognized and reflected as a line item before operating income (loss).

Land Use Rights

The Chinese government owns all of the parcels of land on which the Company's plants are built. In the PRC, land use rights for commercial purposes are granted by the PRC government typically for a term of 40-50 years. The Company is required to pay a lump sum of money to the State Land and Resource Ministry of the applicable locality to acquire such rights. In accordance with the provision of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification 350, Intangibles Goodwill and Other, the Company capitalizes the lump sum of money paid and amortizes these land use rights by using the straight line method over the term of the land use license granted by the applicable governmental authority.
 
Construction in Progress and Interest Capitalization

Construction in progress is stated at cost. The cost accumulation process starts from time the construction project is set-up and ends at the time the project has been put into service and all regulatory permits and approvals have been received. The Company borrows bank loans from time to time for these construction projects. The interest costs incurred for these loans have been capitalized during the construction process.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of that asset.  Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.

 
8

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, advance to vendor, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, capital lease obligations and short term and long term loans are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short maturity of these items. The fair value of amounts due from/to related parties and stockholders are reasonable estimate of their fair value as the amounts will be collected and paid off in a period less than one year.  The carrying amounts of capital lease obligations approximate their fair value based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of arrangements.  Long term debt approximates fair value since the bank term loans are fixed rate instruments and bear interests at the rate dictated and published by the People's Bank of China.

Shipping and Handling Cost

All shipping and handling fees are included in selling expenses.

Value Added Tax

All China-based enterprises are subject to a value added tax (“VAT”) imposed by the PRC government on their domestic product sales. The output VAT is charged to customers who purchase goods from the Company and the input VAT is paid when the Company purchases goods from its vendors. Input VAT rates are 13% for most of purchasing activities conducted by the Company. Output VAT rate is 13% for chilled pork products, frozen pork products and vegetable and fruit products, and 17% for prepared meat products. The input VAT can be offset against the output VAT. The VAT payable or recoverable balance presented on the consolidated balance sheets represents either the input VAT less than or larger than the output VAT. The debit balance represents a credit against future collection of output VAT instead of a receivable.

Share-Based Payment

The Company receives employee and certain non-employee services in exchange for (a) equity instruments of the Company or (b) liabilities that are based on the fair value of the Company’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of such equity instruments.  The Company accounts for stock options granted using a fair-value-based method.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity, similar to fully-diluted earnings per share. All of such securities are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. The number of shares of common stock underlying the outstanding stock warrants and options at March 31, 2010 and 2009 were 1,439,490 and 1,775,827, respectively, which were all included in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
 
Government Subsidies

The Company's subsidiaries in the PRC receive government subsidies from local Chinese government agencies in accordance with relevant Chinese government policies. In general, the Company presents the government subsidies received as part of other income unless the subsidies received are earmarked to compensate a specific expense, which have been accounted for by offsetting the specific expense, such as research and development expense or interest expenses. The information relating to government subsidies received and recognized is presented in Note 11.

 
9

 

ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Gross research and development expenses for new product development and improvements of existing products by the Company incurred for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 were $40,852 and 30,578, respectively. There is no offsetting of research and development expenses from government subsidies during the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Codification 220, Comprehensive Income, which establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive income (loss) and its components in a full set of general-purpose financial statements. The Company has chosen to report comprehensive income (loss) in the statements of income and comprehensive income. Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income and all changes to stockholders' equity except those due to investments by owners and distributions to owners.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
 
Adoption of FASB ASU 2010-13

In April 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2010-13, "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Effect of Denominating the Exercise Price of a Share-Based Payment Award in the Currency of the Market in Which the Underlying Equity Security Trades," which addresses the classification of a share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which the underlying equity security trades. Topic 718 is amended to clarify that a share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity’s equity securities trades shall not be considered to contain a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, such an award is not to be classified as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity classification. The amendments in this Update should be applied by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The cumulative-effect adjustment should be calculated for all awards outstanding as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which the amendments are initially applied, as if the amendments had been applied consistently since the inception of the award. ASU 2010-13 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2010 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 3.
INVENTORIES
 
Inventories at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 consisted of the following:
 
   
March 31, 2010
   
December 31, 2009
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
             
Raw materials
  $ 3,886,797     $ 4,941,774  
Low value consumables and packing materials
    999,011       961,009  
Work in progress
    4,012,703       3,020,589  
Finished goods
    26,994,856       24,936,048  
Total
  $ 35,893,367     $ 33,859,420  
 
10

 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
  
4.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
 
A summary of property, plant and equipment at cost at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 is as follows:

   
March 31, 2010
   
December 31, 2009
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
Plants and buildings
  $ 148,519,929     $ 130,399,711  
Machinery and equipment
    73,630,161       68,060,172  
Office furniture and equipment
    2,891,370       2,658,598  
Vehicles
    3,223,446       3,144,368  
Accumulated depreciation
    (16,970,400 )     (14,673,945 )
Total
  $ 211,294,506     $ 189,588,904  
 
The depreciation and amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 were $2,729,974 and $1,801,235, respectively.

In 2009 and 2008, the Company entered into various sale-leaseback arrangements. Under the arrangements, the Company sold property and equipment and leased them back for a period of 3 years. The leasebacks have been accounted for as capital leases. The difference between the carrying value of the sale-leaseback equipment and the appraised fair value was recognized to the income statement as loss from sale-leaseback transactions. Further, the difference between the appraised fair value and the sales price was capitalized as deferred loss, which was included in the property and equipment above.

Of the above information, property, plant and equipment under the sale-leaseback agreement at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 are as follows:

   
March 31, 2010
   
December 31, 2009
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
Plants and buildings
  $ 699,393     $ 707,433  
Machinery and equipment
    25,891,443       26,239,328  
Office furniture and equipment
    30,114       28,937  
Vehicles
    3,957       3,939  
Accumulated depreciation
    (988,634 )     (631,251 )
Total
  $ 25,636,273     $ 26,348,386  

The deferred losses included in the property and equipment balance were $3,788,330 and $4,149,415 at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively, and would be amortized over the lease term. Of the depreciation expenses, $362,155 and $357,158 were amortization of deferred loss and depreciation expense from assets under capital lease for the first quarter ended March 31, 2010; $16,657 and $90,634 were amortization of deferred loss and depreciation expense from assets under capital lease for the quarter ended March 31, 2009

5.
LAND USE RIGHTS
 
The Company’s land use rights at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 are as follows:

   
March 31, 2010
   
December 31, 2009
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
             
Land use rights
  $ 63,908,042     $ 63,412,436  
Accumulated amortization
    (2,612,108 )     (2,284,005 )
Total
  $ 61,295,934     $ 61,128,431  
 
The amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 were $327,390 and $187,858, respectively.
 
11

 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
   
 
6.
CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS
 
Construction in progress at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 consisted of the following:
 
Construction Project
 
Date or
Estimated Date
Put in Service(1)
 
March 31, 2010
   
December 31, 2009
 
Production line for prepared pork in Changge industrial park
 
January 2010
  $     $ 75,203  
Zhengzhou office
 
May 2010
    27,043       12,390  
Water solution Station in Changge industrial park
 
April 2010
          64,439  
Replacement and maintenance in Changge industrial park
 
April 2010
    184,500       121,187  
Production facility for prepared pork products in Changge industrial park
 
March 2010
          17,145,694  
Dormitories and other infrastructure in Changge industrial park
 
April 2010
    3,544,897       2,844,349  
Production facility for food oil in Changge industrial park
 
April 2010
    6,477,669       4,515,099  
Production facility for chilled and frozen pork in Tianjin
 
April 2010
    40,598,539       38,100,295  
Distribution center in Zhumadian
 
April 2010
    5,009,650       3,611,201  
Distribution center in Anyang
 
June 2010
    6,907,870       2,958,320  
Distribution center in Luoyang
 
September 2010
    4,033,753       743,973  
Distribution center in Changge
 
April 2011
    49,361        
Total
      $ 66,833,282     $ 70,192,150  

Estimated cost to complete current construction in process is $10.9 million.
 

(1)
Represents date all regulatory permits and approvals are received and project is placed in service. In certain cases, construction of a project may be substantially completed and the project may be operational during a testing period prior to such date.
 
7.
SHORT-TERM BANK LOANS
 
Short-term bank loans are due within one year. Of the $68.0 million aggregate principal amount of short-term bank loans at March 31, 2010, loans in the principal amount of $13.5 million were secured by the Company’s plants located primarily in Henan province, loans in the aggregate principal amount of $11.7 million were guaranteed by the Company’s subsidiaries, and loans in the aggregate principal amount of $14.6 million were guaranteed by Huanghe Group Co., Ltd., an unaffiliated third party (“Huanghe Group”). These loans bear interest at prevailing lending rates in the PRC ranging from 5.04 % to 5.31% per annum.

 
12

 

ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
8.
LONG-TERM BANK LOANS
 
Amounts outstanding under the Company’s long-term debt arrangements at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 were as follows:
 
Bank
 
March 31, 2010
   
December 31, 2009
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
Canadian Government Transfer Loan
  $ 1,489,099     $ 1,489,099  
Rabobank Nederland Shanghai
    11,719,379       11,716,118  
China CITIC Bank
          4,393,544  
China Construction Bank
    7,324,612       7,322,574  
Agriculture Bank of China
    28,419,496       10,251,605  
China Minsheng Bank
    7,324,612       7,322,574  
China Merchants Bank
    13,916,763       6,956,445  
      70,193,961       49,451,959  
Less: Current portion
    (1,317,609 )     (4,539,215 )
Total long-term portion
  $ 68,876,352     $ 44,912,744  
 
In February 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 71 million ($10.4 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.4% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on February 3, 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the land use right, property and plant of Luoyang Zhongpin.

In March 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 53 million ($7.8 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.76% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on December 27, 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the land use right, property and plant of Luoyang Zhongpin.

In March 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Merchants Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 47.5 million ($7.0 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.76% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on November 26, 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by Luoyang Zhongpin.

In December 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 70 million ($10.3 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.76% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on December 27, 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the land use right, property and plant of Luoyang Zhongpin.

 
13

 

ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In November 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Merchants Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 47.5 million ($7.0 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.76% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on November 26, 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by Luoyang Zhongpin.

In June 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Construction Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 50 million ($7.3 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.4% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on June 10, 2011.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the land use right, property and plant of Henan Zhongpin.

In May 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Minsheng Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 50 million ($7.3 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.4% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on May 6, 2011. Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Yongcheng Zhongpin Food Company Limited.

In May 2008, Henan Zhongpin entered into a credit agreement with Rabobank Nederland Shanghai Branch that provided for a three-year term loan of up to RMB 80 million ($11.7 million).  On June 10, 2008, the first 50% of the long-term loan was funded by the bank.  The remaining 50% of the long-term loan was drawn down by Henan Zhongpin on July 10, 2008.  Amounts currently outstanding under the long-term loan bear interest at the rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms. The accrued interest on this loan is payable on a quarterly basis. Of the outstanding principal under the long-term loan, 25% is payable 24 months after the first drawdown date (June 10, 2008), 37.5% is payable 30 months after the first drawdown date and the balance is payable 36 months after the first drawdown date.

Borrowings under the term loan agreement are guaranteed by the Company’s subsidiaries, Anyang Zhongpin Food Co., Ltd. and Zhumadian Zhongpin Food Co., Ltd., are secured by mortgages on the Company’s prepared pork production facilities located in Changge City, Henan province and are subject to various financial and non-financial covenants, including a debt-to-net-worth ratio, a debt-to-EBIDTA ratio, an interest coverage ratio, a required minimum tangible net worth, restrictions on investments in fixed assets and financial assets, on inter-company indebtedness and on consolidated contingent liabilities and a requirement that a minimum percentage of Henan Zhongpin’s consolidated EBITDA be generated by Henan Zhongpin and the guarantors.  Henan Zhongpin also is prohibited from paying dividends in an amount in excess of 50% of its retained earnings during the term of the credit facility.

In May 2002, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Bank of Communications, Zhengzhou Branch, which is the intermediary bank for a 40-year term loan in the amount of $2,504,969 from the Canadian government.  Under the terms of the loan agreement, 58% of the principal amount ($1,452,882) of this loan bears interest at the fixed rate of 6.02% per annum and remaining principal amount of this loan is interest free.  The loan is repayable in a fixed amount of $145,671, which includes principal and interest, that is payable on a semi-annual basis through May 15, 2042.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the Financing Department, Henan province.

 
14

 

ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
9.
EQUITY TRANSACTIONS
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2010, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 14,950 units were exercised on a cash basis. Each unit is comprised of two shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock and a five-year warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock with the exercise price of $4.00 per share. At the time of exercise of the unit warrants, the holders also exercised the underlying warrants to purchase shares of common stock. In connection with these transactions, the Company issued an aggregate of 44,850 shares of common stock and received $194,350 cash proceeds from such issuances. For cash flow purposes, these transactions were cash transactions.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2010, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 50,000 units of common stock were exercised on a cashless basis. In connection with these transactions, the Company issued an aggregate of 15,565 shares of common stock. For cash flow purposes, these transactions were non-cash transactions.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2010, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,375 common shares were exercised on a cash basis. In connection with these transactions, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,375 shares of common stock and received $19,000 cash proceeds from such issuances. For cash flow purposes, these transactions were cash transactions.
 
On March 31, 2009, the Company granted stock options to its Chief Financial Officer to purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, exercisable in accordance with the following schedule:  33,000 options vesting on March 31, 2010 with an exercise price of $8.88 per share, equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on March 31, 2009, 33,000 options vesting on March 31, 2011 with an exercise price of $12.70 per share, equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on March 31, 2010, and 34,000 options vesting on March 31, 2012 with an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on March 31, 2011.  Each tranche of options expires on the fourth anniversary of its respective vesting dates.

The Company adopted the fair value recognition to measure and recognize of compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to the Company’s employees and directors, including stock options and employee stock purchases.  Stock-based compensation expense for stock options was based on the grant-date fair value.  During the process of estimating the fair value of the stock options granted and recognizing share-based compensation, the following assumptions were adopted.

The fair value for these awards was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, assuming no expected dividends:

   
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
   
2010
   
2009
 
Expected life (years)
 
3-5
   
3-5
 
Expected volatility
 
33.22%
   
40.33%
 
Risk-free interest rate
 
1.60%
   
1.15%
 
Dividend yield
 
—%
   
—%
 

The expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock.  The observation is made on a weekly basis.  The observation period covered is consistent with the expected life of the options.  The risk-free rate is consistent with the expected terms of the stock options and is based on the United States Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. In estimating expected lives of the options, the Company considered the contractual and vesting terms of awards, along with historical experience; however, due to insufficient historical data from which to reliably estimate expected lives, the Company used estimates based on the “simplified method” set forth by the SEC in Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 107, where expected life is estimated by summing the award’s vesting term and contractual term and dividing that result by two. Insufficient historical data from which to reliably estimate expected lives is expected to exist for the foreseeable future due to different terms associated with awards granted in recent years, along with other factors.

For the three months ended March 31, 2010 and 2009, the stock-based compensation expenses were $473,472 and $289,917, respectively.

 
15

 

ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
10.
EARNINGS PER SHARE
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net earnings per share for the periods indicated:
 
   
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
Numerator:
           
Net income attributable to common shares
  $ 13,250,463     $ 9,741,299  
                 
Denominator:
               
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic
    34,715,466       29,486,642  
                 
Dilutive effect of stock options
    507,344       122,386  
                 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – diluted
    35,222,810       29,609,028  
                 
Basic earnings per share
  $ 0.38     $ 0.33  
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 0.38     $ 0.33  
 
11.
GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES
 
The central and local government in Changge City, Henan province provided Henan Zhongpin with various subsidies to encourage its research and development activities, building new facilities and its establishment of a fresh fruit and vegetable production facility in Changge City, and for other contributions to the local community, such as increasing employment opportunities. The government subsidies are generally classified as earmarked (such as research and development activities) or non-earmarked. The interest subsidies were earmarked to offset the Company’s interest expenses incurred in relation to the construction of its fruit and vegetable production facility. All subsidies were accounted for based on evidence that cash has been received and the earmarked activities have taken place. In accordance with internationally prevailing practice, subsidies earmarked for research and development activities were first offset against relevant research and development expenses incurred, and interest subsidies were offset against the relevant interest expense incurred. Non-earmarked subsidies are generally recognized as other income.

 
16

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
   
Government subsidies received by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 were as follows:
 
   
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
   
2010
   
2009
 
Deferred subsidies opening balance:
           
Interest subsidies
  $     $  
Earmarked subsidies
           
Non-earmarked subsidies
           
Total
  $     $  
                 
Subsidies received:
               
Interest subsidies
  $ 306,947     $  
Earmarked subsidies
           
Non-earmarked subsidies
    625,156       94,955  
Total
  $ 932,103     $ 94,955  
                 
Subsidies recognized:
               
Interest subsidies
  $ 306,947     $  
Earmarked subsidies
           
Non-earmarked subsidies
    625,156       94,955  
Total
  $ 932,103     $ 94,955  
                 
Deferred subsidies year ending balance:
               
Interest subsidies
  $     $  
Earmarked subsidies
           
Non-earmarked subsidies
             
Total
  $     $  

Subsidies received and other income recognized are translated at the average exchange rate. The beginning and ending balances are translated at the period-end exchange rates.

12.
SEGMENT REPORTING
 
The Company operates in only one segment: meat production. The Company’s vegetables and fruits operations, both financially and operationally, do not represent a significant enough portion of its business to constitute a separate segment. However, the Company’s product lines are divided into two divisions: pork and pork products, and vegetables and fruits.
 
The pork and pork products division is involved primarily in the processing of live hogs into fresh, frozen and processed pork products. The pork and pork products division markets its products domestically to branded stores and to food retailers, foodservice distributors, restaurant operators and noncommercial foodservice establishments, such as schools, hotel chains, healthcare facilities, the military and other food processors, as well as in certain international markets on a limited basis.
 
The vegetables and fruits division is involved primarily in the processing of fresh vegetables and fruits. The Company contracts with more than 100 farms in Henan province and nearby areas to produce high-quality vegetable varieties and fruits suitable for export purposes. The proximity of the contracted farms to operations ensures freshness from harvest to processing. The Company contracts with those farms to grow more than 34 categories of vegetables and fruits, including asparagus, sweet corn, broccoli, mushrooms, lima beans and strawberries.

 
17

 

ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
   
Sales by Division
(U.S. dollars in millions)
 
   
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
Pork and Pork Products:
           
Chilled pork
  $ 114.7     $ 86.3  
Frozen pork
    50.4       44.0  
Prepared pork products
    36.3       22.0  
Vegetables and Fruits
    2.9       1.5  
Total
  $ 204.3     $ 153.8  
                 
Cost of Sales
               
Pork products
  $ 177.0     $ 133.5  
Vegetables and fruits
    2.4       1.2  
                 
Gross Profit Margin:
               
Pork products
    12.1 %     12.3 %
Vegetables and fruits
    17.2 %     20.0 %

 
18

 

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
The statements contained in this Report with respect to our financial condition, results of operations and business that are not historical facts are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “estimates,” “projects,” “plans,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon, or by discussions of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties. Management wishes to caution the reader of the forward-looking statements that any such statements that are contained in this Report reflect our current beliefs with respect to future events and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including, but not limited to, economic, competitive, regulatory, technological, key employee, and general business factors affecting our operations, markets, growth, services, products, licenses and other factors discussed in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and that these statements are only estimates or predictions. No assurances can be given regarding the achievement of future results, as actual results may differ materially as a result of risks facing our company, and actual events may differ from the assumptions underlying the statements that have been made regarding anticipated events.
 
These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by us in those statements. Some of these risks are described in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009.
 
These risk factors should be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue. All written and oral forward looking statements made in connection with this Report that are attributable to our company or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Given these uncertainties, we caution investors not to unduly rely on our forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to review or confirm analysts’ expectations or estimates or to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this Report is a statement of our intention as of the date of this Report and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices, the economy in general and our assumptions as of such date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.

Overview
 
We are principally engaged in the meat and food processing and distribution business in the PRC. Currently, we have 13 processing plants located in Henan, Jilin and Sichuan provinces and in Tianjin in the PRC. Our total production capacity for chilled pork and frozen pork is approximately 1,504.9 metric tons per day, based on an eight-hour working day, or approximately 541,760 metric tons on an annual basis. We also have production capacity for prepared meats of approximately 250 metric tons per eight-hour day, or approximately 90,000 metric tons on an annual basis, and for fruits and vegetables of approximately 83.3 metric tons per eight-hour day, or approximately 30,000 metric tons on an annual basis. We utilize state-of-the-art equipment in all of our slaughterhouses and processing facilities.
 
We are investing approximately $61.0 million, not including the cost of land use rights, to build a production facility, warehouse and distribution center, and research and development center in Tianjin.  This facility will have a production capacity of approximately 100,000 metric tons for chilled and frozen pork, of which 70% will be for chilled pork and 30% for frozen pork, and 36,000 metric tons for prepared foods. We put the new facility for chilled and frozen pork into use ahead of schedule in January 2010.  After chilled and frozen pork production at this new facility commenced, we terminated the lease for our existing production facilities in Tianjin without material lease termination costs. We expect to put the facility for prepared foods into operation in the fourth quarter of 2010.

 
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We have invested approximately $5.6 million to build an additional production facility in Changge City, Henan province.  This facility is being designed with a production capacity of 20,000 metric tons for food oil (pork oil).  We put this facility into operation in April 2010.
 
We are also investing approximately $6.3 million to further improve our facility in Anyang, Henan province. We plan to improve the facility’s pre-cooling room and equipment so as to increase its annual capacity from 63,000 metric tons currently to 85,000 metric tons. After the expansion, chilled pork will account for about 70% of the facility’s capacity, up from the current 60%. This improvement project is scheduled to be completed in July 2010 and there is no impact on our operations in Anyang.
 
Our products are sold under the “Zhongpin” brand name. At March 31, 2010, our customers included 29 international or domestic fast food companies in the PRC, 51 processing factories and 1,687 school cafeterias, factory canteens, army posts and national departments. At such date, we also sold directly to 3,220 retail outlets, including supermarkets, within the PRC.
 
We have established distribution networks in 20 provinces and four cities with special legal status in the North, East, South and South Midland regions of the PRC, and also have formed strategic business alliances with leading supermarket chains and the catering industry in the PRC. In addition, we export products to Europe, Russia, Hong Kong and other selected countries in Asia and South Africa.
 
As of March 31, 2010, we had 6,778 employees, of whom 5,111 were operating personnel, 1,203 were sales personnel, 109 were research and development personnel and 355 were administrative personnel.
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
Unless otherwise noted, all translations from RMB to U.S. dollars were made at the middle rate published by the People’s Bank of China, or the middle rate, as of March 31, 2010, which was RMB6.8263 to $1.00. We make no representation that the RMB amounts referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars at any particular rate or at all. On May 4, 2010, the middle rate was RMB6.8265 to $1.00.
 
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.  We evaluate, on an on-going basis, our estimates for reasonableness as changes occur in our business environment.  We base our estimates on experience, the use of independent third-party specialists, and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
 
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments, estimates and uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.  We believe the following are our critical accounting policies:
 
Revenue Recognition.  Revenues generated from the sale of various meat products and vegetables and fruits are recognized when these products are delivered to customers in accordance with previously-agreed-upon pricing and delivery arrangements, and the collectability of these sales is reasonably assured.  Since the products sold by us are primarily perishable and frozen food products, the right of return is only for a few days and has been determined to be insignificant by our management.  Accordingly, no provision has been made for returnable goods.  Revenues presented on our consolidated income statements are net of sales taxes.
 
 
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Accounts Receivable. During the normal course of business, our policy is to ask larger customers to make deposits in reasonable and meaningful amounts on a case-by-case basis.  For certain newly-developed customers, we may extend unsecured credit.
 
We regularly evaluate and monitor the creditworthiness of each of our customers in accordance with the prevailing practice in the meat industry and based on general economic conditions in the PRC.  If any particular customer appears to be delaying or deferring payments for our products, we generally request a deposit from, or an increase in the deposits of, such customer.  Such deposits are typically applied against the outstanding accounts receivable of the applicable customer during the year.  As a result, we did not have a bad debt allowance provided against any specific customer at March 31, 2010.
 
We maintain a general policy of providing 100% allowance for doubtful accounts in an amount equal to the aggregate amount of those accounts that are not collected within one year plus an amount equal to 5% of the aggregate amount of accounts receivable less than one year old.  After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance.
 
Inventories.  Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a weighted average basis, and net realizable value.  Work-in-progress and finished goods are composed of direct material, direct labor and an attributable portion of manufacturing overhead.  Net realizable value is the estimated selling price, in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs to complete and dispose.
 
Plant, Property and Equipment.  Plant, properties and equipment are recorded at cost and are stated net of accumulated depreciation.  Depreciation expense is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
 
   
Estimated Life
Plants and buildings
 
5-30 years
Machinery and equipment
 
5-20 years
Office furniture and equipment
 
3-5 years
Vehicles
  
5 years
 
Maintenance and repairs are charged directly to expense as incurred, whereas improvements and renewals are generally capitalized in their respective property accounts.  When an asset is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and applicable accumulated depreciation are removed and the resulting gain or loss is recognized and reflected as a line item before operating income.
 
Results of Operations
 
In 2010, we intend to continue to focus on the implementation of our strategic plan to sustain the growth we have experienced since becoming a U.S. public company in 2006 through the reverse acquisition of Falcon, a holding company for our China-based subsidiaries. Over the next 12 months, we expect to continue to expand our distribution channel and develop new markets. Through our aggressive marketing campaign, we also expect to increase our brand awareness and customer loyalty. We also intend to further streamline our supply chain management to further advance and extend our unified, safe and efficient cold-chain logistics system.  In March, 2010, our scientific laboratory for food quality and processing, established in collaboration with Henan Agricultural University, was designated by the Science & Technology Department of Henan Province as a Key Laboratory, which is an important achievement for our quality assurance system. The laboratory is equipped with modern scientific instruments and integrated systems from North America and Asia and uses stringent testing and measurement processes. We expect the designation as a Key Laboratory to encourage outstanding scientists and engineers to join us, enhance our research and development capabilities, accelerate our product and process improvements and new product innovations, and serve as an exchange platform for technical cooperation with universities, technical institutes, and food processors in China and around the world. We also have invested in employee training and development to help sustain our rapid and healthy growth while maintaining a satisfactory profit margin.
 
 
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Hog and pork prices decreased approximately 10% in the first quarter of 2010 primarily because the supply of hogs was higher than the market demand. The imbalance between supply and demand was due to a limited outbreak of foot and mouth disease in south China that affected the hog breeding industry. Zhongpin does not source hogs from south China. As of the end of the first quarter, we are not aware of any reports of new infections, so we believe the disease has been controlled and the outbreak is over. We expect hog and pork prices to recover in the near future.
 
Comparison of Three Months Ended March 31, 2010 and 2009
 
Revenue. Total revenue increased from $153.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 to $204.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2010, which represented an increase of $50.5 million, or approximately 33%. The increase in revenues during the first quarter of 2010 was primarily due to increased sales volume in our meat and meat products divisions resulting from the effects of the continuing increases in the number of our retail channels, geographic expansion and increased sales to chain restaurants, food service providers and wholesalers and distributors in the PRC.  The following table presents information regarding our sales by product division for the three months ended March 31, 2010 and 2009.
 
   
Sales by Division
(unaudited)
 
       
   
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2010
   
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2009
 
   
Metric
Tons
   
Sales
Revenues
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
   
Metric
Tons
   
Sales
Revenues
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
 
                                     
Pork and Pork Products
                                   
Chilled pork
    64,418     $ 114.7     $ 1,781       43,499     $ 86.3     $ 1,984  
Frozen pork
    32,845       50.4       1,534       24,077       44.0       1,827  
Prepared pork products
    16,047       36.3       2,262       9,530       22.0       2,308  
Vegetables and Fruits
    3,952       2.9       734       2,645       1.5       567  
Total
    117,262     $ 204.3     $ 1,742       79,751     $ 153.8     $ 1,929  

The pork market in the PRC is highly fragmented and in the markets where we sell our products, no single supplier has a significant effect on the market price of pork or related pork products. We have been pricing our products based on the value of our brand, the quality of our products, hog prices in the applicable period and pricing trends for similar products in the regions in which we operate.  In the first quarter of 2010, we increased our sales of chilled pork products by approximately $28.4 million over the amount of our sales of such products in the first quarter of 2009. As shown in the table above, our average price during the first quarter of 2010 was approximately $1,781 per metric ton for chilled pork, compared to $1,984 during the first quarter of 2009, a decrease of 10%.  The number of metric tons of chilled pork sold during the first quarter of 2010 increased by 20,919, or 48% from the first quarter of 2009.  Despite the decrease in average price in the first quarter of 2010 as a result of market fluctuations, our total revenue still increased due to successful capacity expansion, increased sales to existing customers, and significantly increased volume of sales of our products as we entered new geographic markets, expanded our points of sales and acquired new customers.

In the first quarter of 2010, we increased our sales of frozen pork products by approximately $6.4 million over the amount of our sales of such products in the first quarter of 2009. Our average price during the first quarter of 2010 was approximately $1,534 per metric ton for frozen pork compared to $1,827 during the first quarter of 2009, a decrease of 16%.  The number of metric tons of frozen pork sold during the first quarter of 2010 increased by 8,768, or 36% from the first quarter of 2009.  Despite the decrease in average price in the first quarter of 2010 as a result of market fluctuations, our total revenue still increased due to successful capacity expansion, increased sales to existing customers, and significantly increased volume of sales of our products as we entered new geographic markets, expanded our points of sales and acquired new customers.

 
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In the first quarter of 2010, we increased our sales of prepared pork products by approximately $14.3 million over the amount of our sales of such products in the first quarter of 2009. Our average price during the first quarter of 2010 was approximately $2,262 per metric ton for prepared pork products compared to $2,308 during the first quarter of 2009, a decrease of 2%. The number of metric tons of prepared pork products sold during the first quarter of 2010 increased by 6,517, or 68% from the first quarter of 2009.  This product division is becoming more important to our business as customers increasingly demand prepared pork products and are willing to pay higher average prices for the convenience of such products. The average selling price of this product division dropped only 2% compared to a 10% decrease from chilled pork division and a 16% decrease from frozen pork division. We plan to gradually increase sales from prepared pork products by building up our brand recognition and expanding our capacities for this division.

The sales of meat and vegetable products are closely related to the particular regional markets in which our distribution channels are located. Therefore, the increase in metric tons sold for the first quarter of 2010 was partly attributable to our success in expanding our distribution channels. The following table shows the changes in our distribution channels:
 
   
Numbers of Stores and Cities Generating Sales Volume
(unaudited)
 
   
March 31,
   
Net
   
Percentage
 
   
2010
   
2009
   
Change
   
of Change
 
                         
Showcase stores
    148       135       13       10 %
Branded stores
    1,017       970       47       5 %
Supermarket counters
    2,055       1,992       63       3 %
Total
    3,220       3,097       123       4.0 %
                                 
First-tier cities
    29       29       0       0 %
Second-tier cities
    125       111       14       13 %
Third-tier cities
    393       337       56       17 %
Total cities
    547       477       70       14.7 %
 
The expansion in our distribution channels and geographical coverage has been a significant factor in the increase in our sales volume. The following table shows our revenues by distribution channel for the first quarter of 2010 and 2009, respectively.
 
   
Sales by Distribution Channel
(unaudited)
 
   
March 31,
   
Net
   
Percentage
 
   
2010
   
2009
   
Change
   
of Change
 
                         
Retail channels
    84.6     $ 68.3     $ 16.3       24 %
Wholesalers and distributors
    62.2       45.5       16.7       37 %
Restaurants and food services
    56.2       39.5       16.7       42 %
Export
    1.3       0.5       0.8       160 %
Total
    204.3     $ 153.8     $ 50.5       33 %
 
The increase in sales to different distribution channels was mainly due to the following factors:
 
 
·
our production capacity has increased since we put new facilities into operation in 2009 and increased our utilization rate for all facilities;

 
·
we have built up our brand image and brand recognition through general advertising display promotions and sales campaigns;

 
23

 

 
·
we have increased the number of stores and other channels through which we sell our products; and

 
·
we believe consumers are placing increased importance on food safety and are willing to pay higher prices for safe food products.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2010, revenues from export sales increased to $1.3 million, which represented an increase of $0.8 million, or approximately 160%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2009.
 
Cost of Sales. Our cost of sales primarily include our costs of raw materials, labor costs and overhead. Of our total cost of sales, our cost of raw materials typically accounts for approximately 96%, our overhead typically accounts for 2.5% and our labor costs typically accounts for 1.5%, with slight variations from period to period. All of our meat products are derived from the same raw materials, which are live hogs. Our vegetable and fruit products are purchased from farmers located close to our processing facility in Changge City, Henan province. As a result, the purchasing costs of live hogs and vegetables and fruits represent substantially all of our costs of raw materials. The increase in our cost of sales was consistent with our increase in sales revenue.
 
   
Cost of Sales by Division
(unaudited)
 
       
   
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2010
   
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2009
 
   
Metric
Tons
   
Cost of Sales
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
   
Metric
Tons
   
Cost of Sales
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
 
                                     
Pork and Pork Products
                                   
Chilled pork
    64,418     $ 102.1     $ 1,585       43,499     $ 76.7     $ 1,763  
Frozen pork
    32,845       46.3       1,410       24,077       39.9       1,657  
Prepared pork products
    16,047       28.6       1,782       9,530       16.9       1,773  
Vegetables and Fruits
    3,952       2.4       607       2,645       1.2       454  
                                                 
Total
    117,262     $ 179.4     $ 1,530       79,751     $ 134.7     $ 1,689  
 
Our gross profit margin (gross profit divided by sales revenue) decreased from 12.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 to 12.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2010. The slight decrease in our gross margin during the first quarter of 2010 was primarily due to (i) the increase in labor costs, (ii) the increase in our depreciation expense resulting from the newly-built production facilities that were put into service over the past year, and (iii) our strategic decision to take steps to increase market share and utilization rate of our production capacity at a time when our production capacity increased due to the opening of new production facilities.  As a result, our gross profit margin was lower than the level we would expect to achieve once we fully integrate our new production facilities and expand into new regional markets for our products.  We intend to adjust our production levels and product mix and the percentages of our sales through our different sales channels in the coming quarters to increase our gross profit margin.
 
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased from $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 to $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2010, which represented an increase of $1.5 million, or approximately 33%. As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses remained at 3.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2010.
 
 
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The increase in general and administrative expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2010 was primarily the result of a $0.5 million increase in bad debt provision due to the increase in accounts receivables, a $0.4 million increase in depreciation due to the increase in fixed assets and a $0.4 million increase in consulting fee.
 
Selling Expenses. Selling expenses increased from $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 to $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2010, which represented an increase of $1.5 million, or approximately 54%. The increase in selling expenses was primarily the result of our increased sales of pork and pork products and was primarily due to a $0.9 million increase in advertising and a $0.3 million increase in transportation. As a percentage of revenue, selling expenses increased from 1.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 to 2.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2010.
 
Interest Expense (net of interest income). Interest expense net of interest income decreased from $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2010, which represented a decrease of $0.1 million, or approximately 7%. The decrease in interest expense net of interest income was primarily due to lower interest rates on loans and higher interest income from higher average cash balances.
 
Other Income, Exchange Gain and Government Subsidies. Other income, exchange gain and government subsidies increased from $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 to $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2010, which represented an increase of $0.9 million, or approximately 300%. This increase was primarily due to a new budget received from the PRC Ministry of Finance in the first quarter of 2010 to a few selected enterprises in the locality, the objective of which is to promote further growth and development of enterprises in the key industries.
 
Income Taxes. The effective tax rate in the PRC on income generated from the sale of prepared pork products is 25% and there is no income tax on income generated from the sale of other products, including chilled and frozen pork, and fruits and vegetable products. The increase of $0.3 million in the provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2010 over the three months ended March 31, 2009 resulted from the increase in revenue from prepared meat products.
 
Segment Information
 
Under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, we operate in only one segment: meat production.  Our fruits and vegetables operations, both financially and operationally, do not represent a significant enough portion of our business to constitute a separate segment.  However, our product lines have been divided into two divisions: pork and pork products, and vegetables and fruits.
 
Our pork and pork products division is involved primarily in the processing of live hogs into fresh, frozen and processed pork products. Our pork and pork products division markets its products domestically to our branded stores, food retailers, foodservice distributors, restaurant operators and noncommercial foodservice establishments, such as schools, hotel chains, healthcare facilities, the military and other food processors, as well as to international markets.
 
Our vegetables and fruits division is involved primarily in the processing of fresh vegetables and fruits. We contract with more than 100 farms in Henan province and nearby areas to produce high-quality vegetable varieties and fruits suitable for export. The proximity of the contracted farms to our operations ensures freshness from harvest to processing. We contract to grow more than 20 categories of vegetables and fruits, including asparagus, sweet corn, broccoli, mushrooms, lima beans, strawberries and capsicum.
 
 
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The following tables show our sales volume and the production volume in metric tons by product division for the three months ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 and the percentage increases for each division between the periods.
 
   
Sales by Division
(in metric tons)
 
   
Three Months Ended
March 31,
             
               
Net Change
   
% Change
 
   
2010
   
2009
   
2010/2009
      2010/2009  
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
                 
Pork and Pork Products
                           
Chilled pork
    64,418       43,499       20,919       48 %
Frozen pork
    32,845       24,077       8,768       36 %
Prepared pork products
    16,047       9,530       6,517       68 %
Vegetables and Fruits
    3,952       2,645       1,307       49 %
Total
    117,262       79,751       37,511       47 %
 
   
Production by Division
(in metric tons)
 
   
Three Months Ended
March 31,
             
               
Net Change
   
% Change
 
   
2010
   
2009
   
2010/2009
      2010/2009  
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
                 
Pork and Pork Products
                           
Chilled pork
    64,385       43,330       21,055       49 %
Frozen pork
    40,478       29,449       11,029       37 %
Prepared pork products
    15,874       10,725       5,149       48 %
Vegetables and Fruits
    3,899       2,396       1,503       63 %
Total
    124,636       85,900       38,736       45 %
 
Additional Operating Data
 
In assessing our existing operations and planning our future growth and the development of our business, management considers, among other factors, our revenue growth and growth in sales volume by market segment, as well as our sales by distribution channel and geographic market coverage.
 
The following table sets forth information with respect to the number of products we offered, the number of stores in our retail network and the number of provinces and cities in the PRC in which we offered and sold our products at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007.
 
         
December 31,
 
   
March 31, 2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
                         
Number of products
    397       392       314       270  
Number of retail stores
    3,220       3,205       3,061       2,939  
Expansion of Market Coverage
                               
Number of Provinces
    24       24       24       24  
Number of first-tier cities
    29       29       29       29  
Number of second-tier cities
    125       120       106       93  
Number of third-tier cities
    393       383       324       287  
 
 
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
At March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, we had cash and cash equivalents of $56.4 million and $69.0 million, respectively. At March 31, 2010, our working capital was approximately $42.4 million.
 
We have established and implemented corporate policies to manage our cash flows generated by our operating activities.  We have established strict credit policies to manage the credit we give to our customers, and we give different credit terms to different types of customers in different sales channels.  For supermarket customers, the credit terms are generally two to four weeks.  For showcase stores and branded stores, the credit terms are generally cash sales within one week.  For food distributors, the credit terms are generally two weeks.  For restaurants and non-commercial customers, the credit terms are from one week to one month.  These credit terms are subject to negotiation if requested by our customers, but any adjustment must be approved by designated management.  In general, we ask for credit terms from our suppliers.  We generally pay for the hogs we purchase within one week after the hogs pass our health and quality examinations.
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2010, net cash provided by operating activities was $7.1 million, which represented an increase of $26.0 million as compared to the net cash used by operating activities of $18.9 million for the same period of 2009. Of the $26.0 million increase, net income accounted for $3.5 million, non-cash items accounted for $1.7 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities accounted for $20.7 million. Of the non-cash items, depreciation and amortization accounted for $1.1 million of change due to the fact that more plants, equipment and machinery were put into use.
 
Cash flow from changes in operating assets and liabilities increased approximately $20.7 million, as compared to the negative cash flow of $30.8 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities for the same period of the prior year. Of the $20.7 million increase, $6.7 million was attributable to the change of cash flow from inventories due to the fact that we intentionally built up our inventories in the first quarter of 2010 to take advantage of lower hog prices during that period. The price of hogs dropped approximately 10% in the first quarter and we expect such price to increase by the middle of 2010.  As a result, we increased our lower-cost inventories to potentially benefit the operating results of our future quarters.  Of the remaining increase, $17.8 million was attributable to the change of cash flow from purchase deposits due to the fact that we paid more purchase deposits in the first quarter of 2009 to purchase land use rights to support our expansion. We had paid all purchase consideration and recorded the land use rights on the balance sheet.
 
Net cash used in investing activities was $17.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2010, which represented an increase of $13.4 million as compared to the net cash of $4.1 million used by investing activities for the same period of the prior year. We spent $16.3 million more on the costs of construction for new production facilities during the current period and $1.5 million less on equipment and machinery.
 
Net cash used by financing activities was $2.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2010, a decrease of $31.4 million compared to the net cash provided by financing activities of $29.2 million for the same period of the prior year. We received $23.9 million more in net proceeds from long-term bank loans. We repaid $19.9 million short-term bank loans and $4.8 million of bank notes during the current period. Through these financing activities, we optimized our debt structure with more long-term bank loans and less short-term bank loans.
 
At March 31, 2010, Henan Zhongpin had short-term bank in the aggregate amount of $68.0 million with interest rates ranging from 5.04 % to 5.31% per annum, as follows.
 
 
27

 
 
Bank
 
Maximum
Credit
Availability
   
Amount
Borrowed
   
Interest Rate
 
Maturity Date
                     
Short-term Loans
                   
                     
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
  $ 21,973,836     $          
                         
China Everbright Bank
    7,324,612                
                         
Bank of Luoyang
    4,394,767       4,394,767       5.31 %
01/17/2011
                           
Bank of Communications
    5,859,690                  
                           
China Construction Bank
    29,298,449       4,394,767       5.31 %
06/10/2010
                           
China CITIC Bank
    36,623,061       4,394,767       5.31 %
01/19/2011
                           
Agriculture Development Bank of China
    102,544,570       6,166,937       5.31 %
06/27/2010
              9,082,519       5.31 %
12/30/2010
                           
Shanghai Pudong development Bank of China
    17,579,069                  
                           
Bank of China
    14,649,224                  
                           
China Merchants Bank
    27,101,065       5,859,690       5.31 %
06/04/2010
              2,929,845       5.31 %
06/22/2010
              4,394,767       5.31 %
02/01/2011
                           
Guangdong Development Bank
    10,254,457       5,859,690       5.31 %
09/28/2010
                           
Xuchang Commercial Bank
    4,394,767                  
                           
China Minsheng Bank
    7,324,612                  
                           
Rabobank Nederland
    14,649,224       2,929,845       5.31 %
05/28/2010
                           
Zhongyuan Trust Co., Ltd.
            17,579,069       5.04 %
03/31/2011
                           
City Finance –short-term
            29,299       0.00 %
Extendable
Total
          $ 68,015,962            
                           
Long-term Loan-Current portion
                         
                           
Canadian Government Transfer Loan
            145,671       6.02 %
05/15/2010
                           
Agriculture Bank of China
    73,246,122       1,171,938       5.76 %
03/18/2011
Total
          $ 1,317,609            
                           
Long-term Loans
                         
                           
China Construction Bank
    29,298,449       7,324,612       5.40 %
06/10/2011
                           
Agriculture Bank of China
    73,246,122       16,846,609       5.76 %
12/27/2014
              10,400,949       5.40 %
02/03/2013
                           
China Minsheng Bank
    7,324,612       7,324,612       5.40 %
05/06/2011
                           
China Merchants Bank
    22,706,298       13,916,764       5.76 %
11/26/2014
                           
Rabobank Nederland
    14,649,224       5,859,689       5.40 %
06/15/2011
              5,859,689       5.40 %
07/09/2011
                           
Canadian Government Transfer Loan
            1,343,428       *  
05/15/2042
                           
Total
          $ 68,876,352            
 

* 58% of the principal amount of this loan bears interest at the rate of 6.02% per annum and the remaining principal amount of this loan is interest free.  All repayments are applied first to the interest-bearing portion of this loan.

 
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Of our outstanding short-term loans at March 31, 2010, $13.5 million aggregate principal amount of loans was secured by our land and plants located in the PRC and $14.6 million aggregate principal amount of loans was guaranteed by Huanghe Enterprises Group Co., Ltd., a group corporation based in Henan province that is not affiliated with our company or with any of our subsidiaries (“Huanghe Group”).

In February 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 71 million ($10.4 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.4% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on February 3, 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the land use right, property and plant of Luoyang Zhongpin.

In March 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 53 million ($7.8 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.76% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on December 27, 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the land use right, property and plant of Luoyang Zhongpin.

In March 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Merchants Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 47.5 million ($7.0 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.76% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on November 26, 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by Luoyang Zhongpin.

In December 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 70 million ($10.3 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.76% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on December 27, 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the land use right, property and plant of Luoyang Zhongpin.
 
 
29

 

In November 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Merchants Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 47.5 million ($7.0 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.76% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on November 26, 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by Luoyang Zhongpin.

In November 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a sale-leaseback agreement with CMB Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. (“CMB Leasing”) pursuant to which we sold to CMB Leasing equipment with a book net value of $8.3 million for $5.9 million and leased such equipment back. The lease payments for this equipment are paid on a monthly basis over a three-year period and consist of a fixed payment based upon a 36-month amortization of the purchase price plus an interest component that is based upon the rate announced from time to time by the People’s Bank of China for three-year loans.  At March 31, 2010, the monthly rental fee under the agreement was $528,049, which included an interest component calculated at the rate of 4.91% per annum. Henan Zhongpin has the right at the end of the lease term to repurchase all of the equipment for a nominal purchase price.

In November 2009, our subsidiary Luoyang Zhongpin Food Co., Ltd. entered into a sale-leaseback agreement with CMB Leasing pursuant to which we sold to CMB Leasing equipment with a book net value of $6.8 million for $4.4 million and leased such equipment back. The lease payments for this equipment are paid on a monthly basis over a three-year period and consist of a fixed payment based upon a 36-month amortization of the purchase price plus an interest component that is based upon the rate announced from time to time by the People’s Bank of China for three-year loans.  At March 31, 2010, the monthly rental fee under the agreement was $396,037, which included an interest component calculated at the rate of 4.91% per annum. Henan Zhongpin has the right at the end of the lease term to repurchase all of the equipment for a nominal purchase price.

In November 2009, our subsidiary Zhumadian Zhongpin Food Co., Ltd. entered into a sale-leaseback agreement with De Lage Landen (China) Co., Ltd. (“De Lage Landen”) pursuant to which we sold to De Lage Landen equipment with a book net value of $5.9 million for $6.0 million and leased such equipment back. The lease payments for this equipment are paid on a monthly basis over a three-year period and consist of a fixed payment based upon a 36-month amortization of the purchase price plus an interest component that is based upon the rate announced from time to time by the People’s Bank of China for three-year loans.  At March 31, 2010, the monthly rental fee under the agreement was $176,482, which included an interest component calculated at the rate of 5.31% per annum. Henan Zhongpin has the right at the end of the lease term to repurchase all of the equipment for a nominal purchase price.

In June 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a mutual guarantee agreement with Huanghe Group. Under the agreement, Henan Zhongpin agreed to guarantee bank loans of Huanghe Group in an amount up to $8.8 million and Huanghe Group agreed to guarantee Henan Zhongpin’s bank loans in an amount up to $8.8 million. The agreement expires in June 2010. In September 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a mutual guarantee agreement with Huanghe Group. Under the agreement, Henan Zhongpin agreed to guarantee bank loans of Huanghe Group in an amount up to $5.9 million and Huanghe Group agreed to guarantee Henan Zhongpin’s bank loans in an amount up to $5.9 million. The agreement expires in September 2010.  At the expiration of the agreements, each party will remain obligated under its guarantee for any loans of the other party that are outstanding on the date of expiration of the agreements.  At March 31, 2010, Henan Zhongpin had outstanding guarantees for $14.6 million of Huanghe Group’s bank loans under the agreements.  All of the bank loans of Huanghe Group guaranteed by Henan Zhongpin will mature within the next 6 months.

In June 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Construction Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 50 million ($7.3 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.4% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on June 10, 2011.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the land use right, property and plant of Henan Zhongpin.

In May 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Minsheng Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 50 million ($7.3 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.4% per annum on March 31, 2010) and are payable on May 6, 2011. Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by our wholly-owned subsidiary, Yongcheng Zhongpin Food Co., Ltd.

 
30

 

On November 5, 2008, Henan Zhongpin entered into a sale-leaseback agreement with CMB Leasing pursuant to which we sold to CMB Leasing equipment with a book net value of $6.6 million for $4.6 million and leased such equipment back. The lease payments for this equipment are paid on a monthly basis over a three-year period and consist of a fixed payment based upon a 36-month amortization of the purchase price plus an interest component that is based upon the rate announced from time to time by the People’s Bank of China for three-year loans.  At March 31, 2010, the monthly rental fee under the agreement was $138,859, which included an interest component calculated at the rate of 5.4% per annum. Henan Zhongpin has the right at the end of the lease term to repurchase all of the equipment for a nominal purchase price.

In May 2008, Henan Zhongpin entered into a credit agreement with Rabobank Nederland Shanghai Branch that provided for a three-year term loan of up to RMB 80 million ($11.7 million). On June 10, 2008, the first 50% of the long-term loan was funded by the bank. The remaining 50% of the long-term loan was drawn down by Henan Zhongpin on July 10, 2008. Amounts currently outstanding under the long-term loan bear interest at the rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms. The accrued interest on this loan is payable on a quarterly basis. Of the outstanding principal under the long-term loan, 25% is payable 24 months after the first drawdown date (June 10, 2008), 37.5% is payable 30 months after the first drawdown date and the balance is payable 36 months after the first drawdown date.

Borrowings under the term loan agreement are guaranteed by our subsidiaries, Anyang Zhongpin Food Co., Ltd. and Zhumadian Zhongpin Food Co., Ltd., are secured by mortgages on our prepared pork production facilities located in Changge City, Henan province and are subject to various financial and non-financial covenants, including a debt-to-net-worth ratio, a debt-to-EBITDA ratio, an interest coverage ratio, a required minimum tangible net worth, restrictions on investments in fixed assets and financial assets, on inter-company indebtedness and on consolidated contingent liabilities and a requirement that a minimum percentage of Henan Zhongpin’s consolidated EBITDA be generated by Henan Zhongpin and the guarantors. Henan Zhongpin also is prohibited from paying dividends in an amount in excess of 50% of its retained earnings during the term of the credit facility.

In May 2002, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Bank of Communications, Zhengzhou Branch, which is the intermediary bank for a 40-year term loan in the amount of $2,504,969 from the Canadian government. Under the terms of the loan agreement, 58% of the principal amount ($1,452,882) of this loan bears interest at the fixed rate of 6.02% per annum and remaining principal amount of this loan is interest free. The loan is repayable in a fixed amount of $145,671, which includes both principal and interest, that is payable on a semi-annual basis through May 15, 2042. Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the Financing Department, Henan province.

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with our available lines of credit ($234.6 million at March 31, 2010), will be sufficient to finance our investment in new facilities, operating requirements and anticipated capital expenditures of approximately $74.2 million over the next 12 months. We intend to use such funds over the next 12 months to fund our capacity expansion and the construction of supporting facilities and to supplement our working capital requirements to enable us to strengthen our market position and accelerate our growth. We intend to satisfy our short-term debt obligations that mature over the next 12 months through additional short-term bank loans, in most cases by rolling the maturing loans into new short-term loans with the same lenders as we have done in the past. We also we intend to optimize our loan structure by replacing certain of our short-term indebtedness with additional long-term debt.

Contractual Obligations

For information on our contractual obligations, please refer to Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Contractual Commitments.” as presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009.
 
 
31

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.
 
Inflation and Seasonality
 
While demand for our products in general is relatively high before the Chinese New Year in January or February each year and lower thereafter, we do not believe our operations have been materially affected by inflation or seasonality.
 
Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
Disclosures About Market Risk. We may be exposed to changes in financial market conditions in the normal course of business. Market risk generally represents the risk that losses may occur as a result of movements in interest rates and equity prices. We currently do not use financial instruments in the normal course of business that are subject to changes in financial market conditions.
 
Currency Fluctuations and Foreign Currency Risk. Substantially all of our operations are conducted in the PRC, with the exception of our export business and limited overseas purchases of raw materials.  Most of our sales and purchases are conducted within the PRC in RMB, which is the official currency of the PRC.  As a result, the effect of the fluctuations of exchange rates is considered minimal to our business operations.
 
Substantially all of our revenues and expenses are denominated in RMB. However, we use the U.S. dollar for financial reporting purposes. Conversion of RMB into foreign currencies is regulated by the People’s Bank of China through a unified floating exchange rate system. Although the PRC government has stated its intention to support the value of RMB, there can be no assurance that such exchange rate will not again become volatile or that RMB will not devalue significantly against the U.S. dollar. Exchange rate fluctuations may adversely affect the value, in U.S. dollar terms, of our net assets and income derived from our operations in the PRC.
 
Interest Rate Risk. We do not have significant interest rate risk as the interest we pay on substantially all of our debt obligations is calculated at a fixed rate in accordance with the terms of such indebtedness.
 
Credit Risk. We have not experienced significant credit risk, as most of our customers are long-term customers with superior payment records. Our receivables are monitored regularly by our credit managers.
 
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
 
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report.  Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information that we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 
32

 

Part II – Other Information

Item 1.     Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

During the three months ended March 31, 2010, there were no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a)           None.

(b)           Not Applicable.

(c)           None.

Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not Applicable.

Item 4.   (Removed and Reserved)

Item 5.   Other Information

(a)           None.

(b)           None.

Item 6.   Exhibits

 
The exhibits required by this item are set forth on the Exhibit Index attached hereto.

 
33

 

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we have duly caused this report to be signed on our behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 
Zhongpin Inc.
   
(Company)
     
 
Date:  May 10, 2010
     
 
By:
/s/ Xianfu Zhu
   
Xianfu Zhu
   
Chief Executive Officer
     
 
By:
/s/ Feng Wang
   
Feng Wang
   
Chief Financial Officer

 
34

 

Exhibit Index

Exhibit
Number
 
Exhibit Title
     
31.1*
 
Certification of our Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
31.2*
 
Certification of our Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
32.1*
 
Certification of our Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
32.2*
 
Certification of our Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.


*
Filed herewith

 
35