0001274644-13-000044.txt : 20130927 0001274644-13-000044.hdr.sgml : 20130927 20130927172330 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001274644-13-000044 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 8-K/A PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 10 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20130715 ITEM INFORMATION: Cost Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities ITEM INFORMATION: Financial Statements and Exhibits FILED AS OF DATE: 20130927 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20130927 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001274644 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834] IRS NUMBER: 631192270 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 8-K/A SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-35119 FILM NUMBER: 131120771 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 12651 HIGH BLUFF DRIVE STREET 2: SUITE 230 CITY: SAN DIEGO STATE: CA ZIP: 92130 BUSINESS PHONE: 858-436-3900 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 12651 HIGH BLUFF DRIVE STREET 2: SUITE 230 CITY: SAN DIEGO STATE: CA ZIP: 92130 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: TRANZYME INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20031230 8-K/A 1 a8-kaocera06302013.htm 8-K /A 8-K/A Ocera 06302013


UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K/A
CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported): July 15, 2013

Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
 
 
 
DELAWARE
 
001-35119
 
63-1192270
 
 
 
 
 
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation)
 
(Commission File Number)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

 
 
 
12651 High Bluff Drive, Suite 230
San Diego, CA
 
92130
 
 
 
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code (858) 436-3900

Not Applicable
 
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
o Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
o Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
o Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
o Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
 
 

1



 
Item 2.05. Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.

On September 19, 2013, Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) filed a Current Report on Form 8-K to disclose that it had approved a restructuring plan related to the operations in its Sherbrooke, Quebec facility (the “Sherbrooke Facility”).  At that time, the Company was unable to estimate the expenses and charges to be incurred in connection with this action.   The Company now estimates that it will incur total charges of approximately $2.2 million to $2.5 million in connection with the restructuring plan including cash expenses of approximately $900,000 to $1.1 million. These expenses and charges include (i) an estimate of approximately $100,000 to $200,000 associated with the termination of operating activities in the leased office and laboratory space at the Sherbrooke Facility; (ii) an estimate of approximately $700,000 to $800,000 associated with the separation from employment of 17 employees at the Sherbrooke Facility; (iii) impairment of assets estimated at approximately $1.3 million to $1.4 million; and (iv) an estimate of approximately $100,000 in other liabilities related to the restructuring plan. 

This current report on Form 8-K/A  contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including the expected financial effect of the restructuring plan including estimate of charges and expenses. Statements that may be considered forward-looking include statements incorporating terms such as "expects," "believes," "intends," “estimates”, “forecasts,” "anticipates," “may,” “should”, and similar terms that relate to future events, performance, or results of the Company. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the historical experience of the Company and management's present expectations or projections, including unexpected adjustments made in connection with the preparation and review of the Company's financial statements. Management believes these forward-looking statements are reasonable; however, undue reliance should not be placed on any forward-looking statements, which are based on current expectations. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and management undertakes no obligation to update publicly any of them in light of new information or future events.

Introduction
On July 16, 2013, Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) filed a Current Report on Form 8-K announcing that on July 15, 2013, Tranzyme, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Tranzyme"), completed its business combination with Ocera Therapeutics, Inc., a privately held Delaware corporation (“Private Ocera”), in accordance with the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of April 23, 2013, by and among Private Ocera, Tranzyme and Terrapin Acquisition, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Tranzyme. The Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2013 is incorporated herein by reference and this Current Report supplements the information contained in Item 9.01 of that report.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(a) Financial Statements of Businesses Acquired.
The unaudited interim financial statements of Private Ocera, including Private Ocera's unaudited balance sheet as of June 30, 2013, unaudited statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to June 30, 2013, unaudited statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to June 30, 2013 and the notes related thereto, and management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are filed as Exhibit 99.1 and are incorporated herein by reference.
The audited financial statements of Private Ocera, including Private Ocera's audited balance sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, statements of operations and comprehensive loss for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2012, and for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2012, statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and stockholders' deficit for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2012, statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2012, the notes related thereto and the related independent registered public accounting firm's report are filed as Exhibit 99.2 and are incorporated herein by reference.
The unaudited pro forma combined financial information of Private Ocera, including Private Ocera's combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2013, the unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2013, the unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the notes related thereto, are filed as Exhibit 99.3 and are incorporated herein by reference.


2



(d) Exhibits.
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
10.1#
 
Restated License Agreement by and between Ocera Subsidiary, Inc. and Kureha Corporation, dated as of March 6, 2008
10.2#
 
Agreement by and between Ocera Subsidiary, Inc. and Kureha Corporation, dated April 5, 2012
10.3#
 
Commercial Manufacture and Supply Agreement by and between Ocera Subsidiary, Inc. and Kureha Corporation, dated as of November 1, 2007
10.4#
 
Clinical Manufacture and Supply Agreement by and between Ocera Subsidiary, Inc. and Kureha Corporation, dated as of December 22, 2005
10.5#
 
Deed by and between Ocera Subsidiary, Inc. and UCL Business PLC, dated as of February 20, 2013, relating to and amending certain provisions of the Amended and Restated License Agreement by and between Ocera Subsidiary, Inc. and UCL Business PLC, dated as of July 26, 2011, a copy of which is attached to the Deed
23.1
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
99.1
 
Unaudited Interim Financial Statements of Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (a Development Stage Company)
 
 
Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2013
 
 
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the Period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to June 30, 2013
 
 
Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the Period from December 20, 2004 (Inception) to June 30, 2013
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
99.2
 
Audited Financial Statements of Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (a Development Stage Company)
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
 
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011
 
 
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the Period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2012
 
 
Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006 and 2005 and for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2004
 
 
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the Period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2012
 
 
Notes to Financial Statements
99.3
 
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Information of Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (a Development Stage Company)
 
 
Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2013
 
 
Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
 
Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Statements
#
 
Portions of these exhibits have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
*      *       *

3



 
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 
 
 
 
 
Date: September 27, 2013
Tranzyme, Inc.
 
 
 
By:  
/s/ Linda S. Grais, M.D.
 
 
 
Linda S. Grais, M.D.
 
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 


4
EX-10.1 2 exhibit101kureharestatedli.htm EXHIBIT 10.1 Exhibit 10.1 KurehaRestatedLicenseAgreement
CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT HAS BEEN REQUESTED.

RESTATED LICENSE AGREEMENT
THIS RESTATED LICENSE AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is entered into as of March 6th, 2008 (the “Effective Date”) by and between KUREHA CORPORATION, a Japanese corporation (“Kureha”), having an address of 3-3-2, Nihonbashi-Hamacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8552, Japan, and OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (“Ocera”), having an address of 12651 High Bluff Drive, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92130, United States of America.
RECITALS
WHEREAS, Kureha and Ocera have entered into the License Agreement effective as of August 31, 2005 (the “Original Effective Date”), as amended by Amendment Agreement dated December 22, 2006 (the “Original Agreement”);
WHEREAS, Ocera desires to extend the territory for the license under the Original Agreement, and Kureha is willing to extend such territory; and
WHEREAS, Kureha and Ocera are willing to amend and restate the Original Agreement as set forth in this Agreement, in order to confirm the terms and conditions of such extension.
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:
1.
DEFINITIONS
1.1    “Affiliate” shall mean any company or entity controlled by, controlling, or under common control with a party hereto. For the purpose of this definition, a business entity shall be deemed to "control" another business entity, if it owns directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities, capital stock, or other comparable equity or ownership interest of such business entity, or exercises equivalent influence over such entity.
1.2    “Calendar Quarter” shall mean each respective period of three consecutive months ending on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31.
1.3    “CKD” shall mean chronic kidney disease.
1.4    “CKD Licensee” shall have the meaning provided in Section 2.2.
1.5    “Clinical Supply Agreement” shall mean Clinical Manufacture and Supply Agreement entered between Kureha and Ocera as of December 22, 2005 for the supply of Compound by Kureha to Ocera for clinical use for the Field and the Licensed Territory.
1.6    “Combination Product” shall mean any product that is a Product sold in combination with any other active ingredient(s) or compound(s) that is not part of the Product (whether packaged together or in the same therapeutic formulation).
1.7    “Competing Product” shall mean any carbon-based adsorbent product (activated carbon) orally used for pharmaceutical purposes and consisting of more than 90% carbon, which is similar in function, characteristics or mechanism to the Compound.
1.8    “Commercially Reasonable Efforts” shall mean those efforts consistent with the exercise of customary scientific and business practices as applied in the pharmaceutical industry in a particular jurisdiction for development and commercialization activities conducted with respect to other products of similar potential and market size in such jurisdiction.
1.9    “Compound” shall mean (a) the drug substance which is known as Kremezin (AST‑120), which shall be the spherical adsorptive carbon described in DMF Number 16077 as of the Effective Date, (b) any other carbon-based adsorbent product(activated carbon) consisting of more than 90% carbon, Controlled by Kureha or its Affiliates, which is equivalent or alternative to Kremezin (AST-120), as such terms are defined in the FDA’s “Orange Book” or comparable regulatory standards of the EMEA, or (c) any composition covered under Kureha Technology, which is equivalent or alternative to Kremezin (AST-120), as such terms are defined in the FDA’s “Orange Book” or regulatory standards of the EMEA.
1.10    “Confidential Information” shall have the meaning provided in Section 9.1.
1.11    “Control” shall mean, with respect to any Information, Patents or other intellectual property rights, possession by a party of the right, power and authority (whether by ownership, license or otherwise) to grant access to, to grant use of, or to grant a license or a sublicense to such Information, Patents or intellectual property rights without violating the terms of any agreement or other arrangement with any Third Party.
1.12    “DMF” (Drug Master File) shall mean a submission to the FDA that may be used to provide confidential detailed information about facilities, processes, or articles used in the manufacturing, processing, packaging, and storing of one or more human drugs.
1.13    “EMEA” shall mean European Medicines Agency, or Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CPHP) or its appropriate successor agency.
1.14    “FDA” shall mean the United States Food and Drug Administration or its successor agency.
1.15    “Field” shall mean any human therapeutic indications in the areas of Gastro‑Intestinal Disease and Liver Disease.
1.16    “First Commercial Sale” shall mean, with respect to any Product, the first sale for end use or consumption of such Product in a country after the governing health regulatory authority of such country has granted Regulatory Approval.
1.17    “Gastro-Intestinal Disease” shall mean any stomach, intestinal, esophageal or colon disease or disorder, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diarrhea or digestive disorder.
1.18    “Generic Competition” shall mean, with respect to a given country in the Licensed Territory, the situation in which one or more generic product(s) having specifications substantially the same as the specifications of applicable Product takes, in aggregate, more than a 15% market share of the market for the Product in such country (as reported in sales by Intercontinental Medical Statistics (IMS) or a similar tracking service to be agreed to between the parties) for any two consecutive Calendar Quarters.
1.19    “Gross Margin” shall mean the ratio of (a) an amount equal to (i) Net Sales minus (ii) cost of sales, including, but not limited to, the Transfer Price set forth in Section 4.1 of the Supply Agreement, cost of contract fill-finish, cost of re-packaging, internal labor to oversee contract repackager, freight, import fees, transit insurance, product liability insurance, cost of procurement function to order bulk Compound, legal fees for packaging review including any intellectual property matters, QA/QC testing cost, inventory cost, FDA or other regulatory authority manufacturing fee for warehousing or other fees, appropriate capitalization and depreciation for fill-finish and repackaging, and all royalties paid by Ocera to Kureha under Section 3.2 hereof or to any Third Parties under Section 3.4 hereof, to (b) Net Sales, with respect to a Product sold by Ocera or its Sublicensee in the Field in the Licensed Territory, with all such amounts being calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied.
1.20    “Information” shall mean all tangible and intangible (a) techniques, technology, practices, trade secrets, inventions (whether patentable or not), methods, knowledge, know-how, skill, experience, clinical and test data and results (including pharmacological, toxicological and clinical test data and results), analytical and quality control data, results or descriptions, software and algorithms and (b) compositions of matter, cells, cell lines, assays, animal models and physical, biological or chemical material.
1.21    “IND” shall mean an Investigational New Drug application (as more fully defined in 21 C.F.R. 312.3 et seq.) and all amendments and supplements thereto filed with the FDA, or the equivalent application filed with any equivalent agency or governmental authority in the Licensed Territory outside the United States of America (including any supra-national agency such as in the European Union).
1.22    “Kureha Improvements” shall mean any improvement, discovery or invention, whether or not patentable, relating to the use or formulation of any Compound, and any Patents and Information that claim or cover such improvement, discovery or invention, that Kureha or any of its Affiliates Controls during the Term and that may be used in the Field.
1.23    “Kureha Indemnitee” shall have the meaning provided in Section 11.2.
1.24    “Kureha Know-How” shall mean Information that Kureha or any of its Affiliates Controls on the Original Effective Date or during the Term, which is necessary or useful to develop, fill and finish, use, distribute, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import or export Compound or Product in the Field in the Licensed Territory or otherwise to practice the Kureha Patents in the Field in the Licensed Territory, including any replication or any part of such Information and any Information relating to Kureha Improvements. Kureha Know‑How excludes the Kureha Patents.
1.25    “Kureha Patents” shall mean all Patents that Kureha or any of its Affiliates Controls as of the Original Effective Date or during the Term, which are necessary or useful to develop, fill and finish, use, distribute, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import or export Compound or Product in the Field in the Licensed Territory, including any Patents claiming any Kureha Improvements. The Kureha Patents include, without limitation, the Patents set forth in Exhibit A hereto.
1.26    “Kureha Technology” shall mean the Kureha Patents and Kureha Know-How.
1.27    “Licensed Territory” shall mean worldwide except Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, Philippines and India.
1.28    “Liver Disease” shall mean any hepatic disease or disorder.
1.29    “Losses” shall have the meaning provided in Section 11.1.
1.30    “Major Country” shall mean France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom or the United States of America.
1.31    “NDA” shall mean a New Drug Application (as more fully defined in 21 C.F.R. 314.5 et seq.) and all amendments and supplements thereto filed with the FDA, or the equivalent application filed with any equivalent agency or governmental authority in the Licensed Territory outside the United States of America (including any supra-national agency such as in the European Union), including all documents, data, and other information concerning a pharmaceutical product which are necessary for gaining Regulatory Approval to market and sell such pharmaceutical product.
1.32    “Net Sales” shall mean the gross amount invoiced for sales of Products by Ocera or its Affiliates or Sublicensees to any Third Party, exclusive of inter-company transfers, less the following items, as allocable to such Product (if not previously deducted from the amount invoiced): (a) trade, quantity or cash discounts actually allowed, including charge back payments, administrative fees, and rebates granted to managed care organizations, purchasers and reimbursers or to trade customers, including but not limited to, wholesalers and chain and pharmacy buying groups; (b) credits actually allowed for claims, allowances for damaged goods, retroactive price reductions or returned goods; (c) returns or rejections of Product and retroactive price reductions; (d) prepaid freight, postage, shipping, customs duties and insurance charges; and (e) sales taxes, value added taxes, duties and other governmental charges, rebates or charge backs actually paid in connection with the sale, to the extent not reimbursed (but excluding income taxes). With regard to Combination Products, the determination of Net Sales as it applies to a Combination Product will be subject to mutual agreement of the parties.
1.33    “New Compound” shall mean any carbon-based adsorbent product (activated carbon) that is not a Compound.
1.34    “New Compound Know-How” shall mean Information that Kureha or any of its Affiliates Controls during the Term, which is necessary or useful to develop, fill and finish, use, distribute, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import or export any New Compound or any product that contains a New Compound in the Field in the Licensed Territory or otherwise to practice the New Compound Patents in the Field in the Licensed Territory, including any replication or any part of such Information. New Compound Know‑How excludes the New Compound Patents.
1.35    “New Compound Patents” shall mean all Patents that Kureha or any of its Affiliates Controls as of the Original Effective Date or during the Term, which are necessary or useful to develop, fill and finish, use, distribute, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import or export any New Compound or any product that contains a New Compound in the Field in the Licensed Territory.
1.36    “Ocera Improvements” shall mean any improvement, discovery or invention, whether or not patentable, relating to the use or formulation of any Compound, and any Patents and Information that claim or cover such improvement, discovery or invention, that Ocera or any of its Affiliates Controls during the Term.
1.37    “Ocera Indemnitee” shall have the meaning provided in Section 11.1.
1.38     “Patents” shall mean (a) patents, re-examinations, reissues, confirmations, extensions (including supplemental protection certificates) and term restorations, and (b) pending applications for patents, including, without limitation, provisional applications, continuations, continuations-in-part, divisional and substitute applications, including, without limitation, inventors’ certificates.
1.39    “Pivotal Trial” shall mean a human Phase III clinical trial that would provide data sufficient to support filing of an NDA.
1.40    “Product” shall mean a product that contains any Compound, including all formulations and modes of administration thereof.
1.41    “Regulatory Approval” shall mean any and all approvals (including pricing and reimbursement approvals, if required), licenses, registrations, or authorizations of any country, federal, supranational, state or local regulatory agency, department, bureau or other government entity that are necessary for the manufacture, use, storage, import, transport and/or sale of a Product in such jurisdiction.
1.42    “Rest of the World” shall mean the entire world excluding the Licensed Territory.
1.43    “Royalty Term” shall mean, on an indication by indication basis, in the case of any Product, in any country in the Licensed Territory, the period of time commencing on the First Commercial Sale in such country and ending upon the earlier of:
(a)    either (i) the expiration in such country of the last-to-expire valid claim of an issued patent within the Kureha Patents covering the composition or use of the Compound or Product (but excluding valid claims of an issued patent within the Kureha Patents that cover only Kureha Improvements, which are subject to the terms of Section 2.6(a), except as noted below) or (ii) the expiration of the applicable time period during which the FDA, or applicable governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Product in any particular country or region in the Licensed Territory, prohibits reference, without the consent of Ocera (or its Sublicensee) as the owner of an NDA for the Product, to the clinical and other data that is contained in such NDA, and that is not published or publicly available outside of such NDA in such country, if later than the date in item (i); or
(b)    when there is Generic Competition in such country.
If after the Royalty Term ends due to item (b) of this Section 1.43 but prior to item (a) occurring, Generic Competition no longer exists, the Royalty Term shall re-commence for the period described in item (a), as long as Gross Margin is and remains at a level equal to or greater than the average Gross Margin level for the six-months immediately prior to the initial entrance of Generic Competition.
With respect to any Product sold for the treatment of IBS only, Section 1.43(a)(i) shall read as follows (in lieu of the language in Section 1.43(a)(i) above): the expiration in such country of the last-to-expire valid claim of an issued patent within the Kureha Patents (including valid claims of an issued patent within the Kureha Patents that cover Kureha Improvements) covering the composition of the Product or use of the Product for the treatment of IBS.
1.44    “Safety Agreement” shall mean Agreement for Procedures for Exchange of Pharmacovigilance Data regarding AST-120 entered between Kureha and Ocera as of March 29, 2006 with respect to procedures for collection and exchange of pharmacovigilance data regarding the Product.
1.45    “Specified Countries” shall mean the United States of America, its territories and possessions, Canada, Mexico, Austria, Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom.
1.46    “Sublicensee” shall mean a Third Party or an Affiliate of Ocera to whom Ocera has granted a sublicense of the right to develop, finish and fill, use, distribute for sale, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import or export Products, beyond the mere right to purchase Product. Sublicensee shall include a Third Party or an Affiliate to whom Ocera's Sublicensee has granted a further sublicense as permitted hereunder.
1.47    “Supply Agreement” shall mean Commercial Manufacture and Supply Agreement entered between Kureha and Ocera as of November 1, 2007 for the supply of Compound by Kureha to Ocera for commercial use for the Field and the Licensed Territory.
1.48    “Term” shall have the meaning provided in Section 10.1.
1.49    “Third Party” shall mean any entity other than Kureha or Ocera or an Affiliate of Kureha or Ocera.
1.50    “Veterinary Licensee” shall have the meaning provided in Section 2.4.
2.
GRANT OF RIGHTS
2.1    License Granted to Ocera.
(a)    Exclusive License. Kureha hereby grants to Ocera, during the Term, an exclusive, royalty‑bearing license, with the right to sublicense, under the Kureha Technology (other than Kureha Improvements) to develop, use, distribute, import and export Compounds and to develop, register, use, distribute, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import and export Products, in each case only in the Field and in the Licensed Territory. Kureha further grants Ocera an exclusive license, with the right to sublicense, to use Kureha Technology (other than Kureha Improvements) to the extent necessary to formulate or have Compounds formulated into bulk Product and package bulk Product into finished Product, solely for sale of Products in the Field and in the Licensed Territory. Without limiting the foregoing, under the license granted under this Section 2.1(a), Kureha hereby grants to Ocera, during the Term, an exclusive right to access, use and reference all clinical data and regulatory filings, correspondence and approvals of Kureha in order to develop, use, distribute, import and export Compounds and to develop, register, use, distribute, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import and export Products, in each case only for the Field and for the Licensed Territory.
(b)    Right to Sublicense. Ocera shall have the right to sublicense (which sublicensing right includes the right to allow such direct sublicensees to further sublicense to any of its Affiliates or to any Third Party) the rights granted under Section 2.1(a) to any of its Affiliates or to any Third Party; provided that such Affiliate or Third Party does not, at the time when such sublicense is granted, manufacture, sell, market or is not developing a Competing Product in the Field in the Licensed Territory (provided that a CKD Licensee that manufactures, sells, markets or is developing a Product shall not be considered a Third Party that manufactures, sells, markets or is developing Competing Product). In the event that Ocera grants a sublicense or its Sublicensee grants a further sublicense to any of its Affiliates or to any Third Party under this Section 2.1(b), Ocera shall timely identify such Sublicensee to Kureha by providing Kureha with such Sublicensee’s name, address, telephone numbers, names of responsible contact persons and thereafter any other information concerning such Sublicensee as reasonably requested by Kureha. Any sublicense granted under this Agreement shall be subject to, and consistent with, the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Ocera shall use commercially reasonable efforts to enforce the terms of any such sublicense. Ocera shall remain responsible for all obligations under this Agreement that have been so sublicensed, and for any action or inaction of Sublicensees. In the event of a material default by any Sublicensee under a sublicense agreement, Ocera shall take such action as necessary or appropriate to cure such default.
2.2    CKD License. If, within 30 months of the Original Effective Date, unless extended by mutual written agreement of Ocera and Kureha, and before Ocera grants a sublicense to a Sublicensee in the Field in the Licensed Territory, Kureha grants a license to a Third Party (the “CKD Licensee”) to develop and commercialize Compounds and Products for treatment of CKD in humans, then prior to Ocera granting such a sublicense, Ocera shall provide the CKD Licensee a one time right of first negotiation to obtain a sublicense with respect to Compounds and Products in the Field in the Licensed Territory. Ocera shall provide written notice to Kureha and/or the CKD Licensee of such proposed sublicense with available information then in Ocera’s possession regarding clinical trials that have been completed by Ocera in order to enable the CKD Licensee to make a reasonable assessment of such proposed sublicense; provided, however that Ocera shall not be required to unblind any blinded clinical trials to supply information with regarding to those trials. The CKD Licensee may also request from Ocera the right to negotiate a sublicense to the Compounds and Products in the Field in the Licensed Territory; provided, however that Ocera shall be under no obligation to negotiate with the CKD Licensee except as provided in the prior sentence. If Ocera and the CKD Licensee fail to reach agreement on the principal financial terms of such a sublicense within 60 days following the date of written notice by Ocera to the CKD Licensee of its willingness to commence negotiations for such proposed sublicense or fail to enter into a written agreement within 90 days following the date of such written notice by Ocera to the CKD Licensee, then Ocera shall be free to grant sublicenses to one or more Sublicensees in the Field in the Licensed Territory with no further obligation to the CKD Licensee. For clarification, if Kureha has not entered into a license agreement with a CKD Licensee to develop and commercialize Compounds and Products for treatment of CKD in humans, then Ocera shall be free to grant sublicenses to one or more Sublicensees in the Field in the Licensed Territory. In the event that Kureha or any of its Affiliates has not entered into a license for treatment of CKD in humans in the Licensed Territory Ocera may provide written notice to Kureha that Ocera would like to negotiate with Kureha the right to include CKD in the Field and Kureha agrees to discuss in good faith with Ocera the possibility of Kureha granting Ocera such rights.
2.3    Commercially Reasonable Efforts. Ocera, agrees that it and, as applicable, its Sublicensees, shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to pursue development and commercialization of Products in the Field in the U.S. and in such other portion of the Licensed Territory as Ocera deems appropriate. Ocera acknowledges Kureha’s preference that Ocera and, as applicable, its Sublicensees, develop and commercialize Products in the Field in the Major Countries. Ocera will keep Kureha informed of development and commercialization activities with respect to the Compound and Products in the Field in the Licensed Territory by providing Kureha a written summary of such activities every 6 months. Additionally, every 12 months, Ocera will make a full presentation to Kureha regarding such development and commercialization activities and plans for three consecutive years starting on the Effective Date.
2.4    Use of Trademarks Outside the Field; Veterinary Uses of Product. If (a) Ocera or its Sublicensees decides to use a trademark, trade name or trade dress in connection with the commercialization of Products in the Field in the Licensed Territory and provides written notice to Kureha of use of such trademark, trade name or trade dress, and (b) any Third Party to whom Kureha grants any license or right to develop or commercialize the Products outside the Field in the Licensed Territory has not decided, at the time of receipt by Kureha of such written notice, to use such trademark, trade name or trade dress in connection with the commercialization of Products outside of the Field in the Licensed Territory, Kureha will without delay notify such Third Party that, according to the notice provided by Ocera to Kureha, Ocera or its Sublicensee plans to use such trademark, trade name or trade dress in connection with the Products in the Field in the Licensed Territory. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Kureha shall not be responsible for any action or inaction of such Third Party. In addition, in any term sheet or agreement regarding the granting by Kureha to a Third Party (“Veterinary Licensee”) of any license or right to develop or commercialize Compounds and Products for veterinary use, Kureha will expressly state that Kureha has separately granted a license for certain human therapeutic uses to another party and that Kureha is not granting any rights to the Veterinary Licensee, to develop, make, have made, use, offer for sale, sell, market, distribute or import Compound for any human therapeutic indications in the Field in the Licensed Territory.
2.5    Right to Negotiate Expansion of the Field. Kureha acknowledges Ocera’s interest in receiving a license from Kureha for human therapeutic uses of the Compound and Product outside of the Field and other than for treatment of CKD. If Kureha decides to grant a license to develop and commercialize Compounds and Products for treatment outside of the Field and other than for treatment of CKD in humans in the Licensed Territory, it will without delay provide written notice to Ocera and will take into account Ocera’s interest in obtaining the license. If Kureha decides to grant such license to a Third Party, Kureha will consider the impact of granting such license to such Third Party on Ocera’s license in the Field and the Licensed Territory under this Agreement.
2.6    Cross‑License to Improvements; Disclosure.
(a)    Kureha. Kureha hereby grants to Ocera an exclusive, royalty‑free, fully‑paid license, with the right to sublicense, to practice the Kureha Improvements to develop, use, distribute, import and export Compounds and to develop, register, use, distribute, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import and export Products, in each case only in the Field and in the Licensed Territory. Kureha further grants Ocera an exclusive, royalty‑free, fully‑paid license, with the right to sublicense, to use Kureha Improvements to the extent necessary to formulate or have Compounds formulated into bulk Product and package bulk Product into finished Product, solely for sale of Products in the Field and in the Licensed Territory. From time to time, at least semi-annually, during the Term and as set forth in Section 7.1, Kureha shall disclose to Ocera Kureha Technology, including, without limitation, Kureha Improvements and all clinical data and regulatory filings, correspondence and approvals of Kureha, in order to allow Ocera to exercise fully the licenses granted to Ocera in the Field and the Licensed Territory under this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Kureha has obtained rights to any Kureha Improvements from any Third Party and would be obligated to make any payment to such Third Party for the practice of such Kureha Improvements in the Field and in the Licensed Territory, then Ocera will be responsible for making such payment to Kureha (who will be obligated to forward such payment to such Third Party) to the extent that Ocera or any of its Sublicensees choose to practice such Kureha Improvements in the Field and in the Licensed Territory. The foregoing notwithstanding, Kureha shall have no obligation whatsoever to conduct or engage in any further research, development, testing, experimentation, clinical trials or otherwise or prepare and file for any regulatory approvals or other related activities concerning the Compounds or Products following the Effective Date, except the reproductive and developmental toxicity studies which Kureha plans to conduct and except as relates to Compound manufacturing if required by the FDA, or applicable governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Product in any particular country or region in the Licensed Territory.
(b)    Ocera. Ocera hereby grants to Kureha an exclusive, royalty‑free, fully‑paid license, with the right to sublicense, to practice the Ocera Improvements to develop, use, distribute, import and export Compounds and to develop, register, use, distribute, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import and export Products, in all fields other than the Field in the Licensed Territory and in all fields including the Field in the Rest of the World. Ocera further grants Kureha an exclusive, royalty‑free, fully‑paid license, with the right to sublicense, to use Ocera Improvements to the extent necessary to formulate or have Compounds formulated into bulk Product and package bulk Product into finished Product, solely for sale of Products in all fields other than the Field in the Licensed Territory and in all fields including the Field in the Rest of the World. From time to time during the Term, Ocera shall disclose to Kureha Ocera Improvements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Ocera has obtained rights to any Ocera Improvements from any Third Party and would be obligated to make any payment to such Third Party for the practice of such Ocera Improvements in the all fields other than the Field in the Licensed Territory and in all fields including the Field in the Rest of the World, then Kureha will be responsible for making such payment to such Third Party to the extent that it or any of its Affiliates or sublicensees choose to practice such Ocera Improvements in the all fields other than the Field in the Licensed Territory and in the all fields including the Field in the Rest of the World.
2.7    No Implied Licenses. No right or license under any Patents or Information of either party is granted or shall be granted by implication. All such rights or licenses are or shall be granted only as expressly provided in this Agreement.
2.8    Non‑Competition.
(a)    Ocera. Ocera shall, and shall cause any of its Affiliates to, refrain from manufacturing, developing, marketing or selling any Competing Product for use in the Field in the Licensed Territory, to the extent permitted under applicable law. Ocera shall impose a similar obligation on all of its Sublicensees, to the extent permitted by applicable law, and if Ocera becomes aware of the Sublicensee’s breach of such obligation, Ocera shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to cause the Sublicensee to cure such breach or shall terminate the sublicense agreement with the Sublicensee; provided, however that in no event will Ocera incur liability to Kureha for money damages for the Sublicensee’s breach of such obligation.
(b)    Kureha. Kureha shall, and shall cause any of its Affiliates to, refrain from manufacturing, developing, marketing or selling any Competing Product for use in the Field in the Licensed Territory, to the extent permitted by applicable law; provided, however, that if this Agreement is terminated before December 31, 2022, this non-competition obligation of Kureha shall survive until December 31, 2022 so long as Kureha continues to be the exclusive supplier of the Compound to Ocera and its Sublicensees. Kureha intends to impose on all of its licensees within the Licensed Territory of rights to Compound, to the extent permitted by applicable law, an obligation to refrain from manufacturing, developing, marketing or selling any Competing Product (or its equivalent) for use in their respective fields and territories within the Licensed Territory.
2.9    Rights to License New Compounds. Ocera will have a first right to negotiate a license agreement with Kureha for rights to develop, use, distribute, import and export any New Compound and to develop, register, use, distribute, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import and export product containing such New Compound in the Field in the Licensed Territory, if Kureha or any of its Affiliates discovers or obtains Control of any New Compound. If Kureha or any of its Affiliates discovers or obtains Control of any New Compound, Kureha will provide written notice to Ocera, and, if Ocera provides written notice to Kureha of its interest in such New Compound within 30 days after Ocera receives such notice from Kureha, Kureha will negotiate in good faith with Ocera the terms of such license on terms mutually acceptable to the parties during the 60‑day period following such notice. If Ocera and Kureha fail to reach agreement on the principal financial terms of such a license within 60 days following the commencement of negotiations or fail to enter into a written agreement within 90 days following commencement of negotiations, then Kureha shall be free to grant a license to a Third Party to develop and commercialize such New Compound and products containing such New Compound on terms no more favorable to the licensee than those terms last proposed by Kureha to Ocera. If Kureha intends to offer such license to a Third Party on terms more favorable to the licensee than those terms last proposed by Kureha to Ocera, Kureha shall first offer such more favorable terms to Ocera.
3.
FEES AND PAYMENTS
3.1    Milestone Payments. Within 30 days following the first occurrence of each of the events set forth below with respect to a Product for a specific indication, Ocera shall pay to Kureha the milestone payment set forth below (whether such milestone is achieved by Ocera or any of its Sublicensees):
Milestone Event for First GI Indication
Milestone Payment
Initiation (first dosing) of Pivotal Trial in first Major Country
[*]
NDA submission in first Major Country
[*]
NDA approval in first Major Country(1)
[*]
 
 
Milestone Event for Second GI Indication
Milestone Payment
Initiation (first dosing) of Pivotal Trial in first Major Country
[*]
NDA submission in first Major Country
[*]
NDA approval in first Major Country(1)
[*]
 
 
Milestone Event for Third GI Indication
Milestone Payment
Initiation (first dosing) of Pivotal Trial in first Major Country
[*]
NDA submission in first Major Country
[*]
NDA approval in first Major Country(1)
[*]
 
 
Milestone Event for Liver Indication
Milestone Payment
Initiation (first dosing) of Pivotal Trial in first Major Country
[*]
NDA submission in first Major Country
[*]
NDA approval in first Major Country(1)
[*]
 
 
(1)    In the event that the first NDA is approved in any Major Country in which a separate governmental pricing approval for health insurance reimbursement is required in addition to NDA approval, Ocera shall pay [*] of the applicable milestone payment upon approval of the NDA in such Major Country and the remaining [*] upon such pricing approval in such Major Country.
*Confidential Information has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Confidential treatment has been requested.
Each of the milestone payments described in this Section 3.1 shall be payable only one time for the first occurrence of the applicable event. All payments made to Kureha pursuant to this Section 3.1 are non-refundable and may not be credited against any other payments payable by Ocera to Kureha under this Agreement.
3.2    Royalties. During the Royalty Term, Ocera shall pay to Kureha royalties on Net Sales of Products in the Field in the Licensed Territory at the following rates (subject to Section 3.3):
(a)    [*] of that portion of total annual Net Sales of Products in the Field in the Licensed Territory that is less than or equal to [*];
(b)    [*] of that portion of total annual Net Sales of Products in the Field in the Licensed Territory that is greater than [ * ] and less than or equal to [ * ]; and
(c)    [*] of that portion of total annual Net Sales of Products in the Field in the Licensed Territory that is greater than [ * ].
The obligation to pay Kureha royalties shall continue throughout the Royalty Term, including any period of re-commencement of the Royalty Term due to disappearance of Generic Competition as provided in Section 1.43. Notwithstanding Section 12.8, if required by applicable antitrust law or competition law, above mentioned royalty rates shall be amended to the maximum extent acceptable in compliance with requirements under such applicable antitrust law or competition law.
3.3    Royalty Reduction. If the Gross Margin for sales of Products of Ocera or any of its Sublicensees for any Calendar Quarter is less than [*], then the royalties payable to Kureha set forth in Section 3.2 above shall be reduced for such quarter to the extent required to cause Ocera or its Sublicensee to recognize a Gross Margin of no less than [*] for such quarter. However, under no circumstances shall the royalties payable to Kureha as set forth in Section 3.2 above be reduced below [*].
3.4    Royalty Credit. On a Product-by-Product basis, if (i) a claim is made, or Ocera or its Sublicensees have reason to believe that a claim may be made, against Ocera or its Sublicensees for infringement of any intellectual property rights of a Third Party (which such Third Party has rights to enforce in the Field in the applicable country in the Licensed Territory in which such claim is or may be made) due to Ocera or its Sublicensees practicing the Kureha Technology, (ii) access to such Third Party intellectual property rights is essential for manufacturing, developing or commercializing any Product, and (iii) a separate license to Ocera or its Sublicensees from such Third Party is required in order to allow Ocera or its Sublicensees to continue manufacturing, developing or commercializing any Product, Ocera shall have the right to reduce any amount of royalty otherwise due Kureha hereunder by the amount of royalty actually paid by Ocera or any of its Sublicensees to such Third Party under any such license granted by such Third Party; provided, however, that Ocera shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to minimize such royalty paid to any Third Party and provided, further that in no event shall the royalties due to Kureha for any Product in any Calendar Quarter be reduced to less than one-half of the payment otherwise due to Kureha hereunder for such Product in such country and in no event shall the royalties due to Kureha as set forth in Section 3.2 above be reduced below [*].
*Confidential Information has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Confidential treatment has been requested.
3.5    Additional Payments.
(c)    Kureha and Ocera acknowledge that Ocera paid to Kureha an upfront fee of US$1,5000,000 within 30 days after the Original Effective Date.
(d)    Additionally, Ocera will pay to Kureha a non-refundable, non-creditable one-time payment equal to [ * ] at the time of first positive Phase III trial (No. AST001) result, which enables Ocera to initiate the Pivotal Trial in such indication; provided, however, that Ocera shall notify Kureha of the result of such Phase III trial (No. AST001) and Ocera’s decision whether such result enables Ocera to initiate the Pivotal Trial in such indication (the “Ocera Notice”) by 5:00 p.m. San Diego time on March 28, 2008. Such payment shall be made by Ocera to Kureha within thirty (30) days after the date of invoice for such payment from Kureha if the Ocera Notice indicates that Ocera has determined to initiate the Pivotal Trial of such indication as noted above. Further, additionally, Ocera will pay Kureha [*] of each milestone payment, if any, received by Ocera from each Sublicensee for achievement of a milestone event with regard to Sublicensee’s activities in the Licensed Territory other than Specified Countries. Such payments shall be made by Ocera to Kureha within thirty (30) days after Ocera receives each milestone payment from such Sublicensee.
4.
PAYMENT; RECORDS; AUDITS
4.1    Payment; Reports. All payments due to Kureha under this Agreement shall be paid within 45 days of the end of each Calendar Quarter, unless otherwise specifically provided herein. Each payment shall be accompanied by a report of Net Sales of Products by Ocera and its Sublicensees in sufficient detail to permit confirmation of the accuracy of the payment made, including, without limitation and on a country-by-country basis, the number of Products sold, the gross sales, Net Sales, the deductions made in calculating Net Sales as provided in Section 1.32 (including discounts, administrative fees, rebates, credits and returns) and Gross Margin. In addition, Ocera shall provide its method and process for calculating the same. Ocera shall keep, and shall cause its Sublicensees to keep, complete and accurate records pertaining to the sale or other disposition of Products in sufficient detail to permit Kureha to confirm the accuracy of all payments due hereunder.
4.2    Exchange Rate; Manner and Place of Payment. All payments hereunder shall be payable in U.S. dollars. When conversion of payments from any foreign currency is required, such conversion shall be at an exchange rate equal to the weighted average of the rates of exchange for the currency of the country where such Net Sales occurred as published by The Wall Street Journal, Eastern U.S. Edition, during the Calendar Quarter for which a payment is due. All payments owed under this Agreement shall be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to a bank and account designated in writing by Kureha, unless otherwise specified in writing by Kureha.

*Confidential Information has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Confidential treatment has been requested.
4.3    Income Tax Withholding. Kureha will pay any and all taxes levied on account of any payments made to it under this Agreement. If any taxes are required to be withheld by Ocera, Ocera will (a) deduct such taxes from the payment made to Kureha, (b) timely pay the taxes to the proper taxing authority, and (c) send proof of payment to Kureha and certify its receipt by the taxing authority within 30 days following such payment.
4.4    Audits. During the Term and for a period of three years thereafter, Ocera shall keep and shall cause its Sublicensees to keep complete and accurate records pertaining to the sale or other disposition of Products in sufficient detail to permit Kureha to confirm the accuracy of all royalty payments due hereunder. Ocera shall permit and cause its Sublicensees to permit Kureha to cause an independent, certified public accountant reasonably acceptable to Ocera and its Sublicensees to audit such records of Ocera and its Sublicensees to confirm Net Sales, Gross Margin and royalty payments for a period covering not more than the three years preceding the date the applicable payment was made. Such audits may be exercised during normal business hours upon a minimum of 60 days prior written notice to Ocera, but no more than frequently than once per year. Prompt adjustments shall be made by the parties to reflect the results of such audit. Kureha shall bear the full cost of such audit unless such audit discloses an underpayment by Ocera of more than 5% of the amount of royalty payments due under this Agreement, in which case, Ocera shall bear the full cost of such audit and shall promptly remit to Kureha the amount of any underpayment.
5.
SUPPLY OF COMPOUND
5.1    Exclusive Supplier. Ocera shall exclusively purchase and have its Sublicensees exclusively purchase Compound during the Term, except as otherwise agreed between the parties in writing.
5.2    Supply Agreement. Kureha shall supply Ocera with Compound and Ocera shall purchase Compound from Kureha for commercial use in accordance with the Supply Agreement.
5.3    Clinical Supply. Kureha shall supply Ocera with Compound and Ocera shall purchase Compound from Kureha for clinical use in accordance with the Clinical Supply Agreement.
6.
ADVERSE EVENTS
6.1    Collection and Exchange of Pharmacovigilance Data. Ocera shall, and shall require its Sublicensees to, collect information of adverse events believed to be related to any Product in the Field in the Licensed Territory to the extent required by applicable laws, rules or regulations. Kureha shall, and shall require its licensees and their sublicensees to, collect information of adverse events believed to be related to any Product in all fields other than the Field in the Licensed Territory and in all fields including the Field in the Rest of the World to the extent required by applicable laws, rules or regulations. Information on such adverse events which has been collected pursuant to this Section 6.1 and may require immediate safety measures (such as special information/warnings to the medical profession, patients, authorities or withdrawal of the Product) shall be reported to the other party hereof without delay after having become known. The same shall apply in case of reports on adverse events being both serious and related to any Product. Kureha and Ocera shall carry out collection and exchange of pharmacovigilance data regarding the Product in accordance with the Safety Agreement.
7.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
7.1    Patent Prosecution and Maintenance. Kureha shall be responsible for prosecution and maintenance of all Kureha Patents, at Kureha’s expense, and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain and prosecute the Kureha Patents in the Licensed Territory during the Term. Kureha shall decide strategies for prosecuting the Kureha Patents in the Licensed Territory by considering in good faith Kureha’s corporate interests and taking into account the reasonable requests and suggestions of Ocera with respect to such strategies. Kureha shall keep Ocera informed of progress with regard to the prosecution and maintenance of the Kureha Patents by providing Ocera copies of official actions, amendments and responses by facsimile or otherwise, within 10 business days of receipt by Kureha, as applicable, of such action, amendment or response, with respect to such prosecution and maintenance. At least every six months during the Term, Kureha will provide Ocera with a written report detailing Kureha Improvements and activities related to the Kureha Patents including, but not limited to, patent filings and office actions. In the event that Kureha desires to abandon any Kureha Patent in the Licensed Territory, Kureha shall provide reasonable prior written notice to Ocera of such intention to abandon and provide Ocera an opportunity to discuss with Kureha the possibility of assuming responsibility for such Kureha Patent. If Kureha agrees that Ocera assumes responsibility for any Kureha Patent, such Patent shall be assigned to Ocera on conditions agreed to between the parties and shall no longer be included in the Kureha Patents subject to this Agreement.
7.2    Patent Term Restoration. The parties shall cooperate in obtaining patent term restoration or supplemental protection certificates or their equivalents in any country where applicable to Kureha Patents. If elections with respect to obtaining such patent term restoration are to be made in the Licensed Territory, Ocera shall have the right to make the election to seek patent term restoration or supplemental protection and Kureha shall abide by such election. If elections with respect to obtaining such patent term restoration are to be made in the Rest of the World, Kureha shall have the sole right to make the election to seek patent term restoration or supplemental protection.
7.3    Infringement by Third Parties. Kureha and Ocera shall promptly notify the other in writing of any alleged or threatened infringement of any Kureha Patent of which they become aware. Both parties shall use their commercially reasonable efforts in cooperating with each other to terminate such infringement without litigation. Kureha shall have the first right to bring and control any action or proceeding with respect to infringement of any of the Kureha Patents, including, without limitation, any action or proceeding filed in connection with an abbreviated new drug application filed by a Third Party, in the Licensed Territory at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and Ocera shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice. If Kureha fails to bring an action or proceeding within (a) 120 days following the notice of alleged infringement or (b) 10 days before the time limit, if any, set forth in the appropriate laws and regulations for the filing of such actions, whichever comes first, Ocera shall have the right to bring and control any such action at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and Kureha shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice. In the event that a party brings, or wishes to bring, an infringement action, the other party shall cooperate fully (including, if legally required to bring such action, joining as a party to such action or furnishing of a power of attorney); provided that the costs incurred by the other party for such cooperation (including reasonable attorney's fees) shall be borne by the party who wishes to bring such action. The party that brings and controls such action or proceeding shall keep the other parties updated regarding the status and costs of such action or proceeding. In no event shall either party admit the invalidity of, or after exercising its right to bring and control an action under this Section 7.3, fail to defend the validity of, any Kureha Patent without the other party’s prior written consent. Neither party shall have the right to settle any patent infringement litigation under this Section 7.3 relating to any Kureha Patent without the prior written consent of the other party, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. Except as otherwise agreed by the parties as part of a cost-sharing arrangement, any recovery obtained by either party in connection with or as a result of any action contemplated by Sections 7.3, whether by settlement or otherwise, shall be shared in order as follows: (i) the party that initiated and prosecuted the action shall recoup all of its costs and expenses incurred in connection with the action; (ii) the other party shall then, to the extent possible, recover its costs and expenses incurred in connection with the action; (iii) any remaining amounts after such reimbursement of the parties’ costs and expenses that are attributable to lost sales or lost profits with respect to Products shall be treated as Net Sales of Products for purposes of this Agreement; and (iv) any other remaining amounts after such reimbursement of the parties’ costs and expenses shall belong to the party that brought and controlled such action.
7.4    Infringement of Third Party Rights. Each party shall promptly notify the other in writing of any allegation by a Third Party that the activity of either of the parties pursuant to this Agreement infringes or may infringe the intellectual property rights of such Third Party. Kureha shall have the sole right to control any defense of any such claim involving alleged infringement of Third Party rights by Kureha’s activities at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and Ocera shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice. Ocera shall have the sole right to control any defense of any such claim involving alleged infringement of Third Party rights by Ocera’s activities at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and Kureha shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice. Neither party shall have the right to settle any patent infringement litigation under this Section 7.4 in a manner that diminishes the rights or interests of the other party without the written consent of such other party, which shall not be unreasonably withheld.
8.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
8.1    Mutual Representations and Warranties. Each party represents and warrants to the other that: (a) it is duly organized and validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation, and has full corporate or other power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out the provisions hereof; (b) it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder, and the person or persons executing this Agreement on its behalf has been duly authorized to do so by all requisite corporate or partnership action; and (c) this Agreement is legally binding upon it, enforceable in accordance with its terms, and does not conflict with any agreement, instrument or understanding, oral or written, to which it is a party or by which it may be bound, nor violate any material law or regulation of any court, governmental body or administrative or other agency having jurisdiction over it.
8.2    Kureha Representations and Warranties. Kureha represents and warrants to Ocera that, as of the Effective Date and the Original Effective Date:
(c)    Kureha has the right, power and authority to grant the licenses contemplated under this Agreement.
(d)    To Kureha’s actual knowledge, the practice of the Kureha Technology to develop, manufacture or commercialize Compounds or Products in the Field in the Licensed Territory does not infringe any issued Patents of any Third Party, and Kureha has received no notice, and is not aware of any threat or claim, of infringement or misappropriation of any alleged rights asserted by any Third Party in relation to the Kureha Technology.
(e)    To Kureha’s actual knowledge, the Kureha Patents in existence on the Effective Date are valid and enforceable, other than as communicated to Ocera, and Kureha is not aware of any Patent owned or controlled by a Third Party with claims that dominate (in whole or in part) the claims of the Kureha Patents.
(f)    All inventors (i) of any inventions claimed by the Kureha Patents and (ii) named as inventors in such Kureha Patents, who were Kureha employees at the time such invention was made, have assigned their entire right, title and interest in and to such inventions and the corresponding Kureha Patents to Kureha, and, to Kureha’s knowledge, no person, other than those persons named as inventors in any Kureha Patents, is an inventor of the invention(s) claimed in such Kureha Patents.
(g)    Kureha has not received written notice concerning the institution or possible institution of any interference, reexamination, reissue, revocation or nullification proceeding involving any Kureha Patents.
(h)    Kureha has provided all material information regarding the Compound in Kureha’s and its Affiliates’ possession that Ocera has requested, and, to Kureha’s actual knowledge, there is no other material information regarding the Compound and Kureha Know-How in Kureha’s and its Affiliates’ possession, except for manufacturing know-how for the Compound. To Kureha’s actual knowledge, such information is true and accurate in all material respect.
8.3    Disclaimer. Except as expressly set forth herein, THE TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROVIDED BY EACH PARTY HEREUNDER ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND EACH PARTY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE WARRANTIES OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES, OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICES, IN ALL CASES WITH RESPECT THERETO. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each party expressly does not warrant (a) the success of any Compound or Product or (b) the safety or usefulness for any purpose of the technology it provides hereunder.
8.4    Limitation of Liability. NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM THE OTHER PARTY ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY LICENSE GRANTED HEREUNDER; provided, however, that this Section 8.4 shall not be construed to limit either party’s indemnification obligations under Section 11.2 or right to seek damages for breach of Section 9.
9.
CONFIDENTIALITY
9.1    Confidential Information. Except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement or otherwise agreed in writing by the parties, the parties agree that, during the Term and for 10 years thereafter, the receiving party shall keep confidential and shall not publish or otherwise disclose and shall not use for any purpose other than as expressly provided for in this Agreement any Information furnished to it by the other party pursuant to this Agreement or any Information developed by the other party hereunder (collectively, “Confidential Information”). Each party may use such Confidential Information only to the extent required to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement. Each party will use at least the same standard of care as it uses to protect proprietary or confidential information of its own to ensure that its employees, agents, consultants and other representatives do not disclose or make any unauthorized use of the Confidential Information. Each party will promptly notify the other upon discovery of any unauthorized use or disclosure of the Confidential Information.
9.2    Exceptions. Confidential Information shall not include any information which the receiving party can prove by competent written evidence: (a) is now, or hereafter becomes, through no act or failure to act on the part of the receiving party, generally known or available; (b) is known by the receiving party at the time of receiving such information, as evidenced by its records; (c) is hereafter furnished to the receiving party by a Third Party, as a matter of right and without restriction on disclosure; or (d) is independently discovered or developed by the receiving party without the use of Confidential Information belonging to the disclosing party.
9.3    Authorized Disclosure. Each party may disclose Confidential Information belonging to the other party to the extent such disclosure is reasonably necessary in the following instances:
(a)    filing or prosecuting Patents as permitted by this Agreement (subject to prior written consent of the party to whom the Confidential Information belongs);
(b)    regulatory filings for Products such party has a license or right to develop hereunder;
(c)    prosecuting or defending litigation as permitted by this Agreement;
(d)    complying with applicable court orders or governmental regulations;
(e)    in the case of Ocera, conducting development and/or commercialization activities in accordance with the licenses granted under Sections 2.1 and 2.6(a) consistent with normal business practices; and
(f)    disclosure to Affiliates, licensees or sublicensees, employees, consultants and agents in connection with performance of activities contemplated by this Agreement or to other Third Parties in connection with due diligence or similar investigations by such Third, including, without limitation, disclosure to potential Third Party investors in confidential financing documents, provided, in each case, that any such Affiliate, licensee or sublicensee, employee, consultant, agent or Third Party agrees to be bound by similar terms of confidentiality and non-use at least equivalent in scope to those set forth in this Article 9.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event a party is required to make a disclosure of the other party’s Confidential Information pursuant to Sections 9.3(c) or (d), it will, except where impracticable, give reasonable advance notice to the other party of such disclosure and use efforts to secure confidential treatment of such information at least as diligent as such party would use to protect its own confidential information, but in no event less than reasonable efforts. In any event, the parties agree to take all reasonable action to avoid disclosure of Confidential Information hereunder. The parties will consult with each other on the provisions of this Agreement to be redacted in any filings made by the parties with the Securities and Exchange Commission or as otherwise required by applicable laws, rules or regulations.
9.4    Publications. Each party to this Agreement recognizes that the publication of papers regarding results of and other information regarding research or development activities with respect to Compounds and Products, including oral presentations and abstracts, may be beneficial to both parties provided such publications are subject to reasonable controls to protect Confidential Information. Accordingly, a party proposing the publication shall give the other party the opportunity to review and comment on any material proposed for publication, such as by oral presentation, manuscript or abstract, which includes Confidential Information of the other party. Before any such material is submitted for publication, the party proposing publication shall deliver a complete copy to the other party at least 45 days prior to submitting the material to a publisher or initiating any other disclosure. Such other party shall review any such material and give its comments to the party proposing publication within 30 days of the delivery of such material to such other party. With respect to oral presentation materials and abstracts, such other party shall make reasonable efforts to expedite review of such materials and abstracts, and shall return such items as soon as practicable to the party proposing publication with appropriate comments, if any, but in no event later than 30 days from the date of delivery to the non-publishing party. The party proposing publication shall comply with the other party’s request to delete references to the Confidential Information in any such material and agrees to delay any submission for publication or other public disclosure for a period of up to an additional 90 days for the purpose of preparing and filing appropriate patent applications.
9.5    Publicity. It is understood that the parties intend to coordinate the issuance of press releases announcing the execution of this Agreement and agree that each party may desire or be required to issue subsequent press releases relating to the Agreement or activities thereunder. The parties agree to consult with each other reasonably and in good faith with respect to the text and timing of such press releases prior to the issuance thereof, provided that a party may not unreasonably withhold consent to such releases and shall provide comments on such releases within five days of receipt, and that either party may issue such press releases as it determines, based on advice of counsel, are reasonably necessary to comply with laws or regulations or for appropriate market disclosure. In addition, following the initial press releases announcing this Agreement, either party shall be free to disclose, without the other party’s prior written consent, the existence of this Agreement, the identity of the other party and those terms of the Agreement which have already been publicly disclosed in accordance herewith.
10.
TERM AND TERMINATION
10.1    Term. The term of this Agreement (the “Term”) shall commence on the Effective Date and continue until expiration of the Royalty Term in all countries in the Licensed Territory, unless earlier terminated in accordance with Section 10.2. After the expiration of this Agreement, on a country‑by‑country basis, in the Licensed Territory, Ocera will retain the license granted under Section 2.1, on condition that such license shall be fully paid-up and royalty-free, and the licenses granted under Section 2.6 will remain in effect. Kureha and Ocera agree that the Original Agreement is amended and restated in its entirety as set forth in this Agreement as of the Effective Date. The parties acknowledge that (a) references in this Agreement to Licensed Territory shall include countries that were not within the definition of Licensed Territory or Clinical Trial Territory under the Original Agreement only on and after the Effective Date, and (b) the Original Agreement was in effect from the Original Effective Date until the Effective Date of this Agreement.
10.2    Termination.
(g)    Termination for Cause. Each party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement upon written notice to the other party without any grace period upon the occurrence of item (i) below, or upon 60 days’ prior written notice to the other party upon the occurrence of item (ii) below:
(i)    Upon or after the bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of the other party (other than a dissolution or winding up for the purpose of reconstruction or amalgamation); or
(ii)    Upon or after the breach of any material provision of this Agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured such breach within the 60-day period following written notice of termination by the non-breaching party.
However, if a party receives a written notice of termination notifying that it is in breach of a material provision of this Agreement, and, within 15 days after receipt of such notice of breach, such party in good faith disputes such allegation of breach, then such dispute shall be resolved under the procedures set forth in Section 12.1 below, in which case neither this Agreement nor the Supply Agreement shall be terminated and shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with their terms pending resolution in accordance with Section 12.1.
(h)    Termination by Ocera. Ocera shall have the right to terminate this agreement for any reason upon 90 days’ prior written notice to Kureha.
(i)    Termination by Kureha. If (i) Ocera makes an assignment or other transfer of its rights and obligations under this Agreement through a sale of all or substantially all of its business by way of merger, sale of stock, sale of assets or other similar transaction with any Third Party that manufactures, sells, markets or is developing a Competing Product in the Field in the Licensed Territory, (ii) Ocera does not obtain Kureha’s prior written consent as required by Section 12.6 and (iii) either (1) such Third Party does not agree in writing to divest of such Competing Product or (2) such Third Party agrees in writing to divest of such Competing Product but fails to consummate such within 6 months after the closing of the transaction between Ocera and such Third Party, then Kureha shall have the right to terminate this Agreement immediately upon written notice to Ocera.
10.3    Effect of Termination; Surviving Obligations.
(a)    Upon termination of this Agreement by Ocera pursuant to Section 10.2(a):
(i)    all rights under the license granted by Kureha to Ocera under Sections 2.1 and 2.6(a) shall automatically terminate and revert to Kureha, and all rights under the license granted by Ocera to Kureha under Section 2.6(b) shall automatically terminate and revert to Ocera;
(ii)    all Kureha Know-How shall be returned to Kureha and all Ocera Improvements shall be returned to Ocera within 60 days of such termination; and
(iii)    any permitted sublicenses granted under Sections 2.1 and 2.6(a) by Ocera shall automatically terminate and revert to Kureha.
(b)    Upon termination of this Agreement by Kureha pursuant to Sections 10.2(a) or 10.2(c), or by Ocera pursuant to Section 10.2(b):
(i)    all rights under the license granted by Kureha to Ocera under Sections 2.1 and 2.6(a) shall automatically terminate and revert to Kureha;
(ii)    any permitted sublicenses granted under Sections 2.1 and 2.6(a) by Ocera shall remain in effect, but shall be assigned to Kureha; provided, however, that (x) if Kureha reasonably determines that the key terms of any of such sublicenses are significantly less favorable to Kureha than, and/or materially different from those of this Agreement, then Kureha shall have an opportunity, after the assignment of the sublicense, to renegotiate such terms with the Sublicensee in good faith; and (y) should Kureha and the Sublicensee fail to agree on such terms within a reasonable period of time, then Kureha shall have the right to terminate the sublicense.
(iii)    all rights under the license granted by Ocera to Kureha under Section 2.6(b) shall automatically terminate and revert to Ocera; provided, however, that only in case of termination of this Agreement by Kureha pursuant to Section 10.2(a) or 10.2(c), all rights under the license granted by Ocera to Kureha under Section 2.6(b) shall remain in effect;
(iv)    all Kureha Know-How shall be returned to Kureha within 60 days of such termination; and all Ocera Improvements shall be returned to Ocera within 60 days of such termination except to the extent that Kureha retains a license under Section 2.6(b) as provided in Section 10.3(b)(iii); and
(v)    Kureha shall have the option to acquire from Ocera (with the right to license or sublicense) in accordance with reasonable terms to be mutually agreed to, all Regulatory Approvals, clinical data, and promotional, advertising, marketing and distribution rights or contracts for the Compound and/or Products that are Controlled by Ocera, and Ocera will use commercially reasonable efforts to have its Sublicensee agree to a provision comparable to this Section 10.3(b)(v) that would apply to such Sublicensee if such Sublicensee becomes a direct licensee of Kureha and the license to such Sublicensee is terminated by the Sublicensee as provided in Section 10.2(b) or by Kureha as provided in Sections 10.2(a) or 10.2(c), with references to Ocera in Sections 10.2(a), 10.2(b) and 10.2(c) being deemed to refer to such Sublicensee.
(c)    Following the expiration of the Term under Section 10.1, Ocera will retain the licenses granted to it under Section 2, except that all such licenses shall be fully paid and irrevocable, and Kureha will retain the license granted to it under Section 2.6(b), which shall be fully paid and irrevocable.
(d)    Expiration or termination of this Agreement shall not relieve the parties of any obligation accruing prior to such expiration or termination. Except as otherwise provided herein, the provisions of Section 1, 4.4, 8.3, 8.4, 9, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 11 and 12 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. In addition, Section 10.1 shall survive any expiration of this Agreement. Termination of this Agreement shall not limit any other rights and remedies of the parties.
(e)    Within 30 days following the expiration or termination of this Agreement, except to the extent and for so long as a party retains license rights under Sections 10.3(a) or (b), each party shall deliver to the other party any and all Confidential Information of the other party in its possession.
10.4    Exercise of Right to Terminate. The use by either party hereto of a termination right provided for under this Agreement shall not give rise to the payment of damages or any other form of compensation or relief to the other party with respect thereto.
10.5    Damages; Relief. Subject to Section 10.4 above, termination of this Agreement shall not preclude either party from claiming any other damages, compensation or relief that it may be entitled to upon such termination.
10.6    Rights in Bankruptcy. All rights and licenses granted under or pursuant to this Agreement by Ocera or Kureha are, and will otherwise be deemed to be, for purposes of Section 365(n) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, licenses of right to “intellectual property” as defined under Section 101 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The parties agree that the parties, as licensees of such rights under this Agreement, will retain and may fully exercise all of their rights and elections under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The parties further agree that, in the event of the commencement of a bankruptcy proceeding-by or against either party under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, the party hereto that is not a party to such proceeding will be entitled to a complete duplicate of (or complete access to, as appropriate) any such intellectual property and all embodiments of such intellectual property, and same, if not already in their possession, will be promptly delivered to them (i) upon any such commencement of a bankruptcy proceeding upon their written request therefor, unless the party subject to such proceeding elects to continue to perform all of its obligations under this Agreement, or (ii) if not delivered under (i) above, following the rejection of this Agreement by or on behalf of the party subject to such proceeding upon written request therefor by the non-subject party.
11.
INDEMNIFICATION
11.1    Indemnification by Kureha. Kureha hereby agrees to save, defend and hold Ocera and its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (each, a “Ocera Indemnitee”) harmless from and against any and all claims, suits, actions, demands, liabilities, expenses and/or loss, including reasonable legal expense and attorneys’ fees (collectively, “Losses”), to which any Ocera Indemnitee may become subject as a result of any claim, demand, action or other proceeding by any Third Party to the extent such Losses arise directly or indirectly out of: (i) the practice by Kureha of the license granted to it under Section 2.6(b); (ii) the manufacture, use, handling, storage, sale or other disposition of any Product by Kureha or its Affiliates or licensees (other than Ocera or its Sublicensees); or (iii) the breach by Kureha of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Kureha in this Agreement; except, in each case, to the extent such Losses result from the negligence or willful misconduct of any Ocera Indemnitee or the breach by Ocera of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Ocera in this Agreement.
11.2    Indemnification by Ocera. Ocera hereby agrees to save, defend and hold Kureha and its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (each, a “Kureha Indemnitee”) harmless from and against any and all Losses to which any Kureha Indemnitee may become subject as a result of any claim, demand, action or other proceeding by any Third Party to the extent such Losses arise directly or indirectly out of: (i) the practice by Ocera of any license granted to it under Section 2.1(a) or 2.6(a); (ii) the manufacture, use, handling, storage, sale or other disposition of any Product by Ocera or any of its Sublicensees, or (iii) the breach by Ocera of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Ocera in this Agreement; except, in each case, to the extent such Losses result from the negligence or willful misconduct of any Kureha Indemnitee or the breach by Kureha of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Kureha in this Agreement.
11.3    Control of Defense. Any entity entitled to indemnification under this Section 11 shall give notice to the indemnifying party of any Losses that may be subject to indemnification, promptly after learning of such Losses, and the indemnifying party shall assume the defense of such Losses with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such defense is assumed by the indemnifying party with counsel so selected, the indemnifying party will not be subject to any liability for any settlement of such Losses made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), and will not be obligated to pay the fees and expenses of any separate counsel retained by the indemnified party with respect to such Losses.
11.4    Insurance. Ocera, at its own expense, shall maintain product liability insurance with respect to its activities under this Agreement in an amount consistent with industry standards during the Term and shall name Kureha as an additional insured with respect to such insurance. Ocera shall provide a certificate of insurance evidencing such coverage to Kureha upon request.
12.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
12.1    Dispute Resolution. In the event of any controversy or claim arising out of, relating to or in connection with any provision of this Agreement, the parties shall try to settle their differences amicably between themselves first, by referring the disputed matter to the Chief Executive Officer of Ocera and the General Manager of Pharmaceuticals Division of Kureha. Either party may initiate such informal dispute resolution by sending written notice of the dispute to the other party, and, within 20 days after such notice, such representatives of the parties shall meet for attempted resolution by good faith negotiations. If the representative of the parties have not been able to resolve the dispute within 30 days after such mediation hearing, then any and all claims, disputes or controversies arising under, out of, or in connection with this Agreement, shall be resolved by final and binding compulsory arbitration in San Diego, the United States of America, or Tokyo, Japan pursuant to and in accordance with the then-current Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce. Where Kureha initiates the arbitration, the arbitration will be held in San Diego, the United States of America, and where Ocera initiates the arbitration, the arbitration will be held in Tokyo, Japan. The arbitration shall be conducted by a panel of three persons experienced in the pharmaceutical industry, none of whom shall be a current or former employee or director, or a then-current stockholder, of either party, their respective Affiliates or any Sublicensee. Within 30 days after receipt of the original notice of binding arbitration, each party shall select one person to act as arbitrator and the two party-selected arbitrators shall select a third arbitrator within 15 days of their appointment. Either party may apply to the arbitrators for interim injunctive relief until the arbitrators have rendered their decision or the controversy is otherwise resolved. Either party may also, without waiving any remedy under this Agreement, seek from any court having jurisdiction any injunctive or provisional relief necessary to protect the rights or property of that party pending the arbitrators’ decision. The arbitrators shall have no power to add to, subtract from or modify any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement, nor to award punitive damages. Any award rendered in such arbitration may be enforced by either party in any court having jurisdiction. Each party shall bear its own costs and expenses and attorneys’ fees and an equal share of the arbitrators’ fees and any administrative fees of arbitration, provided that the arbitrators shall be authorized to determine whether a party is the prevailing party, and if so, to award to that prevailing party reimbursement for its reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, in connection with arbitration of such controversy or claim. By agreeing to this binding arbitration provision, the parties understand that they are waiving certain rights and protections which may otherwise be available if a dispute between the parties were determined by litigation in court, including, without limitation, the right to seek or obtain certain types of damages precluded by this provision, the right to a jury trial and certain rights of appeal. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, any dispute, controversy or claim that concerns (a) the validity or infringement of a patent, trademark or copyright; or (b) any antitrust, anti-monopoly or competition law or regulation, whether or not statutory, shall not be subject to the arbitration provisions of this Section 12.1.
12.2    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, excluding its conflicts of laws principles.
12.3    Entire Agreement; Modification. This Agreement is both a final expression of the parties’ agreement and a complete and exclusive statement with respect to all of its terms. This Agreement supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and communications, whether oral, written or otherwise, concerning any and all matters contained herein, excluding the confidentiality agreement between the parties, dated July 26th, 2005. This Agreement may only be modified or supplemented in a writing expressly stated for such purpose and signed by the parties to this Agreement.
12.4    Relationship Between the Parties. The parties’ relationship, as established by this Agreement, is solely that of independent contractors. This Agreement does not create any partnership, joint venture or similar business relationship between the parties. Neither party is a legal representative of the other party, and neither party can assume or create any obligation, representation, warranty or guarantee, express or implied, on behalf of the other party for any purpose whatsoever.
12.5    Non-Waiver. The failure of a party to insist upon strict performance of any provision of this Agreement or to exercise any right arising out of this Agreement shall neither impair that provision or right nor constitute a waiver of that provision or right, in whole or in part, in that instance or in any other instance. Any waiver by a party of a particular provision or right shall be in writing, shall be as to a particular matter and, if applicable, for a particular period of time and shall be signed by such party.
12.6    Assignment. Except as expressly provided hereunder, neither this Agreement nor any rights or obligations hereunder may be assigned or otherwise transferred by either party without the prior written consent of the other party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld); provided, however, that either party may assign this Agreement and its rights and obligations hereunder without the other party’s consent:
(a)    in connection with the transfer or sale of all or substantially all of the business of such party to which this Agreement relates to a Third Party, other than transfer or sale to a Third Party that manufactures, sells, markets or is developing a Competing Product for use in the Field in the Licensed Territory (provided that a CKD Licensee that manufactures, sells, markets or is developing a Product shall not be considered a Third Party that sells or intends to sell a Competing Product), whether by merger, sale of stock, sale of assets or otherwise; provided that in the event of a transaction (whether this Agreement is actually assigned or is assumed by the acquiring party by operation of law (e.g., in the context of a reverse triangular merger)), intellectual property rights of the acquiring party to such transaction (if other than one of the parties to this Agreement) shall not be included in the technology licensed hereunder; or
(b)    to an Affiliate, provided that the assigning party shall remain liable and responsible to the non‑assigning party hereto for the performance and observance of all such duties and obligations by such Affiliate.
The rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of the parties. Any assignment not in accordance with this Agreement shall be void.
12.7    No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is neither expressly nor impliedly made for the benefit of any party other than those executing it.
12.8    Severability. If, for any reason, any part of this Agreement is adjudicated invalid, unenforceable or illegal by a court of competent jurisdiction, such adjudication shall not affect or impair, in whole or in part, the validity, enforceability or legality of any remaining portions of this Agreement. All remaining portions shall remain in full force and effect as if the original Agreement had been executed without the invalidated, unenforceable or illegal part.
12.9    Notices. Any notice to be given under this Agreement must be in writing and delivered either in person, by any method of mail (postage prepaid) requiring return receipt, or by overnight courier or facsimile confirmed thereafter by any of the foregoing, to the party to be notified at its address(es) given below, or at any address such party has previously designated by prior written notice to the other. Notice shall be deemed sufficiently given for all purposes upon the earliest of: (a) the date of actual receipt; (b) if mailed, three days after the date of postmark; or (c) if delivered by overnight courier, the next business day the overnight courier regularly makes deliveries.
If to Ocera, notices must be addressed to:
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
12651 High Bluff Drive, Suite 230,
San Diego, CA 92130
United States of America
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
Telephone: +1-858-764-2475
Facsimile: +1-858-764-2476
If to Kureha, notices must be addressed to:
Kureha Corporation
3-3-2, Nihonbashi-Hamacho
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8552
Japan
Attention: General Manager, Pharmaceuticals Division
Telephone: +81-3-3249-4738
Facsimile: +81-3-3249-4730
12.10    Force Majeure. Except for the obligation to make payment when due (which shall be fairly adjusted as a result of the effect of the applicable force majeure), each party shall be excused from liability for the failure or delay in performance of any obligation under this Agreement by reason of any event beyond such party’s reasonable control including but not limited to acts of God (including, without limitation, earthquake, fire, flood, atmospheric disturbance, lightning, storm, typhoon, tornado, landslide, soil erosion, subsidence and epidemic), strikes, lock outs, acts of war, civil disorder or other similar events not within the reasonable control of the party concerned that render performance by such party of its obligations under this Agreement impossible; provided, however, that in no event shall an event that makes performance by a party of its obligations under this Agreement impossible solely due to the economic condition of such party be considered a force majeure event. Such excuse from liability shall be effective only to the extent and duration of the event(s) causing the failure or delay in performance and provided that the party has not caused such event(s) to occur. Notice of a party’s failure or delay in performance due to force majeure must be given to the other party within 10 days after its occurrence. All delivery dates under this Agreement that have been affected by force majeure shall be tolled for the duration of such force majeure. In no event shall any party be required to prevent or settle any labor disturbance or dispute. Notwithstanding the foregoing, should the event(s) of force majeure suffered by a party extend beyond a three‑month period, the other party may then terminate this Agreement by written notice to the non-performing party, with the consequences of such termination as set forth in Sections 10.3, 10.4 and 10.5.
12.11    Interpretation.
(a)    Captions & Headings. The captions and headings of clauses contained in this Agreement preceding the text of the articles, sections, subsections and paragraphs hereof are inserted solely for convenience and ease of reference only and shall not constitute any part of this Agreement, or have any effect on its interpretation or construction.
(b)    Singular & Plural. All references in this Agreement to the singular shall include the plural where applicable, and all references to gender shall include both genders and the neuter. The term “including” shall not be deemed to be exclusive.
(c)    Articles, Sections & Subsections. Unless otherwise specified, references in this Agreement to any article shall include all sections, subsections, and paragraphs in such article; references in this Agreement to any section shall include all subsections and paragraphs in such sections; and references in this Agreement to any subsection shall include all paragraphs in such subsection.
(d)    Days. All references to days in this Agreement shall mean calendar days, unless otherwise specified.
(e)    Ambiguities. Ambiguities and uncertainties in this Agreement, if any, shall not be interpreted against either party, irrespective of which party may be deemed to have caused the ambiguity or uncertainty to exist.
(f)    English Language. This Agreement has been prepared in the English language and the English language shall control its interpretation. In addition, all notices required or permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be in the English language.
12.12    Counterparts; Facsimile. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original document, and all of which, together with this writing, shall be deemed one instrument. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile and upon such delivery the facsimile signature will be deemed to have the same effect as if the original signature had been delivered to the other party.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this LICENSE AGREEMENT as of the Effective Date.
KUREHA CORPORATION                 OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC.
By: s/ Masahiko Fujii                      By: s/Laurent Fischer        
Name: Masahiko Fujii, Ph.D.                 Name: Laurent Fischer, M.D.
Title: Executive Vice President & General Manager Title: President & CEO             Pharmaceuticals Division


EXHIBIT A
Kureha Patents

No.
Title
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Situation
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8
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9
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1.
EX-10.2 3 exhibit102kurehaagreement.htm EXHIBIT 10.2 Exhibit 10.2 KurehaAgreement
CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT HAS BEEN REQUESTED.

AGREEMENT
This Agreement (hereinafter called “Agreement”) is made this April 5th, 2012 by and between Kureha Corporation, a Japanese corporation (hereinafter called “Kureha”), with its principal offices at 3-3-2, Nihonbashi-Hamacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8552, Japan and Ocera Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (hereinafter called “Ocera”), with its principal offices at 12651 High Bluff Drive, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92130, the United States of America.
WITNESSETH THAT:
WHEREAS, Kureha and Ocera have entered into the License Agreement (hereinafter defined) and the Commercial Supply Agreement (hereinafter defined); and
WHEREAS, Ocera has been developing the Product as a medical device for the IBS Indication (hereinafter defined) in Europe pursuant to the License Agreement; and
WHEREAS, Kureha and Ocera are willing to amend the terms and conditions of the License Agreement and Commercial Supply Agreement regarding, among other things, milestone payments for the achievement of certain milestone events as applied only to the development and commercialization of the Product as a medical device for the IBS Indication in European Countries (hereinafter defined) by Ocera and the commercial supply to Ocera by Kureha of the Compound for use in such Product, in each case as set forth in this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto intending to be bound in accordance herewith, agree as follows:
1.
DEFINITIONS
1.1    All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meaning set forth in the License Agreement or the Commercial Supply Agreement, as applicable.
1.2    When used herein, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:
(a)    “License Agreement” shall mean Restated License Agreement, effective as of March 6th, 2008, between Kureha and Ocera;
(b)    “Commercial Supply Agreement” shall mean Commercial Manufacture And Supply Agreement, effective as of November 1st, 2007, between Kureha and Ocera;
(c)    “IBS Indication” shall mean the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in humans; and
(d)    “First Commercial Supply” shall mean the first delivery of the Compound supplied by Kureha to Ocera or any of its Sublicensees (and accepted by Ocera or its Sublicensees in accordance with Section 5.4 of the Commercial Supply Agreement) for commercial use by Ocera or its Sublicensees of Medical Device Product for the IBS Indication (including for the sales to the self-pay population) in European Countries.
(e)    “Medical Device Product” shall mean a Product for which Ocera has obtained Regulatory Approval as a medical device (as opposed to as a pharmaceutical drug).
(f)    “European Countries” shall mean member states of the European Economic Area (EEA), Switzerland and Turkey.
2.
FIELD OF MEDICAL DEVICE
Ocera shall not, and shall cause any of its Sublicensees not to, develop, register, use, distribute, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import or export, Products including Medical Device Products in any of fields other than the Field.
Ocera shall not, and shall cause any of its Sublicensees not to, develop, register, use, distribute, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import or export the Product for the IBS indication in European Countries as a non-prescription product.
  
3.
MILESTONE PAYMENTS FOR MEDICAL DEVICE
3.1    Notwithstanding Section 3.1 of the License Agreement, and subject to Section 3.2 and 3.3 hereof, in case that Ocera or any of its Sublicensees obtains Regulatory Approval of the Product as medical device for the IBS Indication in European Countries, within 30 days following the occurrence of each of the events set forth below, Ocera shall pay to Kureha the following milestone payment:
Milestone Event for IBS Indication
Milestone Payment
The First Commercial Supply
[*]
Achievement of annual Net Sales of Medical Device Products in European Countries of [*]
[*] or if agreed by the parties hereto as set forth below in this Section 3.1,
[*]
Achievement of annual Net Sales of Medical Device Products in European Countries of [*]
[*]
Achievement of annual Net Sales of Medical Device Products in European Countries of [*]
[*]
Achievement of annual Net Sales of Medical Device Products in European Countries of [*]
[*]

In the event that two or more milestone events described above except the First Commercial Supply are achieved simultaneously during a calendar year, the milestone payments regarding the achieved milestone events shall be made by Ocera to Kureha simultaneously. Notwithstanding the above, if Ocera sells Medical Device Products for the IBS Indication in European Countries directly and not with or through any Sublicensee, Ocera and Kureha agree that first milestone payment of [*] set forth above may be subject to discussion between the parties hereto at the time such sales by Ocera is planned. If the parties hereto subsequently agree that such first milestone payment of [*] shall no longer be due from Ocera, the parties hereto agree to increase the milestone payment for the second milestone event set forth above in this Section 3.1 (Achievement of annual Net Sales of Medical Device Products in European Countries of [*] ) from [*] to [*] .  Each of the milestone payments described in this Section 3.1 shall be payable only one time for the first occurrence of the applicable event, subject to Section 3.2 and 3.3 hereof.
3.2    Notwithstanding Section 3.1 hereof and Section 3.1 of the License Agreement, any milestone payment paid by Ocera pursuant to Section 3.1 hereof shall be fully creditable against any milestone payment(s) due under Section 3.1 of the License Agreement for milestone events for First GI Indication (i.e., the first three milestone payments described in Section 3.1 of the License Agreement), and any milestone payment(s) paid by Ocera under Section 3.1 of the License Agreement for achievement of the milestone events for First GI Indication shall be creditable against any milestone payment(s) due under Section 3.1 hereof. Payments made to Kureha pursuant to Section 3.1 hereof are non-refundable and may not be credited against any payments payable by Ocera to Kureha under any agreement between the parties hereto, including but not limited to this Agreement, the License Agreement and the Commercial Supply Agreement, except those specified in this Agreement.
3.3    The completion of payment in accordance with Sections 3.1 and 3.2 hereof shall be considered as the completion of milestone payments for First GI Indication set forth in Section 3.1 of the License Agreement, and the completion of payment of the milestone payments for First GI Indication set forth in Section 3.1 of the License Agreement shall be considered as the completion of the milestone payments set forth in Section 3.1 hereof. For clarity, and without limiting Section 3.2 hereof, in no event shall Ocera be obligated to pay to Kureha more than a total of [*] for achievement of the milestone events set forth in Section 3.1 hereof.
4.
ADVERSE EVENTS
Kureha and Ocera confirm that Ocera shall, and shall require its Sublicensees to, collect information of adverse events believed to be related to any Medical Device Product for the IBS Indication in any country in the Licensed Territory in the manner equivalent to that in which Ocera carries out collection and report to Kureha of pharmacovigilance data regarding the Products as pharmaceutical drug in accordance with the Safety Agreement.
5.
SUPPLY OF THE COMPOUNDS AS SAMPLES
6.    In case that Ocera or any of its Sublicensees obtains Regulatory Approval as medical device for the IBS Indication in European Countries, Kureha shall not assume any obligations to supply Compound without charge as samples of such Medical Device Product for the IBS Indication in such European Countries under Section 4.1(c) of the Commercial Supply Agreement. Notwithstanding the above, if Ocera or any of its Sublicensees obtains NDA approval of a Product as pharmaceutical drug for the IBS indication in a Major Country, Kureha will supply the Compound without charge for use as samples in accordance with Section 4.1(c)
of the Commercial Supply Agreement.
7.
VALIDITY OF AGREEMENTS
Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, this Agreement replace and supersede all previous agreements regarding the subject matter referred herein. Any other terms and conditions of the License Agreement and the Commercial Supply Agreement which are not explicitly amended by this Agreement shall remain valid and unchanged.

8.
EFFECTIVE DATE
This Agreement shall become effective as of April 5th, 2012 and shall expire when the License Agreement or the Commercial Supply Agreement terminates or expires (include the same date of termination or expiration), whichever comes later.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed in duplicate by their duly authorized officers or representatives.
KUREHA CORPORATION



By:s/ Yoshiharu Oguchi    
Name: Yoshiharu Oguchi, Ph.D.
Title: Vice President & General Manager Pharmaceuticals Division


OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC.



By:s/Laurent Fischer         
Name: Laurent Fischer, M.D.
Title: President and CEO



1.

EX-10.3 4 exhibit103kurehacommercial.htm EXHIBIT 10.3 Exhibit 10.3 KurehaCommercialManufactureandSupplyAgreement
CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT HAS BEEN REQUESTED.

COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY AGREEMENT
THIS COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is entered into as of November 1st, 2007 (the “Effective Date”), by and between OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC. (“Ocera”), a Delaware corporation, having an address of 12651 High Bluff Drive, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92130, United States of America, and KUREHA CORPORATION, a Japanese corporation (“Kureha”), having an address of 3-3-2, Nihonbashi Hama-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8552, Japan.
RECITALS
WHEREAS, Ocera (formerly known as Renovia, Inc.) and Kureha have entered into a License Agreement, effective as of August 31, 2005, which relates to the Compound as may be amended in accordance with the terms thereof (as defined below) (the “License Agreement”); and
WHEREAS, Kureha wishes to manufacture and supply to Ocera, and Ocera wishes to purchase from Kureha, the Compound for commercial sale in accordance with the terms of the License Agreement in accordance with applicable requirements of the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”).
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and premises contained in this Agreement, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1.
DEFINITIONS.
1.1    “Affiliate” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.2    “Buffer Stock” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.5(a).
1.3    “Certificate of Analysis” shall have the meaning provided in Section 5.3(b).
1.4    “cGMP” shall mean the current good manufacturing practices required by the FDA for the manufacture and testing of pharmaceutical materials, and the corresponding applicable requirements of the regulatory authority of each country in the Licensed Territory (as defined below).
1.5    “Compound” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.6    “DMF” (Drug Master File) shall mean a submission to the FDA and other regulatory authorities that may be used to provide confidential detailed information about facilities, processes, analytical methods, or articles used in the manufacturing, processing, packaging, and storing of one or more human drugs.
1.7    “FD&C Act” shall have the meaning provided in Section 8.3.
1.8    “Field” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.9    .
1.10    “Forecast” shall have the meaning provided in Section 3.2(b).
1.11    “Gross Margin” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.12    “Kureha Indemnitees” shall have the meaning provided in Section 11.1.
1.13    “Licensed Territory” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.14    “Losses” shall have the meaning provided in Section 11.1
1.15    “Manufacturing Process” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.3.
1.16    “Manufacturing Right” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.7(b)(ii).
1.17    “Minimum Buffer Stock” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.5(b).
1.18    “NDA” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.19    “Net Sales” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.20    “Ocera Indemnitees” shall have the meaning provided in Section 11.2.
1.21    “Other Changes” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.3.
1.22    “Pre-Approved Changes” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.3.
1.23    “Product” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.24    “Raw Materials” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.1.
1.25    “Second Storage Facility” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.6.
1.26    “Specifications” shall mean the regulatory, manufacturing, quality control and quality assurance procedures, processes, practices, standards, instructions and any other attributes that the parties agree upon, or that are otherwise required, in connection with the manufacture and packaging, as applicable, of each Compound, as set forth on REF-1 as set forth in the License Agreement, to be confidentially kept by Ocera separately, as may be amended from time to time by written agreement of the parties pursuant to Section 5.3.
1.27    “Sublicensee” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.28    “Term” shall have the meaning provided in Section 10.1.
1.29    “Third Party” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.30    “Transfer Price” shall have the meaning provided in Section 4.1(a).

1.31    
2.
PURCHASE AND SUPPLY.
2.1    Commercial Purchase and Supply. During the Term, Kureha shall manufacture and supply to Ocera and its Sublicensees for commercial purposes such quantities of the Compound to cover the Purchase Orders for the Compound, subject to Ocera’s minimum purchase requirements for the Compound set forth in Section 2.3 hereof. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, as long as Ocera and its Sublicensees sell the Product in the Licensed Territory, Kureha will be the exclusive supplier to Ocera and its Sublicensees of the Compound in the Licensed Territory during the Term.
2.2    Form of Supply. Kureha will supply the Compound to Ocera in bulk quantities only; provided, however, that Kureha will supply the Compound to Ocera in the form of Product (i.e., individual doses, final packaging, etc.), upon Ocera’s request, upon mutual agreement. Ocera shall pay additional costs and fees resulting from such supply by Kureha in the form of Product as mutually agreed by the parties.
2.3    Minimum Purchase Requirement. Pursuant to this Agreement, Ocera (or its Sublicensee) agrees to purchase from Kureha, the annual minimum amount as shall be agreed by the parties at the time of the initial Forecast by Ocera.
3.
FORECASTS AND PURCHASE ORDERS.
3.1     Commercial Launch. Ocera or its Sublicensee shall notify Kureha within 120 days of the issued date of the final study report of the first clinical trial involving the Compound, of the approximate timing of the anticipated commercial launch of any Product in the Field in the Licensed Territory. Such notification shall include a preliminary estimate of the quantity of the Compound needed for commercial launch. Such quantity of Compound required for the commercial launch of the Product shall be referred to herein as the “Initial Shipment”. Ocera or its Sublicensee may change the estimated date of commercial launch and the estimated quantity of the Compound needed for the Initial Shipment at any time by notifying Kureha; provided, however, that Ocera or its Sublicensee will inform Kureha of a reasonable range of the amount of the Compound that will be necessary for the Initial Shipment within 30 days of NDA filing. The amount of Initial Shipment required to be provided by Kureha hereunder shall not exceed 15 tons; provided, however, that if the Initial Shipment amount requested exceeds such amount, Kureha’s obligation to provide any amount in excess of [*] shall be subject to Kureha’s written consent, which shall be in Kureha’s sole discretion to provide.
3.2    Capacity Planning; Forecasts.
(a)    By the middle of 2008, the parties will establish a committee whose purpose will be to discuss and plan for the estimated capacity of Kureha to supply Compounds hereunder based upon the estimated requirements of Ocera for Compounds (the “MP-Committee”). The MP-Committee will be comprised of an equal number of members from each party. Each year beginning in 2008, Kureha will provide to Ocera, on or before August 1 of each calendar year during the Term, Kureha’s long range capacity planning information for the manufacture of Compounds for next 3 calendar years or such other time period as agreed between the parties, and Ocera will provide to Kureha, on or before September 1 of such calendar year, its long range forecast of Compounds for such 3 years or such other time period. Based upon such information provided by Kureha and Ocera, the MP-Committee will determine by unanimous agreement of its members, the recommended capacity of Kureha’s manufacturing facility to be allocated to Compounds to be supplied hereunder for such 3 years or such other time period (the “Recommended Capacity”), and such recommendation will be provided by the MP-Committee to Kureha for use at Kureha’s annual manufacturing planning meeting, which typically takes place in the first quarter of each calendar year. Within 30 days of each such annual manufacturing planning meeting by Kureha, Kureha shall provide written notice to Ocera of the capacity of Kureha’s manufacturing facility to be allocated to Compounds to be supplied hereunder for the next calendar year, which shall be reasonably within range of the Recommended Capacity for such calendar year (the “Capacity Amount”).
(b)    On or before July 1 and January 1 of each year during the Term, Ocera or its Sublicensee shall provide Kureha with a written forecast of its estimated orders for the Compound by month for the 12 month period beginning 6 months after such July 1 or January 1, as applicable (each a “Forecast”); provided, however, that Ocera shall provide Kureha with the first Forecast 6 months prior to the date when the first commercial launch of a Product is anticipated to occur. The estimated orders for the first 6 months of each Forecast are hereinafter referred to as the “Six Month Estimate”. By way of example, to the extent the first commercial launch of a Product is anticipated to occur in January 2011, on July 1, 2010 a Forecast would be provided for the period from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2012, and of such Forecast, the estimated orders for the period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011 would be the Six Month Estimate. Such Forecasts are not intended to be the binding orders for Compounds, and orders for Compounds will be made in accordance with Section 3.3. Notwithstanding any provisions hereof, the amount of any Six Month Estimate may not exceed the applicable Capacity Amount for the period of such Six Month Estimate.
3.3    Purchase Orders. By the 1st day of each month, Ocera shall place a firm purchase order for the Compound for the next month (each a “Purchase Order”), which shall be between [ * ] of monthly volume specified in the applicable Six Month Estimate. Ocera shall submit Purchase Orders in writing, in such form as the parties shall agree from time to time, to Kureha specifying the quantities of the Compound ordered, the desired shipment date for such the Compound and any special shipping instructions. Ocera shall order the Compound in lots of a defined number of units/lot pursuant to each Purchase Order as reasonably specified by Kureha, provided however, that Kureha shall make commercially reasonable efforts to limit the number of lots included in each shipment for relevant Purchase Orders. Kureha shall make each shipment of the Compound in the quantity and on the shipment date specified for it on the Purchase Order, via the mode(s) of transportation and to the party and destination specified on such Purchase Order. Any Purchase Orders for the Compound submitted by Ocera to Kureha shall reference this Agreement and shall be governed exclusively by the terms contained herein. The parties hereby agree that the terms and conditions of this Agreement shall supersede any term or condition in any Purchase Order, confirmation or other document furnished by Ocera or Kureha that is in any way inconsistent with these terms and conditions.
3.4    Delivery. Kureha shall pack for shipment in accordance with the procedures provided to be agreed between the parties and ship the Compound with a common carrier selected by Kureha to a destination specified in the applicable Purchase Order. Deliveries of the Compound shall be made FCA Narita Airport (Incoterms 2000) on the delivery date specified in the applicable Purchase Order.
4.
PAYMENT TERMS.
4.1    Price.
(c)    Ocera shall pay Kureha a transfer price FCA Narita Airport (Incoterms 2000) of [*] per gram of the Compound (the “Transfer Price”) for the Compound supplied by Kureha to Ocera for commercial purposes. The Transfer Price shall include all costs of manufacture, packaging and testing of the Compound conducted by Kureha. The Transfer Price shall remain in effect for [*] from the effective date of the License Agreement (subject to Section 4.1(d)). Thereafter, the Transfer Price will be increased using a Consumer Price Index inflation rate as agreed to by the parties; provided that any such increase in the Transfer Price shall not exceed Consumer Price Index inflation rate.
(d)    For the Compound supplied by Kureha for formulation development, toxicology and pharmacology studies (excluding post-marketing studies), Ocera will pay [*] of the Transfer Price.
(e)    Kureha will supply the amount requested by Ocera (at maximum 1,000 kg) of the Compound per year without charge for use as samples for a period of three years after each NDA approval of Product for each indication.
(f)    In addition, should the occurrence of any event not contemplated by the parties alter the economic fundamentals based on which the parties agree on the terms of this Agreement in a manner that places an excessive burden on either or both of the parties in the supply or purchase of the Compound at the Transfer Price, the party that is adversely affected may proceed as follows:
(i)    Such party may make a request for revision of the Transfer Price. Such request shall be in writing and made within a reasonable time from the moment such party becomes aware of the event and its adverse effect on such party. The request shall indicate the grounds on which it is based and provide adequate information to demonstrate the adverse effect on such party;
(ii)    The parties shall then consult with one another with a view to revising the Transfer Price on an equitable basis in order to ensure that neither party suffers excessive prejudice; and
(iii)    The request for revision of the Transfer Price shall not of itself suspend performance of this Agreement.
4.2    Method of Payment. All payments due hereunder to Kureha shall be paid to Kureha in Japanese Yen by telegraphic transfer remittance to the account of Kureha as may be designated by Kureha, within 45 days from the issuance date of invoice by Kureha, unless such shipment of the Compound is rejected in accordance with provisions of Section 5.4. However,
Ocera must receive the invoice within 15 business days of the issuance date by courier and confirm receipt thereof with its signature.
5.
QUALITY ASSURANCE CONTROL; ACCEPTANCE.
5.1    Qualification of United States Testing Facility. Kureha shall provide technology support and transfer to enable Ocera to qualify a facility, of Ocera’s choice, to perform analytical testing of the Compound. Ocera will pay for such technology support and transfer conducted by Kureha, including reasonable expenses incurred by Kureha for airfare, hotel accommodations and meals for Kureha personnel who participate in qualification of such testing facility (and such similar reasonable expenses incident to such activities as Ocera may approve in advance) within 30 days after receipt of invoice from Kureha documenting such expenses. Kureha will pay for its labor cost for Kureha personnel who participate in such qualification. Until such time a facility is qualified, as agreed by the parties, Section 5.4 will not apply.
5.2    Quality Agreement. The parties shall enter into a quality agreement, providing for details of quality assurance obligations of each party within 6 months of the Effective Date, or prior to the deadline established by Ocera’s qualified QA personnel in writing to Kureha and agreed by Kureha in writing.
5.3    Specifications; Testing.
(a)    Lot Testing. Kureha will perform standard analytical testing of each manufactured lot of the Compound to be delivered to Ocera to verify that it meets the Specifications. Kureha and Ocera, upon mutual agreement, may amend the Specifications.
(b)    Certificate of Analysis. Kureha shall also provide a certificate of analysis (the “Certificate of Analysis”) to Ocera or its Sublicensee with each shipment of the Compound. Such Certificate of Analysis shall certify that the Compound delivered conforms to the Specifications. Such Certificate of Analysis shall be accompanied by documents that contain information including the quantity of the shipment, as well as any further information required by the relevant regulatory authorities that, Ocera may have previously notified Kureha, is necessary. Ocera or its Sublicensee shall be under no obligation to accept any shipment of the Compound without an accompanying Certificate of Analysis, and other necessary documents.
5.4    Acceptance and Rejection.
(a)    Compound Testing. Ocera or its Sublicensee shall perform samplings and testing on a delivered lot, designed in accordance with the methods of analysis to be agreed between the parties and the Specifications, to determine whether the Compound meets the Specifications. If Ocera or its Sublicensee discovers any basis for a rejection of the Compound within 60 days after the delivery of such Compound to Ocera, Ocera shall inform Kureha promptly in writing of such rejection, and specifically state the reasons therefor. Notwithstanding the above provisions, acceptance of any delivery of Compound shall not preclude a subsequent rejection of the Compound by Ocera or its Sublicensee following discovery of latent defects in such Compound (including, without limitation, discovery of any substance that would cause the Compound to be adulterated within the meaning of the FD&C
Act) within 6 months after the delivery of such Compound to Ocera, that would not reasonably be detectable in accordance with such methods of analysis, provided that Ocera or its Sublicensee notifies Kureha in writing within 5 days of discovery of such latent defect.
(b)    Replacement of Rejected Compound. In the event Ocera or its Sublicensee discovers any basis for a rejection of the Compound or a latent defect under Section 5.4(a), Ocera shall promptly provide to Kureha a sample of such alleged non-conforming Compound for Kureha’s inspection and testing. Kureha shall deliver a replacement of such alleged non-conforming Compound within 15 working days after the receipt of a notice of rejection of such alleged non-conforming Compound from Ocera, at no cost to Ocera other than the original Transfer Price already paid or to be paid, for the alleged non-conforming Compound, with the same quantity of Compound which meets the Specifications, whether or not Kureha accepts Ocera’s basis for rejection. If Kureha disagrees with Ocera’s determination that such lot of the Compound does not meet the Specifications, a sample of the alleged non-conforming Compound shall be submitted to a third party laboratory to be mutually agreed between the parties. Such third party laboratory shall determine whether such Compound meets the particular portion(s) of the Specifications that are the subject of Kureha’s and Ocera’s dispute and the parties agree that such laboratory’s determination shall be final and determinative with respect to the issues submitted to it for resolution. The party against whom the third party laboratory rules shall bear all costs of the third party laboratory for such testing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the parties acknowledge that the parties may be unable to identify or agree upon a third party laboratory appropriate to perform such testing. In such case, Kureha employees and Ocera employees with the suitable expertise will conduct the relevant testing jointly at Ocera’s facility in the United States of America. Ocera will reimburse Kureha for the reasonable expenses incurred by Kureha with respect to such travel (including reasonable airfare and lodging expenses) and testing at the Ocera facility and will pay to Kureha absence fee for such Kureha’s employees of [ * ] per day per person for the actual time spent involved in such testing if the results of such joint testing indicate that the Compound so tested meets the Specifications. Kureha will reimburse Ocera for the reasonable expenses incurred by Ocera with respect to such travel (including airfare and lodging expenses) and testing at the Ocera facility and will pay to Ocera absence fee for such Ocera employees of [ * ] per day per person for the actual time spent involved in such testing if the results of such joint testing indicate the Compound so tested does not meet the Specifications. If the third party laboratory determines, or if applicable, if the parties so determine by their joint testing, that the requested lot in fact met the Specifications, Ocera will pay Kureha the Transfer Price for the Compound including replacement lot provided by Kureha, together with the expenses incurred by Kureha and absence fee for Kureha’s employee mentioned above, within 10 working days after the later to occur of such determination and receipt of invoice for such expenses from Kureha. Rejected Compound shall be returned to Kureha or disposed of at Kureha’s expense in accordance with Kureha’s instructions.
6.
MANUFACTURE OF THE COMPOUND.
6.1    Raw Materials. Kureha shall be responsible for obtaining, any raw materials, components, other ingredients and packaging materials (“Raw Materials”) required for the manufacture of the Compound, in reasonable quantities consistent with the Purchase Order. Kureha shall use and rotate all stock of materials on a first-in, first-out basis.
6.2    
6.3    Manufacture of the Compound. Kureha will manufacture the Compound in accordance with the Specifications, cGMPs and other applicable rules and regulations of the FDA and other governmental or regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over the manufacture, use or sale of the Compound, as then in effect. The parties shall notify each other within 3 business days of any new instructions or specifications regarding the Compound and manufacturing of the Compound, required by the FDA, and of other applicable rules and regulations. Without disclosing unnecessary confidential information, the parties shall confer with each other with respect to any response regarding such instruction or specification and discuss the best means to comply with such requirements and Kureha will bear the costs for implementing changes for such requirements. Such changes shall be implemented by Kureha, in a timely manner. Prior to NDA filing, Kureha shall cure cGMP deficiencies deemed necessary to pass FDA or other regulatory authority inspections.
6.4    Changes to the Specifications or to the Manufacturing Process. Kureha shall obtain the prior written consent of Ocera, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, with respect to any proposed revision to the Specifications, and any change in the Raw Materials, equipment, process or procedures used to manufacture the Compound (the “Manufacturing Process”) that would require pre-approval of the FDA or other applicable regulatory authority of any country of the Licensed Territory in which the Compound is then being sold or developed (the “Pre-Approved Changes”). Except as may be required by Section 6.7(b), Kureha is not required to disclose any confidential information related to the Manufacturing Process to Ocera. Kureha is not required to obtain the consent of Ocera for any revisions to the Specifications or the Manufacturing Process that would not require pre-approval of the FDA or other applicable regulatory authority of any country of the Licensed Territory (“Other Changes”), provided that Kureha shall notify Ocera of such Other Changes and shall provide all information required by the FDA or equivalent foreign regulatory agency. Any changes to the Specifications or to the Manufacturing Process shall be in compliance with the NDA for the Compound. The corresponding costs of implementing any changes to the Specifications or to the Manufacturing Process will be borne by Kureha.
6.5    Reprocessing and Reworking of the Compound. Any reprocessing or reworking of any lot of the Compound shall be made in full compliance with the procedures described in the DMF, or, if not made in compliance with the procedures described in the DMF, Kureha shall obtain the prior written consent of Ocera.
6.6    Buffer Stock.
(a)    Requirement of Kureha Buffer Stock. Not later than 6 months prior to the anticipated date of commercial launch of Product to be notified to Kureha by Ocera under Section 3.1 or 1 year after such notice, whichever is later, Kureha shall have available (including any Compound stored in a Second Storage Facility) a buffer stock of the Compound (the “Buffer Stock”), as determined by mutual agreement of the parties, subject to Section 6.5(b). Kureha will regularly update the Compound maintained as Buffer Stock so that it complies with the Compound warranty in Section 8.2. Ocera shall carry and cause its Sublicensees to carry reasonable quantity of inventory of the Compound.

(b)    Minimum Buffer Stock. The level of Buffer Stock will be expressed as a number of months of supply of the Compound and will be determined based upon the quantities specified in the most recent applicable Six Month Estimate. The Buffer Stock shall not be less than (i) 9 months supply of the Compound at any time there is only one manufacturing facility available for the manufacture of the Compound by or for Kureha, or (ii) 4 months supply of the Compound at any time there is more than one qualified or validated manufacturing facility available for the manufacture of the Compound by or for Kureha (the “Minimum Buffer Stock”).
(c)    Cost of Carrying Buffer Stock. The cost of carrying Buffer Stock and insuring the same shall be borne by Kureha. The cost of carrying an inventory of the Compound, other than the Buffer Stock, and insuring the same shall be borne by Ocera or its Sublicensees.
6.7    Second Storage Facility. Not later than 6 months prior to the anticipated date of commercialization contained in Ocera’s notice under Section 3.1 or 1 year after such notice, whichever is later, Kureha will qualify and thereafter keep qualified an additional storage facility to store a part of the Buffer Stock (a “Second Storage Facility”). The Second Storage Facility will be located approximately 80 kilometers away from, then existing storage facility. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, no less than [*] of the Minimum Buffer Stock will be stored at the Second Storage Facility. Notwithstanding any provisions hereof, the cost of qualifying and keeping qualified the Second Storage Facility, storage fee for the Buffer Stock at the Second Storage Facility (but the storage fee shall not include the cost of transporting any Buffer Stock to the Second Storage Facility) shall be borne by Ocera. Kureha shall provide Ocera with an estimated budget of such cost and storage fee annually, and Ocera may discuss such cost and storage fee with Kureha. The selection of the site of the Second Storage Facility and the annual budget for such cost and storage fee shall be subject to mutual agreement by Kureha and Ocera, such agreement shall not to be unreasonably withheld. Notwithstanding any provisions hereof, if Kureha and Ocera do not reach agreement on the site of the Second Storage Facility and the annual budget for such cost and storage fee, Kureha does not have any obligation to store any Buffer Stock at the Second Storage Facility.
6.8    Manufacturing Rights.
(a)    Kureha shall use commercially reasonable efforts to avoid shortfalls in supply of the Compound based on the Forecast provided by Ocera or its Sublicensees and subject to Ocera and its Sublicensees complying with Sections 2.3, 3.2 and 3.3. In the event Kureha is unable to supply to Ocera or its Sublicensee, in whole or in part, the Compound based on any Six Month Estimate, for any reason (except to the extent caused by Ocera or any of its Sublicensees), then, Kureha shall promptly notify Ocera and/or its Sublicensees, in writing, of such shortage, or potential shortage, or inability to timely supply the Compound and, if possible, the date when Kureha will again be able to supply the Compound. For avoidance of doubt, even during such period, Kureha shall not be released from the obligation to continue supply of the Compound to Ocera and its Sublicensees. Kureha will use commercially reasonable efforts to remedy any shortfall of the Compound as soon as practicable and allocate available production capacity for the Compound in a fair and equitable manner among its customers. In addition, Kureha shall notify Ocera when Kureha anticipates that it will utilize Buffer Stock to satisfy any Six Month Estimate and when Kureha actually does utilize Buffer Stock to satisfy any Purchase Orders, including in each case the extent to which the Buffer Stock is anticipated to be utilized or is
actually utilized, as applicable. Kureha further agrees to notify Ocera as to how quickly any resulting anticipated or actual shortfall in Buffer Stock will be remedied.
(b)    At any time during the Term, in the event that (x) Kureha is unable or unwilling to supply the Compound to Ocera or its Sublicensees and so notifies Ocera, (y) Kureha notifies Ocera under Section 6.7(a) that it is or will be unable to supply the Compound to Ocera or its Sublicensees, or (z) Ocera reasonably believes that Kureha will be unable to supply the Compound and Ocera notifies Kureha of such concern, then the parties will discuss appropriate remedies within a period to be mutually agreed by the parties. If, following such discussion, Kureha does not promptly resume the supply of the Compound to Ocera and its Sublicensees according to the Six Month Estimate or the parties have not agreed to an alternative resolution, Kureha shall promptly elect by written notice to Ocera either of the following: Kureha will (i) at Kureha’s sole expense, have a Third Party contract manufacturer selected by Kureha with Ocera’s prior written approval supply the Compound to Ocera and its Sublicensees on behalf of Kureha, or (ii) allow Ocera or its Sublicensee to manufacture itself or to have manufactured by any Third Party the Compound in the Licensed Territory solely for use and sale in the Field and in the Licensed Territory under Kureha’s pharmaceutical manufacturing process technology for the Compound, in order to satisfy Ocera’s and its Sublicensees’ requirements of the Compound (the “Manufacturing Right”). Promptly upon the Manufacturing Right becoming effective as specified in subsection (ii) of the preceding sentence, upon mutual agreement of plan and conditions of transfer which shall not be unreasonably withheld and shall be undertaken and completed as promptly as commercially possible, Kureha will transfer to Ocera or its Sublicensee, or a Third Party contract manufacturer designated by Ocera, all information, data, know-how and materials regarding Kureha’s pharmaceutical manufacturing process technology for the Compound that are necessary for the manufacture of the Compound and will cooperate in enabling Ocera or its Sublicensee or the designated Third Party contract manufacturer to manufacture and supply the Compound pursuant to the Manufacturing Right, which transfer and cooperation will be at Kureha’s own expense. Ocera shall have the Manufacturing Right until such time as Kureha has resumed and restored its capability to manufacture and supply Ocera’s and its Sublicensees’ requirements of the Compound and recommences its manufacture and supply of the Compound, or if longer, for the duration of any commercially reasonable obligation to purchase the Compound from any Third Party contract manufacturer imposed on Ocera and its Sublicensees based on the exercise of the Manufacturing Right. If Ocera and its Sublicensees continue to have obligations to purchase the Compound from any Third Party contract manufacturer based on the exercise of the Manufacturing Right after Kureha has resumed its capability to manufacture and supply the Compound under this Agreement, Ocera and its Sublicensees will purchase such portion, if any, of their requirements of the Compound from Kureha pursuant to this Agreement as can be purchased given the obligations to such Third Party contract manufacturer. When assessing Third Party contract manufacturers in connection with the exercise of the Manufacturing Right, Ocera will consider any Third Party contract manufacturers suggested by Kureha and will in good faith attempt to select a Third Party contract manufacturer that will permit Kureha to resume manufacture and supply under this Agreement as promptly as possible after it is able to do so, subject to commercially reasonable considerations of material differences in qualification, reliability, pricing, quality and other similar factors, considered as a whole, with respect to such potential Third Party contract manufacturers. Kureha shall provide Ocera with written notice of its ability to recommence manufacturing and supplying Ocera and its Sublicensees with their requirements of the
Compound no less than 6 months in advance. If Ocera exercises the Manufacturing Right, Kureha will reimburse Ocera for all reasonable and documented out‑of‑pocket costs for (A) transferring Kureha’s pharmaceutical manufacturing process technology, (B) laboratory trials, (C) writing and filing of a DMF, incurred by Ocera and, if applicable, its Sublicensees related directly to the transfer of Manufacturing Rights and (D) other out-of-pocket costs which are evidenced by documentation to be related to the transfer and are approved by Kureha in writing in advance of Kureha’s discretion provided, however, that even if Kureha does not approve such out-of-pocket costs, Ocera may ask for discussion with Kureha on burden of such out-of-pocket costs. Kureha and Ocera will use commercially reasonable efforts to negotiate commercially reasonable terms for such license of the Manufacturing Right, provided however such terms shall take into account the fact that Kureha is no longer supplying the Compound to Ocera pursuant to this Agreement and provided further that the transfer of the technology itself shall take place in parallel with the negotiation of the terms for the license.
6.9    Compensation to Ocera. In the event that (a) Ocera has provided Kureha with a Purchase Order pursuant to Section 3.3 hereof, and Kureha does not supply the Compound specified in such Purchase Order in accordance with the Compound warranty in Section 8.2, and (b) Kureha has not kept the Buffer Stock in accordance with Section 6.5 at the time when Kureha does not supply the Compound as provided in subsection (a) above, then Kureha will compensate Ocera for the Compensation Amount. For purposes hereof, the “Compensation Amount” shall equal [ * ] of Ocera’s actual loss of the Gross Margin on Products, if any, resulting from Kureha’s failure to supply the Compound specified in such Purchase Order that had been ordered but which orders have been cancelled due to Kureha’s failure to supply the Compound. Payment of such Compensation Amount shall be made by deducting the Compensation Amount (a) first from any payment of royalties to be made by Ocera under Article 3.3 of the License Agreement, and (b) then from any future milestone payment to be made by Ocera under Article 3.2 of the License Agreement; provided that, if any of such Compensation Amount remains after the deductions in subsections (a) and (b), Kureha shall pay any remaining compensation not previously deducted in accordance with subsections (a) and (b) in cash promptly upon written notice from Ocera. An example of the calculation of the Compensation Amount is set forth in EXHIBIT A.

7.
REGULATORY.
7.1    cGMP Compliance and QA Audits. Upon written request with reasonable advance notice to Kureha, Ocera or its Sublicensee shall have the right to have representatives visit Kureha’s manufacturing facilities during normal business hours to review Kureha’s manufacturing operations and assess its compliance with cGMP and quality assurance standards and to discuss any related issues with Kureha’s manufacturing and management personnel. Such visits shall not unreasonably interrupt Kureha’s manufacturing activities.
7.2    FDA and Regulatory Support. Kureha will (i) establish and maintain a DMF in accordance with the requirements of the FDA, as well as any comparable files required by regulatory authorities in other countries within the Licensed Territory, (ii) provide Ocera and its Sublicensees letters of authorization to cross‑reference the DMF and any other comparable files and (iii) further provide Ocera and its Sublicensees with all necessary information and data
regarding the manufacture of the Compound to the extent necessary for Ocera and its Sublicensees to prepare and defend any inquiries from the FDA or to satisfy regulatory requirements in the Licensed Territory. Kureha further agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to assist Ocera and its Sublicensees in obtaining FDA approval for its NDA with respect to Product, as well as approvals from any other government or agency which may be required for the marketing of Product in any other country within the Licensed Territory. Kureha specifically agrees to cooperate with any inspection by the FDA or other regulatory agency, including but not limited to any inspection from the FDA prior to approval of Ocera’s NDA for Product. Kureha shall notify Ocera and its Sublicensees in case of any FDA or relevant regulatory agency’s inspection with prior notice promptly upon receipt of notice of inspection, or in case of any FDA or other relevant regulatory agency’s inspection without prior notice, within 3 business days of any FDA or other relevant regulatory agency’s inspection relating to the Compound or any Compound related facility and, at the conclusion of such inspection, shall furnish Ocera and its Sublicensees a copy of any Form 483 or equivalent observations within 24 hours of the receipt of a copy of any Form 483. Ocera and Kureha will formulate the response to the FDA or other regulatory agency regarding 483 or equivalent observations in consultation with each other. Copies of all other documentation, except for any confidential information, including Kureha’s draft response relating to such inspection, shall be provided to Ocera within 5 business days of the conclusion of such inspection for review prior to communicating with the FDA or other regulatory agency for Ocera’s comments on the draft. In addition, Kureha shall notify Ocera and its Sublicensees within 3 business days of any other regulatory actions or communications (other than ministerial, non-substantive communications) relating to the Compound or any Compound related facility. The parties shall confer with each other with respect to any response regarding such action or communication and the best means to comply with such action or communication. In case the Form 483 or any other equivalent observations are relevant to Ocera’s Marketing Authorization Applications, the parties shall not only confer with each other with respect to any response regarding such action or communication, but will reach a mutual agreement of the content of the response.
7.3    Compliance with Laws. Kureha shall comply with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to the manufacture and supply of the Compound, including, without limitation all laws and regulations of such territories applicable to the transportation (as per Section 3.4 hereof), storage, use, handling and disposal of hazardous materials. Kureha represents and warrants to Ocera that it has and will maintain during the Term all government permits, including, without limitation, health, safety and environmental permits, necessary for the manufacture and supply of the Compound.
7.4    Documentation. From time to time, Ocera will inform any additional laws and requirements that are necessary for the Compound for use in the Field and in the Licensed Territory. Kureha shall keep relevant complete, accurate and authentic accounts, notes, data and records of the work performed under this Agreement (including, without limitation, batch records and supportive analytical data). Each party shall maintain complete and adequate records pertaining to the methods and facilities used for the manufacture, processing, testing, packing, labeling, holding and distribution of the Compound in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations so that the Compound may be used in humans; provided, however, that Ocera shall from time to time notify Kureha of such laws and regulations to be complied with by Kureha. Documents to be kept or maintained under this Section 7.4 must be retained for a period of at least 25 years, unless earlier destruction is confirmed and agreed by Ocera in writing. No such documents shall be destroyed without Ocera’s written consent.
8.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.
8.1    Mutual Representations and Warranties. Each party represents and warrants to the other that: (a) it is duly organized and validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation, and has full corporate or other power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out the provisions hereof; (b) it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder, and the person or persons executing this Agreement on its behalf has been duly authorized to do so by all requisite corporate or partnership action; and (c) this Agreement is legally binding upon it, enforceable in accordance with its terms, and does not conflict with any agreement, instrument or understanding, oral or written, to which it is a party or by which it may be bound, nor violate any material law or regulation of any court, governmental body or administrative or other agency having jurisdiction over it.
8.2    Compound Warranty. Kureha represents and warrants that all Compound delivered by Kureha to Ocera or its Sublicensee will (i) be manufactured in accordance with cGMPs and other applicable U.S. domestic and ICH Guidelines’ rules and regulations, and (ii) conform to the applicable Specifications at the time of delivery. Kureha represents and warrants that all Compound delivered by Kureha to Ocera or its Sublicensee at the time of delivery to Ocera or its Sublicensee, shall not be adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of the FD&C Act. Ocera’s remedies and Kureha’s liability with respect to this warranty are set forth in Section 5.4 and, if applicable, Section 6.8. This warranty is the only warranty made by Kureha with respect to the Compound delivered hereunder, and may only be modified or amended by a written instrument signed by a duly authorized officer of Kureha and accepted by Ocera.
8.3    No Debarred or Disqualified Persons. Kureha represents and warrants that it shall not employ, contract with, or retain any person directly or indirectly to perform any services under this Agreement if such a person is under investigation by the FDA for debarment or is presently debarred by the FDA pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 335a or its successor provisions. Kureha further represents and warrants that it has not engaged in any conduct or activity which could lead to any of the above-mentioned disqualification or debarment actions. If, during the Term, Kureha or any person employed or retained by it to perform work on the manufacture of the Compound (i) comes under investigation by the FDA for a debarment action or disqualification, (ii) is debarred or disqualified, or (iii) engages in any conduct or activity that could lead to any of the above-mentioned disqualification or debarment actions, Kureha shall immediately, upon becoming aware of such investigations, conduct or activity, notify Ocera of same.
8.4    Disclaimer. Except as expressly set forth herein or in the License Agreement, THE COMPOUND SUPPLIED BY KUREHA HEREUNDER IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND KUREHA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE WARRANTIES OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES, OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICES, IN ALL CASES WITH RESPECT THERETO. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Kureha expressly does not warrant (a) the success of any Compound or Product or (b) the safety or usefulness for any purpose of the Compound it provides hereunder.
9.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.
NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM THE OTHER PARTY ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY RIGHTS GRANTED HEREUNDER; provided, however, that this provision shall not be construed to limit the provisions set forth in Section 6.8 hereof, or either party’s right to seek damages for breach of confidentiality provisions, or for indemnification obligations for third party claims under Section 11 of this Agreement.
10.
TERM AND TERMINATION.
10.1    Term. The term of this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until terminated as provided in this Section 10 (the “Term”).
10.2    Termination of Agreement by Ocera. Ocera may terminate this Agreement at any time following expiration of the License Agreement upon 6 months’ prior written notice to Kureha.
10.3    Termination of Agreement for Material Breach. Each party may terminate this Agreement for material breach of this Agreement by the other party upon 60 days’ written notice specifying the nature of the breach, if such breach has not been cured within such 60 day period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a party receives a written notice of termination notifying that it is in breach of a material provision of this Agreement, and, within 15 days after receipt of such notice of breach, such party in good faith disputes such allegation of breach, then such dispute shall be resolved under the procedures set forth in Section 12.1 below, in which case this Agreement shall not be terminated and shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with their terms pending resolution in accordance with Section 12.1.
10.4    Termination of Agreement for Bankruptcy. Each party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon or after the Insolvency, Bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of the other party (other than a dissolution or winding up for the purpose of merger or recapitalization). As used herein, “Insolvency” means the first day when a party becomes unable to pay its debts as they become due and “Bankruptcy” means (i) where bankruptcy proceedings are instituted against a party for bankruptcy and such proceedings are not dismissed or withdrawn within 90 days after the initiation thereof, the first day after such 90 day period and (ii) where bankruptcy proceedings are instituted by the party, the day on which such proceedings are filed with a court.
10.5    Termination of Agreement Upon Early Termination of License Agreement. This Agreement will automatically terminate upon the early termination of the License Agreement in accordance with the terms of the License Agreement. Upon the expiration of the License Agreement in accordance with the terms of the License Agreement, this Agreement will remain in effect in accordance with its terms; provided that the parties will discuss whether there should be any change in the transfer price of the Compound.
10.6    Survival. Termination of this Agreement will not relieve the parties of any obligation accruing prior to such termination. Sections 1, 7.2, 7.4, 8.4, 9, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 11 and 12 will survive termination of this Agreement. Termination of this Agreement shall not limit any other rights and remedies of the parties.
10.7    Exercise of Right to Terminate. The use by either party hereto of a termination right provided for under this Agreement shall not give rise to the payment of damages or any other form of compensation or relief to the other party with respect thereto.
10.8    Damages; Relief. Subject to Section 10.7 above, termination of this Agreement shall not preclude either party from claiming any other damages, compensation or relief that it may be entitled to upon such termination.
11.
INDEMNIFICATION.
11.1    Indemnification by Ocera. Ocera hereby agrees to save, defend and hold Kureha and its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (each, a “Kureha Indemnitee”) harmless from and against any and all claims, suits, actions, demands, liabilities, expenses and/or loss, including reasonable legal expense and attorneys’ fees (collectively, “Losses”), to which any Kureha Indemnitee may become subject as a result of any claim, demand, action or other proceeding by any Third Party to the extent such Losses arise directly or indirectly out of: (i) the manufacture, use, handling, storage, sale or other disposition of any Compound or Product by Ocera or any of its Sublicensees, or a Third Party contractor acting on behalf of Ocera or any of its Sublicensees, or (ii) the breach by Ocera of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Ocera in this Agreement; except, in each case, to the extent such Losses result from the negligence or willful misconduct of any Kureha Indemnitee or the breach by Kureha of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Kureha in this Agreement.
11.2    Indemnification by Kureha. Kureha hereby agrees to save, defend and hold Ocera and its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (each, a “Ocera Indemnitee”) harmless from and against any and all Losses to which any Ocera Indemnitee may become subject as a result of any claim, demand, action or other proceeding by any Third Party to the extent such Losses arise directly or indirectly out of: (i) the manufacture, use, handling, storage, sale or other disposition of any Product by Kureha or its Affiliates or licensees (other than Ocera or its Sublicensees), or any Third Party contractor acting on behalf of Kureha or any of its Affiliates; or (ii) the breach by Kureha of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Kureha in this Agreement; except, in each case, to the extent such Losses result from the negligence or willful misconduct of any Ocera Indemnitee or the breach by Ocera of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Ocera in this Agreement.
11.3    Control of Defense. Any entity entitled to indemnification under this Section 11 shall give notice to the indemnifying party of any Losses that may be subject to indemnification, promptly after learning of such Losses, and the indemnifying party shall assume the defense of such Losses with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such defense is assumed by the indemnifying party with counsel so selected, the indemnifying party will not be subject to any liability for any settlement of such Losses made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), and will not be obligated to pay the fees and expenses of any separate counsel retained by the indemnified party with respect to such Losses.
11.4    Insurance. Each party, at its own expense, shall maintain appropriate general liability insurance and product liability insurance with respect to its activities under this Agreement in an amount consistent with industry standards during the Term. Each party shall provide to the other party, upon request of the other party, an insurance certificate which does not contain insured amount.
12.
MISCELLANEOUS.
12.1    Dispute Resolution. In the event of any controversy or claim arising out of, relating to or in connection with any provision of this Agreement, the parties shall try to settle their differences amicably between themselves first, by referring the disputed matter to the Chief Executive Officer of Ocera and the General Manager of Pharmaceuticals Division of Kureha. Either party may initiate such informal dispute resolution by sending written notice of the dispute to the other party, and, within 20 days after such notice, such representatives of the parties shall meet for attempted resolution by good faith negotiations. If the representative of the parties have not been able to resolve the dispute within 30 days after such mediation hearing, then any and all claims, disputes or controversies arising under, out of, or in connection with this Agreement, shall be resolved by final and binding compulsory arbitration in San Diego, the United States of America, or Tokyo, Japan pursuant to and in accordance with the then-current Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce. Where Kureha initiates the arbitration, the arbitration will be held in San Diego, the United States of America, and where Ocera initiates the arbitration, the arbitration will be held in Tokyo, Japan. The arbitration shall be conducted by a panel of three persons experienced in the pharmaceutical industry, none of whom shall be a current or former employee or director, or a then-current stockholder, of either party, their respective Affiliates or any Sublicensee. Within 30 days after receipt of the original notice of binding arbitration, each party shall select one person to act as arbitrator and the two party-selected arbitrators shall select a third arbitrator within 15 days of their appointment. Either party may apply to the arbitrators for interim injunctive relief until the arbitrators have rendered their decision or the controversy is otherwise resolved. Either party may also, without waiving any remedy under this Agreement, seek from any court having jurisdiction any injunctive or provisional relief necessary to protect the rights or property of that party pending the arbitrators’ decision. The arbitrators shall have no power to add to, subtract from or modify any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement, nor to award punitive damages. Any award rendered in such arbitration may be enforced by either party in any court having jurisdiction. Each party shall bear its own costs and expenses and attorneys’ fees and an equal share of the arbitrators’ fees and any administrative fees of arbitration, provided that the arbitrators shall be authorized to determine whether a party is the prevailing party, and if so, to award to that prevailing party reimbursement for its reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, in connection with arbitration of such controversy or claim. By agreeing to this binding arbitration provision, the parties understand that they are waiving certain rights and protections which may otherwise be available if a dispute between the parties were determined by litigation in court, including, without limitation, the right to seek or obtain certain types of damages precluded by this provision, the right to a jury trial and certain rights of appeal. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, any dispute, controversy or claim that concerns (a) the validity or infringement of a patent, trademark or copyright; or (b) any antitrust, anti-monopoly or competition law or regulation, whether or not statutory, shall not be subject to the arbitration provisions of this Section 12.1.
12.2    Confidentiality. Section 9 of the License Agreement shall apply to any Information (as defined in the License Agreement) furnished to a party by the other party pursuant to this Agreement or any Information developed by the other party hereunder, which shall be included as Confidential Information under the License Agreement; provided, however that the obligations under Section 9 of the License Agreement with respect to Confidential Information furnished or provided pursuant to this Agreement shall continue in effect during the Term of this Agreement and for 10 years thereafter.
12.3    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, excluding its conflicts of laws principles.
12.4    Entire Agreement; Modification. This Agreement is both a final expression of the parties’ agreement and a complete and exclusive statement with respect to all of its terms. This Agreement supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and communications, whether oral, written or otherwise, concerning the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may only be modified or supplemented in a writing expressly stated for such purpose and signed by the parties to this Agreement.
12.5    Relationship Between the Parties. The parties’ relationship, as established by this Agreement, is solely that of independent contractors. This Agreement does not create any partnership, joint venture or similar business relationship between the parties. Neither party is a legal representative of the other party, and neither party can assume or create any obligation, representation, warranty or guarantee, express or implied, on behalf of the other party for any purpose whatsoever.
12.6    Non-Waiver. The failure of a party to insist upon strict performance of any provision of this Agreement or to exercise any right arising out of this Agreement shall neither impair that provision or right nor constitute a waiver of that provision or right, in whole or in part, in that instance or in any other instance. Any waiver by a party of a particular provision or right shall be in writing, shall be as to a particular matter and, if applicable, for a particular period of time and shall be signed by such party.
12.7    Assignment. Except as expressly provided hereunder, neither this Agreement nor any rights or obligations hereunder may be assigned or otherwise transferred by either party without the prior written consent of the other party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld); provided, however, that either party may assign this Agreement and its rights and obligations hereunder without the other party’s consent:
(a)    in connection with the transfer or sale of all or substantially all of the business of such party to which this Agreement relates to a Third Party to whom such party may assign the License Agreement and its rights and obligations thereunder, whether by merger, sale of stock, sale of assets or otherwise; provided that in the event of a transaction (whether this Agreement is actually assigned or is assumed by the acquiring party by operation of law (e.g., in the context of a reverse triangular merger)), intellectual property rights of the acquiring party to such transaction (if other than one of the parties to this Agreement) shall not be included in the technology licensed hereunder; or
(b)    to an Affiliate, provided that the assigning party shall remain liable and responsible to the non‑assigning party hereto for the performance and observance of all such duties and obligations by such Affiliate.
The rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of the parties. Any assignment not in accordance with this Agreement shall be void.
12.8    No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is neither expressly nor impliedly made for the benefit of any party other than those executing it.
12.9    Severability. If, for any reason, any part of this Agreement is adjudicated invalid, unenforceable or illegal by a court of competent jurisdiction, such adjudication shall not affect or impair, in whole or in part, the validity, enforceability or legality of any remaining portions of this Agreement. All remaining portions shall remain in full force and effect as if the original Agreement had been executed without the invalidated, unenforceable or illegal part.
12.10    Notices. Any notice to be given under this Agreement must be in writing and delivered either in person, by any method of mail (postage prepaid) requiring return receipt, or by overnight courier or facsimile confirmed thereafter by any of the foregoing, to the party to be notified at its address(es) given below, or at any address such party has previously designated by prior written notice to the other. Notice shall be deemed sufficiently given for all purposes upon the earliest of: (a) the date of actual receipt; (b) if mailed, three days after the date of postmark; or (c) if delivered by overnight courier, the next business day the overnight courier regularly makes deliveries.
If to Ocera, notices must be addressed to:
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
12651 High Bluff Drive, Suite 230
San Diego, CA 92130
United States of America
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
Telephone: +1-858-436-3901
Facsimile: +1-858-436-3999
If to Kureha, notices must be addressed to:
Kureha Corporation
3-3-2, Nihonbashi-Hamacho
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8552
Japan
Attention: General Manager, Pharmaceuticals Division
Telephone: +81-3-3249-4729
Facsimile: +81-3-3249-4730
12.11    Force Majeure. Except for the obligation to make payment when due (which shall be fairly adjusted as a result of the effect of the applicable force majeure), each party shall be excused from liability for the failure or delay in performance of any obligation under this Agreement by reason of any event beyond such party’s reasonable control including but not limited to acts of God (including, without limitation, earthquake, fire, flood, atmospheric disturbance, lightning, storm, typhoon, tornado, landslide, soil erosion, subsidence and epidemic), strikes, lock outs, acts of war, civil disorder or other similar events not within the reasonable control of the party concerned that render performance by such party of its obligations under this Agreement impossible; provided, however, that in no event shall an event that makes performance by a party of its obligations under this Agreement impossible solely due to the economic condition of such party be considered a force majeure event. Such excuse from liability shall be effective only to the extent and duration of the event(s) causing the failure or delay in performance and provided that the party has not caused such event(s) to occur. Notice of a party’s failure or delay in performance due to force majeure must be given to the other party within 10 days after its occurrence. All delivery dates under this Agreement that have been affected by force majeure shall be tolled for the duration of such force majeure. In no event shall any party be required to prevent or settle any labor disturbance or dispute. Notwithstanding the foregoing, should the event(s) of force majeure suffered by a party extend beyond a three‑month period, the other party may then terminate this Agreement by written notice to the non-performing party, with the consequences of such termination as set forth in Sections 10.7 and 10.8. |
12.12    Interpretation.
(a)    Captions & Headings. The captions and headings of clauses contained in this Agreement preceding the text of the articles, sections, subsections and paragraphs hereof are inserted solely for convenience and ease of reference only and shall not constitute any part of this Agreement, or have any effect on its interpretation or construction.
(b)    Singular & Plural. All references in this Agreement to the singular shall include the plural where applicable, and all references to gender shall include both genders and the neuter. The term “including” shall not be deemed to be exclusive.
(c)    Articles, Sections & Subsections. Unless otherwise specified, references in this Agreement to any article shall include all sections, subsections, and paragraphs in such article; references in this Agreement to any section shall include all subsections and paragraphs in such sections; and references in this Agreement to any subsection shall include all paragraphs in such subsection.
(d)    Days. All references to days in this Agreement shall mean calendar days, unless otherwise specified.
(e)    Ambiguities. Ambiguities and uncertainties in this Agreement, if any, shall not be interpreted against either party, irrespective of which party may be deemed to have caused the ambiguity or uncertainty to exist.
(f)    English Language. This Agreement has been prepared in the English language and the English language shall control its interpretation. In addition, all notices required or permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be in the English language.
12.13    Counterparts; Facsimile. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original document, and all of which, together with this writing, shall be deemed one instrument. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile and upon such delivery the facsimile signature will be deemed to have the same effect as if the original signature had been delivered to the other party.
[Remainder of this page intentionally left blank.]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY AGREEMENT on the Effective Date.
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
Kureha Corporation
 
 
By: s/Laurent Fischer
By: s/ Mashahiko Fujii
Printed Name: Laurent Fischer, M.D.
Printed Name: Mashahiko Fujii, Ph.D.
 
 
Title: President & CEO
Title: Executive Vice President & General Manager,
          Pharmaceuticals Division









EXHIBIT A

Example of how to calculate the Compensation Amount:
(i) Ocera provides to Kureha the Purchase Order for the Compound of [ * ] based on Six Month Estimate:
(ii) Ocera has accepted purchase orders from its customers for the Products of [ * ] which will be manufactured by using the Compound specified in such Purchase Order, and transfer price of the Product for such purchase order is [ * ] ;
(iii) Kureha provides to Ocera [ * ] and does not provide the rest of Compound specified in such Purchase Order (i.e. [*]) to Ocera for Kureha’s fault, and Kureha has not kept the Buffer Stock in accordance with Section 6.5 at that time;
(iv) Ocera has the Compound of [*] and the Products of [*], under its own inventory at that time;
(v) Ocera sells Products of [ * ] to such customers by using such inventory of the Compound and the Products and the Compound of [ * ] provided by Kureha, and fails to sells to such customers the rest of Products specified in such purchase orders (i.e. [ * ] ); and
(vi) Ocera’s Gross Martin for such purchase orders is [ * ]


[                *                        ]

1    
EX-10.4 5 exhibit104kurehaclinicalma.htm EXHIBIT 10.4 Exhibit 10.4 KurehaClinicalManufactureandSupplyAgreement
CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT HAS BEEN REQUESTED.


CLINICAL MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY AGREEMENT
THIS CLINICAL MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is entered into as of December 22, 2005 (the “CSA Effective Date”), by and between OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC. (“Ocera”), a Delaware corporation, having an address of 11622 El Camino Real, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92130, United States of America, and KUREHA CORPORATION, a Japanese corporation (“Kureha”), having an address of 3-3-2, Nihonbashi Hama-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8552, Japan.
RECITALS
WHEREAS, Ocera (formerly known as Renovia, Inc.) and Kureha have entered into a License Agreement, effective as of August 31, 2005, which relates to the Compound (as defined below) as may be amended in accordance with the terms thereof (the “License Agreement”); and
WHEREAS, Kureha wishes to manufacture and supply to Ocera, and Ocera wishes to purchase from Kureha, the Clinical Supply (as defined below) for clinical use for development of the Product by Ocera under the License Agreement in accordance with applicable requirements of the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”).
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and premises contained in this Agreement, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1.
DEFINITIONS.

1.1    “Affiliate” shall mean any company or entity controlled by, controlling, or under common control with a party hereto. For the purpose of this definition, a business entity shall be deemed to "control" another business entity, if it owns directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities, capital stock, or other comparable equity or ownership interest of such business entity, or exercises equivalent influence over such entity.
1.2    “Certificate of Analysis” shall have the meaning provided in Section 5.3(b).
1.3    “cGMP” shall mean the current good manufacturing practices required by the FDA for the manufacture and testing of pharmaceutical materials, and the corresponding applicable requirements of the regulatory authority of each country in the Licensed Territory (as defined below).
1.4    “Clinical Supply” shall mean either the Compound in bulk form, the Compound in packaged form as further described in Section 2.1(c), and/or placebo in packaged form as further described in Section 2.1(c).
1.5    “Compound” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.6    “DMF” (Drug Master File) shall mean a submission to the FDA that may be used to provide confidential detailed information about facilities, processes, or articles used in the manufacturing, processing, packaging, and storing of one or more human drugs.
1.7    “FD&C Act” shall mean the United States Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and any regulations promulgated thereunder.
1.8    “Field” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.9    “Forecast” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.1.
1.10    Initial Supply shall mean 120kg of the Compound.
1.11    “Kureha Indemnitee” shall have the meaning provided in Section 11.1.
1.12    “Licensed Territory” shall have the meaning provided in the License Agreement.
1.13    “Losses” shall have the meaning provided in Section 11.1
1.14    “Manufacturing Process” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.3.
1.15    “NDA” shall mean a New Drug Application (as more fully defined in 21 C.F.R. 314.5 et seq.) and all amendments and supplements thereto filed with the FDA, or the equivalent application filed with any equivalent agency or governmental authority in the Licensed Territory outside the United States of America (including any supra-national agency such as in the European Union), including all documents, data, and other information concerning a pharmaceutical product which are necessary for gaining Regulatory Approval to market and sell such pharmaceutical product.
1.16    “Ocera Indemnitee” shall have the meaning provided in Section 11.2.
1.17    “Other Changes” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.3.
1.18    “Pre-Approved Changes” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.3.
1.19    “Product” shall mean a product that contains any Compound, including all formulations and modes of administration thereof.
1.20    “Raw Materials” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.1.
1.21    “Specifications” shall mean the regulatory, manufacturing, quality control and quality assurance procedures, processes, practices, standards, instructions and any other attributes that the parties agree upon, or that are otherwise required, in connection with the manufacture and packaging, as applicable, of Clinical Supply, as set forth on REF-1, to be confidentially kept by Ocera separately, as may be amended from time to time by written agreement of the parties pursuant to Section 5.3.
1.22    “Sublicensee” shall mean a Third Party or an Affiliate of Ocera to whom Ocera has granted a sublicense of the right to develop, finish and fill, use, distribute for sale, promote, market, offer for sale, sell, have sold, import or export Products, beyond the mere right to purchase Product, under the License Agreement. Sublicensee shall include a Third Party or an Affiliate to whom Ocera's Sublicensee has granted a further sublicense as permitted under the License Agreement.
1.23    “Term” shall have the meaning provided in Section 10.1.
1.24    “Third Party” shall mean any entity other than Kureha or Ocera or an Affiliate of Kureha or Ocera.
1.25    “Transfer Price” shall have the meaning provided in Section 4.1.
2.
PURCHASE AND SUPPLY.
2.1    Clinical Purchase and Supply.
(a)    Compound Supply. For the initial set of clinical trials in the Field in the Licensed Territory to be performed by Ocera under the License Agreement, Kureha shall manufacture and supply to Ocera a minimum of 120 kg of the Compound (the “Initial Supply”), and subsequently Kureha shall supply such additional amounts of the Compound as Ocera requests, based on the Forecasts (as defined below) and pursuant to purchase orders submitted pursuant to Section 3.1. Kureha will provide the Clinical Supply to Ocera in bulk quantities only; provided, however, that Kureha will provide the Clinical Supply to Ocera in packaged form upon Ocera’s request, subject to mutual agreement of the parties. Kureha agrees to enter into clinical manufacture and supply agreements, with economic and other fundamental terms substantially equivalent to the terms herein, with Sublicensees.
(b)    Placebo Supply. Ocera shall procure placebo necessary for the development hereunder at Ocera’s expense and risk. For the initial set of clinical trials, about 150kg of placebo shall be provided by Ocera. Kureha shall assist Ocera in contacting Schwarz Pharma in order for Ocera to obtain the equivalent Kremezin placebo.
(c)    Packaging. Kureha shall package the Compound and placebo set forth in Sections 2.1(a) and (b) in accordance with packaging instructions set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto and other applicable rules and regulations.
3.
FORECASTS AND PURCHASE ORDERS.
3.1    Forecasts. Approximately once per month during the Term, and at least 90 days prior to the requested delivery date of Clinical Supply (other than the Initial Supply), Ocera shall
provide Kureha with a written forecast of its estimated orders for Clinical Supply, which shall set forth a quantity of such estimated orders (each a “Forecast”). Each Forecast is a non-binding estimate and shall not obligate Ocera to purchase the volume of Clinical Supply set forth in it. Kureha agrees to provide prompt written notice to Ocera upon the occurrence of any circumstances which may interfere with Kureha’s ability to fulfill Clinical Supply pursuant to any Forecast. The parties shall work together in good faith to resolve any such issues.
3.2    Purchase Orders. Ocera shall order Clinical Supply (other than the Initial Supply) within the range between [*] of the applicable Forecast by submitting written purchase orders 60 days prior to the requested delivery date, in such form as the parties shall agree, to Kureha specifying the quantities of Clinical Supply ordered, the desired delivery date for such Clinical Supply and any other terms and conditions for such Clinical Supply. Ocera shall order Clinical Supply in lots of a defined number of units/lot pursuant to each purchase order as reasonably specified by Kureha. Kureha shall make each shipment of Clinical Supply in the quantity and on the shipment date specified for it on Ocera’s purchase order, via the mode(s) of transportation and to the party and destination specified on such purchase order. Any purchase orders for Clinical Supply submitted by Ocera to Kureha shall reference this Agreement and shall be governed exclusively by the terms contained herein. The parties hereby agree that the terms and conditions of this Agreement shall supersede any term or condition in any order, confirmation or other document furnished by Ocera or Kureha that is in any way inconsistent with these terms and conditions.
3.3    Delivery. Kureha shall pack for shipment in accordance with the procedures provided by Ocera and ship the Clinical Supply with a common carrier selected by Kureha to a destination specified in the applicable purchase order. Deliveries of the Clinical Supply shall be made FCA Narita Airport (Incoterms 2000) on the delivery date specified in the applicable purchase order.
4.    PAYMENT TERMS.
4.1    Price. Ocera shall pay Kureha a transfer price FCA Narita Airport (Incoterms 2000) of [*] per gram of the Compound (the “Transfer Price”) for the Compound supplied by Kureha to Ocera for clinical purposes (including formulation development, toxicology pharmacology studies and studies required by the FDA for full NDA approval). The Transfer Price shall include all costs of manufacture and testing of the Compound conducted by Kureha. Stability testing shall not be included in the testing included in the Transfer Price. The Transfer Price shall remain in effect for the Term. Additionally, upon Ocera’s written request, Kureha will package the Compound or placebo pursuant to Section 2.1(c). The price for the packaging of the initial 120 kg of Compound and initial 150 kg of placebo are as set forth in Exhibit B attached hereto.
4.2    Method of Payment. Except as otherwise agreed between the parties herein, all payments due hereunder to Kureha shall be paid to Kureha in Japanese Yen, by telegraphic transfer remittance to the account of Kureha with such bank as may be designated by Kureha, not
later than 45 days following the receipt of the applicable invoice, unless such shipment of the Clinical Supply is rejected in accordance with provisions of Section 5.4.
5.    QUALITY ASSURANCE CONTROL; ACCEPTANCE
5.1    Qualification of United States Testing Facility. Kureha shall qualify a facility, to be selected by Ocera, in the United States to perform analytical testing of the Clinical Supply. Ocera will pay for such qualification conducted by Kureha, including reasonable expenses incurred by Kureha for airfare, hotel accommodations and meals for Kureha personnel who participate in qualification of such testing facility (and such similar reasonable expenses incident to such activities as Ocera may approve in advance) within 30 days after receipt of invoice from Kureha documenting such expenses. Kureha will pay for its labor cost for Kureha personnel who participate in such qualification. Until such time a facility is qualified, as agreed by the parties, Section 5.4 will not apply.
5.2    Quality Agreement. The parties shall enter into a quality agreement, providing for details of quality assurance obligations of each party, as of the CSA Effective Date within 6 months of the CSA Effective Date, or prior to the deadline established by Ocera’s qualified QA personnel in writing to Ocera.
5.3    Specifications; Testing.
(a)    Lot Testing. Kureha will perform standard analytical testing of each manufactured lot of the Clinical Supply to be delivered to Ocera to verify that it meets the Specifications. Kureha and Ocera, upon mutual agreement, may amend the Specifications.
(b)    Certificate of Analysis. Kureha shall also provide a certificate of analysis (the “Certificate of Analysis”) to Ocera with each shipment of the Clinical Supply. Such Certificate of Analysis shall certify that the Clinical Supply delivered conforms to the Specifications. Such Certificate of Analysis shall be accompanied by documents that contain information including the quantity of the shipment, as well as any further information required by the relevant regulatory authorities that, Ocera may have previously notified Kureha, is necessary. Ocera shall be under no obligation to accept any shipment of the Clinical Supply without an accompanying Certificate of Analysis, and other necessary documents.
5.4    Acceptance and Rejection.
(a)    Clinical Supply Testing. Ocera shall perform sampling and testing on a delivered lot, designed in accordance with the methods of analysis to be agreed between the parties and the Specifications, to determine whether the Clinical Supply meets the Specifications. If Ocera discovers any basis for a rejection of the Clinical Supply within 60 days after the delivery of such Clinical Supply to Ocera, Ocera shall inform Kureha promptly in writing of such rejection, and specifically state the reasons therefor. Notwithstanding the above provisions, acceptance of any delivery of the Clinical Supply shall not preclude a subsequent rejection of the Clinical Supply by Ocera following discovery of latent defects in such Clinical Supply
(including, without limitation, discovery of any substance that would cause Clinical Supply to be adulterated within the meaning of the FD&C Act) within 6 months after the delivery of such Clinical Supply to Ocera, that would not reasonably be detectable in accordance with such methods of analysis and the Specifications, provided that Ocera notifies Kureha in writing within 5 days of discovery of such latent defect.
(b)    Replacement of Rejected Clinical Supply. In the event Ocera discovers any basis for a rejection of the Clinical Supply or latent defect under Section 5.4 (a), Ocera shall promptly provide to Kureha a sample of such alleged non-conforming Clinical Supply for Kureha’s inspection and testing. Kureha will deliver a replacement of such alleged non-conforming Clinical Supply within 10 working days after the receipt of a notice of rejection of such alleged non-conforming Clinical Supply from Ocera, at no cost to Ocera other than the original Transfer Price already paid, or to be paid, for the alleged non-conforming Clinical Supply, with the same quantity of Clinical Supply which meets the Specifications, whether or not Kureha accepts Ocera’s basis for rejection; provided, however, that Kureha does not have any obligations to provide replacement lots to Ocera for placebo, if Ocera has not provided to Kureha placebo to be stored at Kureha. If Kureha disagrees with Ocera’s determination that Clinical Supply does not meet the Specifications, a sample of such alleged non-conforming Clinical Supply shall be submitted to a Third Party laboratory to be mutually agreed between the parties. Such Third Party laboratory shall determine whether such Clinical Supply meets the particular portion(s) of the Specifications that are the subject of Kureha’s and Ocera’s dispute and the parties agree that such laboratory’s determination shall be final and determinative with respect to the issues submitted to it for resolution. The party against whom the Third Party laboratory rules shall bear all costs of the Third Party laboratory for such testing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the parties acknowledge that the parties may be unable to identify or agree upon a Third Party laboratory appropriate to perform such testing. In such case, Kureha employees and Ocera employees with the suitable expertise will conduct the relevant testing jointly at Ocera’s facility in the United States of America. Ocera will reimburse Kureha for the reasonable expenses incurred by Kureha with respect to such travel (including reasonable airfare and lodging expenses) and testing at such Ocera facility and will pay to Kureha absence fee for such Kureha’s employees of [ * ] per day per person involved in such testing (but not to exceed [ * ] in total for any such testing event), if the results of such joint testing indicate that the Clinical Supply so tested meets the Specifications. If the Third Party laboratory determines, or if applicable, if the parties so determine by their joint testing, that the requested lot in fact did conform to the Specifications, Ocera will pay Kureha the Transfer Price for the Clinical Supply including replacement lot provided by Kureha, together with the expenses incurred by Kureha and absence fee for Kureha’s employees mentioned above, within 10 working days after such determination. Rejected Clinical Supply shall be returned to Kureha or disposed of at Kureha’s expense in accordance with Kureha’s instructions


6.
MANUFACTURE OF CLINICAL SUPPLY
6.1    Raw Materials. Kureha shall be responsible for obtaining any raw materials, components, other ingredients and packaging materials other than placebo (“Raw Materials”) required for the manufacture of the Clinical Supply, in reasonable quantities consistent with Ocera’s clinical development plan and the Clinical Supply requirement forecast provided to Kureha from time to time. Kureha shall use and rotate all stock of Raw Materials on a first-in, first-out basis. Ocera shall be responsible for procuring placebo, and shall supply placebo to Kureha at no cost to Kureha. Kureha shall store Raw Materials and placebo at no cost to Ocera.
6.2    Manufacture of Clinical Supply. Kureha will manufacture the Clinical Supply in accordance with the Specifications, cGMPs and other applicable rules and regulations of the FDA and other governmental or regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over the manufacture, or use of Clinical Supply, as then in effect. The parties shall notify each other within 3 business days of any new instructions or specifications regarding the Clinical Supply and manufacturing of the Clinical Supply, required by the FDA, and of other applicable rules and regulations. Without disclosing unnecessary confidential information, the parties shall confer with each other with respect to any response regarding such instruction or specification and discuss the best means to comply with such requirements and Kureha will bear the costs for implementing changes for such requirements. Such changes shall be implemented by Kureha, in a timely manner. Kureha shall cure cGMP deficiencies to pass FDA inspection prior to NDA filing.
6.3    Changes to the Specifications or to the Manufacturing Process. Kureha shall obtain the prior written consent of Ocera, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, with respect to any proposed revision to the Specifications, and any change in the Raw Materials, equipment, process or procedures used to manufacture the Clinical Supply (the “Manufacturing Process”) that would require pre-approval of the FDA or other applicable regulatory authority of any country of the Licensed Territory (the “Pre-Approved Changes”). Kureha is not required to disclose any confidential information related to the Manufacturing Process to Ocera. Kureha is not required to obtain the consent of Ocera for any revisions to the Specifications or the Manufacturing Process that would not require pre-approval of the FDA or other applicable regulatory authority of any country of the Licensed Territory (“Other Changes”), provided that Kureha shall notify Ocera of such Other Changes and shall provide all information required by the FDA or equivalent foreign agency to such agency. Any changes to the Specifications or to the Manufacturing Process shall be in compliance with the NDA for the Clinical Supply. The corresponding costs of implementing any changes to the Specifications or to the Manufacturing Process will be borne by Kureha.
6.4    Inability to Supply. Kureha shall use commercially reasonable efforts to avoid shortfalls in supply of Clinical Supply based on the purchase orders provided by Ocera, subject to Ocera complying with Sections 3.1 and 3.2. In the event Kureha is unable to supply to Ocera, in whole or in part, Clinical Supply ordered pursuant to any purchase order provided by Ocera based on the applicable Forecast under Section 3.2, for any reason (except to the extent caused by Ocera), then, Kureha shall promptly notify Ocera, in writing, of such shortage, or potential shortage, or inability to timely supply the Clinical Supply and, if possible, the date when Kureha will again be able to supply the Clinical Supply. For avoidance of doubt, even during such period, Kureha shall not be released from the obligation to supply the Clinical Supply ordered pursuant to any purchase orders provided by Ocera based on the applicable Forecast pursuant to Section 3.2. Kureha will use commercially reasonable efforts to remedy any shortfall of Clinical Supply as soon as practicable and allocate available production capacity for the Clinical Supply in a fair and equitable manner among its customers.
6.5    Reprocessing and Reworking of Clinical Supply. Any reprocessing or reworking of any lot of the Clinical Supply shall be made in full compliance with the procedures described in the DMF, or, if not made in compliance with the procedures described in the DMF, Kureha shall obtain the prior written consent of Ocera.
6.6    Inventory. Kureha will hold sufficient inventory of the Compound, as well as applicable packaging materials for each purchase order for the Clinical Supply to allow for replacement of the Clinical Supply in accordance with Section 5.4(b), as mutually agreed by Ocera and Kureha, whose agreement shall not be unreasonably withheld. Such inventory shall be kept until such time that acceptance or rejection is determined with respect to the relevant Clinical Supply.
7.    REGULATORY.
7.1    cGMP Compliance and QA Audits. Upon written request with reasonable advance notice to Kureha, Ocera shall have the right to have representatives visit Kureha’s manufacturing facilities during normal business hours to review Kureha’s manufacturing operations and assess its compliance with cGMP and quality assurance standards and to discuss any related issues with Kureha’s manufacturing and management personnel.
7.2    FDA and Regulatory Support. Kureha will (i) establish and maintain a DMF in accordance with the requirements of the FDA, as well as any comparable files required by regulatory authorities in other countries within the Licensed Territory, (ii) provide Ocera letters of authorization to cross‑reference the DMF and any other comparable files and (iii) further provide Ocera with all necessary information and data regarding the manufacture of Clinical Supply to the extent necessary for Ocera to prepare and defend any inquiries from the FDA or to satisfy regulatory requirements in the Licensed Territory. Kureha further agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to assist Ocera in obtaining FDA approval for its NDA with respect to Product, as well as approvals from any other government or agency which may be required for the marketing of Product in any other country within the Licensed Territory. Kureha specifically agrees to cooperate with any inspection by the FDA or other regulatory agency, including but not limited to any inspection prior to approval of Ocera’s NDA for Product. Kureha shall notify Ocera, in case of any FDA inspection with prior notice, promptly upon receipt of notice of inspection from the FDA, or in case of any FDA inspection without prior notice, within 3 business days of any FDA inspection relating to Clinical Supply or any Clinical Supply related facility and, at the conclusion of such inspection, shall furnish Ocera within 5 business days a copy of all documentation, including any Form 483 and Kureha’s response thereto, relating to such inspection. In addition, Kureha shall notify Ocera within 3 business days of any other regulatory actions or communications (other than ministerial, non-substantive communications) relating to the Clinical Supply or any Clinical Supply related facility. The parties shall confer with each other with respect to any response regarding such action or communication and the best means to comply with such action or communication.
7.3    Compliance with Laws. Kureha shall comply with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to the manufacture and supply of Clinical Supply, including, without limitation all laws and regulations of such territories applicable to the transportation (as per Section 3.2 hereof), storage, use, handling and disposal of hazardous materials. Kureha represents and warrants to Ocera that it has and will maintain during the Term all government permits, including, without limitation, health, safety and environmental permits, necessary for the manufacture and supply of Clinical Supply.
7.4    Documentation. From time to time, Ocera will inform any additional laws and requirements that are necessary for the Clinical Supply for use in the Field and in the Licensed Territory. Kureha shall keep complete, accurate and authentic accounts, notes, data and records of the work performed under this Agreement (including, without limitation, batch records). Each party shall maintain complete and adequate records pertaining to the methods and facilities used for the manufacture, processing, testing, packing, labeling, holding and distribution of a Clinical Supply in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations so that such Clinical Supply may be used in humans; provided, however, that Ocera shall from time to time notify Kureha of such laws and regulations to be complied with by Kureha.
8.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.
8.1    Mutual Representations and Warranties. Each party represents and warrants to the other that: (a) it is duly organized and validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation, and has full corporate or other power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out the provisions hereof; (b) it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder, and the person or persons executing this Agreement on its behalf has been duly authorized to do so by all requisite corporate or partnership action; and (c) this Agreement is legally binding upon it, enforceable in accordance with its terms, and does not conflict with any agreement, instrument or understanding, oral or written, to which it is a party or by which it may be bound, nor violate any material law or regulation of any court, governmental body or administrative or other agency having jurisdiction over it.
8.2    Clinical Supply Warranty. Kureha represents and warrants that each Clinical Supply delivered by Kureha to Ocera will (i) be manufactured in accordance with cGMPs and other applicable U.S. domestic and ICH Guidelines’ rules and regulations, and (ii) conform to the applicable Specifications at the time of delivery. Kureha represents and warrants that each Clinical Supply delivered by Kureha to Ocera at the time of delivery to Ocera, shall not be adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of the FD&C Act. Ocera’s remedies and Kureha’s liability with respect to this warranty are set forth in Section 5.4. This warranty is the only warranty made by Kureha with respect to each Clinical Supply delivered hereunder, and may only be modified or amended by a written instrument signed by a duly authorized officer of Kureha and accepted by Ocera.
8.3    No Debarred or Disqualified Persons. Kureha represents and warrants that it shall not employ, contract with, or retain any person directly or indirectly to perform any services under this Agreement if such a person is under investigation by the FDA for debarment or is presently debarred by the FDA pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 335a or its successor provisions. Kureha further represents and warrants that it has not engaged in any conduct or activity which could lead to any of the above-mentioned disqualification or debarment actions. If, during the Term, Kureha or any person employed or retained by it to perform work on the manufacture of Clinical Supply (i) comes under investigation by the FDA for a debarment action or disqualification, (ii) is debarred or disqualified, or (iii) engages in any conduct or activity that could lead to any of the above-mentioned disqualification or debarment actions, Kureha shall immediately, upon becoming aware of such investigations, conduct or activity, notify Ocera of same.
8.4    Disclaimer. Except as expressly set forth herein or in the License Agreement, THE CLINICAL SUPPLY SUPPLIED BY KUREHA HEREUNDER IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND KUREHA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE WARRANTIES OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES, OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICES, IN ALL CASES WITH RESPECT THERETO. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Kureha expressly does not warrant (a) the success of any Clinical Supply or Product or (b) the safety or usefulness for any purpose of the Clinical Supply it provides hereunder.
9.    LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.
NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM THE OTHER PARTY ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY RIGHTS GRANTED HEREUNDER; provided, however, that this provision shall not be construed to limit either party's right to seek damages for breach of confidentiality provisions under this Agreement

10.
TERM AND TERMINATION.
10.1    Term. The term of this Agreement shall commence on the CSA Effective Date and shall continue until terminated as provided in this Section 10 (the “Term”).
10.2    Termination of Agreement by Ocera. Ocera may terminate this Agreement at any time upon 6 months’ prior written notice to Kureha.
10.3    Termination for Cause. Each party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement upon written notice to the other party without any grace period upon the occurrence of item (i) below, or upon 60 days’ prior written notice to the other party upon the occurrence of item (ii) below:
(a)    Upon or after the bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of the other party (other than a dissolution or winding up for the purpose of reconstruction or amalgamation); or
(b)    Upon or after the breach of any material provision of this Agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured such breach within the 60-day period following written notice of termination by the non-breaching party.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a party receives a written notice of termination notifying that it is in breach of a material provision of this Agreement, and, within 15 days after receipt of such notice of breach, such party in good faith disputes such allegation of breach, then such dispute shall be resolved under the procedures set forth in Section 12.1 below, in which case this Agreement shall not be terminated and shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with their terms pending resolution in accordance with Section 12.1.
10.4    Termination of Agreement Upon Early Termination of License Agreement. This Agreement will automatically terminate upon the early termination of the License Agreement in accordance with the terms of the License Agreement. Upon the expiration of the License Agreement in accordance with the terms of the License Agreement, this Agreement will remain in effect in accordance with the terms hereof; provided that the parties will discuss whether there should be any change in the transfer price of the Clinical Supply in good faith, and if Kureha and Ocera do not agree upon such change in the transfer price of the Clinical Supply within 120 days after the expiration of the License Agreement, Kureha may terminate this Agreement immediately with a written notice to Ocera.
10.5    Survival. Expiration or termination of this Agreement will not relieve the parties of any obligation accruing prior to such expiration or termination. Sections 1, 7.2, 7.4, 8.4, 9, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 11 and 12 will survive termination of this Agreement. Termination of this Agreement shall not limit any other rights and remedies of the parties.
10.6    Exercise of Right to Terminate. The use by either party hereto of a termination right provided for under this Agreement shall not give rise to the payment of damages or any other form of compensation or relief to the other party with respect thereto.
10.7    Damages; Relief. Subject to Section 10.6 above, termination of this Agreement shall not preclude either party from claiming any other damages, compensation or relief that it may be entitled to upon such termination.
11.
INDEMNIFICATION.
11.1    Indemnification by Ocera. Ocera hereby agrees to save, defend and hold Kureha and its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (each, a “Kureha Indemnitee”) harmless from and against any and all claims, suits, actions, demands, liabilities, expenses and/or loss, including reasonable legal expense and attorneys’ fees (collectively, “Losses”), to which any Kureha Indemnitee may become subject as a result of any claim, demand, action or other proceeding by any Third Party to the extent such Losses arise directly or indirectly out of: (i) the manufacture, use, handling, storage, sale or other disposition of any Clinical Supply or Product by Ocera,or a Third Party contractor acting on behalf of Ocera, or (ii) the breach by Ocera of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Ocera in this Agreement; except, in each case, to the extent such Losses result from the negligence or willful misconduct of any Kureha Indemnitee or the breach by Kureha of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Kureha in this Agreement.
11.2    Indemnification by Kureha. Kureha hereby agrees to save, defend and hold Ocera and its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (each, a “Ocera Indemnitee”) harmless from and against any and all Losses to which any Ocera Indemnitee may become subject as a result of any claim, demand, action or other proceeding by any Third Party to the extent such Losses arise directly or indirectly out of: (i) the manufacture, use, handling, storage, sale or other disposition of any Product by Kureha or its Affiliates or licensees (other than Ocera), or any Third Party contractor acting on behalf of Kureha or any of its Affiliates; or (ii) the breach by Kureha of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Kureha in this Agreement; except, in each case, to the extent such Losses result from the negligence or willful misconduct of any Ocera Indemnitee or the breach by Ocera of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by Ocera in this Agreement.
11.3    Control of Defense. Any entity entitled to indemnification under this Section 11 shall give notice to the indemnifying party of any Losses that may be subject to indemnification, promptly after learning of such Losses, and the indemnifying party shall assume the defense of such Losses with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such defense is assumed by the indemnifying party with counsel so selected, the indemnifying party will not be subject to any liability for any settlement of such Losses made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), and will not be obligated to pay the fees and expenses of any separate counsel retained by the indemnified party with respect to such Losses.
11.4    Insurance. Each party, at its own expense, shall maintain appropriate general liability and product liability insurance with respect to its activities under this Agreement in an amount consistent with industry standards during the Term and shall name the other party as an additional insured with respect to such insurance. Each party shall provide to the other party, upon request of the other party, an insurance certificate which does not contain insured amount.
12.
MISCELLANEOUS.
12.1    Dispute Resolution. In the event of any controversy or claim arising out of, relating to or in connection with any provision of this Agreement, the parties shall try to settle their differences amicably between themselves first, by referring the disputed matter to the Chief Executive Officer of Ocera and the General Manager of Pharmaceuticals Division of Kureha. Either party may initiate such informal dispute resolution by sending written notice of the dispute to the other party, and, within 20 days after such notice, such representatives of the parties shall meet for attempted resolution by good faith negotiations. If the representative of the parties have not been able to resolve the dispute within 30 days after such mediation hearing, then any and all claims, disputes or controversies arising under, out of, or in connection with this Agreement, shall be resolved by final and binding compulsory arbitration in San Diego, the United States of America, or Tokyo, Japan pursuant to and in accordance with the then-current Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce. Where Kureha initiates the arbitration, the arbitration will be held in San Diego, the United States of America, and where Ocera initiates the arbitration, the arbitration will be held in Tokyo, Japan. The arbitration shall be conducted by a panel of three persons experienced in the pharmaceutical industry, none of whom shall be a current or former employee or director, or a then-current stockholder, of either party, their respective Affiliates. Within 30 days after receipt of the original notice of binding arbitration, each party shall select one person to act as arbitrator and the two party-selected arbitrators shall select a third arbitrator within 15 days of their appointment. Either party may apply to the arbitrators for interim injunctive relief until the arbitrators have rendered their decision or the controversy is otherwise resolved. Either party may also, without waiving any remedy under this Agreement, seek from any court having jurisdiction any injunctive or provisional relief necessary to protect the rights or property of that party pending the arbitrators’ decision. The arbitrators shall have no power to add to, subtract from or modify any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement, nor to award punitive damages. Any award rendered in such arbitration may be enforced by either party in any court having jurisdiction. Each party shall bear its own costs and expenses and attorneys’ fees and an equal share of the arbitrators’ fees and any administrative fees of arbitration, provided that the arbitrators shall be authorized to determine whether a party is the prevailing party, and if so, to award to that prevailing party reimbursement for its reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, in connection with arbitration of such controversy or claim. By agreeing to this binding arbitration provision, the parties understand that they are waiving certain rights and protections which may otherwise be available if a dispute between the parties were determined by litigation in court, including, without limitation, the right to seek or obtain certain types of damages precluded by this provision, the right to a jury trial and certain rights of appeal. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, any dispute, controversy or claim that concerns (a) the validity or infringement of a patent, trademark or copyright; or (b) any antitrust, anti-monopoly or competition law or regulation, whether or not statutory, shall not be subject to the arbitration provisions of this Section 12.1.
12.2    Confidentiality. Section 9 of the License Agreement shall apply to any Information (as defined in the License Agreement) furnished to a party by the other party pursuant to this Agreement or any Information developed by the other party hereunder, which shall be included as Confidential Information under the License Agreement; provided, however that the obligations under Section 9 of the License Agreement with respect to Confidential Information furnished or provided pursuant to this Agreement shall continue in effect during the Term of this Agreement and for 10 years thereafter.
12.3    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, excluding its conflicts of laws principles.
12.4    Entire Agreement; Modification. This Agreement is both a final expression of the parties’ agreement and a complete and exclusive statement with respect to all of its terms. This Agreement supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and communications, whether oral, written or otherwise, concerning subject matter hereof. This Agreement may only be modified or supplemented in a writing expressly stated for such purpose and signed by the parties to this Agreement.
12.5    Relationship Between the Parties. The parties’ relationship, as established by this Agreement, is solely that of independent contractors. This Agreement does not create any partnership, joint venture or similar business relationship between the parties. Neither party is a legal representative of the other party, and neither party can assume or create any obligation, representation, warranty or guarantee, express or implied, on behalf of the other party for any purpose whatsoever.
12.6    Non-Waiver. The failure of a party to insist upon strict performance of any provision of this Agreement or to exercise any right arising out of this Agreement shall neither impair that provision or right nor constitute a waiver of that provision or right, in whole or in part, in that instance or in any other instance. Any waiver by a party of a particular provision or right shall be in writing, shall be as to a particular matter and, if applicable, for a particular period of time and shall be signed by such party.
12.7    Assignment. Except as expressly provided hereunder, neither this Agreement nor any rights or obligations hereunder may be assigned or otherwise transferred by either party without the prior written consent of the other party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld); provided, however, that either party may assign this Agreement and its rights and obligations hereunder without the other party’s consent:
(a)    in connection with the transfer or sale of all or substantially all of the business of such party to which this Agreement relates to a Third Party to whom such party may assign the License Agreement and its rights and obligations thereunder, whether by merger, sale of stock, sale of assets or otherwise; provided that in the event of a transaction (whether this Agreement is actually assigned or is assumed by the acquiring party by operation of law (e.g., in the context of a reverse triangular merger)), intellectual property rights of the acquiring party to such transaction (if other than one of the parties to this Agreement) shall not be included in the technology licensed hereunder; or
(b)    to an Affiliate, provided that the assigning party shall remain liable and responsible to the non‑assigning party hereto for the performance and observance of all such duties and obligations by such Affiliate.
The rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of the parties. Any assignment not in accordance with this Agreement shall be void.
12.8    No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is neither expressly nor impliedly made for the benefit of any party other than those executing it.
12.9    Severability. If, for any reason, any part of this Agreement is adjudicated invalid, unenforceable or illegal by a court of competent jurisdiction, such adjudication shall not affect or impair, in whole or in part, the validity, enforceability or legality of any remaining portions of this Agreement. All remaining portions shall remain in full force and effect as if the original Agreement had been executed without the invalidated, unenforceable or illegal part.
12.10    Notices. Any notice to be given under this Agreement must be in writing and delivered either in person, by any method of mail (postage prepaid) requiring return receipt, or by overnight courier or facsimile confirmed thereafter by any of the foregoing, to the party to be notified at its address(es) given below, or at any address such party has previously designated by prior written notice to the other. Notice shall be deemed sufficiently given for all purposes upon the earliest of: (a) the date of actual receipt; (b) if mailed, three days after the date of postmark; or (c) if delivered by overnight courier, the next business day the overnight courier regularly makes deliveries.
If to Ocera, notices must be addressed to:
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
11622 El Camino Real
San Diego, CA 92130
United States of America
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
Telephone: +1-858-764-2475
Facsimile: +1-858-764-2476
If to Kureha, notices must be addressed to: Kureha Corporation
3-3-2, Nihonbashi Hama-cho
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8552
Japan
Attention: General Manager, Pharmaceuticals Division
Telephone: +81-3-3249-4729
Facsimile: +81-3-3249-4730
12.11    Force Majeure. Except for the obligation to make payment when due (which shall be fairly adjusted as a result of the effect of the applicable force majeure), each party shall be excused from liability for the failure or delay in performance of any obligation under this Agreement by reason of any event beyond such party’s reasonable control including but not limited to acts of God (including, without limitation, earthquake, fire, flood, atmospheric disturbance, lightning, storm, typhoon, tornado, landslide, soil erosion, subsidence and epidemic), strikes, lock outs, acts of war, civil disorder or other similar events not within the reasonable control of the party concerned that render performance by such party of its obligations under this Agreement impossible; provided, however, that in no event shall an event that makes performance by a party of its obligations under this Agreement impossible solely due to the economic condition of such party be considered a force majeure event. Such excuse from liability shall be effective only to the extent and duration of the event(s) causing the failure or delay in performance and provided that the party has not caused such event(s) to occur. Notice of a party’s failure or delay in performance due to force majeure must be given to the other party within 10 days after its occurrence. All delivery dates under this Agreement that have been affected by force majeure shall be tolled for the duration of such force majeure. In no event shall any party be required to prevent or settle any labor disturbance or dispute. Notwithstanding the foregoing, should the event(s) of force majeure suffered by a party extend beyond a three‑month period, the other party may then terminate this Agreement by written notice to the non-performing party, with the consequences of such termination as set forth in Sections 10.6 and 10.7.
12.12    Interpretation.
(a)    Captions & Headings. The captions and headings of clauses contained in this Agreement preceding the text of the articles, sections, subsections and paragraphs hereof are inserted solely for convenience and ease of reference only and shall not constitute any part of this Agreement, or have any effect on its interpretation or construction.
(b)    Singular & Plural. All references in this Agreement to the singular shall include the plural where applicable, and all references to gender shall include both genders and the neuter. The term “including” shall not be deemed to be exclusive.
(c)    Articles, Sections & Subsections. Unless otherwise specified, references in this Agreement to any article shall include all sections, subsections, and paragraphs in such article; references in this Agreement to any section shall include all subsections and paragraphs in such sections; and references in this Agreement to any subsection shall include all paragraphs in such subsection.
(d)    Days. All references to days in this Agreement shall mean calendar days, unless otherwise specified.
(e)    Ambiguities. Ambiguities and uncertainties in this Agreement, if any, shall not be interpreted against either party, irrespective of which party may be deemed to have caused the ambiguity or uncertainty to exist.
(f)    English Language. This Agreement has been prepared in the English language and the English language shall control its interpretation. In addition, all notices required or permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be in the English language.
12.13    Counterparts; Facsimile. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original document, and all of which, together with this writing, shall be deemed one instrument. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile and upon such delivery the facsimile signature will be deemed to have the same effect as if the original signature had been delivered to the other party.
[Remainder of this page intentionally left blank.]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this CLINICAL MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY AGREEMENT on the CSA Effective Date.
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
Kureha Corporation
 
 
By: s/Laurent Fischer   
By: s/ Mashahiko Fujii December 22, 2005   
Printed Name: Laurent Fischer, M.D.
Printed Name: Mashahiko Fujii, Ph.D.
 
 
Title: President & CEO
Title: Senior Vice President & General Manager, Pharmaceuticals Division

EXHIBIT A
CLINICAL SUPPLY PACKAGING
1 Sachet production
1.1 AST-120 sachet production
Fill weight: 2.0 g
Sachet Material: PET/PE/AL/PE/PVDC laminated film (Okada Shigyo)
Batch Size: ca. 60,000 sachets

1.1.1 Responsibilities of KUREHA
1.1.1.1
To perform the acceptance test, as per Specification, agreed by Ocera and Kureha, for AST-120 Drug Substance and other materials according to an appropriate level of cGMP compliance
1.1.1.2
Purchasing the materials and packaging material except Kremezin drug substance supplied by KUREHA
1.1.1.3
To set up the ‘filling table’ and IQ/OQ validation of the IWAKURO STICKLINE No.887-8 sachet filling machine
1.1.1.4
Preparation of the master batch record for Kremezin Active Sachets
1.1.1.5
To perform in-process test and the visual inspection of Kremezin Active Sachets.
1.1.1.6
Preparation of the batch production record for Kremezin Active Sachets
1.1.1.7
Binding and Packaging the sachets into cardboard boxes, (of suitable strength to protect contents during international shipment)
1.1.1.8
Storage of the boxes until shipping
1.1.1.9
Shipment to the locations per Ocera’s instructions
1.1.1.10
All other necessary services for production control and quality control to produce Kremezin investigational drug product except those items that Ocera decides to perform itself.
1.2 Placebo sachet production
Fill weight: 2.0 g
Empty sachet used: PET/PE/AL/PE/PVDC laminated film (Okada Shigyo)
Batch Size: ca. 75,000 sachets

1.2.1 Responsibilities of KUREHA
1.2.1.1 To perform the acceptance test of the Kremezin placebo particles according to an appropriate level of cGMP compliance
1.2.1.2 Purchasing the materials and packaging material except Kremezin placebo particles supplied by Ocera
1.2.1.3 Preparation of the master batch record for the placebo sachets
1.2.1.4 To perform in-process test and the visual inspection of placebo sachets
1.2.1.5 Preparation of the batch production record for placebo sachets
1.2.1.6 Binding and Packaging the sachets into cardboard boxes (of suitable strength to protect contents during international shipment)
1.2.1.7 Storage of the boxes until shipping
1.2.1.8 Shipment to the locations per Ocera’s instructions
1.2.1.9 All other necessary services for production control and quality control to produce Kremezin investigational drug product except those items that Ocera decides to perform itself.
2 Kureha shall perform stability testing for both Kremezin active sachets and placebo sachet under the conditions of Long term testing and Accelerated Testing of ICH guideline, occasionally with additional timepoints as requested by Ocera. The testing times are 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 36 month for Long term testing, and 0, 1, 2, 3 and 6 month for Accelerated Testing.

3 Responsible person for quality assurance:
Ocera: Beverly Dixon, QA Consultant
Kureha: Yukio HOSHI, Quality Assurance Manager, Iwaki Factory, KUREHA CORPORATION



EXHIBIT B
PACKAGING PRICING




Price of manufactuaring for Ocera’s clinical supply
 
 
 
 
 
1. Manufacturing condition
 
 
 
 
(1) Packaging material required
 
 
 
6 Rolls
(2) Filing attachment for placebo
 
 
 
1 attachment
(3) Number of sachets
 
 
 
 
1)Kremezin drug substance 120kg
 
 
60,000
Sachets
2)Placebo 150kg
 
 
75,000
Sachets
(4) Small box for 20 sachets
 
 
6,750
Boxes
(5) Large box for 20 small boxes
 
 
338
Boxes
 
 
 
 
 
2. Manufacturing cost
qty
@Yen
 
 
(1) Facilities
 
 
 
 
Cost for new attachment (50%)
[Þ]
 
 
[Þ]
Installation fee, IQ, OQ, PQ
 
 
 
[Þ]
(2) Raw materials used
 
 
 
 
Kremezin drug substance (kg)
[Þ]
[Þ]
 
[Þ]
Packaging material required
[Þ]
[Þ]
 
[Þ]
Small box for 20 sachets
[Þ]
[Þ]
 
[Þ]
Large box for 20 small boxes
[Þ]
[Þ]
 
[Þ]
Utility/Facility
 
 
 
[Þ]
 
 
 
 
 
3. Labor cost
 
 
 
 
Experts
[Þ]
 
 
[Þ]
Skilled worker
[Þ]
 
 
[Þ]
Operating staff
[Þ]
 
 
[Þ]
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
[Þ]



1.    
EX-10.5 6 exhibit105ucllicenseagreem.htm EXHIBIT 10.5 Exhibit 10.5 UCLLicenseAgreementFeb2013forEdgarfiling (1)
CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT HAS BEEN REQUESTED.    Confidential

THIS DEED (the “Deed”) is made on the 20th day of February 2013
BETWEEN
(1)
UCL Business PLC, a public limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales with company registration number 02776963 and with its registered office at The Network Building, 97 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4TP (“UCL”); and
(2)
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with principal offices located at 12651 High Bluff Drive, Suite 230, San Diego, California 92130 (“Ocera”).
WHEREAS
(A)
UCL is the owner of rights in the Compound and the UCL Technology;
(B)
Ocera is engaged in the development of pharmaceutical products;
(C)
UCL and Ocera have entered into a License Agreement effective as of December 22, 2008 (the “Effective Date”), as amended by a letter agreement between UCL and Ocera, dated June 23, 2010 (the “Original Agreement”), and as amended to an Amended and Restated License Agreement, dated July 26, 2011 (the “Amended and Restated Agreement”); and
(D)
UCL and Ocera desire to amend the Amended and Restated Agreement to amend

certain milestone events, milestone payments and Ocera’s development and commercialization obligations, as set out in the amendments to the Amended and Restated Agreement attached as a Schedule to this Deed with effect from the date of

this Deed (the “Variation Date”).
THIS DEED WITNESSES AS FOLLOWS:-
1.
Terms defined in the Agreement
Defined terms used in this Deed shall have the meaning set out in the Amended and Restated Agreement.
2.
Variation
With effect from the Variation Date the parties agree to amend the Amended and Restated Agreement as shown in the copy of the Amended and Restated Agreement attached at the Schedule to this Deed, where deletions to the Amended and Restated Agreement are shown in struck through text and additions are shown in underlined text. Except as expressly reflected in such amendments, the Amended and Restated Agreement remains in full force and effect in accordance with its terms.
3.
Miscellaneous
3.1
This Deed shall be interpreted and construed in accordance with the laws of England and Wales, and the parties agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of England and Wales.
3.2
Any notice to be given under this Deed must be given in accordance with the provisions of the Amended and Restated Agreement.
The Schedule
Varied Amended and Restated Agreement


This Deed has been entered into on the date stated at the beginning of it.
EXECUTED and DELIVERED as a DEED by UCL BUSINESS PLC acting by a Director in the presence of a witness
)
)
)
Signed s/Anne Lane    
Full Name ANNE LANE    
Director

Witness’ Signature s/Richard J. Fagan
Witness’ Full Name Richard J. Fagan
Witness’ Address  
24A Sedgemere Ave.   
East Finchley
London N20SX
 
 
 
EXECUTED and DELIVERED as a DEED
by OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC. acting by two of its authorized officers
)
)
)
)
Signed s/Linda Grais    
Full Name Linda Grais    
 
Title
CEO    
 
Signed
s/Dana McGowan    
Full Name Dana McGowan    
 
Title
C.F.O.    



AMENDED AND RESTATED LICENSE AGREEMENT
THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED LICENSE AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is entered into as of [ ]July 26, 2011 by and among UCL BUSINESS PLC, a public limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales with company registration number 02776963 and with its registered office at The Network Building, 97 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4TP (“UCL”), and OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with principal offices located at 12651 High Bluff Drive, Suite 230, San Diego, California 92130 (“Ocera”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, UCL is the owner of rights in the Compound and the UCL Technology (as defined below);
WHEREAS, Ocera is engaged in the development of pharmaceutical products;
WHEREAS, UCL and Ocera have entered into that certain License Agreement effective as of December 22, 2008 (the “Effective Date”), as amended by that certain letter agreement between UCL and Ocera, dated June 23, 2010 (the “Original Agreement”); and
WHEREAS, UCL and Ocera desire to amend and restate the Original Agreement to, among other things, amend certain milestone events, milestone payments and royalty rates, as set forth in this Agreement.
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:
1.
DEFINITIONS
1.1    “Affiliate” shall mean any company or entity controlled by, controlling, or under common control with a party hereto and shall include any company or entity 50% or more of the voting stock or participating profit interest of which is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by a party, and any company or other entity which owns or controls, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the voting stock of a party.
1.2    “Calendar Quarter” shall mean each respective period of three consecutive months ending on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31.
1.3    “Calendar Year” shall mean each respective period of 12 consecutive months beginning on January 1.
1.4    “Claim” shall mean a claim of any issued patent within the UCL Patents, which covers (a) the use of a Licensed Product in liver decomposition or hepatic encephalopathy, or (b) the composition of a Licensed Product.
1.5    “Claim Application” shall mean a claim within the UCL Patents, which covers (a) the use of a Licensed Product in the liver decomposition or hepatic encephalopathy, or (b) the composition of a Licensed Product.
1.6    Collaboration Agreement” shall mean the collaborative research agreement between the parties with the same date as the Original Agreement.
1.7    “Commercially Reasonable Efforts” shall mean those efforts consistent with the exercise of customary scientific and business practices as applied in the pharmaceutical industry in a particular jurisdiction for development and commercialization activities conducted with respect to other products of similar potential and market size in such jurisdiction.
1.8    “Completion” shall mean, with respect to any preclinical or clinical trial, (a) the completion of such preclinical or clinical trial, and (b) receipt by UCL of written confirmation by Ocera that such preclinical or clinical trial successfully met the endpoints or other objectives of such trial, provided that “Completion” shall be deemed to have occurred irrespective of whether UCL has received such written confirmation, once Ocera has received confirmation from the relevant Regulatory Authority that Ocera can commence the next phase in the development of a Licensed Product. For purposes of clarification, such next phase shall in the case of Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial be a Phase IIb Trial, shall in the case of Phase IIb Trial be a Phase III Trial and shall in the case of a Phase III Trial be an application for Regulatory Approval. “Complete” and “Completed” shall have correlative meanings.
1.9    “Compound” shall mean the combination of the compounds known as L‑Ornithine and Phenylacetate (and all analogs, salts, polymorphs, prodrugs, isomers and formulations of the foregoing, including any derivatives which are covered by the UCL Technology).
1.10    “Confidential Information” shall have the meaning provided in Section 7.1.
1.11    “Control” shall mean, with respect to any Information, Patents or other intellectual property rights, possession by a party of the right, power and authority (whether by ownership, license or otherwise) to grant access to, to grant use of, or to grant a license or a sublicense to such Information, Patents or intellectual property rights without violating the terms of any agreement or other arrangement with any Third Party.
1.12    “Development Plan” shall mean a summary of the pre-clinical, clinical and pharmaceutical development plan, which sets out the activities and timetable for the development of the Compound and Licensed Product, as updated by Ocera and/or its Sublicensees from time to time and provided to UCL.
1.13    “Dosage Form” shall mean the physical form of a dose of a Licensed Product, such as a capsule, tablet or intravenous administration.
1.14    “External Funding” shall mean any funding or assistance provided by any Third Party, including without limitation, any state or public body.

1.15    “Field” shall mean any and all uses.
1.16    “First Commercial Sale” shall mean, with respect to a Licensed Product, the first sale for end use or consumption of such Licensed Product in a country after the Regulatory Authority in such country has granted Regulatory Approval.
1.17    “GAAP” shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or internationally, as appropriate, consistently applied and shall mean the international financial reporting standards (“IFRS”) at such time as IFRS becomes the generally accepted accounting standard and applicable laws require that a party use IFRS.
1.18    “Generic Competition” shall mean, with respect to a given country in the Territory, the introduction by one or more Third Parties into such country, including by means of parallel imports, of one or more generic product(s). A generic must contain the same active ingredient as the reference drug and compete with the applicable Licensed Product.
1.19    “Indication” shall mean a disease, disorder, symptom or other particular circumstance that indicates the advisability or necessity of a specific medical treatment or procedure.
1.20    “Information” shall mean all tangible and intangible (a) technology, trade secrets, inventions (whether patentable or not), methods, know-how, clinical and test data and results (including pharmacological, toxicological and clinical test data and results), analytical and quality control data, results or descriptions, software and algorithms and (b) compositions of matter, cells, cell lines, assays, animal models and physical, biological or chemical material.
1.21    “Licensed Product” shall mean a product that contains or comprises the Compound, including all analogs, formulations, line extensions and modes of administration thereof.
1.22    “Losses” shall have the meaning provided in Section 9.1.
1.23    “Major Country” shall mean France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, Japan or the United States of America.
1.24    “NDA” shall mean a new drug application (as more fully defined in 21 C.F.R. 314.5 et seq.) or equivalent application, and all amendments and supplements thereto. filed with the applicable Regulatory Authority in a country or jurisdiction in the Territory (including any supra-national agency such as in the European Union), including all documents, data, and other information concerning a pharmaceutical product which are necessary for gaining Regulatory Approval to market and sell a pharmaceutical product.
1.25    “Net Sales” shall mean the total gross amount invoiced for sales or other dispositions of Licensed Products by or on behalf of Ocera and/or its Sublicensee(s) to Third Party customers, after deducting, in accordance with GAAP, any (a) credits, allowances, samples, discounts and rebates to, and chargebacks from the account of, such Third Party customers; (b) freight, postage, shipping and insurance costs; (c) trade discounts, cash discounts, quantity discounts and rebates, including charge back payments, and rebates granted to managed care organizations, including, but not limited to, wholesalers and chain and pharmacy buying groups; (d) retroactive price reductions; (e) amounts payable resulting from governmental, regulatory or agency mandated rebate programs, (f) amounts repaid or credited for uncollectible amounts on previously sold products; (g) sales, value-added and other direct taxes incurred directly in connection with the sale of Licensed Products; and (h) customs duties, custom broker charges and other surcharges and governmental charges incurred in connection with the exportation or importation of Licensed Products, to the extent the same are actually charged and separately itemised on the relevant invoice. In the case of any sale or other disposal of a Licensed Product between or among Ocera and its Affiliates or Sublicensees, for resale, Net Sales shall be calculated as above only on the value charged or invoiced on the first arm’s-length sale thereafter to a Third Party. In the case of any sale or other disposal for value, such as barter or counter-trade, of any Licensed Product other than in an arm’s-length transaction exclusively for money, Net Sales shall be calculated as above on the value of the non-cash consideration received or, if higher, the average sales price of such Licensed Product (for like quantity) during the applicable reporting period in the country of sale or disposal; provided, however, that any dispute as to the determination of Net Sales in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence that cannot be resolved by agreement of the parties shall be referred to an expert for resolution in accordance with the provisions of Exhibit E.
Any disposal of Licensed Products for, or use of Licensed Products in, clinical or pre-clinical trials, given as free samples or given free to government or charitable organisations solely for distribution as part of indigent programs shall not be included in Net Sales.
In the case of any product that is a Licensed Product sold in combination with any other active ingredient(s), compound(s) or component(s) (for example, a delivery device) that is not part of the Licensed Product or is priced separately, whether packaged together or in the same therapeutic formulation (a “Combination Product”), Net Sales for such Combination Product shall be calculated by multiplying actual Net Sales of such Combination Product by the fraction A/(A+B) where A is the invoice price of the Licensed Product, if sold separately, and B is the total invoice price of the other active ingredient(s) or compound(s) in the Combination Product, if sold separately. If, on a country‑by‑country basis, the other active ingredient(s) or compound(s) in the Combination Product is not sold separately in said country, Net Sales for the purpose of determining royalties of the Combination Product shall be calculated by multiplying actual Net Sales of such Combination Product by the fraction A/D, where A is the invoice price of the Licensed Product, if sold separately, and D is the invoice price of the Combination Product. If neither the Licensed Product nor the other active ingredient(s) or compound(s) in the Combination Product is sold separately in a given country, the parties shall determine Net Sales for such Combination Product by mutual agreement based on the relative contribution of the Licensed Product and the other active ingredient(s) or compound(s) in the Combination Product; provided, however, that any dispute as to the determination of Net Sales in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence that cannot be resolved by agreement of the parties shall be referred to an expert for resolution in accordance with the provisions of Exhibit E.
1.26    “Non-Commercial Research” shall mean use of UCL Patents and/or UCL Know-How for academic research or other non-for-profit purposes that do not use the UCL Patents or the UCL Know-How in the research, development, production or manufacture of products for commercial purposes.
1.27    “Nondisclosure Agreement” shall mean the nondisclosure agreement between the parties, dated May 15, 2008.
1.28    “Patents” shall mean (a) patents, re-examinations, reissues, renewals, confirmations, extensions (including supplemental protection certificates) and term restorations, and (b) pending applications for patents, including, without limitation, provisional applications, continuations, continuations-in-part, divisional and substitute applications, including, without limitation, inventors’ certificates.
1.29    “Phase IIb Trial” shall mean a study of a Licensed Product in human patients to determine initial efficacy before commencing a Phase III Trial, which study is determined by Ocera or its Sublicensee to be a Phase IIb Trial.
1.30    “Phase III Trial” shall mean a confirmatory pivotal study in human patients with a defined dose or a set of defined doses of a Licensed Product designed to ascertain efficacy and safety of such Licensed Product for the purpose of submitting an application for Regulatory Approval to the competent Regulatory Authority in a country or jurisdiction in the Territory.
1.31    “Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial” shall mean (a) a study of a Licensed Product in human patients to obtain a preliminary indication of the doses that result in suitable efficacy, safety and tolerance for acute liver failure, and (b) a study of a Licensed Product in human patients to obtain a preliminary indication of the doses that result in suitable efficacy, safety and tolerance for hepatic encephalopathy.
1.32    “Regulatory Approval” shall mean any and all approvals (including price and reimbursement approvals, if required), licenses, registrations, or authorizations of any country, federal, supranational, state or local regulatory agency, department, bureau or other government entity that are necessary for the manufacture, use, storage, import, transport and/or sale of a Licensed Product in such jurisdiction.
1.33    “Regulatory Authority” shall mean the governmental authority or agency having the administrative authority to regulate the marketing of human pharmaceutical products or biological therapeutic products, delivery systems and devices in the applicable country or jurisdiction in the Territory, including the United States Food and Drug Administration, or any successor agency thereto, in the United States of America.
1.34    “Royalty Term” shall mean, in the case of any Licensed Product, in any country in the Territory, the period of time commencing on the First Commercial Sale in such country and ending upon the later of (a) the expiration in such country of the last-to-expire Valid Claim within the UCL Patents covering (i) the composition or use of the Compound or (ii) the composition or use of the Licensed Product or (b) ten (10) years after the date of First Commercial Sale in such country, subject to Section 3.3.
1.35    “Sublicence Agreement” means any agreement between Ocera and a Sublicensee.
1.36    “Sublicensee” shall mean a Third Party or an Affiliate of Ocera to whom Ocera has granted a sublicense of any of the rights with respect to Licensed Products licenses to Ocera under Section 2.1, beyond the mere right to purchase Licensed Product.
1.37    “Term” shall have the meaning provided in Section 8.1.
1.38    “Territory” shall mean the world.
1.39    “Third Party” shall mean any entity other than UCL or Ocera or an Affiliate of UCL or Ocera.
1.40    “Third Party License” shall have the meaning provided in Section 3.4.
1.41    “UCL Indemnitee” shall have the meaning provided in Section 9.1.
1.42    “UCL Know-How” shall mean Information that UCL or any of its Affiliates Controls (i) on the Effective Date that has been developed by Professor Rajiv Jalan and the members of his research team working at the University and which relates directly to the Compound in the Field in the Territory, including all Information listed in Exhibit B, and (ii) after the Effective Date that arises from the Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial or the Collaboration Agreement, and (iii) in respect of which Ocera exercises its option under Section 2.7.
1.43    “UCL Patents” shall mean the Patents listed in Exhibit A to this Agreement and any Patents that claim priority solely from the Patents listed in Exhibit A and/or any of their priority filings and any other Patents owned by UCL that relate to the Compound and are based on UCL Know-How.
1.44    “UCL Technology” shall mean the UCL Patents and UCL Know-How.
1.45    “University” shall mean University College London, a charity incorporated by Royal Charter and having its address at Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT.
1.46    “Valid Claim” shall mean a claim of any issued, unexpired patent within the UCL Patents that has not been revoked or held unenforceable or invalid by a decision of a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be taken, or with respect to which an appeal is not taken within the time allowed for appeal, and that has not been disclaimed or admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through formal patent prosecution and/or maintenance proceedings including through reissue or disclaimer.
2.
GRANT OF RIGHTS
2.1    Licenses Granted to Ocera. UCL hereby grants to Ocera, during the Term, an exclusive license under the UCL Technology to research, develop, make, have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import and export the Compound and Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory subject to and in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing, under the licenses granted under this Section 2.1, UCL hereby grants to Ocera, during the Term, the exclusive right to access, use and reference all data and know‑how within the UCL Technology in the Territory in order to research, develop, make, have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import and export the Compound and Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory.
2.2    Commercially Reasonable Efforts. Ocera, agrees that it and, as applicable, its Sublicensees, shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to follow the Development Plan and to pursue development and commercialization of Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory which shall include Commercially Reasonable Efforts to:
(a)    develop a commercially viable Licensed Product in the Field;
(b)    file an Investigational New Drug application for a Licensed Product on or before December 31, 2010;
(c)    initiate human clinical trials of a Licensed Product funded by Ocera on or before December 31, 2011;
(d)    initiate a first Dosage Form (IV), first Indication proof-of-concept Phase IIb Trial by the end of the first Calendar Quarter 2014;
(e)    initiate a second Dosage Form (oral), first Indication study in humans by the end of the third Calendar Quarter 2014; and
(f)    market and promote at least one Licensed Product in each Major Country where Regulatory Approval has been granted for that Licensed Product.
(e)    initiate a first Dosage Form (IV), first Indication proof-of-concept Phase IIb Trial by the end of the first Calendar Quarter 2014; and
(f)    initiate a second Dosage Form (oral), first Indication study in humans by the end of the third Calendar Quarter 2014.
Every six (6) months from the Effective Date, Ocera will provide UCL with a brief report on the status of such development and commercialization activities and on Ocera’s progress with the Development Plan. As part of this report Ocera shall inform UCL of the status of the IV Acute Liver Failure study progress (second Indication), and share its plans with UCL for the potential development of this Indication. If a report referred to in this paragraph demonstrates that Ocera and/or its Sublicensees have not undertaken any development and/or commercialization activities in respect of Licensed Products within the 6 month period covered by the report or else have undertaken only development or commercialization activities which are immaterial or trivial in nature, Ocera shall within 30 days of a request from UCL meet with UCL to discuss the report and shall provide UCL with evidence of Ocera’s ongoing commitment to the development and commercialization of Licensed Products.
Upon written notice to UCL, Ocera may extend the dates for performance of the above diligence obligations for a reasonable period of time if necessary to meet the requirements or requests of any applicable Regulatory Authority or other reasonable considerations, including, but not limited to, safety and manufacturing considerations.
2.3    No Implied Licenses. No right or license under any Patents or Information of either party is granted or shall be granted by implication. All such rights or licenses are or shall be granted only as expressly provided in this Agreement.
2.4    Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trials. The Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial was conducted and managed by UCL pursuant to study designs prepared by Professor Rajiv Jalan. UCL did consult with Ocera and take account of any reasonable views expressed by Ocera, provided such views were expressed by Ocera within any reasonable timeframe notified to Ocera by UCL, on all substantial matters related to such study designs, but Ocera was not involved in the conduct or management of the Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial, although Ocera did provide support.. UCL was solely responsible for all costs and expenses of such Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial, and funding for such trial was provided through a grant by the Medical Research Council to UCL. For the avoidance of doubt UCL and UCLB are not responsible for any further costs incurred by Ocera in carrying out the Development Plan.
2.5    Supply of Compound. Promptly after the Effective Date, UCL shall make available to Ocera at no cost all quantities of Compound, including, without limitation, any raw materials and intermediates, UCL currently has on-hand for use solely in non-clinical studies. UCL shall have no other obligations under this Agreement to supply Compound or Licensed Product to Ocera for any purposes, including, without limitation, clinical purposes and commercial purposes, unless otherwise mutually agreed in writing by the parties. Any quantities of Compound supplied by either party for use solely in non-clinical studies are supplied on ‘as is’ basis and without any warranty or representation as to its quality or fitness for any purpose.
2.6    Technology Transfer. Within 90 days of the Effective Date UCL shall, at its own expense, transfer to Ocera all UCL Technology as is reasonably necessary in order to allow Ocera to exercise fully the licences granted to Ocera under Section 2.1, to the extent that UCL is legally entitled to disclose such UCL Technology to Ocera. UCL shall at the request of Ocera provide Ocera, free of charge, with up to 90 days of assistance regarding all such UCL Technology transferred under this Section 2.6 within the 6 month period after the Effective Date. If Ocera requires any further assistance from UCL in addition to that provided under this Section 2.6, UCL shall use its reasonable endeavors to provide such assistance but accepts no further obligation in this respect and any such further assistance provided by UCL shall be charged to Ocera based on the time spent by each of UCL’s or the University’s officers, employees, consultants, agents, representatives, contractors and advisors engaged in providing the further assistance at the rates set out in Exhibit C plus all out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred by such individuals, such payment shall be payable by Ocera to UCL monthly in arrears.
2.7    Non-Commercial Research. Notwithstanding the grant of the exclusive licence under Section 2.1, UCL shall retain the right to use, and allow both (i) the University and (ii) non-profit entities acting in collaboration with UCL and/or the University, to use the UCL Technology solely for Non-Commercial Research. Ocera shall have an option to take a licence to any Information that relates to the Compound and that arises from any such Non-Commercial Research in which Professor Rajiv Jalan and the members of his research team working at the University are involved during the Term. Such option shall be exercisable by Ocera giving written notice to UCL within 30 days of UCL providing details of such Information to Ocera.
 
2.8    
Upon Ocera’s exercise of such option, the relevant Information shall be deemed to be included within the meaning of “UCL Know-How” and shall be subject to the provisions of this Agreement. Ocera’s licence shall be subject to the terms of any External Funding for the Non-Commercial Research from which the relevant Information arises. UCL shall share with Ocera the terms attached to any External Funding if such terms could adversely affect the rights or obligations of Ocera and in these circumstances the terms and conditions related to such External Funding will be subject to the prior written approval of Ocera, which may not unreasonably withheld or delayed. In any disclosure contemplated by this Section 2.7, UCL shall take all reasonable steps to preserve the rights of Ocera as granted by the terms of this Agreement.
2.9    Sublicensing and Subcontracting.    Ocera may sublicense and/or subcontract its rights under this Agreement provided that it enters into a written agreement with each Sublicensee and shall ensure that:
(a)    the provisions of the Sublicence Agreement are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement (in particular, Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.8, 3.4, 4.1, 5, 6.1, 7, 8, 9.1, 9.2 and 10.6) and do not place any obligations on UCL more onerous than those set forth herein;
(b)    the Sublicence Agreement imposes obligations of confidentiality on the Sublicensee which are no less onerous than those set out in Section 7;
(c)    the Sublicence Agreement shall be terminated if the Sublicensee challenges, opposes or otherwise disputes (or assists any Third Party to challenge, oppose or otherwise dispute) the ownership, validity and/or scope of any of the UCL Technology in any court, patent office or arbitration proceedings; and
(d)    each Sublicence Agreement names UCL as a beneficiary of the Sublicence Agreement so that UCL has a direct right of action against the Sublicensee in the event that the Sublicensee is in breach of the Sublicence Agreement, but only if and to the extent that Ocera fails to timely enforce such rights on its own behalf.
Ocera shall procure that each Sublicensee complies fully at all times with the provisions of its Sublicence Agreement and Ocera shall be liable for all acts and omissions of each of its Sublicensees that, if committed by Ocera, would constitute a breach of any of the provisions of this Agreement. Ocera shall provide UCL with a true and complete copy of any Sublicence Agreement promptly following its execution; provided, however, that prior to providing such Sublicence Agreement to UCL, Ocera may first redact any Confidential Information that is not necessary to disclose to UCL in order to ensure compliance with this Agreement.
3.
FEES AND PAYMENTS
3.1    Upfront Fee. Ocera paid to UCL a non-refundable upfront fee of US$1,000,000 within 45 days after the Effective Date.
3.2    Milestone Payments. Within 45 days following the first occurrence of each of the events set forth below with respect to a Licensed Product, Ocera shall pay to UCL the
 
3.3    
milestone payment set forth below (whether such milestone is achieved by Ocera or any of its Sublicensees):
Milestone Events for First Dosage Form (e.g., IV), First Indication (e.g., acute hepatic encephalopathy (HE)) of a Licensed Product

Milestone Payment
Completion of Phase IIb Trial in first Major Country
[*]
Completion of Phase III Trial in first Major Country
[*]
Regulatory Approval in first Major Country
[*]
[ * ]
[*]
Milestone Events for First Dosage Form (e.g., IV), Second Indication (e.g., liver cirrhosis) of a Licensed Product
Milestone Payment
Completion of Phase IIb Trial in first Major Country
[*]
Completion of Phase III Trial in first Major Country
[*]
Regulatory Approval in first Major Country
[*]
[ * ]
[*]
Milestone Events for Second Dosage Form (e.g., oral), First Indication (e.g., minimal HE) of a Licensed Product
Milestone Payment
Completion of Phase IIb Trial in first Major Country
[*]
Completion of Phase III Trial in first Major Country
[*]
Regulatory Approval in first Major Country
[*]
[ * ]
[*]
[ * ]
[*]
[ * ]
[*]
[ * ]
[*]
[ * ]
[*]
Sales Milestones
Milestone Payment
First Calendar Year in which total annual Net Sales of all Licensed Products equal or exceed [*]
[*]
First Calendar Year in which total annual Net Sales of all Licensed Products equal or exceed [*]
[*]
First Calendar Year in which total annual Net Sales of all Licensed Products equal or exceed [*]

[*]
First Calendar Year in which total annual Net Sales of all Licensed Products equal or exceed [*]

[*]
First Calendar Year in which total annual Net Sales of all Licensed Products equal or exceed [*]
[*]

Each of the milestone payments described in this Section 3.2 shall be payable only one time for the first occurrence of the applicable milestone event. For purposes of clarification, all references made to “first Major Country” shall mean the first Major Country in which the particular milestone event is achieved, which may or may not be the same Major Country as that in which an earlier milestone event was achieved for the same Dosage Form and/or Indication of a Licensed Product. The terms ‘first Dosage Form’, ‘second Dosage Form’, ‘first Indication’ and ‘second Indication’ shall apply separately in respect of and according to the order in which the combinations of Dosage Form and Indication meet each milestone event. Should, for example, the first Indication or Dosage Form be abandoned for any reason in the first Major Country and a new Indication or Dosage Form is developed, then that new Indication or Dosage Form shall replace the first Indication or Dosage Form for purposes of the milestone events in this Section 3.2, with milestone payments beginning with the first milestone event to occur following the last milestone event for which a milestone payment has already been made.
In relation to all clinical trials to which the milestone payments described in this Section 3.2 relate, Ocera shall notify UCL of the endpoints or other objectives of the trial and shall promptly notify UCL in writing of the conclusion or completion of the trial together with an evaluation against the original endpoints or other objectives for the purpose of determining “Completion”.
The parties agree that in the event that, following the Effective Date, all Claim Applications have been finally rejected by a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be taken, or with respect to which an appeal is not taken by either party within the time allowed for appeal in all of the Major Countries, the parties shall, upon written request by Ocera to UCL, negotiate in good faith appropriate modifications to this Section 3.2 to change any outstanding milestone events and reduce the amounts of any milestone payments not yet paid or due to UCL. For the avoidance doubt, UCL shall not be required to repay any sums paid by or due from Ocera in respect of milestone events that have already occurred prior to the discussions referred to in this paragraph.
3.4    Royalties.
(a)    Royalty Rates. During the Royalty Term, Ocera shall pay to UCL royalties on Net Sales of Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory at the following rates, subject to Section 3.3(b), (c) or (d), as applicable, and Section 3.4:
(i)    [*] of that portion of total annual Net Sales of Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory that is less than or equal to [*];
(ii)    [*] of that portion of total annual Net Sales of Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory that is greater than [*] and less than or equal to [*]; and
(iii)    [*] of that portion of total annual Net Sales of Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory that is greater than [*].
(b)    Reduction in Royalty Rates Where There Is No Valid Composition or Use Claim. In any period during the Royalty Term in which there is no Valid Claim within the UCL Patents covering the composition or use of the Compound or Licensed Product in any country in the Territory, then:
(i)    the royalties due to UCL with respect to such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above if there is no Generic Competition in such country; and
(ii)    the royalties due to UCL with respect to such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to zero if there is Generic Competition in such country.
(c)    Reduction in Royalty Rates Where There Is A Valid Composition or Use Claim in a Major Country. In any period during the Royalty Term in which there is a Valid Claim within the UCL Patents covering the composition or use of the Compound or Licensed Product in any Major Country in the Territory and there is Generic Competition in such Major Country, then, subject to Section 3.3(e):
(i)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country, as reported in sales by Intercontinental Medical Statistics (“IMS”), declines by at least 15% but less than 30% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above;
(ii)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country, as reported in sales by IMS, declines by at least 30% but less than 45% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such Major Country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above; and
(iii)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country, as reported in sales by IMS, declines by more than 45% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such Major Country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above.
(d)    Reduction in Royalty Rates Where There Is A Valid Composition or Use Claim in a Country Other Than a Major Country. In any period during the Royalty Term in which there is a Valid Claim within the UCL Patents covering the composition or use of the Compound or Licensed Product in any country in the Territory other than a Major Country and there is Generic Competition in such country, then, subject to Section 3.3(e):
(i)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such country, as reported in sales by IMS, declines by at least 15% but less than 30% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above;
(ii)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such country, as reported in sales by IMS, declines by at least 30% but less than 45% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above;
(iii)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such country, as reported in sales by IMS, declines by more than 45% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above; and
(iv)    notwithstanding the foregoing, if Ocera can demonstrate that sales of such Licensed Product in such country has rendered such Licensed Product unprofitable, then the royalties due to UCL with respect to such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to zero.
(e)    Reduction in Royalty Rates Where There Is A Valid Composition or Use Claim and Ocera Brings an Infringement Action. In any period during the Royalty Term in which there is a Valid Claim within the UCL Patents covering the composition or use of the Compound or Licensed Product in any country in the Territory and there is Generic Competition in such country, and Ocera (or its Sublicensee) initiates an action or proceedings to cease and/or prevent such Generic Competition from commencing and/or continuing in such country as contemplated by Section 5.3, then notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to zero. If such action results in termination of the Generic Competition in such country, then any recovery obtained as a result of such action shall be applied in the manner described in Section 5.3, and Ocera shall pay royalties at the then-applicable royalty rate in accordance with this Section 3.3 on any Net Sales of such Licensed Product in such country during the period in which there was Generic Competition where Ocera did not pay previously pay royalties on such Net Sales by virtue of this Section 3.3(e), plus interest on such royalties from the date that such royalties would otherwise have been due at the at a rate equivalent to 2% above the Barclays Bank plc base lending rate then in force in London.
3.5    Royalty Credit. On a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, in the event that Ocera or any of its Sublicensees, as applicable, obtains a license to any intellectual property rights of a Third Party (a “Third Party License”) in order to avoid infringing such Third Party’s patent(s) in the course of the manufacture, use or sale of Licensed Products, Ocera shall have the right to credit [*] of any payment made to such Third Party under such Third Party License against up to [*] of any royalty otherwise due to UCL hereunder; provided, however, that in no event shall the royalties due to UCL for any Licensed Product in any Calendar Quarter be reduced to less than [*] of the royalties then due and payable to UCL.
3.6    Partnering Opportunities Introduced by UCL. In the event that Ocera enters into a written agreement regarding a Licensed Product with China Medical Systems Holdings, Ltd. and/or any other Third Party which was introduced to Ocera in writing by UCL and/or any Affiliate of UCL on or before the Effective Date, Ocera will pay to UCL, in addition to the milestone payments made by Ocera pursuant to Section 3.2, a percentage of all milestone payments received by Ocera from such Third Parties under such agreements within 45 days of the receipt of such funds at the following rates:
(a)(i)    [*] of any milestone payments received by Ocera from such Third Party for the achievement by such Third Party of any milestone events outlined in Section 3.2 of this Agreement up to, but not including, the milestone event regarding Completion of successful Phase III Trial in the first Major Country for the first Dosage Form, first Indication of Licensed Product; and
(a)(ii)    [*] of any milestone payments received by Ocera from such Third Party for the achievement by such Third Party of any of the remaining milestone event outlined in Section 3.2 of this Agreement, beginning with Completion of successful Phase III Trial in the first Major Country for the first Dosage Form, first Indication of Licensed Product; or
(b)    where the milestone events in Ocera’s written agreement with such Third Party are structured differently to those outlined in Section 3.2 of this Agreement, [*] of any milestone payment received by Ocera from such Third Party relating to the first Dosage Form, first Indication of Licensed Product.
For purposes of clarification, Ocera shall not be obligated to make any payments to UCL under this Section 3.5 unless such Third Party is required under Ocera’s agreement with such Third Party to make such milestone payments to Ocera.
4.
PAYMENT; RECORDS; AUDITS
4.1    Payment; Reports. All payments due to UCL under this Agreement shall be paid within 45 days of the end of each Calendar Quarter, unless otherwise specifically provided herein. Each payment shall be accompanied by a report of Net Sales of Licensed Products by Ocera and its Sublicensees in sufficient detail to permit confirmation of the accuracy of the payment made, including, without limitation the information set out in Exhibit D. Ocera shall keep, and shall cause its Sublicensees to keep, complete and accurate records pertaining to the sale or other disposition of Licensed Products in sufficient detail to permit UCL to confirm the accuracy of all payments due hereunder.
4.2    Exchange Rate; Manner and Place of Payment. All payments hereunder shall be payable in U.S. dollars. When conversion of payments from any foreign currency is required, such conversion shall be at an exchange rate equal to the weighted average of the rates of exchange for the currency of the country where such Net Sales occurred as published by OANDA.com, or such other published currency rate as mutually agreed upon in writing by the parties, during the Calendar Quarter for which a payment is due. All payments owed under this Agreement shall be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to a bank and account designated in writing by UCL, unless otherwise specified in writing by UCL.
4.3    VAT and Sales Tax. The parties acknowledge that no value added tax, sales tax or similar taxes are payable in respect of any payments made by Ocera to UCL under this Agreement. In the event any such taxes become payable due to a change in the law, the parties shall promptly meet to discuss the change and shall cooperate in good-faith to determine how best to divide and structure payment between the parties so as to minimize the overall tax burden on each party, but in any event Ocera agrees that it shall not be entitled to derive a benefit from any such change in the law and shall pay any such taxes due and owing by Ocera to the extent they are recoverable by Ocera.
4.4    Income Tax Withholding. If any taxes are required by law to be withheld by Ocera, Ocera will (a) deduct such taxes from the payment made to UCL, (b) timely pay the taxes to the proper taxing authority, and (c) send proof of payment to UCL and certify its receipt by the taxing authority within the period for payment permitted by the relevant law. For the avoidance of doubt, any amount withheld by Ocera from any amount payable to UCL under this Agreement for or on account of taxes shall be deemed paid to UCL for purposes of this Agreement. The parties shall cooperate to ensure that all sums payable under this Agreement can be lawfully paid without deduction or withholding of tax, where this is possible under the laws of the relevant jurisdiction, and in particular, UCL will (i) upon execution of this Agreement, (ii) promptly upon reasonable demand by Ocera, and (iii) promptly upon learning that any form previously provided by it has become obsolete or incorrect, deliver to Ocera, or to such government or taxing authority as Ocera reasonably directs, any form or document that may be required or reasonably requested in order to allow Ocera to make any payment under this Agreement without any deduction or withholding for or on account of any tax or with such deduction or withholding at a reduced rate (including IRS Form W-8BEN), with any such form or document to be accurate and completed in a manner reasonably satisfactory to Ocera and to be executed and to be delivered with any reasonably required certification. UCL hereby represents that it is a “foreign person” (including within the meanings used in Treasury Regulation § 1.6041-4(a)(4) and in Treasury Regulations §§ 1.1441-1 to —9) for all U.S. federal income tax purposes.
4.5    Audits. During the Term and for a period of three years thereafter, Ocera shall keep (and shall cause its Sublicensees to keep) complete and accurate records pertaining to the sale or other disposition of Licensed Products in sufficient detail to permit UCL to confirm the accuracy of all royalty payments due hereunder. UCL shall have the right to cause an independent, certified public accountant reasonably acceptable to Ocera to audit such records (including the records of Ocera’s Sublicensees) to confirm Net Sales and royalty payments for a period covering not more than the three years preceding the date the applicable payment was made. Such audits may be exercised during normal business hours upon a minimum of 60 days prior written notice to Ocera, but no more than frequently than once per year. Prompt adjustments shall be made by the parties to reflect the results of such audit. UCL shall bear the full cost of such audit unless such audit discloses an underpayment by Ocera of more than 5% of the amount of royalty payments due under this Agreement, in which case, Ocera shall bear the full cost of such audit and shall promptly remit to UCL the amount of any underpayment.
5.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
5.1    Patent Prosecution and Maintenance. Ocera shall have first right, but not the obligation, to file, prosecute and maintain all patent applications and patents included in the UCL Patents. UCL and its Affiliates and employees of UCL or its Affiliate shall testify in any legal proceeding, sign all lawful papers, execute all divisional, continuing and reissue applications, make all rightful oaths and generally do everything possible to aid Ocera to file, prosecute and maintain all such patent applications and patents in all countries. Ocera shall be responsible for all costs, fees and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred from and after the Effective Date in connection with the filing and prosecution of such patent applications and the maintenance of such patents. Ocera shall consult with and take account of any reasonable views expressed by UCL, provided such views are expressed by UCL within any reasonable timeframe notified to UCL by Ocera, on all substantial matters concerning prosecution strategy and shall keep UCL informed of progress with regard to the filing, prosecution and maintenance of the UCL Patents by providing UCL with copies of official actions, amendments and responses with respect to such prosecution. Ocera agrees to notify UCL in writing in a timely manner if it does not desire to support the continued prosecution or appeals or maintenance of any patent applications or patents included in the UCL Patents. In the event Ocera declines to pursue the filing, prosecution or maintenance of any patent applications or patents included in the UCL Patents, UCL may, at its own expense, continue to prosecute or maintain such patent application or patent; provided that UCL will first discuss with Ocera and consider in good faith any reasons for not continuing to prosecute or maintain such patent application or patent. In the event UCL elects to continue such prosecution or maintenance of such patent application or patent in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence, the licence granted to Ocera in respect of such patent application or patent under Section 2.1 shall immediately terminate and the relevant patent application or patent shall cease to be a UCL Patent for the purposes of this Agreement.
5.2    Patent Term Extension and Restoration. The parties shall cooperate in obtaining any patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection certificates or their equivalents in any country where applicable to UCL Patents. Ocera shall have first right, but not the obligation, to elect to seek such patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection, and UCL shall abide by such election and shall take reasonable steps to assist Ocera in obtaining any such patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection, including by providing Ocera with copies of any Information Controlled by UCL which is reasonably necessary or useful in connection therewith; provided that Ocera will first discuss with UCL and consider in good faith any reasons for not seeking such patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection. In the event and to the extent Ocera declines to exercise its right in respect of any patent, whether any patent within the UCL Patents or any other patent relating to a Licensed Product, UCL shall have the right, at its own expense, to make the election to seek the relevant patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection, and Ocera shall abide by such election and shall take reasonable steps to assist UCL in obtaining any such patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection, including by providing UCL with copies of any Information Controlled by Ocera which is reasonably necessary or useful in connection therewith; provided that UCL will first discuss with Ocera and consider in good faith any reasons for not seeking such patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection.
5.3    Infringement by Third Parties. UCL and Ocera shall promptly notify the other in writing of any alleged or threatened infringement of any UCL Patent of which they become aware. Ocera shall have the first right to bring and control any action or proceeding with respect to infringement of any of the UCL Patents in the Territory at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and UCL shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice. If Ocera fails to bring an action or proceeding within (a) 90 days following the notice of alleged infringement or (b) 10 days before the time limit, if any, set forth in the appropriate laws and regulations for the filing of such actions, whichever comes first, UCL shall have the right to bring and control any such action at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and Ocera shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice; provided that UCL will first discuss with Ocera and consider in good faith any reasons for not bringing such an action. The party that brings and controls such action or proceeding shall keep the other party updated regarding the status and costs of such action or proceeding. In no event shall either party admit the invalidity of, or after exercising its right to bring and control an action under this Section 5.3, fail to defend the validity of, any UCL Patent without the other party’s prior written consent. Neither party shall have the right to settle any patent infringement litigation under this Section 5.3 relating to any UCL Patent without the prior written consent of the other party, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. Except as otherwise agreed by the parties as part of a cost-sharing arrangement, any recovery obtained by either party in connection with or as a result of any action contemplated by this Section 5.3, whether by settlement or otherwise, shall be shared in order as follows: (i) the party that initiated and prosecuted the action shall recoup all of its costs and expenses incurred in connection with the action; (ii) the other party shall then, to the extent possible, recover its costs and expenses incurred in connection with the action; (iii) where Ocera initiated and prosecuted the action, any remaining amounts after such reimbursement of the parties’ costs and expenses that are attributable to lost sales or lost profits with respect to Licensed Products shall be treated as Net Sales of Licensed Products for purposes of this Agreement; and (iv) any other remaining amounts after such reimbursement of the parties’ costs and expenses shall belong to the party that brought and controlled such action. Where any party to any patent infringement litigation contemplated by this Section 5.3 counterclaims for revocation of any of the UCL Patents then, where Ocera has initiated and prosecuted such litigation, Ocera shall notify UCL of such counterclaims and Section 5.4 shall apply in respect of such counterclaims.
5.4    Revocation. UCL and Ocera shall promptly notify the other in writing of the commencement of any proceeding where the validity of any of the UCL Patents is at issue, including opposition proceedings in respect of European patents and interference proceedings in respect of US patents (Revocation Proceedings). Ocera shall have the first right but not the obligation to defend the Revocation Proceedings. If Ocera does not wish to defend or continue to defend Revocation Proceedings then Ocera shall notify UCL and UCL may at its own cost and expense defend or continue to defend such Revocation Proceedings; provided that UCL will first discuss with Ocera and consider in good faith any reasons for not defending or continuing to defend the Revocation Proceedings. Each party shall provide, subject to the availability of suitably qualified staff, with such assistance as the other party shall reasonably request in connection with any Revocation Proceedings (providing the requesting party agrees to pay the other party’s reasonable out-of-pocket expenses properly incurred in providing the requested assistance). For the avoidance of doubt, in no circumstances shall UCL be required to refund any payments previously made under this Agreement including in the case where a UCL Patent is wholly or partly revoked, cancelled or otherwise cease to be in force.
5.5    Infringement of Third Party Rights. Each party shall promptly notify the other in writing of any allegation by a Third Party that the activities pursuant to this Agreement infringe or may infringe the intellectual property rights of such Third Party. UCL shall have the sole right to control any defense of any such claim involving alleged infringement of Third Party rights by UCL’s activities at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and Ocera shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice. Ocera shall have the sole right to control any defense of any such claim involving alleged infringement of Third Party rights by Ocera’s activities at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and UCL shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice. Neither party shall have the right to settle any patent infringement litigation under this Section 5.5 in a manner that diminishes the rights or interests of the other party without the written consent of such other party, which shall not be unreasonably withheld.
6.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
6.1    Mutual Representations and Warranties. Each party represents and warrants to the other that: (a) it is duly organized and validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation, and has full corporate or other power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out the provisions hereof; (b) it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder, and the person or persons executing this Agreement on its behalf has been duly authorized to do so by all requisite corporate or partnership action; and (c) this Agreement is legally binding upon it, enforceable in accordance with its terms, and does not conflict with any agreement, instrument or understanding, oral or written, to which it is a party or by which it may be bound, nor violate any material law or regulation of any court, governmental body or administrative or other agency having jurisdiction over it.
6.2    UCL Representations and Warranties. UCL represents and warrants to Ocera that, as of the Effective Date:
(a)    UCL is the sole owner of all UCL Patents and any rights in the UCL Know-How.
(b)    UCL has the right, power and authority to grant the licenses contemplated under this Agreement.
(c)    To UCL’s knowledge, without having made any searches or enquiries, the practice of the UCL Technology to develop or commercialize Compounds or Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory by UCL or its Affiliates prior to the Effective Date does not infringe any issued Patents of any Third Party, and UCL has received no written notice, and does not have knowledge of any threat or claim, of infringement or misappropriation of any alleged rights asserted by any Third Party against UCL or any of its Affiliates in relation to the UCL Technology.
(d)    To UCL’s knowledge, without having made any searches or enquiries, there is no Information that UCL or any of its Affiliates Controls which relates directly to the Compound in the Field in the Territory other than the UCL Know-How.
(e)    All inventors of any inventions claimed by the UCL Patents were employees or contractors of UCL or its Affiliate at the time such invention was made and have an obligation to assign their entire right, title and interest in and to such inventions and the corresponding UCL Patents to UCL, and, to UCL’s knowledge, no person, other than those persons named as inventors in any UCL Patents, is an inventor of the invention(s) claimed in such UCL Patents.
(f)    UCL has not received written notice concerning the institution or possible institution of any interference, reexamination, reissue, revocation or nullification proceeding involving any UCL Patents.
For the purposes of this Section 6.2, “UCL’s knowledge” shall be limited to the actual knowledge as at the Effective Date of the Business Managers and Directors of UCL.
6.3    Disclaimer. Except as expressly set forth herein, THE COMPOUNDS, TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROVIDED HEREUNDER ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND EACH PARTY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE WARRANTIES OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES, OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICES, IN ALL CASES WITH RESPECT THERETO. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each party expressly does not warrant (a) the success of any Compound or Licensed Product or (b) the safety or usefulness for any purpose of the technology it provides hereunder.
6.4    Limitation of Liability. EXCEPT FOR PAYMENTS UNDER SECTION 3 OR LIABILITY FOR BREACH OF SECTION 7, NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM THE OTHER PARTY ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY LICENSE GRANTED HEREUNDER; provided, however, that this Section 6.4 shall not be construed to limit Ocera’s indemnification obligations under Section 9.1. Except for liability for breach by UCL of its obligations with respect to the license granted to Ocera under Section 2.1, or for breach by UCL of Section 7, UCL’s liability, whether arising under this Agreement or arising in relation to any activities contemplated by this Agreement, shall to the maximum extent permitted by all applicable law, not exceed $10 million or the total amount received by UCL under this Agreement as of the date of any claim, whichever is greater.
6.5    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 6.4, nothing in this Agreement limits or excludes either party’s liability for (a) death or personal injury or (b) fraud.
7.
CONFIDENTIALITY
7.1    Confidential Information. Except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement or otherwise agreed in writing by the parties, the parties agree that, during the Term and thereafter, the receiving party shall keep confidential and shall not publish or otherwise disclose and shall not use for any purpose other than as expressly provided for in this Agreement any Information furnished to it by the other party pursuant to this Agreement or the Nondisclosure Agreement, whether in oral, written, graphic or electronic form (collectively, “Confidential Information”). Each party may use such Confidential Information only to the extent required to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement. Each party will use at least the same standard of care as it uses to protect proprietary or confidential information of its (but no less than reasonable care) own to ensure that its employees, agents, consultants and other representatives do not disclose or make any unauthorized use of the Confidential Information. Each party will promptly notify the other upon discovery of any unauthorized use or disclosure of the Confidential Information.
7.2    Exceptions. Confidential Information shall not include any information which the receiving party can prove by competent written evidence: (a) is now, or hereafter becomes, through no act or failure to act on the part of the receiving party, generally known or available; (b) is known by the receiving party at the time of receiving such information, as evidenced by its records; (c) is hereafter furnished to the receiving party by a Third Party, as a matter of right and without restriction on disclosure; or (d) is the subject of a written permission to disclose provided by the disclosing party.
7.3    Authorized Disclosure. Each party may disclose Confidential Information belonging to the other party to the extent such disclosure is reasonably necessary in the following instances:
(a)    filing or prosecuting Patents as permitted by this Agreement;
(b)    regulatory filings for Licensed Products by Ocera and its Sublicensees;
(c)    prosecuting or defending litigation as permitted by this Agreement;
(d)    complying with applicable court orders or governmental regulations;
(e)    disclosure to Affiliates, Sublicensees, employees, consultants and agents in connection with performance of activities contemplated by this Agreement or to other Third Parties in connection with due diligence or similar investigations by such Third Party relating to this Agreement, including, without limitation, disclosure to potential Third Party investors in confidential financing documents, provided, in each case, that any such Affiliate, Sublicensee, employee, consultant, agent or Third Party agrees to be bound by at least equivalent terms of confidentiality and non-use to those set forth in this Section 7.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event a party is required to make a disclosure of the other party’s Confidential Information pursuant to Section 7.3(c) or (d), it will, except where impracticable, give reasonable advance notice to the other party of such disclosure, take into account the reasonable requests of the other party in relation to the content of such disclosure, and use efforts to secure confidential treatment of such information at least as diligent as such party would use to protect its own confidential information, but in no event less than reasonable efforts. In any event, the parties agree to take all reasonable action to avoid disclosure of Confidential Information hereunder. The parties will consult with each other on the provisions of this Agreement to be redacted in any filings made by the parties with the Securities and Exchange Commission or as otherwise required by applicable laws, rules or regulations.
7.4    Publications. Each party to this Agreement recognizes that the publication of papers regarding results of and other information regarding research or development activities with respect to the Compound and Licensed Products, including oral presentations and abstracts, may be beneficial to both parties provided such publications are subject to reasonable controls to protect Confidential Information. Accordingly, a party shall have the right to review and comment on any material proposed for disclosure or publication by the other party, such as by oral presentation, manuscript or abstract, which includes information related to (i) the Compound and/or Licensed Products to the extent that such material is proposed for disclosure by Professor Rajiv Jalan and the members of his research team working at the University or (ii) any Confidential Information of such party. Before any such material is submitted for publication, the party proposing publication shall deliver a complete copy to the other party at least 30 days prior to submitting the material to a publisher or initiating any other disclosure. Such other party shall review any such material and give its comments to the party proposing publication within 15 days of the delivery of such material to such other party. With respect to oral presentation materials and abstracts, such other party shall make reasonable efforts to expedite review of such materials and abstracts, and shall return such items as soon as practicable to the party proposing publication with appropriate comments, if any, but in no event later than 15 days from the date of delivery to the non-publishing party. The publishing party shall comply with the other party’s request to delete references to the Confidential Information in any such material and agrees to delay any submission for publication or other public disclosure for a period of up to an additional 90 days for the purpose of preparing and filing appropriate patent applications.
7.5    Publicity. It is understood that the parties intend to coordinate the issuance of press releases announcing the execution of this Agreement and agree that each party may desire or be required to issue subsequent press releases relating to this Agreement or activities hereunder. The parties agree to consult with each other reasonably and in good faith with respect to the text and timing of such press releases prior to the issuance thereof, provided that a party may not unreasonably withhold consent to such releases and shall provide comments on such releases within five days of receipt, and that either party may issue such press releases as it determines, based on advice of counsel, are reasonably necessary to comply with laws or regulations or for appropriate market disclosure. In addition, following the initial press releases announcing this Agreement, either party shall be free to disclose, without the other party’s prior written consent, the existence of this Agreement, the identity of the other party and those terms of the Agreement which have already been publicly disclosed in accordance herewith. Ocera shall not use the name or logo of UCL or the University in any press release or product advertising, or for any other promotional purpose, without first obtaining UCL’s written consent; provided that Ocera need only obtain prior written consent one time for disclosure of the name or logo of UCL or the University for use in a particular context and where the name or logo of UCL or the University is being used in the same way as has previously been approved by UCL.
8.
TERM AND TERMINATION
8.1    Term. The term of this Agreement (the “Term”) shall commence on the Effective Date and continue in each country in the Territory until the expiration of the last Royalty Term in such country, unless earlier terminated in accordance with Section 8.2. After the expiration of this Agreement, on a country-by-country basis, in each country in the Territory, Ocera will retain the licenses granted under Section 2.1, except that such licenses shall be fully paid-up and royalty‑free. For the avoidance of doubt, such fully paid up and royalty free licences only apply upon expiration of this Agreement as opposed to earlier termination under Section 8.2.
8.2    Termination.
(a)    Termination for Cause. Each party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement upon 60 days’ prior written notice to the other party upon the occurrence of any of the following:
(i)    Upon or after (1) an order is made or a resolution is passed for the winding up of the other party (other than a dissolution or winding up for the purpose of reconstruction or amalgamation), (2) a liquidator, administrative receiver, receiver, or trustee is appointed in respect of a material part of the other party’s assets or business, (3) as a consequence of financial difficulties the other party makes or proposes any voluntary arrangement with its creditors, (4) the other party ceases to continue its business, (5) the other party becomes unable to pay its debts as and when they fall due or (6) as a consequence of debt and/or maladministration, the other party takes or suffers any similar or analogous action to those listed in (1) - (5) above; or
(ii)    Upon or after the breach of any material provision of this Agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured such breach where it is capable of being cured within the 60-day period following written notice of termination by the non-breaching party. Material provisions shall for the purposes of this Subsection 8.2(a)(ii) include without limitation Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 5, 7, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1 and 10.6.
(b)    Termination by Ocera. Ocera shall have the right to terminate this Agreement for any reason upon 90 days’ prior written notice to UCL.
(c)    Termination by UCL. Without prejudice to any other right or remedy, UCL shall have the right to terminate this Agreement if Ocera or any of its Sublicensees or Affiliates challenge, petition to revoke, oppose or otherwise dispute, or directly or indirectly assist any Third Party to challenge, petition to revoke, oppose or otherwise dispute, the validity and/or scope of any of the UCL Patents including the validity of any of the claims of the UCL Patents.
8.3    Effect of Termination; Surviving Obligations.
(a)    Upon termination of this Agreement for any reason:
(i)    except as otherwise provided in Section 8.3(a)(ii), all rights under the license granted by UCL to Ocera under Section 2.1 shall automatically terminate and revert to UCL;
(ii)    UCL shall, and it hereby does, grant to Ocera a fully-paid, perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide, exclusive, royalty-free license, with the right to sublicense and further sublicense, to use the Licensed Results (as defined in clause 4.4 of the Collaboration Agreement) for any and all uses and UCL shall provide to Ocera copies of any materials forming part of the Licensed Results in its possession to the extent such materials are reasonably necessary in order to enable the practice of such license;
(iii)    any Sublicence Agreements granted under Section 2.8 by Ocera shall remain in effect, but shall be assigned to UCL;
(iv)    Ocera shall return all UCL Know-How in its possession (except for any and all UCL Know-How to which Ocera retains a license under Section 8.3(a)(ii)) to UCL within 60 days of such termination;
(v)    UCL shall have the option to acquire from Ocera, subject to the negotiation of mutually agreeable terms, all regulatory approvals, clinical data and other similar information and items related to the Compound and Licensed Product owned by Ocera; and
(vi)    Ocera shall within 30 days following expiry or termination pay to UCL all sums due to it under this Agreement in respect of the period up to and including the date of expiration or termination, including without limitation any sums due pursuant to Section 3.
(b)    Following the expiration of the Term under Section 8.1, Ocera will retain the licenses granted to it under Section 2, except that all such licenses shall be fully paid and irrevocable.
(c)    Expiration or termination of this Agreement shall not relieve the parties of any obligation accruing prior to such expiration or termination. Except as otherwise provided herein, the provisions of Section 1, 3 (to the extent sums remain payable), 4, 5.5, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.5, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 9 and 10 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. In addition, Section 8.1 shall survive any expiration of this Agreement. Termination of this Agreement shall not limit any other rights and remedies of the parties.
(d)    Within 30 days following the expiration or termination of this Agreement, except to the extent and for so long as a party retains license rights under Section 8.3(a) or (b), each party shall deliver to the other party any and all Confidential Information of the other party in its possession.
8.4    Exercise of Right to Terminate. The use by either party hereto of a termination right provided for under this Agreement shall not give rise to the payment of damages or any other form of compensation or relief to the other party with respect thereto.
8.5    Damages; Relief. Subject to Section 8.4 above, termination of this Agreement shall not preclude either party from claiming any other damages, compensation or relief that it may be entitled to upon such termination.
9.
INDEMNIFICATION
9.1    Indemnification by Ocera. Ocera hereby agrees to save, defend and hold UCL and its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (each, a “UCL Indemnitee”) harmless from and against any and all demands, liabilities, expenses and/or loss, including reasonable legal expense and attorneys’ fees (collectively, “Losses”) to which any UCL Indemnitee may become subject as a result of any claim, demand, action or other proceeding by any Third Party to the extent such Losses arise directly or indirectly out of: (i) the practice by Ocera of any license granted to it under Section 2.1; or (ii) the manufacture, use, handling, storage, sale or other disposition of any Licensed Product by Ocera or any of its Sublicensees; except, in each case, to the extent such Losses result from the negligence or willful misconduct of any UCL Indemnitee or the breach by UCL of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by UCL in this Agreement.
9.2    Insurance. Ocera shall effect and maintain at its own expense comprehensive general commercial liability insurance (including product liability coverage for the Licensed Products), in the sum of not less than US $1,000,000 per claim and US $5,000,000 in aggregate. Ocera shall at its own expense increase the value and scope of its insurance as necessary to provide coverage for its development and commercialization of the Licensed Products, consistent with industry standards. The insurance required under this Section 9.2 shall be effected and maintained to ensure that Ocera is covered at all times under such insurance during the Term relating to the Licensed Products. Annually, Ocera shall promptly provide to UCL a certificate of insurance reflecting that the insurance coverage required under this Article 9.2 is in effect. If Ocera fails to comply with its obligations under this Section 9.2 then UCL may obtain any such insurance and Ocera shall pay UCL the cost thereof on demand.
9.3    Control of Defense. Any entity entitled to indemnification under this Section 9 shall give notice to the indemnifying party of any Losses that may be subject to indemnification, promptly after learning of such Losses, and the indemnifying party shall assume the defense of such Losses with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such defense is assumed by the indemnifying party with counsel so selected, the indemnifying party will not be subject to any liability for any settlement of such Losses made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), and will not be obligated to pay the fees and expenses of any separate counsel retained by the indemnified party with respect to such Losses.
10.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
10.1    Dispute Resolution.
a.
In the event of any controversy or claim arising out of, relating to or in connection with any provision of this Agreement, the parties shall try to settle their differences amicably between themselves first, by referring the disputed matter to the Chief Executive Officer of Ocera and the Managing Director of UCL. Either party may initiate such informal dispute resolution by sending written notice of the dispute to the other party, and, within 15 days after such notice (or such longer period as may be agreed by the parties), such representatives of the parties shall meet for attempted resolution by good faith negotiations.
b.
If the representative of the parties have not been able to resolve the dispute within 15 days after such meeting or if the representatives of either party will not meet the other, then, any and all claims, disputes or controversies arising under, out of, or in connection with this Agreement, shall be referred to and resolved by final and binding compulsory arbitration in London, England (or other location agreed in writing by the parties) pursuant to and in accordance with the then-current rules of the London Court of International Arbitration.
c.
The arbitration shall be conducted by one arbitrator to be mutually agreed upon by the parties. Within 15 days after the reference of the dispute to binding arbitration, the parties shall select one person to act as the arbitrator; provided, however, that if the parties are unable to agree upon an arbitrator within 15 days after the reference of the dispute to binding arbitration, then the arbitrator shall be appointed in accordance with the rules of the London Court of International Arbitration.
d.
Either party may apply to the arbitrator for interim injunctive relief until the arbitrator has rendered his or her award or the controversy is otherwise resolved. Either party may also, without waiving any remedy under this Agreement, seek from any court having jurisdiction any injunctive or provisional relief necessary to protect the rights or property of that party pending the arbitrator’s decision.
e.
The arbitrator shall have no power to add to, subtract from or modify any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement, nor to award punitive damages. The arbitrator may award compound interest at commercial rates. The arbitrator may also award interim relief and grant specific performance.
f.
Any award rendered in such arbitration shall be in writing and state the reasons upon which it is based and shall be final and binding on the parties, who undertake to carry it out without recourse to any judicial proceedings in any jurisdiction whatsoever seeking annulment, setting aside, modification or any diminution or impairment of its terms or effect.
g.
Each party shall bear its own costs and expenses and attorneys’ fees and an equal share of the arbitrator’s fees and any administrative fees of arbitration, provided that the arbitrator shall be authorized to determine whether a party is the prevailing party, and if so, to award to that prevailing party reimbursement for its reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, in connection with arbitration of such controversy or claim.
h.
By agreeing to this binding arbitration provision, the parties understand that they are waiving certain rights and protections which may otherwise be available if a dispute between the parties were determined by litigation in court, including, without limitation, the right to seek or obtain certain types of damages precluded by this provision, the right to a jury trial and certain rights of appeal.
i.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 10.1, any dispute, controversy or claim that concerns (a) the validity or infringement of a patent, trademark or copyright, (b) any antitrust, anti-monopoly or competition law or regulation, whether or not statutory, shall not be subject to the arbitration provisions of this Section 10.1 and shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of England and Wales.
10.2    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of England and Wales, excluding its conflicts of laws principles.
10.3    Entire Agreement; Modification. This Agreement is both a final expression of the parties’ agreement and a complete and exclusive statement with respect to all of its terms. This Agreement supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and communications, whether oral, written or otherwise, concerning any and all matters contained herein, including the Nondisclosure Agreement and the Original Agreement, but excluding the Collaboration Agreement. Each party acknowledges that, in entering into this Agreement, it has not relied on, and shall have no right or remedy in respect of, any statement, representation, assurance or warranty (whether made negligently or innocently) other than as expressly set out in this Agreement. Each party waives all rights and remedies which, but for this Section 10.3, might otherwise be available to it in respect of such statement, representation, assurance or warranty. Nothing in this Section 10.3 shall limit or exclude any liability for fraud. This Agreement may only be modified or supplemented in a writing expressly stated for such purpose and signed by the parties to this Agreement.
10.4    Relationship Between the Parties. The parties’ relationship, as established by this Agreement, is solely that of independent contractors. This Agreement does not create any partnership, joint venture or similar business relationship between the parties. Neither party is a legal representative of the other party, and neither party can assume or create any obligation, representation, warranty or guarantee, express or implied, on behalf of the other party for any purpose whatsoever.
10.5    Non-Waiver. The failure of a party to insist upon strict performance of any provision of this Agreement or to exercise any right arising out of this Agreement shall neither impair that provision or right nor constitute a waiver of that provision or right, in whole or in part, in that instance or in any other instance. Any waiver by a party of a particular provision or right shall be in writing, shall be as to a particular matter and, if applicable, for a particular period of time and shall be signed by such party.
10.6    Assignment. Except as expressly provided hereunder, neither this Agreement nor any rights or obligations hereunder may be assigned or otherwise transferred by either party without the prior written consent of the other party (which consent shall not be unreasonably conditioned, delayed or withheld); provided, however, that Ocera may assign this Agreement and its rights and obligations hereunder without UCL’s consent in connection with the transfer or sale of all or substantially all of the business of Ocera relating to Licensed Products to a Third Party, whether by merger, sale of stock, sale of assets or otherwise.
The rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of the parties. Any assignment not in accordance with this Agreement shall be void.
10.7    No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is neither expressly nor impliedly made for the benefit of any party other than those executing it, and the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 shall not apply to this Agreement save that the University shall be entitled to enforce Section 9.2. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the consent of the University shall not be required in the event that the parties vary or terminate this agreement by mutual agreement.
10.8    Severability. If, for any reason, any part of this Agreement is adjudicated invalid, unenforceable or illegal by a court of competent jurisdiction, such adjudication shall not affect or impair, in whole or in part, the validity, enforceability or legality of any remaining portions of this Agreement. All remaining portions shall remain in full force and effect as if the original Agreement had been executed without the invalidated, unenforceable or illegal part.
10.9    Notices. Any notice to be given under this Agreement must be in writing and delivered either in person, by any method of mail (postage prepaid) requiring return receipt, or by overnight courier or facsimile confirmed thereafter by any of the foregoing, to the party to be notified at its address(es) given below, or at any address such party has previously designated by prior written notice to the other. Notice shall be deemed sufficiently given for all purposes upon the earliest of: (a) the date of actual receipt; (b) if mailed, five days after the date of postmark; or (c) if delivered by overnight courier, the next business day the overnight courier regularly makes deliveries.
If to Ocera, notices must be addressed to:
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
12651 High Bluff Drive, Suite 230
San Diego, CA 92130
United States of America
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
Telephone: (858) 436-3900
Facsimile: (858) 436-3999

If to UCL, notices must be addressed to:
UCL Business PLC
97 Tottenham Court Road
London, W1T 4TP
England
Attention: Managing Director
Telephone: + 44 (0) 20 7679 9000
Facsimile: + 44 (0) 20 7679 9838

10.10    Force Majeure. Each party shall be excused from liability for the failure or delay in performance of any obligation under this Agreement by reason of any event beyond such party’s reasonable control including but not limited to acts of God, fire, flood, explosion, earthquake, or other natural forces, war, civil unrest, accident, destruction or other casualty, any lack or failure of transportation facilities or any other event similar to those enumerated above. Such excuse from liability shall be effective only to the extent and duration of the event(s) causing the failure or delay in performance and provided that the party has not caused such event(s) to occur. Notice of a party’s failure or delay in performance due to force majeure must be given to the other party within 10 days after its occurrence. All delivery dates under this Agreement that have been affected by force majeure shall be tolled for the duration of such force majeure. In no event shall any party be required to prevent or settle any labor disturbance or dispute. Notwithstanding the foregoing, should the event(s) of force majeure suffered by a party extend beyond a three‑month period, the other party may then terminate this Agreement by written notice to the non-performing party, with the consequences of such termination as set forth in Sections 8.3, 8.4 and 8.5.
10.11    Interpretation.
(a)    Captions & Headings. The captions and headings of clauses contained in this Agreement preceding the text of the articles, sections, subsections and paragraphs hereof are inserted solely for convenience and ease of reference only and shall not constitute any part of this Agreement, or have any effect on its interpretation or construction.
(b)    Singular & Plural; Interpretation of Other Terms. All references in this Agreement to the singular shall include the plural where applicable, and all references to gender shall include both genders and the neuter. Use of the word “including” in this Agreement shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation” or like expression and shall not be construed to limit any general statement which it follows to the specific or similar items or matters immediately following it. Each accounting term used herein that is not specifically defined herein shall have the meaning given to it under GAAP consistently applied, but only to the extent consistent with its usage and the other definitions in this Agreement.
(c)    Articles, Sections & Subsections. Unless otherwise specified, references in this Agreement to any article shall include all sections, subsections, and paragraphs in such article; references in this Agreement to any section shall include all subsections and paragraphs in such sections; and references in this Agreement to any subsection shall include all paragraphs in such subsection.
(d)    Days. All references to days in this Agreement shall mean calendar days, unless otherwise specified.
(e)    Ambiguities. Ambiguities and uncertainties in this Agreement, if any, shall not be interpreted against either party, irrespective of which party may be deemed to have caused the ambiguity or uncertainty to exist.
(f)    English Language. This Agreement has been prepared in the English language and the English language shall control its interpretation. In addition, all notices required or permitted to be given hereunder, and all written, electronic, oral or other communications between the parties regarding this Agreement shall be in the English language.
(g)    Counterparts; Facsimile. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original document, and all of which, together with this writing, shall be deemed one instrument. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile and upon such delivery the facsimile signature will be deemed to have the same effect as if the original signature had been delivered to the other party.
[Remainder of this page intentionally left blank.]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this AMENDED AND RESTATED LICENSE AGREEMENT as of the date first written above.
UCL BUSINESS PLC                    OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC.
By:                            By:                        
Name:                            Name:                        
Title:                            Title:                        
By:                            
Name:                            
Title:                            
    

EXHIBIT A
UCL Patents
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EXHIBIT B
UCL Know-How
All the UCL Know how has been provided to Ocera as part of the due diligence documents sent in August 2008. These can be classified as follows:

a. Published information, relating to the background. [See Publications section of the due diligence package].

b. Grant Applications to study L-ornithine Phenylacetate. [See MRC Award for clinical trials section of the due diligence package].

c. Published information specifically relating to the technology: [See Publications section of the due diligence package; Academic Papers: PUB7; and folder: Abstracts and Presentations] [See POC Clinical Trials section of the due diligence package].

d. Unpublished information on the subject which has been submitted but awaiting resubmission. [See Animal Studies section of the due diligence package].

e. Data referring to technology that have been presented at meetings. [See Publications section of the due diligence package; Abstracts and Presentations].

f. Data with respect to the OP salt: [See Regarding New Salt section of the due diligence package].

g. On-going but still incomplete studies:
1.
Evaluation of OP vs. Placebo in a rat model of Cirrhosis. [Funding: Liver Failure Labs, UCLB]
a.
Submitted to Hepatology. Comments to extend the model to 10 days to show effect and neuropsychological tests
i.
Studies extended to 10 days, demonstration of synergy and persistent ammonia reduction [approx 50 rats]
ii.
Neuropsychological studies underway [12 rats]
iii.
TO DO: Amino acids and Phenylacetylglutamine
iv.
Resubmit paper by end Nov. 2008

2.
Evaluation of OP vs. Placebo in a devascularised pigs [Funding: Liver Failure Labs and Norwegian Medical research council]
a.
On going studies/to finish
i.
Interorgan Metabolism of ammonia and amino acids
ii.
Brain Histology
iii.
Brain Microdialysis
iv.
White matter vs. Grey matter
v.
Discovery: LCMS and NMR spectroscopy
3.
OP vs. Placebo in Cirrhotic Rats [PK/PD study] [Funding: UCLB]


a.
On-going: Aim to determine best dose and combination of administration [n=48]
b.
End Points: Ammonia, Amino acid; PAG; Brain Water
i.
Single Bolus
ii.
Bolus followed by Infusion for 6 hours
iii.
Bolus followed by infusion for 16 hours
iv.
Bolus followed by Infusion for 24 hours
v.
O:P: 1:1
vi.
O:P: 2:1
vii.
O:P: 1:2
viii.
Total dose: 0.1; 0.3 and 0.6 gm/Kg
c.
Effectiveness
i.
Neuropsychology

4.
Inflammation, Ammonia and the Brain
a.
Study in Cirrhotic rats treated with LPS. Randomised to OP, OP + Infliximab; OP alone or Infliximab alone
b.
N=24 rats
c.
It may be worth considering trialling AST 12O either by itself or together with OP in this model.
d.
Data needs analysis

EXHIBIT C
Consultation Rates

We provide a range of consultancy rates to reflect various UCL or University employees that may be required to provide Ocera with further assistance beyond that agreed in 2.6. All such additional work will have the prior written approval of Ocera so that UCL and Ocera can discuss the level of expertise and materials required by Ocera.

A per day (p. d.) rate is calculated as 7 hrs and includes overheads. Technician through to Research Associate £200 - £400 p. d., Junior to Senior Lecturer £600-800 p. d., Reader £1000 p.d, Professor £1,250 to £1,500 p.d.
Exhibit D
Royalty Statements

1.
In respect of each country where Licensed Products were supplied during a Calendar Quarter:-

1.1.
the Net Sales of each type of Licensed Product supplied expressed both in local currency and in U.S. Dollars together with conversion rates used;

1.2.
the royalty rate applicable to each type of Licensed Product supplied in that country;

1.3.
the calculation of the royalties payable in respect of each type of Licensed Product; and

1.4.
the total amount of royalties payable in respect of that country;

2.
For the world as a whole:-

2.1.
the total amount of royalties payable under Section 3.3;

2.2.
the amount of any deduction made pursuant to Sections 1.24, 3.3 and 3.4; and

2.3.
the amount of any withholding tax deducted pursuant to Section 4.4.

3.
In respect of any Licensed Products sold or disposed of between or among Ocera and its Affiliates for resale or supplied in any other circumstances other than an arm’s-length transaction exclusively for money, pursuant to Section 1.24:-

3.1.
the amount of each type of Licensed Product supplied; and

3.2.
the actual price at which the Licensed Products were supplied and the nature and value of any other consideration provided for the Licensed Products.


Exhibit E
Experts Procedure

1.
Any dispute arising out of or in connection with Section 1.24 of this Agreement and/or its performance shall be referred to an expert by either party serving on the other party notice (“Referral Notice”) that it wishes to refer the dispute to an expert
2.
The dispute shall be determined by a single independent impartial expert who shall be agreed between the parties or, in the absence of agreement between the parties within 30 days of the service of a Referral Notice, be appointed by the then President of the Institute of Chartered Accountants or any successor organisation thereto.
3.
30 days after the appointment of the expert pursuant to paragraph 2 both parties shall exchange simultaneously statements of case in no more than 10,000 words, in total, and each side shall simultaneously send a copy of its statement of case to the expert.
4.
Each party may, within 30 days of the date of exchange of statement of case pursuant to paragraph 3, serve a reply to the other side's statement of case in no more than 10,000 words. A copy of any such reply shall be simultaneously sent to the expert.
5.
Subject to paragraph 8, there shall be no oral hearing. The expert shall issue his decision in writing to both parties within 30 days of the date of service of the last reply pursuant to paragraph 4 above or, in the absence of receipt of any replies, within 60 days of the date of exchange pursuant to paragraph 3.
6.
The seat of the dispute resolution shall be the normal place of residence of the expert.
7.
The language of the dispute resolution shall be English.
8.
The expert shall not have power to alter, amend or add to the provisions of this Agreement, except that the expert shall have the power to decide all procedural matters relating to the dispute, and may call for a one day hearing if desirable and appropriate.
9.
The expert shall have the power to request copies of any documents in the possession and/or control of the parties which may be relevant to the dispute. The parties shall forthwith provide to the expert and the other party copies of any documents so requested by the expert.
10.
The expert shall decide the dispute as an expert and not as an arbitrator.
11.
The decision of the expert shall be final and binding upon both parties except in the case of manifest error. The parties hereby exclude any rights of application or appeal to any court, to the extent that they may validly so agree, and in particular in connection with any question of law arising in the course of the reference out of the award.

12.
The expert shall determine the proportions in which the parties shall pay the costs of the
expert's procedure. The expert shall have the authority to order that all or a part of the
legal or other costs of a party shall be paid by the other party.
13.
All documents and information disclosed in the course of the expert proceedings and the
decision and award of the expert shall be kept strictly confidential by the recipient and
shall not be used by the recipient for any purpose except for the purposes of the
proceedings and/or the enforcement of the expert’s decision and award.
14.
The parties shall not, and shall procure that their respective Affiliates and Sublicensees
shall not, make any announcement, or comment upon, or originate any publicity, or
otherwise provide any information to any Third Party (other than its legal advisors)
concerning the experts proceedings including the fact that the parties are in dispute, the
existence of the experts proceedings, and/or any decision or award of the expert.








AMENDED AND RESTATED LICENSE AGREEMENT
THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED LICENSE AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is entered into as of July 26, 2011 by and among UCL BUSINESS PLC, a public limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales with company registration number 02776963 and with its registered office at The Network Building, 97 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4TP (“UCL”), and OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with principal offices located at 12651 High Bluff Drive, Suite 230, San Diego, California 92130 (“Ocera”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, UCL is the owner of rights in the Compound and the UCL Technology (as defined below);
WHEREAS, Ocera is engaged in the development of pharmaceutical products;
WHEREAS, UCL and Ocera have entered into that certain License Agreement effective as

of December 22, 2008 (the “Effective Date”), as amended by that certain letter agreement

between UCL and Ocera, dated June 23, 2010 (the “Original Agreement”); and
WHEREAS, UCL and Ocera desire to amend and restate the Original Agreement to, among other things, amend certain milestone events, milestone payments and royalty rates, as set forth in this Agreement.
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:
1.
DEFINITIONS
1.1    “Affiliate” shall mean any company or entity controlled by, controlling, or under common control with a party hereto and shall include any company or entity 50% or more of the voting stock or participating profit interest of which is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by a party, and any company or other entity which owns or controls, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the voting stock of a party.
1.2    “Calendar Quarter” shall mean each respective period of three consecutive months ending on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31.
1.3    “Calendar Year” shall mean each respective period of 12 consecutive months beginning on January 1.
1.4    “Claim” shall mean a claim of any issued patent within the UCL Patents, which covers (a) the use of a Licensed Product in liver decomposition or hepatic encephalopathy, or (b) the composition of a Licensed Product.
1.5    “Claim Application” shall mean a claim within the UCL Patents, which covers (a) the use of a Licensed Product in the liver decomposition or hepatic encephalopathy, or (b) the composition of a Licensed Product.
1.6    Collaboration Agreement” shall mean the collaborative research agreement between the parties with the same date as the Original Agreement.
1.7    “Commercially Reasonable Efforts” shall mean those efforts consistent with the exercise of customary scientific and business practices as applied in the pharmaceutical industry in a particular jurisdiction for development and commercialization activities conducted with respect to other products of similar potential and market size in such jurisdiction.
1.8    “Completion” shall mean, with respect to any preclinical or clinical trial, (a) the completion of such preclinical or clinical trial, and (b) receipt by UCL of written confirmation by Ocera that such preclinical or clinical trial successfully met the endpoints or other objectives of such trial, provided that “Completion” shall be deemed to have occurred irrespective of whether UCL has received such written confirmation, once Ocera has received confirmation from the relevant Regulatory Authority that Ocera can commence the next phase in the development of a Licensed Product. For purposes of clarification, such next phase shall in the case of Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial be a Phase IIb Trial, shall in the case of Phase IIb Trial be a Phase III Trial and shall in the case of a Phase III Trial be an application for Regulatory Approval. “Complete” and “Completed” shall have correlative meanings.
1.9    “Compound” shall mean the combination of the compounds known as L‑Ornithine and Phenylacetate (and all analogs, salts, polymorphs, prodrugs, isomers and formulations of the foregoing, including any derivatives which are covered by the UCL Technology).
1.10    “Confidential Information” shall have the meaning provided in Section 7.1.
1.11    “Control” shall mean, with respect to any Information, Patents or other intellectual property rights, possession by a party of the right, power and authority (whether by ownership, license or otherwise) to grant access to, to grant use of, or to grant a license or a sublicense to such Information, Patents or intellectual property rights without violating the terms of any agreement or other arrangement with any Third Party.
1.12    “Development Plan” shall mean a summary of the pre-clinical, clinical and pharmaceutical development plan, which sets out the activities and timetable for the development of the Compound and Licensed Product, as updated by Ocera and/or its Sublicensees from time to time and provided to UCL.
1.13    “Dosage Form” shall mean the physical form of a dose of a Licensed Product, such as a capsule, tablet or intravenous administration.
1.14    “External Funding” shall mean any funding or assistance provided by any Third Party, including without limitation, any state or public body.
1.15    “Field” shall mean any and all uses.
1.16    “First Commercial Sale” shall mean, with respect to a Licensed Product, the first sale for end use or consumption of such Licensed Product in a country after the Regulatory Authority in such country has granted Regulatory Approval.
1.17    “GAAP” shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or internationally, as appropriate, consistently applied and shall mean the international financial reporting standards (“IFRS”) at such time as IFRS becomes the generally accepted accounting standard and applicable laws require that a party use IFRS.
1.18    “Generic Competition” shall mean, with respect to a given country in the Territory, the introduction by one or more Third Parties into such country, including by means of parallel imports, of one or more generic product(s). A generic must contain the same active ingredient as the reference drug and compete with the applicable Licensed Product.
1.19    “Indication” shall mean a disease, disorder, symptom or other particular circumstance that indicates the advisability or necessity of a specific medical treatment or procedure.
1.20    “Information” shall mean all tangible and intangible (a) technology, trade secrets, inventions (whether patentable or not), methods, know-how, clinical and test data and results (including pharmacological, toxicological and clinical test data and results), analytical and quality control data, results or descriptions, software and algorithms and (b) compositions of matter, cells, cell lines, assays, animal models and physical, biological or chemical material.
1.21    “Licensed Product” shall mean a product that contains or comprises the Compound, including all analogs, formulations, line extensions and modes of administration thereof.
1.22    “Losses” shall have the meaning provided in Section 9.1.
1.23    “Major Country” shall mean France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, Japan or the United States of America.
1.24    “NDA” shall mean a new drug application (as more fully defined in 21 C.F.R. 314.5 et seq.) or equivalent application, and all amendments and supplements thereto. filed with the applicable Regulatory Authority in a country or jurisdiction in the Territory (including any supra-national agency such as in the European Union), including all documents, data, and other information concerning a pharmaceutical product which are necessary for gaining Regulatory Approval to market and sell a pharmaceutical product.
1.25    “Net Sales” shall mean the total gross amount invoiced for sales or other dispositions of Licensed Products by or on behalf of Ocera and/or its Sublicensee(s) to Third Party customers, after deducting, in accordance with GAAP, any (a) credits, allowances,
 

samples, discounts and rebates to, and chargebacks from the account of, such Third Party customers; (b) freight, postage, shipping and insurance costs; (c) trade discounts, cash discounts, quantity discounts and rebates, including charge back payments, and rebates granted to managed care organizations, including, but not limited to, wholesalers and chain and pharmacy buying groups; (d) retroactive price reductions; (e) amounts payable resulting from governmental, regulatory or agency mandated rebate programs, (f) amounts repaid or credited for uncollectible amounts on previously sold products; (g) sales, value-added and other direct taxes incurred directly in connection with the sale of Licensed Products; and (h) customs duties, custom broker charges and other surcharges and governmental charges incurred in connection with the exportation or importation of Licensed Products, to the extent the same are actually charged and separately itemised on the relevant invoice. In the case of any sale or other disposal of a Licensed Product between or among Ocera and its Affiliates or Sublicensees, for resale, Net Sales shall be calculated as above only on the value charged or invoiced on the first arm’s-length sale thereafter to a Third Party. In the case of any sale or other disposal for value, such as barter or counter-trade, of any Licensed Product other than in an arm’s-length transaction exclusively for money, Net Sales shall be calculated as above on the value of the non-cash consideration received or, if higher, the average sales price of such Licensed Product (for like quantity) during the applicable reporting period in the country of sale or disposal; provided, however, that any dispute as to the determination of Net Sales in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence that cannot be resolved by agreement of the parties shall be referred to an expert for resolution in accordance with the provisions of Exhibit E.
Any disposal of Licensed Products for, or use of Licensed Products in, clinical or pre-clinical trials, given as free samples or given free to government or charitable organisations solely for distribution as part of indigent programs shall not be included in Net Sales.
In the case of any product that is a Licensed Product sold in combination with any other active ingredient(s), compound(s) or component(s) (for example, a delivery device) that is not part of the Licensed Product or is priced separately, whether packaged together or in the same therapeutic formulation (a “Combination Product”), Net Sales for such Combination Product shall be calculated by multiplying actual Net Sales of such Combination Product by the fraction A/(A+B) where A is the invoice price of the Licensed Product, if sold separately, and B is the total invoice price of the other active ingredient(s) or compound(s) in the Combination Product, if sold separately. If, on a country‑by‑country basis, the other active ingredient(s) or compound(s) in the Combination Product is not sold separately in said country, Net Sales for the purpose of determining royalties of the Combination Product shall be calculated by multiplying actual Net Sales of such Combination Product by the fraction A/D, where A is the invoice price of the Licensed Product, if sold separately, and D is the invoice price of the Combination Product. If neither the Licensed Product nor the other active ingredient(s) or compound(s) in the Combination Product is sold separately in a given country, the parties shall determine Net Sales for such Combination Product by mutual agreement based on the relative contribution of the Licensed Product and the other active ingredient(s) or compound(s) in the Combination Product; provided, however, that any dispute as to the determination of Net Sales in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence that cannot be resolved by agreement of the parties shall be referred to an expert for resolution in accordance with the provisions of Exhibit E.
1.26    “Non-Commercial Research” shall mean use of UCL Patents and/or UCL Know-How for academic research or other non-for-profit purposes that do not use the UCL Patents or the UCL Know-How in the research, development, production or manufacture of products for commercial purposes.
1.27    “Nondisclosure Agreement” shall mean the nondisclosure agreement between the parties, dated May 15, 2008.
1.28    “Patents” shall mean (a) patents, re-examinations, reissues, renewals, confirmations, extensions (including supplemental protection certificates) and term restorations, and (b) pending applications for patents, including, without limitation, provisional applications, continuations, continuations-in-part, divisional and substitute applications, including, without limitation, inventors’ certificates.
1.29    “Phase IIb Trial” shall mean a study of a Licensed Product in human patients to determine initial efficacy before commencing a Phase III Trial, which study is determined by Ocera or its Sublicensee to be a Phase IIb Trial.
1.30    “Phase III Trial” shall mean a confirmatory pivotal study in human patients with a defined dose or a set of defined doses of a Licensed Product designed to ascertain efficacy and safety of such Licensed Product for the purpose of submitting an application for Regulatory Approval to the competent Regulatory Authority in a country or jurisdiction in the Territory.
1.31    “Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial” shall mean (a) a study of a Licensed Product in human patients to obtain a preliminary indication of the doses that result in suitable efficacy, safety and tolerance for acute liver failure, and (b) a study of a Licensed Product in human patients to obtain a preliminary indication of the doses that result in suitable efficacy, safety and tolerance for hepatic encephalopathy.
1.32    “Regulatory Approval” shall mean any and all approvals (including price and reimbursement approvals, if required), licenses, registrations, or authorizations of any country, federal, supranational, state or local regulatory agency, department, bureau or other government entity that are necessary for the manufacture, use, storage, import, transport and/or sale of a Licensed Product in such jurisdiction.
1.33    “Regulatory Authority” shall mean the governmental authority or agency having the administrative authority to regulate the marketing of human pharmaceutical products or biological therapeutic products, delivery systems and devices in the applicable country or jurisdiction in the Territory, including the United States Food and Drug Administration, or any successor agency thereto, in the United States of America.
1.34    “Royalty Term” shall mean, in the case of any Licensed Product, in any country in the Territory, the period of time commencing on the First Commercial Sale in such country and ending upon the later of (a) the expiration in such country of the last-to-expire Valid Claim within the UCL Patents covering (i) the composition or use of the Compound or (ii) the
 
1.35    
composition or use of the Licensed Product or (b) ten (10) years after the date of First Commercial Sale in such country, subject to Section 3.3.
1.36    “Sublicence Agreement” means any agreement between Ocera and a Sublicensee.
1.37    “Sublicensee” shall mean a Third Party or an Affiliate of Ocera to whom Ocera has granted a sublicense of any of the rights with respect to Licensed Products licenses to Ocera under Section 2.1, beyond the mere right to purchase Licensed Product.
1.38    “Term” shall have the meaning provided in Section 8.1.
1.39    “Territory” shall mean the world.
1.40    “Third Party” shall mean any entity other than UCL or Ocera or an Affiliate of UCL or Ocera.
1.41    “Third Party License” shall have the meaning provided in Section 3.4.
1.42    “UCL Indemnitee” shall have the meaning provided in Section 9.1.
1.43    “UCL Know-How” shall mean Information that UCL or any of its Affiliates Controls (i) on the Effective Date that has been developed by Professor Rajiv Jalan and the members of his research team working at the University and which relates directly to the Compound in the Field in the Territory, including all Information listed in Exhibit B, and (ii) after the Effective Date that arises from the Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial or the Collaboration Agreement, and (iii) in respect of which Ocera exercises its option under Section 2.7.
1.44    “UCL Patents” shall mean the Patents listed in Exhibit A to this Agreement and any Patents that claim priority solely from the Patents listed in Exhibit A and/or any of their priority filings and any other Patents owned by UCL that relate to the Compound and are based on UCL Know-How.
1.45    “UCL Technology” shall mean the UCL Patents and UCL Know-How.
1.46    “University” shall mean University College London, a charity incorporated by Royal Charter and having its address at Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT.
1.47    “Valid Claim” shall mean a claim of any issued, unexpired patent within the UCL Patents that has not been revoked or held unenforceable or invalid by a decision of a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be taken, or with respect to which an appeal is not taken within the time allowed for appeal, and that has not been disclaimed or admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through formal patent prosecution and/or maintenance proceedings including through reissue or disclaimer.
2.
GRANT OF RIGHTS
2.1    Licenses Granted to Ocera. UCL hereby grants to Ocera, during the Term, an exclusive license under the UCL Technology to research, develop, make, have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import and export the Compound and Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory subject to and in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing, under the licenses granted under this Section 2.1, UCL hereby grants to Ocera, during the Term, the exclusive right to access, use and reference all data and know‑how within the UCL Technology in the Territory in order to research, develop, make, have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import and export the Compound and Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory.
2.2    Commercially Reasonable Efforts. Ocera, agrees that it and, as applicable, its Sublicensees, shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to follow the Development Plan and to pursue development and commercialization of Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory which shall include Commercially Reasonable Efforts to:
(a)    develop a commercially viable Licensed Product in the Field;
(b)    file an Investigational New Drug application for a Licensed Product on or before December 31, 2010;
(c)    initiate human clinical trials of a Licensed Product funded by Ocera on or before December 31, 2011;
(d)    initiate a first Dosage Form (IV), first Indication proof-of-concept Phase IIb Trial by the end of the first Calendar Quarter 2014;
(e)    initiate a second Dosage Form (oral), first Indication study in humans by the end of the third Calendar Quarter 2014; and
(f)    market and promote at least one Licensed Product in each Major Country where Regulatory Approval has been granted for that Licensed Product.
Every six (6) months from the Effective Date, Ocera will provide UCL with a brief report on the status of such development and commercialization activities and on Ocera’s progress with the Development Plan. As part of this report Ocera shall inform UCL of the status of the IV Acute Liver Failure study progress (second indication), and share its plans with UCL for the potential development of this Indication. If a report referred to in this paragraph demonstrates that Ocera and/or its Sublicensees have not undertaken any development and/or commercialization activities in respect of Licensed Products within the 6 month period covered by the report or else have undertaken only development or commercialization activities which are immaterial or trivial in nature, Ocera shall within 30 days of a request from UCL meet with UCL to discuss the report and shall provide UCL with evidence of Ocera’s ongoing commitment to the development and commercialization of Licensed Products.

Upon written notice to UCL, Ocera may extend the dates for performance of the above diligence obligations for a reasonable period of time if necessary to meet the requirements or requests of any applicable Regulatory Authority or other reasonable considerations, including, but not limited to, safety and manufacturing considerations.
2.3    No Implied Licenses. No right or license under any Patents or Information of either party is granted or shall be granted by implication. All such rights or licenses are or shall be granted only as expressly provided in this Agreement.
2.4    Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trials. The Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial was conducted and managed by UCL pursuant to study designs prepared by Professor Rajiv Jalan. UCL did consult with Ocera and take account of any reasonable views expressed by Ocera, provided such views were expressed by Ocera within any reasonable timeframe notified to Ocera by UCL, on all substantial matters related to such study designs, but Ocera was not involved in the conduct or management of the Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial, although Ocera did provide support.. UCL was solely responsible for all costs and expenses of such Proof-of-Concept Phase II Trial, and funding for such trial was provided through a grant by the Medical Research Council to UCL. For the avoidance of doubt UCL and UCLB are not responsible for any further costs incurred by Ocera in carrying out the Development Plan.
2.5    Supply of Compound. Promptly after the Effective Date, UCL shall make available to Ocera at no cost all quantities of Compound, including, without limitation, any raw materials and intermediates, UCL currently has on-hand for use solely in non-clinical studies. UCL shall have no other obligations under this Agreement to supply Compound or Licensed Product to Ocera for any purposes, including, without limitation, clinical purposes and commercial purposes, unless otherwise mutually agreed in writing by the parties. Any quantities of Compound supplied by either party for use solely in non-clinical studies are supplied on ‘as is’ basis and without any warranty or representation as to its quality or fitness for any purpose.
2.6    Technology Transfer. Within 90 days of the Effective Date UCL shall, at its own expense, transfer to Ocera all UCL Technology as is reasonably necessary in order to allow Ocera to exercise fully the licences granted to Ocera under Section 2.1, to the extent that UCL is legally entitled to disclose such UCL Technology to Ocera. UCL shall at the request of Ocera provide Ocera, free of charge, with up to 90 days of assistance regarding all such UCL Technology transferred under this Section 2.6 within the 6 month period after the Effective Date. If Ocera requires any further assistance from UCL in addition to that provided under this Section 2.6, UCL shall use its reasonable endeavors to provide such assistance but accepts no further obligation in this respect and any such further assistance provided by UCL shall be charged to Ocera based on the time spent by each of UCL’s or the University’s officers, employees, consultants, agents, representatives, contractors and advisors engaged in providing the further assistance at the rates set out in Exhibit C plus all out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred by such individuals, such payment shall be payable by Ocera to UCL monthly in arrears.
2.7    Non-Commercial Research. Notwithstanding the grant of the exclusive licence under Section 2.1, UCL shall retain the right to use, and allow both (i) the University and (ii) non-profit entities acting in collaboration with UCL and/or the University, to use the UCL Technology solely for Non-Commercial Research. Ocera shall have an option to take a licence to any Information that relates to the Compound and that arises from any such Non-Commercial Research in which Professor Rajiv Jalan and the members of his research team working at the University are involved during the Term. Such option shall be exercisable by Ocera giving written notice to UCL within 30 days of UCL providing details of such Information to Ocera. Upon Ocera’s exercise of such option, the relevant Information shall be deemed to be included within the meaning of “UCL Know-How” and shall be subject to the provisions of this Agreement. Ocera’s licence shall be subject to the terms of any External Funding for the Non-Commercial Research from which the relevant Information arises. UCL shall share with Ocera the terms attached to any External Funding if such terms could adversely affect the rights or obligations of Ocera and in these circumstances the terms and conditions related to such External Funding will be subject to the prior written approval of Ocera, which may not unreasonably withheld or delayed. In any disclosure contemplated by this Section 2.7, UCL shall take all reasonable steps to preserve the rights of Ocera as granted by the terms of this Agreement.
2.8    Sublicensing and Subcontracting.    Ocera may sublicense and/or subcontract its rights under this Agreement provided that it enters into a written agreement with each Sublicensee and shall ensure that:
(e)    the provisions of the Sublicence Agreement are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement (in particular, Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.8, 3.4, 4.1, 5, 6.1, 7, 8, 9.1, 9.2 and 10.6) and do not place any obligations on UCL more onerous than those set forth herein;
(f)    the Sublicence Agreement imposes obligations of confidentiality on the Sublicensee which are no less onerous than those set out in Section 7;
(g)    the Sublicence Agreement shall be terminated if the Sublicensee challenges, opposes or otherwise disputes (or assists any Third Party to challenge, oppose or otherwise dispute) the ownership, validity and/or scope of any of the UCL Technology in any court, patent office or arbitration proceedings; and
(h)    each Sublicence Agreement names UCL as a beneficiary of the Sublicence Agreement so that UCL has a direct right of action against the Sublicensee in the event that the Sublicensee is in breach of the Sublicence Agreement, but only if and to the extent that Ocera fails to timely enforce such rights on its own behalf.
Ocera shall procure that each Sublicensee complies fully at all times with the provisions of its Sublicence Agreement and Ocera shall be liable for all acts and omissions of each of its Sublicensees that, if committed by Ocera, would constitute a breach of any of the provisions of this Agreement. Ocera shall provide UCL with a true and complete copy of any Sublicence Agreement promptly following its execution; provided, however, that prior to providing such Sublicence Agreement to UCL, Ocera may first redact any Confidential Information that is not necessary to disclose to UCL in order to ensure compliance with this Agreement.

3.
FEES AND PAYMENTS
3.1    Upfront Fee. Ocera paid to UCL a non-refundable upfront fee of US$1,000,000 within 45 days after the Effective Date.
3.2    Milestone Payments. Within 45 days following the first occurrence of each of the events set forth below with respect to a Licensed Product, Ocera shall pay to UCL the milestone payment set forth below (whether such milestone is achieved by Ocera or any of its Sublicensees):
Milestone Events for First Dosage Form (e.g., IV), First Indication (e.g., acute hepatic encephalopathy (HE)) of a Licensed Product

Milestone Payment
Completion of Phase III Trial in first Major Country
[*]
Regulatory Approval in first Major Country
[*]
First Commercial Sale in first Major Country
[*]
Milestone Events for First Dosage Form (e.g., IV), Second Indication (e.g., liver cirrhosis) of a Licensed Product
Milestone Payment
Completion of Phase III Trial in first Major Country
[*]
Regulatory Approval in first Major Country
[*]
First Commercial Sale in first Major Country
[*]
Milestone Events for Second Dosage Form (e.g., oral), First Indication (e.g., minimal HE) of a Licensed Product
Milestone Payment
Completion of Phase III Trial in first Major Country
[*]
Regulatory Approval in first Major Country
[*]
First Commercial Sale in first Major Country
[*]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Sales Milestones
Milestone Payment
First Calendar Year in which total annual Net Sales of all Licensed Products equal or exceed [*]


[*]
First Calendar Year in which total annual Net Sales of all Licensed Products equal or exceed [*]

[*]
First Calendar Year in which total annual Net Sales of all Licensed Products equal or exceed [*]

[*]
First Calendar Year in which total annual Net Sales of all Licensed Products equal or exceed [*]

[*]
First Calendar Year in which total annual Net Sales of all Licensed Products equal or exceed [*]

[*]
Each of the milestone payments described in this Section 3.2 shall be payable only one time for the first occurrence of the applicable milestone event. For purposes of clarification, all references made to “first Major Country” shall mean the first Major Country in which the particular milestone event is achieved, which may or may not be the same Major Country as that in which an earlier milestone event was achieved for the same Dosage Form and/or Indication of a Licensed Product. The terms ‘first Dosage Form’, ‘second Dosage Form’, ‘first Indication’ and ‘second Indication’ shall apply separately in respect of and according to the order in which the combinations of Dosage Form and Indication meet each milestone event. Should, for example, the first Indication or Dosage Form be abandoned for any reason in the first Major Country and a new Indication or Dosage Form is developed, then that new Indication or Dosage Form shall replace the first Indication or Dosage Form for purposes of the milestone events in this Section 3.2, with milestone payments beginning with the first milestone event to occur following the last milestone event for which a milestone payment has already been made.
In relation to all clinical trials to which the milestone payments described in this Section 3.2 relate, Ocera shall notify UCL of the endpoints or other objectives of the trial and shall promptly notify UCL in writing of the conclusion or completion of the trial together with an evaluation against the original endpoints or other objectives for the purpose of determining “Completion”.
The parties agree that in the event that, following the Effective Date, all Claim Applications have been finally rejected by a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be taken, or with respect to which an appeal is not taken by either party within the time allowed for appeal in all of the Major Countries, the parties shall, upon written request by Ocera to UCL, negotiate in good faith appropriate modifications to this Section 3.2 to change any outstanding milestone events and reduce the amounts of any milestone payments not yet paid or due to UCL. For the avoidance doubt, UCL shall not be required to repay any sums paid by or due from Ocera in respect of milestone events that have already occurred prior to the discussions referred to in this paragraph.
3.3    Royalties.
(a)    Royalty Rates. During the Royalty Term, Ocera shall pay to UCL royalties on Net Sales of Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory at the following rates, subject to Section 3.3(b), (c) or (d), as applicable, and Section 3.4:
(i)    [*] of that portion of total annual Net Sales of Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory that is less than or equal to [*];
(ii)    [*] of that portion of total annual Net Sales of Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory that is greater than [*] and less than or equal to [*]; and
(iii)    [*] of that portion of total annual Net Sales of Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory that is greater than [*].
(b)    Reduction in Royalty Rates Where There Is No Valid Composition or Use Claim. In any period during the Royalty Term in which there is no Valid Claim within the UCL Patents covering the composition or use of the Compound or Licensed Product in any country in the Territory, then:
(i)    the royalties due to UCL with respect to such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above if there is no Generic Competition in such country; and
(ii)    the royalties due to UCL with respect to such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to zero if there is Generic Competition in such country.
(c)    Reduction in Royalty Rates Where There Is A Valid Composition or Use Claim in a Major Country. In any period during the Royalty Term in which there is a Valid Claim within the UCL Patents covering the composition or use of the Compound or Licensed Product in any Major Country in the Territory and there is Generic Competition in such Major Country, then, subject to Section 3.3(e):
(i)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country, as reported in sales by Intercontinental Medical Statistics (“IMS”), declines by at least 15% but less than 30% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above;
(ii)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country, as reported in sales by IMS, declines by at least 30% but less than 45% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such Major Country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above; and
(iii)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country, as reported in sales by IMS, declines by more than 45% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such Major Country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such Major Country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above.
(d)    Reduction in Royalty Rates Where There Is A Valid Composition or Use Claim in a Country Other Than a Major Country. In any period during the Royalty Term in which there is a Valid Claim within the UCL Patents covering the composition or use of the Compound or Licensed Product in any country in the Territory other than a Major Country and there is Generic Competition in such country, then, subject to Section 3.3(e):
(i)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such country, as reported in sales by IMS, declines by at least 15% but less than 30% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above;
(ii)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such country, as reported in sales by IMS, declines by at least 30% but less than 45% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above;
(iii)    if the market share of such Licensed Product in such country, as reported in sales by IMS, declines by more than 45% compared to the market share of such Licensed Product in such country prior to Generic Competition, then the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to [*] of the royalty rates set forth in Section 3.3(a) above; and
(iv)    notwithstanding the foregoing, if Ocera can demonstrate that sales of such Licensed Product in such country has rendered such Licensed Product unprofitable, then the royalties due to UCL with respect to such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to zero.
(e)    Reduction in Royalty Rates Where There Is A Valid Composition or Use Claim and Ocera Brings an Infringement Action. In any period during the Royalty Term in which there is a Valid Claim within the UCL Patents covering the composition or use of the Compound or Licensed Product in any country in the Territory and there is Generic Competition in such country, and Ocera (or its Sublicensee) initiates an action or proceedings to cease and/or prevent such Generic Competition from commencing and/or continuing in such country as contemplated by Section 5.3, then notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the royalties due to UCL for sales of such Licensed Product in such country pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be reduced to zero. If such action results in termination of the Generic Competition in such country, then any recovery obtained as a result of such action shall be applied in the manner described in Section 5.3, and Ocera shall pay royalties at the then-applicable royalty rate in accordance with this Section 3.3 on any Net Sales of such Licensed Product in such country during the period in which there was Generic Competition where Ocera did not pay previously pay royalties on such Net Sales by virtue of this Section 3.3(e), plus
interest on such royalties from the date that such royalties would otherwise have been due at the at a rate equivalent to 2% above the Barclays Bank plc base lending rate then in force in London.
3.4    Royalty Credit. On a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product basis, in the event that Ocera or any of its Sublicensees, as applicable, obtains a license to any intellectual property rights of a Third Party (a “Third Party License”) in order to avoid infringing such Third Party’s patent(s) in the course of the manufacture, use or sale of Licensed Products, Ocera shall have the right to credit [*] of any payment made to such Third Party under such Third Party License against up to [*] of any royalty otherwise due to UCL hereunder; provided, however, that in no event shall the royalties due to UCL for any Licensed Product in any Calendar Quarter be reduced to less than [*] of the royalties then due and payable to UCL.
3.5    Partnering Opportunities Introduced by UCL. In the event that Ocera enters into a written agreement regarding a Licensed Product with China Medical Systems Holdings, Ltd. and/or any other Third Party which was introduced to Ocera in writing by UCL and/or any Affiliate of UCL on or before the Effective Date, Ocera will pay to UCL, in addition to the milestone payments made by Ocera pursuant to Section 3.2, a percentage of all milestone payments received by Ocera from such Third Parties under such agreements within 45 days of the receipt of such funds at the following rates:
(a)(i)    [*] of any milestone payments received by Ocera from such Third Party for the achievement by such Third Party of any milestone events outlined in Section 3.2 of this Agreement up to, but not including, the milestone event regarding Completion of successful Phase III Trial in the first Major Country for the first Dosage Form, first Indication of Licensed Product; and
(a)(ii)    [*] of any milestone payments received by Ocera from such Third Party for the achievement by such Third Party of any of the remaining milestone event outlined in Section 3.2 of this Agreement, beginning with Completion of successful Phase III Trial in the first Major Country for the first Dosage Form, first Indication of Licensed Product; or
(b)    where the milestone events in Ocera’s written agreement with such Third Party are structured differently to those outlined in Section 3.2 of this Agreement, [*] of any milestone payment received by Ocera from such Third Party relating to the first Dosage Form, first Indication of Licensed Product.
For purposes of clarification, Ocera shall not be obligated to make any payments to UCL under this Section 3.5 unless such Third Party is required under Ocera’s agreement with such Third Party to make such milestone payments to Ocera.
4.
PAYMENT; RECORDS; AUDITS
4.1    Payment; Reports. All payments due to UCL under this Agreement shall be paid within 45 days of the end of each Calendar Quarter, unless otherwise specifically provided herein. Each payment shall be accompanied by a report of Net Sales of Licensed Products by Ocera and its Sublicensees in sufficient detail to permit confirmation of the accuracy of the payment made, including, without limitation the information set out in Exhibit D. Ocera shall keep, and shall cause its Sublicensees to keep, complete and accurate records pertaining to the sale or other disposition of Licensed Products in sufficient detail to permit UCL to confirm the accuracy of all payments due hereunder.
4.2    Exchange Rate; Manner and Place of Payment. All payments hereunder shall be payable in U.S. dollars. When conversion of payments from any foreign currency is required, such conversion shall be at an exchange rate equal to the weighted average of the rates of exchange for the currency of the country where such Net Sales occurred as published by OANDA.com, or such other published currency rate as mutually agreed upon in writing by the parties, during the Calendar Quarter for which a payment is due. All payments owed under this Agreement shall be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to a bank and account designated in writing by UCL, unless otherwise specified in writing by UCL.
4.3    VAT and Sales Tax. The parties acknowledge that no value added tax, sales tax or similar taxes are payable in respect of any payments made by Ocera to UCL under this Agreement. In the event any such taxes become payable due to a change in the law, the parties shall promptly meet to discuss the change and shall cooperate in good-faith to determine how best to divide and structure payment between the parties so as to minimize the overall tax burden on each party, but in any event Ocera agrees that it shall not be entitled to derive a benefit from any such change in the law and shall pay any such taxes due and owing by Ocera to the extent they are recoverable by Ocera.
4.4    Income Tax Withholding. If any taxes are required by law to be withheld by Ocera, Ocera will (a) deduct such taxes from the payment made to UCL, (b) timely pay the taxes to the proper taxing authority, and (c) send proof of payment to UCL and certify its receipt by the taxing authority within the period for payment permitted by the relevant law. For the avoidance of doubt, any amount withheld by Ocera from any amount payable to UCL under this Agreement for or on account of taxes shall be deemed paid to UCL for purposes of this Agreement. The parties shall cooperate to ensure that all sums payable under this Agreement can be lawfully paid without deduction or withholding of tax, where this is possible under the laws of the relevant jurisdiction, and in particular, UCL will (i) upon execution of this Agreement, (ii) promptly upon reasonable demand by Ocera, and (iii) promptly upon learning that any form previously provided by it has become obsolete or incorrect, deliver to Ocera, or to such government or taxing authority as Ocera reasonably directs, any form or document that may be required or reasonably requested in order to allow Ocera to make any payment under this Agreement without any deduction or withholding for or on account of any tax or with such deduction or withholding at a reduced rate (including IRS Form W-8BEN), with any such form or document to be accurate and completed in a manner reasonably satisfactory to Ocera and to be executed and to be delivered with any reasonably required certification. UCL hereby represents that it is a “foreign person” (including within the meanings used in Treasury Regulation § 1.6041-4(a)(4) and in Treasury Regulations §§ 1.1441-1 to —9) for all U.S. federal income tax purposes.
4.5    Audits. During the Term and for a period of three years thereafter, Ocera shall keep (and shall cause its Sublicensees to keep) complete and accurate records pertaining to the
 
4.6    
sale or other disposition of Licensed Products in sufficient detail to permit UCL to confirm the accuracy of all royalty payments due hereunder. UCL shall have the right to cause an independent, certified public accountant reasonably acceptable to Ocera to audit such records (including the records of Ocera’s Sublicensees) to confirm Net Sales and royalty payments for a period covering not more than the three years preceding the date the applicable payment was made. Such audits may be exercised during normal business hours upon a minimum of 60 days prior written notice to Ocera, but no more than frequently than once per year. Prompt adjustments shall be made by the parties to reflect the results of such audit. UCL shall bear the full cost of such audit unless such audit discloses an underpayment by Ocera of more than 5% of the amount of royalty payments due under this Agreement, in which case, Ocera shall bear the full cost of such audit and shall promptly remit to UCL the amount of any underpayment.
5.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
5.1    Patent Prosecution and Maintenance. Ocera shall have first right, but not the obligation, to file, prosecute and maintain all patent applications and patents included in the UCL Patents. UCL and its Affiliates and employees of UCL or its Affiliate shall testify in any legal proceeding, sign all lawful papers, execute all divisional, continuing and reissue applications, make all rightful oaths and generally do everything possible to aid Ocera to file, prosecute and maintain all such patent applications and patents in all countries. Ocera shall be responsible for all costs, fees and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred from and after the Effective Date in connection with the filing and prosecution of such patent applications and the maintenance of such patents. Ocera shall consult with and take account of any reasonable views expressed by UCL, provided such views are expressed by UCL within any reasonable timeframe notified to UCL by Ocera, on all substantial matters concerning prosecution strategy and shall keep UCL informed of progress with regard to the filing, prosecution and maintenance of the UCL Patents by providing UCL with copies of official actions, amendments and responses with respect to such prosecution. Ocera agrees to notify UCL in writing in a timely manner if it does not desire to support the continued prosecution or appeals or maintenance of any patent applications or patents included in the UCL Patents. In the event Ocera declines to pursue the filing, prosecution or maintenance of any patent applications or patents included in the UCL Patents, UCL may, at its own expense, continue to prosecute or maintain such patent application or patent; provided that UCL will first discuss with Ocera and consider in good faith any reasons for not continuing to prosecute or maintain such patent application or patent. In the event UCL elects to continue such prosecution or maintenance of such patent application or patent in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence, the licence granted to Ocera in respect of such patent application or patent under Section 2.1 shall immediately terminate and the relevant patent application or patent shall cease to be a UCL Patent for the purposes of this Agreement.
5.2    Patent Term Extension and Restoration. The parties shall cooperate in obtaining any patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection certificates or their equivalents in any country where applicable to UCL Patents. Ocera shall have first right, but not the obligation, to elect to seek such patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection, and UCL shall abide by such election and shall take reasonable steps to assist Ocera in obtaining any such patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection, including by providing
 
5.3    
Ocera with copies of any Information Controlled by UCL which is reasonably necessary or useful in connection therewith; provided that Ocera will first discuss with UCL and consider in good faith any reasons for not seeking such patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection. In the event and to the extent Ocera declines to exercise its right in respect of any patent, whether any patent within the UCL Patents or any other patent relating to a Licensed Product, UCL shall have the right, at its own expense, to make the election to seek the relevant patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection, and Ocera shall abide by such election and shall take reasonable steps to assist UCL in obtaining any such patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection, including by providing UCL with copies of any Information Controlled by Ocera which is reasonably necessary or useful in connection therewith; provided that UCL will first discuss with Ocera and consider in good faith any reasons for not seeking such patent term extension, restoration or supplemental protection.
5.4    Infringement by Third Parties. UCL and Ocera shall promptly notify the other in writing of any alleged or threatened infringement of any UCL Patent of which they become aware. Ocera shall have the first right to bring and control any action or proceeding with respect to infringement of any of the UCL Patents in the Territory at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and UCL shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice. If Ocera fails to bring an action or proceeding within (a) 90 days following the notice of alleged infringement or (b) 10 days before the time limit, if any, set forth in the appropriate laws and regulations for the filing of such actions, whichever comes first, UCL shall have the right to bring and control any such action at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and Ocera shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice; provided that UCL will first discuss with Ocera and consider in good faith any reasons for not bringing such an action. The party that brings and controls such action or proceeding shall keep the other party updated regarding the status and costs of such action or proceeding. In no event shall either party admit the invalidity of, or after exercising its right to bring and control an action under this Section 5.3, fail to defend the validity of, any UCL Patent without the other party’s prior written consent. Neither party shall have the right to settle any patent infringement litigation under this Section 5.3 relating to any UCL Patent without the prior written consent of the other party, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. Except as otherwise agreed by the parties as part of a cost-sharing arrangement, any recovery obtained by either party in connection with or as a result of any action contemplated by this Section 5.3, whether by settlement or otherwise, shall be shared in order as follows: (i) the party that initiated and prosecuted the action shall recoup all of its costs and expenses incurred in connection with the action; (ii) the other party shall then, to the extent possible, recover its costs and expenses incurred in connection with the action; (iii) where Ocera initiated and prosecuted the action, any remaining amounts after such reimbursement of the parties’ costs and expenses that are attributable to lost sales or lost profits with respect to Licensed Products shall be treated as Net Sales of Licensed Products for purposes of this Agreement; and (iv) any other remaining amounts after such reimbursement of the parties’ costs and expenses shall belong to the party that brought and controlled such action. Where any party to any patent infringement litigation contemplated by this Section 5.3 counterclaims for revocation of any of the UCL Patents then, where Ocera has initiated and prosecuted such litigation, Ocera shall notify UCL of such counterclaims and Section 5.4 shall apply in respect of such counterclaims.
5.5    Revocation. UCL and Ocera shall promptly notify the other in writing of the commencement of any proceeding where the validity of any of the UCL Patents is at issue, including opposition proceedings in respect of European patents and interference proceedings in respect of US patents (Revocation Proceedings). Ocera shall have the first right but not the obligation to defend the Revocation Proceedings. If Ocera does not wish to defend or continue to defend Revocation Proceedings then Ocera shall notify UCL and UCL may at its own cost and expense defend or continue to defend such Revocation Proceedings; provided that UCL will first discuss with Ocera and consider in good faith any reasons for not defending or continuing to defend the Revocation Proceedings. Each party shall provide, subject to the availability of suitably qualified staff, with such assistance as the other party shall reasonably request in connection with any Revocation Proceedings (providing the requesting party agrees to pay the other party’s reasonable out-of-pocket expenses properly incurred in providing the requested assistance). For the avoidance of doubt, in no circumstances shall UCL be required to refund any payments previously made under this Agreement including in the case where a UCL Patent is wholly or partly revoked, cancelled or otherwise cease to be in force.
5.6    Infringement of Third Party Rights. Each party shall promptly notify the other in writing of any allegation by a Third Party that the activities pursuant to this Agreement infringe or may infringe the intellectual property rights of such Third Party. UCL shall have the sole right to control any defense of any such claim involving alleged infringement of Third Party rights by UCL’s activities at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and Ocera shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice. Ocera shall have the sole right to control any defense of any such claim involving alleged infringement of Third Party rights by Ocera’s activities at its own expense and by counsel of its own choice, and UCL shall have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice. Neither party shall have the right to settle any patent infringement litigation under this Section 5.5 in a manner that diminishes the rights or interests of the other party without the written consent of such other party, which shall not be unreasonably withheld.
6.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
6.1    Mutual Representations and Warranties. Each party represents and warrants to the other that: (a) it is duly organized and validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation, and has full corporate or other power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out the provisions hereof; (b) it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder, and the person or persons executing this Agreement on its behalf has been duly authorized to do so by all requisite corporate or partnership action; and (c) this Agreement is legally binding upon it, enforceable in accordance with its terms, and does not conflict with any agreement, instrument or understanding, oral or written, to which it is a party or by which it may be bound, nor violate any material law or regulation of any court, governmental body or administrative or other agency having jurisdiction over it.
6.2    UCL Representations and Warranties. UCL represents and warrants to Ocera that, as of the Effective Date:
(a)    UCL is the sole owner of all UCL Patents and any rights in the UCL Know-How.
(b)    UCL has the right, power and authority to grant the licenses contemplated under this Agreement.
(c)    To UCL’s knowledge, without having made any searches or enquiries, the practice of the UCL Technology to develop or commercialize Compounds or Licensed Products in the Field in the Territory by UCL or its Affiliates prior to the Effective Date does not infringe any issued Patents of any Third Party, and UCL has received no written notice, and does not have knowledge of any threat or claim, of infringement or misappropriation of any alleged rights asserted by any Third Party against UCL or any of its Affiliates in relation to the UCL Technology.
(d)    To UCL’s knowledge, without having made any searches or enquiries, there is no Information that UCL or any of its Affiliates Controls which relates directly to the Compound in the Field in the Territory other than the UCL Know-How.
(e)    All inventors of any inventions claimed by the UCL Patents were employees or contractors of UCL or its Affiliate at the time such invention was made and have an obligation to assign their entire right, title and interest in and to such inventions and the corresponding UCL Patents to UCL, and, to UCL’s knowledge, no person, other than those persons named as inventors in any UCL Patents, is an inventor of the invention(s) claimed in such UCL Patents.
(f)    UCL has not received written notice concerning the institution or possible institution of any interference, reexamination, reissue, revocation or nullification proceeding involving any UCL Patents.
For the purposes of this Section 6.2, “UCL’s knowledge” shall be limited to the actual knowledge as at the Effective Date of the Business Managers and Directors of UCL.
6.3    Disclaimer. Except as expressly set forth herein, THE COMPOUNDS, TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROVIDED HEREUNDER ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND EACH PARTY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE WARRANTIES OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES, OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICES, IN ALL CASES WITH RESPECT THERETO. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each party expressly does not warrant (a) the success of any Compound or Licensed Product or (b) the safety or usefulness for any purpose of the technology it provides hereunder.
6.4    Limitation of Liability. EXCEPT FOR PAYMENTS UNDER SECTION 3 OR LIABILITY FOR BREACH OF SECTION 7, NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE ENTITLED TO
 
6.5    
RECOVER FROM THE OTHER PARTY ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY LICENSE GRANTED HEREUNDER; provided, however, that this Section 6.4 shall not be construed to limit Ocera’s indemnification obligations under Section 9.1. Except for liability for breach by UCL of its obligations with respect to the license granted to Ocera under Section 2.1, or for breach by UCL of Section 7, UCL’s liability, whether arising under this Agreement or arising in relation to any activities contemplated by this Agreement, shall to the maximum extent permitted by all applicable law, not exceed $10 million or the total amount received by UCL under this Agreement as of the date of any claim, whichever is greater.
6.5    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 6.4, nothing in this Agreement limits or excludes either party’s liability for (a) death or personal injury or (b) fraud.
7.
CONFIDENTIALITY
7.1    Confidential Information. Except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement or otherwise agreed in writing by the parties, the parties agree that, during the Term and thereafter, the receiving party shall keep confidential and shall not publish or otherwise disclose and shall not use for any purpose other than as expressly provided for in this Agreement any Information furnished to it by the other party pursuant to this Agreement or the Nondisclosure Agreement, whether in oral, written, graphic or electronic form (collectively, “Confidential Information”). Each party may use such Confidential Information only to the extent required to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement. Each party will use at least the same standard of care as it uses to protect proprietary or confidential information of its (but no less than reasonable care) own to ensure that its employees, agents, consultants and other representatives do not disclose or make any unauthorized use of the Confidential Information. Each party will promptly notify the other upon discovery of any unauthorized use or disclosure of the Confidential Information.
7.2    Exceptions. Confidential Information shall not include any information which the receiving party can prove by competent written evidence: (a) is now, or hereafter becomes, through no act or failure to act on the part of the receiving party, generally known or available; (b) is known by the receiving party at the time of receiving such information, as evidenced by its records; (c) is hereafter furnished to the receiving party by a Third Party, as a matter of right and without restriction on disclosure; or (d) is the subject of a written permission to disclose provided by the disclosing party.
7.3    Authorized Disclosure. Each party may disclose Confidential Information belonging to the other party to the extent such disclosure is reasonably necessary in the following instances:
(a)    filing or prosecuting Patents as permitted by this Agreement;
(b)    regulatory filings for Licensed Products by Ocera and its Sublicensees;
(c)    prosecuting or defending litigation as permitted by this Agreement;
(d)    complying with applicable court orders or governmental regulations;
(e)    disclosure to Affiliates, Sublicensees, employees, consultants and agents in connection with performance of activities contemplated by this Agreement or to other Third Parties in connection with due diligence or similar investigations by such Third Party relating to this Agreement, including, without limitation, disclosure to potential Third Party investors in confidential financing documents, provided, in each case, that any such Affiliate, Sublicensee, employee, consultant, agent or Third Party agrees to be bound by at least equivalent terms of confidentiality and non-use to those set forth in this Section 7.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event a party is required to make a disclosure of the other party’s Confidential Information pursuant to Section 7.3(c) or (d), it will, except where impracticable, give reasonable advance notice to the other party of such disclosure, take into account the reasonable requests of the other party in relation to the content of such disclosure, and use efforts to secure confidential treatment of such information at least as diligent as such party would use to protect its own confidential information, but in no event less than reasonable efforts. In any event, the parties agree to take all reasonable action to avoid disclosure of Confidential Information hereunder. The parties will consult with each other on the provisions of this Agreement to be redacted in any filings made by the parties with the Securities and Exchange Commission or as otherwise required by applicable laws, rules or regulations.
7.4    Publications. Each party to this Agreement recognizes that the publication of papers regarding results of and other information regarding research or development activities with respect to the Compound and Licensed Products, including oral presentations and abstracts, may be beneficial to both parties provided such publications are subject to reasonable controls to protect Confidential Information. Accordingly, a party shall have the right to review and comment on any material proposed for disclosure or publication by the other party, such as by oral presentation, manuscript or abstract, which includes information related to (i) the Compound and/or Licensed Products to the extent that such material is proposed for disclosure by Professor Rajiv Jalan and the members of his research team working at the University or (ii) any Confidential Information of such party. Before any such material is submitted for publication, the party proposing publication shall deliver a complete copy to the other party at least 30 days prior to submitting the material to a publisher or initiating any other disclosure. Such other party shall review any such material and give its comments to the party proposing publication within 15 days of the delivery of such material to such other party. With respect to oral presentation materials and abstracts, such other party shall make reasonable efforts to expedite review of such materials and abstracts, and shall return such items as soon as practicable to the party proposing publication with appropriate comments, if any, but in no event later than 15 days from the date of delivery to the non-publishing party. The publishing party shall comply with the other party’s request to delete references to the Confidential Information in any such material and agrees to delay any submission for publication or other public disclosure for a period of up to an additional 90 days for the purpose of preparing and filing appropriate patent applications.
7.5    Publicity. It is understood that the parties intend to coordinate the issuance of press releases announcing the execution of this Agreement and agree that each party may desire or be required to issue subsequent press releases relating to this Agreement or activities
 
7.6    
hereunder. The parties agree to consult with each other reasonably and in good faith with respect to the text and timing of such press releases prior to the issuance thereof, provided that a party may not unreasonably withhold consent to such releases and shall provide comments on such releases within five days of receipt, and that either party may issue such press releases as it determines, based on advice of counsel, are reasonably necessary to comply with laws or regulations or for appropriate market disclosure. In addition, following the initial press releases announcing this Agreement, either party shall be free to disclose, without the other party’s prior written consent, the existence of this Agreement, the identity of the other party and those terms of the Agreement which have already been publicly disclosed in accordance herewith. Ocera shall not use the name or logo of UCL or the University in any press release or product advertising, or for any other promotional purpose, without first obtaining UCL’s written consent; provided that Ocera need only obtain prior written consent one time for disclosure of the name or logo of UCL or the University for use in a particular context and where the name or logo of UCL or the University is being used in the same way as has previously been approved by UCL.
8.
TERM AND TERMINATION
8.1    Term. The term of this Agreement (the “Term”) shall commence on the Effective Date and continue in each country in the Territory until the expiration of the last Royalty Term in such country, unless earlier terminated in accordance with Section 8.2. After the expiration of this Agreement, on a country-by-country basis, in each country in the Territory, Ocera will retain the licenses granted under Section 2.1, except that such licenses shall be fully paid-up and royalty‑free. For the avoidance of doubt, such fully paid up and royalty free licences only apply upon expiration of this Agreement as opposed to earlier termination under Section 8.2.
8.2    Termination.
(a)    Termination for Cause. Each party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement upon 60 days’ prior written notice to the other party upon the occurrence of any of the following:
(i)    Upon or after (1) an order is made or a resolution is passed for the winding up of the other party (other than a dissolution or winding up for the purpose of reconstruction or amalgamation), (2) a liquidator, administrative receiver, receiver, or trustee is appointed in respect of a material part of the other party’s assets or business, (3) as a consequence of financial difficulties the other party makes or proposes any voluntary arrangement with its creditors, (4) the other party ceases to continue its business, (5) the other party becomes unable to pay its debts as and when they fall due or (6) as a consequence of debt and/or maladministration, the other party takes or suffers any similar or analogous action to those listed in (1) - (5) above; or
(ii)    Upon or after the breach of any material provision of this Agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured such breach where it is capable of being cured within the 60-day period following written notice of termination by the non-breaching party. Material provisions shall for the purposes of this Subsection 8.2(a)(ii) include without limitation Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 5, 7, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1 and 10.6.
(b)    Termination by Ocera. Ocera shall have the right to terminate this Agreement for any reason upon 90 days’ prior written notice to UCL.
(c)    Termination by UCL. Without prejudice to any other right or remedy, UCL shall have the right to terminate this Agreement if Ocera or any of its Sublicensees or Affiliates challenge, petition to revoke, oppose or otherwise dispute, or directly or indirectly assist any Third Party to challenge, petition to revoke, oppose or otherwise dispute, the validity and/or scope of any of the UCL Patents including the validity of any of the claims of the UCL Patents.
8.3    Effect of Termination; Surviving Obligations.
(a)    Upon termination of this Agreement for any reason:
(i)    except as otherwise provided in Section 8.3(a)(ii), all rights under the license granted by UCL to Ocera under Section 2.1 shall automatically terminate and revert to UCL;
(ii)    UCL shall, and it hereby does, grant to Ocera a fully-paid, perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide, exclusive, royalty-free license, with the right to sublicense and further sublicense, to use the Licensed Results (as defined in clause 4.4 of the Collaboration Agreement) for any and all uses and UCL shall provide to Ocera copies of any materials forming part of the Licensed Results in its possession to the extent such materials are reasonably necessary in order to enable the practice of such license;
(iii)    any Sublicence Agreements granted under Section 2.8 by Ocera shall remain in effect, but shall be assigned to UCL;
(iv)    Ocera shall return all UCL Know-How in its possession (except for any and all UCL Know-How to which Ocera retains a license under Section 8.3(a)(ii)) to UCL within 60 days of such termination;
(v)    UCL shall have the option to acquire from Ocera, subject to the negotiation of mutually agreeable terms, all regulatory approvals, clinical data and other similar information and items related to the Compound and Licensed Product owned by Ocera; and
(vi)    Ocera shall within 30 days following expiry or termination pay to UCL all sums due to it under this Agreement in respect of the period up to and including the date of expiration or termination, including without limitation any sums due pursuant to Section 3.
(b)    Following the expiration of the Term under Section 8.1, Ocera will retain the licenses granted to it under Section 2, except that all such licenses shall be fully paid and irrevocable.
(c)    Expiration or termination of this Agreement shall not relieve the parties of any obligation accruing prior to such expiration or termination. Except as otherwise provided herein, the provisions of Section 1, 3 (to the extent sums remain payable), 4, 5.5, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.5, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 9 and 10 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. In addition, Section 8.1 shall survive any expiration of this Agreement. Termination of this Agreement shall not limit any other rights and remedies of the parties.
(d)    Within 30 days following the expiration or termination of this Agreement, except to the extent and for so long as a party retains license rights under Section 8.3(a) or (b), each party shall deliver to the other party any and all Confidential Information of the other party in its possession.
8.4    Exercise of Right to Terminate. The use by either party hereto of a termination right provided for under this Agreement shall not give rise to the payment of damages or any other form of compensation or relief to the other party with respect thereto.
8.5    Damages; Relief. Subject to Section 8.4 above, termination of this Agreement shall not preclude either party from claiming any other damages, compensation or relief that it may be entitled to upon such termination.
9.
INDEMNIFICATION
9.1    Indemnification by Ocera. Ocera hereby agrees to save, defend and hold UCL and its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (each, a “UCL Indemnitee”) harmless from and against any and all demands, liabilities, expenses and/or loss, including reasonable legal expense and attorneys’ fees (collectively, “Losses”) to which any UCL Indemnitee may become subject as a result of any claim, demand, action or other proceeding by any Third Party to the extent such Losses arise directly or indirectly out of: (i) the practice by Ocera of any license granted to it under Section 2.1; or (ii) the manufacture, use, handling, storage, sale or other disposition of any Licensed Product by Ocera or any of its Sublicensees; except, in each case, to the extent such Losses result from the negligence or willful misconduct of any UCL Indemnitee or the breach by UCL of any material warranty, representation, covenant or agreement made by UCL in this Agreement.
9.2    Insurance. Ocera shall effect and maintain at its own expense comprehensive general commercial liability insurance (including product liability coverage for the Licensed Products), in the sum of not less than US $1,000,000 per claim and US $5,000,000 in aggregate. Ocera shall at its own expense increase the value and scope of its insurance as necessary to provide coverage for its development and commercialization of the Licensed Products, consistent with industry standards. The insurance required under this Section 9.2 shall be effected and maintained to ensure that Ocera is covered at all times under such insurance during the Term relating to the Licensed Products. Annually, Ocera shall promptly provide to UCL a certificate of insurance reflecting that the insurance coverage required under this Article 9.2 is in effect. If Ocera fails to comply with its obligations under this Section 9.2 then UCL may obtain any such insurance and Ocera shall pay UCL the cost thereof on demand.
9.3    Control of Defense. Any entity entitled to indemnification under this Section 9 shall give notice to the indemnifying party of any Losses that may be subject to indemnification, promptly after learning of such Losses, and the indemnifying party shall assume the defense of such Losses with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such defense is assumed by the indemnifying party with counsel so selected, the indemnifying party will not be subject to any liability for any settlement of such Losses made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), and will not be obligated to pay the fees and expenses of any separate counsel retained by the indemnified party with respect to such Losses.
10.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
10.1    Dispute Resolution.
a.
In the event of any controversy or claim arising out of, relating to or in connection with any provision of this Agreement, the parties shall try to settle their differences amicably between themselves first, by referring the disputed matter to the Chief Executive Officer of Ocera and the Managing Director of UCL. Either party may initiate such informal dispute resolution by sending written notice of the dispute to the other party, and, within 15 days after such notice (or such longer period as may be agreed by the parties), such representatives of the parties shall meet for attempted resolution by good faith negotiations.
b.
If the representative of the parties have not been able to resolve the dispute within 15 days after such meeting or if the representatives of either party will not meet the other, then, any and all claims, disputes or controversies arising under, out of, or in connection with this Agreement, shall be referred to and resolved by final and binding compulsory arbitration in London, England (or other location agreed in writing by the parties) pursuant to and in accordance with the then-current rules of the London Court of International Arbitration.
c.
The arbitration shall be conducted by one arbitrator to be mutually agreed upon by the parties. Within 15 days after the reference of the dispute to binding arbitration, the parties shall select one person to act as the arbitrator; provided, however, that if the parties are unable to agree upon an arbitrator within 15 days after the reference of the dispute to binding arbitration, then the arbitrator shall be appointed in accordance with the rules of the London Court of International Arbitration.
d.
Either party may apply to the arbitrator for interim injunctive relief until the arbitrator has rendered his or her award or the controversy is otherwise resolved. Either party may also, without waiving any remedy under this Agreement, seek from any court having jurisdiction any injunctive or provisional relief necessary to protect the rights or property of that party pending the arbitrator’s decision.

e.
The arbitrator shall have no power to add to, subtract from or modify any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement, nor to award punitive damages. The arbitrator may award compound interest at commercial rates. The arbitrator may also award interim relief and grant specific performance.
f.
Any award rendered in such arbitration shall be in writing and state the reasons upon which it is based and shall be final and binding on the parties, who undertake to carry it out without recourse to any judicial proceedings in any jurisdiction whatsoever seeking annulment, setting aside, modification or any diminution or impairment of its terms or effect.
g.
Each party shall bear its own costs and expenses and attorneys’ fees and an equal share of the arbitrator’s fees and any administrative fees of arbitration, provided that the arbitrator shall be authorized to determine whether a party is the prevailing party, and if so, to award to that prevailing party reimbursement for its reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, in connection with arbitration of such controversy or claim.
h.
By agreeing to this binding arbitration provision, the parties understand that they are waiving certain rights and protections which may otherwise be available if a dispute between the parties were determined by litigation in court, including, without limitation, the right to seek or obtain certain types of damages precluded by this provision, the right to a jury trial and certain rights of appeal.
i.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 10.1, any dispute, controversy or claim that concerns (a) the validity or infringement of a patent, trademark or copyright, (b) any antitrust, anti-monopoly or competition law or regulation, whether or not statutory, shall not be subject to the arbitration provisions of this Section 10.1 and shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of England and Wales.
10.2    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of England and Wales, excluding its conflicts of laws principles.
10.3    Entire Agreement; Modification. This Agreement is both a final expression of the parties’ agreement and a complete and exclusive statement with respect to all of its terms. This Agreement supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and communications, whether oral, written or otherwise, concerning any and all matters contained herein, including the Nondisclosure Agreement and the Original Agreement, but excluding the Collaboration Agreement. Each party acknowledges that, in entering into this Agreement, it has not relied on, and shall have no right or remedy in respect of, any statement, representation, assurance or warranty (whether made negligently or innocently) other than as expressly set out in this Agreement. Each party waives all rights and remedies which, but for this Section 10.3, might otherwise be available to it in respect of such statement, representation, assurance or warranty. Nothing in this Section 10.3 shall limit or exclude any liability for fraud. This Agreement may
 
10.4    
only be modified or supplemented in a writing expressly stated for such purpose and signed by the parties to this Agreement.
10.5    Relationship Between the Parties. The parties’ relationship, as established by this Agreement, is solely that of independent contractors. This Agreement does not create any partnership, joint venture or similar business relationship between the parties. Neither party is a legal representative of the other party, and neither party can assume or create any obligation, representation, warranty or guarantee, express or implied, on behalf of the other party for any purpose whatsoever.
10.6    Non-Waiver. The failure of a party to insist upon strict performance of any provision of this Agreement or to exercise any right arising out of this Agreement shall neither impair that provision or right nor constitute a waiver of that provision or right, in whole or in part, in that instance or in any other instance. Any waiver by a party of a particular provision or right shall be in writing, shall be as to a particular matter and, if applicable, for a particular period of time and shall be signed by such party.
10.7    Assignment. Except as expressly provided hereunder, neither this Agreement nor any rights or obligations hereunder may be assigned or otherwise transferred by either party without the prior written consent of the other party (which consent shall not be unreasonably conditioned, delayed or withheld); provided, however, that Ocera may assign this Agreement and its rights and obligations hereunder without UCL’s consent in connection with the transfer or sale of all or substantially all of the business of Ocera relating to Licensed Products to a Third Party, whether by merger, sale of stock, sale of assets or otherwise.
The rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of the parties. Any assignment not in accordance with this Agreement shall be void.
10.8    No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is neither expressly nor impliedly made for the benefit of any party other than those executing it, and the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 shall not apply to this Agreement save that the University shall be entitled to enforce Section 9.2. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the consent of the University shall not be required in the event that the parties vary or terminate this agreement by mutual agreement.
10.9    Severability. If, for any reason, any part of this Agreement is adjudicated invalid, unenforceable or illegal by a court of competent jurisdiction, such adjudication shall not affect or impair, in whole or in part, the validity, enforceability or legality of any remaining portions of this Agreement. All remaining portions shall remain in full force and effect as if the original Agreement had been executed without the invalidated, unenforceable or illegal part.
10.10    Notices. Any notice to be given under this Agreement must be in writing and delivered either in person, by any method of mail (postage prepaid) requiring return receipt, or by overnight courier or facsimile confirmed thereafter by any of the foregoing, to the party to be notified at its address(es) given below, or at any address such party has previously designated by
 
10.11    
prior written notice to the other. Notice shall be deemed sufficiently given for all purposes upon the earliest of: (a) the date of actual receipt; (b) if mailed, five days after the date of postmark; or (c) if delivered by overnight courier, the next business day the overnight courier regularly makes deliveries.
If to Ocera, notices must be addressed to:
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
12651 High Bluff Drive, Suite 230
San Diego, CA 92130
United States of America
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
Telephone: (858) 436-3900
Facsimile: (858) 436-3999

If to UCL, notices must be addressed to:
UCL Business PLC
97 Tottenham Court Road
London, W1T 4TP
England
Attention: Managing Director
Telephone: + 44 (0) 20 7679 9000
Facsimile: + 44 (0) 20 7679 9838

10.12    Force Majeure. Each party shall be excused from liability for the failure or delay in performance of any obligation under this Agreement by reason of any event beyond such party’s reasonable control including but not limited to acts of God, fire, flood, explosion, earthquake, or other natural forces, war, civil unrest, accident, destruction or other casualty, any lack or failure of transportation facilities or any other event similar to those enumerated above. Such excuse from liability shall be effective only to the extent and duration of the event(s) causing the failure or delay in performance and provided that the party has not caused such event(s) to occur. Notice of a party’s failure or delay in performance due to force majeure must be given to the other party within 10 days after its occurrence. All delivery dates under this Agreement that have been affected by force majeure shall be tolled for the duration of such force majeure. In no event shall any party be required to prevent or settle any labor disturbance or dispute. Notwithstanding the foregoing, should the event(s) of force majeure suffered by a party extend beyond a three‑month period, the other party may then terminate this Agreement by written notice to the non-performing party, with the consequences of such termination as set forth in Sections 8.3, 8.4 and 8.5.
10.13    Interpretation.
(a)    Captions & Headings. The captions and headings of clauses contained in this Agreement preceding the text of the articles, sections, subsections and paragraphs hereof are
 
(b)    
inserted solely for convenience and ease of reference only and shall not constitute any part of this Agreement, or have any effect on its interpretation or construction.
(c)    Singular & Plural; Interpretation of Other Terms. All references in this Agreement to the singular shall include the plural where applicable, and all references to gender shall include both genders and the neuter. Use of the word “including” in this Agreement shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation” or like expression and shall not be construed to limit any general statement which it follows to the specific or similar items or matters immediately following it. Each accounting term used herein that is not specifically defined herein shall have the meaning given to it under GAAP consistently applied, but only to the extent consistent with its usage and the other definitions in this Agreement.
(d)    Articles, Sections & Subsections. Unless otherwise specified, references in this Agreement to any article shall include all sections, subsections, and paragraphs in such article; references in this Agreement to any section shall include all subsections and paragraphs in such sections; and references in this Agreement to any subsection shall include all paragraphs in such subsection.
(e)    Days. All references to days in this Agreement shall mean calendar days, unless otherwise specified.
(f)    Ambiguities. Ambiguities and uncertainties in this Agreement, if any, shall not be interpreted against either party, irrespective of which party may be deemed to have caused the ambiguity or uncertainty to exist.
(g)    English Language. This Agreement has been prepared in the English language and the English language shall control its interpretation. In addition, all notices required or permitted to be given hereunder, and all written, electronic, oral or other communications between the parties regarding this Agreement shall be in the English language.
(h)    Counterparts; Facsimile. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original document, and all of which, together with this writing, shall be deemed one instrument. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile and upon such delivery the facsimile signature will be deemed to have the same effect as if the original signature had been delivered to the other party.
[Remainder of this page intentionally left blank.]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this AMENDED AND RESTATED LICENSE AGREEMENT as of the date first written above.
UCL BUSINESS PLC                    OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC.
By:    C.A. TARHAN                By:    LAURENT FISCHER        
Name:    C.A. TARHAN                Name:    LAURENT FISCHER, M.D.        
Title:    MANAGING DIRECTOR            Title:    PRESIDENT & CEO            
By:    s/ANNE LANE                
Name:    ANNE LANE                    
Title:    EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR            
    

EXHIBIT A
UCL Patents
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EXHIBIT B
UCL Know-How
All the UCL Know how has been provided to Ocera as part of the due diligence documents sent in August 2008. These can be classified as follows:

a. Published information, relating to the background. [See Publications section of the due diligence package].

b. Grant Applications to study L-ornithine Phenylacetate. [See MRC Award for clinical trials section of the due diligence package].

c. Published information specifically relating to the technology: [See Publications section of the due diligence package; Academic Papers: PUB7; and folder: Abstracts and Presentations] [See POC Clinical Trials section of the due diligence package].

d. Unpublished information on the subject which has been submitted but awaiting resubmission. [See Animal Studies section of the due diligence package].

e. Data referring to technology that have been presented at meetings. [See Publications section of the due diligence package; Abstracts and Presentations].

f. Data with respect to the OP salt: [See Regarding New Salt section of the due diligence package].

g. On-going but still incomplete studies:
1.
Evaluation of OP vs. Placebo in a rat model of Cirrhosis. [Funding: Liver Failure Labs, UCLB]
a.
Submitted to Hepatology. Comments to extend the model to 10 days to show effect and neuropsychological tests
i.
Studies extended to 10 days, demonstration of synergy and persistent ammonia reduction [approx 50 rats]
ii.
Neuropsychological studies underway [12 rats]
iii.
TO DO: Amino acids and Phenylacetylglutamine
iv.
Resubmit paper by end Nov. 2008

2.
Evaluation of OP vs. Placebo in a devascularised pigs [Funding: Liver Failure Labs and Norwegian Medical research council]
a.
On going studies/to finish
i.
Interorgan Metabolism of ammonia and amino acids
ii.
Brain Histology
iii.
Brain Microdialysis
iv.
White matter vs. Grey matter
v.
Discovery: LCMS and NMR spectroscopy
3.
OP vs. Placebo in Cirrhotic Rats [PK/PD study] [Funding: UCLB]

a.
On-going: Aim to determine best dose and combination of administration [n=48]
b.
End Points: Ammonia, Amino acid; PAG; Brain Water
i.
Single Bolus
ii.
Bolus followed by Infusion for 6 hours
iii.
Bolus followed by infusion for 16 hours
iv.
Bolus followed by Infusion for 24 hours
v.
O:P: 1:1
vi.
O:P: 2:1
vii.
O:P: 1:2
viii.
Total dose: 0.1; 0.3 and 0.6 gm/Kg
c.
Effectiveness
i.
Neuropsychology

4.
Inflammation, Ammonia and the Brain
a.
Study in Cirrhotic rats treated with LPS. Randomised to OP, OP + Infliximab; OP alone or Infliximab alone
b.
N=24 rats
c.
It may be worth considering trialling AST 12O either by itself or together with OP in this model.
d.
Data needs analysis

EXHIBIT C
Consultation Rates

We provide a range of consultancy rates to reflect various UCL or University employees that may be required to provide Ocera with further assistance beyond that agreed in 2.6. All such additional work will have the prior written approval of Ocera so that UCL and Ocera can discuss the level of expertise and materials required by Ocera.

A per day (p. d.) rate is calculated as 7 hrs and includes overheads. Technician through to Research Associate £200 - £400 p. d., Junior to Senior Lecturer £600-800 p. d., Reader £1000 p.d, Professor £1,250 to £1,500 p.d.
Exhibit D
Royalty Statements

1.
In respect of each country where Licensed Products were supplied during a Calendar Quarter:-

1.1.
the Net Sales of each type of Licensed Product supplied expressed both in local currency and in U.S. Dollars together with conversion rates used;

1.2.
the royalty rate applicable to each type of Licensed Product supplied in that country;

1.3.
the calculation of the royalties payable in respect of each type of Licensed Product; and

1.4.
the total amount of royalties payable in respect of that country;

2.
For the world as a whole:-

2.1.
the total amount of royalties payable under Section 3.3;

2.2.
the amount of any deduction made pursuant to Sections 1.24, 3.3 and 3.4; and

2.3.
the amount of any withholding tax deducted pursuant to Section 4.4.

3.
In respect of any Licensed Products sold or disposed of between or among Ocera and its Affiliates for resale or supplied in any other circumstances other than an arm’s-length transaction exclusively for money, pursuant to Section 1.24:-

3.1.
the amount of each type of Licensed Product supplied; and

3.2.
the actual price at which the Licensed Products were supplied and the nature and value of any other consideration provided for the Licensed Products.


Exhibit E
Experts Procedure

1.
Any dispute arising out of or in connection with Section 1.24 of this Agreement and/or its performance shall be referred to an expert by either party serving on the other party notice (“Referral Notice”) that it wishes to refer the dispute to an expert
2.
The dispute shall be determined by a single independent impartial expert who shall be agreed between the parties or, in the absence of agreement between the parties within 30 days of the service of a Referral Notice, be appointed by the then President of the Institute of Chartered Accountants or any successor organisation thereto.
3.
30 days after the appointment of the expert pursuant to paragraph 2 both parties shall exchange simultaneously statements of case in no more than 10,000 words, in total, and each side shall simultaneously send a copy of its statement of case to the expert.
4.
Each party may, within 30 days of the date of exchange of statement of case pursuant to paragraph 3, serve a reply to the other side's statement of case in no more than 10,000 words. A copy of any such reply shall be simultaneously sent to the expert.
5.
Subject to paragraph 8, there shall be no oral hearing. The expert shall issue his decision in writing to both parties within 30 days of the date of service of the last reply pursuant to paragraph 4 above or, in the absence of receipt of any replies, within 60 days of the date of exchange pursuant to paragraph 3.
6.
The seat of the dispute resolution shall be the normal place of residence of the expert.
7.
The language of the dispute resolution shall be English.
8.
The expert shall not have power to alter, amend or add to the provisions of this Agreement, except that the expert shall have the power to decide all procedural matters relating to the dispute, and may call for a one day hearing if desirable and appropriate.
9.
The expert shall have the power to request copies of any documents in the possession and/or control of the parties which may be relevant to the dispute. The parties shall forthwith provide to the expert and the other party copies of any documents so requested by the expert.
10.
The expert shall decide the dispute as an expert and not as an arbitrator.
11.
The decision of the expert shall be final and binding upon both parties except in the case of manifest error. The parties hereby exclude any rights of application or appeal to any court, to the extent that they may validly so agree, and in particular in connection with any question of law arising in the course of the reference out of the award.

12.
The expert shall determine the proportions in which the parties shall pay the costs of the expert's procedure. The expert shall have the authority to order that all or a part of the legal or other costs of a party shall be paid by the other party.
13.
All documents and information disclosed in the course of the expert proceedings and the decision and award of the expert shall be kept strictly confidential by the recipient and shall not be used by the recipient for any purpose except for the purposes of the proceedings and/or the enforcement of the expert’s decision and award.
14.
The parties shall not, and shall procure that their respective Affiliates and Sublicensees shall not, make any announcement, or comment upon, or originate any publicity, or otherwise provide any information to any Third Party (other than its legal advisors) concerning the experts proceedings including the fact that the parties are in dispute, the existence of the experts proceedings, and/or any decision or award of the expert.




1
714370 v2/SD
EX-23.1 7 exhibit231proq2a01consent.htm EXHIBIT 23.1 Exhibit 23.1 ProQ2A01Consent

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:

(1)
Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-181215) of Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.,
(2)
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-173535) pertaining to the 2001 Employee Stock Option Plan of Tranzyme, Inc., the 2001 Non-Employee Stock Option Plan of Tranzyme, Inc., the Amended and Restated 2003 Stock Option Plan of Tranzyme, Inc., the Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Option Plan of Tranzyme Pharma, Inc., and the 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan of Tranzyme, Inc., and
(3)
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-182408) pertaining to the Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan of Tranzyme, Inc.;

of our report dated May 6, 2013, with respect to the financial statements of Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. included in this Current Report on Form 8-K/A of Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
San Diego, California
September 27, 2013


EX-99.1 8 exhibit991form8-ka.htm EXHIBIT 99.1 Exhibit 99.1Form8-KA


Exhibit 99.1
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
Balance Sheet
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
 
June 30,
December 31,
 
2013
2012
 
(unaudited)
 
Assets
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
730

$
2,303

Prepaid and other current assets
68

100

Total current assets
798

2,403

Property and equipment, net
4

7

Other noncurrent assets
15


Total assets
$
817

$
2,410

Liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
Accounts payable
$
1,047

$
269

Accrued liabilities
624

280

Convertible notes payable, net—related parties
2,971

2,908

Total current liabilities
4,642

3,457

Preferred stock warrant liability
4

16

Total liabilities
4,646

3,473

Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)
 
 
Convertible preferred stock:
 
 
Series A convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 14,720,000 shares authorized, 14,500,000 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012. Liquidation preference of $14,500 at June 30, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012.
14,346

14,346

Series B convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 8,600,000 authorized, issued and outstanding at June 30, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012. Liquidation preference of $12,040 at June 30, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012.
11,983

11,983

Series C convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001, 18,922,000 and 17,350,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012, respectively. 17,339,112 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012. Liquidation preference of $35,521 at June 30, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012.
35,414

35,414

Stockholders’ deficit:
 
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 55,300,000 and 53,270,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012, respectively. 5,377,660 and 5,234,952 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012, respectively.
5

5

Additional paid-in capital
1,213

1,161

Deficit accumulated during the development stage
(66,790)

(63,972)

Total stockholders’ deficit
(3,829)

(1,063)

Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit
$
817

$
2,410

See accompanying notes.

1




Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Period from
December 20, 2004
(Inception) to
June 30, 2013
 
2013
2012
2013
2012
 
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
$
365

$
439

$
434

$
920

$
51,447

General and administrative
1,652

464

2,223

1,043

17,759

Total operating expenses
2,017

903

2,657

1,963

69,206

Other income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and other income



1

3,752

Interest and other expense
(77)

(43)

(173)

(43)

(1,404)

Change in fair value of warrant liability
7

(63)

12

(57
)
68

Total other income (expense), net
(70)

(106)

(161)

(99)

2,416

Net loss and comprehensive loss
$
(2,087
)
$
(1,009
)
$
(2,818
)
$
(2,062
)
$
(66,790
)
Net loss per share:
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$
(0.39
)
$
(0.19
)
$
(0.53
)
$
(0.39
)
 
Weighted average number of shares used to compute net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted
5,377,660

5,234,952

5,350,853

5,234,952

 
See accompanying notes.

2




Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
Statements of Cash Flows
(In Thousands)
 
 
Six Months
Ended
June 30,
Period From
December 20, 
2004
(Inception) to
June 30, 2013
 
 
2013
2012
 
 
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
Operating activities
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(2,818
)
$
(2,062
)
$
(66,790
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
5

11

382

Stock based compensation
 
32

98

913

Change in valuation of warrant liability
 
(12)

57

(68)

Loss on disposal of asset
 


8

(Amortization of discount) accretion of premium on investment securities
 

1

(342)

Debt discount, net and noncash interest expense
 
173

43

491

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other assets
 
(1)

(28)

(81)

Accounts payable
 
778

(750)

1,047

Accrued liabilities
 
252

(34)

428

Net cash used in operating activities
 
(1,591)

(2,664)

(64,012)

Investing activities
 
 
 
 
Purchases of property and equipment
 
(2)


(394)

Purchases of short-term investments
 


(142,044)

Sale and maturities of short-term investments
 

250

142,386

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
 
(2)

250

(52)

Financing activities
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from the sale of convertible preferred stock, net
 


60,744

Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable, net
 

1,449

2,940

Proceeds from note payable
 


4,000

Repayments of note payable
 


(4,000)

Proceeds from issuance of promissory note
 


1,000

Proceeds from issuance of common stock
 
20


110

Net cash provided by financing activities
 
20

1,449

64,794

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
(1,573)

(965)

730

Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period
 
2,303

3,114


Cash and cash equivalents—end of period
 
$
730

$
2,149

$
730

Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities
 
 
 
 
Warrants issued in connection with notes payable
 
$

$
33

$
143

Reclassification of warrant liability to additional paid-in-capital
 
$

$
93

$
93

Issuance of options related to consulting agreement
 
$

$
7

$
13

 
 
$

$

$
861

Conversion of promissory note and interest to equity
 
$

$

$
1,046

See accompanying notes.



3


Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)

Notes to Financial Statements
(Information as of June 30, 2013 and thereafter and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to June 30, 2013 is unaudited)

Notes to Financial Statements
1. The Company
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in December 2004. The Company is a biopharmaceutical company focused on in-licensing, developing and commercializing novel therapeutics for acute and chronic liver diseases and gastrointestinal disorders.
As of December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2013, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to product development, raising capital and building infrastructure, and has not realized revenues from its planned principal operations. Accordingly, the Company is considered to be in the development stage.
On July 15, 2013, Terrapin Acquisition, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Tranzyme, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Tranzyme”), completed its merger (the “Merger”) with and into Ocera Therapeutics, Inc., a private Delaware corporation (“Private Ocera”). Private Ocera is considered the acquiring company for accounting purposes as upon completion of the Merger, Private Ocera's former stockholders held a majority of the voting interest of the combined company. In addition, the nine member board of directors of the combined company includes six of the former members of the Private Ocera board of directors. Therefore, the former members of the Private Ocera board of directors possess majority control of the board of directors of the combined company. The Merger was effected pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of April 23, 2013, by and among Tranzyme, Private Ocera and Merger Sub. In connection with the Merger, the combined company changed its name to Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. and the name of Private Ocera was changed to Ocera Subsidiary, Inc.

To the extent used herein, the term “Private Ocera” refers to Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (now known as Ocera Subsidiary, Inc.) prior to the Merger.
Except as described in Note 7 “Subsequent Events”, the accompanying unaudited financial statements do not give effect to the Merger.

Basis of Presentation
The Company has a limited operating history and the sales and income potential of the Company’s business and market are unproven. The Company has experienced net losses since its inception and, as of December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2013, had an accumulated deficit of $64.0 million and $66.8 million, respectively. The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur net losses into the foreseeable future as it continues the development and commercialization of its lead drug candidate OCR-002 and expands its corporate infrastructure. Based on the Company’s operating plan, existing working capital at June 30, 2013, is not sufficient to meet the cash requirements to fund planned operating expenses through December 31, 2013, without additional sources of cash. These conditions raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
On April 23, 2013, concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Tranzyme entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Financing Agreement”) with certain Private Ocera stockholders and their affiliates. Pursuant to the Financing Agreement, immediately following the consummation of the Merger on July 15, 2013, the combined company sold approximately $20.0 million of its Common Stock (the “Financing”) to the parties at a per share purchase price of $6.0264. As a result of the Financing, the Company believes it will have sufficient funds to meet its operating plan through at least the next twelve months.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. This basis of accounting contemplates the recovery of the Company’s assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.

4




2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Unaudited Interim Financial Information
The accompanying interim balance sheet as of June 30, 2013 and the statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to June 30, 2013, and the statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to June 30, 2013, and the related footnote disclosures are unaudited. These unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. In management’s opinion, the unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and include all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2013 and its results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to June 30, 2013, and its cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to June 30, 2013. The results for the six months ended June 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or any other interim period.
Segment Reporting
Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment operating in the United States.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include money market funds and various deposit accounts.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their short maturities. The Company believes the fair value of convertible notes payable approximates its carrying value. The preferred stock warrant liability represents its estimated fair value.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and primarily consist of license fees, salaries and related employee benefits, costs associated with clinical trials, manufacturing control, quality assurance, medical affairs and regulatory activities. The Company uses external service providers and vendors to conduct clinical trials and to provide various other research and development and manufacturing related products and services.
Preferred Stock Warrant Liability
The Company classifies warrants for convertible preferred stock as liabilities on the balance sheet. The carrying value of these convertible preferred stock warrants are adjusted to their estimated fair value at each reporting date with the increases or decreases in the fair value of such warrants recorded as change in fair value of warrant liability in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
Stock Based Compensation
Stock based compensation is recognized as an expense in the financial statements based on the grant date fair value. For awards that vest based on service conditions, the Company uses the straight-line method to allocate compensation expense

5




to reporting periods. For performance based stock options, the Company begins to recognize the expense when it is deemed probable that the performance based goal will be met. The Company evaluates the probability of achieving performance based goals at each reporting date.
The Company grants stock options to purchase common stock to employees with exercise prices equal to the value of the underlying stock, as determined by the board of directors on the date the equity award was granted. The board of directors determined the fair value of the underlying common stock by considering a number of factors, including historical and projected financial results, the risks the Company faced at the time, the preferences of the Company’s preferred stockholders and the lack of liquidity of the Company’s common stock.
The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black Scholes valuation model using the appropriate risk-free interest rate, expected term, volatility and forfeiture rate assumptions. The expected life of options was calculated using the simplified method. The simplified method calculates the life as the average of the contractual term and the vesting period of the option. The Company did not have a readily available market and therefore estimates the volatility rate based on comparable companies. The risk free interest rate is based upon U.S. Treasury securities with remaining terms similar to the expected term of the share based awards. No options were granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the future tax consequences of the differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities using current enacted tax rates. The Company provides a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets unless, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.
The Company’s policy related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attributed criteria for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities.
Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities which include convertible preferred stock, warrants and outstanding stock options under the stock option plan have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to compute basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.
The following table presents the computation of net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share data):
 
Three Months
Ended June 30,
Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
2013
2012
2013
2012
 
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
Numerator
 
 
 
 
Net loss
$
(2,087
)
$
(1,009
)
$
(2,818
)
$
(2,062
)
Denominator
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted
5,377,660

5,234,952

5,350,853

5,234,952

Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$
(0.39
)
$
(0.19
)
$
(0.53
)
$
(0.39
)
Potentially dilutive securities are not included in the calculation of dilutive net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common equivalent shares on a weighted-average basis):

6




 
Three Months ended
June 30,
Six Months ended
June 30,
 
2013
2012
2013
2012
 
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
Convertible preferred stock
40,439,112

40,439,112
40,439,112

40,439,112
Convertible preferred stock warrants
139,011

220,000
179,282

220,000
Common stock warrants
1,098,322

223,287
1,098,322

114,057
Common stock options
3,783,796

5,489,322
4,541,661

5,391,489
Total
45,460,241

46,371,721
46,258,377

46,164,658
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an update on the reporting of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income. An entity is required to present either parenthetically on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified from each component of accumulated other comprehensive income and the income statement line items affected by the reclassification. However, an entity would not need to show the income statement line item affected for certain components that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, such as amounts amortized into net periodic pension cost. The standard is effective prospectively for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2012. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2013 and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In February 2013 the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-04 (ASU 2013-04), Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation Is Fixed at the Reporting Date. The ASU requires reporting and disclosure about obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation is fixed at the reporting date. The ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2014, and interim and annual periods thereafter. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
3. Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2013, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value. As a basis for categorizing inputs, the Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value from market based assumptions to entity specific assumptions:
Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
The Company’s Level 3 financial liabilities consist of warrant liabilities related to warrants to purchase preferred stock.
The fair value of the outstanding preferred stock warrants at June 30, 2013 and 2012 was estimated using the Black‑Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2013
2012
Risk-free interest rate
0.05% to 0.12%
0.21% to 0.29%
Expected life (in years)
0.1 to 0.6
0.8 to 1.6
Expected dividend yield
Expected volatility
34% to 89%
87% to 90%

7





The estimates are based on subjective assumptions that could differ in the future.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2013 are as follows (unaudited):
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
at Reporting Date Using
 
Balance as of
June 30,
2013
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
687

$
687

$

$

Total assets
$
687

$
687

$

$

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock warrant liability
$
4

$

$

$
4

Total liabilities
$
4

$

$

$
4

The following table provides the change in the fair value of Level 3 liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2013 (in thousands):
 
Convertible
Preferred Stock
Warrant Liability
Balance at December 31, 2012
$
16

Change in fair value of warrant liability (unaudited)
(12)

Balance at June 30, 2013 (unaudited)
$
4

4. Convertible Notes Payable
In March 2012, the Company entered into a convertible note and warrant purchase agreement with existing investors. The Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $1.5 million of convertible notes in an initial closing in March 2012 (the "March 2012 Notes"). The March 2012 Notes had an interest rate of 6% per annum and have a maturity date of the earlier of (i) March 30, 2013, (ii) a change of control, or (iii) an event of default. The notes cannot be prepaid without the prior written consent of the holders of at least 67% of the principal amount outstanding under all notes issued.
In connection with the March 2012 Notes, the lenders received warrants for the purchase of the Company’s common stock at $0.08 per share and equal to (i) 30% of the principal amount of the lender’s note divided by the lower of the price of the Series C convertible preferred stock or the equity security sold in a qualified or nonqualified financing should the Company enter into certain strategic transactions, referred to as the "Special Condition", by June 2012 or (ii) 75% of the principal amount of the lender’s note divided by the lower of the Series C convertible preferred stock or the equity sold in a qualified or nonqualified financing if the Special Condition was not met. Accordingly, the lenders received warrants to purchase an aggregate of 219,666 shares of the Company’s common stock on March 30, 2012. Upon the expiration of the anti-dilution protection of the March 2012 notes payable on June 30, 2012, the Company issued an additional 329,495 common stock warrants. The March warrants have a seven year term expiring on March 30, 2019.
In October 2012, the Company issued an aggregate amount of $1.5 million of convertible notes in a second closing with existing investors (the "October 2012 Notes"). The October 2012 Notes had an interest rate of 6% per annum and have a maturity date of the earlier of (i) October 1, 2013, (ii) a change of control, or (iii) an event of default. The notes convert under the same terms as the March 2012 Notes but are based on the October 1, 2013, maturity date. The notes cannot be prepaid without the prior written consent of the holders of at least 67% of the principal amount outstanding under all notes issued. In connection with the October 2012 Notes, the lenders received warrants to purchase 549,161shares of the Company’s common stock. The October Notes have a seven-year term expiring on October 1, 2019.
The common warrants issued in connection with the March 2012 Notes and October 2012 Notes are immediately exercisable at $0.08 per share.

8




In March 2013, the Company amended the March 2012 Notes to extend the maturity date to October 1, 2013. In April 2013, the March and October 2012 Notes were amended to change the note conversion date to automatically convert the unpaid principal and interest at the time of the Merger into shares of the Series C Preferred Stock of Private Ocera at the Series C Conversion Price of $2.04858 per share. There was no consideration paid, given or committed to the note holders by the Company in exchange for the modifications. The debt modification was evaluated under ASC 470-60, Trouble Debt Restructuring and under ASC 470-55, Debit Modification and Extinguishments. The Company determined that it was appropriate to account for the term extension and change to the conversion date on a prospective basis and the carrying amount of the debt remained unchanged. All costs incurred with third parties directly related to the maturity extension were expensed as incurred. There were no costs associated with the change to the note conversion date.

The Company recorded an aggregate of $184,000 and $173,000 of non-cash interest expense and amortization of debt discount related to the convertible notes payable for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the six months ended June 30, 2013.
Common and Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants
Common Stock Warrants
The fair value of the March 2012 common stock warrants was determined to be $32,000 upon issuance. The fair value was recorded as a debt discount and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the March 2012 Notes.
The Company concluded that the March 2012 warrants were a derivative instrument as a result of anti-dilution protection included within the instrument. The March 2012 warrants were required to be recorded at fair value upon issuance and re-measured at each reporting period. The change in fair value of the warrant liability in the amount of $61,000 was recorded in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Upon the expiration of the anti-dilution protection in June 2012, the Company reclassified the fair value of $93,000 to additional paid-in capital.
The relative fair value of the October 2012 common stock warrants as of the date of issuance was determined to be $111,000, which was recorded as a debt discount and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the October 2012 Notes.
The Company accounts for the October 2012 common stock warrants based on their relative fair value as compared to the convertible notes payable and recorded them as equity on the date of issuance. Because the October 2012 common stock warrants meet the requirements for equity classification, the Company is not required to re-measure the fair value of the warrants subsequent to the date of issuance.
Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants
In March 2006, the Company entered into a $4.0 million loan and security agreement with a lender to provide capital to the Company. The loan balance was fully repaid in November 2009. As consideration for the loan and security agreement, the lender received warrants to purchase 220,000 shares of Series A preferred stock at $1.00 per share. The warrants are immediately exercisable with seven-year terms expiring on April 24, 2013 and November 1, 2013. On April 24, 2013, warrants for the purchase of 110,000 shares of Series A preferred stock expired.
The following table summarizes the outstanding convertible preferred and common stock warrants and the corresponding exercise price as of June 30, 2013:
 
Number of Shares
Outstanding
Per-Share
Exercise
 
June 30, 2013
Price
November 1, 2006 preferred stock warrants
110,000
$
1.00

March 30, 2012 common stock warrants
219,666
0.08

June 30, 2012 common stock warrants
329,495
0.08

October 1, 2012 common stock warrants
549,161
0.08

Total
1,208,322
 

9




5. License Agreements and Acquired Development and Commercialization Rights
In July 2004, the Company in-licensed from Kureha Corporation("Kureha") the technology and exclusive development and commercialization rights to its AST-120 product candidate for the treatment of liver and gastrointestinal disease for the territories of North America and Europe. The Company paid a $1.5 million up-front fee to Kureha. In March 2008, the Company amended the license agreement, in exchange for a payment of $0.5 million. Kureha will receive a fixed percentage of any payment that the Company may receive for sublicensed rights in the countries associated with the expanded territory. Under these agreements, the Company may also be required to make future milestone payments upon the achievement of various milestones related to regulatory or commercial events for its first indications in gastrointestinal diseases. The Company may also be obligated to pay a royalty in the low to high single digits on net sales. In April 2012, the Company amended the license agreement to include the development and commercialization of AST-120 as a medical device for IBS in European countries. Under this amended agreement, the Company may be required to make milestone payments based on future commercial milestones and net sales.
In December 2008, the Company entered into a license agreement with UCL Business PLC for worldwide rights to develop and commercialize OCR-002 and related technologies for any use. The agreement was amended on July 2011 and February 2013. As consideration for the license, the Company paid a $1.0 million up-front fee and may be required to make future milestone payments totaling up to $17.0 million upon the achievement of various milestones related to regulatory or commercial events. The Company may be obligated to pay a royalty in the low to mid single digits based on the net sales of OCR-002.
6. Stockholders’ Deficit
The Company’s convertible preferred stock has been classified as temporary equity on the accompanying balance sheets instead of in stockholders’ deficit in accordance with authoritative guidance for the classification and measurement of redeemable securities. Upon certain change in control events that are outside of our control, including liquidation, sale or transfer of control of the Company, holders of the convertible preferred stock can cause its redemption.
During September 2005, the Company sold an aggregate of 14,500,000 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock at $1.00 per share for cash proceeds of $13.5 million. Additionally, the Company converted promissory notes with a principal and accrued interest balance of $1.0 million to Series A convertible preferred stock.
In June 2006, the Company issued 8,600,000 shares of Series B convertible preferred stock at $1.40 per share for net cash proceeds of approximately $12.0 million.
In January and February 2008, the Company issued 17,339,112 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock at $2.04858 per share for net cash proceeds of $35.4 million.
Common Stock
In June 2005, the Company issued 4,800,000 shares of common stock at $0.001 per share to its founders in exchange for cash proceeds of $5,000.
Stock Options
In 2005, the Company adopted the Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. 2005 Stock Plan (the "Plan"). The Plan, as amended, authorizes the Company to issue up to 6,550,000 shares of common stock options to its employees, directors and consultants. The exercise price of nonqualified and incentive stock options shall not be less than 85% and 100% of the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, respectively. As of June 30, 2013, 2,210,590 options remain available for future grant under the Plan.
The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Plan:

10




 
Outstanding Options
Weighted‑Average
Exercise Price
Balance at December 31, 2012
5,787,333

$
0.17

Options canceled
(1,882,875
)
0.23

Options exercised
(142,708
)
0.14

Balance at June 30, 2013 (unaudited)
3,761,750

0.14

Exercisable at June 30, 2013 (unaudited)
3,761,750

$
0.14

The following table summarizes the average estimates the Company used in the Black Scholes option pricing model for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, to determine the fair value of stock options granted during each period. There were no options granted during the three or six months ended June 30, 2013.
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2013
2012
Risk-free interest rates

1.02%
Expected life in years

6.25
Expected dividend yield

Expected volatility

99%
In June 2012, the Company issued 515,091 shares of common stock options to an executive. One-half of the stock options vest monthly over a one year period from the vesting commencement date. The remainder of the stock options are performance based and will vest, if at all, upon the closing of certain strategic or financing transactions. At June 30, 2013, the performance condition was not considered probable of occurring and accordingly, no stock compensation expense has been recognized for the performance based portion of the stock option grant. In April 2013, the terms of the stock option agreement were modified to further define the meaning of strategic or financing transactions such as the Merger Agreement. The modification did not have an impact on stock‑based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2013.
The Company’s results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, included stock based compensation expense related to employees of $32,000 and $98,000, respectively. Since December 20, 2004 (inception) to June 30, 2013, the Company has incurred $913,000 of stock based compensation expense.
The Company recognized stock based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2013
2012
2013
2012
 
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
Research and development
$
2

$
4

$
4

$
18

General and administrative
$
14

$
24

$
28

$
80

Total
$
16

$
28

$
32

$
98

At June 30, 2013, there was $60,000 of unrecognized stock based compensation expense related to unvested employee equity awards to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.51 years.
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance
Common stock reserved for future issuance consists of the following at and June 30, 2013:

11




 
June 30, 2013
Conversion of preferred stock
40,439,112
Preferred warrants outstanding
110,000
Common stock warrants outstanding
1,098,322
Common stock options granted and outstanding
3,761,750
Common stock options reserved for future issuance
2,210,590
Total common stock reserve for future issuance at June 30, 2013
47,619,774
The Company has $3.0 million in principal and $185,000 of accrued interest on outstanding convertible notes payable at June 30, 2013 that are convertible into Series C preferred stock upon occurrence of future financing events at prices that are not determinable until the occurrence of the future events (see Note 4). As such, the Company has excluded these convertible notes payable from the above table.
7. Subsequent Events
The Company has completed an evaluation of all subsequent events through September 27, 2013 to ensure that this filing includes appropriate disclosure of events both recognized in the June 30, 2013 financial statements and events which have occurred but were not recognized in the financial statements. The Company has concluded that no subsequent events, other than the completion of Merger, restructuring, and stock option plan amendment and grants described below, have occurred that require disclosure.
Completion of Merger and Restructuring
On July 15, 2013, Private Ocera completed the Merger with Tranzyme as discussed in Note 1. Tranzyme and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Tranzyme Pharma Inc. (“TPI”), a Quebec, Canadian-based biopharmaceutical company, focused on discovering, developing and commercializing novel, mechanism-based therapeutics. The combined company is focused on the development and commercialization of novel therapeutics for patients with acute and chronic liver diseases. Under the terms of the agreement, immediately following the Merger, Private Ocera’s stockholders owned approximately 71% of the combined company’s shares outstanding, and Tranzyme’s former shareholders owned approximately 29%. Private Ocera is considered the acquiring company for accounting purposes because upon completion of the Merger, Private Ocera's former stockholders held a majority of the voting interest of the combined company. In addition, the nine member board of directors of the combined company includes six of the former members of the Private Ocera board of directors. Therefore, the former members of the Private Ocera board of directors possess majority control of the board of directors of the combined company. The total purchase price for Tranzyme was approximately $13.5 million and will be allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets existing as of July 15, 2013 with any residual amount recorded as goodwill. As of June 30, 2013, the accounting for the Merger had not been finalized pending completion of a valuation of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.
Immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, the principal and interest under Private Ocera's outstanding convertible notes converted into shares of Series C Preferred Stock of Private Ocera, and, immediately thereafter, all outstanding preferred stock of Private Ocera converted into the common stock of Private Ocera.
At the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of Ocera's common stock was converted into the right to receive approximately 0.11969414 shares of Tranzyme's common stock (the “Exchange Ratio”), with cash paid in lieu of any fractional shares. In addition, each outstanding option and warrant to purchase Private Ocera's common stock, prior to the effective time of the Merger, was converted into an option or warrant to purchase Tranzyme's common stock, in each case appropriately adjusted based on the Exchange Ratio.
On April 23, 2013, concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Tranzyme entered into the Financing Agreement with certain former Private Ocera stockholders and their affiliates. Pursuant to the Financing Agreement, immediately following the consummation of the Merger, the combined company sold approximately $20.0 million of its Common Stock to the parties at a per share purchase price of $6.0264. Concurrently with the execution of the Financing Agreement, Tranzyme entered into a Registration Rights Agreement that granted customary registration rights to the participants of the Financing Agreement.
In connection with the Merger, the combined company changed its name to Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. and the name of Private Ocera was changed to Ocera Subsidiary, Inc. After giving effect to the Merger and the Financing, the combined company had 11,287,943 shares of common Stock outstanding.

12




In September 2013, Ocera approved a restructuring plan related to the operations of TPI in order to focus its management and resources on the clinical development of OCR-002. In connection with the restructuring, the Company will terminate employees at the Canadian location, exit its facility and terminate certain contractual obligations. The Company expects to incur expenses and charges during the fourth quarter of 2013 in connection with the restructuring plan. These expenses and charges are estimated to be in the range of $2.2 million to $2.5 million and will include, without limitation, severance and related benefit costs, asset impairment expenses, termination costs associated with contractual obligations and other liabilities.
Stock Options
On August 13, 2013, the Company’s board of directors approved an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan to increase the maximum number of shares that may be issued under the plan from 302,328 to 2,302,328 shares. In connection with this amendment, the Company’s board of directors authorized the grant of an aggregate of 1,454,200 common stock options to its employees. In addition, on August 30, 2013, the Company’s board of directors authorized the grant of an aggregate of 140,000 common stock options to non-employee members of the board of directors. The amendment to the plan and the common stock option grants are subject to stockholder approval within twelve months from August 13, 2013. If stockholder approval is not obtained, the increase to the number of shares issuable under the 2011 plan will not be effective and the stock option grants shall terminate.


13





Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and notes thereto included in this Current Report on Form 8-K and with our audited financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2012 included as Exhibit 99.2 to this Current Report.
Except for the historical information contained herein, the matters discussed in this Current Report on Form 8-K may be deemed to be forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. We make such forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. In this Current Report on Form 8-K, words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” and similar expressions (as well as other words or expressions referencing future events, conditions or circumstances) are intended to identify forward-looking statements.
Our actual results and the timing of certain events may differ materially from the results discussed, projected, anticipated, or indicated in any forward-looking statements. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Current Report. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Current Report, they may not be predictive of results or developments in future periods.
The following information and any forward-looking statements should be considered in light of risk identified under Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 filed with the SEC on August 14, 2013.
We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements made by us, which speak only as of the date they are made. We disclaim any obligation, except as specifically required by law and the rules of the SEC, to publicly update or revise any such statements to reflect any change in our expectations or in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements may be based, or that may affect the likelihood that actual results will differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.
Unless otherwise indicated, references to the terms the "combined company”, “Ocera”, the "Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” refer to Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly known as Tranzyme, Inc.) and its subsidiaries after the merger described herein. The term “Private Ocera” refers to Ocera Subsidiary, Inc. (formerly known as Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.) prior to its merger with Terrapin Acquisition, Inc. a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tranzyme, Inc. The term "Tranzyme" refers to the Tranzyme, Inc. and its subsidiaries prior to the merger.

Overview
We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of novel therapeutics for patients with acute and chronic liver diseases, an area of high unmet medical need. Our lead program, OCR-002, is an ammonia scavenger, designed to treat hyperammonemia (elevated ammonia in the blood) and associated hepatic encephalopathy, or HE, a complication of patients with liver cirrhosis. OCR-002 has received Orphan Drug designation and Fast Track status from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, for the treatment of hyperammonemia and associated HE in patients with liver cirrhosis, acute liver failure and acute liver injury. We have completed Phase 1 and 2a studies in both healthy volunteers and patients with liver cirrhosis using the intravenous formulation of OCR-002. These studies established safety, tolerability and target dose for OCR-002.
In addition, OCR-002 is the subject of two ongoing, externally-sponsored Phase 2a studies. The first of these studies is evaluating OCR-002 in patients with known liver cirrhosis and elevated ammonia due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding, or UGIB. UGIB is a complication of liver cirrhosis, and often leads to acute HE. The open label phase of this study demonstrated that OCR-002 provides rapid and durable ammonia reduction within 36 hours of treatment. The second part of this study, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to measure ammonia plasma concentration and improvement in HE is currently enrolling. Data from this study is expected in 2014.
The second externally sponsored Phase 2a study is with the Acute Liver Failure Study Group (ALFSG), funded by the National Institutes of Health. The ALSFG is studying OCR-002 for the treatment of patients with acute liver injury and acute liver failure due to acetaminophen overdose. We are currently planning to initiate a Phase 2b, randomized,

14




double-blind, placebo-controlled, efficacy study of OCR-002 as a treatment for acute HE in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis. The study is expected to have approximately 200 patients, and is expected to begin in late 2013.
In addition to OCR-002, we have developed Zysa™ (AST-120) a spherical carbon adsorbent, for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. We licensed the compound from Kureha Corporation in 2005. In March 2012, Private Ocera received CE Mark for the sale of AST-120 as a medical device for the treatment of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (d-IBS) in the European Market. We are currently evaluating strategic options for the commercialization of this product.
    
Recent Developments

On July 15, 2013, Terrapin Acquisition, Inc., a Delaware corporation, or Merger Sub, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tranzyme, Inc., completed its merger, or the Merger, with and into Private Ocera. The Merger was effected pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, or the Merger Agreement), dated as of April 23, 2013, by and among Tranzyme Inc., Private Ocera and Merger Sub. Tranzyme focused on discovering, developing and commercializing novel, mechanism-based therapeutics. All of Tranzyme's drug discovery activities were based on its proprietary small molecule macrocyclic template chemistry (MATCH™) technology, which has also been successfully used to generate drug candidates in partnership with other pharmaceutical companies. MATCH enables the rapid construct of synthetic libraries of drug-like, macrocyclic compounds in a predictable and efficient manner.

Immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, the principal and interest under Private Ocera's outstanding convertible notes converted into shares of Series C preferred stock of Private Ocera. Thereafter, all outstanding preferred stock converted into the common stock of Private Ocera. At the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of Private Ocera's common stock was converted into the right to receive approximately 0.11969414 shares of Tranzyme's common stock, or the Exchange Ratio, with cash paid in lieu of any fractional shares. In addition, each outstanding option and warrant to purchase Private Ocera's common stock, prior to the effective time of the Merger, was converted into an option or warrant to purchase Tranzyme's common stock, in each case appropriately adjusted based on the Exchange Ratio.
On April 23, 2013, concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Tranzyme entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, or the Financing Agreement, with certain former Private Ocera stockholders and their affiliates. Concurrently with the execution of the Financing Agreement, Tranzyme entered into a Registration Rights Agreement that granted customary registration rights to the participants of the Financing. Pursuant to the Financing Agreement, immediately following the consummation of the Merger, the combined company sold approximately $20 million of its common stock (the "Financing") to the parties at a per share purchase price of $6.0264. We intend to use the proceeds from the Financing to help fund a Phase 2b clinical trial for our OCR-002 product candidate, for working capital and general corporate purposes.
The Merger will be accounted for as a reverse merger under the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, Private Ocera will be treated as the accounting acquiror and Tranzyme will be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes as, immediately upon completion of the Merger, Private Ocera stockholders held a majority of the voting interest of the combined company. In addition, the nine member board of directors of the combined company includes six of the former members of Private Ocera board of directors. Therefore, the former members of Private Ocera board of directors possess majority control of the board of directors of the combined company. The total purchase price for Tranzyme was approximately $13.5 million and will be allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets existing as of July 15, 2013 with any residual amount recorded as goodwill.
Immediately following the Merger, the combined company changed its name from “Tranzyme, Inc.” to “Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.” Approximately 11.3 million shares of our common stock were outstanding as of July 15, 2013 following the consummation of the Merger and the Financing.
In September 2013, we approved a restructuring plan related to Tranzyme Pharma, Inc., our Canadian subsidiary that housed our research operations. The goal of the restructuring plan is to enable us to focus management and financial resources on advancing our lead product candidate, OCR-002, in clinical trials for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy associated with chronic and acute liver diseases. We will terminate employees at the Canadian location, exit our facility and terminate certain contractual obligations. We expect to incur expenses and charges during the fourth quarter of 2013 in connection with the restructuring plan. These expenses and charges are estimated to be in the range of $2.2 million to $2.5 million, and will include, without limitation, severance and related benefit costs, asset impairment expenses, termination costs associated with contractual obligations and other liabilities.

15




The financial information included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is that of Private Ocera prior to the Merger because the Merger was consummated after the period covered by the financial statements included in this Current Report on Form 8-K. Accordingly, the historical financial information included in this Current Report on Form 8-K, unless otherwise indicated or as the context otherwise requires, is that of Private Ocera prior to the Merger.
We are a development stage company and have incurred net losses since our inception. As of December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2013, we had a deficit accumulated during the development stage of $64.0 million and $66.8 million, respectively. We recorded net losses of $2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013. We anticipate that a substantial portion of our capital resources and efforts in the foreseeable future will be focused on completing the development and obtaining regulatory approval of OCR-002.
We have devoted substantial resources towards the development of OCR-002 and AST-120, protecting and enhancing our intellectual property and providing general and administrative support for these activities. We have not generated any revenues from product sales and, to date, have funded our operations primarily through the private placement of equity securities and convertible debt. Through June 30, 2013, we have raised net cash proceeds of approximately $61.7 million from the issuance of a promissory note and the sale of convertible preferred stock and $2.9 million from the issuance of convertible debt securities. In addition, we borrowed and repaid a $4.0 million loan from a lender who provided working capital.
Substantially all our operating losses resulted from expenses incurred in connection with its development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations. We expect to incur increasing operating losses for at least the next several years when we initiate the phase 2b study of OCR-002 in acute HE and continues development of our oral formulation to treat and prevent recurrences of HE. We anticipate our expenses will increase significantly as we seek regulatory approval for our product candidates and maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio. Our expenses will further increase as a result of the hiring of financial personnel and adding operational, financial and management information systems and incurring costs associated with becoming a public company.
Financial Overview
Revenue
We are a development stage company and have generated no revenue from the sale of products since inception. We do not expect to generate any revenue from our existing product candidates unless or until we commercialize or enter into a strategic alliance for OCR-002 or AST-120.
Research and Development Expenses
Since our inception, we have focused on the development of our product candidates. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of:
salaries and related expenses for personnel, including expenses related to stock options or other stock‑based compensation granted to personnel in development functions;
fees paid to clinical trial sites and vendors, including clinical research organizations in connection with our clinical trials, costs of acquiring and evaluating clinical trial data such as investigator grants, patient screening fees, laboratory work and statistical compilation and analysis, and fees paid to clinical consultants;
expenses related to formulation development, production of clinical supplies, including fees paid to contract manufacturers;
expenses related to pre-clinical studies;
expenses related to license fees under in-licensing agreements;
other consulting fees paid to third parties;
expenses related to compliance with drug development regulatory requirements in the United States, the European Union and other foreign jurisdictions; and
depreciation, facility and other allocated expenses.

We record research and development expenses as they are incurred. We have been developing OCR-002 and AST-120 in parallel, and typically use our employees, consultants and infrastructure resources across our two programs. Thus, some of our research and development expenses are not attributable to an individual program, but rather are allocated across our two programs and these costs are included in other research and development expense as detailed below. Allocated expenses include salaries, stock based compensation and related benefit expenses for our employees, and fees

16




paid for clinical studies and contract manufacturing expenses. Included in OCR-002 research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2013 is $162,000 of proceeds from the sale of materials used in the manufacturing of OCR-002 clinical drug supply. The following table shows our research and development expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:



 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands)
2013
2012
2013
2012
 
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
OCR-002
$
141

$
140

$
21

$
375

AST-120
5

16

15

42

Other research and development expenses
219

283

398

503

Total
$
365

$
439

$
434

$
920


We expect our research and development expenses to increase when we initiate our Phase 2b trial of OCR-002 and continue development of our oral formulation to treat and prevent recurrences of HE. Due to the inherently unpredictable nature of product development, we are currently unable to estimate the expenses we will incur in the continued development of OCR-002.
Our research and development expenditures are subject to numerous uncertainties in timing and cost to completion. Development timelines, the probability of success and development expenses can differ materially from expectations. Clinical trials may be difficult to enroll given the small number of patients with certain of our target indications. Completion of clinical trials may take several years or more, but the length of time generally varies according to the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of a product candidate. The cost of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project as a result of differences arising during clinical development, including, among others:
    the number of trials required for approval;
    the number of sites included in the trials;
    the length of time required to enroll suitable patients;
    the number of patients that participate in the trials;
    the drop-out or discontinuation rates of patients;
    the duration of patient follow-up;
    the number and complexity of analyses and tests performed during the trial;
    the phase of development of the product candidate; and
    the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate.

Our expenses related to clinical trials are based on estimates of patient enrollment and related expenses at clinical investigator sites as well as estimates for the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple research institutions and contract research organizations that may be used to conduct and manage clinical trials on our behalf. We generally accrue expenses related to clinical trials based on contracted amounts applied to the level of patient enrollment and activity. If timelines or contracts are modified based upon changes in the clinical trial protocol or scope of work to be performed, we modify our estimates of accrued expenses accordingly on a prospective basis.
As a result of the uncertainties discussed above, we are unable to determine with certainty the duration and completion costs of its development programs. We will need to raise additional capital and may seek strategic alliances in the future to advance our programs.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and stock‑based compensation for employees in executive, finance, business development and support functions. Other significant expenses include the costs associated with obtaining and maintaining our patents portfolio, professional fees for accounting and legal services, travel and allocated facilities and other expenses.

17




We expect our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as we expand our operating activities, maintain and expand our patent portfolio, and incur additional costs associated with the Merger and being a public company. We expect increased expenses for legal fees, accounting fees, director and officers' liability insurance, and investor relations fees.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense) consists primarily of non-cash interest expense related to our borrowings. Interest income consists of interest earned on its cash and cash equivalents. We accounted for the convertible preferred stock warrants at fair value and recorded a warrant liability on the date of issuance. We adjusted the liability for changes in fair value of these warrants on each reporting date. In the quarter ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, we recorded a decrease of $7,000 and an increase of $63,000, respectively, in the fair value of our warrant liability. In the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, We recorded a decrease of $12,000 and an increase of $57,000, respectively, in the fair value of our warrant liability.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the revenues and expenses incurred during the reported periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments related to preclinical, nonclinical and clinical development costs and drug manufacturing costs. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We discussed accounting policies and assumptions that involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in the notes to our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2012 included as Exhibit 99.2 to this Current Report and our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Tranzyme's Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the SEC on June 10, 2013. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as disclosed in the notes to our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2012 as per Exhibit 99.2 to this Current Report.

Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended June, 2013 and 2012
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
(in thousands)
2013
 
2012
 
Change

Research and development
365

 
439

 
(74
)
General and administrative
1,652

 
464

 
1,188

Other income (expenses), net
(70
)
 
(106
)
 
(36
)
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses decreased by approximately $74,000, or 17% for the three months ended June 30, 2013 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2012. This decrease in research and development expense in 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily due to a reduction of $45,000 in payroll expense, lower consulting fees of $48,000, and a decrease in travel related expenses of $20,000. These decreases were partially offset by higher spending for OCR-002 clinical studies totaling $39,000.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $1.2 million or 256% for the three months ended June 30, 2013 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2012. The increase was mainly due to expenses incurred in 2013 related to the Merger of approximately $1.1 million, and increases in payroll expenses and patent legal fees of approximately $162,000 which was partially offset by lower travel expenditures of $21,000.

18




Other Income (Expense), Net
Interest and Other Income
Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents. The change in interest income was not significant for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.
Interest and Other Expense
Interest and other expense, net, increased by $34,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2013 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2012. This increase was the result of interest expense related to the $1.5 million of convertible notes outstanding at June 2012 compared to $3.0 million of convertible notes outstanding at June 2013.
Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability
During the three months ended June 30, 2013, we recorded a change in fair value of $7,000 of income related to our preferred stock warrants. During the three months ended June 30, 2012, we recorded a change in fair value of $2,000 of expenses related to our preferred stock warrants and $61,000 of expenses related to our common stock warrants. In connection with the convertible notes we issued in March and October 2012, our lenders received warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. The March 2012 warrants provided price protection for three months and were required to be accounted for as a liability. Upon the expiration of the price protection provision in June 2012, the fair value of the common stock warrants was reclassified to equity and we will no longer make adjustments to their valuation.
Comparison of the Six Months Ended June, 2013 and 2012
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
(in thousands)
2013
 
2012
 
Change
Research and development
434

 
920

 
(486
)
General and administrative
2,223

 
1,043

 
1,180

Other income (expenses), net
(161
)
 
(99
)
 
62

Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses decreased by approximately $486,000, or 53% for the six months ended June 30, 2013 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2012. The decrease in research and development expense in 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily due to proceeds of $162,000 from the sale of materials used in the production of OCR-002 clinical drug supply, a decrease in manufacturing spending of $59,000, a reduction of $130,000 in payroll and bonus expense, lower consulting fee of $84,000, and reduced travel expenses of $23,000.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $1.2 million or 113% for the six months ended June 30, 2013 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2012. The increase was mainly due to expenses incurred in 2013 related to the Merger of approximately $1.3 million partially offset by lower travel expense of $54,000.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Interest and Other Income
Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents. The change in interest income was not significant for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.
Interest and Other Expense
Interest and other expense, net, increased by $130,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2013 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2012. This increase was the result of interest expense related to the $1.5 million of convertible notes payable issued in March 2012 and $1.5 million of convertible notes payable issued in October 2012.

19




Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability
During the six months ended June 30, 2013, we recorded a change in fair value of $12,000 of income related to our preferred stock warrants. During the six months ended June 30, 2012, we recorded a change in fair value of $4,000 of income related to our preferred stock warrants and $61,000 of expenses related to our common stock warrants.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception in December 2004, we have raised $68.6 million to fund our operations primarily through proceeds from the sale of convertible preferred stock and the issuance of convertible and non-convertible debt. We have not generated any revenue from the sale of products. We have incurred losses and generated negative cash flows from operations since inception. From inception through June 30, 2013, we received net cash proceeds of $60.7 million from the sale of convertible preferred stock, $1.0 million from the conversion of a promissory note into our Series A Preferred Stock, $2.9 million from the issuance of convertible notes, and $4.0 million from the issuance of non-convertible notes that were subsequently repaid. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, our principal sources of liquidity were our cash and cash equivalents, which totaled $730,000 and $2.3 million, respectively.
In March 2012, we issued in aggregate principal amount of $1.5 million of convertible notes. In October 2012, we issued in aggregate principal amount $1.5 million of convertible notes. The notes bear interest at 6% per annum. The principal and accrued interest was converted into Series C Preferred Stock upon the close of the Merger.
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2013
 
2012
Net cash used in:
 
 
 
Operating activities
$
(1,591
)
 
$
(2,664
)
Investing activities
(2
)
 
250

Financing activities
20

 
1,449

Total
$
(1,573
)
 
$
(965
)
Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012
The primary use of cash in operating activities for six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was to fund operating activities related to the development of OCR-002 and the Merger activities. Cash used in operating activities for six months ended June 30, 2013 primarily related to our net loss of $2.8 million off set by an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $1.0 million and $173,000 non-cash interest and amortization of debt issuance costs associated with our outstanding convertible notes. Cash used in operating activities of $2.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 primarily related to our net loss of $2.1 million and the payment of our year end accruals related to clinical drug manufacturing of $750,000.
For the six months ended June 30, 2012, net cash provided by investing activities primarily related to the maturity of investments used to fund operations.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2013 related to proceeds from the exercise of our common stock options. Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2012 resulted from the issuance of $1.5 million of convertible notes in March 2013.
The Combined Company Following the Merger

We believe the Merger will form a leading orphan liver disease biopharmeutical company. The combined company's lead drug candidate is OCR-002, for patients with acute and chronic liver diseases, an area of high unmet medical need. OCR-002 is an ammonia scavenger designed to treat hyperammonemia (elevated ammonia in the blood) and associated HE, a complication of patients with liver cirrhosis. We licensed the compound from UCL Business PLC in 2008. OCR-002 has received Orphan Drug designation and Fast Track status from the FDA for the treatment of hyperammonemia and associated HE in patients with liver cirrhosis, acute liver failure and acute liver injury. We have completed Phase 1 and

20




2a studies in both healthy volunteers and patients with liver cirrhosis using the injectable formulation of OCR-002. These studies established safety, tolerability and target dose for OCR-002.
In addition, OCR-002 is the subject of two ongoing, externally-sponsored Phase 2a studies. The first of these studies is evaluating OCR-002 in patients with known liver cirrhosis and elevated ammonia due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding, or UGIB. UGIB is a complication of liver cirrhosis, and often leads to acute HE. The open label phase of this study demonstrated that OCR-002 provides rapid and durable ammonia reduction within 36 hours of treatment. The second part of this study, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to measure ammonia plasma concentration and improvement in HE is currently enrolling. Data from this study is expected in 2014.
The second externally sponsored Phase 2a study is with the Acute Liver Failure Study Group or the ALFSG, funded by the National Institutes of Health. The ALSFG is studying OCR-002 for the treatment of patients with acute liver injury and acute liver failure due to acetaminophen overdose. We are currently planning to initiate a Phase 2b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, efficacy study of OCR-002 as a treatment for acute hepatic encephalopathy in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis. The study is expected to have approximately 200 patients, and enrollment is expected to begin in late 2013.
In addition to OCR-002, we have developed Zysa™ (AST-120) a spherical carbon adsorbent, for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. We licensed the compound from Kureha Corporation in 2005. In March 2012, Private Ocera received CE Mark for the sale of AST-120 as a medical device for the treatment of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (d-IBS) in the European Market.
Capital Resources and Funding Requirements
We will require substantial funds to continue our research and development programs and to fulfill our planned operating goals. We expect to continue to incur substantial operating losses in the future and that our operating expenses will fluctuate as we continue to develop our clinical product candidates, pursue other strategic opportunities and operating as a public company. In particular, currently planned operating capital requirements include the need for working capital to support our research and development activities for our drug candidates that we are seeking to develop, and to fund our general and administrative costs and expenses.
Following the Merger, the use of our cash flows for operations will primarily consist of salaries and wages for our employees, our facilities and facility-related costs for our offices, laboratory facilities, fees paid in connection with clinical studies, preclinical studies, laboratory supplies, consulting fees, and legal fees. We expect that costs associated with clinical studies will increase in future periods assuming that our lead product candidate, OCR-002, advances into further stages of clinical testing and our other preclinical candidates reach clinical trials. We expect to continue to use cash in operations as we continue to seek to advance our orphan drug programs through clinical development and preclinical testing.
We expect to fund our research and development expenses from our current cash and cash equivalents, from proceeds from our $20.0 million Financing, from cost-sharing reimbursement payments received from collaboration agreements, if any, and potentially, additional financing transactions or collaboration arrangements.
 Operating losses may be incurred over the next several years as we commence the development and seek regulatory approval for OCR-002, our pre-clinical product candidates, or other product candidates. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, specific timing and estimated costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the development of our product candidates, or the period, if any, in which material net cash inflows may commence from our product candidates. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing our product candidates, including:

the progress, costs, results of and timing of future clinical trials of any of our pre-clinical product candidates;
the costs and timing of obtaining regulatory approval in the United States and abroad for our product candidates;
the costs of obtaining, maintaining and enforcing our patents and other intellectual property rights globally;
the costs and timing of obtaining or maintaining manufacturing for our product candidates, including commercial manufacturing if any of our product candidates is approved;
the costs and timing of establishing sales and marketing capabilities in selected markets; and
the terms and timing of establishing collaborations, license agreements and other partnerships on terms favorable to us.
 Our expenses related to clinical trials are based on estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple research institutions and clinical research organizations that conduct and manage

21




clinical trials on our behalf. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation and vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. Generally, these agreements provide a fixed fee or unit price for services performed. Payments under the contracts depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of patients or the achievement of clinical trial milestones. Expenses related to clinical trials generally are accrued based on services performed at contractual amounts and the achievement of milestones such as number of patients enrolled. If timelines or contracts are modified based upon changes to the clinical trial design or scope of work to be performed, we modify our estimates of accrued expenses accordingly on a prospective basis. A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a product candidate could result in a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate.
Our ability to finance ourselves will depend heavily on our ability to obtain favorable results in the ongoing clinical trials of OCR-002 and to successfully develop and commercialize OCR-002. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our anticipated operating requirements through at least the next 12 months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong resulting in the use of our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our product candidates, including our ability to enter into collaborations with third parties to participate in development and commercialization of our product candidates, we are unable to estimate the amount of increased capital required to become profitable. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

unanticipated costs in our research and development programs;
the costs of maintaining, expanding and protecting our intellectual property portfolio, including potential litigation costs and liabilities;
the number and characteristics of product candidates that we pursue;
the timing and amount of payments received under new or existing strategic collaboration agreements, if any, including upfront payments, milestone payments and royalties;
the amount of cost sharing under new or existing strategic collaboration agreements, if any; and
our ability to hire qualified employees at salary levels consistent with our estimates to support our growth and development.

Until we obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidates, if ever, we cannot generate revenues from sales of our products. Even if we are able to sell our products, we may not generate a sufficient amount of product revenues to finance our cash requirements. Accordingly, we may need to obtain additional financing in the future which may include public or private debt and equity financings, entering into product and technology collaboration agreements or licenses and asset sales. There can be no assurance that additional capital will be available when needed on acceptable terms, or at all. The issuance of equity securities may result in dilution to stockholders. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of debt securities, these securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our common stock and the terms of the debt securities could impose significant restrictions on our operations. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights to our technologies or products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If adequate funds are not available, we may have to scale back our operations or limit our research and development activities, which would have a material adverse impact on our business prospects and results of operations.





22

EX-99.2 9 exhibit992form8-ka.htm EXHIBIT 99.2 Exhibit 99.2Form8-KA
Exhibit 99.2

OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Table of Contents


1



REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (a development stage company) as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related statements of operations and comprehensive loss, convertible preferred stock and stockholders' deficit and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2012, and for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) through December 31, 2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2012, and for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) through December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has recurring losses from operations and has a net capital deficiency that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

 
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
San Diego, CA
May 6, 2013


2



Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
Balance Sheets
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
 
December 31,
 
2012
2011
Assets
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
2,303

$
3,114

Short-term investments

251

Prepaid and other current assets
100

67

Total current assets
2,403

3,432

Property and equipment, net
7

25

Other noncurrent assets

10

Total assets
2,410

3,467

Liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders' deficit
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
Accounts payable
269

869

Accrued liabilities
280

371

Convertible notes payable, net-related parties
2,908


Total current liabilities
3,457

1,240

Accrued liabilities

8

Preferred stock warrant liability
16

32

Total liabilities
3,473

1,280

Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)
 
 
Convertible preferred stock:
 
 
Series A convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 14,720,000 shares authorized, 14,500,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Liquidation preference of $14,500 at December 31, 2012 and 2011.
14,346

14,346

Series B convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 8,600,000 authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Liquidation preference of $12,040 at December 31, 2012 and 2011.
11,983

11,983

Series C convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001, 17,350,000 shares authorized and 17,339,112 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Liquidation preference of $35,521 at December 31, 2012 and 2011.
35,414

35,414

Stockholders' deficit:
 
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 53,270,000 shares authorized, 5,234,952 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively
5

5

Additional paid-in capital
1,161

803

Deficit accumulated during the development stage
(63,972
)
(60,364
)
Total stockholders' deficit
(62,806
)
(59,556
)
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders' deficit
$
2,410

$
3,467



3



Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2012
Year Ended December 31, 2011
Period from
December 20, 2004
(inception) to
December 31, 2012
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
   Research and development
$
1,642

$
3,045

$
51,013

   General and administrative
1,739

1,985

15,536

Total operating expenses
3,381

5,030

66,549

Other income (expense):
 
 
 
   Interest and other income
2

11

3,752

   Interest and other expense
(184
)

(1,231
)
Change in fair value of warrant liability
(45
)
292

56

Total other income (expense), net
(227
)
303

2,577

Net loss and comprehensive loss
$
(3,608
)
$
(4,727
)
$
(63,972
)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$
(0.69
)
$
(0.90
)
 
Weighted‑average number of shares used to compute net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted
5,234,952

5,234,952

 
See accompanying notes.


4



Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
 
Series A
Convertible
Preferred Stock
Series B
Convertible
Preferred Stock
Series C
Convertible
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Deficit
Accumulated
During the
Development
Stage
Total
Stockholders'
Deficit
 
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Balance at December 20, 2004 (inception)












Net loss










(39
)
(39
)
Balance at December 31, 2004










(39
)
(39
)
Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock for cash of $13,453 and conversion of debt and interest of $1,046, net of issuance costs of $154
14,500,000

14,346











Issuance of common stock for cash






4,800,000

5




5

Issuance of nonemployee stock options for services received








2



2

Comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized loss on short-term investments









(3
)

(3
)
Net loss










(3,440
)
(3,440
)
Balance at December 31, 2005
14,500,000

14,346





4,800,000

5

2

(3
)
(3,479
)
(3,475
)
Issuance of Series B convertible preferred stock for cash of $12,040, net of issuance costs of $57


8,600,000

11,983









Issuance of nonemployee stock options for services received








3



3

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options






168,288


7



7

Stock‑based compensation








25



25

Comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain on short-term investments









8


8

Net loss










(7,499
)
(7,499
)
Balance at December 31, 2006
14,500,000

14,346

8,600,000

11,983



4,968,288

5

37

5

(10,978
)
(10,931
)


5




Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
 
Series A
Convertible
Preferred Stock
Series B
Convertible
Preferred Stock
Series C
Convertible
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Deficit
Accumulated
During the
Development
Stage
Total
Stockholders'
Deficit
 
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Balance at December 31, 2006
14,500,000

$
14,346

8,600,000

$
11,983



4,968,288

$
5

$
37

$
5

$
(10,978
)
$
(10,931
)
Stock‑based compensation








26



26

Reclassification of repurchase liability for early exercise of stock options








5



5

Comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized loss on short-term investments









(5
)

(5
)
Net loss










(12,193
)
(12,193
)
Balance at December 31, 2007
14,500,000

14,346

8,600,000

11,983



4,968,288

5

68


(23,171
)
(23,098
)
Issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock for cash, net of issuance costs of $106




17,339,112

35,414







Stock‑based compensation








63



63

Reclassification of repurchase liability for early exercise of stock options








3



3

Comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain on short-term investments









143


143

Net loss










(9,735
)
(9,735
)
Balance at December 31, 2008
14,500,000

14,346

8,600,000

11,983

17,339,112

35,414

4,968,288

5

134

143

(32,906
)
(32,624
)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options






84,895


9



9

Repurchase of unvested stock options






(20,834
)





Stock‑based compensation








142



142

Reclassification of repurchase liability for early exercise of stock options








1



1

Comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized loss on short-term investments









(138
)

(138
)
Net loss










(13,048
)
(13,048
)
Balance at December 31, 2009
14,500,000

14,346

8,600,000

11,983

17,339,112

35,414

5,032,349

5

286

5

(45,954
)
(45,658
)


6




Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
 
Series A
Convertible
Preferred Stock
Series B
Convertible
Preferred Stock
Series C
Convertible
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Deficit
Accumulated
During the
Development
Stage
Total
Stockholders'
Deficit
 
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Balance at December 31, 2009
14,500,000

$
14,346

8,600,000

$
11,983

17,339,112

$
35,414

5,032,349

$
5

$
286

$
5

$
(45,954
)
$
(45,658
)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options






202,603


51



51

Stock‑based compensation








242



242

Comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized loss on short-term investments









(5
)

(5
)
Net loss










(9,683
)
(9,683
)
Balance at December 31, 2010
14,500,000

14,346

8,600,000

11,983

17,339,112

35,414

5,234,952

5

579


(55,637
)
(55,053
)
Stock‑based compensation








224



224

Net loss










(4,727
)
(4,727
)
Balance at December 31, 2011
14,500,000

14,346

8,600,000

11,983

17,339,112

35,414

5,234,952

5

803


(60,364
)
(59,556
)
Stock‑based compensation








154



154

Reclassification of common stock warrant liability to equity








93



93

Issuance of common stock warrants








111



111

Net loss










(3,608
)
(3,608
)
Balance at December 31, 2012
14,500,000

$
14,346

8,600,000

$
11,983

17,339,112

$
35,414

5,234,952

$
5

$
1,161

$

$
(63,972
)
$
(62,806
)
See accompanying notes.


7



Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
Statements of Cash Flows
(In Thousands)
 
Year Ended
December 31,
Period From
December 20, 2004
(inception) to
 
2012
2011
December 31, 2012
Operating activities
 
 
 
Net loss
$
(3,608
)
$
(4,727
)
$
(63,972
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
20

28

377

Stock based compensation
154

224

881

Change in valuation of warrant liability
45

(292
)
(57
)
Loss on disposal of asset


8

(Amortization of discount) accretion of premium on investment securities
1

85

(342
)
Debt discount, net and noncash interest expense
184


318

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other assets
(3
)
52

(80
)
Accounts payable
(600
)
445

269

Accrued liabilities
(192
)
(740
)
177

Net cash used in operating activities
(3,999
)
(4,925
)
(62,421
)
Investing activities
 
 
 
Purchases of property and equipment
(2
)
(2
)
(392
)
Purchases of short-term investments

(3,174
)
(142,044
)
Sale and maturities of short-term investments
250

7,125

142,386

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
248

3,949

(50
)
Financing activities
 
 
 
Proceeds from the sale of convertible preferred stock, net


60,744

Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable, net
2,940


2,940

Proceeds from note payable


4,000

Repayments of note payable


(4,000
)
Proceeds from issuance of promissory note


1,000

Proceeds from issuance of common stock


90

Net cash provided by financing activities
2,940


64,774

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(811
)
(976
)
2,303

Cash and cash equivalents-beginning of period
3,114

4,090


Cash and cash equivalents-end of period
$
2,303

$
3,114

$
2,303

Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities
 
 
 
Warrants issued in connection with notes payable
$
143


$
143

Reclassification of warrant liability to additional paid-in-capital
$
93


$
93

Issuance of options related to consulting agreement
$
7


$
13

Cash paid for interest


$
861

Conversion of promissory note and interest to equity


$
1,046

See accompanying notes.


8




Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Financial Statements
1. The Company
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (the Company or Ocera) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in December 2004. The Company is a biopharmaceutical company focused on in-licensing, developing and commercializing novel therapeutics for acute and chronic liver diseases and gastrointestinal disorders.
The Company's primary activities since incorporation have been organizational activities, including recruiting personnel, establishing office facilities, conducting research and development, including clinical trials, and raising capital. The Company has in-licensed rights to two product candidates, OCR-002 and AST-120. OCR-002 is currently in clinical testing. Since the Company has not begun principal operations of commercializing a product candidate, the Company is considered to be in the development stage.
Basis of Presentation
The Company has a limited operating history and the sales and income potential of the Company's business and market are unproven. The Company has experienced net losses each year since its inception and, as of December 31, 2012, had a deficit accumulated during the development stage of $64.0 million. The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur net losses into the foreseeable future as it continues the development and commercialization of its lead drug candidate OCR-002 and expands its corporate infrastructure. Based on the Company's operating plan, existing working capital is not sufficient to meet the cash requirements to fund planned operating expenses through December 31, 2013, without additional sources of cash. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
In April 2013, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with Tranzyme, Inc. (Tranzyme), a public biopharmaceutical company, under which Ocera will merge with a subsidiary of Tranzyme in an all-stock transaction, subject to shareholder approval. Concurrently, with the execution of the merger agreement, certain of the Company's investors committed to a $20.0 million private investment in public entity (PIPE) financing for the combined company subject to successful completion of the merger. While there is no guarantee the transaction or financing will occur, upon completion of the PIPE financing, the Company believes it will have sufficient funds to meet its operating plan through at least December 31, 2013.
These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. This basis of accounting contemplates the recovery of the Company's assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Segment Reporting
Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment operating primarily in the United States.

9



Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include money market funds and various deposit accounts.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and securities available-for-sale. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. However, management believes the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held. Additionally, the Company has established guidelines regarding diversification of its investments and their maturities, which are designed to maintain safety and liquidity.
Short-Term Investments
The Company classifies its investments as available-for-sale and records such assets at estimated fair value in the balance sheet, with unrealized gains and losses, if any, reported in stockholders' deficit. The Company invests its excess cash balances primarily in money market funds, commercial paper, and corporate and United States government agency notes.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their short maturities. The Company believes the fair value of convertible notes payable approximates its carrying value. The preferred stock warrant liability represents its estimated fair value.
Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:
Level 1-Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2-Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities
Level 3-Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012, are as follows (in thousands):

10



 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
Reporting Date Using
 
Balance as of
December 31,
2012
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
1,437

$
1,437



Total assets
$
1,437

$
1,437



Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock warrant liability(1)
$
16



$
16

Total liabilities
$
16



$
16

 
 
 
 
 

(1)
The Company estimated fair value of its preferred stock warrant liability at issuance and adjusts the carrying value each reporting period utilizing the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model based on the following significant unobservable inputs: risk-free rate of 0.08% and 0.13%; the expected dividend rates of 0%; the remaining expected life of the warrants 0.3 and 0.8 years; the expected volatility of 79% and 91% of the fair value of the underlying preferred stock. The estimates are based on subjective assumptions that could differ in the future.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2011, are as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
Reporting Date Using
 
Balance as of
December 31,
2011
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
1,584

$
1,584

$

$

Debt securities of U.S. government‑sponsored agencies
1,292


1,292


Corporate debt securities
450


450


Total assets
$
3,326

$
1,584

$
1,742


Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock warrant liability(1)
$
32



$
32

Total liabilities
$
32

$

$

$
32


(1)
The Company estimated fair value of its preferred stock warrant liability at issuance and adjusts the carrying value each reporting period utilizing the Black Scholes option pricing model based on the following significant unobservable inputs: risk-free rate of 0.18% and 0.24%; the expected dividend rates 0%; the remaining expected life of the warrants of 1.3 and 1.8 years; the expected volatility of 83% and 78% of the fair value of the underlying preferred stock. The estimates are based on subjective assumptions that could differ in the future.
The following table provides the change in the fair value of Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands).

11



 
Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability
Common Stock Warrant Liability
Total Warrant Liability
Balance at December 31, 2010
$
324

$

$
324

Change in fair value included in other income (expense), net
(292
)

(292
)
Balance at December 31, 2011
32


32

Issuance of warrant liability

32

32

Change in fair value included in other income (expense), net
(16
)
61

45

Adjustment for change in classification from liability to additional paid-in capital

(93
)
(93
)
Balance at December 31, 2012
$
16

$

$
16


Debt Issuance Costs, Net
Debt issuance costs, net, represent legal and other direct costs related to the Company's convertible promissory notes. These costs are recorded as an asset on the accompanying balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense utilizing the effective interest method through the earliest date at which the Company can be required to repay the notes.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life for leasehold improvements. Useful lives generally range from three to five years.
Long‑Lived Assets
The Company reviews its property, equipment and long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset class may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the future net undiscounted cash flows that the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are considered impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value determined using projected discounted future net cash flows arising from the assets.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. For in-licensed technology research and development, costs are charged to expense until technological feasibility has been established for the product. Once technological feasibility is established, all product costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. The Company has determined that technological feasibility for its product candidates is reached when the requisite regulatory approvals are obtained to make the product available for sale.
The Company's research and development expenses consist primarily of license fees, salaries and related employee benefits, costs associated with clinical trials, manufacturing control, quality assurance, medical affairs and regulatory activities. The Company uses external service providers and vendors to conduct clinical trials and to provide various other research and development and manufacturing related products and services.
Clinical Trial Accruals
The Company's clinical trial accruals are based on estimates of patient enrollment and related costs at clinical investigator sites as well as estimates for the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple research institutions and clinical research organizations that conduct and manage clinical trials on the Company's behalf. The Company accrues expenses related to clinical trials based on contracted amounts applied to the level of patient enrollment and activity according to the protocol. If timelines or contracts are modified based upon changes in the clinical trial protocol or scope of work to be performed, the Company modifies the estimates of accrued expenses accordingly. To date, the Company has had no significant adjustments to accrued clinical trial expenses.

12



Patent Costs
Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are expensed as incurred within general and administrative expenses as recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain.
Warrants for Convertible Preferred Stock
The Company classifies warrants for convertible preferred stock as liabilities on the balance sheet. The Company adjusts the carrying value of these convertible preferred stock warrants to their estimated fair value at each reporting date with the increases or decreases in the fair value of such warrants recorded as change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
Warrants for Common Stock
The Company's warrants issued in March 2012 in conjunction with the issuance of the convertible bridge financing allowed for price protection for three months from the issuance date, or June 30, 2012. As a result of this provision, the warrants were required to be accounted for as a liability. Upon the expiration of the provision on June 30, 2012, the fair market value of the warrants was reclassified to additional paid-in capital.
Income Taxes
Under Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 740 (ASC 740), Income Taxes, the Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and the tax reporting basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is established to reduce a deferred tax asset to the amount that is expected more likely than not to be realized.
The Company also recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position if it is “more likely than not” that the position is sustainable based solely on its technical merits. As of December 31, 2012, there are no unrecognized tax benefits included in the balance sheet that would, if recognized, affect the Company's effective tax rate. The Company has not recognized interest and penalties in the balance sheets or statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company is subject to taxation in U.S. and state jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2012, the Company's tax years beginning 2004 to date are subject to examination by taxing authorities.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The Company has applied authoritative literature which requires that all components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), be reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized.
Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from nonowner sources. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), and unrealized gains and losses on investments, shall be reported, net of their related tax effect, to arrive at comprehensive income (loss).
Stock‑Based Compensation
Stock‑based compensation is recognized as an expense in the financial statements based on the grant date fair value. For awards that vest based on service conditions, the Company uses the straight-line method to allocate compensation expense to reporting periods. For performance‑based stock options, the Company begins to recognize the expense when it is deemed probable that the performance‑based goal will be met. The Company evaluates the probability of achieving performance‑based goals at each reporting date.
The Company measures the grant date fair value of options granted using the Black‑Scholes option pricing model, which requires the use of subjective assumptions including volatility, expected term and the fair value of the underlying common stock, among others.
The following table summarizes the average estimates the Company used in the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2012, to determine the fair value of stock options granted during each period.

13



 
December 31, 2012
December 31, 2011
Period From
December 20, 2004
(inception) to
December 31, 2012
Risk-free interest rates
0.95% ‑ 1.11%
1.99%
0.95% ‑ 5.00%
Expected life in years
6.25
6.25
6.25
Expected dividend yield
Expected volatility
92% ‑ 109%
92%
67% ‑ 109%
The fair value of each grant of stock options was determined by the Company using the methods and assumptions discussed below. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment to determine.
Expected Term-The expected term of stock options represents the weighted‑average period the stock options are expected to be outstanding. The Company has opted to use the simplified method for estimating the expected term as provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the average time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options. The Company's expected term for employee stock options is estimated to be 6.25 years.
Expected Volatility-The expected stock price volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities of a group of industry peers. The Company will continue to analyze the historical stock price volatility and expected term assumptions as more historical data for the Company's common stock becomes available.
Risk-Free Interest Rate-The risk-free rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments the terms of which were consistent with the expected term of the Company's stock options.
Expected Dividend-The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company's history and expectation of dividend payouts.
Forfeiture Rate-ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience.
The Company may elect to use different assumptions under the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model in the future. Future expense amounts for any particular period could be affected by changes in the Company's assumptions. Authoritative literature provides that it is reasonable for a company to continue to use the simplified method of determining the expected option term when a company has insufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis to estimate the expected option term. The Company expects to continue to use the simplified method for determining its expected employee option term because there is a limited amount of historical exercise data from which to form a reasonable basis to estimate the expected term of the Company's stock options. The Company's expected term for employee stock options is estimated to be 6.25 years. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had $97,000 of unrecognized stock‑based compensation costs which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.98 years.
The Company records equity instruments issued to nonemployees as expense at their fair value over the related service period and the Company periodically revalues them each reporting period over the vesting term.
Historically, the fair value of the Company's common stock has been determined contemporaneously by the Company's board of directors on the date of grant. At the time of the issuances of stock options, the Company believed its estimates of the fair value of its common stock were reasonable and consistent with methods outlined in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately-Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, and the Company's understanding of how similarly situated companies in its industry were valued. In February 2013, the Company commenced a process to potentially merge with a public company. In connection with the preparation of the financial statements for fiscal years 2012 and 2011, and in contemplation of a potential merger with a public company, the Company reassessed the estimated fair value of its common stock for financial reporting purposes. The reassessment included both the determination of the appropriate valuation models and related inputs. The reassessed fair value of the Company's common stock as of December 31, 2011, was estimated to be $0.17 per share, an increase of $0.09 per share from the $0.08 and as of December 31, 2012, was estimated to be $0.22 per share, an increase of $0.14 per share from the $0.08 determined in good faith by the Company's board of directors. Given the anticipated timing of a liquidity event, the Company utilized the option pricing method in 2011 and for each of the interim periods as of March 31, June 30, and September 30, 2012, and a

14



hybrid method at December 31, 2012, which incorporates the use of both the option pricing method and the current value method. The current value method reflects a potential liquidity event associated with a merger with a public company.
Net Loss Per Common Share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted‑average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted‑average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury‑stock method. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company's net loss position.
The following table presents the computation of net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share data):
 
Year Ended December 31
 
2012
2011
Numerator
 
 
Net loss
$
(3,608
)
$
(4,727
)
Denominator
 
 
Weighted‑average common shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted
5,234,952

5,234,952

 
 
 
Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$
(0.69
)
$
(0.90
)
Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common equivalent shares):
 
Year Ended December 31
 
2012
2011
Convertible preferred stock
40,439,112

40,439,112

Convertible preferred stock warrants
220,000

220,000

Common stock warrants
1,098,322


Common stock options
5,787,333

5,046,078

Total
47,544,767

45,705,190

In addition to the potentially dilutive securities noted above, the Company has $3,000,000 in principal of outstanding convertible notes payable and $92,000 in accrued interest at December 31, 2012, that are convertible into convertible preferred stock upon the occurrence of various future financing events at prices that are not determinable until the occurrence of the future events (Note 4). As such, the Company has excluded these convertible notes payable from the table above.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2011, a new accounting standard was issued that changed the disclosure requirements for the presentation of other comprehensive income, or OCI, in the financial statements, including the elimination of the option to present OCI in the Company's statements of stockholders' equity (deficit). The Company has elected to present OCI and its components for both interim and annual periods in a single statement which is the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. This standard was adopted as of January 1, 2012, and the retrospective application of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2012, the Company prospectively adopted FASB's ASU No. 2011-04, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)-Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS”. The amendments in ASU 2011-04 result in common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). Consequently, the amendments change the wording used to describe many of the requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after

15



December 15, 2011. The adoption of ASU No. 2011-04 did not have a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated subsequent events occurring between the end of the most recent fiscal year and May 6, 2013, the date the financial statements were available to be issued.
3. Balance Sheet Details
Short-Term Investments
The following table summarizes the Company's short-term investments as of December 31, 2011 (in thousands). There were no short-term investments at December 31, 2012.
 
Maturity
(in Years)
Amortized
Cost
Unrealized Gains
Unrealized Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
As of December 31, 2011
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities of U.S. government‑sponsored agencies
1 or less
$
251



$
251

Total
 
$
251



$
251

Realized gains and losses are calculated on the specific identification method and recorded as interest income. Realized gains and losses were not material for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2012.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consisted of (in thousands):
 
 
December 31
 
Useful Lives
2012
2011
Computer equipment and software
1.5 to 3 years
$
135

$
133

Office furniture and equipment
5 years
128

128

Leasehold improvements
4 years
69

69

 
 
332

330

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
(325
)
(305
)
 
 
$
7

$
25

Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consisted of (in thousands):
 
December 31
 
2012
2011
Accrued compensation
$
123

$
216

Accrued interest
92


Accrued clinical trials
10

43

Accrued manufacturing expenses
31

54

Other accrued liabilities
24

58

Total
$
280

$
371


16



4. Commitments
Convertible Notes Payable
In March 2012, the Company entered into a convertible note and warrant purchase agreement with existing investors. The Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $1,500,000 of convertible notes in an initial closing in March 2012 (March 2012 Notes). The March 2012 Notes had an interest rate of 6% per annum and have a maturity date of the earlier of (i) March 30, 2013, (ii) a change of control, or (iii) an event of default. The notes cannot be prepaid without the prior written consent of the holders of at least 67% of the principal amount outstanding under all notes issued. The principal and interest is automatically converted on or before the earlier of the maturity date or the execution of certain strategic transactions upon (i) the sale of equity security that includes new investor(s) who purchase at least one-third of the total number of shares sold in such financing, referred to as a qualified financing or (ii) if prior to a qualified financing, the sale of equity security that does not include new investor(s), referred to as a nonqualifying financing, at the lowest purchase price at which such securities are sold. The principal and interest is automatically converted upon the execution of certain strategic transactions prior to (i) March 30, 2013, or (ii) the earlier of the sale of equity in a qualified or nonqualified financing, into shares of the Company's Series C convertible preferred stock at $2.04858 per share. In the event of a change of control occurring before March 30, 2013, or the completion of a qualified financing, a nonqualified financing, or a strategic transaction, the lenders can convert the principal and accrued interest into shares of Series C convertible preferred stock or be paid in cash. In March 2013, the Company amended the March 2012 Notes to extend the maturity date to October 1, 2013.
In connection with the March 2012 Notes, the lenders received warrants for the purchase of the Company's common stock at $0.08 per share and equal to (i) 30% of the principal amount of the lender's note divided by the lower of the price of the Series C convertible preferred stock or the equity security sold in a qualified or nonqualified financing should the Company enter into certain strategic transactions, referred to as the Special Condition, by June 2012 or (ii) 75% of the principal amount of the lender's note divided by the lower of the Series C convertible preferred stock or the equity sold in a qualified or nonqualified financing if the Special Condition is not met.
In October 2012, the Company issued an aggregate amount of $1,500,000 of convertible notes in a second closing with existing investors (October 2012 Notes). The October 2012 Notes had an interest rate of 6% per annum and have a maturity date of the earlier of (i) October 1, 2013, (ii) a change of control, or (iii) an event of default. The notes convert under the same terms as the March 2012 Notes but are based on the October 1, 2013, maturity date. The notes cannot be prepaid without the prior written consent of the holders of at least 67% of the principal amount outstanding under all notes issued.
In connection with the March 2012 Notes, the lenders received warrants to purchase an aggregate of 219,666 shares of the Company's common stock. Upon the expiration of the anti-dilution protection of the March 2012 notes payable on June 30, 2012, the Company issued an additional 329,495 common stock warrants. The March warrants have a seven-year term expiring on March 30, 2019. In connection with the October 2012 notes, the lenders received warrants to purchase 549,161 shares of the Company's common stock. The October Notes have a seven-year term expiring on October 1, 2019. The common warrants are immediately exercisable at $0.08 per share.
The Company recorded an aggregate of $184,000 of non-cash interest expense and amortization of debt discount related to the convertible notes payable for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Common and Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants
Common Stock Warrants
The fair value of the March 2012 common stock warrants was determined to be $32,000 upon issuance. The fair value was recorded as a debt discount and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the March 2012 Notes.
The Company concluded that the March 2012 warrants were a derivative instrument as a result of anti-dilution protection included within the instrument. The March 2012 warrants were required to be recorded at fair value upon issuance and re-measured at each reporting period. The change in fair value of the warrant liability in the amount of $61,000 was recorded in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Upon the expiration of the anti-dilution protection in June 2012, the Company classified the fair value of $93,000 to additional paid-in capital. On the date of issuance and in subsequent re-measurements, the Company determined the fair value of the March 2012 warrants by allocating the Company equity value using an option‑pricing model. The Company's equity value was allocated among the various convertible debt and equity classes expected to be outstanding at the liquidity events based on the rights and preferences of each class.

17



The relative fair value of the October 2012 common stock warrants as of the date of issuance was determined to be $111,000, which was recorded as a debt discount and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the October 2012 Notes.
The Company accounts for the October 2012 common stock warrants based on their relative fair value as compared to the convertible notes payable and recorded them as equity on the date of issuance. Because the October 2012 common stock warrants meet the requirements for equity classification, the Company is not required to re-measure the fair value of the warrants subsequent to the date of issuance.
Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants
In March 2006, the Company entered into a $4,000,000 loan and security agreement with a lender to provide capital to the Company. The loan balance was fully repaid in November 2009. As consideration for the loan and security agreement, the lender received warrants to purchase 220,000 shares of Series A preferred stock at $1.00 per share. The warrants are immediately exercisable with seven-year terms which will expire on April 24, 2013 and November 1, 2013. On April 24, 2013, warrants for the purchase of 110,000 shares of Series A preferred stock expired. The fair value of the warrants was recorded as debt discount which was being amortized as interest expense over the term of the loan.
The Company adjusts the carrying value of warrants for shares in equity instruments to be classified outside permanent equity to their estimated fair value at each reporting date. Increases or decreases in the fair value of such warrants are recorded as a change in fair value of the warrant liability in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2012, change in fair value of warrant liability in the amount of $16,000, $292,000, and $118,000, respectively, was recorded for the change in the valuation of the warrants.
The following table summarizes the outstanding convertible preferred and common stock warrants and the corresponding exercise price as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:
 
Number of Shares
Outstanding
December 31
 
 
2012
2011
Per Share Exercise Price
April 24, 2006 preferred stock warrants
110,000

110,000

$
1.00

November 1, 2006 preferred stock warrants
110,000

110,000

1.00

March 30, 2012 common stock warrants
219,666


0.08

June 30, 2012 common stock warrants
329,495


0.08

October 1, 2012 common stock warrants
549,161


0.08

Total
1,318,322

220,000

 
Leases
In March 2006, the Company entered into agreements to lease its facilities and certain equipment under noncancelable operating leases. In March 2008, the Company amended its facility lease to include additional square footage. The initial term of the facility lease was four years. In October 2009, the Company extended the term of the facility lease for 39 months. The amended lease provides an option to extend the lease for one three-year period. In March 2013, the Company extended the term of the facility lease for three months. Provisions of the facilities lease provide for abatement of rent during certain periods and escalating rent payments during the original and extended lease terms. Rent expense is being recorded on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease.

18



Rent expense was $145,000, $140,000, and $1,126,000 for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the period from December 20, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2012, respectively. The facility lease required a security deposit in the amount of $10,346. Annual future minimum lease payments are as follows (in thousands):
Year ending December 31, 2013:
$
109

Total
$
109

5. License Agreements and Acquired Development and Commercialization Rights
In July 2004, the Company in-licensed from Kureha the technology and exclusive development and commercialization rights to its AST-120 product candidate for the treatment of liver and gastrointestinal disease for the territories of North America and Europe. As consideration for the license, the Company paid a $1,500,000 up-front fee which was recorded as an expense of acquired in-process technology included in research and development expense in the accompanying statement of operations. In March 2008, the Company amended the license agreement to expand the licensed territory to include all territories other than certain Asian countries, in exchange for consideration of $500,000, which was expensed. Kureha shall receive a fixed percentage of any payment the Company may receive for sublicensed rights in the countries associated with the expanded territory. Under these agreements, the Company may also be required to make future milestone payments upon the achievement of various milestones related to regulatory or commercial events for its first indications in gastrointestinal diseases. The Company may be required to pay incremental milestone payments for up to three additional indications. The Company is also obligated to pay a royalty on future net sales (as defined) of the licensed products and has the right to grant sublicenses to third parties and affiliates. The Company initiated clinical trials for the licensed product but does not expect FDA approval in the near term. Accordingly, all payments related to the Kureha agreement have been recorded as research and development expense.
In March 2012, the Company received CE Mark for the sale of AST-120 as a medical device for the treatment of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the European Market. In April 2012, the Company amended the license agreement to include the development and commercialization of AST-120 as a medical device for IBS in European countries. Under this agreement, the Company may be required to make milestone payments based on future commercial milestones and net sales.
In December 2008, the Company entered into a license agreement with UCL Business PLC for worldwide rights to develop and commercialize its OCR-002 product candidate and related technologies for any use. The agreement was amended in July 2011 and February 2013. As consideration for the license, the Company paid a $1,000,000 up-front fee which was recorded as an expense for acquired in-process technology included in research and development expense in the accompanying statement of operations. Under this agreement, the Company may also be required to make future milestone payments totaling up to $17,000,000 upon the achievement of various milestones related to regulatory or commercial events for its first two indications. The Company may be required to pay incremental milestone payments for one additional dosage form. The Company is also obligated to pay a royalty on future net sales of the licensed product and has the right to grant sublicenses to third parties and affiliates. The Company began clinical studies for the licensed product and does not expect FDA approval in the near term. Accordingly, all payments due under this agreement have been recorded as research and development expense.
Patent Assignment Agreement
In December 2011, the Company entered into a Patent Assignment Agreement with an individual. As consideration for the agreement, the Company issued an option for the purchase of 30,000 shares of the Company's common stock at $0.08 per share. The shares were fully vested on the date of grant and the Company recognized consulting expenses of $5,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011. The Company may also be required to make future payments totaling up to $169,000 upon the achievement of certain business milestones.
Research Agreement
In February 2009, the Company entered into a Collaborative Research Agreement with UCL Business PLC and the University College of London to conduct certain research and development activities for an initial 18-month term in exchange for payments totaling $150,000.

19



6. Stockholders' Deficit
Convertible Preferred Stock
The Company's convertible preferred stock has been classified as temporary equity on the accompanying balance sheets instead of in stockholders' equity (deficit) in accordance with authoritative guidance for the classification and measurement of redeemable securities. Upon certain change in control events that are outside of our control, including liquidation, sale or transfer of control of the Company, holders of the convertible preferred stock can cause its redemption.
In September 2005, the Company issued 14,500,000 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock at $1.00 per share raising cash proceeds of $13,454,000. Additionally, the Company converted promissory notes with a principal and accrued interest balance of $1,046,000to Series A convertible preferred stock.
In June 2006, the Company issued 8,600,000 shares of Series B convertible preferred stock at $1.40 per share for net cash proceeds of $11,983,000.
In January and February 2008, the Company issued 17,339,112 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock at $2.04858 per share for net cash proceeds of $35,414,000.
Conversion Rights-At the option of the holder, the Series A, Series B and Series C preferred shares are convertible into common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment for anti- dilution. Each share of preferred stock will automatically convert into shares of common stock, at the then effective applicable conversion rate upon the earlier of: (i) the closing of an underwritten public offering of common stock in which the Company receives net proceeds of not less than $50,000,000 at a price of at least $6.15 per share (subject to certain adjustments) or (ii) the consent of at least 67% of the then outstanding holders of the Series A, Series B and Series C preferred stock voting together as a separate class.
Dividend Provisions-Prior and in preference to any declaration or payment of any dividends to the holders of shares of common stock, the holders of Series A, Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock are entitled to noncumulative dividends at the rate of 8% per annum when and if declared by the Company's Board of Directors out of legally available funds. No dividends have been declared to date.
Liquidation Preference-In the event of any liquidation or winding up of the Company, the holders of the Series A, Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock shall be entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis, prior and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets or surplus funds to the holders of common stock, an amount equal to the applicable Series A, Series B and Series C purchase price per share for each share of Series A, Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock then held, plus an amount equal to any dividends declared but unpaid on such shares. Any remaining assets of the Company shall be distributed ratably to the holders of common stock on an as-converted basis until such time as the holders of the Series A, Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock have received aggregate payments equal to three times the aggregate amount of the purchase price with the balance then distributed ratably to the holders of the common stock.
The Company initially recorded each series of convertible preferred stock at their fair values on the dates of issuance, net of issuance costs. A liquidation event will only occur upon the liquidation or winding up of the Company, a greater than 51% change of control or sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company. As the liquidation event is outside the control of the Company, all shares of convertible preferred stock have been presented outside of permanent equity in accordance with accounting guidance for redeemable securities. Further, the Company has also elected not to adjust the carrying values of the convertible preferred stock to the redemption value of such shares, since it is uncertain whether or when a redemption event will occur. Subsequent adjustments to increase the carrying values will be made when it becomes probable that such redemption will occur.
Common Stock
In June 2005, the Company issued 4,800,000 shares of common stock at $0.001 per share to its founders in exchange for cash proceeds of $5,000. Of the common shares issued to the Company's founders, 3,200,000 are not subject to vesting and shares totaling 1,600,000 vested over four years. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, all shares were vested.
Stock Options
In 2005, the Company adopted the Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. 2005 Stock Plan (the Plan). The Plan, as amended, authorizes the Company to issue up to 6,550,000 shares of common stock options to its employees, directors and consultants.

20



The exercise price of nonqualified and incentive stock options shall not be less than 85% and 100% of the fair value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant, respectively.
In June 2012, the Company issued 515,091 shares of common stock options to an executive. One-half of the stock options vest monthly over a one-year period from the vesting commencement date. The remainder of the stock options are performance‑based and will vest, if at all, upon the closing of certain strategic or financing transactions. At December 31, 2012, the performance condition was not considered probable of occurring and accordingly, no stock compensation expense has been recognized for the performance‑based portion of the stock option grant. In April 2013, the terms of the stock option agreement were modified to further define the meaning of strategic or financing transactions. The modification did not have an impact on stock‑based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2012.
The Company's results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, included stock‑based compensation expense related to employees of $154,000 and $224,000, respectively. Since December 20, 2004 (inception), the Company has incurred $881,000 of stock‑based compensation expense.
The Company recognized stock‑based compensation expense as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2012
2011
Research and development
$
27,000

$
69,000

General and administrative
127,000

155,000

 
$
154,000

$
224,000

At December 31, 2012, a total of 327,715 shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the Plan. A summary of the Company's stock option activity under the Plan and related information are as follows:
 
 
Outstanding Options
 
Number of
Shares
Available
for Grant
Number of
Shares
Underlying
Outstanding
Options
Weighted‑
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share
Shares reserved at inception of the Plan
3,200,000



Options granted
(630,784
)
630,784

0.10

Balances at December 31, 2005
2,569,216

630,784

0.10

Additional shares authorized
1,000,000



Options granted
(1,406,250
)
1,406,250

0.11

Options canceled
2,000

(2,000
)
0.11

Options exercised

(168,288
)
0.11


21




 
 
Outstanding Options
 
Number of
Shares
Available
for Grant
Number of
Shares
Underlying
Outstanding
Options
Weighted‑
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share
Balances at December 31, 2006
2,164,966

1,866,746

$
0.11

Options granted
(641,175
)
641,175

0.15

Options canceled
620,000

(620,000
)
0.11

Balances at December 31, 2007
2,143,791

1,887,921

0.12

Additional shares authorized
1,850,000



Options granted
(1,459,687
)
1,459,687

0.29

Options canceled
20,000

(20,000
)
0.15

Balances at December 31, 2008
2,554,104

3,327,608

0.19

Options granted
(1,510,000
)
1,510,000

0.22

Options canceled
283,336

(283,336
)
0.22

Options repurchased

20,834

0.11

Options exercised

(84,895
)
0.11

Balances at December 31, 2009
1,327,440

4,490,211

 
Options granted
(1,197,071
)
1,197,071

0.22

Options canceled
458,167

(458,167
)
0.19

Options exercised

(202,603
)
0.25

Balances at December 31, 2010
588,536

5,026,512

0.21

Options granted
(777,588
)
777,588

0.08

Options canceled
758,022

(758,022
)
0.20

Balances at December 31, 2011
568,970

5,046,078

0.19

Additional shares authorized
500,000



Options granted
(856,449
)
856,449

0.08

Options canceled
115,194

(115,194
)
0.22

Balances at December 31, 2012
327,715

5,787,333

$
0.17

The Company's stock options generally vest over one to four years and have a ten-year term. The Company's stock options are exercisable in advance of becoming vested. Any unvested shares obtained from the early exercise of stock options are subject to repurchase by the Company, at its option, in the event of termination or separation of services at the original exercise price. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, options for 5,787,333 and5,046,078 shares were exercisable,5,181,098 and 4,249,026 shares were vested, and no shares were subject to repurchase, respectively.
The following table summarizes stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2012 (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts):

22



Options Outstanding
Options Vested
Exercise Price
Number
Outstanding
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Weighted‑
Average
Remaining
Life (in Years)
Number
Outstanding
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
$0.08
1,504,558

$
211

8.90

978,031

$
137

$0.10
460,246

55

2.70

460,246

55

$0.11
525,000

58

3.10

525,000

58

$0.15
630,800

44

4.00

630,800

44

$0.22
1,606,667


6.70

1,526,959


$0.30
1,060,062


5.60

1,060,062


 
5,787,333

$
368

6.14

5,181,098

$
294

The intrinsic values of outstanding, vested and exercisable options were determined by multiplying the numbers of shares by the difference between the exercise price of the options and the fair value of the common stock as of December 31, 2012, of $0.22 per share.
The following table summarizes stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2011 (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts):
Options Outstanding
Options Vested
Exercise Price
Number
Outstanding
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Weighted‑
Average
Remaining
Life (in Years)
Number
Outstanding
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
$0.08
650,207

$
59

9.50

502,707

$
45

$0.10
460,246

32

3.70

460,246

32

$0.11
525,000

32

4.10

525,000

32

$0.15
632,050

13

5.00

632,050

13

$0.22
1,718,213


7.70

1,197,880


$0.30
1,060,362


6.60

931,143


 
5,046,078

$
136

6.62

4,249,026

$
122

The intrinsic values of outstanding, vested and exercisable options were determined by multiplying the numbers of shares by the difference between the exercise price of the options and the fair value of the common stock as of December 31, 2011, of $0.17 per share.
Shares Reserved For Future Issuance
The following shares of common stock are reserved for future issuance at December 31, 2012:
Conversion of preferred stock
40,439,112

Preferred warrants outstanding
220,000

Common stock warrants outstanding
1,098,322

Common stock options granted and outstanding
5,787,333

Common stock options reserved for future issuance
327,715

 
47,872,482


23



In April 2013, the Company approved an increase to the authorized number of shares of Series C preferred stock to 18,922,000 shares from 17,399,112.
The Company has $3,000,000 in principal and $92,000 of accrued interest on outstanding convertible notes payable at December 31, 2012, that are convertible into Series C preferred stock upon occurrence of future financing events at prices that are not determinable until the occurrence of the future events (see Note 4). As such, the Company has excluded these convertible notes payable from the above table.
7. Income Taxes
The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position if it is “more likely than not” that the position is sustainable based solely on its technical merits. There are no unrecognized tax benefits included in the Company's balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2011.
The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and state jurisdictions. Currently, no historical years are under examination. The Company's tax years from inception are subject to examination by the U.S. and state taxing authorities due to the carryforward of unutilized net operating losses and research and development credits.
Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Sections 382 and 383, annual use of the Company's net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards may be limited in the event a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50% occurs within a three-year period. The Company has not completed an IRC Section 382/383 analysis regarding the limitation of net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards. Until this analysis has been completed, the Company has removed the estimated deferred tax assets for net operating losses of approximately $23,800,000 and research and development credits of approximately $4,300,000 generated through 2012 from its deferred tax assets, and has recorded a corresponding decrease to its valuation allowance. When this analysis is finalized, the Company plans to update its unrecognized tax benefits accordingly. The Company expects this analysis to be completed within the next 12 months. Due to the existence of the valuation allowance, future changes in the Company's unrecognized tax benefits will not impact the Company's effective tax rate.
The Company has reported net losses for all periods through December 31, 2012, therefore, no provision for income taxes has been recorded.
The following table provides a reconciliation between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate of 34% and our provision for income taxes (in thousands):
 
2012
2011
Income tax (benefit) at statutory rate
$
(1,227
)
$
(1,607
)
State income tax, net of federal benefit
(282
)
(418
)
Permanent items
238

193

Research credits
(44
)
(227
)
Remove tax benefit of net operating losses and tax credits
1,321

2,057

Rate change

2

Other

1

Valuation allowance
(6
)
(1
)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes


Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets at December 31, 2012 and 2011, are shown below (in thousands):

24



 
2012
2011
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
Compensation
$
89

$
85

Other, net
10

20

Total deferred tax assets
99

105

Valuation allowance
(99
)
(105
)
 


Based on the weight of available evidence, the Company's management has determined that it is not more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be realized. Therefore, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets.
The gross deferred tax assets and the valuation allowance shown above represent the items that reduce the income tax benefit that would result from applying the federal and state statutory tax rate to the pre-tax loss and cause no income tax expense or benefit to be recorded for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
As of December 31, 2012, the Company has federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $59,761,000 and $59,295,000, respectively. The federal and state loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2024 and 2014, respectively, unless previously utilized. The Company also has federal and state research credit carryforwards of approximately $2,885,000 and $2,211,000, respectively. The federal research credit carryforward will begin expiring in 2025 unless previously utilized. The state research credit will carry forward indefinitely.
There was no interest or penalties accrued through December 31, 2012. The Company's policy is to recognize any interest or penalties in income tax expense.
The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which reinstated the United States federal research and development tax credit retroactively from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2013, was not enacted into law until the first quarter of 2013. The law change will have no impact on the 2013 financial statements due to the valuation allowance placed against the Company's net deferred tax assets.
8. Employee Benefit Plan
In December 2005, the Company established a 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees. Employees may contribute up to 100% of their compensation per year (subject to a maximum limit prescribed by federal tax law). The Company may elect to make a discretionary contribution or match a discretionary percentage of employee contributions. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the period from December 22, 2004 (inception) through December 31,2012, the Company had not elected to make any contributions to the plan.


25
EX-99.3 10 exhibit993form8-ka.htm EXHIBIT 99.3 Exhibit 99.3Form8-KA
Exhibit 99.3

OCERA THERAPEUTICS, INC.
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Table of Contents


1

Exhibit 99.3

Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On July 15, 2013, Terrapin Acquisition, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Tranzyme, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Tranzyme”), completed its merger (the “Merger”) with and into Ocera Therapeutics, Inc., a private Delaware corporation (“Private Ocera”). The Merger was effected pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of April 23, 2013, by and among Tranzyme, Private Ocera and Merger Sub. In connection with the Merger, the combined company changed its name to Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. and the name of Private Ocera was changed to Ocera Subsidiary, Inc.
The following unaudited pro forma combined financial data is intended to show how the Merger might have affected historical financial statements if the Merger had been completed on January 1, 2012 for the purpose of the statement of operations and comprehensive loss, June 30, 2013 for the purposes of the balance sheet, and was prepared based on the historical financial results reported by Private Ocera and Tranzyme. The following should be read in conjunction with the audited and unaudited historical financial statements of Private Ocera and the notes thereto, and the sections entitled “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, with respect to Private Ocera, contained in Exhibit 99.1 and Exhibit 99.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K/A and Tranzyme's Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on June 10, 2013, and the audited and unaudited historical financial statements of Tranzyme and the notes thereto, and the sections entitled “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, contained in its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2013 and its Quarterly Report on 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 filed with the SEC on August 14, 2013. The following information incorporates the 12 for 1 reverse stock split of Tranzyme's common stock completed prior to the Merger on July 15, 2013.

The Merger will be accounted for as a reverse merger under the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, Private Ocera will be treated as the accounting acquiror and Tranzyme will be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes as, immediately upon completion of the Merger, Private Ocera stockholders held a majority of the voting interest of the combined company. In addition, the nine member board of directors of the combined company includes six of the former members of the Private Ocera board of directors. Therefore, the former members of Private Ocera board of directors possess majority control of the board of directors of the combined company.
The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements were prepared in accordance with the regulations of the SEC. The pro forma adjustments reflecting the completion of the Merger are based upon the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with GAAP, and upon the assumptions set forth in the notes to the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements.
In September 2013, the combined company approved a restructuring plan related to the operations of the former Tranzyme’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Tranzyme Pharma, Inc. In connection with the restructuring, the Company will terminate employees at the Canadian location, exit its facility and terminate certain contractual obligations. The Company expects to incur expenses and charges during the fourth quarter of 2013 in connection with the restructuring plan. These expenses and charges are estimated to be in the range of $2.2 to $2.5 million and will include, without limitation, severance and related benefit costs, asset impairment expenses, termination costs associated with contractual obligations, and other liabilities. The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements do not include the expenses and charges associated with the restructuring plan.
The unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2013 combines the historical balance sheets of Private Ocera and Tranzyme as of June 30, 2013 and gives pro forma effect to the Merger as if it had been completed on June 30, 2013.
The unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013 combine the unaudited historical statements of operations and comprehensive loss of Private Ocera and Tranzyme for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2013 and gives pro forma effect to the Merger as if it had been completed on January 1, 2012. The unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2012 combine the historical statements of operations and comprehensive loss of Private Ocera and Tranzyme for their respective twelve months ended December 31, 2012 and gives pro forma effect to the Merger as if it had been completed on January 1, 2012.

2

Exhibit 99.3

The historical financial data has been adjusted to give pro forma effect to events that are (i) directly attributable to the Merger, (ii) factually supportable, and (iii) with respect to the statements of operations, expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results. The pro forma adjustments are preliminary and based on management's estimates of the fair value and useful lives of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and have been prepared to illustrate the estimated effect of the acquisition and certain other adjustments.
The Private Ocera balance sheet and statement of operations and comprehensive loss information as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 was derived from its audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2012. The Tranzyme balance sheet and statement of operations and comprehensive loss information as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 was derived from its audited consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. The unaudited Tranzyme statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2013 was derived from its consolidated financial statements included in its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013.
The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements do not give effect to the potential impact of current financial conditions, regulatory matters, operating efficiencies or other savings or expenses that may be associated with the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma combined financial data also do not include any integration costs. The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements have been prepared for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the financial position or results of operations in future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had Private Ocera and Tranzyme been a combined company during the specified period.



3

Exhibit 99.3

Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
JUNE 30, 2013
(In thousands)
 
Tranzyme, Inc.
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
Pro Forma
Adjustments
 
Pro Forma
Combined
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
8,614

$
730

$
19,996

(H)
$
29,340

Accounts receivable, net
143



 
143

Investment tax credits receivable, current portion
295



 
295

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
285

68


 
353

Total current assets
9,337

798

19,996

 
30,131

Property and equipment, net
747

4


 
751

Investment tax credits receivable
178



 
178

Other noncurrent assets

15

(15
)
(H)

Intangible assets, net


5,930

(F)
5,930

Goodwill


1,073

(E)
1,073

Total assets
$
10,262

$
817

$
26,984

 
$
38,063

Liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
492

$
1,047

$

 
$
1,539

Accrued liabilities
586

624

2,648

(G)
3,858

 


(185
)
(C)
(185
)
Convertible notes payable, net

2,971

(2,971
)
(C)

Total current liabilities
1,078

4,642

(508
)
 
5,212

Other long-term liabilities
127



 
127

Preferred stock warrant liability

4

(4)

(J)

Total Liabilities
1,205

4,646

(512
)
 
5,339

Convertible preferred stock:
 
 
 
 
 
Series A convertible preferred stock

14,346

(14,346
)
(D)

Series B convertible preferred stock

11,983

(11,983
)
(D)

Series C convertible preferred stock

35,414

(35,414
)
(D)

Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock

5


 
5

Additional paid-in capital
145,130

1,213

(145,130
)
(B)
1,213

 
 
 
13,524

(A)
13,524

 
 
 
3,156

(C)
3,156

 
 
 
4

(J)
4

 
 
 
61,743

(D)
61,743

 
 
 
19,981

(H)
19,981

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(738
)

738

(B)

Accumulated deficit
(135,335
)
(66,790
)
135,335

(B)
(66,790
)
 
 
 
(112
)
(G)
(112
)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
9,057

(65,572
)
89,239

 
32,724

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
$
10,262

$
817

$
26,984

 
$
38,063



4

Exhibit 99.3

Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2013
(In thousands, except Share and Per Share Data)
 
Tranzyme, Inc.
 
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
 
Pro Forma
Adjustments
 
Pro Forma
Combined
Licensing and royalty revenue
$
1,492

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,492

Total revenue
1,492

 

 

 
1,492

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
3,074

 
434

 
309

(I)
3,817

General and administrative
4,288

 
2,223

 
(2,745
)
(G)
3,766

Total operating expenses
7,362

 
2,657

 
(2,436
)
 
7,583

Operating loss
(5,870
)
 
(2,657
)
 
2,436

(G)
(6,091
)
Other income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Interest and other income
7

 

 

 
7

    Interest and other expense
2

 
(173
)
 
173

(K)
2

    Change in valuation of warrants

 
12

 
(12
)
(J)

Total other income (expense), net
9

 
(161
)
 
161

 
9

Net loss
$
(5,861
)
 
$
(2,818
)
 
$
2,597

 
$
(6,082
)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(73
)
 

 

 
(73
)
Comprehensive loss
$
(5,934
)
 
$
(2,818
)
 
$
2,597

 
$
(6,155
)
Net loss per share—basic and diluted   
$
(2.55
)
 
$
(0.53
)
 
 
 
$
(0.54
)
Shares used to compute net loss per share—basic and diluted   
2,300,036

 
5,350,853

 
3,634,131

(L)
11,285,020



5

Exhibit 99.3

Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012
(In thousands, except Share and Per Share Data)
 
Tranzyme, Inc.
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
Pro Forma
Adjustments
 
Pro Forma
Combined
Licensing and royalty revenue
$
5,247

$

$

 
$
5,247

Research revenue
3,200



 
3,200

Total revenue
8,447



 
8,447

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
20,980

1,642

618

(I)
23,240

General and administrative
6,561

1,739


 
8,300

Total operating expenses
27,541

3,381

618

 
31,540

Operating loss
(19,094
)
(3,381
)
(618
)
 
(23,093
)
Other income (expenses):
 
 
 
 
 
    Interest and other income

2


 
2

    Interest and other expense
(3,750)

(184)

184

(K)
(3,750)

    Change in valuation of warrants

(45)

45

(J)

Total other income (expense), net
(3,750)

(227)

229

 
(3,748)

Net loss
$
(22,844
)
$
(3,608
)
$
(389
)
 
$
(26,841
)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
18



 
18

Comprehensive loss
$
(22,826
)
$
(3,608
)
$
(389
)
 
$
(26,823
)
Net loss per share—basic and diluted   
$
(10.76
)
$
(0.69
)
 
 
$
(2.42
)
Shares used to compute net loss per share—basic and diluted   
2,122,165

5,234,952

3,736,159

(L)
11,093,276

See accompanying notes.


6

Exhibit 99.3

                                    

Ocera Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)

NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1. Description of Transaction and Basis of Presentation
Description of Transaction
On July 15, 2013, Terrapin Acquisition, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Tranzyme, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Tranzyme”), completed its merger (the “Merger”) with and into Ocera Therapeutics, Inc., a private Delaware corporation (“Private Ocera”). The Merger was effected pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of April 23, 2013, by and among Tranzyme, Private Ocera and Merger Sub.
Immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, the principal and interest under Private Ocera's outstanding convertible notes converted into shares of Series C Preferred Stock of Private Ocera, and, immediately thereafter, all outstanding preferred stock of Private Ocera converted into common stock of Private Ocera.
At the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of Private Ocera's common stock was converted into the right to receive approximately 0.11969414 shares of Tranzyme's common stock (the “Exchange Ratio”), with cash paid in lieu of any fractional shares. In addition, each outstanding option and warrant to purchase Private Ocera's common stock, prior to the effective time of the Merger, was converted into an option or warrant to purchase Tranzyme's common stock, with cash paid in lieu of any fractional shares.
The Merger will be accounted for as a reverse merger under the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, Private Ocera will be treated as the accounting acquiror and Tranzyme will be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes as, immediately upon completion of the Merger, Private Ocera stockholders held a majority of the voting interest of the combined company. In addition, the nine member board of directors of the combined company includes six of the former members of Private Ocera board of directors. Therefore, the former members of Private Ocera board of directors possess majority control of the board of directors of the combined company.
The total purchase price for Tranzyme was approximately $13.5 million and will be allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets existing as of July 15, 2013 with any residual amount recorded as goodwill.
On April 23, 2013, concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Tranzyme entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Financing Agreement") with certain Private Ocera stockholders and their affiliates. Concurrently with the execution of the Financing Agreement, Tranzyme entered into a Registration Rights Agreement that granted customary registration rights to the participants of the financing. Pursuant to the Financing Agreement, immediately following the consummation of the Merger, the combined company sold approximately $20.0 million of its Common Stock to the parties at a per share purchase price of $6.0264.
In September 2013, the combined company approved a restructuring plan related to the operations of the former Tranzyme’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Tranzyme Pharma, Inc. In connection with the restructuring, the Company will terminate employees at the Canadian location, exit its facility and terminate certain contractual obligations. The Company expects to incur expenses and charges during the fourth quarter of 2013 in connection with the restructuring plan. These expenses and charges are estimated to be in the range of $2.2 to $2.5 million and will include, without limitation, severance and related benefit costs, asset impairment expenses, termination costs associated with contractual obligations, and other liabilities. The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements do not include the expenses and charges associated with the restructuring plan.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information was prepared in accordance with the regulations of the SEC and is intended to show how the Merger might have affected the historical financial statements if the Merger had

7

Exhibit 99.3

been completed on January 1, 2012 for the purposes of the combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and for the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively, and June 30, 2013 for the purposes of the combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2013. The pro forma adjustments reflecting the completion of the Merger and related financing are based upon the accounting rules for business combinations, specifically, the reverse acquisition method of accounting in accordance with GAAP, and upon the assumptions set forth herein. Based on the terms of the Merger, Private Ocera is deemed to be the accounting acquirer.
Under the reverse acquisition method of accounting, the Tranzyme identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed will be recorded at the acquisition date fair values and added to those of Private Ocera. The pro forma adjustments are preliminary and based on management's estimates of the fair value and useful lives of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and have been prepared to illustrate the estimated effect of the acquisition. These estimates are based on the most recently available information. Actual results may differ materially from the assumptions and estimates set forth in the unaudited pro forma combined financial information. Certain market based assumptions were used when data was not available, however, management believes the fair values recognized for the assets to be acquired and liabilities to be assumed are based on reasonable estimates and assumptions. Preliminary fair value estimates may change as additional information becomes available. There can be no assurances that these additional analyses and final valuations will not result in material changes to the estimates of fair value.
The unaudited pro forma combined statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2013 combine the unaudited historical statements of operations and comprehensive loss of Tranzyme and Private Ocera for their respective six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and gives pro forma effect to the merger as if it had been completed on January 1, 2013. The unaudited pro forma combined statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2012 combine the historical statements of operations of Tranzyme and Private Ocera for their respective years ended December 31, 2012 and gives pro forma effect to the Merger as if it had been completed on January 1, 2012.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information reflects an Exchange Ratio of approximately 0.11969414 shares of Tranzyme common stock for each share of Private Ocera common stock.
2. Purchase Price
The purchase price is as follows (in thousands)
Fair value of Tranzyme shares outstanding
$
13,249

Fair value of vested Tranzyme stock options
275

Purchase price
$
13,524

The combined company will expense all transaction costs as incurred.
The preliminary estimate of the determination of the fair value of the acquired tangible and intangible assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2013 is as follows (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents
$
8,614

Receivables and other current assets
723

Identifiable intangible assets 
5,930

Goodwill
1,073

Other assets
925

Other assumed liabilities
(3,741
)
Total
$
13.524


The allocation of the purchase price is preliminary. The final determination of the purchase price allocation will be based on the fair values of assets, including identifiable intangible assets acquired, and the fair values of liabilities assumed as of July 15, 2013, the date the Merger was completed. The preliminary valuation analysis conducted by the Company determined that the fair value of identifiable assets acquired less the fair value of identifiable liabilities assumed by the

8

Exhibit 99.3

combined company were less than the purchase price. The purchase price exceeds the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired or assumed resulting in residual goodwill.
Tranzyme and Ocera believe that the historical values of Tranzyme's current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value based on the short term nature of such items. Tranzyme's property and equipment consists of assets whose historical cost less depreciation is deemed to be its fair value. The identifiable intangible assets are Tranzyme’s technology, which consists primarily of its intellectual property related to Tranzyme’s MATCH technology, and the estimated net present value of future cash flows from collaborative agreements to be generated from the MATCH technology used in the development activities.
The customer relationships were valued using a risk adjusted multi-period excess earnings analysis, a form of the income approach, which incorporates the estimated future cash flows to be generated from these relationship assets. Excess earnings are the earnings remaining after deducting the market rates of return on the estimated values of contributory assets, including debt-free net working capital, tangible and intangible assets. The excess earnings are thereby calculated for each year of a multi-year projection period discounted to a present value. Accordingly, the primary components of this method consist of the determination of excess earnings and an appropriate rate of return.
The valuation of the Tranzyme's proprietary MATCHTM technology is based on replacement method of the cost approach that considers the cost to replace the acquired technology. The cost approach is based on the premise that a prudent investor would pay no more for an asset than its replacement or reproduction cost. The cost to replace the asset would include the cost of constructing a similar asset of equivalent utility at prices applicable at the time of the valuation analysis. The estimated fair value attributed to the developed technology is amortized over a weighted average useful life of approximately 10 years.
Goodwill is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the consideration expected to be transferred and the values assigned to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed will remain preliminary until the combined company completes a valuation of significant identifiable intangible assets acquired and determines the fair values of other assets and liabilities. The final determination of the fair values is expected to be completed as soon as practicable. The final amounts could differ from the amounts presented in the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements.
The amount allocated to acquired identifiable intangible assets is attributed to the following (in thousands):    
Collaboration agreements
$
4,170

MATCH technology
1,760

Total
$
5,930


3. Pro Forma Adjustments
The pro forma adjustments are as follows:
(A)
Represents the fair value of Tranzyme's common stock and common stock options assumed in connection with the Merger. The fair value of Tranzyme's common stock was based on the closing price of its common stock on July 15, 2013 of $5.76 per share after Tranzyme effected a 12-to-1 reverse stock split on its issued and outstanding common stock.
(B)
Represents the elimination of historical stockholders' deficit accounts of Tranzyme.
(C)
Represents the conversion of Private Ocera's convertible notes payable and accrued interest to Private Ocera Series C preferred stock. Immediately thereafter, Private Ocera preferred stock were converted into Private Ocera common stock which was then converted into Tranzyme common stock in connection with the Merger.
(D)
Represents the conversion of Private Ocera's preferred stock to common stock which was then converted into Tranzyme common stock in connection with the Merger.
(E)
Represents the goodwill resulting from the Merger.

9

Exhibit 99.3

(F)
Represents the estimated fair value of Tranzyme's identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Merger.
(G         Represents Tranzyme and Private Ocera's transaction costs incurred as a result of the Merger that were not accruable as of June 30, 2013. These include Tranzyme and Private Ocera transaction costs of approximately $1.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. In addition, Tranzyme incurred a severance obligation of $0.5 million resulting from a pre-existing employment agreement, and directors and officers liability insurance of $0.9 million that was accruable upon completion of the Merger. Tranzyme and Private Ocera incurred $1.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively, in transaction costs through June 30, 2013.
(H)
Represents the sale of 3,317,976 shares common stock to Private Ocera stockholders for net proceeds of approximately $20.0 million that was entered into concurrently with the Merger agreement.
(I)
Represents the amortization of Tranzyme's developed technology and customer relationships over estimated weighted useful lives ranging from approximately 6 to 10 years.
(J)
Represents the conversion of Private Ocera preferred stock warrants into Private Ocera common stock warrants that were then converted into Tranzyme common stock warrants, eliminating the terms that caused the preferred stock warrants to be accounted for as a liability and the associated change in valuation of warrants on the related Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
(K)
Represents the conversion of Private Ocera's convertible notes payable into Private Ocera Series C preferred stock. Immediately thereafter, Private Ocera preferred stock were converted into Private Ocera common stock which was then converted into Tranzyme common stock eliminating interest expense.
(L)
The weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share for for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012 are calculated based on the number of Tranzyme common stock issued to Private Ocera stockholders after consideration for the conversion of 41,994,886 shares of Private Ocera convertible preferred stock and Private Ocera convertible notes and accrued interest converted into Series C preferred stock that were further converted into Private Ocera common stock immediately before the Merger. Each share of Private Ocera common stock was converted into the right to receive approximately 0.11969414 shares of Tranzyme common stock immediately before the Merger. In addition, the weighted average shares outstanding include the sale of 3,317,976 shares of the combined company’s common stock to Private Ocera stockholders for net proceeds of approximately $20.0 million.







10