10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q   

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to ____________

Commission file number 001-32216

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland	47-0934168
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

90 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016

(Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code)

(212) 792-0107

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbols	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	NYMT	NASDAQ	Stock Market
8.000% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference	NYMTN	NASDAQ	Stock Market
7.875% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference	NYMTM	NASDAQ	Stock Market
6.875% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference	NYMTL	NASDAQ	Stock Market
7.000% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference	NYMTZ	NASDAQ	Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☒ Accelerated Filer ☐ Non-Accelerated Filer ☐ Smaller Reporting Company ☐ Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding on April 30, 2024 was 91,227,780.

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC.

FORM 10-Q

PART I. Financial Information
	Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	5
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	6
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	7
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	8
	Unaudited Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
	Note 1. Organization	10
	Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	11
	Note 3. Residential Loans, at Fair Value	14
	Note 4. Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value	16
	Note 5. Multi-family Loans, at Fair Value	18
	Note 6. Equity Investments, at Fair Value	19
	Note 7. Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE)	21
	Note 8. Real Estate, Net	28
	Note 9. Assets and Liabilities of Disposal Group Held for Sale	30
	Note 10. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities	32
	Note 11. Other Assets and Other Liabilities	38
	Note 12. Repurchase Agreements	39
	Note 13. Collateralized Debt Obligations	42
	Note 14. Debt	44
	Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies	47
	Note 16. Fair Value of Financial Instruments	48
	Note 17. Stockholders' Equity	58
	Note 18. (Loss) Earnings Per Common Share	62
	Note 19. Stock Based Compensation	63
	Note 20. Income Taxes	66
	Note 21. Net Interest Income	68
	Note 22. Other (Loss) Income	69
	Note 23. Subsequent Events	70
	Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	71
	Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	124
	Item 4. Controls and Procedures	130
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
	Item 1A. Risk Factors	131
	Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	131
	Item 6. Exhibits	132
SIGNATURES		135

PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Residential loans, at fair value	$	3,103,105	$	3,084,303
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value	2,241,340		2,013,817
Multi-family loans, at fair value	91,905		95,792
Equity investments, at fair value	137,943		147,116
Cash and cash equivalents	226,939		187,107
Real estate, net	1,154,221		1,131,819
Assets of disposal group held for sale	146,363		426,017
Other assets	344,999		315,357
Total Assets (1)	$	7,446,815	$	7,401,328
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements	$	2,512,008	$	2,471,113
Collateralized debt obligations ($1,079,768 at fair value and $1,108,594 at amortized cost, net as of March 31, 2024 and $593,737 at fair value and $1,276,780 at amortized cost, net as of December 31, 2023)	2,188,362		1,870,517
Senior unsecured notes	98,299		98,111
Subordinated debentures	45,000		45,000
Mortgages payable on real estate, net	850,743		784,421
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale	122,318		386,024
Other liabilities	110,751		118,016
Total liabilities (1)	5,927,481		5,773,202
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 15)
Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated Variable Interest Entities	20,128		28,061
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 31,500,000 shares authorized, 22,164,414 shares issued and outstanding ($554,110 aggregate liquidation preference)	535,445		535,445
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 91,231,039 and 90,675,403 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	912		907
Additional paid-in capital	2,289,452		2,297,081
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	—		(4)
Accumulated deficit	(1,340,553)		(1,253,817)
Company's stockholders' equity	1,485,256		1,579,612
Non-controlling interests	13,950		20,453
Total equity	1,499,206		1,600,065
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	7,446,815	$	7,401,328

    

(1)Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities ("VIEs") as the Company is the primary beneficiary of these VIEs. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assets of consolidated VIEs totaled $3,829,183 and $3,816,777, respectively, and the liabilities of consolidated VIEs totaled $3,192,392 and $3,076,818, respectively. See Note 7 for further discussion.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
NET INTEREST INCOME:
Interest income	$	83,892	$	57,136
Interest expense	66,029		39,335
Total net interest income	17,863		17,801
NET LOSS FROM REAL ESTATE:
Rental income	33,153		36,281
Other real estate income	4,923		5,465
Total income from real estate	38,076		41,746
Interest expense, mortgages payable on real estate	20,769		22,478
Depreciation and amortization	12,576		6,039
Other real estate expenses	21,100		22,180
Total expenses related to real estate	54,445		50,697
Total net loss from real estate	(16,369)		(8,951)
OTHER (LOSS) INCOME:
Realized (losses) gains, net	(10,533)		1,081
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(39,390)		32,851
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	49,211		(4,362)
(Loss) income from equity investments	(2,136)		4,511
Impairment of real estate	(36,247)		(10,275)
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	(14,636)		—
Other (loss) income	(3,592)		1,275
Total other (loss) income	(57,323)		25,081
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATING EXPENSES:
General and administrative expenses	13,054		12,683
Portfolio operating expenses	11,287		7,070
Total general, administrative and operating expenses	24,341		19,753
(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES	(80,170)		14,178
Income tax (benefit) expense	(111)		16
NET (LOSS) INCOME	(80,059)		14,162
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	22,158		6,701
NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMPANY	(57,901)		20,863
Preferred stock dividends	(10,439)		(10,484)
Gain on repurchase of preferred stock	—		142
NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMPANY'S COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	(68,340)	$	10,521
Basic (loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.75)	$	0.12
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.75)	$	0.11
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic	91,117		91,314
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted	91,117		91,672

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMPANY'S COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	(68,340)	$	10,521
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Increase in fair value of available for sale securities	—		591
Reclassification adjustment for net loss included in net loss	4		—
TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	4		591
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMPANY'S COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	(68,336)	$	11,112

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

For the Three Months Ended
	Common Stock		Preferred Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Company's Stockholders' Equity		Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs		Total
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	907	$	535,445	$	2,297,081	$	(1,253,817)	$	(4)	$	1,579,612	$	20,453	$	1,600,065
Net loss ($(14,400) allocated to redeemable non-controlling interest)	—		—		—		(57,901)		—		(57,901)		(7,758)		(65,659)
Stock based compensation expense (benefit), net	5		—		(1,201)		—		—		(1,196)		—		(1,196)
Dividends declared on common stock	—		—		—		(18,246)		—		(18,246)		—		(18,246)
Dividends declared on preferred stock	—		—		—		(10,439)		—		(10,439)		—		(10,439)
Dividends attributable to dividend equivalents	—		—		—		(150)		—		(150)		—		(150)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss included in net loss	—		—		—		—		4		4		—		4
Increase in non-controlling interest related to de-consolidation of VIEs	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,598		1,598
Contributions of non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	—		—		—		—		—		—		436		436
Decrease in non-controlling interest related to distributions from Consolidated VIEs	—		—		—		—		—		—		(779)		(779)
Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value	—		—		(6,428)		—		—		(6,428)		—		(6,428)
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	912	$	535,445	$	2,289,452	$	(1,340,553)	$	—	$	1,485,256	$	13,950	$	1,499,206

Balance, December 31, 2022	$	912	$	538,351	$	2,282,691	$	(1,052,768)	$	(1,970)	$	1,767,216	$	33,092	$	1,800,308
Net income (loss) ($(5,501) allocated to redeemable non-controlling interest)	—		—		—		20,863		—		20,863		(1,200)		19,663
Common stock repurchases	(4)		—		(3,606)		—		—		(3,610)		—		(3,610)
Preferred stock repurchases	—		(462)		—		142		—		(320)		—		(320)
Stock based compensation expense, net	4		—		46		—		—		50		—		50
Dividends declared on common stock	—		—		—		(36,562)		—		(36,562)		—		(36,562)
Dividends declared on preferred stock	—		—		—		(10,484)		—		(10,484)		—		(10,484)
Dividends attributable to dividend equivalents	—		—		—		(238)		—		(238)		—		(238)
Increase in fair value of available for sale securities	—		—		—		—		591		591		—		591
Contributions of non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	—		—		—		—		—		—		300		300
Decrease in non-controlling interest related to distributions from Consolidated VIEs	—		—		—		—		—		—		(758)		(758)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	912	$	537,889	$	2,279,131	$	(1,079,047)	$	(1,379)	$	1,737,506	$	31,434	$	1,768,940

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(80,059)	$	14,162
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used in operating activities:
Net amortization	2,311		7,744
Depreciation and amortization expense related to operating real estate	12,576		6,039
Realized losses (gains), net	10,533		(1,081)
Unrealized losses (gains), net	39,390		(32,851)
(Gains) losses on derivative instruments, net	(49,211)		4,362
Gain on sale of real estate	(134)		—
Gain on de-consolidation of joint venture equity investment in Consolidated VIE	(50)		—
Impairment of real estate	36,247		10,275
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	14,636		—
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations and mortgages payable on real estate	692		(1,170)
Income from preferred equity, mezzanine loan and equity investments	(604)		(6,948)
Distributions of income from preferred equity, mezzanine loan and equity investments	3,886		4,209
Stock based compensation (benefit) expense, net	(1,196)		50
Cash reclassified to assets of disposal group held for sale	3,061		1,708
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(5,208)		(17,903)
Net cash used in operating activities	(13,130)		(11,404)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Principal paydowns received on investment securities	35,842		3,789
Purchases of investment securities	(297,553)		(106,146)
Principal repayments received on residential loans	230,260		279,089
Proceeds from sales of residential loans	28,912		166
Purchases of residential loans	(303,694)		(87,334)
Return of capital from equity investments	5,000		4,902
Funding of preferred equity, mezzanine loan and equity investments	(172)		(21,948)
Net variation margin received (paid) for derivative instruments	34,441		(2,487)
Net payments received from derivative instruments	15,306		4,092
Net proceeds from sale of real estate	4,772		1,114
Proceeds from sale of joint venture equity investment in Consolidated VIE	50		—
Cash removed in de-consolidation of Consolidated VIE	(1,150)		—
Purchases of and capital expenditures on real estate	(5,988)		(18,138)
Purchases of other assets	(10)		(34)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(253,984)		57,065
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Net proceeds received from repurchase agreements	39,711		50,055
Proceeds from issuance of collateralized debt obligations, net	500,543		—
Repurchases of common stock	—		(3,610)
Repurchases of preferred stock	—		(320)
Dividends paid on common stock and dividend equivalents	(20,465)		(37,659)
Dividends paid on preferred stock	(10,420)		(10,493)
Net distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs	(304)		(4,408)
Payments made on and extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations	(170,085)		(80,509)
Payments made on Consolidated SLST CDOs	(12,506)		(10,493)
Net proceeds received from mortgages payable on real estate	729		13,840
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	327,203		(83,597)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	60,089		(37,936)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - Beginning of Period	330,642		380,938
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - End of Period	$	390,731	$	343,002

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

Supplemental Disclosure:
Cash paid for interest	$	75,001	$	55,042
Cash refunds received for income taxes	$	(145)	$	—
Non-Cash Investment Activities:
De-consolidation of real estate held in Consolidated VIEs	$	193,168	$	—
De-consolidation of mortgages payable on real estate held in Consolidated VIEs	$	194,256	$	—
Transfer from residential loans to real estate owned	$	17,948	$	326
Transfer from residential loans to real estate, net	$	2,640	$	—
Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Dividends declared on common stock and dividend equivalents to be paid in subsequent period	$	19,647	$	38,644
Dividends declared on preferred stock to be paid in subsequent period	$	10,454	$	10,484
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Reconciliation:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	226,939	$	227,753
Restricted cash included in other assets	163,792		115,249
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	390,731	$	343,002

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2024

(unaudited)

1. Organization

New York Mortgage Trust, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (“NYMT,” “we,” “our,” or the “Company”), is an internally-managed real estate investment trust ("REIT") in the business of acquiring, investing in, financing and managing primarily mortgage-related single-family and multi-family residential assets. Our objective is to deliver long-term stable distributions to our stockholders over changing economic conditions through a combination of net interest spread and capital gains from a diversified investment portfolio. Our investment portfolio includes credit sensitive single-family and multi-family assets, as well as more traditional types of fixed-income investments that provide coupon income, such as Agency RMBS.

The Company conducts its business through the parent company, New York Mortgage Trust, Inc., and several subsidiaries, including taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”), qualified REIT subsidiaries (“QRSs”) and special purpose subsidiaries established for securitization purposes. The Company consolidates all of its subsidiaries under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

The Company is organized and conducts its operations to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As such, the Company will generally not be subject to federal income taxes on that portion of its income that is distributed to stockholders if it distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders by the due date of its federal income tax return and complies with various other requirements.

10

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Definitions – The following defines certain of the commonly used terms in these financial statements: 

“RMBS” refers to residential mortgage-backed securities backed by adjustable-rate, hybrid adjustable-rate, or fixed-rate residential loans;

“Agency RMBS” refers to RMBS representing interests in or obligations backed by pools of residential loans guaranteed by a government sponsored enterprise (“GSE”), such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), or an agency of the U.S. government, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”);

“non-Agency RMBS” refers to RMBS that are not guaranteed by any agency of the U.S. Government or GSE;

“IOs” refers collectively to interest only and inverse interest only mortgage-backed securities that represent the right to the interest component of the cash flow from a pool of mortgage loans;

“POs” refers to mortgage-backed securities that represent the right to the principal component of the cash flow from a pool of mortgage loans;

“ARMs” refers to adjustable-rate residential loans;

“Agency ARMs” refers to Agency RMBS comprised of adjustable-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate RMBS;

“Agency fixed-rate RMBS” refers to Agency RMBS comprised of fixed-rate RMBS;

“ABS” refers to debt and/or equity tranches of securitizations backed by various asset classes including, but not limited to, automobiles, aircraft, credit cards, equipment, franchises, recreational vehicles and student loans;

“CMBS” refers to commercial mortgage-backed securities comprised of commercial mortgage pass-through securities issued by a GSE, as well as PO, IO or mezzanine securities that represent the right to a specific component of the cash flow from a pool of commercial mortgage loans;

“CDO” refers to collateralized debt obligation and includes debt that permanently finances the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST and the Company's residential loans held in securitization trusts that we consolidate, or consolidated, in our financial statements in accordance with GAAP;

“business purpose loans” refers to (i) short-term loans that are collateralized by residential properties and are made to investors who intend to rehabilitate and sell the residential property for a profit or (ii) loans that finance (or refinance) non-owner occupied residential properties that are rented to one or more tenants;

“Consolidated SLST” refers to a Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization, comprised of seasoned re-performing and non-performing residential loans, of which we own the first loss subordinated securities and certain IOs that we consolidate in our financial statements in accordance with GAAP; and

“SOFR” refers to Secured Overnight Funding Rate.

Basis of Presentation – On March 9, 2023, the Company effected a one-for-four reverse stock split of its issued, outstanding and authorized shares of common stock (the "Reverse Stock Split"). Accordingly, all common share and per common share data for all periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted on a retroactive basis to reflect the impact of the Reverse Stock Split.

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from audited financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024, the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 and the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited. In our opinion, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with Article 10 of Regulation S-X and the instructions to Form 10-Q. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, significant accounting policies and other disclosures have been omitted since such items are disclosed in Note 2 in the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Provided in this section is a summary of additional accounting policies that are significant to, or newly adopted by, the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.

11

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management has made significant estimates in several areas, including fair valuation of its residential loans, multi-family loans, certain equity investments, Consolidated SLST CDOs, certain residential loan CDOs, real estate held by Consolidated VIEs and redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs. Although the Company’s estimates contemplate current conditions and how it expects those conditions to change in the future, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could be different than anticipated in those estimates, which could materially impact the Company’s results of operations and its financial condition.

Reclassifications – Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to current period presentation. In particular, prior period disclosures have been adjusted for the aforementioned Reverse Stock Split.

Additionally, prior period disclosures have been conformed to the current period presentation of net loss from real estate. Beginning in the third quarter of 2023, the components of net loss from real estate, inclusive of rental income and other real estate income and interest expense, mortgages payable on real estate, depreciation and amortization and other real estate expenses, are presented as total net loss from real estate on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Previously, rental income, other real estate income and total income from real estate was presented in other income (loss) and interest expense, mortgages payable on real estate, depreciation and amortization, other real estate expenses and total expenses related to real estate were presented in general, administrative and operating expenses on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Also beginning in the third quarter of 2023, unrealized gains (losses) and realized gains (losses) on derivative instruments are presented in gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Previously, unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments were presented in unrealized gains (losses), net and realized gains (losses) on derivative instruments were presented in realized gains (losses), net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Principles of Consolidation and Variable Interest Entities – The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of all its subsidiaries which are majority-owned, controlled by the Company or a variable interest entity (“VIE”) where the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation (see Note 7).

A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. A VIE is defined as an entity in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. The Company consolidates a VIE in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation ("ASC 810") when it is the primary beneficiary of such VIE, herein referred to as a "Consolidated VIE". As primary beneficiary, the Company has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and a right to receive benefits or absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE. The Company is required to reconsider its evaluation of whether to consolidate a VIE each reporting period, based upon changes in the facts and circumstances pertaining to the VIE.

The Company evaluates the initial consolidation of each Consolidated VIE, which includes a determination of whether the VIE constitutes the definition of a business in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations ("ASC 805"), by considering if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets within the VIE are concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or group of single identifiable assets. Upon consolidation, the Company recognizes the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any third-party ownership of membership interests as non-controlling interest as of the consolidation or acquisition date, measured at their relative fair values (see Note 7). Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs is adjusted prospectively for its share of the allocation of income or loss and equity contributions and distributions from each respective Consolidated VIE. The third-party owners of certain of the non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs have the ability to sell their ownership interests to the Company, at their election, subject to certain conditions. The Company has classified these third-party ownership interests as redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs in mezzanine equity on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Collateralized Debt Obligations – The Company records collateralized debt obligations used to permanently finance the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST and the Company's residential loans held in securitization trusts as debt on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. For financial reporting purposes, the loans and investment securities held as collateral for these obligations are recorded as assets of the Company. The Company has elected the fair value option pursuant to ASC 825, Financial Instruments ("ASC 825") with respect to the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST and CDOs issued by the Company after January 1, 2024. Changes in fair value of CDOs subject to the fair value election are recorded in current period earnings in unrealized gains (losses), net on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Interest expense on such CDOs is recorded based on the current stated interest rate and outstanding principal balance in effect. In accordance with ASC 825, costs associated with the issuance of CDOs subject to the fair value election are recognized in earnings as they are incurred and are included in portfolio operating expense on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Summary of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 requires enhanced disclosures in connection with an entity's effective tax rate reconciliation and additional disclosures about income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company expects that the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will result in additional income tax disclosures in its notes to consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023-07"). ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. The amendments also require companies with a single reportable segment to provide all disclosures required by ASU 2023-07 as well as existing segment disclosures in accordance with ASC 280. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company expects that the adoption of ASU 2023-07 will result in additional disclosures in its notes to consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting ("ASU 2020-04"). ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP requirements for modifications to debt agreements, leases, derivatives and other contracts, related to the expected market transition from LIBOR, and certain other floating rate benchmark indices, or collectively, IBORs, to alternative reference rates. ASU 2020-04 generally considers contract modifications related to reference rate reform to be an event that does not require contract remeasurement at the modification date nor a reassessment of a previous accounting determination. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 ("ASU 2022-06"), which allows ASU 2020-04 to be adopted and applied prospectively to contract modifications made on or before December 31, 2024. In light of the cessation of the publication of LIBOR after June 30, 2023, the Company’s material contracts that were indexed to LIBOR have been amended to transition to an alternative benchmark and any other unmodified agreements that incorporate LIBOR as the referenced rate have provisions in place that provide for identification of an alternative benchmark or specify an alternative benchmark, or by operation of law specify an alternative benchmark, to LIBOR upon its phase-out.

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3. Residential Loans, at Fair Value

The Company’s acquired residential loans, including performing, re-performing and non-performing residential loans, and business purpose loans, are presented at fair value on its condensed consolidated balance sheets as a result of a fair value election. Subsequent changes in fair value are reported in current period earnings and presented in unrealized (losses) gains, net on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents the Company’s residential loans, at fair value, which consist of residential loans held by the Company, Consolidated SLST and other securitization trusts, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Residential loans (1)		Consolidated SLST (2)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts (3)		Total		Residential loans (1)		Consolidated SLST (2)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts (3)		Total
Principal	$	674,109	$	875,562	$	1,861,671	$	3,411,342	$	891,283	$	892,546	$	1,609,006	$	3,392,835
Discount	(11,060)		(7,673)		(64,304)		(83,037)		(22,667)		(7,418)		(55,709)		(85,794)
Unrealized losses	(22,320)		(129,763)		(73,117)		(225,200)		(41,081)		(130,268)		(51,389)		(222,738)
Carrying value	$	640,729	$	738,126	$	1,724,250	$	3,103,105	$	827,535	$	754,860	$	1,501,908	$	3,084,303

(1)Certain of the Company's residential loans, at fair value are pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (see Note 12).

(2)The Company invests in first loss subordinated securities and certain IOs issued by a Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization. In accordance with GAAP, the Company has consolidated the underlying seasoned re-performing and non-performing residential loans held in the securitization and the CDOs issued to permanently finance these residential loans, representing Consolidated SLST. Consolidated SLST CDOs are included in collateralized debt obligations on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 13).

(3)The Company's residential loans held in securitization trusts are pledged as collateral for CDOs issued by the Company. These CDOs are accounted for as financings and included in collateralized debt obligations on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 13).

The following table presents the unrealized gains (losses), net attributable to residential loans, at fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024						March 31, 2023
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST (1)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Residential loans		Consolidated SLST (1)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts
Unrealized gains (losses), net	$	283	$	506	$	(3,251)	$	(1,307)	$	15,807	$	30,554

(1)In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, the Company determines the fair value of the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST based on the fair value of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own, as the fair value of these instruments is more observable (see Note 16). See Note 7 for unrealized gains (losses), net recognized by the Company on its investment in Consolidated SLST, which include unrealized gains (losses) on the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST presented in the table above and unrealized gains (losses) on the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST.

The Company recognized $0.1 million and $2.0 million of net realized gains on the payoff of residential loans, at fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company also recognized $3.0 million of net realized losses on the sale of residential loans, at fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company did not recognize any gain or loss on the sale of residential loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the unpaid principal balance of residential loans, at fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are as follows:

	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts
California	20.5	%	10.7	%	19.2	%	22.4	%	10.7	%	18.4	%
Florida	13.9	%	10.1	%	12.8	%	15.5	%	10.3	%	11.0	%
New York	9.6	%	10.0	%	7.3	%	7.0	%	10.0	%	8.5	%
Texas	5.8	%	3.8	%	8.7	%	8.1	%	3.9	%	7.1	%
New Jersey	5.2	%	7.6	%	5.7	%	4.9	%	7.6	%	6.0	%
Illinois	3.1	%	7.2	%	3.4	%	3.0	%	7.2	%	3.5	%

The following table presents the fair value and aggregate unpaid principal balance of the Company's residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts in non-accrual status as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Greater than 90 days past due				Less than 90 days past due
	Fair Value		Unpaid Principal Balance		Fair Value		Unpaid Principal Balance
March 31, 2024	$	181,732	$	209,601	$	9,632	$	10,254
December 31, 2023	199,485		220,577		9,362		9,948

Formal foreclosure proceedings were in process with respect to residential loans with an aggregate fair value of $141.1 million and an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $166.4 million as of March 31, 2024.

Residential loans held in Consolidated SLST with an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $83.2 million and $84.6 million were 90 days or more delinquent as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. In addition, formal foreclosure proceedings were in process with respect to $33.5 million of residential loans held in Consolidated SLST as of March 31, 2024.

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4. Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value

The Company accounts for certain of its investment securities available for sale using the fair value election pursuant to ASC 825, where changes in fair value are recorded in unrealized gains (losses), net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company also had investment securities available for sale where the fair value option had not been elected, which we refer to as CECL Securities. CECL Securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The Company's investment securities available for sale consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value
			Gains		Losses						Gains		Losses
Fair Value Option
Agency RMBS
Fixed rate
Fannie Mae	$	1,152,811	$	10,475	$	(2,349)	$	1,160,937	$	1,084,702	$	15,902	$	(723)	$	1,099,881
Freddie Mac	862,267		3,915		(4,463)		861,719		676,436		5,679		(1,106)		681,009
Total Fixed rate	2,015,078		14,390		(6,812)		2,022,656		1,761,138		21,581		(1,829)		1,780,890
Adjustable rate
Fannie Mae	108,212		1,301		—		109,513		110,036		1,299		—		111,335
Freddie Mac	37,157		440		—		37,597		37,424		442		—		37,866
Total Adjustable rate	145,369		1,741		—		147,110		147,460		1,741		—		149,201
Interest-only
Ginnie Mae	62,222		—		(14,503)		47,719		52,623		6,813		(203)		59,233
Total Interest-only	62,222		—		(14,503)		47,719		52,623		6,813		(203)		59,233
Total Agency RMBS	2,222,669		16,131		(21,315)		2,217,485		1,961,221		30,135		(2,032)		1,989,324
Non-Agency RMBS	21,447		6,443		(4,035)		23,855		22,097		6,646		(4,281)		24,462
Total investment securities available for sale - fair value option	2,244,116		22,574		(25,350)		2,241,340		1,983,318		36,781		(6,313)		2,013,786
CECL Securities
Non-Agency RMBS	—		—		—		—		35		—		(4)		31
Total investment securities available for sale - CECL Securities	—		—		—		—		35		—		(4)		31
Total	$	2,244,116	$	22,574	$	(25,350)	$	2,241,340	$	1,983,353	$	36,781	$	(6,317)	$	2,013,817

Accrued interest receivable for investment securities available for sale in the amount of $11.0 million and $9.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, is included in other assets on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $33.2 million in net unrealized losses and $0.9 million in net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale accounted for under the fair value option, respectively.

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The Company's investment securities available for sale pledged as collateral against interest rate swap agreements and repurchase agreements are included in investment securities available for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets with the fair value of securities pledged disclosed in Notes 10 and 12, respectively.

Realized Gain and Loss Activity

The Company did not sell investment securities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company recognized write-downs of non-Agency RMBS for a loss of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company did not recognize any write-downs for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Weighted Average Life

Actual maturities of our investment securities available for sale are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities (with contractual maturities up to 39 years), as they are affected by periodic payments and prepayments of principal on the underlying mortgages. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, based on management’s estimates, the weighted average life of the Company’s investment securities available for sale portfolio was approximately 6.0 years and 6.9 years, respectively.

The following table sets forth the weighted average lives of our investment securities available for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Weighted Average Life	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
0 to 5 years	$	374,823	$	283,554
Over 5 to 10 years	1,863,538		1,727,269
10+ years	2,979		2,994
Total	$	2,241,340	$	2,013,817

Unrealized Losses in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company had no CECL Securities as of March 31, 2024. The Company evaluated its CECL Securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023 and determined that no allowance for credit losses was necessary. The Company did not recognize credit losses for its CECL Securities through earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents the Company's CECL Securities in an unrealized loss position with no credit losses reported, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

December 31, 2023	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months				Total
	Carrying Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Carrying Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Carrying Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Non-Agency RMBS	$	—	$	—	$	31	$	(4)	$	31	$	(4)
Total	$	—	$	—	$	31	$	(4)	$	31	$	(4)

Credit risk associated with non-Agency RMBS is regularly assessed as new information regarding the underlying collateral becomes available and based on updated estimates of cash flows generated by the underlying collateral. In performing its assessment, the Company considers past and expected future performance of the underlying collateral, including timing of expected future cash flows, prepayment rates, default rates, loss severities, delinquency rates, current levels of subordination, volatility of the security's fair value, temporary declines in liquidity for the asset class and interest rate changes since purchase.

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5. Multi-family Loans, at Fair Value

The Company's multi-family loans consisting of its preferred equity in, and mezzanine loans to, entities that have multi-family real estate assets are presented at fair value on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as a result of a fair value election. Accordingly, changes in fair value are presented in unrealized (losses) gains, net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Multi-family loans consist of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Investment amount	$	96,314	$	95,434
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(4,409)		358
Total, at Fair Value	$	91,905	95,792

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $4.8 million in net unrealized losses and $0.5 million in net unrealized gains on multi-family loans, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized no premiums resulting from early redemption of multi-family loans.

The table below presents the fair value and aggregate unpaid principal balance of the Company's multi-family loan in non-accrual status as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
Days Late	Fair Value (1)		Unpaid Principal Balance		Fair Value		Unpaid Principal Balance
90 +	$	—	$	3,363	$	4,753	$	3,363

(1)As of March 31, 2024, the Company reduced the fair value of the multi-family loan to zero as a result of recent developments with respect to the property, its financing and market conditions.

The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the total multi-family loan investment amounts as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are as follows:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Texas	32.7	%	32.6	%
Tennessee	15.3	%	15.2	%
Florida	10.6	%	10.5	%
Arkansas	9.5	%	9.5	%
Louisiana	7.7	%	7.5	%
Alabama	6.7	%	6.7	%
North Carolina	5.8	%	5.8	%
Indiana	5.2	%	5.3	%

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6. Equity Investments, at Fair Value

The Company's equity investments consist of preferred equity ownership interests in entities that invest in multi-family properties where the risks and payment characteristics are equivalent to an equity investment (or multi-family preferred equity ownership interests), equity ownership interests in entities that originate residential loans (or single-family equity ownership interests) and joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties. The Company's equity investments are accounted for under the equity method and are presented at fair value on its condensed consolidated balance sheets as a result of a fair value election.

The following table presents the Company's equity investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Investment Name	Ownership Interest	Fair Value		Ownership Interest	Fair Value
Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
EHOF-NYMT Sunset Apartments Preferred, LLC	57%	$	20,129	57%	$	19,703
Lucie at Tradition Holdings, LLC	70%	19,955		70%	19,442
Syracuse Apartments and Townhomes, LLC	58%	22,055		58%	21,642
Hudson Bridge Apartments, LLC - Series A, Briar Hill Apartments, LLC, Kings Glen Apartments, LLC, Flagstone Apartments, LLC, Brookfield Apartments II, LLC - Series B, and Silber JBSM Properties, LLC (collectively)	58%	10,046		58%	9,882
Tides on 27th Investors, LLC	54%	18,577		54%	17,937
Rapid City RMI JV LLC	50%	10,046		50%	9,804
Palms at Cape Coral, LLC	—	—		34%	5,832
Total - Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests		100,808			104,242
Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties
GWR Cedars Partners, LLC	70%	277		70%	1,897
GWR Gateway Partners, LLC	70%	1,393		70%	3,823
Total - Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties		1,670			5,720
Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests
Constructive Loans, LLC (1)	50%	35,465		50%	37,154
Total - Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests		35,465			37,154
Total		$	137,943		$	147,116

(1)The Company purchased $40.8 million and $16.0 million of residential loans from this entity during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company records its equity in earnings or losses from its multi-family preferred equity ownership interests under the hypothetical liquidation of book value method of accounting due to the structures and the preferences it receives on the distributions from these entities pursuant to the respective agreements. Under this method, the Company recognizes income or loss in each period based on the change in liquidation proceeds it would receive from a hypothetical liquidation of its investment. Pursuant to the fair value election, changes in fair value of the Company's multi-family preferred equity ownership interests are reported in current period earnings.

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The following table presents income from multi-family preferred equity ownership interests for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands). Income from these investments is presented in (loss) income from equity investments in the Company's accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Income from these investments during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 includes $0.1 million and $0.6 million of net unrealized gains, respectively.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Investment Name	2024		2023
EHOF-NYMT Sunset Apartments Preferred, LLC	$	679	$	625
Lucie at Tradition Holdings, LLC	757		684
Syracuse Apartments and Townhomes, LLC	705		654
Hudson Bridge Apartments, LLC - Series A, Briar Hill Apartments, LLC, Kings Glen Apartments, LLC, Flagstone Apartments, LLC, Brookfield Apartments II, LLC - Series B, and Silber JBSM Properties, LLC (collectively)	321		301
Tides on 27th Investors, LLC	641		797
Rapid City RMI JV LLC	431		—
Palms at Cape Coral, LLC	69		177
FF/RMI 20 Midtown, LLC	—		799
America Walks at Port St. Lucie, LLC	—		1,126
1122 Chicago DE, LLC	—		251
Bighaus, LLC	—		537
Total Income - Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests	$	3,603	$	5,951

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 the Company recognized $0.1 million in premiums resulting from early redemption of multi-family preferred equity ownership interests included in equity investments, which are included in other (loss) income on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 the Company recognized no premiums resulting from early redemption of multi-family preferred equity ownership interests included in equity investments.

Income from single-family equity ownership interests and joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties that are accounted for under the equity method using the fair value option is presented in (loss) income from equity investments in the Company's accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following table presents (loss) income from these investments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):    

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Investment Name	2024		2023
Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests
Constructive Loans, LLC (1)	$	(1,689)	$	(2,500)
Total Loss - Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests	$	(1,689)	$	(2,500)
Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties (2)
GWR Cedars Partners, LLC	$	(1,620)	$	413
GWR Gateway Partners, LLC	(2,430)		647
Total (Loss) Income - Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties	$	(4,050)	$	1,060

(1)Includes net unrealized losses of $2.2 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(2)During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company determined that these joint venture equity investments no longer met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and returned its equity investments in the joint venture entities to equity investments, at fair value (see Note 9). Includes net unrealized losses of $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and net unrealized gains of $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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7.Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE)

Financing VIEs

The Company uses SPEs to facilitate transactions that involve securitizing financial assets or re-securitizing previously securitized financial assets. The objective of such transactions may include obtaining non-recourse financing, obtaining liquidity or refinancing the underlying securitized financial assets on improved terms. Securitization involves transferring assets to an SPE to convert all or a portion of those assets into cash before they would have been realized in the normal course of business through the SPE’s issuance of debt or equity instruments. Investors in an SPE usually have recourse only to the assets in the SPE and depending on the overall structure of the transaction, may benefit from various forms of credit enhancement, such as over-collateralization in the form of excess assets in the SPE, priority with respect to receipt of cash flows relative to holders of other debt or equity instruments issued by the SPE, or a line of credit or other form of liquidity agreement that is designed with the objective of ensuring that investors receive principal and/or interest cash flow on the investment in accordance with the terms of their investment agreement.    

The Company has entered into financing transactions, including residential loan securitizations and re-securitizations, which required the Company to analyze and determine whether the SPEs that were created to facilitate the transactions are VIEs in accordance with ASC 810 and if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary requiring consolidation.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company completed two securitizations of certain residential loans for which the Company received net proceeds of approximately $497.0 million after deducting expenses associated with the securitization transactions. The Company engaged in these transactions for the purpose of obtaining non-recourse, longer-term financing on a portion of its residential loan portfolio. The residential loans serving as collateral for the financings are comprised of performing, re-performing and non-performing loans which are included in residential loans, at fair value on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company exercised its right to an optional redemption of one of its residential loan securitizations with an outstanding principal balance of $147.6 million at the time of redemption, returned the assets held by the trust to the Company and recognized $0.7 million of loss on the extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company evaluated its residential loan securitizations and concluded that the entities created to facilitate each of the financing transactions are VIEs and that the Company is the primary beneficiary of these VIEs (each a “Financing VIE” and collectively, the “Financing VIEs”). Accordingly, the Company consolidated the then-outstanding Financing VIEs as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Consolidated SLST

The Company invests in subordinated securities that represent the first loss position of the Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization from which they were issued and certain IOs issued from the securitization. The Company has evaluated its investments in this securitization trust to determine whether it is a VIE and if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary requiring consolidation. The Company has determined that the Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization trust, which we refer to as Consolidated SLST, is a VIE as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE within Consolidated SLST. Accordingly, the Company has consolidated the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of such VIE in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (see Notes 2, 3 and 13). The Company has elected the fair value option on the assets and liabilities held within Consolidated SLST, which requires that changes in valuations in the assets and liabilities of Consolidated SLST be reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Consolidated SLST securities owned by the Company had a fair value of $151.2 million and $157.2 million, respectively (see Note 16). The Company’s investments in Consolidated SLST securities were not included as collateral to any Financing VIE as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

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Consolidated Real Estate VIEs

The Company owns joint venture equity investments in entities that own multi-family apartment communities, which the Company determined to be VIEs and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidates the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of these VIEs in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements with non-controlling interests or redeemable non-controlling interests for the third-party ownership of the joint ventures' membership interests.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold its joint venture equity investment in a multi-family property, which resulted in the de-consolidation of the joint venture equity's assets and liabilities (see Note 9).

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company reconsidered its evaluation of its variable interest in a VIE that owned a multi-family apartment community and in which the Company held a preferred equity investment. The Company determined that it gained the power to direct the activities, and became primary beneficiary, of the VIE and consolidated this VIE into its condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company accounted for the initial consolidation of the Consolidated Real Estate VIEs in accordance with asset acquisition provisions of ASC 805, as substantially all of the fair value of the assets within the entities are concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets.

In analyzing whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of the Financing VIEs, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs, the Company considered its involvement in each of the VIEs, including the design and purpose of each VIE, and whether its involvement reflected a controlling financial interest that resulted in the Company being deemed the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. In determining whether the Company would be considered the primary beneficiary, the following factors were assessed:

•whether the Company has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE; and

•whether the Company has a right to receive benefits or absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE.

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The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Financing VIEs		Other VIEs
	Residential Loan Securitizations		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	14,325	$	14,325
Residential loans, at fair value	1,724,250		738,126		—		2,462,376
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)	—		—		1,005,161		1,005,161
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		146,363		146,363
Other assets	166,374		2,905		31,679		200,958
Total assets	$	1,890,624	$	741,031	$	1,197,528	$	3,829,183
Collateralized debt obligations ($1,108,594 at amortized cost, net and $1,079,768 at fair value)	$	1,605,735	$	582,627	$	—	$	2,188,362
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3)	—		—		850,743		850,743
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		122,318		122,318
Other liabilities	9,909		5,897		15,163		30,969
Total liabilities	$	1,615,644	$	588,524	$	988,224	$	3,192,392
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)	$	—	$	—	$	20,128	$	20,128
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5)	$	—	$	—	$	13,825	$	13,825
Net investment (6)	$	274,980	$	152,507	$	175,351	$	602,838

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).

(3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.

(5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.

(6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.

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The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Financing VIEs		Other VIEs
	Residential Loan Securitizations		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	15,612	$	15,612
Residential loans, at fair value	1,501,908		754,860		—		2,256,768
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)	—		—		979,934		979,934
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		426,017		426,017
Other assets	98,451		2,960		37,035		138,446
Total assets	$	1,600,359	$	757,820	$	1,458,598	$	3,816,777
Collateralized debt obligations ($1,276,780 at amortized cost, net and $593,737 at fair value)	$	1,276,780	$	593,737	$	—	$	1,870,517
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3)	—		—		784,421		784,421
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		386,024		386,024
Other liabilities	8,421		5,638		21,797		35,856
Total liabilities	$	1,285,201	$	599,375	$	1,192,242	$	3,076,818
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)	$	—	$	—	$	28,061	$	28,061
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5)	$	—	$	—	$	20,328	$	20,328
Net investment (6)	$	315,158	$	158,445	$	217,967	$	691,570

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).

(3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.

(5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.

(6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.

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The following table presents condensed statements of operations for non-Company-sponsored VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands). The following table includes net (loss) income from assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale and intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024						2023
	Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Interest income	$	8,127	$	—	$	8,127	$	8,733	$	—	$	8,733
Interest expense	5,801		—		5,801		6,315		—		6,315
Total net interest income	2,326		—		2,326		2,418		—		2,418
Income from real estate	—		35,093		35,093		—		39,075		39,075
Expenses related to real estate	—		51,761		51,761		—		48,062		48,062
Total net loss from real estate	—		(16,668)		(16,668)		—		(8,987)		(8,987)
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(36)		—		(36)		2,299		—		2,299
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	—		2,518		2,518		—		(1,298)		(1,298)
Impairment of real estate	—		(32,214)		(32,214)		—		(10,275)		(10,275)
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	—		(14,636)		(14,636)		—		—		—
Other income	—		3		3		—		16		16
Total other (loss) income	(36)		(44,329)		(44,365)		2,299		(11,557)		(9,258)
Net income (loss)	2,290		(60,997)		(58,707)		4,717		(20,544)		(15,827)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	—		22,158		22,158		—		6,701		6,701
Net income (loss) attributable to Company	$	2,290	$	(38,839)	$	(36,549)	$	4,717	$	(13,843)	$	(9,126)

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Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs

The third-party owners of certain of the non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs have the ability to sell their ownership interests to the Company, at their election. The Company has classified these third-party ownership interests as redeemable non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs in mezzanine equity on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The holders of the redeemable non-controlling interests may elect to sell their ownership interests to the Company at fair value once a year and the sales are subject to annual minimum and maximum amount limitations.

The following table presents activity in redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	28,061	$	63,803
Contributions	39		—
Distributions	—		(3,950)
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	(14,400)		(5,501)
Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value (1)	6,428		—
Ending balance	$	20,128	$	54,352

(1)The Company determines the fair value of the redeemable non-controlling interest utilizing market assumptions and discounted cash flows. The Company applies a discount rate to the estimated future cash flows from the multi-family apartment properties held by the applicable Consolidated VIEs that are allocatable to the redeemable non-controlling interest. This fair value measurement is generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Significant unobservable inputs utilized in the estimation of fair value of redeemable non-controlling interest as of March 31, 2024 include a weighted average capitalization rate of 5.8% (ranges from 5.3% to 6.8%) and a weighted average discount rate of 14.9% (ranges from 13.9% to 15.6%).

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Unconsolidated VIEs

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company evaluated its investment securities available for sale, preferred equity and other equity investments to determine whether they are VIEs and should be consolidated by the Company. Based on a number of factors, the Company determined that, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, it does not have a controlling financial interest and is not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs. The following tables present the classification and carrying value of unconsolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Multi-family loans		Investment securities available for sale, at fair value		Equity investments		Total
Non-Agency RMBS	$	—	$	23,855	$	—	$	23,855
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties	91,905		—		100,808		192,713
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties	—		—		1,670		1,670
Maximum exposure	$	91,905	$	23,855	$	102,478	$	218,238

	December 31, 2023
	Multi-family loans		Investment securities available for sale, at fair value		Equity investments		Total
Non-Agency RMBS	$	—	$	24,462	$	—	$	24,462
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties	95,792		—		104,242		200,034
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties	—		—		5,720		5,720
Maximum exposure	$	95,792	$	24,462	$	109,962	$	230,216

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8. Real Estate, Net

The following is a summary of real estate, net, collectively, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Land	$	133,522	$	137,883
Building and improvements	1,005,596		1,020,477
Furniture, fixture and equipment	41,792		38,706
Operating real estate	$	1,180,910	$	1,197,066
Accumulated depreciation	(74,229)		(65,247)
Operating real estate, net	$	1,106,681	$	1,131,819
Real estate held for sale, net (1)	$	47,540	$	—
Real estate, net (2)	$	1,154,221	$	1,131,819

(1)Real estate held for sale, net is recorded at the lower of the net carrying amount of the assets or the estimated fair value, net of selling costs. Includes one multi-family apartment property in a joint venture entity that owns several multi-family properties (and is not included in the repositioning referenced in (2) below) and certain single-family rental properties as of March 31, 2024.

(2)In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the real estate, net related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties is included in assets of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In December 2023 and March 2024, certain of the joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties were determined to no longer meet held for sale criteria and the associated real estate, net was reclassified to real estate, net on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the respective dates. See Note 9 for additional information.

Multi-family Apartment Properties

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company owned joint venture equity investments in entities that own multi-family apartment communities, which the Company determined to be VIEs and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the joint venture entities into its condensed consolidated financial statements (see Note 7). As of March 31, 2024, the Company determined that one of the multi-family apartment communities owned by an entity in which the Company holds a joint venture equity investment that is not in disposal group held for sale met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, transferred the property held by the joint venture entity from operating real estate to real estate held for sale and recognized no loss.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company became the primary beneficiary of a VIE that owns a multi-family apartment community and in which the Company holds a preferred equity investment. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the VIE into its consolidated financial statements (see Note 7).

The multi-family apartment communities generally lease their apartment units to individual tenants at market rates for the production of rental income. These apartment units are generally leased at a fixed monthly rate with no option for the lessee to purchase the leased unit at any point.

Operating real estate, net is periodically evaluated for impairment. As of March 31, 2024, the Company determined that four multi-family properties owned by joint venture equity investments were impaired. The calculation of impairment amounts utilized fair values that were estimated based upon discounted cash flow analyses using property financial information and assumptions regarding market rent, revenue and expense growth, capitalization rates and equity return rates. Accordingly, the Company recognized a $32.8 million impairment of real estate in the three months ended March 31, 2024.

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Single-family Rental Properties

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company owned single-family rental homes. These units are leased to individual tenants for the production of rental income and are generally leased at a fixed monthly rate with no option for the lessee to purchase the leased unit at any point.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company determined that certain single-family rental properties met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, transferred the properties from operating real estate to real estate held for sale and recognized a $4.0 million loss included in impairment of real estate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold several single-family rental properties for proceeds of approximately $0.9 million, recognizing a net gain on sale of approximately $0.1 million which is included in other (loss) income on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Lease Intangibles

Intangibles related to multi-family properties consist of the value of in-place leases and are included in other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents the components of lease intangibles, net as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Lease intangibles	$	56,656	$	54,581
Accumulated amortization	(55,705)		(52,203)
Lease intangibles, net	$	951	$	2,378

In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the lease intangibles, net related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties are included in assets of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In December 2023 and March 2024, certain of the joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties were determined to no longer meet held for sale criteria and the associated lease intangibles, net were reclassified to other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 9 for additional information.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

The following table presents depreciation and amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Depreciation expense on operating real estate	$	11,149	$	6,039
Amortization of lease intangibles related to operating real estate	1,427		—
Total depreciation and amortization	$	12,576	$	6,039

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9. Assets and Liabilities of Disposal Group Held for Sale

In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the Company determined that certain joint venture equity investments met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and transferred either the assets and liabilities of the respective Consolidated VIEs or its equity investment in the joint venture entity to assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale. In December 2023, the Company suspended the marketing of nine joint venture equity investments that were reported in assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale primarily due to unfavorable market conditions and a lack of transactional activity in the multi-family market. As such, the Company determined that these joint venture equity investments no longer met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and transferred either the assets and liabilities of the respective Consolidated VIEs or its equity investment in the joint venture entity to their respective categories or equity investments, at fair value, respectively, on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023.

In March 2024, the Company suspended the marketing of one additional joint venture equity investment, determined that it no longer met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and transferred the assets and liabilities of the Consolidated VIE to their respective categories on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024. As a result of this transfer, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the long-lived assets in the Consolidated VIE to the lower of the carrying amount before the assets were classified as held for sale adjusted for depreciation and amortization expense that would have been recognized had the assets been continuously classified as held and used and the fair value of the assets at the date of the transfer and recognized an approximately $14.6 million loss on reclassification of disposal group during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold its joint venture equity investment in a multi-family property, which resulted in the de-consolidation of the joint venture equity's assets and liabilities and a gain on de-consolidation of approximately $0.1 million, which is included in other (loss) income in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents the carrying values of the major classes of assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents (1)	$	2,615	$	5,676
Real estate, net (1)	138,984		407,834
Other assets (1)	4,764		12,507
Total assets of disposal group held for sale	$	146,363	$	426,017
Mortgages payable on real estate, net	$	119,640	$	378,386
Other liabilities	2,678		7,638
Total liabilities of disposal group held for sale (1)	$	122,318	$	386,024

(1)Certain assets and liabilities of the disposal group held for sale are in Consolidated VIEs because the Company is the primary beneficiary.

Also included in the disposal group held for sale are non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs in the amount of $1.7 million and $3.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

30

Real estate, net included in assets of disposal group held for sale is recorded at the lower of the net carrying amount of the assets or the estimated fair value, net of selling costs. Fair value for real estate, net was based upon a discounted cash flow analysis using property financial information and assumptions regarding market rent, revenue and expense growth, capitalization rates and equity return rates. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value, net of selling costs of a multi-family property owned by one of the joint venture entities in which we hold an equity investment that had previously been impaired was more than the property's net carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recognized a $0.6 million recovery of value in the three months ended March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2023, the fair values, net of selling costs of multi-family properties owned by two of the joint venture entities in which we hold equity investments were less than the properties' net carrying values. Accordingly, the Company recognized an $11.1 million impairment in the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, the fair value, net of selling costs of a multi-family property owned by one of the joint venture entities in which we hold an equity investment that had previously been impaired was more than the property's net carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recognized a $0.8 million recovery of value in the three months ended March 31, 2023. Impairment on real estate, net of recovery of previously impaired real estate, is included in impairment of real estate on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. See Note 16 for descriptions of valuation methodologies utilized for other classes of assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale.

The following table presents the pretax losses of the disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group held for sale	$	651	$	(11,978)
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	(30)		670
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	621	$	(11,308)

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10. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company enters into derivative financial instruments in connection with its risk management activities. These derivative instruments may include interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, credit default swaps, futures and options contracts such as options on credit default swap indices, equity index options, swaptions and options on futures. The Company may also pursue forward-settling purchases or sales of Agency RMBS where the underlying pools of mortgage loans are “To-Be-Announced,” or TBAs, purchase options on U.S. Treasury futures or invest in other types of mortgage derivative securities. The Company elected not to apply hedge accounting for its derivative instruments.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company and the entities that own multi-family properties in which the Company owns joint venture equity investments are required by lenders on certain repurchase agreement financing and variable-rate mortgages payable on real estate to enter into interest rate cap contracts that limit the indexed portion of the interest rate on the respective related financing to a strike rate based upon various SOFR tenors.

The Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge the variable cash flows associated with our variable-rate borrowings. Interest rate swaps generally involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty, based on SOFR, in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the interest rate swap without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in order to manage its position with regard to its liabilities, the Company may also enter into interest rate swaps which involve the receipt of fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable-rate payments, based on SOFR, over the life of the interest rate swap without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The variable rate the Company pays or receives under its swap agreements has the effect of offsetting the repricing characteristics and cash flows of the Company's financing arrangements.

The Company has equity index put options that give the Company the right to sell or buy the underlying index at a specified strike price, U.S. Treasury future contracts that obligate the Company to sell or buy U.S. Treasury securities for future delivery. The Company has purchased credit default swap index contracts under which a counterparty, in exchange for a premium, agrees to compensate the Company for the financial loss associated with the occurrence of a credit event in relation to a notional value of an index. The Company may also purchase credit default swap index options that allow the Company to enter into a fixed rate payor position in the underlying credit default swap index at the agreed strike level.

The following table summarizes the Company's derivative instruments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

		Fair Value
Type of Derivative Instrument	Consolidated Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Interest rate caps	Other assets	$	7,123	$	6,510
Options	Other assets	20		—
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	—		—
U.S. Treasury futures	Other assets	—		—
Total derivative assets (1)		$	7,143	$	6,510
Credit default swaps	Other liabilities	$	—	$	—
Total derivative liabilities		$	—	$	—

(1)Excludes interest rate cap contracts held by certain Consolidated VIEs included in other assets in disposal group held for sale.

32

The Company elects to net the fair value of its derivative contracts by counterparty when appropriate. These contracts contain legally enforceable provisions that allow for netting or setting off of all individual derivative receivables and payables with each counterparty and therefore, the fair values of those derivative contracts are reported net by counterparty. All of the Company’s interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and U.S. Treasury futures are cleared through two central clearing houses, CME Group Inc. ("CME Clearing"), which is the parent company of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc., or the Intercontinental Exchange ("ICE"). CME Clearing and ICE serve as the counterparty to every cleared transaction, becoming the buyer to each seller and the seller to each buyer, limiting the credit risk by guaranteeing the financial performance of both parties and netting down exposures. The Company also exchanges variation margin based upon daily changes in fair value, as measured by CME Clearing and ICE. The exchange of variation margin is treated as a legal settlement of the exposure under these contracts, as opposed to pledged collateral. Accordingly, the Company accounts for the receipt or payment of variation margin as a direct reduction to or increase in the carrying value of the related asset or liability.

The following tables present a reconciliation of gross derivative assets and liabilities to net amounts presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets		Variation Margin		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets
Derivative assets
Interest rate caps	$	7,123	$	—	$	—	$	7,123
Options	20		—		—		20
Interest rate swaps	30,879		(14,617)		(16,262)		—
U.S. Treasury futures	26		(3)		(23)		—
Total derivative assets	$	38,048	$	(14,620)	$	(16,285)	$	7,143
Derivative liabilities
Credit default swaps	$	(9,268)	$	—	$	9,268	$	—
Interest rate swaps	(14,617)		14,617		—		—
U.S. Treasury futures	(3)		3		—		—
Total derivative liabilities	$	(23,888)	$	14,620	$	9,268	$	—

	December 31, 2023
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets		Variation Margin		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets
Derivative assets
Interest rate caps	$	6,510	$	—	$	—	$	6,510
Interest rate swaps	13,094		(13,094)		—		—
Total derivative assets	$	19,604	$	(13,094)	$	—	$	6,510
Derivative liabilities
Interest rate swaps	$	(40,541)	$	13,094	$	27,447	$	—
Total derivative liabilities	$	(40,541)	$	13,094	$	27,447	$	—

33

The use of derivatives exposes the Company to counterparty credit risks in the event of a default by a counterparty. If a counterparty defaults under the applicable derivative agreement, the Company may be unable to collect payments to which it is entitled under its derivative agreements and may have difficulty collecting the assets it pledged as collateral against such derivatives.

The Company is required to post an initial margin amount for its interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, and U.S. Treasury futures determined by CME Clearing and ICE, which is generally intended to be set at a level sufficient to protect the exchange from the derivative financial instrument’s maximum estimated single-day price movement. The following table summarizes assets pledged as initial margin as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Initial Margin Collateral	Consolidated Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Agency RMBS	Investment securities available for sale, at fair value	$	35,020	$	—
Restricted cash	Other assets	31,620		53,458
Total initial margin collateral		$	66,640	$	53,458

Margin excess related to settlement of variation margin in the amount of approximately $8.0 million and $1.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, is included in other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Margin deficit related to settlement of variation margin in the amount of approximately $6.2 million as of March 31, 2024 is included in other liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The tables below summarize the activity of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Notional Amount For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Type of Derivative Instrument	December 31, 2023		Additions		Terminations		March 31, 2024
Interest rate caps	$	550,025	$	148,044	$	(161,165)	$	536,904
Options	—		202		(102)		100
Interest rate swaps	2,778,015		904,180		(305,450)		3,376,745
Credit default swaps	—		400,000		—		400,000
U.S. Treasury futures	—		280,750		(255,450)		25,300

	Notional Amount For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Type of Derivative Instrument	December 31, 2022	Additions	Terminations	March 31, 2023
Options	—	500,053	—	500,053
Interest rate swaps	—	341,300	—	341,300

The following tables present the components of realized gains (losses), net and unrealized gains (losses), net related to our derivative instruments that were not designated as hedging instruments, which are included in gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

34

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024				March 31, 2023
Type of Derivative Instrument	Realized Gains (Losses)		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Realized Gains (Losses)		Unrealized Gains (Losses)
Interest rate caps (1)	$	—	$	2,806	$	—	$	(1,455)
Options	(211)		(509)		—		(420)
Interest rate swaps	5,230		43,709		—		(2,487)
Credit default swaps	(1,011)		(995)		—		—
U.S. Treasury futures	169		23		—		—
Total	$	4,177	$	45,034	$	—	$	(4,362)

(1)Includes interest rate caps held by certain Consolidated VIEs included in other assets in disposal group held for sale.

35

The following table presents information about our interest rate cap contracts related to certain repurchase agreement financing and variable-rate mortgages payable on real estate that are not included in disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

March 31, 2024
Financing Type	Weighted Average SOFR Strike Price		SOFR Strike Price/Range		Notional Amount		Expiration Date/Range
Repurchase agreement	4.10	%	4.10	%	$	111,000	November 17, 2024
Mortgages payable on real estate	2.43	%	1.50% - 3.22%		425,904		April 1, 2024 - January 15, 2025

December 31, 2023
Financing Type	Weighted Average SOFR Strike Price		SOFR Strike Price/Range		Notional Amount		Expiration Date/Range
Repurchase agreement	4.10	%	4.10	%	$	111,000	November 17, 2024
Mortgages payable on real estate	2.13	%	1.50% - 3.22%		439,025		January 9, 2024 - January 15, 2025

The following table presents information about our interest rate swaps whereby we receive floating rate payments in exchange for fixed rate payments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2025	$	1,426,370	4.62	%	5.38	%
2026	323,985		4.19	%	5.36	%
2027	218,090		3.96	%	5.33	%
2028	674,804		4.03	%	5.39	%
2029	105,580		3.80	%	5.33	%
2033	358,806		4.04	%	5.38	%
2034	46,060		3.79	%	5.33	%
Total	$	3,153,695	4.30	%	5.38	%

	December 31, 2023
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2025	$	1,476,370	4.62	%	5.33	%
2026	214,985		4.19	%	5.33	%
2028	674,804		4.03	%	5.35	%
2033	358,806		4.04	%	5.34	%
Total	$	2,724,965	4.36	%	5.34	%

36

The following table presents information about our interest rate swaps whereby we receive fixed rate payments in exchange for floating rate payments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2026	$	109,000	4.08	%	5.34	%
2027	61,000		3.79	%	5.34	%
2028	9,550		3.48	%	5.35	%
2033	43,500		3.64	%	5.38	%
Total	$	223,050	3.89	%	5.35	%

	December 31, 2023
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2028	$	9,550	3.48	%	5.29	%
2033	43,500		3.64	%	5.33	%
Total	$	53,050	3.61	%	5.33	%

Certain of the Company’s derivative contracts are subject to International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreements or other similar agreements which may contain provisions that grant counterparties certain rights with respect to the applicable agreement upon the occurrence of certain events, including a decline in the Company's stockholders’ equity (as defined in the respective agreements) in excess of specified thresholds or dollar amounts over set periods of time, the Company’s failure to maintain its REIT status, the Company’s failure to comply with limits on the amount of leverage and the Company’s stock being delisted from Nasdaq.

37

11. Other Assets and Other Liabilities

Other Assets

The following table presents the components of the Company's other assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Restricted cash (1)	$	163,792	$	143,535
Real estate owned	41,397		34,353
Accrued interest receivable	39,936		37,312
Other assets in consolidated multi-family properties	24,321		28,923
Recoverable advances on residential loans	18,093		18,328
Other receivables	16,781		12,593
Collections receivable from residential loan servicers	16,732		14,956
Derivative assets (2)	7,143		6,510
Operating lease right-of-use assets	6,308		6,581
Deferred tax assets	4,162		4,510
Lease intangibles, net in consolidated multi-family properties	951		2,378
Other	5,383		5,378
Total	$	344,999	$	315,357

(1)Restricted cash represents cash held by third parties, initial margin for derivative contracts and cash held by the Company's securitization trusts.

(2)Includes derivative assets held in consolidated multi-family properties.

Other Liabilities

The following table presents the components of the Company's other liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Dividends and dividend equivalents payable	$	30,101	$	32,151
Accrued interest payable	27,836		23,653
Accrued expenses and other liabilities in consolidated multi-family properties	15,163		21,797
Operating lease liabilities	6,823		7,102
Accrued expenses	6,303		11,515
Swap margin payable	6,193		—
Deferred revenue	5,220		5,469
Advanced remittances from residential loan servicers	4,999		4,332
Unfunded commitments for residential and multi-family investments	3,701		6,587
Deferred tax liabilities	1,391		2,012
Other	3,021		3,398
Total	$	110,751	$	118,016

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12. Repurchase Agreements

The following table presents the carrying value of the Company's repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Repurchase Agreements Secured By:	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Investment securities	$	2,057,361	$	1,862,063
Residential loans and real estate owned	380,641		534,754
Single-family rental properties	74,006		74,296
Total carrying value	$	2,512,008	$	2,471,113

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had repurchase agreement exposure where the amount at risk was in excess of 5% of the Company's stockholders’ equity with Atlas SP and Bank of America at 6.39% and 5.02%, respectively. The amount at risk is defined as the fair value of assets pledged as collateral to the financing arrangement in excess of the financing arrangement liability.

The financings under certain of our repurchase agreements are subject to margin calls to the extent the market value of the collateral subject to the repurchase agreement falls below specified levels and repurchase may be accelerated upon an event of default under the repurchase agreements. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had assets available to be posted as margin which included liquid assets, such as unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, and unencumbered securities that could be monetized to pay down or collateralize the liability immediately. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $212.6 million included in cash and cash equivalents and $151.1 million in unencumbered investment securities available to meet additional haircuts or market valuation requirements. The following table presents information about the Company's unencumbered securities at March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Unencumbered Securities	March 31, 2024
Agency RMBS	$	85,101
Non-Agency RMBS (1) (2)	65,972
Total	$	151,073

(1)Includes IOs in Consolidated SLST with a fair value of $16.2 million as of March 31, 2024. Consolidated SLST securities owned by the Company are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

(2)Includes CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations with a fair value of $26.0 million as of March 31, 2024. Repurchased CDOs are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

The Company also had unencumbered residential loans with a fair value of $186.8 million at March 31, 2024.

Residential Loans, Real Estate Owned and Single-family Rental Properties

The Company has repurchase agreements with five financial institutions to finance residential loans, real estate owned and single-family rental properties. The following table presents detailed information about the Company’s financings under these repurchase agreements and associated assets pledged as collateral at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Maximum Aggregate Uncommitted Principal Amount		Outstanding Repurchase Agreements (1)		Net Deferred Finance Costs (2)		Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements		Carrying Value of Assets Pledged (3)		Weighted Average Rate		Weighted Average Months to Maturity (4)
March 31, 2024	$	2,225,000	$	456,038	$	(1,391)	$	454,647	$	607,904	7.91	%	12.82
December 31, 2023	$	2,225,000	$	611,055	$	(2,005)	$	609,050	$	805,082	7.87	%	13.89

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(1)Includes non-mark-to-market repurchase agreements with an aggregate outstanding balance of $103.0 million, a weighted average rate of 8.12%, and weighted average months to maturity of 12 months as of March 31, 2024. Includes non-mark-to-market repurchase agreements with an aggregate outstanding balance of $179.1 million, a weighted average rate of 8.19%, and weighted average months to maturity of 14 months as of December 31, 2023.

(2)Costs related to the repurchase agreements, which include commitment, underwriting, legal, accounting and other fees, are reflected as deferred charges. Such costs are presented as a deduction from the corresponding debt liability on the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method, or straight line-method, if the result is not materially different.

(3)Includes residential loans and real estate owned with an aggregate fair value of $466.5 million and single-family rental properties with a net carrying value of $141.4 million as of March 31, 2024. Includes residential loans with an aggregate fair value of $658.3 million and single-family rental properties with a net carrying value of $146.7 million as of December 31, 2023.

(4)The Company expects to roll outstanding amounts under these repurchase agreements into new repurchase agreements or other financings, or to repay outstanding amounts, prior to or at maturity.

During the terms of the repurchase agreements, proceeds from the residential loans will be applied to pay any price differential and to reduce the aggregate repurchase price of the collateral. The financings under the repurchase agreements with two of the counterparties with an aggregate outstanding balance of $353.1 million as of March 31, 2024 are subject to margin calls to the extent the market value of the collateral falls below specified levels and repurchase may be accelerated upon an event of default under the repurchase agreements.

The Company’s accrued interest payable on outstanding repurchase agreements secured by residential loans, real estate owned and single-family rental properties at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 amounted to $2.9 million and $3.7 million, respectively, and is included in other liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company, as required by a repurchase agreement with one counterparty, has entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the indexed portion of the interest rate on the related repurchase agreement to a fixed rate (see Note 10).

As of March 31, 2024, the Company's repurchase agreements contain various covenants, including among other things, the maintenance of certain amounts of liquidity and total stockholders' equity as defined in the respective agreements. The Company is in compliance with such covenants as of March 31, 2024 and through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Investment Securities

The Company has entered into repurchase agreements with financial institutions to finance certain investment securities available for sale, securities owned in Consolidated SLST and CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations. These repurchase agreements provide short-term financing that bear interest rates typically based on a spread to SOFR and are secured by the investment securities which they finance and additional collateral pledged, if any. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had amounts outstanding under repurchase agreements with seven counterparties.

The following table presents detailed information about the amounts outstanding under the Company’s repurchase agreements secured by investment securities and associated assets pledged as collateral at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Outstanding Repurchase Agreements		Fair Value of Collateral Pledged		Amortized Cost of Collateral Pledged		Outstanding Repurchase Agreements		Fair Value of Collateral Pledged		Amortized Cost of Collateral Pledged
Agency RMBS	$	1,991,485	$	2,097,364	$	2,098,851	$	1,771,436	$	1,894,052	$	1,869,415
Non-Agency RMBS (1) (2)	65,876		141,967		191,810		90,627		182,383		232,997
Balance at end of the period	$	2,057,361	$	2,239,331	$	2,290,661	$	1,862,063	$	2,076,435	$	2,102,412

40

(1)Includes first loss subordinated securities in Consolidated SLST with a fair value of $135.1 million and $140.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Consolidated SLST securities owned by the Company are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

(2)Includes CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations with a fair value of $6.9 million and $42.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Amounts included in amortized cost of collateral pledged for repurchased CDOs represent the current par value of the securities. Repurchased CDOs are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding balances under our repurchase agreements secured by investment securities were funded at a weighted average advance rate of 93.7% and 93.4%, respectively, that implies an average "haircut" of 6.3% and 6.6%, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, the weighted average "haircut" related to our repurchase agreement financing for our Agency RMBS and non-Agency RMBS was approximately 4.7% and 56.5%, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the average days to maturity for repurchase agreements secured by investment securities were 40 days and 46 days, respectively, and the weighted average interest rates were 5.55% and 5.66%, respectively. The Company’s accrued interest payable on outstanding repurchase agreements secured by investment securities at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 amounted to $16.8 million and $13.6 million, respectively, and is included in other liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents contractual maturity information about the Company’s outstanding repurchase agreements secured by investment securities at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Contractual Maturity	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Within 30 days	$	667,429	$	505,446
Over 30 days to 90 days	1,389,932		1,263,000
Over 90 days	—		93,617
Total	$	2,057,361	$	1,862,063

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13. Collateralized Debt Obligations

The Company's collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, are accounted for as financings and are non-recourse debt to the Company. See Note 7 for further discussion regarding the collateral pledged for the Company's CDOs as well as the Company's net investments in the related securitizations.

The following tables present a summary of the Company's CDOs as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Outstanding Face Amount		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Interest Rate (1) (2)		Stated Maturity (3)
Consolidated SLST at fair value (4)	$	640,426	$	582,627	2.75	%	2059
Residential loan securitizations at fair value (4)	528,534		497,141		5.28	%	2029 - 2068
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost	1,123,696		1,108,594		3.73	%	2026 - 2062
Total collateralized debt obligations	$	2,292,656	$	2,188,362

	December 31, 2023
	Outstanding Face Amount		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Interest Rate (1)		Stated Maturity (3)
Consolidated SLST at fair value (4)	$	652,933	$	593,737	2.75	%	2059
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost	1,292,015		1,276,780		4.00	%	2026 - 2062
Total collateralized debt obligations	$	1,944,948	$	1,870,517

(1)Weighted average interest rate is calculated using the outstanding face amount and stated interest rate of notes issued by the securitization and not owned by the Company.

(2)Certain of the Company's CDOs contain interest rate step-up features whereby the interest rate increases if the outstanding notes are not redeemed by expected redemption dates, as defined in the respective governing documents. The following table presents a summary of CDO interest rate step-up features as of March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Outstanding Balance		Step-Up	Step-Up Date	Additional Step-Up	Additional Step-Up Date
$	389,685	3.00%	August 2024 - July 2025	1.00%	August 2025 - July 2026
$	721,455	1.00%, 1.50%, or 2.00%	May 2024 - December 2026	N/A	N/A

(3)The actual maturity of the Company's CDOs are primarily determined by the rate of principal prepayments on the assets of the issuing entity. The CDOs are also subject to redemption prior to the stated maturity according to the terms of the respective governing documents. As a result, the actual maturity of the CDOs may occur earlier than the stated maturity.

(4)The Company has elected the fair value option for CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST and issued by residential loan securitizations completed after January 1, 2024 (see Note 16).

42

The Company's CDOs as of March 31, 2024 had stated maturities as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Total
2024	$	—
2025	—
2026	45,738
2027	222,888
2028	—
Thereafter	2,024,030
Total	$	2,292,656

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14. Debt

Senior Unsecured Notes    

On April 27, 2021, the Company completed the issuance and sale to various qualified institutional investors of $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of its unregistered 5.75% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "Unregistered Notes") in a private placement offering at 100% of the principal amount. The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Unregistered Notes, after deducting offering expenses, were approximately $96.3 million. Subsequent to the issuance of the Unregistered Notes, the Company conducted an exchange offer wherein the Company exchanged its registered 5.75% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "Registered Notes" and, together with the aggregate principal amount of Unregistered Notes that remain outstanding, the "Senior Unsecured Notes") for an equal principal amount of Unregistered Notes.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of its Senior Unsecured Notes outstanding. Costs related to the issuance of the Senior Unsecured Notes which include underwriting, legal, accounting and other fees, are reflected as deferred charges. The deferred charges, net of amortization, are presented as a deduction from the corresponding debt liability on the Company's accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets in the amount of $1.7 million and $1.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The deferred charges are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method, resulting in a total cost to the Company of approximately 6.64%.     

The Senior Unsecured Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.75% per year, subject to adjustment from time to time based on changes in the ratings of the Senior Unsecured Notes by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (a “NRSRO”). The annual interest rate on the Senior Unsecured Notes will increase by (i) 0.50% per year beginning on the first day of any six-month interest period if as of such day the Senior Unsecured Notes have a rating of BB+ or below and above B+ from any NRSRO and (ii) 0.75% per year beginning on the first day of any six-month interest period if as of such day the Senior Unsecured Notes have a rating of B+ or below or no rating from any NRSRO. Interest on the Senior Unsecured Notes is paid semi-annually in arrears on April 30 and October 30 of each year and the Senior Unsecured Notes will mature on April 30, 2026.

The Company had the right to redeem the Senior Unsecured Notes, in whole or in part, at any time prior to April 30, 2023 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Unsecured Notes to be redeemed, plus the applicable "make-whole" premium, plus accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. The "make-whole" premium was equal to the present value of all interest that would have accrued between the redemption date and up to, but excluding, April 30, 2023, plus an amount equal to the principal amount of such Senior Unsecured Notes multiplied by 2.875%. After April 30, 2023, the Company has the right to redeem the Senior Unsecured Notes, in whole or in part, at 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Unsecured Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, plus an amount equal to the principal amount of such Senior Unsecured Notes multiplied by a date-dependent multiple as detailed in the following table:

Redemption Period	Multiple
April 30, 2023 - April 29, 2024	2.875	%
April 30, 2024 - April 29, 2025	1.4375	%
April 30, 2025 - April 29, 2026	—

The Company did not exercise its redemption right prior to April 30, 2024. No sinking fund is provided for the Senior Unsecured Notes. The Senior Unsecured Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company that are structurally subordinated in right of payment to the Company's subordinated debentures.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company's Senior Unsecured Notes contain various covenants including the maintenance of a minimum net asset value, ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured indebtedness and senior debt service coverage ratio and limit the amount of leverage the Company may utilize and its ability to transfer the Company’s assets substantially as an entirety or merge into or consolidate with another person. The Company is in compliance with such covenants as of March 31, 2024 and through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Subordinated Debentures

Subordinated debentures are trust preferred securities that are fully guaranteed by the Company with respect to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation, redemption or repayment. Prior to July 2023, each of the Company's subordinated debentures incurred interest at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus an applicable spread, resetting quarterly. In light of the cessation of the publication of three-month LIBOR after June 30, 2023, and pursuant to the terms of each of the Company's subordinated debentures, as of March 31, 2024, the floating rate for each of the Company's subordinated debentures is equal to three-month CME Term SOFR plus both a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% per annum and the applicable spread.

The following table summarizes the key details of the Company’s subordinated debentures as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

	NYM Preferred Trust I		NYM Preferred Trust II
Principal value of trust preferred securities	$	25,000	$	20,000
Interest rate	Three-month CME Term SOFR plus tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% plus 3.75%, resetting quarterly		Three-month CME Term SOFR plus tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% plus 3.95%, resetting quarterly
Scheduled maturity	March 30, 2035		October 30, 2035

As of May 3, 2024, the Company has not been notified, and is not aware, of any event of default under the indenture for the subordinated debentures.

Mortgages Payable on Real Estate

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company owned joint venture equity investments in entities that own multi-family apartment communities, which the Company determined to be VIEs and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company also owned a preferred equity investment in a VIE that owns a multi-family apartment community and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the respective VIEs into its condensed consolidated financial statements (see Note 7).

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, one joint venture equity investment entered into a debt restructuring agreement with the senior lender for its mortgage payable. As part of the agreement, the required strike price of the interest rate cap agreement related to the mortgage payable increased and a portion of interest payments will be deferred until the maturity date. The restructuring did not result in a change in the carrying amount of the mortgage payable and no gain was recorded.

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The consolidated multi-family apartment communities are subject to mortgages payable collateralized by the associated real estate assets. The Company has no obligation for repayment of the mortgages payable but, with respect to certain of the mortgages payable, it may execute a guaranty related to commitment of bad acts. The following table presents detailed information for these mortgages payable on real estate as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Maximum Committed Mortgage Principal Amount		Outstanding Mortgage Balance		Net Deferred Finance Cost		Mortgage Payable, Net (1)		Stated Maturity	Weighted Average Interest Rate (2) (3)
March 31, 2024	$	879,354	$	855,217	$	(4,474)	$	850,743	2024 - 2032	6.57	%
December 31, 2023	810,047		789,053		(4,632)		784,421		2024 - 2032	6.41	%

(1)In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, mortgages payable on real estate related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties are included in liabilities of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In December 2023 and March 2024, certain of the joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties were determined to no longer meet held for sale criteria and the associated mortgages payable on real estate are included in mortgages payable on real estate, net on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the respective dates. See Note 9 for additional information.

(2)Weighted average interest rate is calculated using the outstanding mortgage balance and interest rate as of the date indicated.

(3)For variable-rate mortgages payable, the applicable entities, as required by loan agreements, entered into interest rate cap contracts with counterparties that limit the indexed portion of the interest rate to a fixed rate. See Note 10 for additional information.

Debt Maturities

As of March 31, 2024, maturities for debt on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,	Outstanding Balance
2024	$	53,615
2025	386,175
2026	126,595
2027	—
2028	—
2029	244,796
Thereafter	189,036
	$	1,000,217

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15. Commitments and Contingencies

Outstanding Litigation

The Company is at times subject to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2024, the Company does not believe that any of its current legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations, financial condition or cash flows.

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16. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company has established and documented processes for determining fair values. Fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If listed prices or quotes are not available, then fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use inputs that are market-based or independently-sourced market parameters, including interest rate yield curves.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 - inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following describes the valuation methodologies used for the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

a.Residential Loans Held in Consolidated SLST – Residential loans held in Consolidated SLST are carried at fair value and classified as Level 3 fair values. In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, the Company determines the fair value of residential loans held in Consolidated SLST based on the fair value of the CDOs issued by the securitization and its investment in the securitization (eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP), as the fair value of these instruments is more observable.

The investment securities (eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP) that we own in the securitization are generally illiquid and trade infrequently. As such, they are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair valuation of these investment securities is determined based on an internal valuation model that considers expected cash flows from the underlying loans and yields required by market participants. The significant unobservable inputs used in the measurement of these investments are projected losses within the pool of loans and a discount rate. The discount rate used in determining fair value incorporates default rate, loss severity, prepayment rate and current market interest rates. Significant increases or decreases in these inputs would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.

b.Residential Loans and Residential Loans Held in Securitization Trusts – The Company’s acquired residential loans are recorded at fair value and classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value for residential loans is determined using valuations obtained from a third party that specializes in providing valuations of residential loans. The valuation approach depends on whether the residential loan is considered performing, re-performing or non-performing at the date the valuation is performed.

For performing and re-performing loans, estimates of fair value are derived using a discounted cash flow model, where estimates of cash flows are determined from scheduled payments for each loan, adjusted using forecast prepayment rates, default rates and rates for loss upon default. For non-performing loans, asset liquidation cash flows are derived based on the estimated time to liquidate the loan, expected liquidation costs and home price appreciation. Estimated cash flows for both performing and non-performing loans are discounted at yields considered appropriate to arrive at a reasonable exit price for the asset. Indications of loan value such as actual trades, bids, offers and generic market color may be used in determining the appropriate discount yield.

The Company independently calculates valuations for residential loans based on discounted cash flows using an internal pricing model to validate all third party valuations of residential loans. The Company has established thresholds to compare internally generated prices with independent third-party prices and any differences that exceed the thresholds are reviewed both internally and with the third-party pricing service. The Company reconciles and resolves all pricing differences in excess of the thresholds before a final price is established.

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c.Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Loan Investments – Fair value for preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments is determined by both market comparable pricing and discounted cash flows. The discounted cash flows are based on the underlying estimated cash flows and estimated changes in market yields. The fair value also reflects consideration of changes in credit risk since origination or time of initial investment. This fair value measurement is generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

d.Investment Securities Available for Sale – The Company determines the fair value of all of its investment securities available for sale based on discounted cash flows utilizing an internal pricing model. The methodology considers the characteristics of the particular security and its underlying collateral, which are observable inputs. These inputs include, but are not limited to, delinquency status, coupon, loan-to-value ("LTV"), historical performance, periodic and life caps, collateral type, rate reset period, seasoning, prepayment speeds and credit enhancement levels. The Company also considers several observable market data points, including prices obtained from third-party pricing services or dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments, trading activity, and dialogue with market participants. Third-party pricing services typically incorporate commonly used market pricing methods, trading activity observed in the marketplace and other data inputs similar to those used in the Company's internal pricing model. The Company has established thresholds to compare internally generated prices with independent third-party prices and any differences that exceed the thresholds are reviewed both internally and with the third-party pricing service. The Company reconciles and resolves all pricing differences in excess of the thresholds before a final price is established. The Company’s investment securities available for sale are valued based upon readily observable market parameters and are classified as Level 2 fair values.

e.Equity Investments – Fair value for equity investments is determined (i) by the valuation process for preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments as described in c. above or (ii) using weighted multiples of origination volume and earnings before taxes, depreciation and amortization of the entity and the net asset value ("NAV") of the equity investment entity. These fair value measurements are generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

f.Derivative Instruments – The fair values of the Company's interest rate cap agreements are measured using models developed by either third-party pricing providers or the respective counterparty that use the market-standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts which would occur if floating interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The floating interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the interest rate caps are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. The inputs used in the valuation of interest rate caps fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company's interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and U.S. Treasury futures are classified as Level 2 fair values and are measured using valuations reported by the respective central clearing houses. The derivatives are presented net of variation margin payments pledged or received.

The Company's options are classified as Level 2 fair values and are measured using prices obtained from the counterparty.

The Company obtains additional third-party valuations for interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, U.S. Treasury futures, interest rate cap agreements and option contracts. The Company has established thresholds to compare different independent third-party prices and any differences that exceed the thresholds are reviewed both internally and with the third-party pricing services. The Company reconciles and resolves all pricing differences in excess of the thresholds before a final price is established.

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g.Collateralized Debt Obligations – CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST are classified as Level 3 fair values for which fair value is determined by considering several market data points, including prices obtained from third-party pricing services or dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments. The third-party pricing service or dealers incorporate common market pricing methods, including a spread measurement to the Treasury curve or interest rate swap curve as well as underlying characteristics of the particular security. They will also consider contractual cash payments and yields expected by market participants.

Refer to a. above for a description of the fair valuation of CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST that are eliminated in consolidation.

Fair value for CDOs issued by the Company's residential loan securitizations is determined by the valuation process for investment securities available for sale as described in d. above and, as such, are classified as Level 2 fair values.

Management reviews all prices used in determining fair value to ensure they represent current market conditions. This review includes surveying similar market transactions and comparisons to interest pricing models as well as offerings of like securities by dealers. Any changes to the valuation methodology are reviewed by management to ensure the changes are appropriate. As markets and products develop and the pricing for certain products becomes more transparent, the Company continues to refine its valuation methodologies. The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies, or assumptions, to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. The Company uses inputs that are current as of each reporting date, which may include periods of market dislocation, during which time price transparency may be reduced. This condition could cause the Company’s financial instruments to be reclassified from Level 2 to Level 3 in future periods.

The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets (dollar amounts in thousands):

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	Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis at
	March 31, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans:
Residential loans	$	—	$	—	$	640,729	$	640,729	$	—	$	—	$	827,535	$	827,535
Consolidated SLST	—		—		738,126		738,126		—		—		754,860		754,860
Residential loans held in securitization trusts	—		—		1,724,250		1,724,250		—		—		1,501,908		1,501,908
Investment securities available for sale:
Agency RMBS	—		2,217,485		—		2,217,485		—		1,989,324		—		1,989,324
Non-Agency RMBS	—		23,855		—		23,855		—		24,493		—		24,493
Multi-family loans	—		—		91,905		91,905		—		—		95,792		95,792
Equity investments	—		—		137,943		137,943		—		—		147,116		147,116
Derivative assets:
Interest rate caps (1) (2)	—		7,123		—		7,123		—		6,510		—		6,510
Options (2)	—		20		—		20		—		—		—		—
Interest rate swaps (2) (4)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
U.S. Treasury futures (2) (4)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Assets of disposal group held for sale (3)	—		740		—		740		—		2,960		—		2,960
Total	$	—	$	2,249,223	$	3,332,953	$	5,582,176	$	—	$	2,023,287	$	3,327,211	$	5,350,498
Liabilities carried at fair value
CDOs:
Consolidated SLST	$	—	$	—	$	582,627	$	582,627	$	—	$	—	$	593,737	$	593,737
Residential loan securitizations	—		497,141		—		497,141		—		—		—		—
Derivative liabilities:
Credit default swaps (2) (4)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	497,141	$	582,627	$	1,079,768	$	—	$	—	$	593,737	$	593,737

(1)Excludes assets of disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).

(2)Included in other assets or other liabilities, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(3)Includes derivative assets classified as Level 2 instruments in the amount of $0.7 million and $3.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(4)All of the Company’s interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and U.S. Treasury futures outstanding are cleared through central clearing houses. The Company exchanges variation margin for the derivative instruments based upon daily changes in fair value. Includes derivative assets of $30.9 million and derivative liabilities of $23.9 million netted against a net variation margin of $7.0 million as of March 31, 2024. Includes derivative liabilities of $40.5 million netted against derivative assets of $13.1 million and a variation margin of $27.4 million as of December 31, 2023. See Note 10 for additional information.

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The following tables detail changes in valuation for the Level 3 assets for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Assets:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Residential loans
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Multi-family loans		Equity investments		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	827,535	$	754,860	$	1,501,908	$	95,792	$	147,116	$	3,327,211
Total losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings	(2,924)		(138)		(1,773)		(2,137)		(2,037)		(9,009)
Transfers out (1)	(18,180)		—		(2,886)		—		—		(21,066)
Transfer to securitization trust, net (2)	(370,804)		—		370,804		—		—		—
Paydowns/Distributions	(62,718)		(16,596)		(152,806)		(1,750)		(7,136)		(241,006)
Sales	(22,204)		—		(6,708)		—		—		(28,912)
Purchases	290,024		—		15,711		—		—		305,735
Balance at the end of period	$	640,729	$	738,126	$	1,724,250	$	91,905	$	137,943	$	3,332,953

(1)Transfers out of Level 3 assets represents the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned, single-family rental properties and other assets.

(2)During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company transferred certain residential loans into residential loan securitizations (see Note 7 for further discussion of the Company's residential loan securitizations).

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Residential loans
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Multi-family loans		Equity investments		Equity investments in disposal group held for sale		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,081,384	$	827,582	$	1,616,114	$	87,534	$	179,746	$	9,010	$	3,801,370
Total (losses)/gains (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings	(599)		15,121		33,041		2,889		3,451		1,060		54,963
Transfers out (1)	(93)		—		(233)		—		—		—		(326)
Transfer to securitization trust, net (2)	(86,110)		—		86,110		—		—		—		—
Funding/Contributions	—		—		—		6,420		15,528		—		21,948
Paydowns/Distributions	(141,355)		(13,550)		(130,911)		(1,534)		(7,577)		—		(294,927)
Sales	(166)		—		—		—		—		—		(166)
Purchases	67,939		—		20,582		—		—		—		88,521
Balance at the end of period	$	921,000	$	829,153	$	1,624,703	$	95,309	$	191,148	$	10,070	$	3,671,383

(1)Transfers out of Level 3 assets represents the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned.

(2)During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company transferred certain residential loans into residential loan securitizations (see Note 7 for further discussion of the Company's residential loan securitizations).

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The following table details changes in valuation for the Level 3 liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Liabilities:

	Consolidated SLST CDOs
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	593,737	$	634,495
Total gains (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings	1,396		14,511
Paydowns	(12,506)		(10,493)
Balance at the end of period	$	582,627	$	638,513

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The following table discloses quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value (dollar amounts in thousands, except input values):

March 31, 2024	Fair Value	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Weighted Average	Range
Assets
Residential loans:
Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts (1)	$2,164,114	Discounted cash flow	Lifetime CPR	4.8%	—	-	56.5%
			Lifetime CDR	0.7%	—	-	22.1%
			Loss severity	11.9%	—	-	100.0%
			Yield	7.6%	5.1%	-	43.2%
	$200,865	Liquidation model	Annual home price appreciation/(depreciation)	0.2%	—	-	13.6%
			Liquidation timeline (months)	18	9	-	50
			Property value	$2,064,802	$14,000	-	$12,750,000
			Yield	7.5%	7.5%	-	26.9%
Consolidated SLST (3)	$738,126		Liability price	N/A
Total	$3,103,105
Multi-family loans (1)	$91,905	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	12.2%	11.0%	-	20.5%
			Months to assumed redemption	31	2	-	54
			Loss severity	—
Equity investments (1) (2)	$102,478	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	14.0%	13.0%	-	15.5%
			Months to assumed redemption	20	5	-	52
			Loss severity	—
Liabilities
Consolidated SLST CDOs (3) (4)	$582,627	Discounted cash flow	Yield	5.9%	5.0%	-	10.0%
			Collateral prepayment rate	6.1%	2.6%	-	7.0%
			Collateral default rate	1.3%	—	-	8.6%
			Loss severity	21.1%	10.8%	-	51.3%

(1)Weighted average amounts are calculated based on the weighted average fair value of the assets.

(2)Equity investments do not include equity ownership interests in an entity that originates residential loans. The fair value of this investment is determined using weighted multiples of origination volume and earnings before taxes, depreciation and amortization and NAV of the entity.

(3)In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, the Company determines the fair value of the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST based on the fair value of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own, as the fair value of these instruments is more observable. At March 31, 2024, the fair value of investment securities we own in Consolidated SLST amounts to $151.2 million.

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(4)Weighted average yield calculated based on the weighted average fair value of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own. Weighted average collateral prepayment rate, weighted average collateral default rate, and weighted average loss severity are calculated based on the weighted average unpaid balance of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own.

The following table details the changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, for our Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Assets
Residential loans:
Residential loans (1)	$	(8,303)	$	(3,320)
Consolidated SLST (1)	506		15,807
Residential loans held in securitization trusts (1)	(4,362)		30,077
Multi-family loans (1)	(4,777)		453
Equity investments (2)	(6,161)		(2,577)
Equity investments in disposal group held for sale (2)	—		1,060
Liabilities
Consolidated SLST CDOs (1)	(542)		(13,508)

(1)Presented in unrealized gains (losses), net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(2)Presented in (loss) income from equity investments on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

		March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	226,939	$	226,939	$	187,107	$	187,107
Residential loans	Level 3	3,103,105		3,103,105		3,084,303		3,084,303
Investment securities available for sale	Level 2	2,241,340		2,241,340		2,013,817		2,013,817
Multi-family loans	Level 3	91,905		91,905		95,792		95,792
Equity investments	Level 3	137,943		137,943		147,116		147,116
Derivative assets	Level 2	7,143		7,143		6,510		6,510
Derivative assets in disposal group held for sale	Level 2	740		740		2,960		2,960
Financial Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements	Level 2	2,512,008		2,512,008		2,471,113		2,471,113
Collateralized debt obligations:
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net	Level 3	1,108,594		1,082,924		1,276,780		1,237,531
Residential loan securitizations at fair value	Level 2	497,141		497,141		—		—
Consolidated SLST	Level 3	582,627		582,627		593,737		593,737
Subordinated debentures	Level 3	45,000		28,518		45,000		32,137
Senior unsecured notes	Level 2	98,299		95,861		98,111		94,952
Mortgages payable on real estate	Level 3	850,743		825,042		784,421		761,194
Mortgages payable on real estate in disposal group held for sale	Level 3	119,640		118,669		378,386		377,735

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In addition to the methodology to determine the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reported at fair value, as previously described, the following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in arriving at the fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments in the table immediately above:

a.Cash and cash equivalents – Estimated fair value approximates the carrying value of such assets.

b.Repurchase agreements – The fair value of these repurchase agreements approximates cost as they are short term in nature.

c.Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net – The fair value of these CDOs is based on discounted cash flows as well as market pricing on comparable obligations.

d.Subordinated debentures – The fair value of these subordinated debentures is based on discounted cash flows using management’s estimate for market yields.

e.Senior unsecured notes – The fair value is based on quoted prices provided by dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments.

f.Mortgages payable on real estate – The fair value of consolidated variable-rate mortgages payable approximates the carrying value of such liabilities. The fair value of consolidated fixed-rate mortgages payable is estimated based upon discounted cash flows at current borrowing rates.

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17. Stockholders' Equity

(a) Preferred Stock

The Company had 200,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Preferred Stock"), with 22,164,414 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company has four outstanding series of cumulative redeemable preferred stock: 8.00% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series D Preferred Stock”), 7.875% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series E Preferred Stock”), 6.875% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series F Preferred Stock”) and 7.000% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series G Preferred Stock”). Each series of the Preferred Stock is senior to the Company’s common stock with respect to dividends and distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

In March 2023, the Board of Directors approved a $100.0 million preferred stock repurchase program. The program, which expires March 31, 2025, allows the Company to make repurchases of shares of Preferred Stock, from time to time, in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means, in accordance with applicable securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its preferred stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 19,177 shares of Series G Preferred Stock pursuant to the preferred stock repurchase program for a total cost of approximately $0.3 million, including fees and commissions paid to the broker, representing an average repurchase price of $16.64 per preferred share. The difference between the consideration transferred and the carrying value of the preferred stock resulted in a gain attributable to common stockholders of approximately $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2024, $97.6 million of the approved amount remained available for the repurchase of shares of Preferred Stock under the preferred stock repurchase program.

The following table summarizes the Company’s Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Class of Preferred Stock	Shares Authorized	Shares Issued and Outstanding	Carrying Value		Liquidation Preference		Contractual Rate (1)		Optional Redemption Date (2)	Fixed-to-Floating Rate Conversion Date (1)(3)	Floating Annual Rate (4) (5)
Fixed-to-Floating Rate
Series D	8,400,000	6,107,318	$	147,745	$	152,683	8.000	%	October 15, 2027	October 15, 2027	3M LIBOR + 5.695%
Series E	9,900,000	7,343,151	177,697		183,579		7.875	%	January 15, 2025	January 15, 2025	3M LIBOR + 6.429%
Series F	7,750,000	5,740,209	138,418		143,505		6.875	%	October 15, 2026	October 15, 2026	3M SOFR + 6.130%
Fixed Rate
Series G	5,450,000	2,973,736	71,585		74,343		7.000	%	January 15, 2027
Total	31,500,000	22,164,414	$	535,445	$	554,110

(1)The Company's fixed rate preferred stock is entitled to receive a dividend at the contractual rate shown, per year on its $25 liquidation preference. Each series of fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock is entitled to receive a dividend at the contractual rate shown, respectively, per year on its $25 liquidation preference up to, but excluding, the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date.

(2)Each series of Preferred Stock is not redeemable by the Company prior to the respective optional redemption date disclosed except under circumstances intended to preserve the Company’s qualification as a REIT and except upon occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined in the Articles Supplementary designating the Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock, Series F Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock, respectively).

(3)Beginning on the respective fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, each of the Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock is entitled to receive a dividend on a floating rate basis according to the terms disclosed in footnotes (4) and (5) below.

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(4)Prior to July 2023, on and after the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, each of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock were entitled to receive a dividend at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus the respective spread disclosed above per year on its $25 liquidation preference. In light of the cessation of the publication of three-month LIBOR after June 30, 2023, and pursuant to the Articles Supplementary for each of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock and the applicability of the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021 to the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, given all of the information available to the Company to date, the Company believes that three-month CME Term SOFR plus the applicable tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% per annum will automatically replace three-month LIBOR as the reference rate for calculations of the dividend rate payable on the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock for dividend periods from and after the respective fixed-to-floating rate conversion date.

(5)On and after the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, the Series F Preferred Stock is entitled to receive a dividend at a floating rate equal to three-month SOFR plus the spread disclosed above per year on its $25 liquidation preference.

For each series of Preferred Stock, on or after the respective optional redemption date disclosed, the Company may, at its option, redeem the respective series of Preferred Stock in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, for cash at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends. In addition, upon the occurrence of a change of control, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Preferred Stock in whole or in part, within 120 days after the first date on which such change of control occurred, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends.

The Preferred Stock generally do not have any voting rights, subject to an exception in the event the Company fails to pay dividends on such stock for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive). Under such circumstances, holders of the Preferred Stock voting together as a single class with the holders of all other classes or series of our preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable and which are entitled to vote as a class with the Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote to elect two additional directors to the Company’s Board of Directors until all unpaid dividends have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In addition, certain material and adverse changes to the terms of any series of the Preferred Stock cannot be made without the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the series of Preferred Stock whose terms are being changed.

The Preferred Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless repurchased or redeemed by the Company or converted into the Company’s common stock in connection with a change of control.

Upon the occurrence of a change of control, each holder of Preferred Stock will have the right (unless the Company has exercised its right to redeem the Preferred Stock) to convert some or all of the Preferred Stock held by such holder into a number of shares of our common stock per share of the applicable series of Preferred Stock determined by a formula, in each case, on the terms and subject to the conditions described in the applicable Articles Supplementary for such series.

(b) Dividends on Preferred Stock

The following table presents the relevant information with respect to quarterly cash dividends declared on the Preferred Stock commencing January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2024:

			Cash Dividend Per Share
Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Series D Preferred Stock		Series E Preferred Stock		Series F Preferred Stock		Series G Preferred Stock
March 13, 2024	April 1, 2024	April 15, 2024	$	0.50	$	0.4921875	$	0.4296875	$	0.43750
December 14, 2023	January 1, 2024	January 15, 2024	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750
September 11, 2023	October 1, 2023	October 15, 2023	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750
June 6, 2023	July 1, 2023	July 15, 2023	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750
March 9, 2023	April 1, 2023	April 15, 2023	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750

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(c) Common Stock

The Company had 200,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, with 91,231,039 and 90,675,403 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

On February 22, 2023, the Company announced that the Board of Directors approved the Reverse Stock Split. The Reverse Stock Split was effected as of 12:01 a.m., New York City time, on March 9, 2023 (the “Effective Time”). Accordingly, at the Effective Time, every four issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock were converted into one share of the Company’s common stock, with a proportionate reduction in the Company’s authorized shares of common stock, outstanding equity awards and number of shares remaining available for issuance under the Company's 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the "2017 Plan"). In connection with the reverse stock split, the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock was also reduced on a one-for-four basis, from 800,000,000 to 200,000,000. The par value of each share of common stock remained unchanged. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Instead, each stockholder holding fractional shares as a result of the Reverse Stock Split was entitled to receive, in lieu of such fractional shares, cash in an amount based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on March 8, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split applied to all of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock and therefore did not affect any stockholder’s ownership percentage of shares of the Company’s common stock, except for de minimis changes resulting from the payment of cash in lieu of fractional shares. All common share and per common share data included in these condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted on a retroactive basis to reflect the impact of the Reverse Stock Split.

In February 2022, the Board of Directors approved a $200.0 million common stock repurchase program. In March 2023, the Board of Directors approved an upsize of the common stock repurchase program to $246.0 million. The program, which expires March 31, 2025, allows the Company to make repurchases of shares of common stock, from time to time, in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means, in accordance with applicable securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 377,508 shares of its common stock pursuant to the common stock repurchase program for a total cost of approximately $3.6 million, including fees and commissions paid to the broker, representing an average repurchase price of $9.56 per common share.

As of March 31, 2024, $193.2 million of the approved amount remained available for the repurchase of shares of the Company's common stock under the common stock repurchase program.

(d) Dividends on Common Stock

The following table presents cash dividends declared by the Company on its common stock with respect to the quarterly periods commencing January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2024:

Period	Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Cash Dividend Per Share
First Quarter 2024	March 13, 2024	March 25, 2024	April 25, 2024	$	0.20
Fourth Quarter 2023	December 14, 2023	December 26, 2023	January 26, 2024	0.20
Third Quarter 2023	September 11, 2023	September 21, 2023	October 26, 2023	0.30
Second Quarter 2023	June 6, 2023	June 16, 2023	July 26, 2023	0.30
First Quarter 2023	March 9, 2023	March 20, 2023	April 26, 2023	0.40

(e) Equity Distribution Agreements

On August 10, 2021, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the “Common Equity Distribution Agreement”) with a sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having a maximum aggregate sales price of up to $100.0 million from time to time through the sales agent. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares of common stock issuable under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement.

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There were no shares of the Company's common stock issued under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. As of March 31, 2024, approximately $100.0 million of common stock remains available for issuance under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement.

On March 29, 2019, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the "Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement"), most recently amended on March 2, 2022, with a sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its Preferred Stock, having a maximum aggregate gross sales price of up to $149.1 million from time to time through the sales agent. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares of Preferred Stock issuable under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement.

There were no shares of Preferred Stock issued under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. As of March 31, 2024, approximately $100.0 million of Preferred Stock remains available for issuance under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement.

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18. (Loss) Earnings Per Common Share

The Company calculates basic (loss) earnings per common share by dividing net (loss) income attributable to the Company's common stockholders for the period by weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for that period. Diluted (loss) earnings per common share takes into account the effect of dilutive instruments, such as performance share units ("PSUs") and restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and the number of incremental shares that are to be added to the weighted-average number of shares outstanding.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 the PSUs and RSUs awarded under the 2017 Plan were determined to be anti-dilutive and were not included in the calculation of diluted loss per common share. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, certain of the PSUs awarded under the 2017 Plan were determined to be dilutive and were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share under the treasury stock method. Under this method, common equivalent shares are calculated assuming that target PSUs and outstanding RSUs vest according to the respective PSU and RSU agreements and unrecognized compensation cost is used to repurchase shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock at the average market price during the reported period. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the RSUs awarded under the 2017 Plan were determined to be anti-dilutive and were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per common share for the periods indicated (dollar and share amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Basic (Loss) Earnings per Common Share:
Net (loss) income attributable to Company	$	(57,901)	$	20,863
Less: Preferred Stock dividends	(10,439)		(10,484)
Plus: Gain on repurchase of Preferred Stock	—		142
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	(68,340)	$	10,521
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	91,117		91,314
Basic (Loss) Earnings per Common Share	$	(0.75)	$	0.12
Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share:
Net (loss) income attributable to Company	$	(57,901)	$	20,863
Less: Preferred Stock dividends	(10,439)		(10,484)
Plus: Gain on repurchase of Preferred Stock	—		142
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	(68,340)	$	10,521
Weighted average common shares outstanding	91,117		91,314
Net effect of assumed PSUs vested	—		358
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	91,117		91,672
Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share	$	(0.75)	$	0.11

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19. Stock Based Compensation

Pursuant to the 2017 Plan, as approved by the Company's stockholders, eligible employees, officers and directors of the Company and individuals who provide services to the Company are offered the opportunity to acquire the Company's common stock through equity awards under the 2017 Plan. The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the 2017 Plan is 10,792,500.

Of the common stock authorized at March 31, 2024, 6,161,318 shares remain available for issuance under the 2017 Plan. The Company’s non-employee directors have been issued 301,472 shares under the 2017 Plan as of March 31, 2024. The Company’s employees have been issued 1,543,880 shares of restricted stock under the 2017 Plan as of March 31, 2024. At March 31, 2024, there were 616,752 shares of non-vested restricted stock outstanding, 1,109,884 common shares reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding PSUs under the 2017 Plan and 194,211 common shares reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding RSUs under the 2017 Plan.

Of the common stock authorized at December 31, 2023, 6,249,922 shares were reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan. The Company's non-employee directors had been issued 301,472 shares under the 2017 Plan as of December 31, 2023. The Company’s employees had been issued 1,204,781 shares of restricted stock under the 2017 Plan as of December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, there were 524,570 shares of non-vested restricted stock outstanding, 1,802,352 common shares reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding PSUs under the 2017 Plan and 351,974 common shares reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding RSUs under the 2017 Plan.

(a) Restricted Common Stock Awards

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized non-cash compensation expense on its restricted common stock awards of $0.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Dividends are paid on all restricted stock issued, whether those shares have vested or not. Non-vested restricted stock is forfeited upon the recipient's termination of employment, subject to certain exceptions.

A summary of the activity of the Company's non-vested restricted stock under the 2017 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is presented below:

	2024			2023
	Number of Non-vested Restricted Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)		Number of Non-vested Restricted Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)
Non-vested shares as of January 1	524,570	$	13.57	526,074	$	16.34
Granted	342,628	8.23		275,248	12.36
Vested	(246,917)	13.90		(244,015)	18.18
Forfeited	(3,529)	11.33		(6,771)	13.04
Non-vested shares as of March 31	616,752	$	10.45	550,536	$	13.57
Restricted stock granted during the period	342,628	$	8.23	275,248	$	12.36

(1)The grant date fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date.

At March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had unrecognized compensation expense of $5.8 million and $6.8 million, respectively, related to the non-vested shares of restricted common stock under the 2017 Plan. The unrecognized compensation expense at March 31, 2024 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years. The total fair value of restricted shares vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $2.1 million and $3.0 million, respectively. The requisite service period for restricted stock awards at issuance is three years and the restricted common stock vests ratably over the requisite service period.

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(b) Performance Share Units

Under the 2017 Plan, PSUs are instruments that provide the holder the right to receive one share of the Company's common stock once a performance condition has been satisfied. The awards were issued pursuant to and are consistent with the terms and conditions of the 2017 Plan.

The grant date fair value of the PSUs was determined through a Monte-Carlo simulation of the Company’s common stock total shareholder return and the common stock total shareholder return of its identified performance peer companies to determine the relative total shareholder return of the Company’s common stock over a future period of three years. For PSUs granted, the inputs used by the model to determine the fair value are (i) historical stock price volatilities of the Company and its identified performance peer companies over the most recent three-year period and correlation between each company's stock and the identified performance peer group over the same time series and (ii) a risk free rate for the period interpolated from the U.S. Treasury yield curve on grant date.

The PSUs include dividend equivalent rights ("DERs") which shall remain outstanding from the grant date until the earlier of the settlement or forfeiture of the PSU to which the DER corresponds. Each vested DER entitles the holder to receive payments in an amount equal to any dividends paid by the Company in respect of the share of the Company’s common stock underlying the PSU to which such DER relates. Upon vesting of the PSUs, the DER will also vest. DERs will be forfeited upon forfeiture of the corresponding PSUs. The DERs may be settled in cash or stock at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. The DERs that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were settled in cash.

A summary of the activity of the target PSU awards under the 2017 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is presented below:

	2024			2023
	Number of Non-vested Target Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)		Number of Non-vested Target Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)
Non-vested target PSUs as of January 1	905,825	$	18.12	786,577	$	23.06
Vested	(350,886)	22.31		(201,978)	28.18
Non-vested target PSUs as of March 31	554,939	$	15.47	584,599	$	21.29

(1)The grant date fair value of the PSUs was determined through a Monte-Carlo simulation of the Company’s common stock total shareholder return and the common stock total shareholder return of its identified performance peer companies to determine the relative total shareholder return of the Company’s common stock over a future period of three years.

The three-year performance period for PSUs granted in 2021 ended on December 31, 2023, resulting in the vesting of 441,973 shares of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024 with a fair value of $3.6 million on the vesting date. The number of vested shares related to PSUs granted in 2021 was greater than the target PSUs of 350,886. The three-year performance period for PSUs granted in 2020 ended on December 31, 2022, resulting in the vesting of 161,577 shares of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023 with a fair value of $2.0 million on the vesting date. The number of vested shares related to PSUs granted in 2020 was less than the target PSUs of 201,978. Non-vested PSUs are forfeited upon the recipient's termination of employment, subject to certain exceptions.

As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, there was $4.1 million and $4.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of the PSUs, respectively. The unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of the PSUs at March 31, 2024 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years. Compensation expense related to the PSUs was $0.8 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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(c) Restricted Stock Units

Under the 2017 Plan, each RSU represents an unfunded promise to receive one share of the Company's common stock upon satisfaction of the vesting provisions. The awards were issued pursuant to and are consistent with the terms and conditions of the 2017 Plan. The requisite service period for RSUs at issuance is three years and the RSUs vest ratably over the requisite service period.

The RSUs include DERs which shall remain outstanding from the grant date until the earlier of the settlement or forfeiture of the RSU to which the DER corresponds. Each vested DER entitles the holder to receive payments in an amount equal to any dividends paid by the Company in respect of the share of the Company’s common stock underlying the RSU to which such DER relates. Upon vesting of the RSUs, the DER will also vest. DERs will be forfeited upon forfeiture of the corresponding RSUs. The DERs may be settled in cash or stock at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. The DERs that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were settled in cash.

A summary of the activity of the RSU awards under the 2017 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is presented below:

	2024			2023
	Number of Non-vested Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)		Number of Non-vested Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)
Non-vested RSUs as of January 1	351,974	$	11.65	263,708	$	16.11
Vested	(157,763)	12.45		(131,094)	17.40
Forfeited	—	—		(13,550)	14.76
Non-vested RSUs as of March 31	194,211	$	10.99	119,064	$	14.83

(1)The grant date fair value of RSUs is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, 157,763 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the vesting of RSUs at a fair value of $1.3 million on the vesting date. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, 131,094 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the vesting of RSUs at a fair value of $1.4 million on the vesting date. Non-vested RSUs are forfeited upon the recipient's termination of employment, subject to certain exceptions.

As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, there was $1.8 million and $1.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of the RSUs, respectively. The unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of the RSUs at March 31, 2024 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years. Compensation expense related to the RSUs was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

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20. Income Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As long as the Company qualifies as a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on its taxable income to the extent it annually distributes at least 100% of its taxable income to stockholders and does not engage in prohibited transactions. Certain activities the Company performs may produce income that will not be qualifying income for REIT purposes. The Company has designated its TRSs to engage in these activities. The tables below reflect the taxes accrued at the TRS level and the tax attributes included in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The income tax (benefit) expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is comprised of the following components (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Current income tax expense	$	163	$	187
Deferred income tax benefit	(274)		(171)
Total income tax (benefit) expense	$	(111)	$	16

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The major sources of temporary differences included in the deferred tax assets (liabilities) and their deferred tax effect as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carryforward	$	8,777	$	7,128
Capital loss carryover	25,397		19,597
GAAP/Tax basis differences	6,275		2,989
Deferred tax assets	40,449		29,714
Less: Valuation allowance	(36,287)		(25,204)
Net deferred tax assets (1)	4,162		4,510
Deferred tax liabilities
GAAP/Tax basis differences	1,391		2,012
Deferred tax liabilities (2)	1,391		2,012
Total net deferred tax asset	$	2,771	$	2,498

(1)Included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Included in other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company, through wholly-owned TRSs, had incurred net operating losses in the aggregate amount of approximately $25.8 million. The Company’s carryforward net operating losses can be carried forward indefinitely until they are offset by future taxable income. Additionally, as of March 31, 2024, the Company, through its wholly-owned TRSs, had also incurred approximately $74.5 million in capital losses. The Company's carryforward capital losses will expire between 2025 and 2029 if they are not offset by future capital gains.

At March 31, 2024, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets as management does not believe that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be realized. The change in the valuation for the current year is an increase of approximately $11.1 million. We will continue to monitor positive and negative evidence related to the utilization of the remaining deferred tax assets for which a valuation allowance continues to be provided.

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The Company files income tax returns with the U.S. federal government and various state and local jurisdictions. The Company's federal, state and city income tax returns are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and related tax authorities generally for three years after they were filed. The Company has assessed its tax positions for all open years and concluded that there are no material uncertainties to be recognized.

Based on the Company’s evaluation, the Company has concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s financial statements. To the extent that the Company incurs interest and accrued penalties in connection with its tax obligations, including expenses related to the Company’s evaluation of unrecognized tax positions, such amounts will be included in income tax expense.

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21. Net Interest Income

The following table details the components of the Company's interest income and interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Interest income
Residential loans
Residential loans	$	11,689	$	16,954
Consolidated SLST	8,127		8,733
Residential loans held in securitization trusts	26,931		24,721
Total residential loans	46,747		50,408
Investment securities available for sale	32,903		3,169
Multi-family loans	2,642		2,436
Other	1,600		1,123
Total interest income	83,892		57,136
Interest expense
Repurchase agreements	39,153		13,068
Collateralized debt obligations
Consolidated SLST	5,801		6,315
Residential loan securitizations	18,376		17,376
Total collateralized debt obligations	24,177		23,691
Senior unsecured notes	1,626		1,614
Subordinated debentures	1,073		962
Total interest expense	66,029		39,335
Net interest income	$	17,863	$	17,801

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22. Other (Loss) Income

The following table details the components of the Company's other (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan premiums resulting from early redemption	$	98	$	—
Gain on sale of real estate	134		—
Gain on de-consolidation of joint venture equity investment in Consolidated VIE	50		—
(Loss) gain on extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations and mortgages payable on real estate	(692)		1,170
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable (1)	(3,207)		—
Miscellaneous income	25		105
Total other (loss) income	$	(3,592)	$	1,275

(1)As of March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a provision for uncollectible accounts receivable for asset management expenses incurred related to a non-accrual multi-family loan that are in excess of anticipated redemption proceeds (see Note 5).

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23. Subsequent Events

In April 2024, the Company exercised its right to an optional redemption of one of its residential loan securitizations with an outstanding principal balance of $45.7 million at the time of redemption and returned the assets held by the trust to the Company.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

When used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in future filings with the SEC or in press releases or other written or oral communications issued or made by us, statements which are not historical in nature, including those containing words such as “will,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “continue,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “may,” or similar expressions, are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and, as such, may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions. 

Forward-looking statements are based on estimates, projections, beliefs and assumptions of management of the Company at the time of such statements and are not guarantees of future performance. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties in predicting future results and conditions. Actual results and outcomes could differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation:

•changes in our business and investment strategy;

•inflation and changes in interest rates and the fair market value of our assets, including negative changes resulting in margin calls relating to the financing of our assets;

•changes in credit spreads;

•changes in the long-term credit ratings of the U.S., Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae;

•general volatility of the markets in which we invest;

•changes in prepayment rates on the loans we own or that underlie our investment securities;

•increased rates of default, delinquency or vacancy and/or decreased recovery rates on or at our assets;

•our ability to identify and acquire our targeted assets, including assets in our investment pipeline;

•our ability to dispose of assets from time to time on terms favorable to us, including the disposition over time of our joint venture equity investments;

•changes in our relationships with our financing counterparties and our ability to borrow to finance our assets and the terms thereof;

•changes in our relationships with and/or the performance of our operating partners;

•our ability to predict and control costs;

•changes in laws, regulations or policies affecting our business;

•our ability to make distributions to our stockholders in the future;

•our ability to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for federal tax purposes;

•our ability to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”);

•impairments in the value of the collateral underlying our investments;

•our ability to manage or hedge credit risk, interest rate risk, and other financial and operational risks;

•our exposure to liquidity risk, risks associated with the use of leverage, and market risks; and

•risks associated with investing in real estate assets, including changes in business conditions and the general economy, the availability of investment opportunities and the conditions in the market for Agency RMBS, non-Agency RMBS, ABS and CMBS securities, residential loans, structured multi-family investments and other mortgage-, residential housing- and credit-related assets.

These and other risks, uncertainties and factors, including the risk factors described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated by those risks described in our subsequent filings with the SEC under the Exchange Act, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time and it is not possible to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Defined Terms

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q we refer to New York Mortgage Trust, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries, as “we,” “us,” “Company,” or “our,” unless we specifically state otherwise or the context indicates otherwise, and we refer to our wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiaries as “TRSs” and our wholly-owned qualified REIT subsidiaries as “QRSs.” In addition, the following defines certain of the commonly used terms in this report:

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•“ABS” refers to debt and/or equity tranches of securitizations backed by various asset classes including, but not limited to, automobiles, aircraft, credit cards, equipment, franchises, recreational vehicles and student loans;

•“Agency ARMs” refers to Agency RMBS comprised of adjustable-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate RMBS;

•“Agency fixed-rate RMBS” refers to Agency RMBS comprised of fixed-rate RMBS;

•“Agency RMBS” refers to RMBS representing interests in or obligations backed by pools of residential loans guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac"), or an agency of the U.S. government, such as the Governmental National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”);

•“ARMs” refers to adjustable-rate residential loans;

•“business purpose loans” refers to (i) short-term loans that are collateralized by residential properties and are made to investors who intend to rehabilitate and sell the residential property for a profit or (ii) loans that finance (or refinance) non-owner occupied residential properties that are rented to one or more tenants;

•“CDO” refers to collateralized debt obligation and includes debt that permanently finances the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST and the Company's residential loans held in securitization trusts that we consolidate, or consolidated, in our financial statements in accordance with GAAP;

•“CMBS” refers to commercial mortgage-backed securities comprised of commercial mortgage pass-through securities issued by a government sponsored enterprise ("GSE"), as well as PO, IO or mezzanine securities that represent the right to a specific component of the cash flow from a pool of commercial mortgage loans;

•“Consolidated SLST” refers to a Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization, comprised of seasoned re-performing and non-performing residential loans, of which we own the first loss subordinated securities and certain IOs that we consolidate in our financial statements in accordance with GAAP;

•“Consolidated Real Estate VIEs” refers to Consolidated VIEs that own multi-family properties;

•“Consolidated VIEs” refers to VIEs where the Company is the primary beneficiary, as it has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and a right to receive benefits or absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE and that we consolidate in our financial statements in accordance with GAAP;

•“excess mortgage servicing spread” or “excess MSR” refers to the difference between the contractual servicing fee with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae and the base servicing fee that is retained as compensation for servicing or subservicing the related mortgage loans pursuant to the applicable servicing contract;

•“GAAP” refers to generally accepted accounting principles within the United States;

•“IOs” refers collectively to interest only and inverse interest only mortgage-backed securities that represent the right to the interest component of the cash flow from a pool of mortgage loans;

•“MBS” refers to mortgage-backed securities;

•"Mezzanine Lending" refers, collectively, to preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments;

•“multi-family CMBS” refers to CMBS backed by commercial mortgage loans on multi-family properties;

•“non-Agency RMBS” refers to RMBS that are not guaranteed by any agency of the U.S. Government or GSE;

•“POs” refers to mortgage-backed securities that represent the right to the principal component of the cash flow from a pool of mortgage loans;

•“RMBS” refers to residential mortgage-backed securities backed by adjustable-rate, hybrid adjustable-rate or fixed-rate residential loans;

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•“second mortgages” refers to liens on residential properties that are subordinate to more senior mortgages or loans; and

•“Variable Interest Entity” or “VIE” refers to an entity in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.

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Portfolio Update

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we continued to purchase Agency RMBS and selectively pursue new single-family residential loans. Our investment activity was offset primarily by prepayments, redemptions and distributions. The following table presents the activity for our investment portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands):

	December 31, 2023		Acquisitions (1)		Repayments (2)		Sales		Transfers from Disposal Group Held for Sale (3)		Fair Value Changes and Other (4)		March 31, 2024
Residential loans	$	2,329,443	$	305,735	$	(215,524)	$	(28,912)	$	—	$	(25,763)	$	2,364,979
Investment securities
Agency RMBS	1,989,324		297,553		(35,841)		—		—		(33,551)		2,217,485
Non-Agency RMBS	24,493		—		—		—		—		(638)		23,855
Total investment securities available for sale	2,013,817		297,553		(35,841)		—		—		(34,189)		2,241,340
Consolidated SLST (5)	157,154		—		(4,380)		—		—		(1,535)		151,239
Total investment securities	2,170,971		297,553		(40,221)		—		—		(35,724)		2,392,579
Preferred equity investments, mezzanine loans and equity investments	242,908		—		(5,000)		—		—		(8,060)		229,848
Equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties (6)	211,214		4,453		(320)		—		(658)		(25,159)		189,530
Equity investments in disposal group held for sale (3)	36,815		—		(1,166)		(50)		658		(13,947)		22,310
Single-family rental properties	151,885		433		—		(757)		—		(2,501)		149,060
Total investment portfolio	$	5,143,236	$	608,174	$	(262,231)	$	(29,719)	$	—	$	(111,154)	$	5,348,306

(1)Includes draws funded for business purpose bridge loans and existing joint venture equity investments and capitalized costs for single-family rental properties.

(2)Includes principal repayments and return of invested capital.

(3)In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. As of March 31, 2024, the assets and liabilities related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties are included in assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In March 2024 and December 2023, the Company determined that certain joint venture equity investments that were previously reported in assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale no longer met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and transferred either the assets and liabilities of the respective Consolidated VIEs or its equity investment in the joint venture entity to equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties or equity investments, at fair value, respectively. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Balance Sheet Analysis—Equity Investments in Multi-Family Entities" for a reconciliation of equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties and disposal group held for sale to the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(4)Primarily includes net realized gains or losses, changes in net unrealized gains or losses (including reversals of previously recognized net unrealized gains or losses on sales or redemptions), net amortization/accretion/depreciation, transfers within investment categories and net loss from real estate attributable to the Company.

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(5)Consolidated SLST is primarily presented on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as residential loans, at fair value and collateralized debt obligations, at fair value. A reconciliation to our condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Residential loans, at fair value	$	738,126	$	754,860
Deferred interest (a)	(4,260)		(3,969)
Less: Collateralized debt obligations, at fair value	(582,627)		(593,737)
Consolidated SLST investment securities owned by NYMT	$	151,239	$	157,154

(a)Included in other liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(6)See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Balance Sheet Analysis—Equity Investments in Multi-Family Entities" for a reconciliation of equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties and disposal group held for sale to the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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General

We are an internally-managed REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in the business of acquiring, investing in, financing and managing primarily mortgage-related single-family and multi-family residential assets. Our objective is to deliver long-term stable distributions to our stockholders over changing economic conditions through a combination of net interest spread and capital gains from a diversified investment portfolio. Our current investment portfolio includes credit sensitive single-family and multi-family assets, as well as more traditional types of fixed-income investments that provide coupon income, such as Agency RMBS.

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and have complied, and intend to continue to comply, with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), with respect thereto. Accordingly, we do not expect to be subject to federal income tax on our REIT taxable income that we currently distribute to our stockholders if certain asset, income, distribution and ownership tests and record keeping requirements are fulfilled. Even if we maintain our qualification as a REIT, we expect to be subject to some federal, state and local taxes on income generated in our TRSs.

Executive Summary

Since the significant market disruption that occurred in March 2020, we have sought to build out a low-levered, higher-yielding portfolio of credit sensitive single-family and multi-family assets through our proprietary sourcing channels. Building scale in the portfolio and momentum in investment activity was challenging in the months following the March 2020 market disruption, in large part due to the market’s increasing demand for credit assets coupled with our portfolio’s elevated prepayment and redemption activity. We managed to capitalize on more opportunities in our areas of investment focus from the fourth quarter of 2021 through May of 2022, allowing us to expand our total investment portfolio to approximately $4.6 billion as of June 30, 2022, up from $3.6 billion as of December 31, 2021. However, the improved investment environment was short-lived, as the markets entered into a period of heightened interest rate volatility and credit spread widening due to the Federal Reserve's actions to attempt to subdue inflation. The Federal Reserve ultimately increased the federal funds target rate by a combined 525 bps during 2022 through July of 2023, which was the fastest pace of increases in history. In response, we chose to significantly curtail our investment activity and pipeline late in the second quarter of 2022 shortly after the Federal Reserve's first rate hike of this cycle, allowing a significant portion of our portfolio to run-off through the first quarter of 2023. By adopting this approach, we endeavored to conserve capital, preserve liquidity and limit what we believed was material credit risk from investments underwritten to peak real estate valuations in 2022. Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, we began stabilizing our investment portfolio holdings through greater investment activity, particularly in assets with less price sensitivity to credit deterioration that could expand our interest income levels, like Agency RMBS. We believe that Agency RMBS is a compelling asset class to invest in over the near term, as the sector is trading at historically wide spread levels resulting from volatility in interest rates and reduced demand from regional banks and the Federal Reserve. Recognizing that a recession call was premature, but still concerned about market liquidity due to, among other things, growing commercial real estate risks, we also remained selective in adding credit-related assets in our portfolio. Over the course of the past four quarters, we have experienced solid momentum in our portfolio acquisition activities and increased adjusted interest income, a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure, by more than 50% as compared to the same period last year. On a net basis, our investment portfolio increased by approximately $1.3 billion during 2023 and $205.1 million in the first quarter of 2024, with repayments received from our short-duration business purpose loans, opportunistic sales of residential loans and investment securities and impairments offsetting some of our investment activity.

In September 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a strategic repositioning of our business through the opportunistic disposition over time of our joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of the returned capital from such investments to our targeted assets. In 2023, joint venture entities in which we held a common equity interest sold five multi-family properties, representing total net equity investments of $43.2 million and recognizing a net gain attributable to the Company totaling $1.7 million. Throughout most of 2023, certain of the multi-family properties held by our joint venture equity investments experienced declines in estimated fair value primarily due to widening cap rates and lower net operating income driven, in large part, by higher interest and operating expenses at the properties. In December 2023, we suspended the marketing of nine joint venture equity investments that were held for sale primarily due to unfavorable market conditions and a lack of transactional activity in the multi-family market. In the first quarter of 2024, we exited one additional joint venture equity investment and suspended the marketing of one joint venture equity investment. As of March 31, 2024, we continue to market for sale our joint venture equity investments in three multi-family properties. We can provide no assurance of the timing or success of our ultimate exit from our joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties or that the value of our interests in joint ventures will not decline further.

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We intend to focus on our core portfolio strengths of single-family and multi-family residential assets, which we believe will deliver better risk adjusted returns over time. Our targeted investments include (i) residential loans, including business purpose loans, (ii) structured multi-family property investments such as preferred equity in, and mezzanine loans to, owners of multi-family properties, (iii) Agency RMBS, (iv) non-Agency RMBS, (v) CMBS and (vi) certain other mortgage-, residential housing- and credit-related assets and strategic investments in companies from which we purchase, or may in the future purchase, our targeted assets. Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT and the maintenance of our exclusion from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we also may opportunistically acquire and manage various other types of mortgage-, residential housing- and other credit-related or alternative investments that we believe will compensate us appropriately for the risks associated with them, including, without limitation, collateralized mortgage obligations, mortgage servicing rights, excess mortgage servicing spreads, securities issued by newly originated securitizations, including credit sensitive securities from these securitizations, ABS and debt or equity investments in alternative assets or businesses.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s Recourse Leverage Ratio and Portfolio Recourse Leverage Ratio (as defined in footnotes 4 and 5 to the table under "— Capital Allocation") increased to 1.7x and 1.6x, respectively, from 1.6x and 1.5x, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. While our recourse financing leverage remains low relative to historical levels, the increase is primarily due to the financing of our highly liquid Agency RMBS. As of March 31, 2024, 56% of our debt, excluding mortgages payable on real estate and Consolidated SLST CDOs, is subject to mark-to-market margin calls, with 46% of that debt collateralized by Agency RMBS and 10% collateralized by residential credit assets. The remaining 44% has no exposure to collateral repricing by our counterparties. Although we expect our leverage to move higher as we expand our holding of Agency RMBS, we intend to continue to focus on procuring longer-term and non-mark-to-market financing arrangements for certain parts of our credit portfolio. We believe that this will allow us to better manage our liquidity risk and better insulate our business from extreme market dislocations. To this end, we completed two new, non-recourse securitizations of residential loans and redeemed an existing residential loan securitization during the quarter, reducing our debt subject to mark-to-market margin calls from 58% at the end of 2023 to 56% at the end of the first quarter of 2024.

We expect to continue to opportunistically dispose of assets from our portfolio, including our joint venture equity investments, and generate higher portfolio turnover in order to pursue investments across the residential housing sector with a focus on acquiring assets capable of rebuilding our interest income that have less price sensitivity to credit deterioration, such as Agency RMBS. We expect to remain selective in acquiring single-family and multi-family residential credit assets in anticipation of near-term market dislocation that may lead to superior total return opportunities and remain committed to prudently managing our liabilities. We believe these actions, combined with our strong balance sheet and cash position, will better position us to deploy capital in the market cycles ahead. Our investment and capital allocation decisions depend on prevailing market conditions, among other factors, and may change over time in response to opportunities available in different economic and capital market environments.

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Current Market Conditions and Commentary

The results of our business operations are affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, and primarily depend on, among other things, the level of our net interest income, the market value of our assets, which is driven by numerous factors including changes in interest rates and the supply and demand for mortgage, housing and credit assets in the marketplace, our ability to identify and acquire assets on favorable terms, our ability to dispose of assets from time to time on favorable terms, the ability of our operating partners, tenants and borrowers of our loans and those that underlie our investment securities to meet their payment obligations, the terms and availability of adequate financing and capital, general economic and real estate conditions (both on a national and local level), the impact of government actions in the real estate, mortgage, credit and financial markets, and the credit performance of our credit sensitive assets.

Financial markets experienced continued positive performance while mortgage-related asset markets were challenged by inflation data, among other factors, during the first quarter of 2024. The Dow Jones Industrial Average grew 5.6% in the first quarter of 2024, and the Nasdaq Composite Index grew 9.1% in the first quarter of 2024. However, interest rate and monetary policy uncertainty, inflation and geopolitical instability cautioned some economic outlooks. We anticipate that due to uncertainty related to persistent inflation, interest rates, monetary policy and the upcoming U.S. presidential election in November 2024, markets and the pricing for many of our assets will continue to experience volatility in the remainder of 2024.

The market conditions discussed below significantly influence our investment strategy and results:

Select U.S. Financial and Economic Data. The U.S. economy grew modestly in the first quarter of 2024 with real gross domestic product (“GDP”) increasing by 1.6% (advanced estimate) annualized rate, as compared to the annualized 3.4% GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2023 and annualized 2.2% GDP growth in the first quarter of 2023. The first quarter 2024 GDP increase marks seven straight quarters of GDP growth. As GDP growth continued in early 2024 and inflation remains persistently above the Federal Reserve’s target of two percent, uncertainty about how the Federal Reserve may adjust its monetary policy or the target range for the federal funds rate in response to such macroeconomic trends may limit or undermine business activity and the potential for future GDP growth, which could negatively impact the value of credit investments.

The U.S. labor market remained tight and fluctuated little throughout the first quarter of 2024. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the U.S. unemployment rate was 3.8% at the end of March 2024, finishing slightly up from the unemployment rate of 3.7% as of the end of December 2023. The number of unemployed persons increased by 0.4 million year-over-year to 6.4 million as of March 2024. There continues to be a wide disparity between the number of available job openings, 8.8 million as of the end of February 2024, and the number of unemployed persons, resulting in a competitive labor market and rising wages. As of March 2024, average hourly earnings for all employees on non-farm payrolls rose 4.1% year-over-year.

Changing expectations with respect to the Federal Reserve’s actions regarding the target range for the federal funds rate have driven interest rates higher and contributed to an uncertain interest rate environment. From March 2022 through July 2023, the Federal Reserve raised the target range for the federal funds rate a total of 5.25%, bringing the target range for the federal funds rate to its highest level in over 22 years and where it stands as of April 24, 2024. The Federal Reserve raised interest rates in an effort to rein in inflation as the Consumer Price Index (the “CPI”) maintained multi-decade highs above 6% throughout 2022 and into February of 2023. A trend of decelerating inflation emerged at the end of 2022, and a 3.0% rise in the CPI from June 2022 to June 2023 marked the smallest increase in inflation since March 2021. However, since June 2023, the deceleration in inflation appears to have stalled with the CPI rising between 3.1% and 3.7% in each month from July 2023 to March 2024, year-over-year. Despite such trends in inflation, the pricing of federal funds futures at the start of 2024 indicated that financial markets expected several cuts to the target range for the federal funds rate in 2024. Nevertheless, the pricing of such federal funds futures as of first quarter-end indicated that financial markets now expect fewer rate cuts in 2024. Additionally, statements from the Federal Reserve contributed to dampened expectations of the number of rate cuts, if any, in 2024. In March 2024, the Federal Reserve reaffirmed that its monetary policy seeks to achieve inflation that averages two percent over time and stated that it does not expect rate cuts to the federal funds target range will be appropriate until inflation is moving “sustainably toward two percent.” Higher interest rates may put pressure on our investments, mortgage borrowers, tenants, our operating partners and economic growth generally.

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The fears of an economic recession in the U.S. that were prevalent last year have receded in connection with the consistent U.S. GDP growth seen in 2023, although some economists and market commentators have expressed lower expectations for U.S. GDP growth in 2024. The National Bureau of Economic Research defines a recession as “a significant decline in economic activity that is spread across the economy and that lasts more than a few months.” An April 2024 survey of economists by the Wall Street Journal indicated that the respondents believed that the probability of a recession in the next twelve months is at 29%, the lowest probability indicated by the Wall Street Journal’s survey since April 2022. The economists surveyed by the Wall Street Journal attribute the diminished likelihood of a recession in the next twelve months to productivity growth and the economy’s ability to withstand higher interest rates, as indicated by the GDP growth seen in 2023 despite the Federal Reserve’s raises to the target range for the federal funds rate. However, some economists surveyed by the Wall Street Journal indicated that, while they believed a recession was less likely in the coming year, they are concerned that economic growth could stagnate due to elevated inflation and the Federal Reserve’s actions to control such inflation. An economic recession or stagnating economic growth may put pressure on the ability of our operating partners, joint ventures, tenants and borrowers to meet their obligations to us, and would likely adversely impact the value of our assets, among other things, any of which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Single-Family Homes and Residential Mortgage Market. Over the course of the first quarter of 2024, the residential real estate market remained competitive for home buyers. Data released by the S&P Dow Jones Indices for their S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller National Home Price NSA Indices for January 2024 showed that, on average, home prices increased 6.6% for the 20-City Composite over January 2023. Additionally, according to the National Association of Realtors (“NAR”), existing home sales in March 2024 were down 4.3% month-over-month and 3.7% year-over-year. NAR also reported that the median existing-home sales price for all housing types in March 2024 was $393,500, up 4.8% from $375,300 in March 2023. According to data provided by the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, privately-owned housing starts for single-family homes averaged a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 1,069,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to 943,083 for the year ended December 31, 2023. Overall, existing home inventory for sale at the end of March 2024 amounted to 3.2 months of supply, up from 2.9 months of supply in February 2024, according to the NAR. According to Freddie Mac, the weekly average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage was up 0.71% year-over-year to 7.1% as of April 18, 2024. Declining single-family housing fundamentals may adversely impact the overall credit profile and value of our existing portfolio of single-family residential credit investments and the value of our single-family rental properties, as well as the availability of certain of our targeted assets.

Rental Housing. According to data provided by the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, starts on multi-family homes containing five or more units averaged a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 331,667 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to 458,583 for the year ended December 31, 2023. According to RealPage Analytics (“RealPage”), rents for professionally managed apartments grew modestly in the first quarter of 2024 with rents growing 30 basis points in January and 20 basis points in each of February and March. RealPage noted that, while apartment demand remains high, asking rents were likely dampened by the increased supply from the completion of approximately 136,000 apartment units in the first quarter of 2024, which, according to RealPage, is the largest volume of apartment unit completions the U.S. has ever received in a single quarter. Weakening multi-family housing fundamentals, including, among other things, increasing supply of apartments and declining rents in the markets or submarkets in which we invest, increasing interest rates, widening capitalization rates and reduced liquidity for owners of multi-family properties, may cause our operating partners to fail to meet their obligations to us and/or contribute to reduced cash flows from and/or valuation declines for multi-family properties, and in turn, many of the multi-family investments that we own.

Additionally, multi-family investments face growing regulatory and political headwinds. In January 2023, the White House Domestic Policy Council and National Economic Council released a white paper entitled the “Blueprint for a Renters Bill of Rights” (the “Blueprint”). The Blueprint discusses potential tenant protections regarding leasing and management of rental properties, tenant organizing, evictions and rent increases, among other potential protections. Although the Blueprint is non-binding, several federal agencies, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, have announced actions that seek to further some of the principles set forth in the Blueprint. In July 2023, President Biden announced an initiative to promote disclosure and reduction of rental housing fees such as application fees, payment fees, and other mandatory fees. Further, in August 2023, the White House announced a series of initiatives to build on the Blueprint such as providing funding to support tenant organizing efforts. Policies, regulations or laws implemented to further the principles discussed in the Blueprint or reduce or limit fees could lead to increased costs and reduced operational flexibility for multi-family and single-family rental properties, which could contribute to reduced cash flows from and/or valuation declines for multi-family and single-family rental properties, and in turn, many of the multi-family investments and single-family rentals that we own.

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Credit Spreads. Investment grade and high-yield credit spreads both tightened over the course of the first quarter of 2024 with investment grade spreads finishing 10 basis points lower than the start of the first quarter of 2024 and high-yield spreads finishing 24 basis points lower than the start of the first quarter of 2024. Tightening credit spreads generally increase the value of many of our credit sensitive assets, while widening credit spreads tend to have a negative impact on the value of many of our credit sensitive assets.

Financing Markets. Driven in part by the Federal Reserve’s increases to the federal funds rate and speculation about the Federal Reserve’s strategy with regard to future rate hikes, the Treasury curve inverted in July 2022 and has remained inverted ever since. On March 28, 2024, the spread between the 2-Year U.S. Treasury yield and the 10-Year U.S. Treasury yield closed at negative 39 basis points, as compared to a negative 35 basis point spread on December 29, 2023. Inversions of this spread are generally considered to be indicators of a recession in the near term. This spread is important as it is indicative of opportunities for investing in levered assets. Increases in interest rates raise the costs of many of our liabilities, while overall interest rate volatility generally increases the costs of hedging and may place downward pressure on some of our strategies.

Monetary Policy and Recent Regulatory Developments. The Federal Reserve took a number of actions to stabilize markets during the COVID-19 pandemic. From March 2020 until March 2022, the Federal Reserve implemented an asset purchase program aimed at providing liquidity to the U.S. Treasury and Agency RMBS markets. Under the Federal Reserve’s asset purchase program, the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet grew from about $4.2 trillion in assets at the start of March 2020 to about $8.9 trillion in assets at the end of the program in March 2022. On June 1, 2022, the Federal Reserve shifted course and began shrinking its balance sheet by reducing its holdings of U.S. Treasuries and Agency RMBS by $47.5 billion per month. In September 2022, the Federal Reserve increased its efforts to reduce its balance sheet by doubling the amount of U.S. Treasuries and Agency RMBS it rolls off its balance sheet to $95 billion each month. As of April 17, 2024, the Federal Reserve held about $7.4 trillion in assets. Sales or reductions in the pace of purchasing of Agency RMBS by the Federal Reserve could create headwinds in the market for Agency RMBS where increased supply could drive prices lower and interest rates higher.

From March 2020 to March 2022, the Federal Reserve maintained a target range for the federal funds rate of 0% to 0.25% in view of the COVID-19 pandemic and to foster maximum employment and price stability. Then, from March 2022 through July 2023, the Federal Reserve increased the federal funds rate eleven times to bring the target range for the federal funds rate to 5.25% to 5.50% where it remained as of April 24, 2024. In March 2024, the Federal Reserve stated that it remains highly attentive to inflation risks as it evaluates its monetary policy, including any potential changes to the target range for the federal funds range. There is a lack of consensus among market commentators regarding whether they expect the Federal Reserve to cut the target range for the federal funds rate in 2024 or whether they expect the Federal Reserve to hold the target range for the federal funds rate higher for longer. However, as reflected on the “dot plot” included in the projection materials from the Federal Reserve’s March 2024 meeting, most Federal Reserve officials expect the target range for the federal funds rate to be lowered below its current level by the end of 2024, with many of the officials expecting the target range to reach a level between 4.50% and 4.75% by the end of 2024. But, this plotting of the Federal Reserve officials’ expected target range for the federal funds rate as of March 2024 indicates divided thoughts among Federal Reserve officials as to how many, if any, decreases to the target range are appropriate.

The scope and nature of the actions the Federal Reserve and other governmental authorities will ultimately undertake are unknown and will continue to evolve. There can be no assurance as to how, in the long term, these and other actions, as well as the negative impacts from ongoing geopolitical instability and uncertainty surrounding inflation, interest rates and the outlook for the U.S. and global economies, will affect the efficiency, liquidity and stability of the financial, credit and mortgage markets, and thus, our business. Greater uncertainty frequently leads to wider asset spreads or lower prices and higher hedging costs.

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First Quarter 2024 Summary

Earnings and Return Metrics

The following table presents key earnings and return metrics for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Net loss attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	(68,340)
Net loss attributable to Company's common stockholders per share (basic)	$	(0.75)
Undepreciated loss (1)	$	(62,014)
Undepreciated loss per common share (1)	$	(0.68)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	(68,336)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Company's common stockholders per share (basic)	$	(0.75)
Yield on average interest earning assets (1) (2)	6.38		%
Interest income	$	83,892
Interest expense	$	66,029
Net interest income	$	17,863
Net interest spread (1) (3)	1.31		%
Book value per common share at the end of the period	$	10.21
Adjusted book value per common share at the end of the period (1)	$	11.51
Economic return on book value (4)	(7.96)		%
Economic return on adjusted book value (5)	(7.50)		%
Dividends per common share	$	0.20

(1)Represents a non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation of the Company's non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP measure is included in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" elsewhere in this section.

(2)Calculated as the quotient of our adjusted interest income and our average interest earning assets and excludes all Consolidated SLST assets other than those securities owned by the Company.

(3)Our calculation of net interest spread may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures of other companies who may use a different calculation.

(4)Economic return on book value is based on the periodic change in GAAP book value per common share plus dividends declared per common share, if any, during the period.

(5)Economic return on adjusted book value is based on the periodic change in adjusted book value per common share, a non-GAAP financial measure, plus dividends declared per common share, if any, during the period.

Key Developments During First Quarter 2024

Investing Activities

•Purchased approximately $297.6 million of Agency RMBS with an average coupon of 5.8%.

•Purchased approximately $305.7 million in residential loans with an average gross coupon of 10.7%.

Financing Activities

•Completed a securitization of business purpose loans, resulting in approximately $223.2 million in net proceeds to us after deducting expenses associated with the transaction. We utilized a portion of the net proceeds to repay approximately $136.6 million on outstanding repurchase agreements related to residential loans.

•Redeemed a residential loan securitization with an outstanding balance of approximately $147.6 million at the time of redemption and completed a new securitization of residential loans, resulting in approximately $273.7 million of net proceeds to us after deducting expenses associated with the transaction. We also utilized a portion of the net proceeds to repay approximately $60.3 million on outstanding repurchase agreements related to residential loans.

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Capital Allocation

The following provides an overview of the allocation of our total equity as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We fund our investing and operating activities with a combination of cash flow from operations, proceeds from common and preferred equity and debt securities offerings, including senior unsecured notes and subordinated debentures, short-term and longer-term repurchase agreements and CDOs. A detailed discussion of our liquidity and capital resources is provided in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” elsewhere in this section.

The following tables set forth our allocated capital by investment category at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands).

At March 31, 2024:

	Single-Family		Multi- Family		Corporate/Other		Total
Residential loans	$	3,103,105	$	—	$	—	$	3,103,105
Consolidated SLST CDOs	(582,627)		—		—		(582,627)
Investment securities available for sale	2,241,340		—		—		2,241,340
Multi-family loans	—		91,905		—		91,905
Equity investments	—		102,478		35,465		137,943
Equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties (1)	—		189,530		—		189,530
Equity investments in disposal group held for sale (2)	—		22,310		—		22,310
Single-family rental properties	149,060		—		—		149,060
Total investment portfolio carrying value	4,910,878		406,223		35,465		5,352,566
Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements	(2,512,008)		—		—		(2,512,008)
Residential loan securitization CDOs	(1,605,735)		—		—		(1,605,735)
Senior unsecured notes	—		—		(98,299)		(98,299)
Subordinated debentures	—		—		(45,000)		(45,000)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (3)	156,560		—		219,846		376,406
Cumulative adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value	—		(36,489)		—		(36,489)
Other	93,454		(3,642)		(35,997)		53,815
Net Company capital allocated	$	1,043,149	$	366,092	$	76,015	$	1,485,256
Company Recourse Leverage Ratio (4)							1.7x
Portfolio Recourse Leverage Ratio (5)							1.6x

(1)Represents the Company's equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties that are not in disposal group held for sale. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Balance Sheet Analysis—Equity Investments in Multi-Family Entities" for a reconciliation of equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties and disposal group held for sale to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

(2)Represents the Company's equity investments in consolidated equity investments in multi-family properties that are held for sale in disposal group. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Balance Sheet Analysis—Equity Investments in Multi-Family Entities" for a reconciliation of equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties and disposal group held for sale to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

(3)Excludes cash in the amount of $16.9 million held in the Company's equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties and equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties in disposal group held for sale. Restricted cash of $163.8 million is included in the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets in other assets.

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(4)Represents the Company's total outstanding recourse repurchase agreement financing, subordinated debentures and senior unsecured notes divided by the Company's total stockholders' equity. Does not include non-recourse repurchase agreement financing amounting to $90.7 million, Consolidated SLST CDOs amounting to $582.6 million, residential loan securitization CDOs amounting to $1.6 billion and mortgages payable on real estate, including mortgages payable on real estate of disposal group held for sale, totaling $970.4 million as they are non-recourse debt.

(5)Represents the Company's outstanding recourse repurchase agreement financing divided by the Company's total stockholders' equity.

At December 31, 2023:

	Single-Family		Multi- Family		Corporate/Other		Total
Residential loans	$	3,084,303	$	—	$	—	$	3,084,303
Consolidated SLST CDOs	(593,737)		—		—		(593,737)
Investment securities available for sale	2,013,817		—		—		2,013,817
Multi-family loans	—		95,792		—		95,792
Equity investments	—		109,962		37,154		147,116
Equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties (1)	—		211,214		—		211,214
Equity investments in disposal group held for sale (2)	—		36,815		—		36,815
Single-family rental properties	151,885		—		—		151,885
Total investment portfolio carrying value	4,656,268		453,783		37,154		5,147,205
Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements	(2,471,113)		—		—		(2,471,113)
Residential loan securitization CDOs	(1,276,780)		—		—		(1,276,780)
Senior unsecured notes	—		—		(98,111)		(98,111)
Subordinated debentures	—		—		(45,000)		(45,000)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (3)	139,562		—		175,468		315,030
Cumulative adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value	—		(30,062)		—		(30,062)
Other	74,716		(1,352)		(34,921)		38,443
Net Company capital allocated	$	1,122,653	$	422,369	$	34,590	$	1,579,612
Company Recourse Leverage Ratio (4)							1.6x
Portfolio Recourse Leverage Ratio (5)							1.5x

(1)Represents the Company's equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties that are not in disposal group held for sale. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Balance Sheet Analysis—Equity Investments in Multi-Family Entities" for a reconciliation of equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties and disposal group held for sale to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

(2)Represents the Company's equity investments in consolidated equity investments in multi-family properties that are held for sale in disposal group. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Balance Sheet Analysis—Equity Investments in Multi-Family Entities" for a reconciliation of equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties and disposal group held for sale to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

(3)Excludes cash in the amount of $21.3 million held in the Company's equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties and equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties in disposal group held for sale. Restricted cash of $143.5 million is included in the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets in other assets.

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(4)Represents the Company's total outstanding recourse repurchase agreement financing, subordinated debentures and senior unsecured notes divided by the Company's total stockholders' equity. Does not include non-recourse repurchase agreement financing amounting to $149.7 million, Consolidated SLST CDOs amounting to $593.7 million, residential loan securitization CDOs amounting to $1.3 billion and mortgages payable on real estate, including mortgages payable on real estate of disposal group held for sale, totaling to $1.2 billion as they are non-recourse debt.

(5)Represents the Company's outstanding recourse repurchase agreement financing divided by the Company's total stockholders' equity.

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Results of Operations

The following discussion provides information regarding our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, including a comparison of year-over-year results and related commentary. A number of the tables contain a “change” column that indicates the amount by which results from the three months ended March 31, 2024 are greater or less than the results from the respective period in 2023. Unless otherwise specified, references in this section to increases or decreases in 2024 refer to the change in results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following table presents the main components of our net (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
Interest income	$	83,892	$	57,136	$	26,756
Interest expense	66,029		39,335		26,694
Net interest income	17,863		17,801		62
Net loss from real estate	(16,369)		(8,951)		(7,418)
Total other (loss) income	(57,323)		25,081		(82,404)
General and administrative expenses	13,054		12,683		371
Portfolio operating expenses	11,287		7,070		4,217
(Loss) income from operations before income taxes	(80,170)		14,178		(94,348)
Income tax (benefit) expense	(111)		16		(127)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	22,158		6,701		15,457
Net (loss) income attributable to Company	(57,901)		20,863		(78,764)
Preferred stock dividends	(10,439)		(10,484)		45
Gain on repurchase of preferred stock	—		142		(142)
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	(68,340)		10,521		(78,861)
Basic (loss) income per common share	$	(0.75)	$	0.12	$	(0.87)
Diluted (loss) income per common share	$	(0.75)	$	0.11	$	(0.86)

Interest Income and Interest Expense

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, interest income increased primarily due to increased investment in Agency RMBS, partially offset by a decrease in interest income from business purpose loans due to paydowns. The increase in interest expense during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was due primarily to an increase in repurchase agreement financing of our Agency RMBS portfolio and additional securitization financings completed in 2024.

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Net Loss from Real Estate

The following table presents the components of net loss from real estate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
Income from real estate	$	38,076	$	41,746	$	(3,670)
Expenses related to real estate:
Interest expense, mortgages payable on real estate	(20,769)		(22,478)		1,709
Depreciation expense on operating real estate	(11,149)		(6,039)		(5,110)
Amortization of lease intangibles related to operating real estate	(1,427)		—		(1,427)
Other real estate expenses	(21,100)		(22,180)		1,080
Total expenses related to real estate	(54,445)		(50,697)		(3,748)
Net loss from real estate	$	(16,369)	$	(8,951)	$	(7,418)

The increase in net loss from real estate in 2024 was primarily due to 1) an increase in depreciation expense related to operating real estate as a result of the reclassification of multi-family real estate assets owned by entities in which we have joint venture equity investments from held for sale to held and used in the fourth quarter of 2023 and 2) a decrease in rental income as a result of the sale or de-consolidation of six multi-family real estate assets owned by entities in which we had joint venture equity investments since March 31, 2023. The increase in net loss was partially offset by a decrease in interest expense on mortgages payable and a decrease in operating expenses due to aforementioned sales or de-consolidation of multi-family real estate assets.

Other (Loss) Income

Realized (Losses) Gains, Net

The following table presents the components of realized (losses) gains, net recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
Residential loans and real estate owned	$	(10,164)	$	1,081	$	(11,245)
Investment securities	(369)		—		(369)
Total realized (losses) gains, net	$	(10,533)	$	1,081	$	(11,614)

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $10.2 million of net realized losses primarily related to losses incurred on foreclosed properties and losses recognized on the sale of certain performing and non-performing residential loans. The Company also recognized net realized losses of $0.4 million on write-downs of non-Agency RMBS. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized $1.1 million of net realized gains related to our residential loan portfolio, primarily as a result of loan prepayments.

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Unrealized (Losses) Gains, Net

The following table presents the components of unrealized (losses) gains, net recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
Residential loans	$	(2,968)	$	29,247	$	(32,215)
Consolidated SLST	(36)		2,299		(2,335)
CDOs at fair value	1,637		—		1,637
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments	(4,777)		452		(5,229)
Investment securities	(33,246)		853		(34,099)
Total unrealized (losses) gains, net	$	(39,390)	$	32,851	$	(72,241)

We recognized $39.4 million in net unrealized losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, largely due to increases in interest rates, which primarily impacted the pricing of our Agency RMBS. The Company recognized $32.9 million in net unrealized gains for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to yield tightening that impacted the pricing of our credit assets, particularly our residential loans and first loss subordinated securities we own in Consolidated SLST.

Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments, Net

The following table presents the components of gains (losses) on derivative investments, net for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments	$	45,034	$	(4,362)	$	49,396
Realized gains on derivative instruments	4,177		—		4,177
Total gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	$	49,211	$	(4,362)	$	53,573

We recognized $45.0 million of unrealized gains on derivative instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 due to an increase in interest rates, which resulted in higher valuations of our interest rate swaps and interest rate caps. The Company also recognized $4.2 million in realized gains on the termination of interest rate swaps and net coupon payments received on interest rate swaps during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

We recognized $4.4 million of unrealized losses on derivative instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 due to lower valuations of our interest rate swaps and interest rate caps.

(Loss) Income from Equity Investments

The following table presents the components of (loss) income from equity investments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
Preferred return on preferred equity investments accounted for as equity	$	3,517	$	5,313	$	(1,796)
Unrealized gains on preferred equity investments accounted for as equity	86		638		(552)
(Loss) income from unconsolidated joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties	(4,050)		1,060		(5,110)
Loss from entity that originates residential loans	(1,689)		(2,500)		811
Total (loss) income from equity investments	$	(2,136)	$	4,511	$	(6,647)

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Income from equity investments decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to decreases in the fair value of unconsolidated joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and a decrease in preferred return on preferred equity investments as a result of redemptions since March 31, 2023.

Impairment of Real Estate

The following table presents impairment of real estate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
Impairment of real estate	$	(36,247)	$	(10,275)	$	(25,972)

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized impairment losses on certain multi-family real estate assets due to lower valuations driven by a decrease in net operating income estimates and wider cap rates. We also recognized impairment losses on certain single-family rental properties transferred to held for sale during the quarter as a result of the remeasurement of those assets to estimated fair value less costs to sell.

Loss on Reclassification of Disposal Group

The following table presents loss on reclassification of disposal group for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	$	(14,636)	$	—	$	(14,636)

In March 2024, we suspended the marketing of one joint venture equity investment, determined that it no longer met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and transferred the assets and liabilities of the Consolidated VIE to their respective categories on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024. As a result of this transfer, we adjusted the carrying value of the long-lived assets in the Consolidated VIE to the lower of the carrying amount before the assets were classified as held for sale adjusted for depreciation and amortization expense that would have been recognized had the assets been continuously classified as held and used and the fair value of the assets at the date of the transfer and recognized an approximately $14.6 million loss on reclassification of disposal group during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Other (Loss) Income

The following table presents the components of other (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan premiums resulting from early redemption	$	98	$	—	$	98
Gain on sale of real estate	134		—		134
Gain on de-consolidation of joint venture equity investment in Consolidated VIE	50		—		50
(Loss) gain on extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations and mortgages payable on real estate	(692)		1,170		(1,862)
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable	(3,207)		—		(3,207)
Miscellaneous income	25		105		(80)
Total other (loss) income	$	(3,592)	$	1,275	$	(4,867)

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The net decrease in other income in 2024 is primarily due 1) the recording of a provision for uncollectible accounts receivable for asset management expenses incurred related to a non-accrual multi-family loan that are in excess of anticipated redemption proceeds and 2) loss recognized on the extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations related to the redemption of a residential loan securitization during the period.

Expenses

The following tables present the components of general, administrative and portfolio operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
General and Administrative Expenses
Salaries, benefits and directors’ compensation	$	9,273	$	9,367	$	(94)
Professional fees	1,624		1,251		373
Other	2,157		2,065		92
Total general and administrative expenses	$	13,054	$	12,683	$	371

The increase in general and administrative expenses in 2024 is primarily related to an increase in non-recurring professional fees and consulting fees.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
Portfolio operating expenses	$	7,742	$	7,070	$	672
Residential loan securitization transaction costs	3,545		—		3,545
Total portfolio operating expenses	$	11,287	$	7,070	$	4,217

The increase in portfolio operating expenses in 2024 can primarily be attributed to debt issuance costs related to residential loan securitization CDOs issued during the quarter that are expensed as incurred as a result of the fair value option election.

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Comprehensive (Loss) Income

The main components of comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, are detailed in the following table (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		$ Change
NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMPANY'S COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	(68,340)	$	10,521	$	(78,861)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Increase in fair value of available for sale securities
Non-Agency RMBS	—		591		(591)
Total	—		591		(591)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss included in net loss	4		—		4
TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	4		591		(587)
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMPANY'S COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	(68,336)	$	11,112	$	(79,448)

Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company’s newly purchased investment securities are presented at fair value as a result of a fair value election made at the time of acquisition pursuant to ASC 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”). The fair value option was elected for these investment securities to provide stockholders and others who rely on our financial statements with a more complete and accurate understanding of our economic performance. Changes in the market values of investment securities where the Company elected the fair value option are reflected in earnings instead of in OCI. As of March 31, 2024, all of the Company's investment securities are accounted for using the fair value option.

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Analysis of Changes in GAAP Book Value

The following table analyzes the changes in GAAP book value of our common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Amount		Shares	Per Share (1)
Beginning Balance	$	1,025,502	90,675	$	11.31
Common stock issuance, net (2)	(1,196)		556
Balance after share activity	1,024,306		91,231	11.23
Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value	(6,428)			(0.07)
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared	(18,396)			(0.20)
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Investment securities available for sale (3)	4			—
Net loss attributable to Company's common stockholders	(68,340)			(0.75)
Ending Balance	$	931,146	91,231	$	10.21

(1)Outstanding shares used to calculate book value per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are 91,231,039.

(2)Includes amortization of stock based compensation.

(3)The net increase relates to the reclassification of unrealized loss to net loss during the period.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to the results presented in accordance with GAAP, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted interest income, adjusted interest expense, adjusted net interest income, yield on average interest earning assets, average financing cost, net interest spread, undepreciated (loss) earnings and adjusted book value per common share. Our management team believes that these non-GAAP financial measures, when considered with our GAAP financial statements, provide supplemental information useful for investors as it enables them to evaluate our current performance and trends using the metrics that management uses to operate our business. Our presentation of non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures of other companies, who may use different calculations. Because these measures are not calculated in accordance with GAAP, they should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, the financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Our GAAP financial results and the reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the most directly comparable financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP should be carefully evaluated.

Adjusted Net Interest Income and Net Interest Spread

Financial results for the Company during a given period include the net interest income earned on our investment portfolio of residential loans, RMBS, CMBS, ABS and preferred equity investments and mezzanine loans, where the risks and payment characteristics are equivalent to and accounted for as loans (collectively, our “interest earning assets”). Adjusted net interest income and net interest spread (both supplemental non-GAAP financial measures) are impacted by factors such as our cost of financing, including our hedging costs, and the interest rate that our investments bear. Furthermore, the amount of premium or discount paid on purchased investments and the prepayment rates on investments will impact adjusted net interest income as such factors will be amortized over the expected term of such investments.

We provide the following non-GAAP financial measures, in total and by investment category, for the respective periods:

•adjusted interest income – calculated as our GAAP interest income reduced by the interest expense recognized on Consolidated SLST CDOs,

•adjusted interest expense – calculated as our GAAP interest expense reduced by the interest expense recognized on Consolidated SLST CDOs and adjusted to include the net interest component of interest rate swaps,

•adjusted net interest income – calculated by subtracting adjusted interest expense from adjusted interest income,

•yield on average interest earning assets – calculated as the quotient of our adjusted interest income and our average interest earning assets and excludes all Consolidated SLST assets other than those securities owned by the Company,

•average financing cost – calculated as the quotient of our adjusted interest expense and the average outstanding balance of our interest bearing liabilities, excluding Consolidated SLST CDOs and mortgages payable on real estate, and

•net interest spread – calculated as the difference between our yield on average interest earning assets and our average financing cost.

These measures remove the impact of Consolidated SLST that we consolidate in accordance with GAAP and include the net interest component of interest rate swaps utilized to hedge the variable cash flows associated with our variable-rate borrowings, which is included in gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. With respect to Consolidated SLST, we only include the interest income earned by the Consolidated SLST securities that are actually owned by the Company as the Company only receives income or absorbs losses related to the Consolidated SLST securities actually owned by the Company. We include the net interest component of interest rate swaps in these measures to more fully represent the cost of our financing strategy.

We provide the non-GAAP financial measures listed above because we believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide investors and management with additional detail and enhance their understanding of our interest earning asset yields, in total and by investment category, relative to the cost of our financing and the underlying trends within our portfolio of interest earning assets. In addition to the foregoing, our management team uses these measures to assess, among other things, the performance of our interest earning assets in total and by asset, possible cash flows from our interest earning assets in total and by asset, our ability to finance or borrow against the asset and the terms of such financing and the composition of our portfolio of interest earning assets, including acquisition and disposition determinations.

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The following tables set forth certain information about our interest earning assets by category and their related adjusted interest income, adjusted interest expense, adjusted net interest income, yield on average interest earning assets, average financing cost and net interest spread for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024

	Single-Family (8)			Multi- Family			Corporate/Other			Total
Adjusted Interest Income (1) (2)	$	75,426		$	2,665		$	—		$	78,091
Adjusted Interest Expense (1)	(48,762)			—			(3,134)			(51,896)
Adjusted Net Interest Income (Loss) (1)	$	26,664		$	2,665		$	(3,134)		$	26,195
Average Interest Earning Assets (3)	$	4,798,871		$	95,382		$	1,000		$	4,895,253
Average Interest Bearing Liabilities (4)	$	3,895,156		$	—		$	219,298		$	4,114,454
Yield on Average Interest Earning Assets (1) (5)	6.29		%	11.18		%	—			6.38		%
Average Financing Cost (1) (6)	(5.03)		%	—			(5.75)		%	(5.07)		%
Net Interest Spread (1) (7)	1.26		%	11.18		%	(5.75)		%	1.31		%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

	Single-Family (8)			Multi- Family			Corporate/Other			Total
Adjusted Interest Income (1) (2)	$	47,204		$	3,569		$	48		$	50,821
Adjusted Interest Expense (1)	(30,407)			—			(2,547)			(32,954)
Adjusted Net Interest Income (Loss) (1)	$	16,797		$	3,569		$	(2,499)		$	17,867
Average Interest Earning Assets (3)	$	3,132,910		$	123,671		$	1,806		$	3,258,387
Average Interest Bearing Liabilities (4)	$	2,150,130		$	—		$	145,000		$	2,295,130
Yield on Average Interest Earning Assets (1) (5)	6.03		%	11.54		%	10.63		%	6.24		%
Average Financing Cost (1) (6)	(5.74)		%	—			(7.20)		%	(5.83)		%
Net Interest Spread (1) (7)	0.29		%	11.54		%	3.43		%	0.41		%

(1)Represents a non-GAAP financial measure.

(2)Includes interest income earned on cash accounts held by the Company.

(3)Average Interest Earning Assets for the respective periods include residential loans, multi-family loans and investment securities and exclude all Consolidated SLST assets other than those securities owned by the Company. Average Interest Earning Assets is calculated based on the daily average amortized cost for the respective periods.

(4)Average Interest Bearing Liabilities for the respective periods include repurchase agreements, residential loan securitization CDOs, senior unsecured notes and subordinated debentures and exclude Consolidated SLST CDOs and mortgages payable on real estate as the Company does not directly incur interest expense on these liabilities that are consolidated for GAAP purposes. Average Interest Bearing Liabilities is calculated based on the daily average outstanding balance for the respective periods.

(5)Yield on Average Interest Earning Assets is calculated by dividing our annualized adjusted interest income relating to our portfolio of interest earning assets by our Average Interest Earning Assets for the respective periods.

(6)Average Financing Cost is calculated by dividing our annualized adjusted interest expense by our Average Interest Bearing Liabilities.

(7)Net Interest Spread is the difference between our Yield on Average Interest Earning Assets and our Average Financing Cost.

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(8)The Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary of Consolidated SLST and has consolidated Consolidated SLST into the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements. Our GAAP interest income includes interest income recognized on the underlying seasoned re-performing and non-performing residential loans held in Consolidated SLST. Our GAAP interest expense includes interest expense recognized on the Consolidated SLST CDOs that permanently finance the residential loans in Consolidated SLST and are not owned by the Company. We calculate adjusted interest income by reducing our GAAP interest income by the interest expense recognized on the Consolidated SLST CDOs and adjusted interest expense by excluding, among other things, the interest expense recognized on the Consolidated SLST CDOs, thus only including the interest income earned by the SLST securities that are actually owned by the Company in adjusted net interest income.

Adjusted interest income increased by approximately $27.3 million from the prior period, primarily due to an increase in average interest earnings assets driven by increased investment in Agency RMBS since March 31, 2023. Yield on average interest earnings assets also increased, primarily due to an increase in the average coupon rate of business purpose loans acquired since the end of the prior period.

Adjusted interest expense increased from the prior period as a result of increased repurchase agreement financing obtained on Agency RMBS. Average financing cost decreased in 2024 however, primarily due to the benefit of our in-the-money interest rate swaps in the current period.

A reconciliation of GAAP interest income to adjusted interest income, GAAP interest expense to adjusted interest expense and GAAP total net interest income to adjusted net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is presented below (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024								2023
	Single-Family		Multi-Family		Corporate/Other		Total		Single-Family		Multi-Family		Corporate/Other		Total
GAAP interest income	$	81,227	$	2,665	$	—	$	83,892	$	53,519	$	3,569	$	48	$	57,136
GAAP interest expense	(61,740)		—		(4,289)		(66,029)		(36,759)		—		(2,576)		(39,335)
GAAP total net interest income (loss)	$	19,487	$	2,665	$	(4,289)	$	17,863	$	16,760	$	3,569	$	(2,528)	$	17,801
GAAP interest income	$	81,227	$	2,665	$	—	$	83,892	$	53,519	$	3,569	$	48	$	57,136
Adjusted for:
Consolidated SLST CDO interest expense	(5,801)		—		—		(5,801)		(6,315)		—		—		(6,315)
Adjusted interest income	$	75,426	$	2,665	$	—	$	78,091	$	47,204	$	3,569	$	48	$	50,821
GAAP interest expense	$	(61,740)	$	—	$	(4,289)	$	(66,029)	$	(36,759)	$	—	$	(2,576)	$	(39,335)
Adjusted for:
Consolidated SLST CDO interest expense	5,801		—		—		5,801		6,315		—		—		6,315
Net interest benefit of interest rate swaps	7,177		—		1,155		8,332		37		—		29		66
Adjusted interest expense	$	(48,762)	$	—	$	(3,134)	$	(51,896)	$	(30,407)	$	—	$	(2,547)	$	(32,954)
Adjusted net interest income (loss) (1)	$	26,664	$	2,665	$	(3,134)	$	26,195	$	16,797	$	3,569	$	(2,499)	$	17,867

(1)Adjusted net interest income is calculated by subtracting adjusted interest expense from adjusted interest income.

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Undepreciated (Loss) Earnings

Undepreciated (loss) earnings is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure defined as GAAP net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders excluding the Company's share in depreciation expense and lease intangible amortization expense, if any, related to operating real estate, net for which an impairment has not been recognized. By excluding these non-cash adjustments from our operating results, we believe that the presentation of undepreciated (loss) earnings provides a consistent measure of our operating performance and useful information to investors to evaluate the effective net return on our portfolio. In addition, we believe that presenting undepreciated (loss) earnings enables our investors to measure, evaluate, and compare our operating performance to that of our peers.

A reconciliation of net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders to undepreciated (loss) earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is presented below (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	(68,340)	$	10,521
Add:
Depreciation expense on operating real estate	6,326		2,120
Undepreciated (loss) earnings	$	(62,014)	$	12,641
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	91,117		91,314
Undepreciated (loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.68)	$	0.14

Adjusted Book Value Per Common Share

Adjusted book value per common share is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure calculated by making the following adjustments to GAAP book value: (i) exclude the Company's share of cumulative depreciation and lease intangible amortization expenses related to real estate held at the end of the period for which an impairment has not been recognized, (ii) exclude the cumulative adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interests to estimated redemption value and (iii) adjust our amortized cost liabilities that finance our investment portfolio to fair value.

Our rental property portfolio includes fee simple interests in single-family rental homes and joint venture equity interests in multi-family properties owned by Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. By excluding our share of cumulative non-cash depreciation and amortization expenses related to real estate held at the end of the period for which an impairment has not been recognized, adjusted book value reflects the value, at their undepreciated basis, of our single-family rental properties and joint venture equity investments that the Company has determined to be recoverable at the end of the period.

Additionally, in connection with third party ownership of certain of the non-controlling interests in certain of the Consolidated Real Estate VIEs, we record redeemable non-controlling interests as mezzanine equity on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The holders of the redeemable non-controlling interests may elect to sell their ownership interests to us at fair value once a year, subject to annual minimum and maximum amount limitations, resulting in an adjustment of the redeemable non-controlling interests to fair value that is accounted for by us as an equity transaction in accordance with GAAP. A key component of the estimation of fair value of the redeemable non-controlling interests is the estimated fair value of the multi-family apartment properties held by the applicable Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. However, because the corresponding real estate assets are not reported at fair value and thus not adjusted to reflect unrealized gains or losses in our condensed consolidated financial statements, the cumulative adjustment of the redeemable non-controlling interests to fair value directly affects our GAAP book value. By excluding the cumulative adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interests to estimated redemption value, adjusted book value more closely aligns the accounting treatment applied to these real estate assets and reflects our joint venture equity investment at its undepreciated basis.

95

The substantial majority of our remaining assets are financial or similar instruments that are carried at fair value in accordance with the fair value option in our condensed consolidated financial statements. However, unlike our use of the fair value option for the assets in our investment portfolio, certain CDOs issued by our residential loan securitizations, senior unsecured notes and subordinated debentures that finance our investment portfolio assets are carried at amortized cost in our condensed consolidated financial statements. By adjusting these financing instruments to fair value, adjusted book value reflects the Company's net equity in investments on a comparable fair value basis.

We believe that the presentation of adjusted book value per common share provides a useful measure for investors and us as it provides a consistent measure of our value, allows management to effectively consider our financial position and facilitates the comparison of our financial performance to that of our peers.

A reconciliation of GAAP book value to adjusted book value and calculation of adjusted book value per common share as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, is presented below (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Company's stockholders' equity	$	1,485,256	$	1,579,612
Preferred stock liquidation preference	(554,110)		(554,110)
GAAP book value	931,146		1,025,502
Add:
Cumulative depreciation expense on real estate (1)	24,451		21,801
Cumulative amortization of lease intangibles related to real estate (1)	13,000		14,897
Cumulative adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value	36,489		30,062
Adjustment of amortized cost liabilities to fair value	44,590		55,271
Adjusted book value	$	1,049,676	$	1,147,533
Common shares outstanding	91,231		90,675
GAAP book value per common share (2)	$	10.21	$	11.31
Adjusted book value per common share (3)	$	11.51	$	12.66

(1)Represents cumulative adjustments for the Company's share of depreciation expense and amortization of lease intangibles related to real estate held as of the end of the period presented for which an impairment has not been recognized.

(2)GAAP book value per common share is calculated using the GAAP book value and the common shares outstanding for the periods indicated.

(3)Adjusted book value per common share is calculated using the adjusted book value and the common shares outstanding for the periods indicated.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based, in part, on our judgment and assumptions regarding various economic conditions that we believe are reasonable based on facts and circumstances existing at the time of reporting. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions utilized in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Although our estimates contemplate conditions as of March 31, 2024 and how we expect them to change in the future, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could be different than anticipated in those estimates, which could materially affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income, expenses and other comprehensive income (loss) during the periods presented.

Changes in the estimates and assumptions could have a material effect on these consolidated financial statements. Accounting policies and estimates related to specific components of our consolidated financial statements are disclosed in the notes to our consolidated financial statements. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates as previously described under Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. For a discussion of our critical accounting estimates and the possible effects of changes in estimates on our consolidated financial statements, please see Part II., Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

A discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and the possible effects on our consolidated financial statements is included in “Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Balance Sheet Analysis

As of March 31, 2024, we had approximately $7.4 billion of total assets. Included in this amount is approximately $741.0 million of assets held in Consolidated SLST and $1.2 billion of assets related to Consolidated Real Estate VIEs, both of which we consolidate in accordance with GAAP. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $7.4 billion of total assets. Included in this amount is approximately $757.8 million of assets held in Consolidated SLST and $1.5 billion of assets related to Consolidated Real Estate VIEs, both of which we consolidate in accordance with GAAP. For a reconciliation of our actual interests in Consolidated SLST, see “Portfolio Update” above. For a reconciliation of our investments in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs, see “Equity Investments in Multi-Family Entities” below.

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Residential Loans

The following table presents the Company’s residential loans, which include acquired residential loans held by the Company and residential loans held in Consolidated SLST, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Acquired residential loans	$	2,364,979	$	2,329,443
Consolidated SLST	738,126		754,860
Total	$	3,103,105	$	3,084,303

Acquired Residential Loans

The Company’s acquired residential loans, including performing, re-performing, and non-performing residential loans and business purpose loans, are presented at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Subsequent changes in fair value are reported in current period earnings and presented in unrealized gains (losses), net on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following tables detail our acquired residential loans by strategy at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Number of Loans	Unpaid Principal		Fair Value		Weighted Average FICO	Weighted Average LTV (1)	Weighted Average Coupon
Re-performing residential loan strategy	4,591	$	614,765	$	588,062	634	54%	5.1%
Performing residential loan strategy	2,707	617,479		531,369		716	59%	4.0%
Business purpose bridge loan strategy	1,831	971,218		940,623		736	64%	10.0%
Business purpose rental loan strategy	1,247	332,318		304,925		748	69%	5.3%
Total	10,376	$	2,535,780	$	2,364,979

	December 31, 2023
	Number of Loans	Unpaid Principal		Fair Value		Weighted Average FICO	Weighted Average LTV (1)	Weighted Average Coupon
Re-performing residential loan strategy	4,687	$	626,316	$	601,239	630	60%	5.1%
Performing residential loan strategy	2,803	642,320		548,736		717	62%	4.0%
Business purpose bridge loan strategy	1,720	919,990		896,988		735	65%	9.6%
Business purpose rental loan strategy	1,111	311,663		282,480		749	68%	5.1%
Total	10,321	$	2,500,289	$	2,329,443

(1)For second mortgages (included in performing residential loan strategy), the Company calculates the combined loan-to-value ("LTV"). For business purpose bridge loans, the Company calculates LTV as the ratio of the maximum unpaid principal balance of the loan, including unfunded commitments, to the estimated “after repaired” value of the collateral securing the related loan.

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Characteristics of Our Acquired Residential Loans:

Loan to Value at Purchase (1)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
50% or less	12.3	%	13.6	%
>50% - 60%	10.7	%	10.9	%
>60% - 70%	22.2	%	22.4	%
>70% - 80%	31.1	%	29.5	%
>80% - 90%	12.5	%	11.8	%
>90% - 100%	5.7	%	6.0	%
>100%	5.5	%	5.8	%
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%

(1)For second mortgages, the Company calculates the combined LTV. For business purpose bridge loans, the Company calculates LTV as the ratio of the maximum unpaid principal balance of the loan, including unfunded commitments, to the estimated “after repaired” value of the collateral securing the related loan.

FICO Scores at Purchase	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
550 or less	8.8	%	9.1	%
551 to 600	7.6	%	7.9	%
601 to 650	7.9	%	8.3	%
651 to 700	15.6	%	15.6	%
701 to 750	24.7	%	24.0	%
751 to 800	28.2	%	28.0	%
801 and over	7.2	%	7.1	%
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%

Current Coupon	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
3.00% or less	7.2	%	7.6	%
3.01% - 4.00%	15.7	%	16.5	%
4.01% - 5.00%	19.9	%	20.9	%
5.01% - 6.00%	8.7	%	9.3	%
6.01% - 7.00%	7.2	%	7.2	%
7.01% - 8.00%	7.0	%	8.1	%
8.01% and over	34.3	%	30.4	%
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%

Delinquency Status	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Current	87.5	%	88.0	%
31 – 60 days	2.5	%	2.2	%
61 – 90 days	1.7	%	1.0	%
90+ days	8.3	%	8.8	%
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%

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Origination Year	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
2007 or earlier	21.7	%	22.4	%
2008 - 2016	4.3	%	4.4	%
2017 - 2020	14.8	%	15.7	%
2021	16.3	%	19.3	%
2022	18.6	%	21.4	%
2023	16.1	%	16.8	%
2024	8.2	%	—	%
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, The Company had an investment in an entity that originates residential loans. The Company purchased $40.8 million and $16.0 million of residential loans from the entity during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Consolidated SLST

The Company owns first loss subordinated securities and certain IOs issued by a Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization. In accordance with GAAP, the Company has consolidated the underlying seasoned re-performing and non-performing residential loans of the securitization and the CDOs issued to permanently finance these residential loans, representing Consolidated SLST.

Our investment in Consolidated SLST as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was limited to the RMBS comprised of first loss subordinated securities and certain IOs issued by the securitization with an aggregate net carrying value of $151.2 million and $157.2 million, respectively. For more information on investment securities held by the Company within Consolidated SLST, refer to the "Investment Securities" section below.

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The following table details the loan characteristics of the underlying residential loans that back our first loss subordinated securities issued by Consolidated SLST as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands, except current average loan size):

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Current fair value	$	738,126		$	754,860
Current unpaid principal balance	$	875,562		$	892,546
Number of loans	5,733			5,813
Current average loan size	$	152,723		$	153,543
Weighted average original loan term (in months) at purchase	352			352
Weighted average LTV at purchase	68		%	68		%
Weighted average credit score at purchase	702			701
Current Coupon:
3.00% or less	2.5		%	2.5		%
3.01% – 4.00%	38.4		%	38.5		%
4.01% – 5.00%	39.5		%	39.5		%
5.01% – 6.00%	11.9		%	11.8		%
6.01% and over	7.7		%	7.7		%
Delinquency Status:
Current	72.4		%	72.6		%
31 - 60	12.7		%	12.9		%
61 - 90	5.4		%	5.0		%
90+	9.5		%	9.5		%
Origination Year:
2005 or earlier	31.1		%	31.1		%
2006	15.6		%	15.7		%
2007	21.6		%	21.5		%
2008 or later	31.7		%	31.7		%
Geographic state concentration (greater than 5.0%):
California	10.7		%	10.7		%
Florida	10.1		%	10.3		%
New York	10.0		%	10.0		%
New Jersey	7.6		%	7.6		%
Illinois	7.2		%	7.2		%

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Residential Loans, Real Estate Owned and Single-Family Rental Property Financing

Repurchase Agreements

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had repurchase agreements with five third-party financial institutions to finance residential loans, real estate owned and single-family rental properties. As of March 31, 2024, the Company's only repurchase agreement exposure where the amount of collateral at risk was in excess of 5% of the Company's stockholders’ equity was to Atlas SP at 6.39%. The amount at risk is defined as the fair value of assets pledged as collateral to the financing arrangement in excess of the financing arrangement liability.

The following table presents detailed information about these repurchase agreements and associated assets pledged as collateral at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Maximum Aggregate Uncommitted Principal Amount		Outstanding Repurchase Agreements (1)		Net Deferred Finance Costs (2)		Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements		Carrying Value of Assets Pledged (3)		Weighted Average Rate		Weighted Average Months to Maturity (4)
March 31, 2024	$	2,225,000	$	456,038	$	(1,391)	$	454,647	$	607,904	7.91	%	12.82
December 31, 2023	$	2,225,000	$	611,055	$	(2,005)	$	609,050	$	805,082	7.87	%	13.89

(1)Includes non-mark-to-market repurchase agreements with an aggregate outstanding balance of $103.0 million, a weighted average rate of 8.12%, and weighted average months to maturity of 12 months as of March 31, 2024. Includes non-mark-to-market repurchase agreements with an aggregate outstanding balance of $179.1 million, a weighted average rate of 8.19%, and weighted average months to maturity of 14 months as of December 31, 2023.

(2)Costs related to the repurchase agreements which include commitment, underwriting, legal, accounting and other fees are reflected as deferred charges. Such costs are presented as a deduction from the corresponding debt liability on the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method, or straight line-method, if the result is not materially different.

(3)Includes residential loans and real estate owned with an aggregate fair value of $466.5 million and single-family rental properties with a net carrying value of $141.4 million as of March 31, 2024. Includes residential loans with an aggregate fair value of $658.3 million and single-family rental properties with a net carrying value of $146.7 million as of December 31, 2023.

(4)The Company expects to roll outstanding amounts under these repurchase agreements into new repurchase agreements or other financings, or to repay outstanding amounts, prior to or at maturity.

The following table details the quarterly average balance, ending balance and maximum balance at any month-end during each quarter in 2024, 2023 and 2022 for our repurchase agreements secured by residential loans and single-family rental properties (dollar amounts in thousands):

Quarter Ended	Quarterly Average Balance		End of Quarter Balance		Maximum Balance at any Month-End
March 31, 2024	$	437,826	$	456,038	$	456,038
December 31, 2023	559,118		611,055		611,055
September 30, 2023	469,393		505,477		505,477
June 30, 2023	524,264		481,947		579,475
March 31, 2023	579,271		562,371		609,885
December 31, 2022	833,517		688,487		1,076,747
September 30, 2022	1,324,819		1,163,408		1,554,993
June 30, 2022	1,386,714		1,566,926		1,566,926
March 31, 2022	682,867		783,168		783,168

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Collateralized Debt Obligations

Included in our portfolio are residential loans that are pledged as collateral for CDOs issued by the Company or by Consolidated SLST. The Company had a net investment in Consolidated SLST and other residential loan securitizations of $152.5 million and $275.0 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a net investment in Consolidated SLST and other residential loan securitizations of $158.4 million and $315.2 million, respectively.

The following tables present a summary of Consolidated SLST CDOs and CDOs issued by the Company's residential loan securitizations as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Outstanding Face Amount		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Interest Rate (1)(2)		Stated Maturity (3)
Consolidated SLST (4)	$	640,426	$	582,627	2.75	%	2059
Residential loan securitizations at fair value (4)	$	528,534	$	497,141	5.28	%	2029 - 2068
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost	$	1,123,696	$	1,108,594	3.73	%	2026 - 2062

	December 31, 2023
	Outstanding Face Amount		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Interest Rate (1)		Stated Maturity (3)
Consolidated SLST (4)	$	652,933	$	593,737	2.75	%	2059
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost	$	1,292,015	$	1,276,780	4.00	%	2026 - 2062

(1)Weighted average interest rate is calculated using the outstanding face amount and stated interest rate of notes issued by the securitization and not owned by the Company.

(2)Certain of the Company's CDOs contain interest rate step-up features whereby the interest rate increases if the outstanding notes are not redeemed by expected redemption dates, as defined in the respective governing documents. The following table presents a summary of CDO interest rate step-up features as of March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Outstanding Balance		Step-Up	Step-Up Date	Additional Step-Up	Additional Step-Up Date
$	389,685	3.00%	August 2024 - July 2025	1.00%	August 2025 - July 2026
$	721,455	1.00%, 1.50%, 2.00%	May 2024 - December 2026	N/A	N/A

(3)The actual maturity of the Company's CDOs are primarily determined by the rate of principal prepayments on the assets of the issuing entity. The CDOs are also subject to redemption prior to the stated maturity according to the terms of the respective governing documents. As a result, the actual maturity of the CDOs may occur earlier than the stated maturity.

(4)The Company has elected the fair value option for CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST and issued by residential loan securitizations completed after January 1, 2024.

104

Investment Securities

At March 31, 2024, our investment securities portfolio included Agency RMBS and non-Agency RMBS, which are classified as investment securities available for sale. Our investment securities also include first loss subordinated securities and certain IOs issued by Consolidated SLST. At March 31, 2024, we had no investment securities in a single issuer or entity that had an aggregate book value in excess of 5% of our total assets. The increase in the carrying value of our investment securities as of March 31, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023 is primarily due to purchases of Agency RMBS during the period partially offset by a decrease in the fair value of Agency RMBS due to increases in interest rates.

The following tables summarize our investment securities portfolio as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
					Unrealized						Weighted Average
Investment Securities	Current Par Value		Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value		Coupon (1)		Yield (2)		Outstanding Repurchase Agreements (3)
Available for Sale (“AFS”)
Agency RMBS
Fixed rate	$	2,008,771	$	2,015,078	$	14,390	$	(6,812)	$	2,022,656	5.86	%	5.78	%	$	1,820,331
Adjustable rate	146,980		145,369		1,741		—		147,110		5.47	%	5.46	%	137,819
IO	1,204,503		62,222		—		(14,503)		47,719		0.72	%	13.90	%	33,335
Total Agency RMBS	3,360,254		2,222,669		16,131		(21,315)		2,217,485		3.94	%	5.98	%	1,991,485
Non-Agency RMBS
Subordinated	7,830		7,198		—		(4,035)		3,163		3.92	%	4.53	%	—
IO	368,390		14,249		6,443		—		20,692		1.47	%	28.86	%	—
Total Non-Agency RMBS	376,220		21,447		6,443		(4,035)		23,855		1.52	%	20.67	%	—
Total - AFS	$	3,736,474	$	2,244,116	$	22,574	$	(25,350)	$	2,241,340	3.69	%	6.13	%	$	1,991,485
Consolidated SLST
Non-Agency RMBS
Subordinated	$	233,636	$	184,929	$	—	$	(49,843)	$	135,086	4.46	%	4.18	%	$	60,457
IO	137,234		17,091		—		(938)		16,153		3.50	%	8.22	%	—
Total Non-Agency RMBS	370,870		202,020		—		(50,781)		151,239		4.10	%	4.53	%	60,457
Total - Consolidated SLST	$	370,870	$	202,020	$	—	$	(50,781)	$	151,239	4.10	%	4.53	%	$	60,457
Total Investment Securities	$	4,107,344	$	2,446,136	$	22,574	$	(76,131)	$	2,392,579	3.73	%	5.99	%	$	2,051,942

105

	December 31, 2023
					Unrealized						Weighted Average
Investment Securities	Current Par Value		Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value		Coupon (1)		Yield (2)		Outstanding Repurchase Agreements (3)
Available for Sale (“AFS”)
Agency RMBS
Fixed rate	$	1,756,343	$	1,761,138	$	21,581	$	(1,829)	$	1,780,890	5.74	%	5.64	%	$	1,602,695
Adjustable rate	149,052		147,460		1,741		—		149,201		5.48	%	5.35	%	137,084
IO	1,139,828		52,623		6,813		(203)		59,233		0.76	%	14.81	%	31,657
Total Agency RMBS	3,045,223		1,961,221		30,135		(2,032)		1,989,324		4.34	%	5.79	%	1,771,436
Non-Agency RMBS
Senior	35		35		—		(4)		31		3.65	%	3.60	%	—
Subordinated	8,164		7,526		—		(4,281)		3,245		4.61	%	7.39	%	—
IO	375,563		14,571		6,646		—		21,217		1.63	%	27.42	%	—
Total Non-Agency RMBS	383,762		22,132		6,646		(4,285)		24,493		1.70	%	20.27	%	—
Total - AFS	$	3,428,985	$	1,983,353	$	36,781	$	(6,317)	$	2,013,817	3.64	%	6.20	%	$	1,771,436
Consolidated SLST
Non-Agency RMBS
Subordinated	$	238,017	$	189,962	$	—	$	(49,684)	$	140,278	4.44	%	4.01	%	$	55,881
IO	139,914		17,937		—		(1,061)		16,876		3.50	%	7.43	%	—
Total Non-Agency RMBS	377,931		207,899		—		(50,745)		157,154		4.09	%	4.32	%	55,881
Total - Consolidated SLST	$	377,931	$	207,899	$	—	$	(50,745)	$	157,154	4.09	%	4.32	%	$	55,881
Total Investment Securities	$	3,806,916	$	2,191,252	$	36,781	$	(57,062)	$	2,170,971	3.74	%	5.80	%	$	1,827,317

(1)Our weighted average coupon was calculated by dividing our annualized coupon income by our weighted average current par value for the respective periods.

(2)Our weighted average yield was calculated by dividing our annualized interest income by our weighted average amortized cost for the respective periods.

(3)Outstanding repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 do not include $5.4 million and $34.7 million, respectively, of repurchase agreement financing for CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations. Repurchased CDOs are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

As of March 31, 2024, Agency RMBS with a fair value of $35.0 million were pledged as initial margin for outstanding interest rate swaps.

106

Investment Securities Financing

Repurchase Agreements

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $2.1 billion outstanding under repurchase agreements with third-party financial institutions to fund a portion of its investment securities available for sale, securities owned in Consolidated SLST and CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations. These repurchase agreements are short-term financings that bear interest rates typically based on a spread to SOFR and are secured by the investment securities which they finance. Upon entering into a financing transaction, our counterparties negotiate a “haircut”, which is the difference expressed in percentage terms between the fair value of the collateral and the amount the counterparty will advance to us. The size of the haircut represents the counterparty’s perceived risk associated with holding the investment securities as collateral. The haircut provides counterparties with a cushion for daily market value movements that reduce the need for margin calls or margins to be returned as normal daily changes in investment security market values occur. The Company expects to roll outstanding amounts under its repurchase agreements into new repurchase agreements or other financings, or to repay outstanding amounts, prior to or at maturity.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company's only repurchase agreement exposure where the amount of investment securities at risk was in excess of 5% of the Company's stockholders’ equity was to Bank of America at 5.02%. As of March 31, 2024, the weighted average interest rate for repurchase agreements secured by investment securities was 5.55%.

The following table details the quarterly average balance, ending balance and maximum balance at any month-end during each quarter in 2024, 2023 and 2022 for our repurchase agreements secured by investment securities (dollar amounts in thousands):

Quarter Ended	Quarterly Average Balance		End of Quarter Balance		Maximum Balance at any Month-End
March 31, 2024	$	2,078,041	$	2,057,361	$	2,126,993
December 31, 2023	1,851,577		1,862,063		1,870,941
September 30, 2023	1,184,714		1,490,996		1,490,996
June 30, 2023	492,473		664,459		664,459
March 31, 2023	131,174		226,778		226,778
December 31, 2022	50,077		50,077		50,077
September 30, 2022	53,159		53,159		53,159
June 30, 2022	132,712		129,331		138,301
March 31, 2022	116,766		144,852		144,852

107

Mezzanine Lending

The Company's Mezzanine Lending strategy may include preferred equity in, and mezzanine loans to, entities that have multi-family real estate assets. A preferred equity investment is an equity investment in the entity that owns the underlying property and mezzanine loans are secured by a pledge of the borrower’s equity ownership in the property. We evaluate our Mezzanine Lending investments for accounting treatment as loans versus equity investments. Mezzanine Lending investments for which the characteristics, facts and circumstances indicate that loan accounting treatment is appropriate are included in multi-family loans on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Mezzanine Lending investments where the risks and payment characteristics are equivalent to an equity investment are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are included in equity investments on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company records its equity in earnings or losses from these Mezzanine Lending investments under the hypothetical liquidation of book value method of accounting due to the structures and the preferences it receives on the distributions from these entities pursuant to the respective agreements. Under this method, the Company recognizes income or loss in each period based on the change in liquidation proceeds it would receive from a hypothetical liquidation of its investment.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company reconsidered its evaluation of its variable interest in a VIE that owned a multi-family apartment community and in which the Company holds a preferred equity investment. The Company determined that it gained the power to direct the activities, and became primary beneficiary, of the VIE and consolidated the VIE into its consolidated financial statements.

As of March 31, 2024, one preferred equity investment was greater than 90 days delinquent. In response to recent developments with respect to the property, its financing and market conditions, the Company reduced the fair value of this investment to zero as of March 31, 2024. This investment represents 1.6% of the total investment amount of the Mezzanine Lending portfolio.

The following tables summarize our Mezzanine Lending portfolio as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Count	Fair Value (1) (2)		Investment Amount (2)		Weighted Average Preferred Return Rate (3)		Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years)
Preferred equity investments	20	$	192,713	$	197,975	12.42	%	4.0
Preferred equity investment in Consolidated VIE (4)	1	14,103		14,128		13.50	%	7.8
Total	21	$	206,816	$	212,103	12.50	%	4.3

	December 31, 2023
	Count	Fair Value (1) (2)		Investment Amount (2)		Weighted Average Preferred Return Rate (3)		Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years)
Preferred equity investments	21	$	200,034	$	200,690	12.40	%	4.2
Preferred equity investment in Consolidated VIE (4)	1	11,706		11,732		13.50	%	8.0
Total	22	$	211,740	$	212,422	12.46	%	4.4

(1)Preferred equity investments in the amounts of $91.9 million and $95.8 million are included in multi-family loans on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Preferred equity investments in the amounts of $100.8 million and $104.2 million are included in equity investments on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(2)The difference between the fair value and investment amount consists of any unrealized gain or loss.

(3)Based upon investment amount and contractual preferred return rate.

108

(4)Represents the Company's preferred equity investment in a Consolidated VIE that owns a multi-family apartment community. A reconciliation of our preferred equity investment in the Consolidated VIE to our condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, is shown below (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,600	$	1,300
Real estate, net	54,003		54,439
Lease intangible, net (a)	951		2,378
Other assets	4,893		4,722
Total assets	61,447		62,839
Mortgage payable on real estate, net	45,112		45,142
Other liabilities	1,531		2,403
Total liabilities	46,643		47,545
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIE	701		3,588
Preferred equity investment in Consolidated VIE	$	14,103	$	11,706

(1)Included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

109

Mezzanine Lending Characteristics:

The following tables present characteristics of our Mezzanine Lending portfolio summarized by geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of our total investment amount as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
State	Count	Investment Amount		% Total		Weighted Average Coupon		Weighted Average LTV (1)		Weighted Average DSCR (2)
Florida	3	$	50,901	24.0	%	13.1	%	82	%	1.08x
Texas	6	45,625		21.5	%	12.0	%	93	%	1.30x
Utah	1	22,347		10.5	%	12.0	%	69	%	N/A	(3)
Arizona	1	18,449		8.7	%	14.0	%	86	%	1.22x
Tennessee	1	14,736		7.0	%	11.0	%	90	%	1.07x
Other	9	60,045		28.3	%	12.5	%	83	%	1.31x
Total	21	$	212,103	100.0	%	12.5	%	84	%	1.26x

	December 31, 2023
State	Count	Investment Amount		% Total		Weighted Average Coupon		Weighted Average LTV (1)		Weighted Average DSCR (2)
Florida	4	$	55,753	26.3	%	13.0	%	77	%	1.27x
Texas	6	42,854		20.2	%	11.9	%	92	%	1.21x
Utah	1	21,970		10.3	%	12.0	%	68	%	N/A	(3)
Arizona	1	17,811		8.4	%	14.0	%	85	%	0.45x	(4)
Tennessee	1	14,525		6.8	%	11.0	%	90	%	1.27x
Other	9	59,509		28.0	%	12.5	%	83	%	1.36x
Total	22	$	212,422	100.0	%	12.5	%	83	%	1.24x

(1)Represents the weighted average LTV utilizing combined senior and mezzanine loans and combined origination appraisal and capital expenditure budget.

(2)Represents the weighted average debt service coverage ratio ("DSCR") of the underlying properties and excludes properties that are subject to a senior construction loan agreement.

(3)Not applicable as the underlying property is under construction.

(4)DSCR for this property affected by low occupancy.

110

Equity Investments in Multi-Family Entities

The Company owns joint venture equity investments in entities that own multi-family properties. The Company determined that these joint venture entities are VIEs and that the Company is the primary beneficiary of all but two of these VIEs, resulting in consolidation of the VIEs where we are the primary beneficiary, including their assets, liabilities, income and expenses, in our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. We receive a preferred return and/or pro rata variable distributions from these investments and, in certain cases, management fees based upon property performance. We also will participate in allocation of excess cash upon sale of the multi-family real estate assets.

In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of the returned capital from such investments to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the Company determined that certain joint venture equity investments met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and transferred the assets and liabilities of the respective Consolidated VIEs and its unconsolidated multi-family joint venture equity investments to assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale.

In December 2023 and March 2024, certain of the joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties were determined to no longer meet held for sale criteria and either the assets and liabilities of the respective Consolidated VIEs or its equity investment in the joint venture entity were transferred to their respective categories or equity investments, at fair value, respectively, on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 9 for additional information. The Company's net equity in consolidated joint venture equity investments ("Consolidated JVs") and disposal group held for sale totaled $197.7 million and $236.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

A reconciliation of our net equity investments in Consolidated JVs and disposal group held for sale, including one preferred equity investment in a Consolidated VIE, to our condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, is shown below (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	14,325	$	15,612
Real estate, net (1)	1,005,161		979,934
Lease intangible, net (2)	951		2,378
Assets of disposal group held for sale (3)	146,363		426,017
Other assets	30,728		34,657
Total assets	$	1,197,528	$	1,458,598
Mortgages payable on real estate, net (4)	$	850,743	$	784,421
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (3)	122,318		386,024
Other liabilities	15,163		21,797
Total liabilities	$	988,224	$	1,192,242
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	$	20,128	$	28,061
Less: Cumulative adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value	(36,489)		(30,062)
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	12,089		17,150
Non-controlling interest in disposal group held for sale	1,736		3,178
Net equity investment (5)	$	211,840	$	248,029
Less: Net equity in preferred equity investment in Consolidated VIE (6)	(14,103)		(11,706)
Net equity investment in Consolidated JVs and disposal group held for sale	$	197,737	$	236,323

(1)Includes real estate held for sale in the amount of $36.2 million as of March 31, 2024.

(2)Included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(3)See Note 9 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale.

111

(4)See Note 14 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our mortgages payable on real estate.

(5)The Company's net equity investment as of March 31, 2024 consists of $189.5 million of net equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties (including its preferred equity investment in a Consolidated VIE) and $22.3 million of net equity investments in disposal group held for sale. The Company's net equity investment as of December 31, 2023 consists of $211.2 million of net equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties (including its preferred equity investment in a Consolidated VIE) and $36.8 million of net equity investments in disposal group held for sale.

(6)See "Mezzanine Lending" above for description of preferred equity investment in Consolidated VIE.

Unconsolidated Multi-Family Joint Venture Equity Investments

The Company owns equity interests in two additional joint venture entities that own multi-family apartment communities. The Company determined that these joint venture entities are VIEs but that the Company is not the primary beneficiary, resulting in the Company recording its equity investments at fair value. We receive variable distributions from these investments on a pro rata basis and management fees based upon property performance. We also will participate in allocation of excess cash upon sale of the multi-family real estate assets. The following tables summarize our unconsolidated multi-family joint venture equity investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

March 31, 2024
State	Property Count	Ownership Interest	Fair Value
Texas	2	70%	$	1,670

December 31, 2023
State	Property Count	Ownership Interest	Fair Value
Texas	2	70%	$	5,720

Joint Venture Equity Investments in Consolidated Multi-Family Properties not in Disposal Group Held for Sale

As of March 31, 2024, the Company's net joint venture equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties not in disposal group held for sale of $175.4 million consists of ten joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and a combined preferred equity and common equity investment in one joint venture entity that do not meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale. One of the joint venture entities has third-party investors that have the ability to sell their ownership interests to us, at their election once a year subject to annual minimum and maximum amount limitations, and we are obligated to purchase, subject to certain conditions, such interests for cash, representing redeemable non-controlling interests of approximately $20.1 million as of March 31, 2024.

112

The geographic concentrations in joint venture equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties exceeding 5% of our joint venture equity investments in consolidated multi-family properties not in disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are shown below (dollar amounts in thousands):

March 31, 2024
State	Property Count	Total Equity Ownership Interest	Net Equity Investment (1)		Percentage of Total Net Equity Investment
Texas	5	70%	$	51,241	36.9	%
Florida	6	50% - 95%	$	34,010	24.5	%
South Carolina	2	67% - 70%	$	14,290	10.3	%
Alabama	2	70% - 80%	$	12,291	8.9	%
Kentucky	1	70%	$	11,692	8.4	%
Tennessee	2	65% - 70%	$	7,707	5.6	%

December 31, 2023
State	Property Count	Total Equity Ownership Interest	Net Equity Investment (1)		Percentage of Total Net Equity Investment
Florida	5	50% - 95%	$	56,607	33.4	%
Texas	5	70%	$	49,727	29.4	%
Tennessee	2	65% - 70%	$	18,131	10.7	%
South Carolina	2	67% - 70%	$	13,561	8.0	%
Alabama	2	70% - 80%	$	11,737	6.9	%
Kentucky	1	70%	$	10,979	6.5	%

(1)Represents our joint venture equity investment in consolidated multi-family properties net of redeemable non-controlling interest at its estimated redemption value.

113

Property Data for Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties not in Disposal Group Held for Sale

The following table provides summary information regarding our joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties that are not in disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024.

Market	Property Count	Occupancy %			Units	Rent per Unit (1)		LTV (2)
Apopka, FL	1	91.7	%		240	$	1,740	77.5	%
Beaufort, SC	1	93.1	%		248	1,558		71.8	%
Birmingham, AL	1	93.7	%		429	1,333		75.9	%
Brandon, FL	1	82.8	%		285	1,613		77.8	%
Collierville, TN	1	85.8	%		324	1,514		87.5	%
Columbia, SC	1	93.5	%		276	1,184		83.3	%
Dallas, TX	2	92.8	%		401	1,888		83.4	%
Houston, TX	2	93.6	%		392	1,181		77.6	%
Kissimmee, FL	1	89.1	%		320	1,785		77.7	%
Little Rock, AR	1	95.0	%		202	1,326		87.9	%
Louisville, KY	1	93.7	%		300	1,397		82.6	%
Memphis, TN	1	66.5	%	(3)	242	1,087		75.0	%
Montgomery, AL	1	89.7	%		252	1,004		77.0	%
Oklahoma City, OK	2	87.5	%		957	776		76.0	%
Orlando, FL	1	93.6	%		220	1,579		76.4	%
San Antonio, TX	2	91.2	%		684	1,278		85.9	%
St. Petersburg, FL	1	96.6	%		326	2,467		71.9	%
Tampa, FL	1	80.8	%		400	1,701		77.6	%
Webster, TX	1	90.2	%		366	961		78.2	%
Total Count/Average	23	89.5	%		6,864	$	1,382	78.8	%

(1)Represents average monthly rent per unit.

(2)Represents the weighted average LTV of the underlying properties utilizing combined maximum senior committed mortgage amount and preferred equity balances, if any, and the most recent appraisal.

(3)Property incurred a loss due to fire, affecting occupancy until units are returned to service.

Property Data for Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties in Disposal Group Held for Sale

The following table provides summary information regarding the multi-family properties in the disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024.

Market	Property Count	Occupancy %		Units	Rent per Unit (1)		LTV (2)
Birmingham, AL	1	92.4	%	264	$	1,703	66.6	%
Fort Myers, FL	1	91.1	%	338	1,534		78.1	%
Pensacola, FL	1	88.3	%	240	1,419		76.2	%
Total Count/Average	3	90.7	%	842	$	1,556	74.0	%

(1)Represents average monthly rent per unit.

(2)Represents the weighted average LTV of the underlying properties utilizing maximum senior committed mortgage amount and combined origination appraisal and capital expenditure budget.

114

Equity Investment in Entity that Originates Residential Loans

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had an investment in an entity that originates residential loans. The Company accounts for this investment using the equity method and has elected the fair value option. The following table summarizes our ownership interest in the entity that originates residential loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

		March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
	Strategy	Ownership Interest	Fair Value		Ownership Interest	Fair Value
Constructive Loans, LLC	Residential Loans	50%	$	35,465	50%	$	37,154
Total			$	35,465		$	37,154

115

Derivative Assets and Liabilities

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company enters into derivative financial instruments in connection with its risk management activities. These derivative instruments may include interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, credit default swaps, futures and options contracts such as options on credit default swap indices, equity index options, swaptions and options on futures. The Company may also pursue forward-settling purchases or sales of Agency RMBS where the underlying pools of mortgage loans are “To-Be-Announced,” or TBAs, purchase options on U.S. Treasury futures or invest in other types of mortgage derivative securities. The Company elected not to apply hedge accounting for its derivative instruments.

The Company and the entities that own multi-family properties in which the Company owns joint venture equity investments are required by lenders on certain repurchase agreement financing and variable-rate mortgages payable on real estate to enter into interest rate cap contracts. These interest rate cap contracts are with a counterparty that involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from the counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. During the period these contracts are open, changes in the value of the contract are recognized as gains or losses on derivative instruments.

The Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge the variable cash flows associated with our variable-rate borrowings. Interest rate swaps generally involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty, based on SOFR, in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the interest rate swap without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in order to manage its position with regard to its liabilities, the Company may also enter into interest rate swaps which involve the receipt of fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable-rate payments, based on SOFR, over the life of the interest rate swap without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The variable rate we pay or receive under our swap agreements has the effect of offsetting the repricing characteristics and cash flows of the Company's financing arrangements.

The Company has equity index put options that give the Company the right to sell or buy the underlying index at a specified strike price, U.S. Treasury future contracts that obligate the Company to sell or buy U.S. Treasury securities for future delivery. The Company has purchased credit default swap index contracts under which a counterparty, in exchange for a premium, agrees to compensate the Company for the financial loss associated with the occurrence of a credit event in relation to a notional value of an index. The Company may also purchase credit default swap index options that allow the Company to enter into a fixed rate payor position in the underlying credit default swap index at the agreed strike level.

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Debt

The Company's debt as of March 31, 2024 included senior unsecured notes and subordinated debentures.

Senior Unsecured Notes

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes (the "Senior Unsecured Notes") outstanding, due on April 30, 2026. The Senior Unsecured Notes were issued at par and carry deferred charges resulting in a total cost to the Company of approximately 6.64%. The Company's Senior Unsecured Notes contain various covenants including the maintenance of a minimum net asset value, ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured indebtedness and senior debt service coverage ratio and limit the amount of leverage the Company may utilize and its ability to transfer the Company’s assets substantially as an entirety or merge into or consolidate with another person.

Subordinated Debentures

As of March 31, 2024, certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries had trust preferred securities outstanding of $45.0 million with a weighted average interest rate of 9.41% which are due in 2035. The securities are fully guaranteed by us with respect to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation, redemption or repayment. These securities are classified as subordinated debentures in the liability section of our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Balance Sheet Analysis - Company's Stockholders’ Equity

The following table provides a summary of the Company's stockholders' equity at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
8.000% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock	$	147,745	$	147,745
7.875% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock	177,697		177,697
6.875% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock	138,418		138,418
7.000% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock	71,585		71,585
Common stock	912		907
Additional paid-in capital	2,289,452		2,297,081
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	—		(4)
Accumulated deficit	(1,340,553)		(1,253,817)
Company's stockholders' equity	$	1,485,256	$	1,579,612

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements. Our short-term (the 12 months ending March 31, 2025) and long-term (beyond March 31, 2025) liquidity requirements include ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain investments, comply with margin requirements, fund our operations, pay dividends to our stockholders and other general business needs. Generally, our short-term and long-term liquidity needs are met by our existing cash balances and our investments and assets which generate liquidity on an ongoing basis through principal and interest payments, prepayments, net earnings retained prior to payment of dividends and distributions from equity investments. In addition, we may satisfy our short-term and/or long-term liquidity needs through the sale of assets from our investment portfolio, securities offerings or the securitization or collateralized financing of our assets.

Since late March 2020, we have focused on strengthening our balance sheet and long-term capital preservation primarily by focusing on assets and markets that provide compelling risk-adjusted returns through either an unlevered strategy or through residential loan repurchase agreement financing with terms of one year or more or sustainable non-mark-to-market financing arrangements, including securitizations and non-mark-to-market repurchase agreement financing. Beginning in the year ended December 31, 2023, we have been expanding our holdings of Agency RMBS, which is more liquid than many if not all of the investments in our portfolio of credit investments, and have utilized mark-to-market repurchase agreement financing to fund that expansion. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s portfolio recourse leverage ratio of 1.6x, remains low relative to historical levels. As of March 31, 2024, 56% of our debt, excluding mortgages payable on real estate and Consolidated SLST CDOs, is subject to mark-to-market margin calls, with 46% collateralized by Agency RMBS and 10% collateralized by residential credit assets. The remaining 44% has no exposure to collateral repricing by our counterparties.

We expect to continue to opportunistically dispose of assets from our portfolio, including our joint venture equity investments, and generate higher portfolio turnover in order to pursue investments across the residential housing sector with a focus on acquiring assets with less price sensitivity to credit deterioration that are capable of expanding our interest income, like Agency RMBS. We also intend to maintain a solid position in unrestricted cash and remain committed to prudently managing our liabilities. At March 31, 2024, we had $212.6 million of available cash and cash equivalents (excluding cash and cash equivalents held by Consolidated Real Estate VIEs), $151.1 million of unencumbered investment securities (including the securities we own in Consolidated SLST and CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations), and $186.8 million of unencumbered residential loans.

We historically have endeavored to fund our investments and operations through a balanced and diverse funding mix, including proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred equity and debt securities, short-term and longer-term repurchase agreements and CDOs. With respect to the multi-family properties in which we hold joint venture equity investments, the properties are encumbered by a senior mortgage loan. The type and terms of the ultimate financing used by us depends on the asset being financed and the financing available at the time of the financing. As a result of the severe market dislocations related to the COVID-19 pandemic and, more specifically, the unprecedented illiquidity in our short-term repurchase agreement financing and MBS markets during that time, we have placed a greater emphasis on procuring longer-termed and/or more committed financing arrangements for our credit investments, such as securitizations, term financings and corporate debt securities that provide less or no exposure to fluctuations in the collateral repricing determinations of financing counterparties or rapid liquidity reductions in repurchase agreement financing markets. Although we expect our leverage to move higher as we expand our holding of Agency RMBS with the aid of short-term mark-to-market repurchase agreement financing, we intend to continue to focus on procuring longer-term and non-mark-to-market financing arrangements for certain parts of our credit portfolio.

Based on current market conditions, our current investment portfolio, new investment initiatives, expectations to dispose of assets from time to time on terms favorable to us, leverage ratio and available and future possible financing arrangements, we believe our existing cash balances, funds available under our various financing arrangements and cash flows from operations will meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months. We will continue to explore additional financing arrangements to further strengthen our balance sheet and position ourselves for future investment opportunities, including, without limitation, additional issuances of our equity and debt securities and longer-termed financing arrangements; however, no assurance can be given that we will be able to access any such financing, or the size, timing or terms thereof.

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Cash Flows and Liquidity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased by $60.1 million.

Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

We used net cash flows in operating activities totaling $13.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Our cash flow used in operating activities differs from our net income due to these primary factors: (i) differences between (a) accretion, amortization, depreciation and recognition of income and losses recorded with respect to our investments and (b) the cash received therefrom and (ii) unrealized gains and losses on our investments (including impairment of real estate and loss on reclassification of disposal group).

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, our net cash flows used in investing activities were $254.0 million, primarily as a result of purchases of investment securities and residential loans and capital expenditures on real estate. This was partially offset by principal repayments received on residential loans and investment securities, net proceeds from the sale of residential loans and real estate, return of capital from equity investments, net variation margin received for derivative instruments and net payments received from derivative instruments.

Although we generally intend to hold our assets as long-term investments, we may sell certain of these assets in order to manage our interest rate risk and liquidity needs, to meet other operating objectives or to adapt to market conditions. We cannot predict the timing and impact of future sales of assets, if any.

Because a portion of our assets are financed through repurchase agreements or CDOs, a portion of the proceeds from any sales of or principal repayments on our assets may be used to repay balances under these financing sources. Accordingly, all or a significant portion of cash flows from principal repayments received from residential loans, including residential loans held in Consolidated SLST, and proceeds from sales or principal paydowns received from investment securities available for sale were used to repay CDOs issued by the respective Consolidated VIEs or repurchase agreements (included as cash used in financing activities). Additionally, a significant portion of cash flows from the sale of real estate held in Consolidated VIEs, if any, were used to repay outstanding mortgages payable on real estate held in Consolidated VIEs.

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, our net cash flows provided by financing activities were $327.2 million. The main sources of cash flows from financing activities were proceeds from issuance of CDOs and proceeds from repurchase agreements related to our investment securities. This was partially offset by paydowns on and extinguishment of CDOs and dividend payments on both common and preferred stock.

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Liquidity – Financing Arrangements

As of March 31, 2024, we have outstanding short-term repurchase agreement financing on our investment securities, a form of collateralized short-term financing, with multiple financial institutions. The repurchase agreements we use to finance our investment securities are secured by certain of our investment securities and bear interest rates that move in close relationship to SOFR. Any financings under these repurchase agreements are based on the fair value of the assets that serve as collateral under these agreements. Interest rate changes and increased prepayment activity can have a negative impact on the valuation of these securities, reducing the amount we can borrow under these agreements. Moreover, these repurchase agreements allow the counterparties to determine a new market value of the collateral to reflect current market conditions and because these lines of financing are not committed, the counterparty can effectively call the loan at any time. Market value of the collateral represents the price of such collateral obtained from generally recognized sources or the most recent closing bid quotation from such source plus accrued income. If a counterparty determines that the value of the collateral has decreased, the counterparty may initiate a margin call and require us to either post additional collateral to cover such decrease or repay a portion of the outstanding amount financed in cash, on minimal notice, and repurchase may be accelerated upon an event of default under the repurchase agreements. Moreover, in the event an existing counterparty elected to not renew the outstanding balance at its maturity into a new repurchase agreement, we would be required to repay the outstanding balance with cash or proceeds received from a new counterparty or to surrender the securities that serve as collateral for the outstanding balance, or any combination thereof. If we were unable to secure financing from a new counterparty and had to surrender the collateral, we would expect to incur a loss. In addition, in the event a repurchase agreement counterparty defaults on its obligation to “re-sell” or return to us the assets that are securing the financing at the end of the term of the repurchase agreement, we would incur a loss on the transaction equal to the amount of “haircut” associated with the short-term repurchase agreement, which we sometimes refer to as the “amount at risk.”

At March 31, 2024, we had longer-term repurchase agreements with initial terms of up to two years with multiple third-party financial institutions that are secured by certain of our residential loans, real estate owned and single-family rental properties. The outstanding financing under three of these repurchase agreements are subject to margin calls to the extent the market value of the collateral falls below specified levels. We have entered into or amended repurchase agreements with three new and existing counterparties that are secured by certain of our residential loans and are not subject to margin calls in the event the market value of the collateral declines. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Balance Sheet Analysis—Residential Loans, Real Estate Owned and Single-Family Rental Property Financing—Repurchase Agreements" for further information. During the terms of the repurchase agreements secured by residential loans, proceeds from the residential loans will be applied to pay any price differential, if applicable, and to reduce the aggregate repurchase price of the collateral. Repurchase of the residential loans, real estate owned and single-family rental properties financed by the repurchase agreements may be accelerated upon an event of default. The repurchase agreements secured by residential loans, real estate owned and single-family rental properties contain various covenants, including among other things, the maintenance of certain amounts of liquidity and stockholders' equity (as defined in the respective agreements). As of March 31, 2024, we had an aggregate amount at risk under repurchase agreements secured by residential loans, real estate owned and single-family rental properties of approximately $151.9 million, which represents the difference between the carrying value of the collateral pledged and the outstanding balance of our repurchase agreements. Significant margin calls have had, and could in the future have, a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, business, liquidity and ability to make distributions to our stockholders. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources – General” above.

As of March 31, 2024, we had assets available to be posted as margin which included liquid assets, such as unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, and unencumbered investment securities that could be monetized to pay down or collateralize a liability immediately. As of March 31, 2024, we had $212.6 million included in cash and cash equivalents and $151.1 million in unencumbered investment securities available to meet additional haircuts or market valuation requirements. The unencumbered investment securities that we believe may be posted as margin as of March 31, 2024 included $66.0 million of non-Agency RMBS (including an IO security we own in Consolidated SLST and CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations) and $85.1 million of Agency RMBS.

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At March 31, 2024, the Company had $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Unsecured Notes outstanding. The Senior Unsecured Notes were issued at 100% of the principal amount and bear interest at a rate equal to 5.75% per year (subject to adjustment from time to time based on changes in the ratings of the Senior Unsecured Notes by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations), payable semi-annually in arrears on April 30 and October 30 of each year, and are expected to mature on April 30, 2026, unless earlier redeemed. The Company has the right to redeem the Senior Unsecured Notes, in whole or in part, prior to maturity, subject to a "make-whole" premium or other date-dependent multiples of principal amount redeemed. No sinking fund is provided for the Senior Unsecured Notes. The Company's Senior Unsecured Notes also contain various covenants including the maintenance of a minimum net asset value, ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured indebtedness and senior debt service coverage ratio and limit the amount of leverage the Company may utilize and its ability to transfer the Company’s assets substantially as an entirety or merge into or consolidate with another person.

At March 31, 2024, we also had other longer-term debt which includes Company-sponsored residential loan securitization CDOs with a carrying value of $1.6 billion. We had eleven Company-sponsored securitizations with CDOs outstanding as of March 31, 2024. See Note 13 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for further discussion.

The real estate assets held by our multi-family joint venture equity investments are subject to mortgages payable. We have no obligation for repayment of the mortgages payable but, with respect to certain of the mortgages payable, we may execute a guaranty related to commitment of bad acts and our equity investment may be lost or reduced to the extent a lender forecloses on the property.

As of March 31, 2024, our Company recourse leverage ratio, which represents our total outstanding recourse repurchase agreement financing, subordinated debentures and Senior Unsecured Notes divided by our total stockholders' equity, was approximately 1.7 to 1. Our Company recourse leverage ratio does not include outstanding non-recourse repurchase agreement financing, debt associated with CDOs or mortgages payable on real estate, including mortgages payable on real estate of disposal group held for sale. As of March 31, 2024, our portfolio recourse leverage ratio, which represents our outstanding recourse repurchase agreement financing divided by our total stockholders' equity, was approximately 1.6 to 1. We monitor all at risk or shorter-term financings to enable us to respond to market disruptions as they arise.

Liquidity – Hedging and Other Factors

Certain of our hedging instruments may also impact our liquidity. We may use interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, credit default swaps, futures and options contracts such as options on credit default swap indices, equity index options, swaptions and options on futures. We may also use TBAs or other futures contracts to hedge interest rate and market value risk associated with our investment portfolio.

The Company and the entities that own multi-family properties in which the Company owns joint venture equity investments are required by lenders on certain repurchase agreement financing and variable-rate mortgages payable on real estate to enter into interest rate cap contracts. These interest rate cap contracts are with a counterparty that involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from the counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. During the period these contracts are open, changes in the value of the contract are recognized as gains or losses on derivative instruments. The joint venture entities that own the multi-family properties will be required to enter into new interest rate cap contracts upon their expiration and may require the Company to contribute additional capital to the respective joint venture.

With respect to interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, futures contracts and TBAs, initial margin deposits, which can be comprised of either cash or securities, will be made upon entering into these contracts. During the period these contracts are open, changes in the value of the contract are recognized as unrealized gains or losses by marking to market on a daily basis to reflect the market value of these contracts at the end of each day’s trading. We may be required to satisfy variation margin payments periodically, depending upon whether unrealized gains or losses are incurred. In addition, because delivery of TBAs extend beyond the typical settlement dates for most non-derivative investments, these transactions are more prone to market fluctuations between the trade date and the ultimate settlement date, and thereby are more vulnerable to increasing amounts at risk with the applicable counterparties.

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Liquidity — Securities Offerings

In addition to the financing arrangements described above under the caption “Liquidity—Financing Arrangements,” we also rely on follow-on equity offerings of common and preferred stock, and may utilize from time to time debt securities offerings, as a source of both short-term and long-term liquidity. We also may generate liquidity through the sale of shares of our common stock or preferred stock in “at-the-market” equity offering programs pursuant to equity distribution agreements, as well as through the sale of shares of our common stock pursuant to our Dividend Reinvestment Plan (“DRIP”), which provides for the issuance of up to $20.0 million of shares of our common stock. The Company had no securities offerings during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Preferred Stock and Common Stock Repurchase Programs

In March 2023, the Board of Directors approved a $100.0 million preferred stock repurchase program. The program, which expires March 31, 2025, allows the Company to make repurchases of shares of preferred stock, from time to time, in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means, in accordance with applicable securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its preferred stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, $97.6 million of the approved amount remained available for the repurchase of shares of preferred stock under the preferred stock repurchase program.

In February 2022, the Board of Directors approved a $200.0 million common stock repurchase program. In March 2023, the Board of Directors approved an upsize of the common stock repurchase program to $246.0 million. The program, which expires March 31, 2025, allows the Company to make repurchases of shares of common stock, from time to time, in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means, in accordance with applicable securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, $193.2 million of the approved amount remained available for the repurchase of shares of the Company's common stock under the common stock repurchase program.

Dividends

For information regarding the declaration and payment of dividends on our common stock and preferred stock for the periods covered by this report, please see Note 17 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.

Our Board of Directors will continue to evaluate our dividend policy each quarter and will make adjustments as necessary, based on our earnings and financial condition, capital requirements, maintenance of our REIT qualification, restrictions on making distributions under Maryland law and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant. Our dividend policy does not constitute an obligation to pay dividends.

We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the various requirements to maintain our REIT status and to minimize or avoid corporate income tax and the nondeductible excise tax. However, differences in timing between the recognition of REIT taxable income and the actual receipt of cash could require us to sell assets or to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the REIT distribution requirements and to minimize or avoid corporate income tax and the nondeductible excise tax.

In the event we fail to pay dividends on our preferred stock, the Company would become subject to certain limitations on its ability to pay dividends or redeem or repurchase its common stock or preferred stock.

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest

Pursuant to the operating agreement for one of our joint venture equity investments, third party investors in this joint venture have the ability to sell their ownership interests to us, at their election, once a year subject to annual minimum and maximum amount limitations, and we are obligated to purchase, subject to certain conditions, such interests for cash. See Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for further discussion of redeemable non-controlling interest.

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Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

This section should be read in conjunction with “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and in our subsequent periodic reports filed with the SEC.

We seek to manage risks that we believe will impact our business including interest rates, liquidity, prepayments, credit quality and market value. When managing these risks we consider the impact on our assets, liabilities and derivative positions. While we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we believe the risk can be quantified from historical experience. We seek to actively manage that risk, to generate risk-adjusted total returns that we believe compensate us appropriately for those risks and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we take.

The following analysis includes forward-looking statements that assume that certain market conditions occur. Actual results may differ materially from these projections due to changes in our portfolio assets and borrowings mix and due to developments in the domestic and global financial, mortgage and real estate markets. Developments in the financial markets include the likelihood of changing interest rates and the relationship of various interest rates and their impact on our portfolio yield, cost of funds and cash flows. The analytical methods that we use to assess and mitigate these market risks should not be considered projections of future events or operating performance.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rates are sensitive to many factors, including governmental, monetary or tax policies, domestic and international economic conditions, including inflation and deflation and political or regulatory matters beyond our control. Changes in interest rates affect, among other things, the value of the assets we manage and hold in our investment portfolio and the variable-rate borrowings and floating-rate preferred stock we use or issue to fund our operations and portfolio. Changes in interest rates also affect the interest rate swaps and caps, TBAs and other securities or instruments we may use to hedge our portfolio. As a result, our net interest income and adjusted net interest income are particularly affected by changes in interest rates.

For example, we hold residential loans and RMBS, some of which may have fixed rates or interest rates that adjust on various dates that are not synchronized to the adjustment dates on our repurchase agreements. In general, the re-pricing of our repurchase agreements occurs more quickly than the re-pricing of our variable-interest rate assets. Thus, it is likely that our floating rate financing, such as our repurchase agreements, may react to interest rates before our residential loans or RMBS because the weighted average next re-pricing dates on the related financing may have shorter time periods than that of the residential loans or RMBS. Moreover, changes in interest rates can directly impact prepayment speeds, thereby affecting our net return on residential loans and RMBS. During a declining interest rate environment, the prepayment of residential loans and RMBS may accelerate (as borrowers may opt to refinance at a lower interest rate) causing the amount of liabilities that have been extended by the use of repurchase agreements to increase relative to the amount of residential loans and RMBS, possibly resulting in a decline in our net return on residential loans and RMBS, as replacement residential loans and RMBS may have a lower yield than those being prepaid. Conversely, during an increasing interest rate environment, residential loans and RMBS may prepay more slowly than expected, requiring us to finance a higher amount of residential loans and RMBS than originally forecast and at a time when interest rates may be higher, resulting in a decline in our net return on residential loans and RMBS. Accordingly, each of these scenarios can negatively impact our net interest income and adjusted net interest income. In addition, when we purchase residential loans at a discount to par value, and borrowers then prepay at a slower rate than we expected, the decreased prepayments would result in a lower yield than expected on the asset and/or may result in a decline in the fair value of the residential loans.

We seek to manage interest rate risk in our portfolio by utilizing interest rate caps, interest rate swaps, swaptions, futures, options on futures and U.S. Treasury securities with the goal of optimizing the earnings potential while seeking to maintain long term stable portfolio values. Certain of our consolidated multi-family properties with variable-rate mortgages payable have entered into interest rate cap contracts as required by the respective mortgage loan agreements. The Company also has an interest rate cap contract related to a repurchase agreement for residential loans, as required by the counterparty.

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We utilize a model-based risk analysis system to assist in projecting interest rate-sensitive asset and liability portfolio performances over a scenario of different interest rates. Computation of the cash flows for interest rate-sensitive assets that may affect annualized adjusted net interest income are based on assumptions related to, among other things, prepayment speeds, slope of the yield curve, and composition and size of our portfolio. Assumptions for interest rate-sensitive liabilities relate to, among other things, anticipated interest rates, collateral requirements as a percentage of repurchase agreement financings and amounts and terms of borrowings. As these assumptions may not be realized, adjusted net interest income results may therefore be significantly different from the annualized adjusted net interest income produced in our analyses. We also note that the uncertainty associated with the estimate of a change in adjusted net interest income is directly related to the size of interest rate move considered.

Based on the results of the model, the instantaneous changes in interest rates specified below would have had the following effect on annualized adjusted net interest income based on our assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Changes in Interest Rates (basis points)	Changes in Adjusted Net Interest Income (1) (2)
+200	$	(50,950)
+100	$	(25,450)
-100	$	25,365
-200	$	50,669

(1)Represents a non-GAAP financial measure. See Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a reconciliation of the Company's non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP measure.

(2)Certain assumptions have been made in connection with the calculation of the information set forth in the table and, as such, there can be no assurance that assumed events will occur or that other events will not occur that would affect the outcomes. The base interest rate scenario assumes interest rates as of March 31, 2024. This analysis utilizes assumptions and estimates based on management's judgment and experience. Future purchases and sales of assets could materially change our interest rate risk profile.

While this table reflects the estimated impact of interest rate changes on the static portfolio, we actively manage our portfolio and continuously make adjustments to the size and composition of our asset and derivative hedge portfolios and interest-bearing liabilities. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimated in the table.

Interest rate changes may also impact our GAAP book value and adjusted book value as many of our assets and related hedge derivatives, if any, are marked-to-market each quarter. Generally, as interest rates increase, the value of our mortgage-related assets decreases, and conversely, as interest rates decrease, the value of such investments will increase. In general, we expect that, over time, decreases in the value of our portfolio attributable to interest rate changes may be offset, to the degree we are hedged, by increases in the value of our interest rate swaps or other financial instruments used for hedging purposes, and vice versa. However, the relationship between spreads on our assets and spreads on our hedging instruments may vary from time to time, resulting in a net aggregate GAAP book value and adjusted book value increase or decline. In addition, changes in interest rates could also have an impact on net operating income generated by our consolidated multi-family properties which consequently could have an impact on valuation of underlying real estate.

Our net interest income, adjusted net interest income and the fair value of our assets and our financing activities could be negatively affected by volatility in interest rates, as has been the case throughout much of 2022, 2023 and the first quarter of 2024. A prolonged period of extremely volatile and unstable market conditions would likely increase our funding costs and negatively affect market risk mitigation strategies. Higher income volatility from changes in interest rates could cause a loss of future net interest income and adjusted net interest income and a decrease in current fair market values of our assets. Fluctuations in interest rates will impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities and the market value of all or substantially all of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our net income, operating results, or financial condition.

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Liquidity Risk

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain investments, pay dividends to our stockholders and other general business needs. The primary liquidity risk we face arises from financing long-maturity assets with shorter-term financings. We recognize the need to have funds available to operate our business. We manage and forecast our liquidity needs and sources daily to ensure that we have adequate liquidity at all times. We plan to meet liquidity through normal operations with the goal of avoiding unplanned sales of assets or emergency borrowing of funds.

We are subject to “margin call” risk on a portion of our repurchase agreements and certain derivative instruments. In the event the value of our assets pledged as collateral or the value of our derivative instruments suddenly decrease, margin calls could increase, causing an adverse change in our liquidity position. Additionally, if one or more of our repurchase agreement counterparties chooses not to provide ongoing funding, we may be unable to replace the financing through other lenders on favorable terms or at all.

As previously disclosed, in March 2020, we observed unprecedented illiquidity in repurchase agreement financing and MBS markets which resulted in our receiving margin calls under our repurchase agreements that were well beyond historical norms. We took a number of decisive actions in response to these conditions, including the sale of assets and termination of our interest rate swaps. Since this time, we have placed a greater emphasis on procuring longer-termed and/or more committed financing arrangements for our credit investments, such as non-mark-to-market repurchase agreements, securitizations and other term financings, which may involve greater expense relative to repurchase agreement funding. We provide no assurance that we will be able in the future to access sources of capital that are attractive to us, that we will be able to roll over or replace our repurchase agreements or other financing instruments as they mature from time to time in the future or that we otherwise will not need to resort to unplanned sales of assets to provide liquidity in the future. See Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources" and the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information about our liquidity and capital resource management.

Prepayment Risk

When borrowers repay the principal on their residential loans before maturity or faster than their scheduled amortization, the effect is to shorten the period over which interest is earned, and therefore, reduce the yield for residential mortgage assets purchased at a premium to their then current balance. Conversely, residential mortgage assets purchased for less than their then current balance, such as many of our residential loans, may exhibit higher yields due to faster prepayments. Furthermore, actual prepayment speeds may differ from our modeled prepayment speed projections impacting the effectiveness of any hedges we may have in place to mitigate financing and/or fair value risk. Generally, when market interest rates decline, borrowers have a tendency to refinance their mortgages, thereby increasing prepayments. Therefore, increased prepayments on our investments may accelerate the redeployment of our capital to generally lower yielding investments. Similarly, decreased prepayments are generally associated with increasing market interest rates and may slow our ability to redeploy capital to generally higher-yielding investments.

Our modeled prepayments will help determine the amount of hedging we use to offset changes in interest rates. If actual prepayment rates are higher than modeled, the yield will be less than modeled in cases where we paid a premium for the particular residential mortgage asset. Conversely, when we have paid a premium, if actual prepayment rates experienced are slower than modeled, we would amortize the premium over a longer time period, resulting in a higher yield to maturity.

In an environment of increasing prepayment speeds, the timing difference between the actual cash receipt of principal paydowns and the announcement of the principal paydowns may result in additional margin requirements from our repurchase agreement counterparties.

We mitigate prepayment risk by constantly evaluating our residential mortgage assets relative to prepayment speeds observed for assets with similar structures, quantities and characteristics. Furthermore, we stress-test the portfolio as to prepayment speeds and interest rate risk in order to further develop or make modifications to our hedge balances. Historically, we have not hedged 100% of our liability costs due to prepayment risk.

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Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk that we will not fully collect the principal we have invested in our credit sensitive assets, including residential loans, non-Agency RMBS, preferred equity and mezzanine loan and joint venture equity investments, due to borrower defaults or defaults by our operating partners in their payment obligations to us. In selecting the credit sensitive assets in our portfolio, we seek to identify and invest in assets with characteristics that we believe offset or limit our exposure to defaults.

We seek to manage credit risk through our pre-acquisition or pre-funding due diligence process, and by factoring projected credit losses into the purchase price we pay or loan terms we negotiate for all of our credit sensitive assets. In general, we evaluate relative valuation, supply and demand trends, prepayment rates, delinquency and default rates, vintage of collateral and macroeconomic factors as part of this process. Nevertheless, these procedures provide no assurance that we will not experience unanticipated credit losses which would materially affect our operating results. We also manage credit risk with credit default swaps on corporate bond indices (CDX) for which the Company buys credit protection and pays periodic payments at fixed rates to credit protection sellers, in return for compensation for default (or similar credit event) by a reference index.

Current inflationary pressures have caused, and a possible economic recession or stagnation in the U.S. in the near future may cause, an increase in the credit risk of our credit sensitive assets. We would expect delinquencies, defaults and requests for forbearance arrangements to rise should savings, incomes and revenues of renters, borrowers, operating partners and other businesses become increasingly constrained from a slow-down in economic activity. Any future period of payment deferrals, forbearance, delinquencies, defaults, foreclosures or losses will likely adversely affect our net interest income and adjusted net interest income from multi-family loans, residential loans, and our RMBS investments and rental income and reduce the distributions we receive from our joint venture equity investments in multi-family apartment communities, the fair value of these assets, our ability to liquidate the collateral that may underlie these investments or obtain additional financing and the future profitability of our investments. Further, in the event of delinquencies, defaults and foreclosure, regulatory changes and policies designed to protect borrowers and renters may slow or prevent us from taking remediation actions.

We purchase certain residential loans at a discount to par, reflecting a perceived higher risk of default. In connection with our loan acquisitions, we or a third-party due diligence firm perform an independent review of the mortgage file to assess the state of mortgage loan files, the servicing of the mortgage loan, compliance with existing guidelines, as well as our ability to enforce the contractual rights in the mortgage. We also obtain certain representations and warranties from each seller with respect to the mortgage loans, as well as the enforceability of the lien on the mortgaged property. A seller who breaches these representations and warranties may be obligated to repurchase the loan from us. In addition, as part of our process, we focus on selecting a servicer with the appropriate expertise to mitigate losses and maximize our overall return on these residential loans. This involves, among other things, performing due diligence on the servicer prior to their engagement, assigning the appropriate servicer on each loan based on certain characteristics and monitoring each servicer's performance on an ongoing basis.

Investments in non-Agency RMBS, CMBS and ABS also contain credit risk. These investments typically consist of either the senior, mezzanine or subordinate tranches in securitizations. The underlying collateral of these securitizations may be exposed to various macroeconomic and asset-specific credit risks. These securities have varying levels of credit enhancement which provide some structural protection from losses within the securitization. We undertake an in-depth assessment of the underlying collateral and securitization structure when investing in these assets, which may include modeling defaults, prepayments and loss across different scenarios. In addition, we are exposed to credit risk in our Mezzanine Lending and equity investments in owners of multi-family properties, including joint venture equity investments in multi-family apartment communities. The performance and value of these investments depend upon the applicable operating partner’s or borrower’s ability to effectively operate the multi-family properties, that serve as the underlying collateral, to produce cash flows adequate to pay distributions, interest or principal due to us. The Company monitors the performance and credit quality of the underlying assets in which it invests or that serve as collateral for its investments. In connection with these types of investments by us in multi-family properties, the procedures for ongoing monitoring include financial statement analysis and regularly scheduled site inspections of portfolio properties to assess property physical condition, performance of on-site staff and competitive activity in the sub-market. We also formulate annual budgets and performance goals alongside our operating partners for use in measuring the ongoing investment performance and credit quality of our investments. Additionally, the Company's preferred equity and equity investments typically provide us with various rights and remedies to protect our investment.

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Fair Value Risk

Changes in interest rates, market liquidity, credit quality and other factors also expose us to market value (fair value) fluctuation on our assets, liabilities and hedges. For certain of our credit sensitive assets, fair values may only be derived or estimated for these investments using various valuation techniques, such as computing the present value of estimated future cash flows using discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. However, the determination of estimated future cash flows is inherently subjective and imprecise and extremely volatile periods or disruptions in the market, such as during the severe market disruption that occurred in 2020 or the current volatile market environment, make such estimates and assumptions inherently less certain. As a result, we believe our market value (fair value) risk has significantly increased. Minor changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies can have a material effect on these derived or estimated fair values. 

Our fair value estimates and assumptions are indicative of the interest rate and business environments as of March 31, 2024 and do not take into consideration the effects of subsequent changes. The following describes the methods and assumptions we use in estimating fair values of our financial instruments:

Fair value estimates are made as of a specific point in time based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. These techniques involve uncertainties and are significantly affected by the assumptions used and the judgments made regarding risk characteristics of various financial instruments, discount rates, estimate of future cash flows, future expected loss experience and other factors.

Changes in assumptions could significantly affect these estimates and the resulting fair values. Derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in an immediate sale of the instrument. Also, because of differences in methodologies and assumptions used to estimate fair values, the fair values used by us should not be compared to those of other companies.

The table below presents the sensitivity of the fair value of our portfolio as of March 31, 2024, using a discounted cash flow simulation model assuming an instantaneous interest rate shift. Application of this method results in an estimation of the fair market value change of our assets, liabilities and hedging instruments per 100 basis point shift in interest rates.

This analysis also takes into consideration the value of options embedded in certain of our assets including constraints on the re-pricing of the interest rate of assets resulting from periodic and lifetime cap features, as well as prepayment options. Assets and liabilities that are not interest rate-sensitive such as cash, payment receivables, prepaid expenses, payables and accrued expenses are excluded.

Changes in assumptions including, but not limited to, volatility, mortgage and financing spreads, prepayment behavior, credit conditions, defaults, as well as the timing and level of interest rate changes will affect the results of the model. Therefore, actual results are likely to vary from modeled results.

Fair Value Changes
Changes in Interest Rates	Changes in Fair Value (1)	Percentage Change in Portfolio Fair Value (1)
(basis points)	(dollar amounts in thousands)
+200	$(130,566)	(2.91)%
+100	$(71,584)	(1.59)%
Base		—
-100	$85,828	1.91%
-200	$120,941	2.69%

(1)Includes residential loans, Mezzanine Lending investments, investment securities, derivatives and residential loan securitizations at fair value.

Although the use of a model to perform market value sensitivity analysis is widely accepted as a tool in identifying potential risk in a changing interest rate environment, it should be noted that the model does not take into consideration changes that may occur such as, but not limited to, changes in portfolio composition, financing strategies, market spreads, business volumes or overall market liquidity. Accordingly, we make extensive use of an earnings simulation model to further analyze our level of interest rate risk.

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Capital Market Risk

We are exposed to risks related to the equity capital markets, and our related ability to raise capital through the issuance of our common stock, preferred stock or other equity instruments. We are also exposed to risks related to the debt capital markets, and our related ability to finance our business through credit facilities or other debt instruments. As a REIT, we are required to distribute a significant portion of our taxable income annually, which constrains our ability to accumulate operating cash flow and therefore may require us to utilize debt or equity capital to finance our business. We seek to mitigate these risks by monitoring the debt and equity capital markets to inform our decisions on the amount, timing, and terms of capital we raise. Based on the currently uncertain market environment, we expect the capital markets to remain volatile and uncertain at varying levels for the near future and this may adversely affect our ability to access capital to fund our operations, meet our obligations and make distributions to our stockholders.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2024. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under Part I., Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Common Stock

In February 2022, the Board of Directors approved a $200.0 million common stock repurchase program. In March 2023, the Board of Directors approved an upsize of the common stock repurchase program to $246.0 million. The program, which expires March 31, 2025, allows the Company to make repurchases of shares of common stock, from time to time, in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means, in accordance with applicable securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. Subject to applicable securities laws, repurchases of the Company's common stock under the common stock repurchase program may be made at times and in amounts as we deem appropriate, using available cash resources. The timing and extent to which we repurchase our common stock will depend upon, among other things, market conditions, the share price of the Company's common stock, liquidity, regulatory requirements and other factors, and common stock repurchases may be commenced or suspended at any time without prior notice. Shares of the Company's common stock repurchased by us under the common stock repurchase program are cancelled and, until reissued by us, are deemed to be authorized but unissued shares of the Company's common stock.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock pursuant to the common stock repurchase program. As of March 31, 2024, $193.2 million of the approved amount remained available for the repurchase of shares of the Company's common stock under the common stock repurchase program.

Preferred Stock

In March 2023, the Board of Directors approved a $100.0 million preferred stock repurchase program. The program, which expires March 31, 2025, allows the Company to make repurchases of shares of preferred stock, from time to time, in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means, in accordance with applicable securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its preferred stock pursuant to the preferred stock repurchase program. As of March 31, 2024, $97.6 million of the approved amount remained available for the repurchase of shares of preferred stock under the preferred stock repurchase program.

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Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit	Description
3.1	Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company, as amended (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2023).
3.2	Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 22, 2022).
3.3	Articles Supplementary designating the Company’s 7.75% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 31, 2013).
3.4	Articles Supplementary classifying and designating 2,550,000 additional shares of the Series B Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 20, 2015).
3.5	Articles Supplementary classifying and designating the Company's 7.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 21, 2015).
3.6	Articles Supplementary classifying and designating the Company's 8.00% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series D Preferred Stock”) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 10, 2017).
3.7	Articles Supplementary classifying and designating 2,460,000 additional shares of the Series C Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 29, 2019).
3.8	Articles Supplementary classifying and designating 2,650,000 additional shares of the Series D Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 29, 2019).
3.9	Articles Supplementary classifying and designating the Company's 7.875% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series E Preferred Stock”) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.9 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 15, 2019).
3.10	Articles Supplementary classifying and designating 3,000,000 additional shares of the Series E Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 27, 2019).
3.11	Articles Supplementary classifying and designating the Company’s 6.875% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series F Preferred Stock”) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.9 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 6, 2021).
3.12	Articles Supplementary reclassifying and designating 6,600,000 authorized but unissued shares of the Series C Preferred Stock as additional shares of undesignated preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 5, 2021).
3.13	Articles Supplementary classifying and designating 2,000,000 additional shares of the Series F Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 2021).

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3.14	Articles Supplementary classifying and designating the Company’s 7.000% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series G Preferred Stock”) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 23, 2021).
3.15	Articles Supplementary reclassifying and designating 6,000,000 authorized but unissued shares of the Series B Preferred Stock as additional shares of undesignated preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 23, 2021).
3.16	Articles Supplementary classifying and designating 2,000,000 additional shares of the Series G Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2022).
4.1	Form of Common Stock Certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-111668) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 18, 2004).
4.2	Form of Certificate representing the Series D Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 10, 2017).
4.3	Form of Certificate representing the Series E Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 15, 2019).
4.4	Form of Certificate representing the Series F Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 6, 2021).
4.5	Form of Certificate representing the Series G Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.11 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 23, 2021).
4.6	Indenture, dated January 23, 2017, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 23, 2017).
4.7	Indenture, dated as of April 27, 2021, between the Company and UMB Bank National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 27, 2021).
4.8	Form of 5.75% Senior Notes due 2026 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 27, 2021).
	Certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of the Company and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby undertakes to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, copies of any such instruments.
10.1*†	Form of 2024 Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement.
10.2*†	Form of 2024 Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.
10.3*†	The Company's 2024 Annual Incentive Plan.

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31.1*	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS***	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH***	Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL***	Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL***	Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB***	Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE***	Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	The cover page for the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

†Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

*Filed herewith.

**    Furnished herewith. Such certification shall not be deemed “filed” for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

***    Submitted electronically herewith. Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023; (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023; and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC.
Date:	May 3, 2024	By:	/s/ Jason T. Serrano
			Jason T. Serrano
			Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	May 3, 2024	By:	/s/ Kristine R. Nario-Eng
			Kristine R. Nario-Eng
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

135

EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC.
2017 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

PERFORMANCE SHARE UNIT GRANT NOTICE

Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the New York Mortgage Trust, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”), New York Mortgage Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby grants to the individual listed below (“you” or the “Participant”) the number of performance share units (the “PSUs”) set forth below. This award of PSUs (this “Award”) is subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the Performance Share Unit Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Agreement”) and the Plan, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan.

Participant:	[●]
Date of Grant:	[●], 2024
Award Type and Description:	Performance Award granted pursuant to Article X of the Plan. This Award represents the right to receive shares of Common Stock in an amount up to 200% of the Target PSUs (defined below), subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the Agreement.
	Your right to receive settlement of this Award in an amount ranging from 0% to 200% of the Target PSUs shall vest and become earned and nonforfeitable upon (i) your satisfaction of the continued employment or service requirements described below under “Service Requirement” and (ii) the Committee’s certification of the level of achievement of the Performance Goal (defined below). The portion of the Target PSUs actually earned upon satisfaction of the foregoing requirements is referred to herein as the “Earned PSUs."
Target Number of PSUs:	[●] (the “Target PSUs”).
Performance Period:	January 1, 2024 (the “Performance Period Commencement Date”) through December 31, 2026 (the “Performance Period End Date”). The period described in the preceding sentence is referred to herein as the “Performance Period.”
Service Requirement:	Except as expressly provided in Sections 3 and 4 of the Agreement, you must remain continuously employed by, or continuously provide services to, the Company or an Affiliate, as applicable, from the Date of Grant through the Performance Period End Date to be eligible to receive payment of this Award, which is based on the level of achievement with respect to the Performance Goal (as defined below).

Performance Goal:	Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Plan, the Agreement and herein, the number of Target PSUs, if any, that become Earned PSUs during the Performance Period will be determined in accordance with the following table:
	Level of Achievement	Percentage of Target PSUs Earned*
	< Threshold	0%
	Threshold	50%
	Target	100%
	Maximum	200%
	*    The percentage of Target PSUs that become Earned PSUs for performance between the threshold, target, and maximum achievement levels shall be calculated using linear interpolation.
	The “Performance Goal” for the Performance Period is based on the Company’s achievement with respect to relative total shareholder return, as described in Exhibit B attached hereto.    Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the Company’s absolute total shareholder return is negative for the Performance Period, the number of Target PSUs that become Earned PSUs shall not exceed 100% of the Target PSUs regardless of the Company’s achievement with respect to relative total shareholder return.
Settlement:	Settlement of the Earned PSUs shall be made solely in shares of Common Stock, which shall be delivered to you in accordance with Section 6 of the Agreement.

By your signature below, you agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Plan, the Agreement and this Performance Share Unit Grant Notice (this “Grant Notice”). You acknowledge that you have reviewed the Agreement, the Plan and this Grant Notice in their entirety and fully understand all provisions of the Agreement, the Plan and this Grant Notice. You hereby agree to accept as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Committee regarding any questions or determinations that arise under the Agreement, the Plan or this Grant Notice. This Grant Notice may be executed in one or more counterparts (including portable document format (.pdf) and facsimile counterparts), each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

[Signature Page Follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Grant Notice to be executed by an officer thereunto duly authorized, and the Participant has executed this Grant Notice, effective for all purposes as provided above.
	New York Mortgage Trust, Inc.
	By:
	Name:
	Title:
	PARTICIPANT
	Name:
		[●]

EXHIBIT A

PERFORMANCE SHARE UNIT AGREEMENT

This Performance Share Unit Agreement (together with the Grant Notice to which this Agreement is attached, this “Agreement”) is made as of the Date of Grant set forth in the Grant Notice to which this Agreement is attached by and between New York Mortgage Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and [●] (the “Participant”). Capitalized terms used but not specifically defined herein shall have the meanings specified in the Plan or the Grant Notice.

1.    Award. In consideration of the Participant’s past and/or continued employment with, or service to, the Company or its Affiliates and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, effective as of the Date of Grant set forth in the Grant Notice (the “Date of Grant”), the Company hereby grants to the Participant the target number of PSUs set forth in the Grant Notice (the “Target PSUs”) on the terms and conditions set forth in the Grant Notice, this Agreement and the Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference as a part of this Agreement. In the event of any inconsistency between the Plan and this Agreement, the terms of the Plan shall control. To the extent vested, each PSU represents the right to receive one share of Common Stock, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Grant Notice, this Agreement and the Plan; provided, however, that, depending on the level of performance determined to be attained with respect to the Performance Goal, the number of shares of Common Stock that may be earned hereunder in respect of this Award may range from 0% to 200% of the Target PSUs. Unless and until the PSUs have become vested in the manner set forth in the Grant Notice, the Participant will have no right to receive any Common Stock or other payments in respect of the PSUs. Prior to settlement of this Award, the PSUs and this Award represent an unsecured obligation of the Company, payable only from the general assets of the Company.

2.    Vesting of PSUs. Except as otherwise set forth in Sections 3, 4 and 5, the PSUs shall vest and become Earned PSUs in accordance with the Participant’s satisfaction of the vesting schedule set forth in the Grant Notice (the “Service Requirement”) based on the extent to which the Company has satisfied the Performance Goal set forth in the Grant Notice, which shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion following the end of the Performance Period (and any PSUs that do not become Earned PSUs shall be automatically forfeited). Except as otherwise set forth herein, unless and until the PSUs have vested and become Earned PSUs as described in the preceding sentence, the Participant will have no right to receive any dividends or other distribution with respect to the PSUs.

3.    Effect of Termination of Employment. Except as otherwise set forth in Sections 4 and 5 or as provided otherwise in any employment agreement between the Participant and the Company or an Affiliate, if the Participant has not satisfied the Service Requirement, then upon the termination of the Participant’s employment with the Company or an Affiliate for any reason, any unearned PSUs (and all rights arising from such PSUs and from being a holder thereof), unless otherwise determined by the Committee, will terminate automatically without any further action by the Company and will be forfeited without further notice and at no cost to the Company.

4.    Change in Control. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, if a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan) of the Company occurs prior to the Performance Period End Date, the Performance Period shall end and the Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion, the number of PSUs that are eligible to become Earned PSUs based on the extent to which the Company has satisfied the Performance Goal set forth in the Grant Notice as measured through the Control Change Date, which shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion (the “Eligible COC PSUs”). The Eligible COC PSUs shall vest and become Earned PSUs in accordance with the Participant’s satisfaction of the Service Requirement, which shall then be eligible for settlement in accordance with Section 6. If the Participant’s employment with the Company is terminated within 24 months of such Change in Control by the Company without Cause or by the Participant for Good Reason and prior to the Participant’s satisfaction of the Service Requirement, the Participant shall be deemed to have satisfied the Service Requirement with respect to Eligible COC PSUs, which shall become Earned PSUs that are eligible for settlement in accordance with Section 6. Any Eligible COC PSUs that do not become Earned PSUs shall be automatically forfeited.

For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Cause” shall mean “cause” (or a term of like import) as defined under the Participant’s employment, consulting and/or severance agreement with the Company or, in the absence of such an agreement or definition, shall mean a determination by the Company in its sole discretion that the Participant has: (a) engaged in gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of the Participant’s duties with respect to the Company or an Affiliate, (b) materially breached any material provision of any written agreement between the Participant and the Company or an Affiliate or corporate policy or code of conduct established by the Company or an Affiliate and applicable to the Participant; (c) willfully engaged in conduct that is materially injurious to the Company or an Affiliate; or (d) been convicted of, pleaded no contest to or received adjudicated probation or deferred adjudication in connection with, a felony involving fraud, dishonestly or moral turpitude (or a crime of similar import in a foreign jurisdiction).

For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Good Reason” shall mean “good reason” (or a term of like import) as defined under the Participant’s employment, consulting and/or severance agreement with the Company or, in the absence of such an agreement or definition, shall mean (a) a material diminution in the Participant’s base salary or (b) the relocation of the geographic location of the Participant’s principal place of employment by more than 50 miles from the location of the Participant’s principal place of employment as of the Date of Grant; provided that, in the case of the Participant’s assertion of Good Reason, (i) the condition described in the foregoing clauses must have arisen without the Participant’s consent; (ii) the Participant must provide written notice to the Company of such condition in accordance with this Agreement within 45 days of the initial existence of the condition; (iii) the condition specified in such notice must remain uncorrected for 30 days after receipt of such notice by the Company; and (iv) the date of termination of the Participant’s employment or other service relationship with the Company or an Affiliate must occur within 90 days after such notice is received by the Company.

5.    Retirement. If the Participant’s employment with the Company is terminated due to the Participant’s Retirement (as defined below) prior to the Performance Period End Date, the Target PSUs shall be reduced on a pro-rata basis to reflect (x) the number of days in which the Participant was employed from the Date of Grant through the date of the Participant’s Retirement, divided by (y) the number of days in the Performance Period, and such prorated number of Target PSUs shall remain outstanding and eligible to vest and become Earned PSUs on the extent to which the Company has satisfied the Performance Goal set forth in the Grant Notice, which shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion following the end of the Performance Period (and any PSUs that do not become Earned PSUs shall be automatically forfeited), and the Participant shall be deemed to have satisfied the Service Requirement with respect to such Earned PSUs.

For purposes of this Agreement, “Retirement” shall mean “retirement” (or a term of like import) as defined under the Participant’s employment, consulting and/or severance agreement with the Company or, in the absence of such an agreement or definition, shall mean the termination of the Participant’s employment with the Company due to the Participant’s voluntary resignation that meets the following conditions: (a) such voluntary resignation occurs on or after the completion of 10 or more full years of service with the Company (which need not be continuous) and (b) the sum of the Participant’s age and years of service with the Company equals or exceeds 70 (in each case, measured in years and rounded down to the nearest whole number).

6.    Settlement of PSUs. As soon as administratively practicable following the later to occur of (a) the Committee’s certification of the level of attainment of the Performance Goal or (b) the date that the Participant satisfies the Service Requirement with respect to any Earned PSUs, but in no event later than 60 days following such later date, the Company shall deliver to the Participant (or the Participant’s permitted transferee, if applicable), a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of Earned PSUs; provided, however, that any fractional PSU that becomes earned hereunder shall be rounded down at the time shares of Common Stock are issued in settlement of such PSU. No fractional shares of Common Stock, nor the cash value of any fractional shares of Common Stock, shall be issuable or payable to the Participant pursuant to this Agreement. All shares of Common Stock, if any, issued hereunder shall be delivered either by delivering one or more certificates for such shares to the Participant or by entering such shares in book-entry form, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. The value of shares of Common Stock shall not bear any interest owing to the passage of time. Neither this Section 6 nor any action taken pursuant to or in accordance with this Agreement shall be construed to create a trust or a funded or secured obligation of any kind.

7.    Tax Withholding. To the extent that the receipt, vesting or settlement of this Award results in compensation income or wages to the Participant for federal, state, local and/or foreign tax purposes, the Participant shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Company for the satisfaction of obligations for the payment of withholding taxes and other tax obligations relating to this Award, which arrangements include the delivery of cash or cash equivalents, Common Stock (including previously owned Common Stock, net settlement, a broker-assisted sale, or other cashless withholding or reduction of the amount of shares otherwise issuable or delivered pursuant to this Award), other property, or any other legal consideration the Committee deems appropriate. If such tax obligations are satisfied through net settlement or the surrender of previously owned Common Stock, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be so withheld (or surrendered) shall be the number of shares of Common Stock that have an aggregate Fair Market Value on the date of withholding or surrender equal to the aggregate amount of such tax liabilities determined based on the greatest withholding rates for federal, state, local and/or foreign tax purposes, including payroll taxes, that may be utilized without creating adverse accounting treatment for the Company with respect to this Award, as determined by the Committee. The Participant acknowledges that there may be adverse tax consequences upon the receipt, vesting or settlement of this Award or disposition of the underlying shares and that the Participant has been advised, and hereby is advised, to consult a tax advisor. The Participant represents that the Participant is in no manner relying on the Board, the Committee, the Company or an Affiliate or any of their respective managers, directors, officers, employees or authorized representatives (including, without limitation, attorneys, accountants, consultants, bankers, lenders, prospective lenders and financial representatives) for tax advice or an assessment of such tax consequences.

8.    Non-Transferability. During the lifetime of the Participant, the PSUs may not be sold, pledged, assigned or transferred in any manner other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, unless and until the shares of Common Stock underlying the PSUs have been issued, and all restrictions applicable to such shares have lapsed. Neither the PSUs nor any interest or right therein shall be liable for the debts, contracts or engagements of the Participant or his or her successors in interest or shall be subject to disposition by transfer, alienation, anticipation, pledge, encumbrance, assignment or any other means, whether such disposition be voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law by judgment, levy, attachment, garnishment or any other legal or equitable proceedings (including bankruptcy), and any attempted disposition thereof shall be null and void and of no effect, except to the extent that such disposition is permitted by the preceding sentence.

9.    Compliance with Applicable Law. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the issuance of shares of Common Stock hereunder will be subject to compliance with all applicable requirements of applicable law with respect to such securities and with the requirements of any stock exchange or market system upon which the Common Stock may then be listed. No shares of Common Stock will be issued hereunder if such issuance would constitute a violation of any applicable law or regulation or the requirements of any stock exchange or market system upon which the Common Stock may then be listed. In addition, shares of Common Stock will not be issued hereunder unless (a) a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, is in effect at the time of such issuance with respect to the shares to be issued or (b) in the opinion of legal counsel to the Company, the shares to be issued are permitted to be issued in accordance with the terms of an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time. The inability of the Company to obtain from any regulatory body having jurisdiction the authority, if any, deemed by the Company’s legal counsel to be necessary for the lawful issuance and sale of any shares of Common Stock hereunder will relieve the Company of any liability in respect of the failure to issue such shares as to which such requisite authority has not been obtained. As a condition to any issuance of Common Stock hereunder, the Company may require the Participant to satisfy any requirements that may be necessary or appropriate to evidence compliance with any applicable law or regulation and to make any representation or warranty with respect to such compliance as may be requested by the Company.

10.    Legends. If a stock certificate is issued with respect to shares of Common Stock issued hereunder, such certificate shall bear such legend or legends as the Committee deems appropriate in order to reflect the restrictions set forth in this Agreement and to ensure compliance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement, the rules, regulations and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any applicable laws or the requirements of any stock exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed. If the shares of Common Stock issued hereunder are held in book-entry form, then such entry will reflect that the shares are subject to the restrictions set forth in this Agreement.

11.    Rights as a Shareholder. The Participant shall have no rights as a shareholder of the Company with respect to any shares of Common Stock that may become deliverable hereunder unless and until the Participant has become the holder of record of such shares of Common Stock, and no adjustments shall be made for dividends in cash or other property, distributions or other rights in respect of any such shares of Common Stock, except as otherwise specifically provided for in the Plan or this Agreement.

12.    Dividend Equivalents. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, each PSU subject to this Award is hereby granted in tandem with a corresponding dividend equivalent (“DER”), which DER shall remain outstanding from the Date of Grant until the earlier of the settlement or forfeiture of the PSU to which the DER corresponds. Each vested DER entitles the Participant to receive payments, subject to and in accordance with this Agreement, in an amount equal to any dividends paid by the Company in respect of the share of Common Stock underlying the PSU to which such DER relates. The Company shall establish, with respect to each PSU, a separate DER bookkeeping account for such PSU (a “DER Account”), which shall be credited (without interest) on the applicable dividend payment dates with an amount equal to any dividends paid during the period that such PSU remains outstanding with respect to the share of Common Stock underlying the PSU to which such DER relates. Upon the date that the PSU becomes an Earned PSU, the DER (and the DER Account) with respect to such Earned PSU shall become vested. Similarly, upon the forfeiture of a PSU, the DER (and the DER Account) with respect to such forfeited PSU shall also be forfeited. DERs shall not entitle the Participant to any payments relating to dividends paid after the earlier to occur of the date that the applicable Earned PSU is settled in accordance with Section 6 or the forfeiture of the PSU underlying such DER. Payments with respect to vested DERs shall be made as soon as practicable, and within 60 days, after the date that such DER vests. The Participant shall not be entitled to receive any interest with respect to the payment of DERs.

13.    Execution of Receipts and Releases. Any issuance or transfer of shares of Common Stock or other property to the Participant or the Participant’s legal representative, heir, legatee or distributee, in accordance with this Agreement shall be in full satisfaction of all claims of such person hereunder. As a condition precedent to such payment or issuance, the Company may require the Participant or the Participant’s legal representative, heir, legatee or distributee to execute (and not revoke within any time provided to do so) a release and receipt therefor in such form as it shall determine appropriate; provided, however, that any review period under such release will not modify the date of settlement with respect to Earned PSUs.

14.    No Right to Continued Employment, Service or Awards. Nothing in the adoption of the Plan, nor the award of the PSUs thereunder pursuant to the Grant Notice and this Agreement, shall confer upon the Participant the right to continued employment by, or a continued service relationship with, the Company or any Affiliate, or any other entity, or affect in any way the right of the Company or any such Affiliate, or any other entity to terminate such employment or other service relationship at any time. The grant of the PSUs is a one-time benefit and does not create any contractual or other right to receive a grant of Awards or benefits in lieu of Awards in the future. Any future Awards will be granted at the sole discretion of the Company.

15.    Notices. All notices and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be delivered to the parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified by like notice):

If to the Company, unless otherwise designated by the Company in a written notice to the Participant (or other holder):

New York Mortgage Trust, Inc.
Attn: Compensation Committee
90 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10016

If to the Participant, at the Participant’s last known address on file with the Company.

Any notice that is delivered personally or by overnight courier or telecopier in the manner provided herein shall be deemed to have been duly given to the Participant when it is mailed by the Company or, if such notice is not mailed to the Participant, upon receipt by the Participant. Any notice that is addressed and mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been given to the party to whom it is addressed at the close of business, local time of the recipient, on the fourth day after the day it is so placed in the mail.

16.    Consent to Electronic Delivery; Electronic Signature. In lieu of receiving documents in paper format, the Participant agrees, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to accept electronic delivery of any documents that the Company may be required to deliver (including, but not limited to, prospectuses, prospectus supplements, grant or award notifications and agreements, account statements, annual and quarterly reports and all other forms of communications) in connection with this and any other Award made or offered by the Company. Electronic delivery may be via a Company electronic mail system or by reference to a location on a Company intranet to which the Participant has access. The Participant hereby consents to any and all procedures the Company has established or may establish for an electronic signature system for delivery and acceptance of any such documents that the Company may be required to deliver, and agrees that his or her electronic signature is the same as, and shall have the same force and effect as, his or her manual signature.

17.    Agreement to Furnish Information. The Participant agrees to furnish to the Company all information requested by the Company to enable it to comply with any reporting or other requirement imposed upon the Company by or under any applicable statute or regulation.

18.    Entire Agreement; Amendment. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with regard to the subject matter hereof, and contains all the covenants, promises, representations, warranties and agreements between the parties with respect to the PSUs granted hereby; provided¸ however, that unless otherwise stated herein, the terms of this Agreement shall not modify and shall be subject to the terms and conditions of any employment, consulting and/or severance agreement between the Company (or an Affiliate or other entity) and the Participant in effect as of the date a determination is to be made under this Agreement. Without limiting the scope of the preceding sentence, except as provided therein, all prior understandings and agreements, if any, among the parties hereto relating to the subject matter hereof are hereby null and void and of no further force and effect. The Committee may, in its sole discretion, amend this Agreement from time to time in any manner that is not inconsistent with the Plan; provided, however, that except as otherwise provided in the Plan or this Agreement, any such amendment that materially reduces the rights of the Participant shall be effective only if it is in writing and signed by both the Participant and an authorized officer of the Company.

19.    Severability and Waiver. If a court of competent jurisdiction determines that any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable, then the invalidity or unenforceability of such provision shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement, and all other provisions shall remain in full force and effect. Waiver by any party of any breach of this Agreement or failure to exercise any right hereunder shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any other breach or right. The failure of any party to take action by reason of such breach or to exercise any such right shall not deprive the party of the right to take action at any time while or after such breach or condition giving rise to such rights continues.

20.    Clawback. Notwithstanding any provision in the Grant Notice, this Agreement or the Plan to the contrary, to the extent required by (a) applicable law, including, without limitation, the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, any Securities and Exchange Commission rule or any applicable securities exchange listing standards and/or (b) any policy that may be adopted or amended by the Board from time to time, including but not limited to the New York Mortgage Trust, Inc. Clawback Policy, all shares of Common Stock issued hereunder shall be subject to forfeiture, repurchase, recoupment and/or cancellation to the extent necessary to comply with such law(s) and/or policy.

21.    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of MARYLAND applicable to contracts made and to be performed therein, exclusive of the conflict of laws provisions of MARYLAND LAW.

22.    Successors and Assigns. The Company may assign any of its rights under this Agreement without the Participant’s consent. This Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company. Subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth herein and in the Plan, this Agreement will be binding upon the Participant and the Participant’s beneficiaries, executors, administrators and the person(s) to whom the PSUs may be transferred by will or the laws of descent or distribution.

23.    Headings. Headings are for convenience only and are not deemed to be part of this Agreement.

24.    Counterparts. The Grant Notice may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which together shall constitute one instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of the Grant Notice by facsimile or portable document format (.pdf) attachment to electronic mail shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of the Grant Notice.

25.    Section 409A. Notwithstanding anything herein or in the Plan to the contrary, the PSUs granted pursuant to this Agreement are intended to comply with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code, as amended from time to time, and the guidance and regulations promulgated thereunder and successor provisions, guidance and regulations thereto (the “Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules”) and shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with such intent. If the Participant is deemed to be a “specified employee” within the meaning of the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules, as determined by the Committee, at a time when the Participant becomes eligible for settlement of the PSUs upon his “separation from service” within the meaning of the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules, then to the extent necessary to prevent any accelerated or additional tax under the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules, such settlement will be delayed until the earlier of: (a) the date that is six months following the Participant’s separation from service and (b) the Participant’s death. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company and its Affiliates make no representations that the PSUs provided under this Agreement are compliant with the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules and in no event shall the Company or any Affiliate be liable for all or any portion of any taxes, penalties, interest or other expenses that may be incurred by the Participant on account of non-compliance with the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules.

EXHIBIT B

PERFORMANCE GOAL FOR PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS

The performance goal for the PSUs shall be based on the relative total shareholder return (“TSR”) percentile ranking of the Company as compared to the Company’s Peer Group (as defined below) during the Performance Period. Subject to the satisfaction of the Service Requirement, you will earn and become vested in an applicable number of PSUs, the Earned PSUs, that corresponds to the ranking that the Company achieves as set forth below. The Committee, in its sole discretion, will review, analyze and certify the achievement of the Company’s relative TSR percentile ranking for the Performance Period as compared to the Company’s Peer Group and will determine the number of Earned PSUs in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Grant Notice and the Plan.

Company Performance Ranking and Payout Schedule

Level	Relative TSR Performance (Percentile Rank vs. Peers)	Earned PSUs (% of Target)*^
< Threshold	< 25th Percentile	0%
Threshold	25th Percentile	50%
Target	55th Percentile	100%
≥ Maximum	≥ 75th Percentile	200%

*    The percentage of Target PSUs that become Earned PSUs for performance between the threshold, target, and maximum achievement levels shall be calculated using linear interpolation.

^    Notwithstanding anything contained in the Agreement (including this Exhibit B) to the contrary, in the event that the Company’s absolute TSR for the Performance Period is negative, then the total number of Target PSUs that become Earned PSUs shall not exceed 100% of the Target PSUs regardless of the Company’s relative TSR percentile ranking for the Performance Period.

Company Peer Group

The following companies will be deemed to be the Company’s “Peer Group” for purposes of this Agreement:

Ticker Symbol	Name
MITT	AG Mortgage Investment Trust
AGNC	AGNC Investment Corp
NLY	Annaly Capital Management
ARR	ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.
CHMI	Cherry Hill Mortgage Investment Corporation
CIM	Chimera Investment Corporation
DX	Dynex Capital, Inc.
EFC	Ellington Financial Inc.
AJX	Great Ajax
IVR	Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
MFA	MFA Financial, Inc.
RITM	Rithm Capital Corp.
ORC	Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
PMT	PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust
RWT	Redwood Trust, Inc.
RC	Ready Capital Corp.
TWO	Two Harbors Investment Corp.

If a company ceases to exist, ceases to be publicly traded or is delisted from a national securities exchange at any time during the Performance Period, it shall be removed from the Peer Group, and the definition of “Peer Group” shall be adjusted to omit such company.

Determination of Relative TSR Rank

The TSR for the Company and each member of the Peer Group shall be determined by dividing (i) the sum of the cumulative amount of such entity’s dividends per share for the Performance Period and the arithmetic average per share volume weighted average price (the “VWAP”) of such entity’s common stock for the 30 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the Performance Period End Date minus the arithmetic average per share VWAP of such entity’s common stock for the last 30 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the Date of Grant by (ii) the arithmetic average per share VWAP of such entity’s common stock for the last 30 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the Date of Grant. To determine the Company’s applicable percentile ranking for the Performance Period, TSR will be calculated for the Company and each entity in the Peer Group as of the Performance Period End Date. The entities will be arranged by their respective TSR (highest to lowest) and the percentile rank of the Company within the Peer Group will be calculated.

EX-10.2

Exhibit 10.2

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC.

2017 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT GRANT NOTICE

Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the New York Mortgage Trust, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”), New York Mortgage Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby grants to the individual listed below (“you” or the “Participant”) the number of Restricted Stock Units (the “RSUs”) set forth below. This award of RSUs (this “Award”) is subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Agreement”) and the Plan, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan.

Participant:	[●]
Date of Grant:	[●], 2024
Total Number of Restricted Stock Units:	[●]
Vesting Commencement Date:	January 1, 2024
Vesting Schedule:	Except as expressly provided in Section 3 of the Agreement, the Plan and the other terms and conditions set forth herein, the RSUs shall vest according to the following schedule, so long as you remain continuously employed by the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant through each vesting date set forth below:
			Portion of RSUs
		Vesting Date	that Vest
		January 1, 2025	1/3
		January 1, 2026	1/3
		January 1, 2027	1/3

By your signature below, you agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Plan, the Agreement and this Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice (this “Grant Notice”). You acknowledge that you have reviewed the Agreement, the Plan and this Grant Notice in their entirety and fully understand all provisions of the Agreement, the Plan and this Grant Notice. You hereby agree to accept as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Committee regarding any questions or determinations that arise under the Agreement, the Plan or this Grant Notice. This Grant Notice may be executed in one or more counterparts (including portable document format (.pdf) and facsimile counterparts), each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Grant Notice to be executed by an officer thereunto duly authorized, and the Participant has executed this Grant Notice, effective for all purposes as provided above.

New York Mortgage Trust, Inc.
By:
Name:
Title:
PARTICIPANT
Name:	[●]

EXHIBIT A

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AGREEMENT

This Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (together with the Grant Notice to which this Agreement is attached, this “Agreement”) is made as of the Date of Grant set forth in the Grant Notice to which this Agreement is attached by and between New York Mortgage Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and [●] (the “Participant”). Capitalized terms used but not specifically defined herein shall have the meanings specified in the Plan or the Grant Notice.

1.Award.  In consideration of the Participant’s past and/or continued employment with, or service to, the Company or its Affiliates and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, effective as of the Date of Grant set forth in the Grant Notice (the “Date of Grant”), the Company hereby grants to the Participant the number of RSUs set forth in the Grant Notice on the terms and conditions set forth in the Grant Notice, this Agreement and the Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference as a part of this Agreement. In the event of any inconsistency between the Plan and this Agreement, the terms of the Plan shall control. To the extent vested, each RSU represents the right to receive one share of Common Stock of the Company, hereafter described as the “Shares”, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Grant Notice, this Agreement and the Plan. Unless and until the RSUs have become vested in accordance with this Agreement, the Participant will have no right to receive any Shares or other payments in respect of the RSUs, except as otherwise specifically provided for in the Plan or this Agreement (including Section 10). Prior to settlement of this Award, the RSUs and this Award represent an unsecured obligation of the Company, payable only from the general assets of the Company.

2.Vesting of RSUs.  Except as otherwise set forth in Section 3, the RSUs shall vest in accordance with the vesting schedule set forth in the Grant Notice.  Unless and until the RSUs have vested in accordance with such vesting schedule, the Participant will have no right to receive any dividends or other distribution with respect to the RSUs. Fractional Shares shall not vest hereunder, and when any provision hereof may cause a fractional Share to vest, any vesting in such fractional Share shall be postponed until such fractional Share and other fractional Shares equal a vested whole Share.

3.Effect of Termination of Employment or Service; Change in Control .

(a)Termination of Employment or Service Relationship due to Death or Disability. If the Participant’s employment with the Company is terminated due to the death of the Participant, any unvested RSUs shall become fully vested and non-forfeitable upon the date of death.  If the Participant’s employment with the Company is terminated due to Disability of the Participant, any unvested RSUs shall become fully vested and non-forfeitable upon the date of the termination of the Participant’s employment.  For purposes of this Agreement, “Disability” shall mean that the Participant is permanently and totally disabled within the meaning of Section 22(e)(3) of the Code.

(b)Change in Control. If there is both (x) a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan) of the Company and (y) the Participant’s employment with the Company is terminated within 24 months of such Change in Control by the Company without Cause (as defined below) or by the Participant for Good Reason (as defined below), any unvested RSUs shall become fully vested and non-forfeitable upon the date of the termination of the Participant’s employment.

(c)Other Termination of Employment or Service. Except as otherwise provided in Section 3(a) or 3(b) in the event of the termination of the Participant’s employment or other service relationship with the Company or an Affiliate for any reason, any unvested RSUs (and all rights arising from such RSUs and from being a holder thereof) will terminate automatically as of the date of termination without any further action by the Company and will be forfeited without further notice and at no cost to the Company.

(d)Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings specified below:

(i)“Cause” shall mean “cause” (or a term of like import) as defined under the Participant’s employment, consulting and/or severance agreement with the Company or, in the absence of such an agreement or definition, shall mean a determination by the Company in its sole discretion that the Participant has: (A) engaged in gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of the Participant’s duties with respect to the Company or an Affiliate, (B) materially breached any material provision of any written agreement between the Participant and the Company or an Affiliate or corporate policy or code of conduct established by the Company or an Affiliate and applicable to the Participant; (C) willfully engaged in conduct that is materially injurious to the Company or an Affiliate; or (D) been convicted of, pleaded no contest to or received adjudicated probation or deferred adjudication in connection with, a felony involving fraud, dishonestly or moral turpitude (or a crime of similar import in a foreign jurisdiction).

(ii) “Good Reason” shall mean “good reason” (or a term of like import) as defined under the Participant’s employment, consulting and/or severance agreement with the Company or, in the absence of such an agreement or definition, shall mean (A) a material diminution in the Participant’s base salary or (B) the relocation of the geographic location of the Participant’s principal place of employment by more than 50 miles from the location of the Participant’s principal place of employment as of the Date of Grant; provided that, in the case of the Participant’s assertion of Good Reason, (1) the condition described in the foregoing clauses must have arisen without the Participant’s consent; (2) the Participant must provide written notice to the Company of such condition in accordance with this Agreement within 45 days of the initial existence of the condition; (3) the condition specified in such notice must remain uncorrected for 30 days after receipt of such notice by the Company; and (4) the date of termination of the Participant’s employment or other service relationship with the Company or an Affiliate must occur within 90 days after such notice is received by the Company.

4.Settlement of RSUs. As soon as administratively practicable following the vesting of RSUs pursuant to Section 2 or 3, but in no event later than 60 days after such vesting date, the Company shall deliver to the Participant a number of Shares equal to the number of RSUs subject to this Award. All Shares issued hereunder shall be delivered either by delivering one or more certificates for such Shares to the Participant or by entering such Shares in book-entry form, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. The value of Shares shall not bear any interest owing to the passage of time. Neither this Section 4 nor any action taken pursuant to or in accordance with this Agreement shall be construed to create a trust or a funded or secured obligation of any kind.

5.Tax Withholding. To the extent that the receipt, vesting or settlement of this Award results in compensation income or wages to the Participant for federal, state, local and/or foreign tax purposes, the Participant shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Company for the satisfaction of obligations for the payment of withholding taxes and other tax obligations relating to this Award, which arrangements include the delivery of cash or cash equivalents, Shares (including previously owned Shares, net settlement, net early settlement, a broker-assisted sale, or other cashless withholding or reduction of the amount of Shares otherwise issuable or delivered pursuant to this Award), other property, or any other legal consideration the Committee deems appropriate. If such tax obligations are satisfied through net settlement, net early settlement or the surrender of previously owned Shares, the maximum number of Shares that may be so withheld (or surrendered) shall be the number of Shares that have an aggregate Fair Market Value on the date of withholding or surrender equal to the aggregate amount of such tax liabilities determined based on the greatest withholding rates for federal, state, local and/or foreign tax purposes, including payroll taxes, that may be utilized without creating adverse accounting treatment for the Company with respect to this Award, as determined by the Committee. The Participant acknowledges that there may be adverse tax consequences upon the receipt, vesting or settlement of this Award or disposition of the underlying Shares and that the Participant has been advised, and hereby is advised, to consult a tax advisor. The Participant represents that the Participant is in no manner relying on the Board, the Committee, the Company or any of its Affiliates or any of their respective managers, directors, officers, employees or authorized representatives (including, without limitation, attorneys, accountants, consultants, bankers, lenders, prospective lenders and financial representatives) for tax advice or an assessment of such tax consequences.

6.Non-Transferability.  During the lifetime of the Participant, the RSUs may not be sold, pledged, assigned or transferred in any manner other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, unless and until the Shares underlying the RSUs have been issued, and all restrictions applicable to such Shares have lapsed. Neither the RSUs nor any interest or right therein shall be liable for the debts, contracts or engagements of the Participant or his or her successors in interest or shall be subject to disposition by transfer, alienation, anticipation, pledge, encumbrance, assignment or any other means, whether such disposition be voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law by judgment, levy, attachment, garnishment or any other legal or equitable proceedings (including bankruptcy), and any attempted disposition thereof shall be null and void and of no effect, except to the extent that such disposition is permitted by the preceding sentence.

7.Compliance with Applicable Law. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the issuance of Shares hereunder will be subject to compliance with all applicable requirements of applicable law with respect to such securities and with the requirements of any stock exchange or market system upon which the Shares may then be listed. No Shares will be issued hereunder if such issuance would constitute a violation of any applicable law or regulation or the requirements of any stock exchange or market system upon which the Shares may then be listed. In addition, Shares will not be issued hereunder unless (a) a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, is in effect at the time of such issuance with respect to the Shares to be issued or (b) in the opinion of legal counsel to the Company, the Shares to be issued are permitted to be issued in accordance with the terms of an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time. The inability of the Company to obtain from any regulatory body having jurisdiction the authority, if any, deemed by the Company’s legal counsel to be necessary for the lawful issuance and sale of any Shares hereunder will relieve the Company of any liability in respect of the failure to issue such Shares as to which such requisite authority has not been obtained. As a condition to any issuance of Shares hereunder, the Company may require the Participant to satisfy any requirements that may be necessary or appropriate to evidence compliance with any applicable law or regulation and to make any representation or warranty with respect to such compliance as may be requested by the Company.

8.Legends. If a stock certificate is issued with respect to Shares issued hereunder, such certificate shall bear such legend or legends as the Committee deems appropriate in order to reflect the restrictions set forth in this Agreement and to ensure compliance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement, the rules, regulations and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any applicable laws or the requirements of any stock exchange on which the Shares are then listed. If the Shares issued hereunder are held in book-entry form, then such entry will reflect that the Shares are subject to the restrictions set forth in this Agreement.

9.Rights as a Shareholder. The Participant shall have no rights as a shareholder of the Company with respect to any Shares that may become deliverable hereunder unless and until the Participant has become the holder of record of such Shares, and no adjustments shall be made for dividends in cash or other property, distributions or other rights in respect of any such Shares, except as otherwise specifically provided for in the Plan or this Agreement (including Section 10).

10.Dividend Equivalents. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, each RSU subject to this Award is hereby granted in tandem with a corresponding dividend equivalent (“DER”), which DER shall remain outstanding from the Date of Grant until the earlier of the settlement or forfeiture of the RSU to which the DER corresponds. Each vested DER entitles the Participant to receive payments, subject to and in accordance with this Agreement, in an amount equal to any dividends paid by the Company in respect of the Share underlying the RSU to which such DER relates. The Company shall establish, with respect to each RSU, a separate DER bookkeeping account for such RSU (a “DER Account”), which shall be credited (without interest) on the applicable dividend payment dates with an amount equal to any dividends paid during the period that such RSU remains outstanding with respect to the Share underlying the RSU to which such DER relates. Upon the date that the RSU becomes vested, the DER (and the DER Account) with respect to such vested RSU shall become vested. Similarly, upon the forfeiture of a RSU, the DER (and the DER Account) with respect to such forfeited RSU shall also be forfeited. DERs shall not entitle the Participant to any payments relating to dividends paid after the earlier to occur of the date that the applicable vested RSU is settled in accordance with Section 4 or the forfeiture of the RSU underlying such DER. Payments with respect to vested DERs shall be made as soon as practicable, and within 60 days, after the date that such DER vests. The Participant shall not be entitled to receive any interest with respect to the payment of DERs.

11.Execution of Receipts and Releases. Any issuance or transfer of Shares or other property to the Participant or the Participant’s legal representative, heir, legatee or distributee, in accordance with this Agreement shall be in full satisfaction of all claims of such person hereunder. As a condition precedent to such payment or issuance, the Company may require the Participant or the Participant’s legal representative, heir, legatee or distributee to execute (and not revoke within any time provided to do so) a release and receipt therefor in such form as it shall determine appropriate; provided, however, that any review period under such release will not modify the date of settlement with respect to vested RSUs.

12.No Right to Continued Employment, Service or Awards. Nothing in the adoption of the Plan, nor the award of the RSUs thereunder pursuant to the Grant Notice and this Agreement, shall confer upon the Participant the right to continued employment by, or a continued service relationship with, the Company or any Affiliate, or any other entity, or affect in any way the right of the Company or any such Affiliate, or any other entity to terminate such employment or other service relationship at any time. The grant of the RSUs is a one-time benefit and does not create any contractual or other right to receive a grant of Awards or benefits in lieu of Awards in the future. Any future Awards will be granted at the sole discretion of the Company.

13.Notices. All notices and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be delivered to the parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified by like notice):

If to the Company, unless otherwise designated by the Company in a written notice to the Participant (or other holder):

New York Mortgage Trust, Inc.
Attn: Compensation Committee
90 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10016

If to the Participant, at the Participant’s last known address on file with the Company.

Any notice that is delivered personally or by overnight courier or telecopier in the manner provided herein shall be deemed to have been duly given to the Participant when it is mailed by the Company or, if such notice is not mailed to the Participant, upon receipt by the Participant. Any notice that is addressed and mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been given to the party to whom it is addressed at the close of business, local time of the recipient, on the fourth day after the day it is so placed in the mail.

14.Consent to Electronic Delivery; Electronic Signature. In lieu of receiving documents in paper format, the Participant agrees, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to accept electronic delivery of any documents that the Company may be required to deliver (including, but not limited to, prospectuses, prospectus supplements, grant or award notifications and agreements, account statements, annual and quarterly reports and all other forms of communications) in connection with this and any other Award made or offered by the Company. Electronic delivery may be via a Company electronic mail system or by reference to a location on a Company intranet to which the Participant has access. The Participant hereby consents to any and all procedures the Company has established or may establish for an electronic signature system for delivery and acceptance of any such documents that the Company may be required to deliver, and agrees that his or her electronic signature is the same as, and shall have the same force and effect as, his or her manual signature.

15.Agreement to Furnish Information. The Participant agrees to furnish to the Company all information requested by the Company to enable it to comply with any reporting or other requirement imposed upon the Company by or under any applicable statute or regulation.

16.Entire Agreement; Amendment. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with regard to the subject matter hereof, and contains all the covenants, promises, representations, warranties and agreements between the parties with respect to the RSUs granted hereby; provided¸ however, that unless otherwise stated herein, the terms of this Agreement shall not modify and shall be subject to the terms and conditions of any employment, consulting and/or severance agreement between the Company (or an Affiliate or other entity) and the Participant in effect as of the date a determination is to be made under this Agreement. Without limiting the scope of the preceding sentence, except as provided therein, all prior understandings and agreements, if any, among the parties hereto relating to the subject matter hereof are hereby null and void and of no further force and effect. The Committee may, in its sole discretion, amend this Agreement from time to time in any manner that is not inconsistent with the Plan; provided, however, that except as otherwise provided in the Plan or this Agreement, any such amendment that materially reduces the rights of the Participant shall be effective only if it is in writing and signed by both the Participant and an authorized officer of the Company.

17.Severability and Waiver. If a court of competent jurisdiction determines that any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable, then the invalidity or unenforceability of such provision shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement, and all other provisions shall remain in full force and effect. Waiver by any party of any breach of this Agreement or failure to exercise any right hereunder shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any other breach or right. The failure of any party to take action by reason of such breach or to exercise any such right shall not deprive the party of the right to take action at any time while or after such breach or condition giving rise to such rights continues.

18.Clawback. Notwithstanding any provision in the Grant Notice, this Agreement or the Plan to the contrary, to the extent required by (a) applicable law, including, without limitation, the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, any Securities and Exchange Commission rule or any applicable securities exchange listing standards, (b) the Company’s Clawback Policy relating to the recovery of erroneously awarded compensation and/or (c) any other policy that may be adopted or amended by the Board from time to time, all Shares issued hereunder shall be subject to forfeiture, repurchase, recoupment and/or cancellation to the extent necessary to comply with such law(s) and/or policy.

19.Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of MARYLAND applicable to contracts made and to be performed therein, exclusive of the conflict of laws provisions of MARYLAND LAW.

20.Successors and Assigns. The Company may assign any of its rights under this Agreement without the Participant’s consent. This Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company. Subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth herein and in the Plan, this Agreement will be binding upon the Participant and the Participant's beneficiaries, executors, administrators and the person(s) to whom the RSUs may be transferred by will or the laws of descent or distribution.

21.Headings. Headings are for convenience only and are not deemed to be part of this Agreement.

22.Counterparts.  The Grant Notice may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which together shall constitute one instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of the Grant Notice by facsimile or portable document format (.pdf) attachment to electronic mail shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of the Grant Notice.

23.Section 409A. Notwithstanding anything herein or in the Plan to the contrary, the RSUs granted pursuant to this Agreement are intended to comply with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code, as amended from time to time, and the guidance and regulations promulgated thereunder and successor provisions, guidance and regulations thereto (the “Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules”) and shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with such intent. If the Participant is deemed to be a “specified employee” within the meaning of the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules, as determined by the Committee, at a time when the Participant becomes eligible for settlement of the RSUs upon his “separation from service” within the meaning of the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules, then to the extent necessary to prevent any accelerated or additional tax under the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules, such settlement will be delayed until the earlier of: (a) the date that is six months following the Participant’s separation from service and (b) the Participant’s death. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company and its Affiliates make no representations that the RSUs provided under this Agreement are compliant with the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules and in no event shall the Company or any Affiliate be liable for all or any portion of any taxes, penalties, interest or other expenses that may be incurred by the Participant on account of non-compliance with the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Rules.

EX-10.3

Exhibit 10.3

NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC.

2024 ANNUAL INCENTIVE PLAN

New York Mortgage Trust, Inc.’s 2024 Annual Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is a plan under which eligible employees of New York Mortgage Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) may receive bonus awards representing the opportunity to receive a payment in accordance with, and subject to the terms of, the Plan (“Bonus Awards”). The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company, or its delegate (the “Compensation Committee”) will determine the amount, if any, payable under a Bonus Award based upon the Company’s and the employee’s performance during the Fiscal Year (as defined below).

I.    Purposes. The Plan is a component of the Company’s overall strategy to pay its employees for performance. The purposes of the Plan are to: (i) attract and retain top performing employees, (ii) motivate employees by tying compensation to the Company’s financial performance and (iii) reward exceptional individual performance that supports the Company’s overall objectives.

II.    Effective Date. All eligible employees of the Company may participate in the Plan, except for employees who commence employment pursuant to an offer letter that excludes participation in the Plan. Those employees who are determined to be eligible to receive Bonus Awards under the Plan are called “Participants.” An employee must commence employment or otherwise become eligible to participate in the Plan no later than July 1 of the applicable Fiscal Year (defined below); provided, however that the Compensation Committee may make exceptions to this requirement in its sole discretion as it deems appropriate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, being a Participant under the Plan does not entitle an individual to receive payment of a Bonus Award.

III.    Plan Year. The Plan operates on a fiscal year basis beginning January 1 and ending December 31 (the “Fiscal Year”), commencing on January 1, 2024.

IV.    Bonus Awards. A Participant must be an active employee in good standing and on the payroll of the Company, or any approved subsidiary (an “Approved Payroll”) on the date the Bonus Award is paid to receive payment of any portion of the Bonus Award. A Participant who is not on an Approved Payroll for whatever reason on the date a Bonus Award is to be paid will not be entitled to payment of any portion of the Bonus Award. Bonus Award payments for a given Fiscal Year for an employee that was not actively employed or on an Approved Payroll on the first business day of the applicable Fiscal Year will be paid on a pro-rata basis for such Fiscal Year based on the period of the Fiscal Year during which the Participant was on an Approved Payroll. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Participant may remain eligible to receive a Bonus Award pursuant to the terms and conditions of his or her employment agreement even if such Participant is not on an Approved Payroll on the date such Bonus Award would have otherwise been paid.

Notwithstanding any language to the contrary contained in the Plan and for the avoidance of doubt, (i) a Participant is not entitled to a minimum Bonus Award payment or a guaranteed Bonus Award payment pursuant to the Plan and (ii) the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, may elect not to make a Bonus Award payment even if such Bonus Award payment would otherwise be payable under the terms of the Plan.

V.    Components of the Plan. The Plan shall be divided into two components, a Quantitative Component (defined below) and a Qualitative Component (defined below). The eligible Bonus Award for each Participant will be based on a percentage allocation of 75% based on the Quantitative Component and 25% based on the Qualitative Component.

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a.    Quantitative Component. The quantitative component (the “Quantitative Component”) is comprised of two performance measures that relate to Total Economic Return on Adjusted Book Value (“Adjusted TER”), a non-GAAP financial measure. Adjusted TER is defined as (A) the sum of (i) the applicable entity’s adjusted book value per share of common stock at December 31 of the applicable Fiscal Year (or the last day of the Performance Period) and (ii) the aggregate dividends per share of common stock declared by the applicable entity during the applicable Fiscal Year (or the Performance Period), divided by (B) the applicable entity’s adjusted book value per share of common stock at December 31 of the prior Fiscal Year (or the day preceding the first day of the Performance Period).

The first performance measure under the Quantitative Component is based on absolute Adjusted TER for the Company (the “Absolute TER Measure”) while the second performance measure under the Quantitative Component is based on the relative Adjusted TER ranking of the Company as compared to a performance peer group (the “Relative TER Measure”).

Absolute TER Measure

One-half of the Quantitative Component (i.e., 37.5% of the eligible Bonus Award for each Participant) is subject to the Absolute TER Measure. The amount of each Participant’s bonus payable in respect of the Absolute TER Measure will be contingent on meeting certain performance levels (as described below) for the Fiscal Year.

The size of the Absolute TER Measure portion of the Quantitative Component shall be contingent upon the Company meeting or exceeding specified hurdle rates for Absolute TER for the Fiscal Year set by the Compensation Committee. The size of the Absolute TER Measure portion of the Quantitative Component of each Participant’s Bonus Award shall be based on the following threshold, target and maximum performance levels:

Absolute TER Measure Hurdles	Payout as a % of Target Bonus Upon Achievement of Absolute TER Measure Hurdles
Less than 4%	0%
4%	50%
9%	100%
14%	200%

If performance is between the threshold (4%) and target (9%) or between the target (9%) and maximum (14%), the performance level achieved is determined by applying linear interpolation to the performance interval. For the avoidance of doubt, the amount of each Bonus Award earned under the Absolute TER Measure portion of the Quantitative Component shall be zero if the Company’s Adjusted TER is below the 4% threshold hurdle rate. The actual amount earned by each Participant under the Absolute TER Measure portion of the Quantitative Component is calculated by multiplying 37.5% by the product of the applicable payout percentage and the Participant’s target amount under the Bonus Award, which target amount is set forth in the appendix attached hereto.

Relative TER Measure

One-half of the Quantitative Component (i.e., 37.5% of the eligible Bonus Award for each Participant) is subject to the Relative TER Measure. The amount of each Participant’s bonus payable in respect of the Relative TER Measure will be contingent on meeting certain performance levels (as described below).

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The size of the Absolute TER Measure portion of the Quantitative Component shall be contingent upon the Company exceeding specified hurdle rates for Relative TER for a performance period that commenced on October 1, 2023 and ends on September 30, 2024 (the “Performance Period”), based on the percentile ranking of the Company’s Adjusted TER for the Performance Period against the Adjusted TER for the Performance Period of an identified performance peer group (the “Performance Peer Group”) of the following mortgage REITs that are set forth in the Company’s performance share unit (“PSU”) agreement for PSU awards granted in 2024:

Ticker Symbol	Name
MITT	AG Mortgage Investment Trust
AGNC	AGNC Investment Corp
NLY	Annaly Capital Management
ARR	ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc.
CHMI	Cherry Hill Mortgage Investment Corporation
CIM	Chimera Investment Corporation
DX	Dynex Capital, Inc.
EFC	Ellington Financial Inc.
AJX	Great Ajax
IVR	Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
MFA	MFA Financial, Inc.
RITM	Rithm Capital Corp.
ORC	Orchid Island Capital, Inc.
PMT	PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust
RWT	Redwood Trust, Inc.
RC	Ready Capital Corp.
TWO	Two Harbors Investment Corp.

If a company ceases to exist, ceases to be publicly traded or is delisted from a national securities exchange at any time during the Performance Period, it shall be removed from the Performance Peer Group, and the definition of “Performance Peer Group” shall be adjusted to omit such company.

Further, notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, in the event that a company in the Performance Peer Group experiences a change in corporate structure or some other event that could reasonably be expected to affect its Adjusted TER (including but not limited to a financial restatement or late filing), the Compensation Committee shall have sole discretion to take any action in good faith that it believes is necessary to mitigate the impact of such event and preserve the intended incentives of the Plan, which actions shall include but are not limited to one or more of the following: (i) removal of the company from the Performance Peer Group, (ii) measuring the Adjusted TER of the company as of immediately prior to the occurrence of such event (rather than the end of the Performance Period), (iii) deeming the Adjusted TER for the company to be $0 (or some other amount deemed appropriate by the Compensation Committee), or (iv) any other adjustment that the Compensation Committee deems appropriate to reflect such event.

3

The size of the Relative TER Measure portion of the Quantitative Component of each Participant’s Bonus Award shall be based on the following threshold, target and maximum performance levels:

Relative TER Measure Hurdles	Payout as a % of Target Bonus Upon Achievement of Relative TER Measure Hurdles (2)
Less than 25%	0%
25%	50%
55%	100%
75%	200%

    For the Performance Period, if performance is between the threshold (25%) and target (55%) or between the target (55%) and maximum (75%), the performance level achieved is determined by applying linear interpolation to the performance interval. For the avoidance of doubt, the amount of each Bonus Award earned under the Relative TER Measure shall be zero if the Company’s percentile rankingwith respect to the Relative TER Measure is below 25%. The actual amount earned by each Participant under the Relative TER Measure portion of the Quantitative Component is calculated by multiplying 37.5% by the product of the applicable payout percentage and the Participant’s target amount under the Bonus Award.

Calculation of Adjusted TER

For purposes of calculating the Company’s Adjusted TER, it is expected that adjusted book value per common share will be calculated by making the following adjustments to the Company’s GAAP book value per common share: (i) exclude the Company’s share of cumulative depreciation and lease intangible amortization expenses related to operating real estate, net held at the end of the period, (ii) exclude the adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interests to estimated redemption value, (iii) adjust the Company’s liabilities that finance our investment portfolio to fair value and (iv) adjust other items as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion.

For purposes of calculating the Adjusted TER of the members of the Performance Peer Group for the Performance Period, it is expected that adjusted book value per common share for each member of the Performance Peer Group will be calculated as GAAP book value per common share, as adjusted for any items deemed appropriate in the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee, which may include adjustments similar to those described above with respect to the calculation of the Company’s Adjusted TER. In most cases, subject to the discretion of the Compensation Committee, it is expected that the Company will measure the Company’s Adjusted TER, calculated as described above, against the total economic return on GAAP book value for the Performance Peer Group.

b.    Quantitative Component. The Plan also includes a qualitative component (the “Qualitative Component”) which is separate and distinct from the Quantitative Component. The Qualitative Component is intended to allow the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, to provide additional compensation to Participants based on the Compensation Committee’s evaluation of the Participant’s contributions to the success of the Company. The amount of each Bonus Award under the Qualitative Component will be determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion based on its assessment of how each Participant has performed relative to the qualitative factors it deems relevant for each Fiscal Year.

4

The Qualitative Component for each Participant is based on a percentage of the Participant’s target bonus and is set forth as follows:

Qualitative Component Hurdles	Payout as a % of Target Bonus Upon Achievement of Qualitative Component Hurdles (1)
Below Threshold	0%
Threshold	50%
Target	100%
Maximum	200%

(1)    For fiscal year 2024, if performance is between the threshold and target or between the target and maximum, the performance level achieved is determined by applying linear interpolation to the performance interval.

The actual amount earned by each Participant under the Qualitative Component is calculated by multiplying 25% by the product of the applicable payout percentage and the Participant’s target amount under the Bonus Award.

VI.    Form of Bonuses. Bonus Awards under the Plan are expected to be settled in cash. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Bonus Awards may be settled in a combination of cash, shares of the Company’s common stock that are subject to certain restrictions and a risk of forfeiture (“Restricted Stock”) in the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee. Shares of Restricted Stock granted as payment of all or a portion of a Bonus Award under the Plan will be issued pursuant to the Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (or a successor plan thereto), and will be subject to a vesting period as determined by the Compensation Committee.

The Bonus Award will be paid to the Participant (the “Payment Date”) between January 1 and March 31 of the year following the applicable Fiscal Year to which the Bonus Award relates, subject to the terms and conditions hereof. The “grant date” for the Restricted Stock portion of any such Bonus Award shall be as soon as practicable following the Payment Date. Any Bonus Award paid under this Plan shall be subject to all applicable federal, state or local taxes required by law to be withheld.

VII.    Bonus Awards Subject to “Clawback”. Each Bonus Award paid under the Plan, whether the portion paid in cash or the portion paid in Restricted Stock, will be paid subject to the Company’s right to recoup or “clawback” all or part of the payment in accordance with the requirements of any compensation “clawback” policy of the Company in effect from time to time and applicable law, including such a policy that is later adopted by the Company with retroactive effect.

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APPENDIX

The target amount under the Bonus Award for each Participant is set forth below:

Name	Bonus Award Target Amount Expressed as a Multiple of Base Salary
Jason Serrano.....................................................................	2.5x
Nick Mah...........................................................................	2.5x
Kristine Nario-Eng.............................................................	1.35x

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jason T. Serrano, certify that: 

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 of New York Mortgage Trust, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 3, 2024
		/s/ Jason T. Seranno
		Jason T. Serrano
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Kristine R. Nario-Eng, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 of New York Mortgage Trust, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 3, 2024
		/s/ Kristine R. Nario-Eng
		Kristine R. Nario-Eng
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of New York Mortgage Trust, Inc., (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to our knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Date:	May 3, 2024
		/s/ Jason T. Serrano
		Jason T. Serrano
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	May 3, 2024
		/s/ Kristine R. Nario-Eng
		Kristine R. Nario-Eng
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-32216
Entity Registrant Name	NEW YORK MORTGAGE TRUST, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MD
Entity Tax Identification Number	47-0934168
Entity Address, Address Line One	90 Park Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	New York
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10016
City Area Code	212
Local Phone Number	792-0107
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		91,227,780
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001273685
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	NYMT
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
8.000% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	8.000% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference
Trading Symbol	NYMTN
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
7.875% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	7.875% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference
Trading Symbol	NYMTM
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
6.875% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	6.875% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference
Trading Symbol	NYMTL
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
7.000% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	7.000% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25.00 Liquidation Preference
Trading Symbol	NYMTZ
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
ASSETS
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value		$ 2,241,340	$ 2,013,817
Equity investments, at fair value		137,943	147,116
Cash and cash equivalents		226,939	187,107
Real estate, net		1,154,221	1,131,819
Assets of disposal group held for sale		146,363	426,017
Other assets		344,999	315,357
Total Assets	[1]	7,446,815	7,401,328
Liabilities:
Senior unsecured notes		98,299	98,111
Subordinated debentures		45,000	45,000
Mortgages payable on real estate, net		850,743	784,421
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale		122,318	386,024
Other liabilities		110,751	118,016
Total Liabilities	[1]	5,927,481	5,773,202
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 15)
Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated Variable Interest Entities		20,128	28,061
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 31,500,000 shares authorized, 22,164,414 shares issued and outstanding ($554,110 aggregate liquidation preference)		535,445	535,445
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 91,231,039 and 90,675,403 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		912	907
Additional paid-in capital		2,289,452	2,297,081
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		0	(4)
Accumulated deficit		(1,340,553)	(1,253,817)
Company's stockholders' equity		1,485,256	1,579,612
Non-controlling interests		13,950	20,453
Total equity		1,499,206	1,600,065
Total Liabilities and Equity		7,446,815	7,401,328
Repurchase agreements
Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements		2,512,008	2,471,113
Collateralized Debt Obligations
Liabilities:
Collateralized debt obligations ($1,079,768 at fair value and $1,108,594 at amortized cost, net as of March 31, 2024 and $593,737 at fair value and $1,276,780 at amortized cost, net as of December 31, 2023)		2,188,362	1,870,517
Residential loans, at fair value
ASSETS
Residential loans, at fair value		3,103,105	3,084,303
Multi-family loans
ASSETS
Multi-family loans, at fair value		$ 91,905	$ 95,792

[1] Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities ("VIEs") as the Company is the primary beneficiary of these VIEs. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assets of consolidated VIEs totaled $3,829,183 and $3,816,777, respectively, and the liabilities of consolidated VIEs totaled $3,192,392 and $3,076,818, respectively. See Note 7 for further discussion.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - (Parenthetical) - USD ($)		Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 22, 2023	Feb. 21, 2023
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)		200,000,000	200,000,000	200,000,000	800,000,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)		91,231,039	90,675,403
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)		91,231,039	90,675,403
Assets	[1]	$ 7,446,815,000	$ 7,401,328,000
Liabilities	[1]	5,927,481,000	5,773,202,000
VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Assets		3,829,183,000	3,816,777,000
Liabilities		$ 3,192,392,000	$ 3,076,818,000
Preferred Stock, Series Shares
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)		31,500,000	31,500,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)		22,164,414	22,164,414
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)		22,164,414	22,164,414
Preferred Stock, aggregate liquidation preference		$ 554,110,000	$ 554,110,000
Consolidated SLST
Carrying Value		1,079,768,000	593,737,000
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Carrying Value		1,079,768,000	593,737,000
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net
Carrying Value		1,108,594,000	1,276,780,000
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Carrying Value		$ 1,108,594,000	$ 1,276,780,000

[1] Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities ("VIEs") as the Company is the primary beneficiary of these VIEs. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assets of consolidated VIEs totaled $3,829,183 and $3,816,777, respectively, and the liabilities of consolidated VIEs totaled $3,192,392 and $3,076,818, respectively. See Note 7 for further discussion.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
NET INTEREST INCOME:
Interest income	$ 83,892	$ 57,136
Interest expense	66,029	39,335
Total net interest income	17,863	17,801
NET LOSS FROM REAL ESTATE:
Rental income	33,153	36,281
Other real estate income	4,923	5,465
Total income from real estate	38,076	41,746
Interest expense, mortgages payable on real estate	20,769	22,478
Depreciation and amortization	12,576	6,039
Other real estate expenses	21,100	22,180
Total expenses related to real estate	54,445	50,697
Total net loss from real estate	(16,369)	(8,951)
OTHER (LOSS) INCOME:
Realized (losses) gains, net	(10,533)	1,081
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(39,390)	32,851
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	49,211	(4,362)
(Loss) income from equity investments	(2,136)	4,511
Impairment of real estate	(36,247)	(10,275)
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	(14,636)	0
Other (loss) income	(3,592)	1,275
Total other (loss) income	(57,323)	25,081
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATING EXPENSES:
General and administrative expenses	13,054	12,683
Portfolio operating expenses	11,287	7,070
Total general, administrative and operating expenses	24,341	19,753
(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES	(80,170)	14,178
Income tax (benefit) expense	(111)	16
NET (LOSS) INCOME	(80,059)	14,162
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	22,158	6,701
Net income (loss) attributable to Company	(57,901)	20,863
Preferred stock dividends	(10,439)	(10,484)
Gain on repurchase of preferred stock	0	142
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	(68,340)	10,521
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	$ (68,340)	$ 10,521
Basic loss per common share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.75)	$ 0.12
Diluted loss per common share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.75)	$ 0.11
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic (in shares)	91,117	91,314
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted (in shares)	91,117	91,672

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMPANY'S COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$ (68,340)	$ 10,521
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Increase in fair value of available for sale securities	0	591
Reclassification adjustment for net gain included in net income	4	0
TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	4	591
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMPANY'S COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$ (68,336)	$ 11,112

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Preferred Stock	Total Company's Stockholders' Equity	Total Company's Stockholders' Equity Common Stock	Total Company's Stockholders' Equity Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Common Stock Common Stock	Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Preferred Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In Capital Common Stock	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Preferred Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 1,800,308			$ 1,767,216			$ 912		$ 538,351		$ 2,282,691		$ (1,052,768)		$ (1,970)	$ 33,092
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income allocated to redeemable non-controlling interest	19,663			20,863									20,863			(1,200)
Common and preferred stock repurchases		$ (3,610)	$ (320)		$ (3,610)	$ (320)		$ (4)		$ (462)		$ (3,606)		$ 142
Stock based compensation expense (benefit), net	50			50			4				46
Dividends declared on common stock	(36,562)			(36,562)									(36,562)
Dividends declared on preferred stock	(10,484)			(10,484)									(10,484)
Dividends attributable to dividend equivalents	(238)			(238)									(238)
Reclassification adjustment for net gain included in net income	0
Contributions of non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	300															300
Decrease in non-controlling interest related to distributions from Consolidated VIEs	(758)															(758)
Increase in fair value of available for sale securities	591			591											591
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	1,768,940			1,737,506			912		537,889		2,279,131		(1,079,047)		(1,379)	31,434
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	1,600,065			1,579,612			907		535,445		2,297,081		(1,253,817)		(4)	20,453
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income allocated to redeemable non-controlling interest	(65,659)			(57,901)									(57,901)			(7,758)
Stock based compensation expense (benefit), net	(1,196)			(1,196)			5				(1,201)
Dividends declared on common stock	(18,246)			(18,246)									(18,246)
Dividends declared on preferred stock	(10,439)			(10,439)									(10,439)
Dividends attributable to dividend equivalents	(150)			(150)									(150)
Reclassification adjustment for net gain included in net income	4			4											4
Increase in non-controlling interest related to de-consolidation of VIEs	1,598															1,598
Contributions of non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	436															436
Decrease in non-controlling interest related to distributions from Consolidated VIEs	(779)															(779)
Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value	(6,428)			(6,428)							(6,428)
Increase in fair value of available for sale securities	0
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 1,499,206			$ 1,485,256			$ 912		$ 535,445		$ 2,289,452		$ (1,340,553)		$ 0	$ 13,950

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Net (loss) income allocated to redeemable non-controlling interest	$ (14,400)	$ (5,501)

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net (loss) income	$ (80,059)	$ 14,162
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used in operating activities:
Net amortization	2,311	7,744
Depreciation and amortization expense related to operating real estate	12,576	6,039
Realized losses (gains), net	10,533	(1,081)
Unrealized losses (gains), net	39,390	(32,851)
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	(49,211)	4,362
Gain on sale of real estate	(134)	0
Realized loss on de-consolidation of multi-family loans held in securitization trusts and multi-family collateralized debt obligations, net	(50)	0
Impairment of real estate	36,247	10,275
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	14,636	0
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations and mortgages payable on real estate	692	(1,170)
Income from preferred equity, mezzanine loan and equity investments	(604)	(6,948)
Distributions of income from preferred equity, mezzanine loan and equity investments	3,886	4,209
Stock based compensation (benefit) expense, net	(1,196)	50
Cash reclassified to assets of disposal group held for sale	3,061	1,708
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(5,208)	(17,903)
Net cash used in operating activities	(13,130)	(11,404)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Principal paydowns received on investment securities	35,842	3,789
Purchases of investment securities	(297,553)	(106,146)
Return of capital from equity investments	5,000	4,902
Funding of preferred equity, mezzanine loan and equity investments	(172)	(21,948)
Net variation margin received (paid) for derivative instruments	34,441	(2,487)
Net payments received from derivative instruments	15,306	4,092
Net proceeds from sale of real estate	4,772	1,114
Proceeds from sale of joint venture equity investment in Consolidated VIE	50	0
Cash removed in de-consolidation of Consolidated VIE	(1,150)	0
Purchases of and capital expenditures on real estate	(5,988)	(18,138)
Purchases of other assets	(10)	(34)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(253,984)	57,065
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Net proceeds received from repurchase agreements	39,711	50,055
Proceeds from issuance of collateralized debt obligations, net	500,543	0
Repurchases of common stock	0	(3,610)
Repurchases of preferred stock	0	(320)
Dividends paid on common stock and dividend equivalents	(20,465)	(37,659)
Dividends paid on preferred stock	(10,420)	(10,493)
Net distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs	(304)	(4,408)
Payments made on and extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations	(170,085)	(80,509)
Payments made on Consolidated SLST CDOs	(12,506)	(10,493)
Net proceeds received from mortgages payable on real estate	729	13,840
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	327,203	(83,597)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	60,089	(37,936)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - Beginning of Period	330,642	380,938
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - End of Period	390,731	343,002
Supplemental Disclosure:
Cash paid for interest	75,001	55,042
Cash refunds received for income taxes	(145)	0
Non-Cash Investment Activities:
De-consolidation of real estate held in Consolidated VIEs	193,168	0
De-consolidation of mortgages payable on real estate held in Consolidated VIEs	194,256	0
Transfer from residential loans to real estate owned	17,948	326
Transfer from residential loans to real estate, net	2,640	0
Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Dividends declared on stock to be paid in subsequent period	30,101
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Reconciliation:
Cash and cash equivalents	226,939	227,753
Restricted cash included in other assets	163,792	115,249
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	390,731	343,002
Common Stock
Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Dividends declared on stock to be paid in subsequent period	19,647	38,644
Preferred Stock
Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Dividends declared on stock to be paid in subsequent period	10,454	10,484
Residential loans
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Principal repayments received on residential loans	230,260	279,089
Proceeds from sales of residential loans	28,912	166
Purchases of residential loans	$ (303,694)	$ (87,334)

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Organization

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization

1. Organization

New York Mortgage Trust, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (“NYMT,” “we,” “our,” or the “Company”), is an internally-managed real estate investment trust ("REIT") in the business of acquiring, investing in, financing and managing primarily mortgage-related single-family and multi-family residential assets. Our objective is to deliver long-term stable distributions to our stockholders over changing economic conditions through a combination of net interest spread and capital gains from a diversified investment portfolio. Our investment portfolio includes credit sensitive single-family and multi-family assets, as well as more traditional types of fixed-income investments that provide coupon income, such as Agency RMBS.

The Company conducts its business through the parent company, New York Mortgage Trust, Inc., and several subsidiaries, including taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”), qualified REIT subsidiaries (“QRSs”) and special purpose subsidiaries established for securitization purposes. The Company consolidates all of its subsidiaries under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

The Company is organized and conducts its operations to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As such, the Company will generally not be subject to federal income taxes on that portion of its income that is distributed to stockholders if it distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders by the due date of its federal income tax return and complies with various other requirements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Definitions – The following defines certain of the commonly used terms in these financial statements: 

“RMBS” refers to residential mortgage-backed securities backed by adjustable-rate, hybrid adjustable-rate, or fixed-rate residential loans;

“Agency RMBS” refers to RMBS representing interests in or obligations backed by pools of residential loans guaranteed by a government sponsored enterprise (“GSE”), such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), or an agency of the U.S. government, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”);

“non-Agency RMBS” refers to RMBS that are not guaranteed by any agency of the U.S. Government or GSE;

“IOs” refers collectively to interest only and inverse interest only mortgage-backed securities that represent the right to the interest component of the cash flow from a pool of mortgage loans;

“POs” refers to mortgage-backed securities that represent the right to the principal component of the cash flow from a pool of mortgage loans;

“ARMs” refers to adjustable-rate residential loans;

“Agency ARMs” refers to Agency RMBS comprised of adjustable-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate RMBS;

“Agency fixed-rate RMBS” refers to Agency RMBS comprised of fixed-rate RMBS;

“ABS” refers to debt and/or equity tranches of securitizations backed by various asset classes including, but not limited to, automobiles, aircraft, credit cards, equipment, franchises, recreational vehicles and student loans;

“CMBS” refers to commercial mortgage-backed securities comprised of commercial mortgage pass-through securities issued by a GSE, as well as PO, IO or mezzanine securities that represent the right to a specific component of the cash flow from a pool of commercial mortgage loans;

“CDO” refers to collateralized debt obligation and includes debt that permanently finances the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST and the Company's residential loans held in securitization trusts that we consolidate, or consolidated, in our financial statements in accordance with GAAP;

“business purpose loans” refers to (i) short-term loans that are collateralized by residential properties and are made to investors who intend to rehabilitate and sell the residential property for a profit or (ii) loans that finance (or refinance) non-owner occupied residential properties that are rented to one or more tenants;

“Consolidated SLST” refers to a Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization, comprised of seasoned re-performing and non-performing residential loans, of which we own the first loss subordinated securities and certain IOs that we consolidate in our financial statements in accordance with GAAP; and

“SOFR” refers to Secured Overnight Funding Rate.

Basis of Presentation – On March 9, 2023, the Company effected a one-for-four reverse stock split of its issued, outstanding and authorized shares of common stock (the "Reverse Stock Split"). Accordingly, all common share and per common share data for all periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted on a retroactive basis to reflect the impact of the Reverse Stock Split.

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from audited financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024, the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 and the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited. In our opinion, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with Article 10 of Regulation S-X and the instructions to Form 10-Q. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, significant accounting policies and other disclosures have been omitted since such items are disclosed in Note 2 in the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Provided in this section is a summary of additional accounting policies that are significant to, or newly adopted by, the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management has made significant estimates in several areas, including fair valuation of its residential loans, multi-family loans, certain equity investments, Consolidated SLST CDOs, certain residential loan CDOs, real estate held by Consolidated VIEs and redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs. Although the Company’s estimates contemplate current conditions and how it expects those conditions to change in the future, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could be different than anticipated in those estimates, which could materially impact the Company’s results of operations and its financial condition.

Reclassifications – Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to current period presentation. In particular, prior period disclosures have been adjusted for the aforementioned Reverse Stock Split.

Additionally, prior period disclosures have been conformed to the current period presentation of net loss from real estate. Beginning in the third quarter of 2023, the components of net loss from real estate, inclusive of rental income and other real estate income and interest expense, mortgages payable on real estate, depreciation and amortization and other real estate expenses, are presented as total net loss from real estate on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Previously, rental income, other real estate income and total income from real estate was presented in other income (loss) and interest expense, mortgages payable on real estate, depreciation and amortization, other real estate expenses and total expenses related to real estate were presented in general, administrative and operating expenses on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Also beginning in the third quarter of 2023, unrealized gains (losses) and realized gains (losses) on derivative instruments are presented in gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Previously, unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments were presented in unrealized gains (losses), net and realized gains (losses) on derivative instruments were presented in realized gains (losses), net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Principles of Consolidation and Variable Interest Entities – The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of all its subsidiaries which are majority-owned, controlled by the Company or a variable interest entity (“VIE”) where the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation (see Note 7).

A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. A VIE is defined as an entity in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. The Company consolidates a VIE in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation ("ASC 810") when it is the primary beneficiary of such VIE, herein referred to as a "Consolidated VIE". As primary beneficiary, the Company has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and a right to receive benefits or absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE. The Company is required to reconsider its evaluation of whether to consolidate a VIE each reporting period, based upon changes in the facts and circumstances pertaining to the VIE.

The Company evaluates the initial consolidation of each Consolidated VIE, which includes a determination of whether the VIE constitutes the definition of a business in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations ("ASC 805"), by considering if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets within the VIE are concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or group of single identifiable assets. Upon consolidation, the Company recognizes the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any third-party ownership of membership interests as non-controlling interest as of the consolidation or acquisition date, measured at their relative fair values (see Note 7). Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs is adjusted prospectively for its share of the allocation of income or loss and equity contributions and distributions from each respective Consolidated VIE. The third-party owners of certain of the non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs have the ability to sell their ownership interests to the Company, at their election, subject to certain conditions. The Company has classified these third-party ownership interests as redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs in mezzanine equity on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Collateralized Debt Obligations – The Company records collateralized debt obligations used to permanently finance the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST and the Company's residential loans held in securitization trusts as debt on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. For financial reporting purposes, the loans and investment securities held as collateral for these obligations are recorded as assets of the Company. The Company has elected the fair value option pursuant to ASC 825, Financial Instruments ("ASC 825") with respect to the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST and CDOs issued by the Company after January 1, 2024. Changes in fair value of CDOs subject to the fair value election are recorded in current period earnings in unrealized gains (losses), net on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Interest expense on such CDOs is recorded based on the current stated interest rate and outstanding principal balance in effect. In accordance with ASC 825, costs associated with the issuance of CDOs subject to the fair value election are recognized in earnings as they are incurred and are included in portfolio operating expense on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Summary of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 requires enhanced disclosures in connection with an entity's effective tax rate reconciliation and additional disclosures about income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company expects that the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will result in additional income tax disclosures in its notes to consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023-07"). ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. The amendments also require companies with a single reportable segment to provide all disclosures required by ASU 2023-07 as well as existing segment disclosures in accordance with ASC 280. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company expects that the adoption of ASU 2023-07 will result in additional disclosures in its notes to consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting ("ASU 2020-04"). ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP requirements for modifications to debt agreements, leases, derivatives and other contracts, related to the expected market transition from LIBOR, and certain other floating rate benchmark indices, or collectively, IBORs, to alternative reference rates. ASU 2020-04 generally considers contract modifications related to reference rate reform to be an event that does not require contract remeasurement at the modification date nor a reassessment of a previous accounting determination. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 ("ASU 2022-06"), which allows ASU 2020-04 to be adopted and applied prospectively to contract modifications made on or before December 31, 2024. In light of the cessation of the publication of LIBOR after June 30, 2023, the Company’s material contracts that were indexed to LIBOR have been amended to transition to an alternative benchmark and any other unmodified agreements that incorporate LIBOR as the referenced rate have provisions in place that provide for identification of an alternative benchmark or specify an alternative benchmark, or by operation of law specify an alternative benchmark, to LIBOR upon its phase-out.

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Residential Loans, at Fair Value

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Abstract]

Residential Loans, at Fair Value

3. Residential Loans, at Fair Value

The Company’s acquired residential loans, including performing, re-performing and non-performing residential loans, and business purpose loans, are presented at fair value on its condensed consolidated balance sheets as a result of a fair value election. Subsequent changes in fair value are reported in current period earnings and presented in unrealized (losses) gains, net on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents the Company’s residential loans, at fair value, which consist of residential loans held by the Company, Consolidated SLST and other securitization trusts, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Residential loans (1)		Consolidated SLST (2)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts (3)		Total		Residential loans (1)		Consolidated SLST (2)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts (3)		Total
Principal	$	674,109	$	875,562	$	1,861,671	$	3,411,342	$	891,283	$	892,546	$	1,609,006	$	3,392,835
Discount	(11,060)		(7,673)		(64,304)		(83,037)		(22,667)		(7,418)		(55,709)		(85,794)
Unrealized losses	(22,320)		(129,763)		(73,117)		(225,200)		(41,081)		(130,268)		(51,389)		(222,738)
Carrying value	$	640,729	$	738,126	$	1,724,250	$	3,103,105	$	827,535	$	754,860	$	1,501,908	$	3,084,303

(1)Certain of the Company's residential loans, at fair value are pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (see Note 12).

(2)The Company invests in first loss subordinated securities and certain IOs issued by a Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization. In accordance with GAAP, the Company has consolidated the underlying seasoned re-performing and non-performing residential loans held in the securitization and the CDOs issued to permanently finance these residential loans, representing Consolidated SLST. Consolidated SLST CDOs are included in collateralized debt obligations on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 13).

(3)The Company's residential loans held in securitization trusts are pledged as collateral for CDOs issued by the Company. These CDOs are accounted for as financings and included in collateralized debt obligations on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 13).

The following table presents the unrealized gains (losses), net attributable to residential loans, at fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024						March 31, 2023
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST (1)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Residential loans		Consolidated SLST (1)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts
Unrealized gains (losses), net	$	283	$	506	$	(3,251)	$	(1,307)	$	15,807	$	30,554

(1)In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, the Company determines the fair value of the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST based on the fair value of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own, as the fair value of these instruments is more observable (see Note 16). See Note 7 for unrealized gains (losses), net recognized by the Company on its investment in Consolidated SLST, which include unrealized gains (losses) on the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST presented in the table above and unrealized gains (losses) on the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST.

The Company recognized $0.1 million and $2.0 million of net realized gains on the payoff of residential loans, at fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company also recognized $3.0 million of net realized losses on the sale of residential loans, at fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company did not recognize any gain or loss on the sale of residential loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the unpaid principal balance of residential loans, at fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are as follows:

	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts
California	20.5	%	10.7	%	19.2	%	22.4	%	10.7	%	18.4	%
Florida	13.9	%	10.1	%	12.8	%	15.5	%	10.3	%	11.0	%
New York	9.6	%	10.0	%	7.3	%	7.0	%	10.0	%	8.5	%
Texas	5.8	%	3.8	%	8.7	%	8.1	%	3.9	%	7.1	%
New Jersey	5.2	%	7.6	%	5.7	%	4.9	%	7.6	%	6.0	%
Illinois	3.1	%	7.2	%	3.4	%	3.0	%	7.2	%	3.5	%

The following table presents the fair value and aggregate unpaid principal balance of the Company's residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts in non-accrual status as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Greater than 90 days past due				Less than 90 days past due
	Fair Value		Unpaid Principal Balance		Fair Value		Unpaid Principal Balance
March 31, 2024	$	181,732	$	209,601	$	9,632	$	10,254
December 31, 2023	199,485		220,577		9,362		9,948

Formal foreclosure proceedings were in process with respect to residential loans with an aggregate fair value of $141.1 million and an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $166.4 million as of March 31, 2024.

Residential loans held in Consolidated SLST with an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $83.2 million and $84.6 million were 90 days or more delinquent as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. In addition, formal foreclosure proceedings were in process with respect to $33.5 million of residential loans held in Consolidated SLST as of March 31, 2024.

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Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value

4. Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value

The Company accounts for certain of its investment securities available for sale using the fair value election pursuant to ASC 825, where changes in fair value are recorded in unrealized gains (losses), net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company also had investment securities available for sale where the fair value option had not been elected, which we refer to as CECL Securities. CECL Securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The Company's investment securities available for sale consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value
			Gains		Losses						Gains		Losses
Fair Value Option
Agency RMBS
Fixed rate
Fannie Mae	$	1,152,811	$	10,475	$	(2,349)	$	1,160,937	$	1,084,702	$	15,902	$	(723)	$	1,099,881
Freddie Mac	862,267		3,915		(4,463)		861,719		676,436		5,679		(1,106)		681,009
Total Fixed rate	2,015,078		14,390		(6,812)		2,022,656		1,761,138		21,581		(1,829)		1,780,890
Adjustable rate
Fannie Mae	108,212		1,301		—		109,513		110,036		1,299		—		111,335
Freddie Mac	37,157		440		—		37,597		37,424		442		—		37,866
Total Adjustable rate	145,369		1,741		—		147,110		147,460		1,741		—		149,201
Interest-only
Ginnie Mae	62,222		—		(14,503)		47,719		52,623		6,813		(203)		59,233
Total Interest-only	62,222		—		(14,503)		47,719		52,623		6,813		(203)		59,233
Total Agency RMBS	2,222,669		16,131		(21,315)		2,217,485		1,961,221		30,135		(2,032)		1,989,324
Non-Agency RMBS	21,447		6,443		(4,035)		23,855		22,097		6,646		(4,281)		24,462
Total investment securities available for sale - fair value option	2,244,116		22,574		(25,350)		2,241,340		1,983,318		36,781		(6,313)		2,013,786
CECL Securities
Non-Agency RMBS	—		—		—		—		35		—		(4)		31
Total investment securities available for sale - CECL Securities	—		—		—		—		35		—		(4)		31
Total	$	2,244,116	$	22,574	$	(25,350)	$	2,241,340	$	1,983,353	$	36,781	$	(6,317)	$	2,013,817

Accrued interest receivable for investment securities available for sale in the amount of $11.0 million and $9.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, is included in other assets on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $33.2 million in net unrealized losses and $0.9 million in net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale accounted for under the fair value option, respectively.

The Company's investment securities available for sale pledged as collateral against interest rate swap agreements and repurchase agreements are included in investment securities available for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets with the fair value of securities pledged disclosed in Notes 10 and 12, respectively.

Realized Gain and Loss Activity

The Company did not sell investment securities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company recognized write-downs of non-Agency RMBS for a loss of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company did not recognize any write-downs for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Weighted Average Life

Actual maturities of our investment securities available for sale are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities (with contractual maturities up to 39 years), as they are affected by periodic payments and prepayments of principal on the underlying mortgages. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, based on management’s estimates, the weighted average life of the Company’s investment securities available for sale portfolio was approximately 6.0 years and 6.9 years, respectively.

The following table sets forth the weighted average lives of our investment securities available for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Weighted Average Life	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
0 to 5 years	$	374,823	$	283,554
Over 5 to 10 years	1,863,538		1,727,269
10+ years	2,979		2,994
Total	$	2,241,340	$	2,013,817

Unrealized Losses in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company had no CECL Securities as of March 31, 2024. The Company evaluated its CECL Securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023 and determined that no allowance for credit losses was necessary. The Company did not recognize credit losses for its CECL Securities through earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents the Company's CECL Securities in an unrealized loss position with no credit losses reported, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

December 31, 2023	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months				Total
	Carrying Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Carrying Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Carrying Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Non-Agency RMBS	$	—	$	—	$	31	$	(4)	$	31	$	(4)
Total	$	—	$	—	$	31	$	(4)	$	31	$	(4)

Credit risk associated with non-Agency RMBS is regularly assessed as new information regarding the underlying collateral becomes available and based on updated estimates of cash flows generated by the underlying collateral. In performing its assessment, the Company considers past and expected future performance of the underlying collateral, including timing of expected future cash flows, prepayment rates, default rates, loss severities, delinquency rates, current levels of subordination, volatility of the security's fair value, temporary declines in liquidity for the asset class and interest rate changes since purchase.

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Multi-family Loans, at Fair Value

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Multi-family Loans, at Fair Value

5. Multi-family Loans, at Fair Value

The Company's multi-family loans consisting of its preferred equity in, and mezzanine loans to, entities that have multi-family real estate assets are presented at fair value on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as a result of a fair value election. Accordingly, changes in fair value are presented in unrealized (losses) gains, net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Multi-family loans consist of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Investment amount	$	96,314	$	95,434
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(4,409)		358
Total, at Fair Value	$	91,905	95,792

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $4.8 million in net unrealized losses and $0.5 million in net unrealized gains on multi-family loans, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized no premiums resulting from early redemption of multi-family loans.

The table below presents the fair value and aggregate unpaid principal balance of the Company's multi-family loan in non-accrual status as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
Days Late	Fair Value (1)		Unpaid Principal Balance		Fair Value		Unpaid Principal Balance
90 +	$	—	$	3,363	$	4,753	$	3,363

(1)As of March 31, 2024, the Company reduced the fair value of the multi-family loan to zero as a result of recent developments with respect to the property, its financing and market conditions.

The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the total multi-family loan investment amounts as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are as follows:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Texas	32.7	%	32.6	%
Tennessee	15.3	%	15.2	%
Florida	10.6	%	10.5	%
Arkansas	9.5	%	9.5	%
Louisiana	7.7	%	7.5	%
Alabama	6.7	%	6.7	%
North Carolina	5.8	%	5.8	%
Indiana	5.2	%	5.3	%

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Equity Investments, at Fair Value

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Equity Investments, at Fair Value

6. Equity Investments, at Fair Value

The Company's equity investments consist of preferred equity ownership interests in entities that invest in multi-family properties where the risks and payment characteristics are equivalent to an equity investment (or multi-family preferred equity ownership interests), equity ownership interests in entities that originate residential loans (or single-family equity ownership interests) and joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties. The Company's equity investments are accounted for under the equity method and are presented at fair value on its condensed consolidated balance sheets as a result of a fair value election.

The following table presents the Company's equity investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Investment Name	Ownership Interest	Fair Value		Ownership Interest	Fair Value
Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
EHOF-NYMT Sunset Apartments Preferred, LLC	57%	$	20,129	57%	$	19,703
Lucie at Tradition Holdings, LLC	70%	19,955		70%	19,442
Syracuse Apartments and Townhomes, LLC	58%	22,055		58%	21,642
Hudson Bridge Apartments, LLC - Series A, Briar Hill Apartments, LLC, Kings Glen Apartments, LLC, Flagstone Apartments, LLC, Brookfield Apartments II, LLC - Series B, and Silber JBSM Properties, LLC (collectively)	58%	10,046		58%	9,882
Tides on 27th Investors, LLC	54%	18,577		54%	17,937
Rapid City RMI JV LLC	50%	10,046		50%	9,804
Palms at Cape Coral, LLC	—	—		34%	5,832
Total - Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests		100,808			104,242
Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties
GWR Cedars Partners, LLC	70%	277		70%	1,897
GWR Gateway Partners, LLC	70%	1,393		70%	3,823
Total - Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties		1,670			5,720
Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests
Constructive Loans, LLC (1)	50%	35,465		50%	37,154
Total - Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests		35,465			37,154
Total		$	137,943		$	147,116

(1)The Company purchased $40.8 million and $16.0 million of residential loans from this entity during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company records its equity in earnings or losses from its multi-family preferred equity ownership interests under the hypothetical liquidation of book value method of accounting due to the structures and the preferences it receives on the distributions from these entities pursuant to the respective agreements. Under this method, the Company recognizes income or loss in each period based on the change in liquidation proceeds it would receive from a hypothetical liquidation of its investment. Pursuant to the fair value election, changes in fair value of the Company's multi-family preferred equity ownership interests are reported in current period earnings.

The following table presents income from multi-family preferred equity ownership interests for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands). Income from these investments is presented in (loss) income from equity investments in the Company's accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Income from these investments during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 includes $0.1 million and $0.6 million of net unrealized gains, respectively.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Investment Name	2024		2023
EHOF-NYMT Sunset Apartments Preferred, LLC	$	679	$	625
Lucie at Tradition Holdings, LLC	757		684
Syracuse Apartments and Townhomes, LLC	705		654
Hudson Bridge Apartments, LLC - Series A, Briar Hill Apartments, LLC, Kings Glen Apartments, LLC, Flagstone Apartments, LLC, Brookfield Apartments II, LLC - Series B, and Silber JBSM Properties, LLC (collectively)	321		301
Tides on 27th Investors, LLC	641		797
Rapid City RMI JV LLC	431		—
Palms at Cape Coral, LLC	69		177
FF/RMI 20 Midtown, LLC	—		799
America Walks at Port St. Lucie, LLC	—		1,126
1122 Chicago DE, LLC	—		251
Bighaus, LLC	—		537
Total Income - Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests	$	3,603	$	5,951

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 the Company recognized $0.1 million in premiums resulting from early redemption of multi-family preferred equity ownership interests included in equity investments, which are included in other (loss) income on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 the Company recognized no premiums resulting from early redemption of multi-family preferred equity ownership interests included in equity investments.

Income from single-family equity ownership interests and joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties that are accounted for under the equity method using the fair value option is presented in (loss) income from equity investments in the Company's accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following table presents (loss) income from these investments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):    

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Investment Name	2024		2023
Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests
Constructive Loans, LLC (1)	$	(1,689)	$	(2,500)
Total Loss - Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests	$	(1,689)	$	(2,500)
Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties (2)
GWR Cedars Partners, LLC	$	(1,620)	$	413
GWR Gateway Partners, LLC	(2,430)		647
Total (Loss) Income - Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties	$	(4,050)	$	1,060

(1)Includes net unrealized losses of $2.2 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(2)During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company determined that these joint venture equity investments no longer met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and returned its equity investments in the joint venture entities to equity investments, at fair value (see Note 9). Includes net unrealized losses of $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and net unrealized gains of $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

XML

Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE)

Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE)

Financing VIEs

The Company uses SPEs to facilitate transactions that involve securitizing financial assets or re-securitizing previously securitized financial assets. The objective of such transactions may include obtaining non-recourse financing, obtaining liquidity or refinancing the underlying securitized financial assets on improved terms. Securitization involves transferring assets to an SPE to convert all or a portion of those assets into cash before they would have been realized in the normal course of business through the SPE’s issuance of debt or equity instruments. Investors in an SPE usually have recourse only to the assets in the SPE and depending on the overall structure of the transaction, may benefit from various forms of credit enhancement, such as over-collateralization in the form of excess assets in the SPE, priority with respect to receipt of cash flows relative to holders of other debt or equity instruments issued by the SPE, or a line of credit or other form of liquidity agreement that is designed with the objective of ensuring that investors receive principal and/or interest cash flow on the investment in accordance with the terms of their investment agreement.    

The Company has entered into financing transactions, including residential loan securitizations and re-securitizations, which required the Company to analyze and determine whether the SPEs that were created to facilitate the transactions are VIEs in accordance with ASC 810 and if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary requiring consolidation.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company completed two securitizations of certain residential loans for which the Company received net proceeds of approximately $497.0 million after deducting expenses associated with the securitization transactions. The Company engaged in these transactions for the purpose of obtaining non-recourse, longer-term financing on a portion of its residential loan portfolio. The residential loans serving as collateral for the financings are comprised of performing, re-performing and non-performing loans which are included in residential loans, at fair value on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company exercised its right to an optional redemption of one of its residential loan securitizations with an outstanding principal balance of $147.6 million at the time of redemption, returned the assets held by the trust to the Company and recognized $0.7 million of loss on the extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company evaluated its residential loan securitizations and concluded that the entities created to facilitate each of the financing transactions are VIEs and that the Company is the primary beneficiary of these VIEs (each a “Financing VIE” and collectively, the “Financing VIEs”). Accordingly, the Company consolidated the then-outstanding Financing VIEs as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Consolidated SLST

The Company invests in subordinated securities that represent the first loss position of the Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization from which they were issued and certain IOs issued from the securitization. The Company has evaluated its investments in this securitization trust to determine whether it is a VIE and if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary requiring consolidation. The Company has determined that the Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization trust, which we refer to as Consolidated SLST, is a VIE as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE within Consolidated SLST. Accordingly, the Company has consolidated the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of such VIE in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (see Notes 2, 3 and 13). The Company has elected the fair value option on the assets and liabilities held within Consolidated SLST, which requires that changes in valuations in the assets and liabilities of Consolidated SLST be reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Consolidated SLST securities owned by the Company had a fair value of $151.2 million and $157.2 million, respectively (see Note 16). The Company’s investments in Consolidated SLST securities were not included as collateral to any Financing VIE as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Consolidated Real Estate VIEs

The Company owns joint venture equity investments in entities that own multi-family apartment communities, which the Company determined to be VIEs and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidates the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of these VIEs in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements with non-controlling interests or redeemable non-controlling interests for the third-party ownership of the joint ventures' membership interests.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold its joint venture equity investment in a multi-family property, which resulted in the de-consolidation of the joint venture equity's assets and liabilities (see Note 9).

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company reconsidered its evaluation of its variable interest in a VIE that owned a multi-family apartment community and in which the Company held a preferred equity investment. The Company determined that it gained the power to direct the activities, and became primary beneficiary, of the VIE and consolidated this VIE into its condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company accounted for the initial consolidation of the Consolidated Real Estate VIEs in accordance with asset acquisition provisions of ASC 805, as substantially all of the fair value of the assets within the entities are concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets.

In analyzing whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of the Financing VIEs, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs, the Company considered its involvement in each of the VIEs, including the design and purpose of each VIE, and whether its involvement reflected a controlling financial interest that resulted in the Company being deemed the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. In determining whether the Company would be considered the primary beneficiary, the following factors were assessed:

•whether the Company has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE; and

•whether the Company has a right to receive benefits or absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE.

The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Financing VIEs		Other VIEs
	Residential Loan Securitizations		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	14,325	$	14,325
Residential loans, at fair value	1,724,250		738,126		—		2,462,376
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)	—		—		1,005,161		1,005,161
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		146,363		146,363
Other assets	166,374		2,905		31,679		200,958
Total assets	$	1,890,624	$	741,031	$	1,197,528	$	3,829,183
Collateralized debt obligations ($1,108,594 at amortized cost, net and $1,079,768 at fair value)	$	1,605,735	$	582,627	$	—	$	2,188,362
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3)	—		—		850,743		850,743
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		122,318		122,318
Other liabilities	9,909		5,897		15,163		30,969
Total liabilities	$	1,615,644	$	588,524	$	988,224	$	3,192,392
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)	$	—	$	—	$	20,128	$	20,128
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5)	$	—	$	—	$	13,825	$	13,825
Net investment (6)	$	274,980	$	152,507	$	175,351	$	602,838

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).

(3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.

(5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.

(6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.

The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Financing VIEs		Other VIEs
	Residential Loan Securitizations		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	15,612	$	15,612
Residential loans, at fair value	1,501,908		754,860		—		2,256,768
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)	—		—		979,934		979,934
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		426,017		426,017
Other assets	98,451		2,960		37,035		138,446
Total assets	$	1,600,359	$	757,820	$	1,458,598	$	3,816,777
Collateralized debt obligations ($1,276,780 at amortized cost, net and $593,737 at fair value)	$	1,276,780	$	593,737	$	—	$	1,870,517
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3)	—		—		784,421		784,421
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		386,024		386,024
Other liabilities	8,421		5,638		21,797		35,856
Total liabilities	$	1,285,201	$	599,375	$	1,192,242	$	3,076,818
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)	$	—	$	—	$	28,061	$	28,061
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5)	$	—	$	—	$	20,328	$	20,328
Net investment (6)	$	315,158	$	158,445	$	217,967	$	691,570

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).

(3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.

(5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.

(6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.

The following table presents condensed statements of operations for non-Company-sponsored VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands). The following table includes net (loss) income from assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale and intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024						2023
	Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Interest income	$	8,127	$	—	$	8,127	$	8,733	$	—	$	8,733
Interest expense	5,801		—		5,801		6,315		—		6,315
Total net interest income	2,326		—		2,326		2,418		—		2,418
Income from real estate	—		35,093		35,093		—		39,075		39,075
Expenses related to real estate	—		51,761		51,761		—		48,062		48,062
Total net loss from real estate	—		(16,668)		(16,668)		—		(8,987)		(8,987)
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(36)		—		(36)		2,299		—		2,299
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	—		2,518		2,518		—		(1,298)		(1,298)
Impairment of real estate	—		(32,214)		(32,214)		—		(10,275)		(10,275)
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	—		(14,636)		(14,636)		—		—		—
Other income	—		3		3		—		16		16
Total other (loss) income	(36)		(44,329)		(44,365)		2,299		(11,557)		(9,258)
Net income (loss)	2,290		(60,997)		(58,707)		4,717		(20,544)		(15,827)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	—		22,158		22,158		—		6,701		6,701
Net income (loss) attributable to Company	$	2,290	$	(38,839)	$	(36,549)	$	4,717	$	(13,843)	$	(9,126)

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs

The third-party owners of certain of the non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs have the ability to sell their ownership interests to the Company, at their election. The Company has classified these third-party ownership interests as redeemable non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs in mezzanine equity on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The holders of the redeemable non-controlling interests may elect to sell their ownership interests to the Company at fair value once a year and the sales are subject to annual minimum and maximum amount limitations.

The following table presents activity in redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	28,061	$	63,803
Contributions	39		—
Distributions	—		(3,950)
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	(14,400)		(5,501)
Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value (1)	6,428		—
Ending balance	$	20,128	$	54,352

(1)The Company determines the fair value of the redeemable non-controlling interest utilizing market assumptions and discounted cash flows. The Company applies a discount rate to the estimated future cash flows from the multi-family apartment properties held by the applicable Consolidated VIEs that are allocatable to the redeemable non-controlling interest. This fair value measurement is generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Significant unobservable inputs utilized in the estimation of fair value of redeemable non-controlling interest as of March 31, 2024 include a weighted average capitalization rate of 5.8% (ranges from 5.3% to 6.8%) and a weighted average discount rate of 14.9% (ranges from 13.9% to 15.6%).

Unconsolidated VIEs

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company evaluated its investment securities available for sale, preferred equity and other equity investments to determine whether they are VIEs and should be consolidated by the Company. Based on a number of factors, the Company determined that, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, it does not have a controlling financial interest and is not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs. The following tables present the classification and carrying value of unconsolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Multi-family loans		Investment securities available for sale, at fair value		Equity investments		Total
Non-Agency RMBS	$	—	$	23,855	$	—	$	23,855
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties	91,905		—		100,808		192,713
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties	—		—		1,670		1,670
Maximum exposure	$	91,905	$	23,855	$	102,478	$	218,238

	December 31, 2023
	Multi-family loans		Investment securities available for sale, at fair value		Equity investments		Total
Non-Agency RMBS	$	—	$	24,462	$	—	$	24,462
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties	95,792		—		104,242		200,034
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties	—		—		5,720		5,720
Maximum exposure	$	95,792	$	24,462	$	109,962	$	230,216

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Real Estate, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Real Estate [Abstract]

Real Estate, Net

8. Real Estate, Net

The following is a summary of real estate, net, collectively, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Land	$	133,522	$	137,883
Building and improvements	1,005,596		1,020,477
Furniture, fixture and equipment	41,792		38,706
Operating real estate	$	1,180,910	$	1,197,066
Accumulated depreciation	(74,229)		(65,247)
Operating real estate, net	$	1,106,681	$	1,131,819
Real estate held for sale, net (1)	$	47,540	$	—
Real estate, net (2)	$	1,154,221	$	1,131,819

(1)Real estate held for sale, net is recorded at the lower of the net carrying amount of the assets or the estimated fair value, net of selling costs. Includes one multi-family apartment property in a joint venture entity that owns several multi-family properties (and is not included in the repositioning referenced in (2) below) and certain single-family rental properties as of March 31, 2024.

(2)In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the real estate, net related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties is included in assets of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In December 2023 and March 2024, certain of the joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties were determined to no longer meet held for sale criteria and the associated real estate, net was reclassified to real estate, net on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the respective dates. See Note 9 for additional information.

Multi-family Apartment Properties

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company owned joint venture equity investments in entities that own multi-family apartment communities, which the Company determined to be VIEs and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the joint venture entities into its condensed consolidated financial statements (see Note 7). As of March 31, 2024, the Company determined that one of the multi-family apartment communities owned by an entity in which the Company holds a joint venture equity investment that is not in disposal group held for sale met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, transferred the property held by the joint venture entity from operating real estate to real estate held for sale and recognized no loss.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company became the primary beneficiary of a VIE that owns a multi-family apartment community and in which the Company holds a preferred equity investment. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the VIE into its consolidated financial statements (see Note 7).

The multi-family apartment communities generally lease their apartment units to individual tenants at market rates for the production of rental income. These apartment units are generally leased at a fixed monthly rate with no option for the lessee to purchase the leased unit at any point.

Operating real estate, net is periodically evaluated for impairment. As of March 31, 2024, the Company determined that four multi-family properties owned by joint venture equity investments were impaired. The calculation of impairment amounts utilized fair values that were estimated based upon discounted cash flow analyses using property financial information and assumptions regarding market rent, revenue and expense growth, capitalization rates and equity return rates. Accordingly, the Company recognized a $32.8 million impairment of real estate in the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Single-family Rental Properties

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company owned single-family rental homes. These units are leased to individual tenants for the production of rental income and are generally leased at a fixed monthly rate with no option for the lessee to purchase the leased unit at any point.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company determined that certain single-family rental properties met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, transferred the properties from operating real estate to real estate held for sale and recognized a $4.0 million loss included in impairment of real estate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold several single-family rental properties for proceeds of approximately $0.9 million, recognizing a net gain on sale of approximately $0.1 million which is included in other (loss) income on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Lease Intangibles

Intangibles related to multi-family properties consist of the value of in-place leases and are included in other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents the components of lease intangibles, net as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Lease intangibles	$	56,656	$	54,581
Accumulated amortization	(55,705)		(52,203)
Lease intangibles, net	$	951	$	2,378

In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the lease intangibles, net related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties are included in assets of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In December 2023 and March 2024, certain of the joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties were determined to no longer meet held for sale criteria and the associated lease intangibles, net were reclassified to other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 9 for additional information.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

The following table presents depreciation and amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Depreciation expense on operating real estate	$	11,149	$	6,039
Amortization of lease intangibles related to operating real estate	1,427		—
Total depreciation and amortization	$	12,576	$	6,039

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Assets and Liabilities of Disposal Group Held for Sale

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Assets and Liabilities of Disposal Group Held for Sale

9. Assets and Liabilities of Disposal Group Held for Sale

In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the Company determined that certain joint venture equity investments met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and transferred either the assets and liabilities of the respective Consolidated VIEs or its equity investment in the joint venture entity to assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale. In December 2023, the Company suspended the marketing of nine joint venture equity investments that were reported in assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale primarily due to unfavorable market conditions and a lack of transactional activity in the multi-family market. As such, the Company determined that these joint venture equity investments no longer met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and transferred either the assets and liabilities of the respective Consolidated VIEs or its equity investment in the joint venture entity to their respective categories or equity investments, at fair value, respectively, on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023.

In March 2024, the Company suspended the marketing of one additional joint venture equity investment, determined that it no longer met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and transferred the assets and liabilities of the Consolidated VIE to their respective categories on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024. As a result of this transfer, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the long-lived assets in the Consolidated VIE to the lower of the carrying amount before the assets were classified as held for sale adjusted for depreciation and amortization expense that would have been recognized had the assets been continuously classified as held and used and the fair value of the assets at the date of the transfer and recognized an approximately $14.6 million loss on reclassification of disposal group during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold its joint venture equity investment in a multi-family property, which resulted in the de-consolidation of the joint venture equity's assets and liabilities and a gain on de-consolidation of approximately $0.1 million, which is included in other (loss) income in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents the carrying values of the major classes of assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents (1)	$	2,615	$	5,676
Real estate, net (1)	138,984		407,834
Other assets (1)	4,764		12,507
Total assets of disposal group held for sale	$	146,363	$	426,017
Mortgages payable on real estate, net	$	119,640	$	378,386
Other liabilities	2,678		7,638
Total liabilities of disposal group held for sale (1)	$	122,318	$	386,024

(1)Certain assets and liabilities of the disposal group held for sale are in Consolidated VIEs because the Company is the primary beneficiary.

Also included in the disposal group held for sale are non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs in the amount of $1.7 million and $3.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Real estate, net included in assets of disposal group held for sale is recorded at the lower of the net carrying amount of the assets or the estimated fair value, net of selling costs. Fair value for real estate, net was based upon a discounted cash flow analysis using property financial information and assumptions regarding market rent, revenue and expense growth, capitalization rates and equity return rates. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value, net of selling costs of a multi-family property owned by one of the joint venture entities in which we hold an equity investment that had previously been impaired was more than the property's net carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recognized a $0.6 million recovery of value in the three months ended March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2023, the fair values, net of selling costs of multi-family properties owned by two of the joint venture entities in which we hold equity investments were less than the properties' net carrying values. Accordingly, the Company recognized an $11.1 million impairment in the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, the fair value, net of selling costs of a multi-family property owned by one of the joint venture entities in which we hold an equity investment that had previously been impaired was more than the property's net carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recognized a $0.8 million recovery of value in the three months ended March 31, 2023. Impairment on real estate, net of recovery of previously impaired real estate, is included in impairment of real estate on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. See Note 16 for descriptions of valuation methodologies utilized for other classes of assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale.

The following table presents the pretax losses of the disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group held for sale	$	651	$	(11,978)
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	(30)		670
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	621	$	(11,308)

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

10. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company enters into derivative financial instruments in connection with its risk management activities. These derivative instruments may include interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, credit default swaps, futures and options contracts such as options on credit default swap indices, equity index options, swaptions and options on futures. The Company may also pursue forward-settling purchases or sales of Agency RMBS where the underlying pools of mortgage loans are “To-Be-Announced,” or TBAs, purchase options on U.S. Treasury futures or invest in other types of mortgage derivative securities. The Company elected not to apply hedge accounting for its derivative instruments.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company and the entities that own multi-family properties in which the Company owns joint venture equity investments are required by lenders on certain repurchase agreement financing and variable-rate mortgages payable on real estate to enter into interest rate cap contracts that limit the indexed portion of the interest rate on the respective related financing to a strike rate based upon various SOFR tenors.

The Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge the variable cash flows associated with our variable-rate borrowings. Interest rate swaps generally involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty, based on SOFR, in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the interest rate swap without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in order to manage its position with regard to its liabilities, the Company may also enter into interest rate swaps which involve the receipt of fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable-rate payments, based on SOFR, over the life of the interest rate swap without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The variable rate the Company pays or receives under its swap agreements has the effect of offsetting the repricing characteristics and cash flows of the Company's financing arrangements.

The Company has equity index put options that give the Company the right to sell or buy the underlying index at a specified strike price, U.S. Treasury future contracts that obligate the Company to sell or buy U.S. Treasury securities for future delivery. The Company has purchased credit default swap index contracts under which a counterparty, in exchange for a premium, agrees to compensate the Company for the financial loss associated with the occurrence of a credit event in relation to a notional value of an index. The Company may also purchase credit default swap index options that allow the Company to enter into a fixed rate payor position in the underlying credit default swap index at the agreed strike level.

The following table summarizes the Company's derivative instruments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

		Fair Value
Type of Derivative Instrument	Consolidated Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Interest rate caps	Other assets	$	7,123	$	6,510
Options	Other assets	20		—
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	—		—
U.S. Treasury futures	Other assets	—		—
Total derivative assets (1)		$	7,143	$	6,510
Credit default swaps	Other liabilities	$	—	$	—
Total derivative liabilities		$	—	$	—

(1)Excludes interest rate cap contracts held by certain Consolidated VIEs included in other assets in disposal group held for sale.

The Company elects to net the fair value of its derivative contracts by counterparty when appropriate. These contracts contain legally enforceable provisions that allow for netting or setting off of all individual derivative receivables and payables with each counterparty and therefore, the fair values of those derivative contracts are reported net by counterparty. All of the Company’s interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and U.S. Treasury futures are cleared through two central clearing houses, CME Group Inc. ("CME Clearing"), which is the parent company of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc., or the Intercontinental Exchange ("ICE"). CME Clearing and ICE serve as the counterparty to every cleared transaction, becoming the buyer to each seller and the seller to each buyer, limiting the credit risk by guaranteeing the financial performance of both parties and netting down exposures. The Company also exchanges variation margin based upon daily changes in fair value, as measured by CME Clearing and ICE. The exchange of variation margin is treated as a legal settlement of the exposure under these contracts, as opposed to pledged collateral. Accordingly, the Company accounts for the receipt or payment of variation margin as a direct reduction to or increase in the carrying value of the related asset or liability.

The following tables present a reconciliation of gross derivative assets and liabilities to net amounts presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets		Variation Margin		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets
Derivative assets
Interest rate caps	$	7,123	$	—	$	—	$	7,123
Options	20		—		—		20
Interest rate swaps	30,879		(14,617)		(16,262)		—
U.S. Treasury futures	26		(3)		(23)		—
Total derivative assets	$	38,048	$	(14,620)	$	(16,285)	$	7,143
Derivative liabilities
Credit default swaps	$	(9,268)	$	—	$	9,268	$	—
Interest rate swaps	(14,617)		14,617		—		—
U.S. Treasury futures	(3)		3		—		—
Total derivative liabilities	$	(23,888)	$	14,620	$	9,268	$	—

	December 31, 2023
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets		Variation Margin		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets
Derivative assets
Interest rate caps	$	6,510	$	—	$	—	$	6,510
Interest rate swaps	13,094		(13,094)		—		—
Total derivative assets	$	19,604	$	(13,094)	$	—	$	6,510
Derivative liabilities
Interest rate swaps	$	(40,541)	$	13,094	$	27,447	$	—
Total derivative liabilities	$	(40,541)	$	13,094	$	27,447	$	—

The use of derivatives exposes the Company to counterparty credit risks in the event of a default by a counterparty. If a counterparty defaults under the applicable derivative agreement, the Company may be unable to collect payments to which it is entitled under its derivative agreements and may have difficulty collecting the assets it pledged as collateral against such derivatives.

The Company is required to post an initial margin amount for its interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, and U.S. Treasury futures determined by CME Clearing and ICE, which is generally intended to be set at a level sufficient to protect the exchange from the derivative financial instrument’s maximum estimated single-day price movement. The following table summarizes assets pledged as initial margin as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Initial Margin Collateral	Consolidated Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Agency RMBS	Investment securities available for sale, at fair value	$	35,020	$	—
Restricted cash	Other assets	31,620		53,458
Total initial margin collateral		$	66,640	$	53,458

Margin excess related to settlement of variation margin in the amount of approximately $8.0 million and $1.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, is included in other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Margin deficit related to settlement of variation margin in the amount of approximately $6.2 million as of March 31, 2024 is included in other liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The tables below summarize the activity of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Notional Amount For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Type of Derivative Instrument	December 31, 2023		Additions		Terminations		March 31, 2024
Interest rate caps	$	550,025	$	148,044	$	(161,165)	$	536,904
Options	—		202		(102)		100
Interest rate swaps	2,778,015		904,180		(305,450)		3,376,745
Credit default swaps	—		400,000		—		400,000
U.S. Treasury futures	—		280,750		(255,450)		25,300

	Notional Amount For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Type of Derivative Instrument	December 31, 2022	Additions	Terminations	March 31, 2023
Options	—	500,053	—	500,053
Interest rate swaps	—	341,300	—	341,300

The following tables present the components of realized gains (losses), net and unrealized gains (losses), net related to our derivative instruments that were not designated as hedging instruments, which are included in gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024				March 31, 2023
Type of Derivative Instrument	Realized Gains (Losses)		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Realized Gains (Losses)		Unrealized Gains (Losses)
Interest rate caps (1)	$	—	$	2,806	$	—	$	(1,455)
Options	(211)		(509)		—		(420)
Interest rate swaps	5,230		43,709		—		(2,487)
Credit default swaps	(1,011)		(995)		—		—
U.S. Treasury futures	169		23		—		—
Total	$	4,177	$	45,034	$	—	$	(4,362)

(1)Includes interest rate caps held by certain Consolidated VIEs included in other assets in disposal group held for sale.

The following table presents information about our interest rate cap contracts related to certain repurchase agreement financing and variable-rate mortgages payable on real estate that are not included in disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

March 31, 2024
Financing Type	Weighted Average SOFR Strike Price		SOFR Strike Price/Range		Notional Amount		Expiration Date/Range
Repurchase agreement	4.10	%	4.10	%	$	111,000	November 17, 2024
Mortgages payable on real estate	2.43	%	1.50% - 3.22%		425,904		April 1, 2024 - January 15, 2025

December 31, 2023
Financing Type	Weighted Average SOFR Strike Price		SOFR Strike Price/Range		Notional Amount		Expiration Date/Range
Repurchase agreement	4.10	%	4.10	%	$	111,000	November 17, 2024
Mortgages payable on real estate	2.13	%	1.50% - 3.22%		439,025		January 9, 2024 - January 15, 2025

The following table presents information about our interest rate swaps whereby we receive floating rate payments in exchange for fixed rate payments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2025	$	1,426,370	4.62	%	5.38	%
2026	323,985		4.19	%	5.36	%
2027	218,090		3.96	%	5.33	%
2028	674,804		4.03	%	5.39	%
2029	105,580		3.80	%	5.33	%
2033	358,806		4.04	%	5.38	%
2034	46,060		3.79	%	5.33	%
Total	$	3,153,695	4.30	%	5.38	%

	December 31, 2023
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2025	$	1,476,370	4.62	%	5.33	%
2026	214,985		4.19	%	5.33	%
2028	674,804		4.03	%	5.35	%
2033	358,806		4.04	%	5.34	%
Total	$	2,724,965	4.36	%	5.34	%

The following table presents information about our interest rate swaps whereby we receive fixed rate payments in exchange for floating rate payments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2026	$	109,000	4.08	%	5.34	%
2027	61,000		3.79	%	5.34	%
2028	9,550		3.48	%	5.35	%
2033	43,500		3.64	%	5.38	%
Total	$	223,050	3.89	%	5.35	%

	December 31, 2023
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2028	$	9,550	3.48	%	5.29	%
2033	43,500		3.64	%	5.33	%
Total	$	53,050	3.61	%	5.33	%

Certain of the Company’s derivative contracts are subject to International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreements or other similar agreements which may contain provisions that grant counterparties certain rights with respect to the applicable agreement upon the occurrence of certain events, including a decline in the Company's stockholders’ equity (as defined in the respective agreements) in excess of specified thresholds or dollar amounts over set periods of time, the Company’s failure to maintain its REIT status, the Company’s failure to comply with limits on the amount of leverage and the Company’s stock being delisted from Nasdaq.

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Other Assets and Other Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Offsetting [Abstract]

Other Assets and Other Liabilities

11. Other Assets and Other Liabilities

Other Assets

The following table presents the components of the Company's other assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Restricted cash (1)	$	163,792	$	143,535
Real estate owned	41,397		34,353
Accrued interest receivable	39,936		37,312
Other assets in consolidated multi-family properties	24,321		28,923
Recoverable advances on residential loans	18,093		18,328
Other receivables	16,781		12,593
Collections receivable from residential loan servicers	16,732		14,956
Derivative assets (2)	7,143		6,510
Operating lease right-of-use assets	6,308		6,581
Deferred tax assets	4,162		4,510
Lease intangibles, net in consolidated multi-family properties	951		2,378
Other	5,383		5,378
Total	$	344,999	$	315,357

(1)Restricted cash represents cash held by third parties, initial margin for derivative contracts and cash held by the Company's securitization trusts.

(2)Includes derivative assets held in consolidated multi-family properties.

Other Liabilities

The following table presents the components of the Company's other liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Dividends and dividend equivalents payable	$	30,101	$	32,151
Accrued interest payable	27,836		23,653
Accrued expenses and other liabilities in consolidated multi-family properties	15,163		21,797
Operating lease liabilities	6,823		7,102
Accrued expenses	6,303		11,515
Swap margin payable	6,193		—
Deferred revenue	5,220		5,469
Advanced remittances from residential loan servicers	4,999		4,332
Unfunded commitments for residential and multi-family investments	3,701		6,587
Deferred tax liabilities	1,391		2,012
Other	3,021		3,398
Total	$	110,751	$	118,016

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Repurchase Agreements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Carrying Value of Federal Funds Sold, Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell, and Deposits Paid for Securities Borrowed [Abstract]

Repurchase Agreements

12. Repurchase Agreements

The following table presents the carrying value of the Company's repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Repurchase Agreements Secured By:	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Investment securities	$	2,057,361	$	1,862,063
Residential loans and real estate owned	380,641		534,754
Single-family rental properties	74,006		74,296
Total carrying value	$	2,512,008	$	2,471,113

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had repurchase agreement exposure where the amount at risk was in excess of 5% of the Company's stockholders’ equity with Atlas SP and Bank of America at 6.39% and 5.02%, respectively. The amount at risk is defined as the fair value of assets pledged as collateral to the financing arrangement in excess of the financing arrangement liability.

The financings under certain of our repurchase agreements are subject to margin calls to the extent the market value of the collateral subject to the repurchase agreement falls below specified levels and repurchase may be accelerated upon an event of default under the repurchase agreements. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had assets available to be posted as margin which included liquid assets, such as unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, and unencumbered securities that could be monetized to pay down or collateralize the liability immediately. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $212.6 million included in cash and cash equivalents and $151.1 million in unencumbered investment securities available to meet additional haircuts or market valuation requirements. The following table presents information about the Company's unencumbered securities at March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Unencumbered Securities	March 31, 2024
Agency RMBS	$	85,101
Non-Agency RMBS (1) (2)	65,972
Total	$	151,073

(1)Includes IOs in Consolidated SLST with a fair value of $16.2 million as of March 31, 2024. Consolidated SLST securities owned by the Company are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

(2)Includes CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations with a fair value of $26.0 million as of March 31, 2024. Repurchased CDOs are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

The Company also had unencumbered residential loans with a fair value of $186.8 million at March 31, 2024.

Residential Loans, Real Estate Owned and Single-family Rental Properties

The Company has repurchase agreements with five financial institutions to finance residential loans, real estate owned and single-family rental properties. The following table presents detailed information about the Company’s financings under these repurchase agreements and associated assets pledged as collateral at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Maximum Aggregate Uncommitted Principal Amount		Outstanding Repurchase Agreements (1)		Net Deferred Finance Costs (2)		Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements		Carrying Value of Assets Pledged (3)		Weighted Average Rate		Weighted Average Months to Maturity (4)
March 31, 2024	$	2,225,000	$	456,038	$	(1,391)	$	454,647	$	607,904	7.91	%	12.82
December 31, 2023	$	2,225,000	$	611,055	$	(2,005)	$	609,050	$	805,082	7.87	%	13.89

(1)Includes non-mark-to-market repurchase agreements with an aggregate outstanding balance of $103.0 million, a weighted average rate of 8.12%, and weighted average months to maturity of 12 months as of March 31, 2024. Includes non-mark-to-market repurchase agreements with an aggregate outstanding balance of $179.1 million, a weighted average rate of 8.19%, and weighted average months to maturity of 14 months as of December 31, 2023.

(2)Costs related to the repurchase agreements, which include commitment, underwriting, legal, accounting and other fees, are reflected as deferred charges. Such costs are presented as a deduction from the corresponding debt liability on the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method, or straight line-method, if the result is not materially different.

(3)Includes residential loans and real estate owned with an aggregate fair value of $466.5 million and single-family rental properties with a net carrying value of $141.4 million as of March 31, 2024. Includes residential loans with an aggregate fair value of $658.3 million and single-family rental properties with a net carrying value of $146.7 million as of December 31, 2023.

(4)The Company expects to roll outstanding amounts under these repurchase agreements into new repurchase agreements or other financings, or to repay outstanding amounts, prior to or at maturity.

During the terms of the repurchase agreements, proceeds from the residential loans will be applied to pay any price differential and to reduce the aggregate repurchase price of the collateral. The financings under the repurchase agreements with two of the counterparties with an aggregate outstanding balance of $353.1 million as of March 31, 2024 are subject to margin calls to the extent the market value of the collateral falls below specified levels and repurchase may be accelerated upon an event of default under the repurchase agreements.

The Company’s accrued interest payable on outstanding repurchase agreements secured by residential loans, real estate owned and single-family rental properties at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 amounted to $2.9 million and $3.7 million, respectively, and is included in other liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company, as required by a repurchase agreement with one counterparty, has entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the indexed portion of the interest rate on the related repurchase agreement to a fixed rate (see Note 10).

As of March 31, 2024, the Company's repurchase agreements contain various covenants, including among other things, the maintenance of certain amounts of liquidity and total stockholders' equity as defined in the respective agreements. The Company is in compliance with such covenants as of March 31, 2024 and through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Investment Securities

The Company has entered into repurchase agreements with financial institutions to finance certain investment securities available for sale, securities owned in Consolidated SLST and CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations. These repurchase agreements provide short-term financing that bear interest rates typically based on a spread to SOFR and are secured by the investment securities which they finance and additional collateral pledged, if any. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had amounts outstanding under repurchase agreements with seven counterparties.

The following table presents detailed information about the amounts outstanding under the Company’s repurchase agreements secured by investment securities and associated assets pledged as collateral at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Outstanding Repurchase Agreements		Fair Value of Collateral Pledged		Amortized Cost of Collateral Pledged		Outstanding Repurchase Agreements		Fair Value of Collateral Pledged		Amortized Cost of Collateral Pledged
Agency RMBS	$	1,991,485	$	2,097,364	$	2,098,851	$	1,771,436	$	1,894,052	$	1,869,415
Non-Agency RMBS (1) (2)	65,876		141,967		191,810		90,627		182,383		232,997
Balance at end of the period	$	2,057,361	$	2,239,331	$	2,290,661	$	1,862,063	$	2,076,435	$	2,102,412

(1)Includes first loss subordinated securities in Consolidated SLST with a fair value of $135.1 million and $140.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Consolidated SLST securities owned by the Company are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

(2)Includes CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations with a fair value of $6.9 million and $42.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Amounts included in amortized cost of collateral pledged for repurchased CDOs represent the current par value of the securities. Repurchased CDOs are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding balances under our repurchase agreements secured by investment securities were funded at a weighted average advance rate of 93.7% and 93.4%, respectively, that implies an average "haircut" of 6.3% and 6.6%, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, the weighted average "haircut" related to our repurchase agreement financing for our Agency RMBS and non-Agency RMBS was approximately 4.7% and 56.5%, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the average days to maturity for repurchase agreements secured by investment securities were 40 days and 46 days, respectively, and the weighted average interest rates were 5.55% and 5.66%, respectively. The Company’s accrued interest payable on outstanding repurchase agreements secured by investment securities at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 amounted to $16.8 million and $13.6 million, respectively, and is included in other liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents contractual maturity information about the Company’s outstanding repurchase agreements secured by investment securities at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Contractual Maturity	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Within 30 days	$	667,429	$	505,446
Over 30 days to 90 days	1,389,932		1,263,000
Over 90 days	—		93,617
Total	$	2,057,361	$	1,862,063

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Collateralized Debt Obligations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Collateralized Debt Obligations

13. Collateralized Debt Obligations

The Company's collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, are accounted for as financings and are non-recourse debt to the Company. See Note 7 for further discussion regarding the collateral pledged for the Company's CDOs as well as the Company's net investments in the related securitizations.

The following tables present a summary of the Company's CDOs as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Outstanding Face Amount		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Interest Rate (1) (2)		Stated Maturity (3)
Consolidated SLST at fair value (4)	$	640,426	$	582,627	2.75	%	2059
Residential loan securitizations at fair value (4)	528,534		497,141		5.28	%	2029 - 2068
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost	1,123,696		1,108,594		3.73	%	2026 - 2062
Total collateralized debt obligations	$	2,292,656	$	2,188,362

	December 31, 2023
	Outstanding Face Amount		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Interest Rate (1)		Stated Maturity (3)
Consolidated SLST at fair value (4)	$	652,933	$	593,737	2.75	%	2059
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost	1,292,015		1,276,780		4.00	%	2026 - 2062
Total collateralized debt obligations	$	1,944,948	$	1,870,517

(1)Weighted average interest rate is calculated using the outstanding face amount and stated interest rate of notes issued by the securitization and not owned by the Company.

(2)Certain of the Company's CDOs contain interest rate step-up features whereby the interest rate increases if the outstanding notes are not redeemed by expected redemption dates, as defined in the respective governing documents. The following table presents a summary of CDO interest rate step-up features as of March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Outstanding Balance		Step-Up	Step-Up Date	Additional Step-Up	Additional Step-Up Date
$	389,685	3.00%	August 2024 - July 2025	1.00%	August 2025 - July 2026
$	721,455	1.00%, 1.50%, or 2.00%	May 2024 - December 2026	N/A	N/A

(3)The actual maturity of the Company's CDOs are primarily determined by the rate of principal prepayments on the assets of the issuing entity. The CDOs are also subject to redemption prior to the stated maturity according to the terms of the respective governing documents. As a result, the actual maturity of the CDOs may occur earlier than the stated maturity.

(4)The Company has elected the fair value option for CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST and issued by residential loan securitizations completed after January 1, 2024 (see Note 16).

The Company's CDOs as of March 31, 2024 had stated maturities as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Total
2024	$	—
2025	—
2026	45,738
2027	222,888
2028	—
Thereafter	2,024,030
Total	$	2,292,656

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

14. Debt

Senior Unsecured Notes    

On April 27, 2021, the Company completed the issuance and sale to various qualified institutional investors of $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of its unregistered 5.75% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "Unregistered Notes") in a private placement offering at 100% of the principal amount. The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Unregistered Notes, after deducting offering expenses, were approximately $96.3 million. Subsequent to the issuance of the Unregistered Notes, the Company conducted an exchange offer wherein the Company exchanged its registered 5.75% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "Registered Notes" and, together with the aggregate principal amount of Unregistered Notes that remain outstanding, the "Senior Unsecured Notes") for an equal principal amount of Unregistered Notes.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of its Senior Unsecured Notes outstanding. Costs related to the issuance of the Senior Unsecured Notes which include underwriting, legal, accounting and other fees, are reflected as deferred charges. The deferred charges, net of amortization, are presented as a deduction from the corresponding debt liability on the Company's accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets in the amount of $1.7 million and $1.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The deferred charges are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method, resulting in a total cost to the Company of approximately 6.64%.     

The Senior Unsecured Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.75% per year, subject to adjustment from time to time based on changes in the ratings of the Senior Unsecured Notes by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (a “NRSRO”). The annual interest rate on the Senior Unsecured Notes will increase by (i) 0.50% per year beginning on the first day of any six-month interest period if as of such day the Senior Unsecured Notes have a rating of BB+ or below and above B+ from any NRSRO and (ii) 0.75% per year beginning on the first day of any six-month interest period if as of such day the Senior Unsecured Notes have a rating of B+ or below or no rating from any NRSRO. Interest on the Senior Unsecured Notes is paid semi-annually in arrears on April 30 and October 30 of each year and the Senior Unsecured Notes will mature on April 30, 2026.

The Company had the right to redeem the Senior Unsecured Notes, in whole or in part, at any time prior to April 30, 2023 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Unsecured Notes to be redeemed, plus the applicable "make-whole" premium, plus accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. The "make-whole" premium was equal to the present value of all interest that would have accrued between the redemption date and up to, but excluding, April 30, 2023, plus an amount equal to the principal amount of such Senior Unsecured Notes multiplied by 2.875%. After April 30, 2023, the Company has the right to redeem the Senior Unsecured Notes, in whole or in part, at 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Unsecured Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, plus an amount equal to the principal amount of such Senior Unsecured Notes multiplied by a date-dependent multiple as detailed in the following table:

Redemption Period	Multiple
April 30, 2023 - April 29, 2024	2.875	%
April 30, 2024 - April 29, 2025	1.4375	%
April 30, 2025 - April 29, 2026	—

The Company did not exercise its redemption right prior to April 30, 2024. No sinking fund is provided for the Senior Unsecured Notes. The Senior Unsecured Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company that are structurally subordinated in right of payment to the Company's subordinated debentures.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company's Senior Unsecured Notes contain various covenants including the maintenance of a minimum net asset value, ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured indebtedness and senior debt service coverage ratio and limit the amount of leverage the Company may utilize and its ability to transfer the Company’s assets substantially as an entirety or merge into or consolidate with another person. The Company is in compliance with such covenants as of March 31, 2024 and through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Subordinated Debentures

Subordinated debentures are trust preferred securities that are fully guaranteed by the Company with respect to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation, redemption or repayment. Prior to July 2023, each of the Company's subordinated debentures incurred interest at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus an applicable spread, resetting quarterly. In light of the cessation of the publication of three-month LIBOR after June 30, 2023, and pursuant to the terms of each of the Company's subordinated debentures, as of March 31, 2024, the floating rate for each of the Company's subordinated debentures is equal to three-month CME Term SOFR plus both a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% per annum and the applicable spread.

The following table summarizes the key details of the Company’s subordinated debentures as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

	NYM Preferred Trust I		NYM Preferred Trust II
Principal value of trust preferred securities	$	25,000	$	20,000
Interest rate	Three-month CME Term SOFR plus tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% plus 3.75%, resetting quarterly		Three-month CME Term SOFR plus tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% plus 3.95%, resetting quarterly
Scheduled maturity	March 30, 2035		October 30, 2035

As of May 3, 2024, the Company has not been notified, and is not aware, of any event of default under the indenture for the subordinated debentures.

Mortgages Payable on Real Estate

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company owned joint venture equity investments in entities that own multi-family apartment communities, which the Company determined to be VIEs and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company also owned a preferred equity investment in a VIE that owns a multi-family apartment community and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the respective VIEs into its condensed consolidated financial statements (see Note 7).

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, one joint venture equity investment entered into a debt restructuring agreement with the senior lender for its mortgage payable. As part of the agreement, the required strike price of the interest rate cap agreement related to the mortgage payable increased and a portion of interest payments will be deferred until the maturity date. The restructuring did not result in a change in the carrying amount of the mortgage payable and no gain was recorded.

The consolidated multi-family apartment communities are subject to mortgages payable collateralized by the associated real estate assets. The Company has no obligation for repayment of the mortgages payable but, with respect to certain of the mortgages payable, it may execute a guaranty related to commitment of bad acts. The following table presents detailed information for these mortgages payable on real estate as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Maximum Committed Mortgage Principal Amount		Outstanding Mortgage Balance		Net Deferred Finance Cost		Mortgage Payable, Net (1)		Stated Maturity	Weighted Average Interest Rate (2) (3)
March 31, 2024	$	879,354	$	855,217	$	(4,474)	$	850,743	2024 - 2032	6.57	%
December 31, 2023	810,047		789,053		(4,632)		784,421		2024 - 2032	6.41	%

(1)In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, mortgages payable on real estate related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties are included in liabilities of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In December 2023 and March 2024, certain of the joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties were determined to no longer meet held for sale criteria and the associated mortgages payable on real estate are included in mortgages payable on real estate, net on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the respective dates. See Note 9 for additional information.

(2)Weighted average interest rate is calculated using the outstanding mortgage balance and interest rate as of the date indicated.

(3)For variable-rate mortgages payable, the applicable entities, as required by loan agreements, entered into interest rate cap contracts with counterparties that limit the indexed portion of the interest rate to a fixed rate. See Note 10 for additional information.

Debt Maturities

As of March 31, 2024, maturities for debt on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,	Outstanding Balance
2024	$	53,615
2025	386,175
2026	126,595
2027	—
2028	—
2029	244,796
Thereafter	189,036
	$	1,000,217

XML

Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Outstanding Litigation

The Company is at times subject to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2024, the Company does not believe that any of its current legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations, financial condition or cash flows.

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

16. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company has established and documented processes for determining fair values. Fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If listed prices or quotes are not available, then fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use inputs that are market-based or independently-sourced market parameters, including interest rate yield curves.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 - inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following describes the valuation methodologies used for the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

a.Residential Loans Held in Consolidated SLST – Residential loans held in Consolidated SLST are carried at fair value and classified as Level 3 fair values. In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, the Company determines the fair value of residential loans held in Consolidated SLST based on the fair value of the CDOs issued by the securitization and its investment in the securitization (eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP), as the fair value of these instruments is more observable.

The investment securities (eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP) that we own in the securitization are generally illiquid and trade infrequently. As such, they are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair valuation of these investment securities is determined based on an internal valuation model that considers expected cash flows from the underlying loans and yields required by market participants. The significant unobservable inputs used in the measurement of these investments are projected losses within the pool of loans and a discount rate. The discount rate used in determining fair value incorporates default rate, loss severity, prepayment rate and current market interest rates. Significant increases or decreases in these inputs would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.

b.Residential Loans and Residential Loans Held in Securitization Trusts – The Company’s acquired residential loans are recorded at fair value and classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value for residential loans is determined using valuations obtained from a third party that specializes in providing valuations of residential loans. The valuation approach depends on whether the residential loan is considered performing, re-performing or non-performing at the date the valuation is performed.

For performing and re-performing loans, estimates of fair value are derived using a discounted cash flow model, where estimates of cash flows are determined from scheduled payments for each loan, adjusted using forecast prepayment rates, default rates and rates for loss upon default. For non-performing loans, asset liquidation cash flows are derived based on the estimated time to liquidate the loan, expected liquidation costs and home price appreciation. Estimated cash flows for both performing and non-performing loans are discounted at yields considered appropriate to arrive at a reasonable exit price for the asset. Indications of loan value such as actual trades, bids, offers and generic market color may be used in determining the appropriate discount yield.

The Company independently calculates valuations for residential loans based on discounted cash flows using an internal pricing model to validate all third party valuations of residential loans. The Company has established thresholds to compare internally generated prices with independent third-party prices and any differences that exceed the thresholds are reviewed both internally and with the third-party pricing service. The Company reconciles and resolves all pricing differences in excess of the thresholds before a final price is established.

c.Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Loan Investments – Fair value for preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments is determined by both market comparable pricing and discounted cash flows. The discounted cash flows are based on the underlying estimated cash flows and estimated changes in market yields. The fair value also reflects consideration of changes in credit risk since origination or time of initial investment. This fair value measurement is generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

d.Investment Securities Available for Sale – The Company determines the fair value of all of its investment securities available for sale based on discounted cash flows utilizing an internal pricing model. The methodology considers the characteristics of the particular security and its underlying collateral, which are observable inputs. These inputs include, but are not limited to, delinquency status, coupon, loan-to-value ("LTV"), historical performance, periodic and life caps, collateral type, rate reset period, seasoning, prepayment speeds and credit enhancement levels. The Company also considers several observable market data points, including prices obtained from third-party pricing services or dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments, trading activity, and dialogue with market participants. Third-party pricing services typically incorporate commonly used market pricing methods, trading activity observed in the marketplace and other data inputs similar to those used in the Company's internal pricing model. The Company has established thresholds to compare internally generated prices with independent third-party prices and any differences that exceed the thresholds are reviewed both internally and with the third-party pricing service. The Company reconciles and resolves all pricing differences in excess of the thresholds before a final price is established. The Company’s investment securities available for sale are valued based upon readily observable market parameters and are classified as Level 2 fair values.

e.Equity Investments – Fair value for equity investments is determined (i) by the valuation process for preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments as described in c. above or (ii) using weighted multiples of origination volume and earnings before taxes, depreciation and amortization of the entity and the net asset value ("NAV") of the equity investment entity. These fair value measurements are generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

f.Derivative Instruments – The fair values of the Company's interest rate cap agreements are measured using models developed by either third-party pricing providers or the respective counterparty that use the market-standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts which would occur if floating interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The floating interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the interest rate caps are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. The inputs used in the valuation of interest rate caps fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company's interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and U.S. Treasury futures are classified as Level 2 fair values and are measured using valuations reported by the respective central clearing houses. The derivatives are presented net of variation margin payments pledged or received.

The Company's options are classified as Level 2 fair values and are measured using prices obtained from the counterparty.

The Company obtains additional third-party valuations for interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, U.S. Treasury futures, interest rate cap agreements and option contracts. The Company has established thresholds to compare different independent third-party prices and any differences that exceed the thresholds are reviewed both internally and with the third-party pricing services. The Company reconciles and resolves all pricing differences in excess of the thresholds before a final price is established.

g.Collateralized Debt Obligations – CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST are classified as Level 3 fair values for which fair value is determined by considering several market data points, including prices obtained from third-party pricing services or dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments. The third-party pricing service or dealers incorporate common market pricing methods, including a spread measurement to the Treasury curve or interest rate swap curve as well as underlying characteristics of the particular security. They will also consider contractual cash payments and yields expected by market participants.

Refer to a. above for a description of the fair valuation of CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST that are eliminated in consolidation.

Fair value for CDOs issued by the Company's residential loan securitizations is determined by the valuation process for investment securities available for sale as described in d. above and, as such, are classified as Level 2 fair values.

Management reviews all prices used in determining fair value to ensure they represent current market conditions. This review includes surveying similar market transactions and comparisons to interest pricing models as well as offerings of like securities by dealers. Any changes to the valuation methodology are reviewed by management to ensure the changes are appropriate. As markets and products develop and the pricing for certain products becomes more transparent, the Company continues to refine its valuation methodologies. The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies, or assumptions, to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. The Company uses inputs that are current as of each reporting date, which may include periods of market dislocation, during which time price transparency may be reduced. This condition could cause the Company’s financial instruments to be reclassified from Level 2 to Level 3 in future periods.

The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis at
	March 31, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans:
Residential loans	$	—	$	—	$	640,729	$	640,729	$	—	$	—	$	827,535	$	827,535
Consolidated SLST	—		—		738,126		738,126		—		—		754,860		754,860
Residential loans held in securitization trusts	—		—		1,724,250		1,724,250		—		—		1,501,908		1,501,908
Investment securities available for sale:
Agency RMBS	—		2,217,485		—		2,217,485		—		1,989,324		—		1,989,324
Non-Agency RMBS	—		23,855		—		23,855		—		24,493		—		24,493
Multi-family loans	—		—		91,905		91,905		—		—		95,792		95,792
Equity investments	—		—		137,943		137,943		—		—		147,116		147,116
Derivative assets:
Interest rate caps (1) (2)	—		7,123		—		7,123		—		6,510		—		6,510
Options (2)	—		20		—		20		—		—		—		—
Interest rate swaps (2) (4)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
U.S. Treasury futures (2) (4)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Assets of disposal group held for sale (3)	—		740		—		740		—		2,960		—		2,960
Total	$	—	$	2,249,223	$	3,332,953	$	5,582,176	$	—	$	2,023,287	$	3,327,211	$	5,350,498
Liabilities carried at fair value
CDOs:
Consolidated SLST	$	—	$	—	$	582,627	$	582,627	$	—	$	—	$	593,737	$	593,737
Residential loan securitizations	—		497,141		—		497,141		—		—		—		—
Derivative liabilities:
Credit default swaps (2) (4)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	497,141	$	582,627	$	1,079,768	$	—	$	—	$	593,737	$	593,737

(1)Excludes assets of disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).

(2)Included in other assets or other liabilities, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(3)Includes derivative assets classified as Level 2 instruments in the amount of $0.7 million and $3.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(4)All of the Company’s interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and U.S. Treasury futures outstanding are cleared through central clearing houses. The Company exchanges variation margin for the derivative instruments based upon daily changes in fair value. Includes derivative assets of $30.9 million and derivative liabilities of $23.9 million netted against a net variation margin of $7.0 million as of March 31, 2024. Includes derivative liabilities of $40.5 million netted against derivative assets of $13.1 million and a variation margin of $27.4 million as of December 31, 2023. See Note 10 for additional information.

The following tables detail changes in valuation for the Level 3 assets for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Assets:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Residential loans
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Multi-family loans		Equity investments		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	827,535	$	754,860	$	1,501,908	$	95,792	$	147,116	$	3,327,211
Total losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings	(2,924)		(138)		(1,773)		(2,137)		(2,037)		(9,009)
Transfers out (1)	(18,180)		—		(2,886)		—		—		(21,066)
Transfer to securitization trust, net (2)	(370,804)		—		370,804		—		—		—
Paydowns/Distributions	(62,718)		(16,596)		(152,806)		(1,750)		(7,136)		(241,006)
Sales	(22,204)		—		(6,708)		—		—		(28,912)
Purchases	290,024		—		15,711		—		—		305,735
Balance at the end of period	$	640,729	$	738,126	$	1,724,250	$	91,905	$	137,943	$	3,332,953

(1)Transfers out of Level 3 assets represents the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned, single-family rental properties and other assets.

(2)During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company transferred certain residential loans into residential loan securitizations (see Note 7 for further discussion of the Company's residential loan securitizations).

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Residential loans
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Multi-family loans		Equity investments		Equity investments in disposal group held for sale		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,081,384	$	827,582	$	1,616,114	$	87,534	$	179,746	$	9,010	$	3,801,370
Total (losses)/gains (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings	(599)		15,121		33,041		2,889		3,451		1,060		54,963
Transfers out (1)	(93)		—		(233)		—		—		—		(326)
Transfer to securitization trust, net (2)	(86,110)		—		86,110		—		—		—		—
Funding/Contributions	—		—		—		6,420		15,528		—		21,948
Paydowns/Distributions	(141,355)		(13,550)		(130,911)		(1,534)		(7,577)		—		(294,927)
Sales	(166)		—		—		—		—		—		(166)
Purchases	67,939		—		20,582		—		—		—		88,521
Balance at the end of period	$	921,000	$	829,153	$	1,624,703	$	95,309	$	191,148	$	10,070	$	3,671,383

(1)Transfers out of Level 3 assets represents the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned.

(2)During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company transferred certain residential loans into residential loan securitizations (see Note 7 for further discussion of the Company's residential loan securitizations).

The following table details changes in valuation for the Level 3 liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Liabilities:

	Consolidated SLST CDOs
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	593,737	$	634,495
Total gains (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings	1,396		14,511
Paydowns	(12,506)		(10,493)
Balance at the end of period	$	582,627	$	638,513

The following table discloses quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value (dollar amounts in thousands, except input values):

March 31, 2024	Fair Value	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Weighted Average	Range
Assets
Residential loans:
Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts (1)	$2,164,114	Discounted cash flow	Lifetime CPR	4.8%	—	-	56.5%
			Lifetime CDR	0.7%	—	-	22.1%
			Loss severity	11.9%	—	-	100.0%
			Yield	7.6%	5.1%	-	43.2%
	$200,865	Liquidation model	Annual home price appreciation/(depreciation)	0.2%	—	-	13.6%
			Liquidation timeline (months)	18	9	-	50
			Property value	$2,064,802	$14,000	-	$12,750,000
			Yield	7.5%	7.5%	-	26.9%
Consolidated SLST (3)	$738,126		Liability price	N/A
Total	$3,103,105
Multi-family loans (1)	$91,905	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	12.2%	11.0%	-	20.5%
			Months to assumed redemption	31	2	-	54
			Loss severity	—
Equity investments (1) (2)	$102,478	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	14.0%	13.0%	-	15.5%
			Months to assumed redemption	20	5	-	52
			Loss severity	—
Liabilities
Consolidated SLST CDOs (3) (4)	$582,627	Discounted cash flow	Yield	5.9%	5.0%	-	10.0%
			Collateral prepayment rate	6.1%	2.6%	-	7.0%
			Collateral default rate	1.3%	—	-	8.6%
			Loss severity	21.1%	10.8%	-	51.3%

(1)Weighted average amounts are calculated based on the weighted average fair value of the assets.

(2)Equity investments do not include equity ownership interests in an entity that originates residential loans. The fair value of this investment is determined using weighted multiples of origination volume and earnings before taxes, depreciation and amortization and NAV of the entity.

(3)In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, the Company determines the fair value of the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST based on the fair value of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own, as the fair value of these instruments is more observable. At March 31, 2024, the fair value of investment securities we own in Consolidated SLST amounts to $151.2 million.

(4)Weighted average yield calculated based on the weighted average fair value of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own. Weighted average collateral prepayment rate, weighted average collateral default rate, and weighted average loss severity are calculated based on the weighted average unpaid balance of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own.

The following table details the changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, for our Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Assets
Residential loans:
Residential loans (1)	$	(8,303)	$	(3,320)
Consolidated SLST (1)	506		15,807
Residential loans held in securitization trusts (1)	(4,362)		30,077
Multi-family loans (1)	(4,777)		453
Equity investments (2)	(6,161)		(2,577)
Equity investments in disposal group held for sale (2)	—		1,060
Liabilities
Consolidated SLST CDOs (1)	(542)		(13,508)

(1)Presented in unrealized gains (losses), net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(2)Presented in (loss) income from equity investments on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

		March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	226,939	$	226,939	$	187,107	$	187,107
Residential loans	Level 3	3,103,105		3,103,105		3,084,303		3,084,303
Investment securities available for sale	Level 2	2,241,340		2,241,340		2,013,817		2,013,817
Multi-family loans	Level 3	91,905		91,905		95,792		95,792
Equity investments	Level 3	137,943		137,943		147,116		147,116
Derivative assets	Level 2	7,143		7,143		6,510		6,510
Derivative assets in disposal group held for sale	Level 2	740		740		2,960		2,960
Financial Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements	Level 2	2,512,008		2,512,008		2,471,113		2,471,113
Collateralized debt obligations:
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net	Level 3	1,108,594		1,082,924		1,276,780		1,237,531
Residential loan securitizations at fair value	Level 2	497,141		497,141		—		—
Consolidated SLST	Level 3	582,627		582,627		593,737		593,737
Subordinated debentures	Level 3	45,000		28,518		45,000		32,137
Senior unsecured notes	Level 2	98,299		95,861		98,111		94,952
Mortgages payable on real estate	Level 3	850,743		825,042		784,421		761,194
Mortgages payable on real estate in disposal group held for sale	Level 3	119,640		118,669		378,386		377,735

In addition to the methodology to determine the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reported at fair value, as previously described, the following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in arriving at the fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments in the table immediately above:

a.Cash and cash equivalents – Estimated fair value approximates the carrying value of such assets.

b.Repurchase agreements – The fair value of these repurchase agreements approximates cost as they are short term in nature.

c.Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net – The fair value of these CDOs is based on discounted cash flows as well as market pricing on comparable obligations.

d.Subordinated debentures – The fair value of these subordinated debentures is based on discounted cash flows using management’s estimate for market yields.

e.Senior unsecured notes – The fair value is based on quoted prices provided by dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments.

f.Mortgages payable on real estate – The fair value of consolidated variable-rate mortgages payable approximates the carrying value of such liabilities. The fair value of consolidated fixed-rate mortgages payable is estimated based upon discounted cash flows at current borrowing rates.

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Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

17. Stockholders' Equity

(a) Preferred Stock

The Company had 200,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Preferred Stock"), with 22,164,414 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company has four outstanding series of cumulative redeemable preferred stock: 8.00% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series D Preferred Stock”), 7.875% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series E Preferred Stock”), 6.875% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series F Preferred Stock”) and 7.000% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series G Preferred Stock”). Each series of the Preferred Stock is senior to the Company’s common stock with respect to dividends and distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

In March 2023, the Board of Directors approved a $100.0 million preferred stock repurchase program. The program, which expires March 31, 2025, allows the Company to make repurchases of shares of Preferred Stock, from time to time, in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means, in accordance with applicable securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its preferred stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 19,177 shares of Series G Preferred Stock pursuant to the preferred stock repurchase program for a total cost of approximately $0.3 million, including fees and commissions paid to the broker, representing an average repurchase price of $16.64 per preferred share. The difference between the consideration transferred and the carrying value of the preferred stock resulted in a gain attributable to common stockholders of approximately $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2024, $97.6 million of the approved amount remained available for the repurchase of shares of Preferred Stock under the preferred stock repurchase program.

The following table summarizes the Company’s Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Class of Preferred Stock	Shares Authorized	Shares Issued and Outstanding	Carrying Value		Liquidation Preference		Contractual Rate (1)		Optional Redemption Date (2)	Fixed-to-Floating Rate Conversion Date (1)(3)	Floating Annual Rate (4) (5)
Fixed-to-Floating Rate
Series D	8,400,000	6,107,318	$	147,745	$	152,683	8.000	%	October 15, 2027	October 15, 2027	3M LIBOR + 5.695%
Series E	9,900,000	7,343,151	177,697		183,579		7.875	%	January 15, 2025	January 15, 2025	3M LIBOR + 6.429%
Series F	7,750,000	5,740,209	138,418		143,505		6.875	%	October 15, 2026	October 15, 2026	3M SOFR + 6.130%
Fixed Rate
Series G	5,450,000	2,973,736	71,585		74,343		7.000	%	January 15, 2027
Total	31,500,000	22,164,414	$	535,445	$	554,110

(1)The Company's fixed rate preferred stock is entitled to receive a dividend at the contractual rate shown, per year on its $25 liquidation preference. Each series of fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock is entitled to receive a dividend at the contractual rate shown, respectively, per year on its $25 liquidation preference up to, but excluding, the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date.

(2)Each series of Preferred Stock is not redeemable by the Company prior to the respective optional redemption date disclosed except under circumstances intended to preserve the Company’s qualification as a REIT and except upon occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined in the Articles Supplementary designating the Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock, Series F Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock, respectively).

(3)Beginning on the respective fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, each of the Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock is entitled to receive a dividend on a floating rate basis according to the terms disclosed in footnotes (4) and (5) below.

(4)Prior to July 2023, on and after the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, each of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock were entitled to receive a dividend at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus the respective spread disclosed above per year on its $25 liquidation preference. In light of the cessation of the publication of three-month LIBOR after June 30, 2023, and pursuant to the Articles Supplementary for each of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock and the applicability of the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021 to the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, given all of the information available to the Company to date, the Company believes that three-month CME Term SOFR plus the applicable tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% per annum will automatically replace three-month LIBOR as the reference rate for calculations of the dividend rate payable on the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock for dividend periods from and after the respective fixed-to-floating rate conversion date.

(5)On and after the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, the Series F Preferred Stock is entitled to receive a dividend at a floating rate equal to three-month SOFR plus the spread disclosed above per year on its $25 liquidation preference.

For each series of Preferred Stock, on or after the respective optional redemption date disclosed, the Company may, at its option, redeem the respective series of Preferred Stock in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, for cash at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends. In addition, upon the occurrence of a change of control, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Preferred Stock in whole or in part, within 120 days after the first date on which such change of control occurred, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends.

The Preferred Stock generally do not have any voting rights, subject to an exception in the event the Company fails to pay dividends on such stock for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive). Under such circumstances, holders of the Preferred Stock voting together as a single class with the holders of all other classes or series of our preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable and which are entitled to vote as a class with the Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote to elect two additional directors to the Company’s Board of Directors until all unpaid dividends have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In addition, certain material and adverse changes to the terms of any series of the Preferred Stock cannot be made without the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the series of Preferred Stock whose terms are being changed.

The Preferred Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless repurchased or redeemed by the Company or converted into the Company’s common stock in connection with a change of control.

Upon the occurrence of a change of control, each holder of Preferred Stock will have the right (unless the Company has exercised its right to redeem the Preferred Stock) to convert some or all of the Preferred Stock held by such holder into a number of shares of our common stock per share of the applicable series of Preferred Stock determined by a formula, in each case, on the terms and subject to the conditions described in the applicable Articles Supplementary for such series.

(b) Dividends on Preferred Stock

The following table presents the relevant information with respect to quarterly cash dividends declared on the Preferred Stock commencing January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2024:

			Cash Dividend Per Share
Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Series D Preferred Stock		Series E Preferred Stock		Series F Preferred Stock		Series G Preferred Stock
March 13, 2024	April 1, 2024	April 15, 2024	$	0.50	$	0.4921875	$	0.4296875	$	0.43750
December 14, 2023	January 1, 2024	January 15, 2024	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750
September 11, 2023	October 1, 2023	October 15, 2023	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750
June 6, 2023	July 1, 2023	July 15, 2023	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750
March 9, 2023	April 1, 2023	April 15, 2023	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750

(c) Common Stock

The Company had 200,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, with 91,231,039 and 90,675,403 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

On February 22, 2023, the Company announced that the Board of Directors approved the Reverse Stock Split. The Reverse Stock Split was effected as of 12:01 a.m., New York City time, on March 9, 2023 (the “Effective Time”). Accordingly, at the Effective Time, every four issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock were converted into one share of the Company’s common stock, with a proportionate reduction in the Company’s authorized shares of common stock, outstanding equity awards and number of shares remaining available for issuance under the Company's 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the "2017 Plan"). In connection with the reverse stock split, the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock was also reduced on a one-for-four basis, from 800,000,000 to 200,000,000. The par value of each share of common stock remained unchanged. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Instead, each stockholder holding fractional shares as a result of the Reverse Stock Split was entitled to receive, in lieu of such fractional shares, cash in an amount based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on March 8, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split applied to all of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock and therefore did not affect any stockholder’s ownership percentage of shares of the Company’s common stock, except for de minimis changes resulting from the payment of cash in lieu of fractional shares. All common share and per common share data included in these condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted on a retroactive basis to reflect the impact of the Reverse Stock Split.

In February 2022, the Board of Directors approved a $200.0 million common stock repurchase program. In March 2023, the Board of Directors approved an upsize of the common stock repurchase program to $246.0 million. The program, which expires March 31, 2025, allows the Company to make repurchases of shares of common stock, from time to time, in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means, in accordance with applicable securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 377,508 shares of its common stock pursuant to the common stock repurchase program for a total cost of approximately $3.6 million, including fees and commissions paid to the broker, representing an average repurchase price of $9.56 per common share.

As of March 31, 2024, $193.2 million of the approved amount remained available for the repurchase of shares of the Company's common stock under the common stock repurchase program.

(d) Dividends on Common Stock

The following table presents cash dividends declared by the Company on its common stock with respect to the quarterly periods commencing January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2024:

Period	Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Cash Dividend Per Share
First Quarter 2024	March 13, 2024	March 25, 2024	April 25, 2024	$	0.20
Fourth Quarter 2023	December 14, 2023	December 26, 2023	January 26, 2024	0.20
Third Quarter 2023	September 11, 2023	September 21, 2023	October 26, 2023	0.30
Second Quarter 2023	June 6, 2023	June 16, 2023	July 26, 2023	0.30
First Quarter 2023	March 9, 2023	March 20, 2023	April 26, 2023	0.40

(e) Equity Distribution Agreements

On August 10, 2021, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the “Common Equity Distribution Agreement”) with a sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having a maximum aggregate sales price of up to $100.0 million from time to time through the sales agent. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares of common stock issuable under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement.

There were no shares of the Company's common stock issued under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. As of March 31, 2024, approximately $100.0 million of common stock remains available for issuance under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement.

On March 29, 2019, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the "Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement"), most recently amended on March 2, 2022, with a sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its Preferred Stock, having a maximum aggregate gross sales price of up to $149.1 million from time to time through the sales agent. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares of Preferred Stock issuable under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement.

There were no shares of Preferred Stock issued under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. As of March 31, 2024, approximately $100.0 million of Preferred Stock remains available for issuance under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement.

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(Loss) Earnings Per Common Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

(Loss) Earnings Per Common Share

18. (Loss) Earnings Per Common Share

The Company calculates basic (loss) earnings per common share by dividing net (loss) income attributable to the Company's common stockholders for the period by weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for that period. Diluted (loss) earnings per common share takes into account the effect of dilutive instruments, such as performance share units ("PSUs") and restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and the number of incremental shares that are to be added to the weighted-average number of shares outstanding.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 the PSUs and RSUs awarded under the 2017 Plan were determined to be anti-dilutive and were not included in the calculation of diluted loss per common share. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, certain of the PSUs awarded under the 2017 Plan were determined to be dilutive and were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share under the treasury stock method. Under this method, common equivalent shares are calculated assuming that target PSUs and outstanding RSUs vest according to the respective PSU and RSU agreements and unrecognized compensation cost is used to repurchase shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock at the average market price during the reported period. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the RSUs awarded under the 2017 Plan were determined to be anti-dilutive and were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per common share for the periods indicated (dollar and share amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Basic (Loss) Earnings per Common Share:
Net (loss) income attributable to Company	$	(57,901)	$	20,863
Less: Preferred Stock dividends	(10,439)		(10,484)
Plus: Gain on repurchase of Preferred Stock	—		142
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	(68,340)	$	10,521
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	91,117		91,314
Basic (Loss) Earnings per Common Share	$	(0.75)	$	0.12
Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share:
Net (loss) income attributable to Company	$	(57,901)	$	20,863
Less: Preferred Stock dividends	(10,439)		(10,484)
Plus: Gain on repurchase of Preferred Stock	—		142
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	(68,340)	$	10,521
Weighted average common shares outstanding	91,117		91,314
Net effect of assumed PSUs vested	—		358
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	91,117		91,672
Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share	$	(0.75)	$	0.11

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Stock Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Based Compensation

19. Stock Based Compensation

Pursuant to the 2017 Plan, as approved by the Company's stockholders, eligible employees, officers and directors of the Company and individuals who provide services to the Company are offered the opportunity to acquire the Company's common stock through equity awards under the 2017 Plan. The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the 2017 Plan is 10,792,500.

Of the common stock authorized at March 31, 2024, 6,161,318 shares remain available for issuance under the 2017 Plan. The Company’s non-employee directors have been issued 301,472 shares under the 2017 Plan as of March 31, 2024. The Company’s employees have been issued 1,543,880 shares of restricted stock under the 2017 Plan as of March 31, 2024. At March 31, 2024, there were 616,752 shares of non-vested restricted stock outstanding, 1,109,884 common shares reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding PSUs under the 2017 Plan and 194,211 common shares reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding RSUs under the 2017 Plan.

Of the common stock authorized at December 31, 2023, 6,249,922 shares were reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan. The Company's non-employee directors had been issued 301,472 shares under the 2017 Plan as of December 31, 2023. The Company’s employees had been issued 1,204,781 shares of restricted stock under the 2017 Plan as of December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, there were 524,570 shares of non-vested restricted stock outstanding, 1,802,352 common shares reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding PSUs under the 2017 Plan and 351,974 common shares reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding RSUs under the 2017 Plan.

(a) Restricted Common Stock Awards

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized non-cash compensation expense on its restricted common stock awards of $0.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Dividends are paid on all restricted stock issued, whether those shares have vested or not. Non-vested restricted stock is forfeited upon the recipient's termination of employment, subject to certain exceptions.

A summary of the activity of the Company's non-vested restricted stock under the 2017 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is presented below:

	2024			2023
	Number of Non-vested Restricted Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)		Number of Non-vested Restricted Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)
Non-vested shares as of January 1	524,570	$	13.57	526,074	$	16.34
Granted	342,628	8.23		275,248	12.36
Vested	(246,917)	13.90		(244,015)	18.18
Forfeited	(3,529)	11.33		(6,771)	13.04
Non-vested shares as of March 31	616,752	$	10.45	550,536	$	13.57
Restricted stock granted during the period	342,628	$	8.23	275,248	$	12.36

(1)The grant date fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date.

At March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had unrecognized compensation expense of $5.8 million and $6.8 million, respectively, related to the non-vested shares of restricted common stock under the 2017 Plan. The unrecognized compensation expense at March 31, 2024 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years. The total fair value of restricted shares vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $2.1 million and $3.0 million, respectively. The requisite service period for restricted stock awards at issuance is three years and the restricted common stock vests ratably over the requisite service period.

(b) Performance Share Units

Under the 2017 Plan, PSUs are instruments that provide the holder the right to receive one share of the Company's common stock once a performance condition has been satisfied. The awards were issued pursuant to and are consistent with the terms and conditions of the 2017 Plan.

The grant date fair value of the PSUs was determined through a Monte-Carlo simulation of the Company’s common stock total shareholder return and the common stock total shareholder return of its identified performance peer companies to determine the relative total shareholder return of the Company’s common stock over a future period of three years. For PSUs granted, the inputs used by the model to determine the fair value are (i) historical stock price volatilities of the Company and its identified performance peer companies over the most recent three-year period and correlation between each company's stock and the identified performance peer group over the same time series and (ii) a risk free rate for the period interpolated from the U.S. Treasury yield curve on grant date.

The PSUs include dividend equivalent rights ("DERs") which shall remain outstanding from the grant date until the earlier of the settlement or forfeiture of the PSU to which the DER corresponds. Each vested DER entitles the holder to receive payments in an amount equal to any dividends paid by the Company in respect of the share of the Company’s common stock underlying the PSU to which such DER relates. Upon vesting of the PSUs, the DER will also vest. DERs will be forfeited upon forfeiture of the corresponding PSUs. The DERs may be settled in cash or stock at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. The DERs that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were settled in cash.

A summary of the activity of the target PSU awards under the 2017 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is presented below:

	2024			2023
	Number of Non-vested Target Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)		Number of Non-vested Target Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)
Non-vested target PSUs as of January 1	905,825	$	18.12	786,577	$	23.06
Vested	(350,886)	22.31		(201,978)	28.18
Non-vested target PSUs as of March 31	554,939	$	15.47	584,599	$	21.29

(1)The grant date fair value of the PSUs was determined through a Monte-Carlo simulation of the Company’s common stock total shareholder return and the common stock total shareholder return of its identified performance peer companies to determine the relative total shareholder return of the Company’s common stock over a future period of three years.

The three-year performance period for PSUs granted in 2021 ended on December 31, 2023, resulting in the vesting of 441,973 shares of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024 with a fair value of $3.6 million on the vesting date. The number of vested shares related to PSUs granted in 2021 was greater than the target PSUs of 350,886. The three-year performance period for PSUs granted in 2020 ended on December 31, 2022, resulting in the vesting of 161,577 shares of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023 with a fair value of $2.0 million on the vesting date. The number of vested shares related to PSUs granted in 2020 was less than the target PSUs of 201,978. Non-vested PSUs are forfeited upon the recipient's termination of employment, subject to certain exceptions.

As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, there was $4.1 million and $4.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of the PSUs, respectively. The unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of the PSUs at March 31, 2024 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years. Compensation expense related to the PSUs was $0.8 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(c) Restricted Stock Units

Under the 2017 Plan, each RSU represents an unfunded promise to receive one share of the Company's common stock upon satisfaction of the vesting provisions. The awards were issued pursuant to and are consistent with the terms and conditions of the 2017 Plan. The requisite service period for RSUs at issuance is three years and the RSUs vest ratably over the requisite service period.

The RSUs include DERs which shall remain outstanding from the grant date until the earlier of the settlement or forfeiture of the RSU to which the DER corresponds. Each vested DER entitles the holder to receive payments in an amount equal to any dividends paid by the Company in respect of the share of the Company’s common stock underlying the RSU to which such DER relates. Upon vesting of the RSUs, the DER will also vest. DERs will be forfeited upon forfeiture of the corresponding RSUs. The DERs may be settled in cash or stock at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. The DERs that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were settled in cash.

A summary of the activity of the RSU awards under the 2017 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is presented below:

	2024			2023
	Number of Non-vested Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)		Number of Non-vested Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)
Non-vested RSUs as of January 1	351,974	$	11.65	263,708	$	16.11
Vested	(157,763)	12.45		(131,094)	17.40
Forfeited	—	—		(13,550)	14.76
Non-vested RSUs as of March 31	194,211	$	10.99	119,064	$	14.83

(1)The grant date fair value of RSUs is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, 157,763 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the vesting of RSUs at a fair value of $1.3 million on the vesting date. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, 131,094 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the vesting of RSUs at a fair value of $1.4 million on the vesting date. Non-vested RSUs are forfeited upon the recipient's termination of employment, subject to certain exceptions.

As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, there was $1.8 million and $1.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of the RSUs, respectively. The unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of the RSUs at March 31, 2024 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years. Compensation expense related to the RSUs was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

20. Income Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As long as the Company qualifies as a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on its taxable income to the extent it annually distributes at least 100% of its taxable income to stockholders and does not engage in prohibited transactions. Certain activities the Company performs may produce income that will not be qualifying income for REIT purposes. The Company has designated its TRSs to engage in these activities. The tables below reflect the taxes accrued at the TRS level and the tax attributes included in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The income tax (benefit) expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is comprised of the following components (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Current income tax expense	$	163	$	187
Deferred income tax benefit	(274)		(171)
Total income tax (benefit) expense	$	(111)	$	16

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The major sources of temporary differences included in the deferred tax assets (liabilities) and their deferred tax effect as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carryforward	$	8,777	$	7,128
Capital loss carryover	25,397		19,597
GAAP/Tax basis differences	6,275		2,989
Deferred tax assets	40,449		29,714
Less: Valuation allowance	(36,287)		(25,204)
Net deferred tax assets (1)	4,162		4,510
Deferred tax liabilities
GAAP/Tax basis differences	1,391		2,012
Deferred tax liabilities (2)	1,391		2,012
Total net deferred tax asset	$	2,771	$	2,498

(1)Included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Included in other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company, through wholly-owned TRSs, had incurred net operating losses in the aggregate amount of approximately $25.8 million. The Company’s carryforward net operating losses can be carried forward indefinitely until they are offset by future taxable income. Additionally, as of March 31, 2024, the Company, through its wholly-owned TRSs, had also incurred approximately $74.5 million in capital losses. The Company's carryforward capital losses will expire between 2025 and 2029 if they are not offset by future capital gains.

At March 31, 2024, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets as management does not believe that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be realized. The change in the valuation for the current year is an increase of approximately $11.1 million. We will continue to monitor positive and negative evidence related to the utilization of the remaining deferred tax assets for which a valuation allowance continues to be provided.

The Company files income tax returns with the U.S. federal government and various state and local jurisdictions. The Company's federal, state and city income tax returns are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and related tax authorities generally for three years after they were filed. The Company has assessed its tax positions for all open years and concluded that there are no material uncertainties to be recognized.

Based on the Company’s evaluation, the Company has concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s financial statements. To the extent that the Company incurs interest and accrued penalties in connection with its tax obligations, including expenses related to the Company’s evaluation of unrecognized tax positions, such amounts will be included in income tax expense.

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Net Interest Income

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Banking and Thrift, Interest [Abstract]

Net Interest Income

21. Net Interest Income

The following table details the components of the Company's interest income and interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Interest income
Residential loans
Residential loans	$	11,689	$	16,954
Consolidated SLST	8,127		8,733
Residential loans held in securitization trusts	26,931		24,721
Total residential loans	46,747		50,408
Investment securities available for sale	32,903		3,169
Multi-family loans	2,642		2,436
Other	1,600		1,123
Total interest income	83,892		57,136
Interest expense
Repurchase agreements	39,153		13,068
Collateralized debt obligations
Consolidated SLST	5,801		6,315
Residential loan securitizations	18,376		17,376
Total collateralized debt obligations	24,177		23,691
Senior unsecured notes	1,626		1,614
Subordinated debentures	1,073		962
Total interest expense	66,029		39,335
Net interest income	$	17,863	$	17,801

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Other Income

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Other Income

22. Other (Loss) Income

The following table details the components of the Company's other (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan premiums resulting from early redemption	$	98	$	—
Gain on sale of real estate	134		—
Gain on de-consolidation of joint venture equity investment in Consolidated VIE	50		—
(Loss) gain on extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations and mortgages payable on real estate	(692)		1,170
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable (1)	(3,207)		—
Miscellaneous income	25		105
Total other (loss) income	$	(3,592)	$	1,275

(1)As of March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a provision for uncollectible accounts receivable for asset management expenses incurred related to a non-accrual multi-family loan that are in excess of anticipated redemption proceeds (see Note 5).

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

In April 2024, the Company exercised its right to an optional redemption of one of its residential loan securitizations with an outstanding principal balance of $45.7 million at the time of redemption and returned the assets held by the trust to the Company.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation – On March 9, 2023, the Company effected a one-for-four reverse stock split of its issued, outstanding and authorized shares of common stock (the "Reverse Stock Split"). Accordingly, all common share and per common share data for all periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted on a retroactive basis to reflect the impact of the Reverse Stock Split.

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from audited financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024, the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 and the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited. In our opinion, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with Article 10 of Regulation S-X and the instructions to Form 10-Q. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, significant accounting policies and other disclosures have been omitted since such items are disclosed in Note 2 in the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Provided in this section is a summary of additional accounting policies that are significant to, or newly adopted by, the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management has made significant estimates in several areas, including fair valuation of its residential loans, multi-family loans, certain equity investments, Consolidated SLST CDOs, certain residential loan CDOs, real estate held by Consolidated VIEs and redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs. Although the Company’s estimates contemplate current conditions and how it expects those conditions to change in the future, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could be different than anticipated in those estimates, which could materially impact the Company’s results of operations and its financial condition.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications – Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to current period presentation. In particular, prior period disclosures have been adjusted for the aforementioned Reverse Stock Split.

Additionally, prior period disclosures have been conformed to the current period presentation of net loss from real estate. Beginning in the third quarter of 2023, the components of net loss from real estate, inclusive of rental income and other real estate income and interest expense, mortgages payable on real estate, depreciation and amortization and other real estate expenses, are presented as total net loss from real estate on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Previously, rental income, other real estate income and total income from real estate was presented in other income (loss) and interest expense, mortgages payable on real estate, depreciation and amortization, other real estate expenses and total expenses related to real estate were presented in general, administrative and operating expenses on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Also beginning in the third quarter of 2023, unrealized gains (losses) and realized gains (losses) on derivative instruments are presented in gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Previously, unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments were presented in unrealized gains (losses), net and realized gains (losses) on derivative instruments were presented in realized gains (losses), net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Principles of Consolidation and Variable Interest Entities

Principles of Consolidation and Variable Interest Entities – The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of all its subsidiaries which are majority-owned, controlled by the Company or a variable interest entity (“VIE”) where the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation (see Note 7).

A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. A VIE is defined as an entity in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. The Company consolidates a VIE in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation ("ASC 810") when it is the primary beneficiary of such VIE, herein referred to as a "Consolidated VIE". As primary beneficiary, the Company has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and a right to receive benefits or absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE. The Company is required to reconsider its evaluation of whether to consolidate a VIE each reporting period, based upon changes in the facts and circumstances pertaining to the VIE.

The Company evaluates the initial consolidation of each Consolidated VIE, which includes a determination of whether the VIE constitutes the definition of a business in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations ("ASC 805"), by considering if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets within the VIE are concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or group of single identifiable assets. Upon consolidation, the Company recognizes the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any third-party ownership of membership interests as non-controlling interest as of the consolidation or acquisition date, measured at their relative fair values (see Note 7). Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs is adjusted prospectively for its share of the allocation of income or loss and equity contributions and distributions from each respective Consolidated VIE. The third-party owners of certain of the non-controlling interests in Consolidated VIEs have the ability to sell their ownership interests to the Company, at their election, subject to certain conditions. The Company has classified these third-party ownership interests as redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs in mezzanine equity on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Collateralized Debt Obligations

Collateralized Debt Obligations – The Company records collateralized debt obligations used to permanently finance the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST and the Company's residential loans held in securitization trusts as debt on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. For financial reporting purposes, the loans and investment securities held as collateral for these obligations are recorded as assets of the Company. The Company has elected the fair value option pursuant to ASC 825, Financial Instruments ("ASC 825") with respect to the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST and CDOs issued by the Company after January 1, 2024. Changes in fair value of CDOs subject to the fair value election are recorded in current period earnings in unrealized gains (losses), net on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Interest expense on such CDOs is recorded based on the current stated interest rate and outstanding principal balance in effect. In accordance with ASC 825, costs associated with the issuance of CDOs subject to the fair value election are recognized in earnings as they are incurred and are included in portfolio operating expense on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Summary of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Summary of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 requires enhanced disclosures in connection with an entity's effective tax rate reconciliation and additional disclosures about income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company expects that the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will result in additional income tax disclosures in its notes to consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023-07"). ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. The amendments also require companies with a single reportable segment to provide all disclosures required by ASU 2023-07 as well as existing segment disclosures in accordance with ASC 280. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company expects that the adoption of ASU 2023-07 will result in additional disclosures in its notes to consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting ("ASU 2020-04"). ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP requirements for modifications to debt agreements, leases, derivatives and other contracts, related to the expected market transition from LIBOR, and certain other floating rate benchmark indices, or collectively, IBORs, to alternative reference rates. ASU 2020-04 generally considers contract modifications related to reference rate reform to be an event that does not require contract remeasurement at the modification date nor a reassessment of a previous accounting determination. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 ("ASU 2022-06"), which allows ASU 2020-04 to be adopted and applied prospectively to contract modifications made on or before December 31, 2024. In light of the cessation of the publication of LIBOR after June 30, 2023, the Company’s material contracts that were indexed to LIBOR have been amended to transition to an alternative benchmark and any other unmodified agreements that incorporate LIBOR as the referenced rate have provisions in place that provide for identification of an alternative benchmark or specify an alternative benchmark, or by operation of law specify an alternative benchmark, to LIBOR upon its phase-out.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company has established and documented processes for determining fair values. Fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If listed prices or quotes are not available, then fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use inputs that are market-based or independently-sourced market parameters, including interest rate yield curves.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 - inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following describes the valuation methodologies used for the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

a.Residential Loans Held in Consolidated SLST – Residential loans held in Consolidated SLST are carried at fair value and classified as Level 3 fair values. In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, the Company determines the fair value of residential loans held in Consolidated SLST based on the fair value of the CDOs issued by the securitization and its investment in the securitization (eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP), as the fair value of these instruments is more observable.

The investment securities (eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP) that we own in the securitization are generally illiquid and trade infrequently. As such, they are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair valuation of these investment securities is determined based on an internal valuation model that considers expected cash flows from the underlying loans and yields required by market participants. The significant unobservable inputs used in the measurement of these investments are projected losses within the pool of loans and a discount rate. The discount rate used in determining fair value incorporates default rate, loss severity, prepayment rate and current market interest rates. Significant increases or decreases in these inputs would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.

b.Residential Loans and Residential Loans Held in Securitization Trusts – The Company’s acquired residential loans are recorded at fair value and classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value for residential loans is determined using valuations obtained from a third party that specializes in providing valuations of residential loans. The valuation approach depends on whether the residential loan is considered performing, re-performing or non-performing at the date the valuation is performed.

For performing and re-performing loans, estimates of fair value are derived using a discounted cash flow model, where estimates of cash flows are determined from scheduled payments for each loan, adjusted using forecast prepayment rates, default rates and rates for loss upon default. For non-performing loans, asset liquidation cash flows are derived based on the estimated time to liquidate the loan, expected liquidation costs and home price appreciation. Estimated cash flows for both performing and non-performing loans are discounted at yields considered appropriate to arrive at a reasonable exit price for the asset. Indications of loan value such as actual trades, bids, offers and generic market color may be used in determining the appropriate discount yield.

The Company independently calculates valuations for residential loans based on discounted cash flows using an internal pricing model to validate all third party valuations of residential loans. The Company has established thresholds to compare internally generated prices with independent third-party prices and any differences that exceed the thresholds are reviewed both internally and with the third-party pricing service. The Company reconciles and resolves all pricing differences in excess of the thresholds before a final price is established.

c.Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Loan Investments – Fair value for preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments is determined by both market comparable pricing and discounted cash flows. The discounted cash flows are based on the underlying estimated cash flows and estimated changes in market yields. The fair value also reflects consideration of changes in credit risk since origination or time of initial investment. This fair value measurement is generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

d.Investment Securities Available for Sale – The Company determines the fair value of all of its investment securities available for sale based on discounted cash flows utilizing an internal pricing model. The methodology considers the characteristics of the particular security and its underlying collateral, which are observable inputs. These inputs include, but are not limited to, delinquency status, coupon, loan-to-value ("LTV"), historical performance, periodic and life caps, collateral type, rate reset period, seasoning, prepayment speeds and credit enhancement levels. The Company also considers several observable market data points, including prices obtained from third-party pricing services or dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments, trading activity, and dialogue with market participants. Third-party pricing services typically incorporate commonly used market pricing methods, trading activity observed in the marketplace and other data inputs similar to those used in the Company's internal pricing model. The Company has established thresholds to compare internally generated prices with independent third-party prices and any differences that exceed the thresholds are reviewed both internally and with the third-party pricing service. The Company reconciles and resolves all pricing differences in excess of the thresholds before a final price is established. The Company’s investment securities available for sale are valued based upon readily observable market parameters and are classified as Level 2 fair values.

e.Equity Investments – Fair value for equity investments is determined (i) by the valuation process for preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments as described in c. above or (ii) using weighted multiples of origination volume and earnings before taxes, depreciation and amortization of the entity and the net asset value ("NAV") of the equity investment entity. These fair value measurements are generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

f.Derivative Instruments – The fair values of the Company's interest rate cap agreements are measured using models developed by either third-party pricing providers or the respective counterparty that use the market-standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts which would occur if floating interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The floating interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the interest rate caps are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. The inputs used in the valuation of interest rate caps fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company's interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and U.S. Treasury futures are classified as Level 2 fair values and are measured using valuations reported by the respective central clearing houses. The derivatives are presented net of variation margin payments pledged or received.

The Company's options are classified as Level 2 fair values and are measured using prices obtained from the counterparty.

The Company obtains additional third-party valuations for interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, U.S. Treasury futures, interest rate cap agreements and option contracts. The Company has established thresholds to compare different independent third-party prices and any differences that exceed the thresholds are reviewed both internally and with the third-party pricing services. The Company reconciles and resolves all pricing differences in excess of the thresholds before a final price is established.

g.Collateralized Debt Obligations – CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST are classified as Level 3 fair values for which fair value is determined by considering several market data points, including prices obtained from third-party pricing services or dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments. The third-party pricing service or dealers incorporate common market pricing methods, including a spread measurement to the Treasury curve or interest rate swap curve as well as underlying characteristics of the particular security. They will also consider contractual cash payments and yields expected by market participants.

Refer to a. above for a description of the fair valuation of CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST that are eliminated in consolidation.

Fair value for CDOs issued by the Company's residential loan securitizations is determined by the valuation process for investment securities available for sale as described in d. above and, as such, are classified as Level 2 fair values.

Management reviews all prices used in determining fair value to ensure they represent current market conditions. This review includes surveying similar market transactions and comparisons to interest pricing models as well as offerings of like securities by dealers. Any changes to the valuation methodology are reviewed by management to ensure the changes are appropriate. As markets and products develop and the pricing for certain products becomes more transparent, the Company continues to refine its valuation methodologies. The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies, or assumptions, to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. The Company uses inputs that are current as of each reporting date, which may include periods of market dislocation, during which time price transparency may be reduced. This condition could cause the Company’s financial instruments to be reclassified from Level 2 to Level 3 in future periods.

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Residential Loans, at Fair Value (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Abstract]

Schedule of Residential Mortgage Loans Held in Securitization Trusts, Net

The following table presents the Company’s residential loans, at fair value, which consist of residential loans held by the Company, Consolidated SLST and other securitization trusts, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Residential loans (1)		Consolidated SLST (2)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts (3)		Total		Residential loans (1)		Consolidated SLST (2)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts (3)		Total
Principal	$	674,109	$	875,562	$	1,861,671	$	3,411,342	$	891,283	$	892,546	$	1,609,006	$	3,392,835
Discount	(11,060)		(7,673)		(64,304)		(83,037)		(22,667)		(7,418)		(55,709)		(85,794)
Unrealized losses	(22,320)		(129,763)		(73,117)		(225,200)		(41,081)		(130,268)		(51,389)		(222,738)
Carrying value	$	640,729	$	738,126	$	1,724,250	$	3,103,105	$	827,535	$	754,860	$	1,501,908	$	3,084,303

(1)Certain of the Company's residential loans, at fair value are pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (see Note 12).

(2)The Company invests in first loss subordinated securities and certain IOs issued by a Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization. In accordance with GAAP, the Company has consolidated the underlying seasoned re-performing and non-performing residential loans held in the securitization and the CDOs issued to permanently finance these residential loans, representing Consolidated SLST. Consolidated SLST CDOs are included in collateralized debt obligations on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 13).

(3)The Company's residential loans held in securitization trusts are pledged as collateral for CDOs issued by the Company. These CDOs are accounted for as financings and included in collateralized debt obligations on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 13).

Schedule of Components of Net Gain on Residential Mortgage Loans at Fair Value

The following table presents the unrealized gains (losses), net attributable to residential loans, at fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024						March 31, 2023
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST (1)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Residential loans		Consolidated SLST (1)		Residential loans held in securitization trusts
Unrealized gains (losses), net	$	283	$	506	$	(3,251)	$	(1,307)	$	15,807	$	30,554

(1)In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, the Company determines the fair value of the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST based on the fair value of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own, as the fair value of these instruments is more observable (see Note 16). See Note 7 for unrealized gains (losses), net recognized by the Company on its investment in Consolidated SLST, which include unrealized gains (losses) on the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST presented in the table above and unrealized gains (losses) on the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST.

Schedule of Geographic Concentration of Credit Risk

The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the unpaid principal balance of residential loans, at fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are as follows:

	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts
California	20.5	%	10.7	%	19.2	%	22.4	%	10.7	%	18.4	%
Florida	13.9	%	10.1	%	12.8	%	15.5	%	10.3	%	11.0	%
New York	9.6	%	10.0	%	7.3	%	7.0	%	10.0	%	8.5	%
Texas	5.8	%	3.8	%	8.7	%	8.1	%	3.9	%	7.1	%
New Jersey	5.2	%	7.6	%	5.7	%	4.9	%	7.6	%	6.0	%
Illinois	3.1	%	7.2	%	3.4	%	3.0	%	7.2	%	3.5	%

The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the total multi-family loan investment amounts as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are as follows:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Texas	32.7	%	32.6	%
Tennessee	15.3	%	15.2	%
Florida	10.6	%	10.5	%
Arkansas	9.5	%	9.5	%
Louisiana	7.7	%	7.5	%
Alabama	6.7	%	6.7	%
North Carolina	5.8	%	5.8	%
Indiana	5.2	%	5.3	%

Schedule of Residential Mortgage Loans, Fair Value Compared to Unpaid Principal

The following table presents the fair value and aggregate unpaid principal balance of the Company's residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts in non-accrual status as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Greater than 90 days past due				Less than 90 days past due
	Fair Value		Unpaid Principal Balance		Fair Value		Unpaid Principal Balance
March 31, 2024	$	181,732	$	209,601	$	9,632	$	10,254
December 31, 2023	199,485		220,577		9,362		9,948

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Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities Reconciliation

The Company's investment securities available for sale consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Unrealized				Fair Value
			Gains		Losses						Gains		Losses
Fair Value Option
Agency RMBS
Fixed rate
Fannie Mae	$	1,152,811	$	10,475	$	(2,349)	$	1,160,937	$	1,084,702	$	15,902	$	(723)	$	1,099,881
Freddie Mac	862,267		3,915		(4,463)		861,719		676,436		5,679		(1,106)		681,009
Total Fixed rate	2,015,078		14,390		(6,812)		2,022,656		1,761,138		21,581		(1,829)		1,780,890
Adjustable rate
Fannie Mae	108,212		1,301		—		109,513		110,036		1,299		—		111,335
Freddie Mac	37,157		440		—		37,597		37,424		442		—		37,866
Total Adjustable rate	145,369		1,741		—		147,110		147,460		1,741		—		149,201
Interest-only
Ginnie Mae	62,222		—		(14,503)		47,719		52,623		6,813		(203)		59,233
Total Interest-only	62,222		—		(14,503)		47,719		52,623		6,813		(203)		59,233
Total Agency RMBS	2,222,669		16,131		(21,315)		2,217,485		1,961,221		30,135		(2,032)		1,989,324
Non-Agency RMBS	21,447		6,443		(4,035)		23,855		22,097		6,646		(4,281)		24,462
Total investment securities available for sale - fair value option	2,244,116		22,574		(25,350)		2,241,340		1,983,318		36,781		(6,313)		2,013,786
CECL Securities
Non-Agency RMBS	—		—		—		—		35		—		(4)		31
Total investment securities available for sale - CECL Securities	—		—		—		—		35		—		(4)		31
Total	$	2,244,116	$	22,574	$	(25,350)	$	2,241,340	$	1,983,353	$	36,781	$	(6,317)	$	2,013,817

Schedule of Weighted Average Lives of Investment Securities

The following table sets forth the weighted average lives of our investment securities available for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Weighted Average Life	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
0 to 5 years	$	374,823	$	283,554
Over 5 to 10 years	1,863,538		1,727,269
10+ years	2,979		2,994
Total	$	2,241,340	$	2,013,817

Schedule of Investment Securities Available-for-sale in an Unrealized Loss Position

The following table presents the Company's CECL Securities in an unrealized loss position with no credit losses reported, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

December 31, 2023	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months				Total
	Carrying Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Carrying Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Carrying Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Non-Agency RMBS	$	—	$	—	$	31	$	(4)	$	31	$	(4)
Total	$	—	$	—	$	31	$	(4)	$	31	$	(4)

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Multi-family Loans, at Fair Value (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity Investments

Multi-family loans consist of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Investment amount	$	96,314	$	95,434
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(4,409)		358
Total, at Fair Value	$	91,905	95,792

The following table presents condensed statements of operations for non-Company-sponsored VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands). The following table includes net (loss) income from assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale and intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024						2023
	Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Interest income	$	8,127	$	—	$	8,127	$	8,733	$	—	$	8,733
Interest expense	5,801		—		5,801		6,315		—		6,315
Total net interest income	2,326		—		2,326		2,418		—		2,418
Income from real estate	—		35,093		35,093		—		39,075		39,075
Expenses related to real estate	—		51,761		51,761		—		48,062		48,062
Total net loss from real estate	—		(16,668)		(16,668)		—		(8,987)		(8,987)
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(36)		—		(36)		2,299		—		2,299
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	—		2,518		2,518		—		(1,298)		(1,298)
Impairment of real estate	—		(32,214)		(32,214)		—		(10,275)		(10,275)
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	—		(14,636)		(14,636)		—		—		—
Other income	—		3		3		—		16		16
Total other (loss) income	(36)		(44,329)		(44,365)		2,299		(11,557)		(9,258)
Net income (loss)	2,290		(60,997)		(58,707)		4,717		(20,544)		(15,827)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	—		22,158		22,158		—		6,701		6,701
Net income (loss) attributable to Company	$	2,290	$	(38,839)	$	(36,549)	$	4,717	$	(13,843)	$	(9,126)

Schedule of Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Loans, Fair Value Compared to Unpaid Principal

The table below presents the fair value and aggregate unpaid principal balance of the Company's multi-family loan in non-accrual status as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
Days Late	Fair Value (1)		Unpaid Principal Balance		Fair Value		Unpaid Principal Balance
90 +	$	—	$	3,363	$	4,753	$	3,363

(1)As of March 31, 2024, the Company reduced the fair value of the multi-family loan to zero as a result of recent developments with respect to the property, its financing and market conditions.

Schedule of Geographic Concentration of Credit Risk Exceeding 5% of Balances

The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the unpaid principal balance of residential loans, at fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are as follows:

	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts
California	20.5	%	10.7	%	19.2	%	22.4	%	10.7	%	18.4	%
Florida	13.9	%	10.1	%	12.8	%	15.5	%	10.3	%	11.0	%
New York	9.6	%	10.0	%	7.3	%	7.0	%	10.0	%	8.5	%
Texas	5.8	%	3.8	%	8.7	%	8.1	%	3.9	%	7.1	%
New Jersey	5.2	%	7.6	%	5.7	%	4.9	%	7.6	%	6.0	%
Illinois	3.1	%	7.2	%	3.4	%	3.0	%	7.2	%	3.5	%

The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the total multi-family loan investment amounts as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are as follows:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Texas	32.7	%	32.6	%
Tennessee	15.3	%	15.2	%
Florida	10.6	%	10.5	%
Arkansas	9.5	%	9.5	%
Louisiana	7.7	%	7.5	%
Alabama	6.7	%	6.7	%
North Carolina	5.8	%	5.8	%
Indiana	5.2	%	5.3	%

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Equity Investments, at Fair Values (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Schedule of Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

The following table presents the Company's equity investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Investment Name	Ownership Interest	Fair Value		Ownership Interest	Fair Value
Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
EHOF-NYMT Sunset Apartments Preferred, LLC	57%	$	20,129	57%	$	19,703
Lucie at Tradition Holdings, LLC	70%	19,955		70%	19,442
Syracuse Apartments and Townhomes, LLC	58%	22,055		58%	21,642
Hudson Bridge Apartments, LLC - Series A, Briar Hill Apartments, LLC, Kings Glen Apartments, LLC, Flagstone Apartments, LLC, Brookfield Apartments II, LLC - Series B, and Silber JBSM Properties, LLC (collectively)	58%	10,046		58%	9,882
Tides on 27th Investors, LLC	54%	18,577		54%	17,937
Rapid City RMI JV LLC	50%	10,046		50%	9,804
Palms at Cape Coral, LLC	—	—		34%	5,832
Total - Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests		100,808			104,242
Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties
GWR Cedars Partners, LLC	70%	277		70%	1,897
GWR Gateway Partners, LLC	70%	1,393		70%	3,823
Total - Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties		1,670			5,720
Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests
Constructive Loans, LLC (1)	50%	35,465		50%	37,154
Total - Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests		35,465			37,154
Total		$	137,943		$	147,116

(1)The Company purchased $40.8 million and $16.0 million of residential loans from this entity during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table presents income from multi-family preferred equity ownership interests for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands). Income from these investments is presented in (loss) income from equity investments in the Company's accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Income from these investments during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 includes $0.1 million and $0.6 million of net unrealized gains, respectively.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Investment Name	2024		2023
EHOF-NYMT Sunset Apartments Preferred, LLC	$	679	$	625
Lucie at Tradition Holdings, LLC	757		684
Syracuse Apartments and Townhomes, LLC	705		654
Hudson Bridge Apartments, LLC - Series A, Briar Hill Apartments, LLC, Kings Glen Apartments, LLC, Flagstone Apartments, LLC, Brookfield Apartments II, LLC - Series B, and Silber JBSM Properties, LLC (collectively)	321		301
Tides on 27th Investors, LLC	641		797
Rapid City RMI JV LLC	431		—
Palms at Cape Coral, LLC	69		177
FF/RMI 20 Midtown, LLC	—		799
America Walks at Port St. Lucie, LLC	—		1,126
1122 Chicago DE, LLC	—		251
Bighaus, LLC	—		537
Total Income - Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests	$	3,603	$	5,951

The following table presents (loss) income from these investments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):    

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Investment Name	2024		2023
Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests
Constructive Loans, LLC (1)	$	(1,689)	$	(2,500)
Total Loss - Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests	$	(1,689)	$	(2,500)
Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties (2)
GWR Cedars Partners, LLC	$	(1,620)	$	413
GWR Gateway Partners, LLC	(2,430)		647
Total (Loss) Income - Joint Venture Equity Investments in Multi-Family Properties	$	(4,050)	$	1,060

(1)Includes net unrealized losses of $2.2 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(2)During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company determined that these joint venture equity investments no longer met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and returned its equity investments in the joint venture entities to equity investments, at fair value (see Note 9). Includes net unrealized losses of $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and net unrealized gains of $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE) (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIE's

The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Financing VIEs		Other VIEs
	Residential Loan Securitizations		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	14,325	$	14,325
Residential loans, at fair value	1,724,250		738,126		—		2,462,376
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)	—		—		1,005,161		1,005,161
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		146,363		146,363
Other assets	166,374		2,905		31,679		200,958
Total assets	$	1,890,624	$	741,031	$	1,197,528	$	3,829,183
Collateralized debt obligations ($1,108,594 at amortized cost, net and $1,079,768 at fair value)	$	1,605,735	$	582,627	$	—	$	2,188,362
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3)	—		—		850,743		850,743
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		122,318		122,318
Other liabilities	9,909		5,897		15,163		30,969
Total liabilities	$	1,615,644	$	588,524	$	988,224	$	3,192,392
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)	$	—	$	—	$	20,128	$	20,128
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5)	$	—	$	—	$	13,825	$	13,825
Net investment (6)	$	274,980	$	152,507	$	175,351	$	602,838

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).

(3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.

(5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.

(6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.

The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Financing VIEs		Other VIEs
	Residential Loan Securitizations		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	15,612	$	15,612
Residential loans, at fair value	1,501,908		754,860		—		2,256,768
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)	—		—		979,934		979,934
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		426,017		426,017
Other assets	98,451		2,960		37,035		138,446
Total assets	$	1,600,359	$	757,820	$	1,458,598	$	3,816,777
Collateralized debt obligations ($1,276,780 at amortized cost, net and $593,737 at fair value)	$	1,276,780	$	593,737	$	—	$	1,870,517
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3)	—		—		784,421		784,421
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		386,024		386,024
Other liabilities	8,421		5,638		21,797		35,856
Total liabilities	$	1,285,201	$	599,375	$	1,192,242	$	3,076,818
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)	$	—	$	—	$	28,061	$	28,061
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5)	$	—	$	—	$	20,328	$	20,328
Net investment (6)	$	315,158	$	158,445	$	217,967	$	691,570

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).

(3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.

(5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.

(6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

		March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	226,939	$	226,939	$	187,107	$	187,107
Residential loans	Level 3	3,103,105		3,103,105		3,084,303		3,084,303
Investment securities available for sale	Level 2	2,241,340		2,241,340		2,013,817		2,013,817
Multi-family loans	Level 3	91,905		91,905		95,792		95,792
Equity investments	Level 3	137,943		137,943		147,116		147,116
Derivative assets	Level 2	7,143		7,143		6,510		6,510
Derivative assets in disposal group held for sale	Level 2	740		740		2,960		2,960
Financial Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements	Level 2	2,512,008		2,512,008		2,471,113		2,471,113
Collateralized debt obligations:
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net	Level 3	1,108,594		1,082,924		1,276,780		1,237,531
Residential loan securitizations at fair value	Level 2	497,141		497,141		—		—
Consolidated SLST	Level 3	582,627		582,627		593,737		593,737
Subordinated debentures	Level 3	45,000		28,518		45,000		32,137
Senior unsecured notes	Level 2	98,299		95,861		98,111		94,952
Mortgages payable on real estate	Level 3	850,743		825,042		784,421		761,194
Mortgages payable on real estate in disposal group held for sale	Level 3	119,640		118,669		378,386		377,735

Schedule of Statement of Operations of Variable Interest Entities

Multi-family loans consist of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Investment amount	$	96,314	$	95,434
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(4,409)		358
Total, at Fair Value	$	91,905	95,792

The following table presents condensed statements of operations for non-Company-sponsored VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands). The following table includes net (loss) income from assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale and intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024						2023
	Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Interest income	$	8,127	$	—	$	8,127	$	8,733	$	—	$	8,733
Interest expense	5,801		—		5,801		6,315		—		6,315
Total net interest income	2,326		—		2,326		2,418		—		2,418
Income from real estate	—		35,093		35,093		—		39,075		39,075
Expenses related to real estate	—		51,761		51,761		—		48,062		48,062
Total net loss from real estate	—		(16,668)		(16,668)		—		(8,987)		(8,987)
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(36)		—		(36)		2,299		—		2,299
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	—		2,518		2,518		—		(1,298)		(1,298)
Impairment of real estate	—		(32,214)		(32,214)		—		(10,275)		(10,275)
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	—		(14,636)		(14,636)		—		—		—
Other income	—		3		3		—		16		16
Total other (loss) income	(36)		(44,329)		(44,365)		2,299		(11,557)		(9,258)
Net income (loss)	2,290		(60,997)		(58,707)		4,717		(20,544)		(15,827)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	—		22,158		22,158		—		6,701		6,701
Net income (loss) attributable to Company	$	2,290	$	(38,839)	$	(36,549)	$	4,717	$	(13,843)	$	(9,126)

Schedule of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated VIEs

The following table presents activity in redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	28,061	$	63,803
Contributions	39		—
Distributions	—		(3,950)
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	(14,400)		(5,501)
Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value (1)	6,428		—
Ending balance	$	20,128	$	54,352

(1)The Company determines the fair value of the redeemable non-controlling interest utilizing market assumptions and discounted cash flows. The Company applies a discount rate to the estimated future cash flows from the multi-family apartment properties held by the applicable Consolidated VIEs that are allocatable to the redeemable non-controlling interest. This fair value measurement is generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Significant unobservable inputs utilized in the estimation of fair value of redeemable non-controlling interest as of March 31, 2024 include a weighted average capitalization rate of 5.8% (ranges from 5.3% to 6.8%) and a weighted average discount rate of 14.9% (ranges from 13.9% to 15.6%).

Schedule of Classification and Carrying Value of Unconsolidated VIEs

The following tables present the classification and carrying value of unconsolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Multi-family loans		Investment securities available for sale, at fair value		Equity investments		Total
Non-Agency RMBS	$	—	$	23,855	$	—	$	23,855
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties	91,905		—		100,808		192,713
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties	—		—		1,670		1,670
Maximum exposure	$	91,905	$	23,855	$	102,478	$	218,238

	December 31, 2023
	Multi-family loans		Investment securities available for sale, at fair value		Equity investments		Total
Non-Agency RMBS	$	—	$	24,462	$	—	$	24,462
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties	95,792		—		104,242		200,034
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties	—		—		5,720		5,720
Maximum exposure	$	95,792	$	24,462	$	109,962	$	230,216

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Real Estate, Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Real Estate [Abstract]

Schedule of Real Estate Investment

The following is a summary of real estate, net, collectively, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Land	$	133,522	$	137,883
Building and improvements	1,005,596		1,020,477
Furniture, fixture and equipment	41,792		38,706
Operating real estate	$	1,180,910	$	1,197,066
Accumulated depreciation	(74,229)		(65,247)
Operating real estate, net	$	1,106,681	$	1,131,819
Real estate held for sale, net (1)	$	47,540	$	—
Real estate, net (2)	$	1,154,221	$	1,131,819

(1)Real estate held for sale, net is recorded at the lower of the net carrying amount of the assets or the estimated fair value, net of selling costs. Includes one multi-family apartment property in a joint venture entity that owns several multi-family properties (and is not included in the repositioning referenced in (2) below) and certain single-family rental properties as of March 31, 2024.

(2)In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the real estate, net related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties is included in assets of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In December 2023 and March 2024, certain of the joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties were determined to no longer meet held for sale criteria and the associated real estate, net was reclassified to real estate, net on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the respective dates. See Note 9 for additional information.

Schedule of Lease Intangibles

The following table presents the components of lease intangibles, net as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Lease intangibles	$	56,656	$	54,581
Accumulated amortization	(55,705)		(52,203)
Lease intangibles, net	$	951	$	2,378

Schedule Of Components Of Income From Real Estate And Expenses

The following table presents depreciation and amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Depreciation expense on operating real estate	$	11,149	$	6,039
Amortization of lease intangibles related to operating real estate	1,427		—
Total depreciation and amortization	$	12,576	$	6,039

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Assets and Liabilities of Disposal Group Held for Sale (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities of Disposal Group Held for Sale

The following table presents the carrying values of the major classes of assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents (1)	$	2,615	$	5,676
Real estate, net (1)	138,984		407,834
Other assets (1)	4,764		12,507
Total assets of disposal group held for sale	$	146,363	$	426,017
Mortgages payable on real estate, net	$	119,640	$	378,386
Other liabilities	2,678		7,638
Total liabilities of disposal group held for sale (1)	$	122,318	$	386,024

(1)Certain assets and liabilities of the disposal group held for sale are in Consolidated VIEs because the Company is the primary beneficiary.

The following table presents the pretax losses of the disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group held for sale	$	651	$	(11,978)
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	(30)		670
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	621	$	(11,308)

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value

The following table summarizes the Company's derivative instruments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

		Fair Value
Type of Derivative Instrument	Consolidated Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Interest rate caps	Other assets	$	7,123	$	6,510
Options	Other assets	20		—
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	—		—
U.S. Treasury futures	Other assets	—		—
Total derivative assets (1)		$	7,143	$	6,510
Credit default swaps	Other liabilities	$	—	$	—
Total derivative liabilities		$	—	$	—

(1)Excludes interest rate cap contracts held by certain Consolidated VIEs included in other assets in disposal group held for sale.

Schedule of Assets Pledged as Initial Margin

The following tables present a reconciliation of gross derivative assets and liabilities to net amounts presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets		Variation Margin		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets
Derivative assets
Interest rate caps	$	7,123	$	—	$	—	$	7,123
Options	20		—		—		20
Interest rate swaps	30,879		(14,617)		(16,262)		—
U.S. Treasury futures	26		(3)		(23)		—
Total derivative assets	$	38,048	$	(14,620)	$	(16,285)	$	7,143
Derivative liabilities
Credit default swaps	$	(9,268)	$	—	$	9,268	$	—
Interest rate swaps	(14,617)		14,617		—		—
U.S. Treasury futures	(3)		3		—		—
Total derivative liabilities	$	(23,888)	$	14,620	$	9,268	$	—

	December 31, 2023
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets		Variation Margin		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets
Derivative assets
Interest rate caps	$	6,510	$	—	$	—	$	6,510
Interest rate swaps	13,094		(13,094)		—		—
Total derivative assets	$	19,604	$	(13,094)	$	—	$	6,510
Derivative liabilities
Interest rate swaps	$	(40,541)	$	13,094	$	27,447	$	—
Total derivative liabilities	$	(40,541)	$	13,094	$	27,447	$	—

Schedule of Borrowings Under Financing Arrangements and Assets Pledged as Collateral

The following table summarizes assets pledged as initial margin as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Initial Margin Collateral	Consolidated Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Agency RMBS	Investment securities available for sale, at fair value	$	35,020	$	—
Restricted cash	Other assets	31,620		53,458
Total initial margin collateral		$	66,640	$	53,458

The following table presents detailed information about the Company’s financings under these repurchase agreements and associated assets pledged as collateral at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Maximum Aggregate Uncommitted Principal Amount		Outstanding Repurchase Agreements (1)		Net Deferred Finance Costs (2)		Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements		Carrying Value of Assets Pledged (3)		Weighted Average Rate		Weighted Average Months to Maturity (4)
March 31, 2024	$	2,225,000	$	456,038	$	(1,391)	$	454,647	$	607,904	7.91	%	12.82
December 31, 2023	$	2,225,000	$	611,055	$	(2,005)	$	609,050	$	805,082	7.87	%	13.89

(1)Includes non-mark-to-market repurchase agreements with an aggregate outstanding balance of $103.0 million, a weighted average rate of 8.12%, and weighted average months to maturity of 12 months as of March 31, 2024. Includes non-mark-to-market repurchase agreements with an aggregate outstanding balance of $179.1 million, a weighted average rate of 8.19%, and weighted average months to maturity of 14 months as of December 31, 2023.

(2)Costs related to the repurchase agreements, which include commitment, underwriting, legal, accounting and other fees, are reflected as deferred charges. Such costs are presented as a deduction from the corresponding debt liability on the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method, or straight line-method, if the result is not materially different.

(3)Includes residential loans and real estate owned with an aggregate fair value of $466.5 million and single-family rental properties with a net carrying value of $141.4 million as of March 31, 2024. Includes residential loans with an aggregate fair value of $658.3 million and single-family rental properties with a net carrying value of $146.7 million as of December 31, 2023.

(4)The Company expects to roll outstanding amounts under these repurchase agreements into new repurchase agreements or other financings, or to repay outstanding amounts, prior to or at maturity.

Schedule of Activity of Derivative Instruments

The tables below summarize the activity of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Notional Amount For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Type of Derivative Instrument	December 31, 2023		Additions		Terminations		March 31, 2024
Interest rate caps	$	550,025	$	148,044	$	(161,165)	$	536,904
Options	—		202		(102)		100
Interest rate swaps	2,778,015		904,180		(305,450)		3,376,745
Credit default swaps	—		400,000		—		400,000
U.S. Treasury futures	—		280,750		(255,450)		25,300

	Notional Amount For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Type of Derivative Instrument	December 31, 2022	Additions	Terminations	March 31, 2023
Options	—	500,053	—	500,053
Interest rate swaps	—	341,300	—	341,300

Schedule of Components of Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses

The following tables present the components of realized gains (losses), net and unrealized gains (losses), net related to our derivative instruments that were not designated as hedging instruments, which are included in gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024				March 31, 2023
Type of Derivative Instrument	Realized Gains (Losses)		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Realized Gains (Losses)		Unrealized Gains (Losses)
Interest rate caps (1)	$	—	$	2,806	$	—	$	(1,455)
Options	(211)		(509)		—		(420)
Interest rate swaps	5,230		43,709		—		(2,487)
Credit default swaps	(1,011)		(995)		—		—
U.S. Treasury futures	169		23		—		—
Total	$	4,177	$	45,034	$	—	$	(4,362)

(1)Includes interest rate caps held by certain Consolidated VIEs included in other assets in disposal group held for sale.

Schedule of Interest Rate Cap Contracts Strike Price and Notional Amounts

The following table presents information about our interest rate cap contracts related to certain repurchase agreement financing and variable-rate mortgages payable on real estate that are not included in disposal group held for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

March 31, 2024
Financing Type	Weighted Average SOFR Strike Price		SOFR Strike Price/Range		Notional Amount		Expiration Date/Range
Repurchase agreement	4.10	%	4.10	%	$	111,000	November 17, 2024
Mortgages payable on real estate	2.43	%	1.50% - 3.22%		425,904		April 1, 2024 - January 15, 2025

December 31, 2023
Financing Type	Weighted Average SOFR Strike Price		SOFR Strike Price/Range		Notional Amount		Expiration Date/Range
Repurchase agreement	4.10	%	4.10	%	$	111,000	November 17, 2024
Mortgages payable on real estate	2.13	%	1.50% - 3.22%		439,025		January 9, 2024 - January 15, 2025

Schedule of Interest Rate Derivatives

The following table presents information about our interest rate swaps whereby we receive floating rate payments in exchange for fixed rate payments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2025	$	1,426,370	4.62	%	5.38	%
2026	323,985		4.19	%	5.36	%
2027	218,090		3.96	%	5.33	%
2028	674,804		4.03	%	5.39	%
2029	105,580		3.80	%	5.33	%
2033	358,806		4.04	%	5.38	%
2034	46,060		3.79	%	5.33	%
Total	$	3,153,695	4.30	%	5.38	%

	December 31, 2023
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2025	$	1,476,370	4.62	%	5.33	%
2026	214,985		4.19	%	5.33	%
2028	674,804		4.03	%	5.35	%
2033	358,806		4.04	%	5.34	%
Total	$	2,724,965	4.36	%	5.34	%

The following table presents information about our interest rate swaps whereby we receive fixed rate payments in exchange for floating rate payments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2026	$	109,000	4.08	%	5.34	%
2027	61,000		3.79	%	5.34	%
2028	9,550		3.48	%	5.35	%
2033	43,500		3.64	%	5.38	%
Total	$	223,050	3.89	%	5.35	%

	December 31, 2023
Swap Maturities	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate		Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate
2028	$	9,550	3.48	%	5.29	%
2033	43,500		3.64	%	5.33	%
Total	$	53,050	3.61	%	5.33	%

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Other Assets and Other Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Offsetting [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Assets

The following table presents the components of the Company's other assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Restricted cash (1)	$	163,792	$	143,535
Real estate owned	41,397		34,353
Accrued interest receivable	39,936		37,312
Other assets in consolidated multi-family properties	24,321		28,923
Recoverable advances on residential loans	18,093		18,328
Other receivables	16,781		12,593
Collections receivable from residential loan servicers	16,732		14,956
Derivative assets (2)	7,143		6,510
Operating lease right-of-use assets	6,308		6,581
Deferred tax assets	4,162		4,510
Lease intangibles, net in consolidated multi-family properties	951		2,378
Other	5,383		5,378
Total	$	344,999	$	315,357

(1)Restricted cash represents cash held by third parties, initial margin for derivative contracts and cash held by the Company's securitization trusts.

(2)Includes derivative assets held in consolidated multi-family properties.

Schedule of Other Liabilities

The following table presents the components of the Company's other liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Dividends and dividend equivalents payable	$	30,101	$	32,151
Accrued interest payable	27,836		23,653
Accrued expenses and other liabilities in consolidated multi-family properties	15,163		21,797
Operating lease liabilities	6,823		7,102
Accrued expenses	6,303		11,515
Swap margin payable	6,193		—
Deferred revenue	5,220		5,469
Advanced remittances from residential loan servicers	4,999		4,332
Unfunded commitments for residential and multi-family investments	3,701		6,587
Deferred tax liabilities	1,391		2,012
Other	3,021		3,398
Total	$	110,751	$	118,016

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Repurchase Agreements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Carrying Value of Federal Funds Sold, Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell, and Deposits Paid for Securities Borrowed [Abstract]

Schedule of Company's Repurchase Agreements

The following table presents the carrying value of the Company's repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Repurchase Agreements Secured By:	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Investment securities	$	2,057,361	$	1,862,063
Residential loans and real estate owned	380,641		534,754
Single-family rental properties	74,006		74,296
Total carrying value	$	2,512,008	$	2,471,113

Schedule of Unencumbered Securities

The following table presents information about the Company's unencumbered securities at March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Unencumbered Securities	March 31, 2024
Agency RMBS	$	85,101
Non-Agency RMBS (1) (2)	65,972
Total	$	151,073

(1)Includes IOs in Consolidated SLST with a fair value of $16.2 million as of March 31, 2024. Consolidated SLST securities owned by the Company are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

(2)Includes CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations with a fair value of $26.0 million as of March 31, 2024. Repurchased CDOs are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

Schedule of Borrowings Under Financing Arrangements and Assets Pledged as Collateral

The following table summarizes assets pledged as initial margin as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Initial Margin Collateral	Consolidated Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Agency RMBS	Investment securities available for sale, at fair value	$	35,020	$	—
Restricted cash	Other assets	31,620		53,458
Total initial margin collateral		$	66,640	$	53,458

The following table presents detailed information about the Company’s financings under these repurchase agreements and associated assets pledged as collateral at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Maximum Aggregate Uncommitted Principal Amount		Outstanding Repurchase Agreements (1)		Net Deferred Finance Costs (2)		Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements		Carrying Value of Assets Pledged (3)		Weighted Average Rate		Weighted Average Months to Maturity (4)
March 31, 2024	$	2,225,000	$	456,038	$	(1,391)	$	454,647	$	607,904	7.91	%	12.82
December 31, 2023	$	2,225,000	$	611,055	$	(2,005)	$	609,050	$	805,082	7.87	%	13.89

(1)Includes non-mark-to-market repurchase agreements with an aggregate outstanding balance of $103.0 million, a weighted average rate of 8.12%, and weighted average months to maturity of 12 months as of March 31, 2024. Includes non-mark-to-market repurchase agreements with an aggregate outstanding balance of $179.1 million, a weighted average rate of 8.19%, and weighted average months to maturity of 14 months as of December 31, 2023.

(2)Costs related to the repurchase agreements, which include commitment, underwriting, legal, accounting and other fees, are reflected as deferred charges. Such costs are presented as a deduction from the corresponding debt liability on the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method, or straight line-method, if the result is not materially different.

(3)Includes residential loans and real estate owned with an aggregate fair value of $466.5 million and single-family rental properties with a net carrying value of $141.4 million as of March 31, 2024. Includes residential loans with an aggregate fair value of $658.3 million and single-family rental properties with a net carrying value of $146.7 million as of December 31, 2023.

(4)The Company expects to roll outstanding amounts under these repurchase agreements into new repurchase agreements or other financings, or to repay outstanding amounts, prior to or at maturity.

Schedule of Repurchase Agreements Secured by Investment Securities

The following table presents detailed information about the amounts outstanding under the Company’s repurchase agreements secured by investment securities and associated assets pledged as collateral at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Outstanding Repurchase Agreements		Fair Value of Collateral Pledged		Amortized Cost of Collateral Pledged		Outstanding Repurchase Agreements		Fair Value of Collateral Pledged		Amortized Cost of Collateral Pledged
Agency RMBS	$	1,991,485	$	2,097,364	$	2,098,851	$	1,771,436	$	1,894,052	$	1,869,415
Non-Agency RMBS (1) (2)	65,876		141,967		191,810		90,627		182,383		232,997
Balance at end of the period	$	2,057,361	$	2,239,331	$	2,290,661	$	1,862,063	$	2,076,435	$	2,102,412

(1)Includes first loss subordinated securities in Consolidated SLST with a fair value of $135.1 million and $140.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Consolidated SLST securities owned by the Company are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

(2)Includes CDOs repurchased from our residential loan securitizations with a fair value of $6.9 million and $42.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Amounts included in amortized cost of collateral pledged for repurchased CDOs represent the current par value of the securities. Repurchased CDOs are eliminated in consolidation in accordance with GAAP.

Schedule Of Repurchase Agreements, Maturities

The following table presents contractual maturity information about the Company’s outstanding repurchase agreements secured by investment securities at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Contractual Maturity	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Within 30 days	$	667,429	$	505,446
Over 30 days to 90 days	1,389,932		1,263,000
Over 90 days	—		93,617
Total	$	2,057,361	$	1,862,063

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Collateralized Debt Obligations (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Mortgages Payable in Consolidated VIEs

The following tables present a summary of the Company's CDOs as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Outstanding Face Amount		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Interest Rate (1) (2)		Stated Maturity (3)
Consolidated SLST at fair value (4)	$	640,426	$	582,627	2.75	%	2059
Residential loan securitizations at fair value (4)	528,534		497,141		5.28	%	2029 - 2068
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost	1,123,696		1,108,594		3.73	%	2026 - 2062
Total collateralized debt obligations	$	2,292,656	$	2,188,362

	December 31, 2023
	Outstanding Face Amount		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Interest Rate (1)		Stated Maturity (3)
Consolidated SLST at fair value (4)	$	652,933	$	593,737	2.75	%	2059
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost	1,292,015		1,276,780		4.00	%	2026 - 2062
Total collateralized debt obligations	$	1,944,948	$	1,870,517

(1)Weighted average interest rate is calculated using the outstanding face amount and stated interest rate of notes issued by the securitization and not owned by the Company.

(2)Certain of the Company's CDOs contain interest rate step-up features whereby the interest rate increases if the outstanding notes are not redeemed by expected redemption dates, as defined in the respective governing documents. The following table presents a summary of CDO interest rate step-up features as of March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Outstanding Balance		Step-Up	Step-Up Date	Additional Step-Up	Additional Step-Up Date
$	389,685	3.00%	August 2024 - July 2025	1.00%	August 2025 - July 2026
$	721,455	1.00%, 1.50%, or 2.00%	May 2024 - December 2026	N/A	N/A

(3)The actual maturity of the Company's CDOs are primarily determined by the rate of principal prepayments on the assets of the issuing entity. The CDOs are also subject to redemption prior to the stated maturity according to the terms of the respective governing documents. As a result, the actual maturity of the CDOs may occur earlier than the stated maturity.

(4)The Company has elected the fair value option for CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST and issued by residential loan securitizations completed after January 1, 2024 (see Note 16).

Schedule of Maturities of Collateralized Debt Obligations

The Company's CDOs as of March 31, 2024 had stated maturities as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Total
2024	$	—
2025	—
2026	45,738
2027	222,888
2028	—
Thereafter	2,024,030
Total	$	2,292,656

As of March 31, 2024, maturities for debt on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,	Outstanding Balance
2024	$	53,615
2025	386,175
2026	126,595
2027	—
2028	—
2029	244,796
Thereafter	189,036
	$	1,000,217

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt Instrument Redemption

After April 30, 2023, the Company has the right to redeem the Senior Unsecured Notes, in whole or in part, at 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Unsecured Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, plus an amount equal to the principal amount of such Senior Unsecured Notes multiplied by a date-dependent multiple as detailed in the following table:

Redemption Period	Multiple
April 30, 2023 - April 29, 2024	2.875	%
April 30, 2024 - April 29, 2025	1.4375	%
April 30, 2025 - April 29, 2026	—

Schedule of Subordinated Borrowing

The following table summarizes the key details of the Company’s subordinated debentures as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

	NYM Preferred Trust I		NYM Preferred Trust II
Principal value of trust preferred securities	$	25,000	$	20,000
Interest rate	Three-month CME Term SOFR plus tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% plus 3.75%, resetting quarterly		Three-month CME Term SOFR plus tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% plus 3.95%, resetting quarterly
Scheduled maturity	March 30, 2035		October 30, 2035

Schedule of Mortgage Payable in Consolidated VIE

The following table presents detailed information for these mortgages payable on real estate as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Maximum Committed Mortgage Principal Amount		Outstanding Mortgage Balance		Net Deferred Finance Cost		Mortgage Payable, Net (1)		Stated Maturity	Weighted Average Interest Rate (2) (3)
March 31, 2024	$	879,354	$	855,217	$	(4,474)	$	850,743	2024 - 2032	6.57	%
December 31, 2023	810,047		789,053		(4,632)		784,421		2024 - 2032	6.41	%

(1)In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, mortgages payable on real estate related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties are included in liabilities of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In December 2023 and March 2024, certain of the joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties were determined to no longer meet held for sale criteria and the associated mortgages payable on real estate are included in mortgages payable on real estate, net on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the respective dates. See Note 9 for additional information.

(2)Weighted average interest rate is calculated using the outstanding mortgage balance and interest rate as of the date indicated.

(3)For variable-rate mortgages payable, the applicable entities, as required by loan agreements, entered into interest rate cap contracts with counterparties that limit the indexed portion of the interest rate to a fixed rate. See Note 10 for additional information.

Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt

The Company's CDOs as of March 31, 2024 had stated maturities as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Total
2024	$	—
2025	—
2026	45,738
2027	222,888
2028	—
Thereafter	2,024,030
Total	$	2,292,656

As of March 31, 2024, maturities for debt on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,	Outstanding Balance
2024	$	53,615
2025	386,175
2026	126,595
2027	—
2028	—
2029	244,796
Thereafter	189,036
	$	1,000,217

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis at
	March 31, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans:
Residential loans	$	—	$	—	$	640,729	$	640,729	$	—	$	—	$	827,535	$	827,535
Consolidated SLST	—		—		738,126		738,126		—		—		754,860		754,860
Residential loans held in securitization trusts	—		—		1,724,250		1,724,250		—		—		1,501,908		1,501,908
Investment securities available for sale:
Agency RMBS	—		2,217,485		—		2,217,485		—		1,989,324		—		1,989,324
Non-Agency RMBS	—		23,855		—		23,855		—		24,493		—		24,493
Multi-family loans	—		—		91,905		91,905		—		—		95,792		95,792
Equity investments	—		—		137,943		137,943		—		—		147,116		147,116
Derivative assets:
Interest rate caps (1) (2)	—		7,123		—		7,123		—		6,510		—		6,510
Options (2)	—		20		—		20		—		—		—		—
Interest rate swaps (2) (4)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
U.S. Treasury futures (2) (4)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Assets of disposal group held for sale (3)	—		740		—		740		—		2,960		—		2,960
Total	$	—	$	2,249,223	$	3,332,953	$	5,582,176	$	—	$	2,023,287	$	3,327,211	$	5,350,498
Liabilities carried at fair value
CDOs:
Consolidated SLST	$	—	$	—	$	582,627	$	582,627	$	—	$	—	$	593,737	$	593,737
Residential loan securitizations	—		497,141		—		497,141		—		—		—		—
Derivative liabilities:
Credit default swaps (2) (4)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	497,141	$	582,627	$	1,079,768	$	—	$	—	$	593,737	$	593,737

(1)Excludes assets of disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).

(2)Included in other assets or other liabilities, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(3)Includes derivative assets classified as Level 2 instruments in the amount of $0.7 million and $3.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(4)All of the Company’s interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and U.S. Treasury futures outstanding are cleared through central clearing houses. The Company exchanges variation margin for the derivative instruments based upon daily changes in fair value. Includes derivative assets of $30.9 million and derivative liabilities of $23.9 million netted against a net variation margin of $7.0 million as of March 31, 2024. Includes derivative liabilities of $40.5 million netted against derivative assets of $13.1 million and a variation margin of $27.4 million as of December 31, 2023. See Note 10 for additional information.

Schedule of Changes in Valuation of Level 3 Assets

The following tables detail changes in valuation for the Level 3 assets for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Assets:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Residential loans
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Multi-family loans		Equity investments		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	827,535	$	754,860	$	1,501,908	$	95,792	$	147,116	$	3,327,211
Total losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings	(2,924)		(138)		(1,773)		(2,137)		(2,037)		(9,009)
Transfers out (1)	(18,180)		—		(2,886)		—		—		(21,066)
Transfer to securitization trust, net (2)	(370,804)		—		370,804		—		—		—
Paydowns/Distributions	(62,718)		(16,596)		(152,806)		(1,750)		(7,136)		(241,006)
Sales	(22,204)		—		(6,708)		—		—		(28,912)
Purchases	290,024		—		15,711		—		—		305,735
Balance at the end of period	$	640,729	$	738,126	$	1,724,250	$	91,905	$	137,943	$	3,332,953

(1)Transfers out of Level 3 assets represents the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned, single-family rental properties and other assets.

(2)During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company transferred certain residential loans into residential loan securitizations (see Note 7 for further discussion of the Company's residential loan securitizations).

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Residential loans
	Residential loans		Consolidated SLST		Residential loans held in securitization trusts		Multi-family loans		Equity investments		Equity investments in disposal group held for sale		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,081,384	$	827,582	$	1,616,114	$	87,534	$	179,746	$	9,010	$	3,801,370
Total (losses)/gains (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings	(599)		15,121		33,041		2,889		3,451		1,060		54,963
Transfers out (1)	(93)		—		(233)		—		—		—		(326)
Transfer to securitization trust, net (2)	(86,110)		—		86,110		—		—		—		—
Funding/Contributions	—		—		—		6,420		15,528		—		21,948
Paydowns/Distributions	(141,355)		(13,550)		(130,911)		(1,534)		(7,577)		—		(294,927)
Sales	(166)		—		—		—		—		—		(166)
Purchases	67,939		—		20,582		—		—		—		88,521
Balance at the end of period	$	921,000	$	829,153	$	1,624,703	$	95,309	$	191,148	$	10,070	$	3,671,383

(1)Transfers out of Level 3 assets represents the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned.

(2)During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company transferred certain residential loans into residential loan securitizations (see Note 7 for further discussion of the Company's residential loan securitizations).

Schedule of Changes in Valuation of Level 3 Liabilities

The following table details changes in valuation for the Level 3 liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Liabilities:

	Consolidated SLST CDOs
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	593,737	$	634,495
Total gains (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings	1,396		14,511
Paydowns	(12,506)		(10,493)
Balance at the end of period	$	582,627	$	638,513

Schedule of Quantitative Information Regarding Significant and Unobservable Inputs used in Valuation of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

The following table discloses quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value (dollar amounts in thousands, except input values):

March 31, 2024	Fair Value	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Weighted Average	Range
Assets
Residential loans:
Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts (1)	$2,164,114	Discounted cash flow	Lifetime CPR	4.8%	—	-	56.5%
			Lifetime CDR	0.7%	—	-	22.1%
			Loss severity	11.9%	—	-	100.0%
			Yield	7.6%	5.1%	-	43.2%
	$200,865	Liquidation model	Annual home price appreciation/(depreciation)	0.2%	—	-	13.6%
			Liquidation timeline (months)	18	9	-	50
			Property value	$2,064,802	$14,000	-	$12,750,000
			Yield	7.5%	7.5%	-	26.9%
Consolidated SLST (3)	$738,126		Liability price	N/A
Total	$3,103,105
Multi-family loans (1)	$91,905	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	12.2%	11.0%	-	20.5%
			Months to assumed redemption	31	2	-	54
			Loss severity	—
Equity investments (1) (2)	$102,478	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	14.0%	13.0%	-	15.5%
			Months to assumed redemption	20	5	-	52
			Loss severity	—
Liabilities
Consolidated SLST CDOs (3) (4)	$582,627	Discounted cash flow	Yield	5.9%	5.0%	-	10.0%
			Collateral prepayment rate	6.1%	2.6%	-	7.0%
			Collateral default rate	1.3%	—	-	8.6%
			Loss severity	21.1%	10.8%	-	51.3%

(1)Weighted average amounts are calculated based on the weighted average fair value of the assets.

(2)Equity investments do not include equity ownership interests in an entity that originates residential loans. The fair value of this investment is determined using weighted multiples of origination volume and earnings before taxes, depreciation and amortization and NAV of the entity.

(3)In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, the Company determines the fair value of the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST based on the fair value of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own, as the fair value of these instruments is more observable. At March 31, 2024, the fair value of investment securities we own in Consolidated SLST amounts to $151.2 million.

(4)Weighted average yield calculated based on the weighted average fair value of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own. Weighted average collateral prepayment rate, weighted average collateral default rate, and weighted average loss severity are calculated based on the weighted average unpaid balance of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own.

Schedule of Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings for Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

The following table details the changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, for our Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Assets
Residential loans:
Residential loans (1)	$	(8,303)	$	(3,320)
Consolidated SLST (1)	506		15,807
Residential loans held in securitization trusts (1)	(4,362)		30,077
Multi-family loans (1)	(4,777)		453
Equity investments (2)	(6,161)		(2,577)
Equity investments in disposal group held for sale (2)	—		1,060
Liabilities
Consolidated SLST CDOs (1)	(542)		(13,508)

(1)Presented in unrealized gains (losses), net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(2)Presented in (loss) income from equity investments on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Schedule of Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of March 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Financing VIEs		Other VIEs
	Residential Loan Securitizations		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	14,325	$	14,325
Residential loans, at fair value	1,724,250		738,126		—		2,462,376
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)	—		—		1,005,161		1,005,161
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		146,363		146,363
Other assets	166,374		2,905		31,679		200,958
Total assets	$	1,890,624	$	741,031	$	1,197,528	$	3,829,183
Collateralized debt obligations ($1,108,594 at amortized cost, net and $1,079,768 at fair value)	$	1,605,735	$	582,627	$	—	$	2,188,362
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3)	—		—		850,743		850,743
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		122,318		122,318
Other liabilities	9,909		5,897		15,163		30,969
Total liabilities	$	1,615,644	$	588,524	$	988,224	$	3,192,392
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)	$	—	$	—	$	20,128	$	20,128
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5)	$	—	$	—	$	13,825	$	13,825
Net investment (6)	$	274,980	$	152,507	$	175,351	$	602,838

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).

(3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.

(5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.

(6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.

The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

	Financing VIEs		Other VIEs
	Residential Loan Securitizations		Consolidated SLST		Consolidated Real Estate		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	15,612	$	15,612
Residential loans, at fair value	1,501,908		754,860		—		2,256,768
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)	—		—		979,934		979,934
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		426,017		426,017
Other assets	98,451		2,960		37,035		138,446
Total assets	$	1,600,359	$	757,820	$	1,458,598	$	3,816,777
Collateralized debt obligations ($1,276,780 at amortized cost, net and $593,737 at fair value)	$	1,276,780	$	593,737	$	—	$	1,870,517
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3)	—		—		784,421		784,421
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2)	—		—		386,024		386,024
Other liabilities	8,421		5,638		21,797		35,856
Total liabilities	$	1,285,201	$	599,375	$	1,192,242	$	3,076,818
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)	$	—	$	—	$	28,061	$	28,061
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5)	$	—	$	—	$	20,328	$	20,328
Net investment (6)	$	315,158	$	158,445	$	217,967	$	691,570

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).

(3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.

(5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.

(6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

		March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	226,939	$	226,939	$	187,107	$	187,107
Residential loans	Level 3	3,103,105		3,103,105		3,084,303		3,084,303
Investment securities available for sale	Level 2	2,241,340		2,241,340		2,013,817		2,013,817
Multi-family loans	Level 3	91,905		91,905		95,792		95,792
Equity investments	Level 3	137,943		137,943		147,116		147,116
Derivative assets	Level 2	7,143		7,143		6,510		6,510
Derivative assets in disposal group held for sale	Level 2	740		740		2,960		2,960
Financial Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements	Level 2	2,512,008		2,512,008		2,471,113		2,471,113
Collateralized debt obligations:
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net	Level 3	1,108,594		1,082,924		1,276,780		1,237,531
Residential loan securitizations at fair value	Level 2	497,141		497,141		—		—
Consolidated SLST	Level 3	582,627		582,627		593,737		593,737
Subordinated debentures	Level 3	45,000		28,518		45,000		32,137
Senior unsecured notes	Level 2	98,299		95,861		98,111		94,952
Mortgages payable on real estate	Level 3	850,743		825,042		784,421		761,194
Mortgages payable on real estate in disposal group held for sale	Level 3	119,640		118,669		378,386		377,735

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Preferred Stock Issued and Outstanding

The following table summarizes the Company’s Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Class of Preferred Stock	Shares Authorized	Shares Issued and Outstanding	Carrying Value		Liquidation Preference		Contractual Rate (1)		Optional Redemption Date (2)	Fixed-to-Floating Rate Conversion Date (1)(3)	Floating Annual Rate (4) (5)
Fixed-to-Floating Rate
Series D	8,400,000	6,107,318	$	147,745	$	152,683	8.000	%	October 15, 2027	October 15, 2027	3M LIBOR + 5.695%
Series E	9,900,000	7,343,151	177,697		183,579		7.875	%	January 15, 2025	January 15, 2025	3M LIBOR + 6.429%
Series F	7,750,000	5,740,209	138,418		143,505		6.875	%	October 15, 2026	October 15, 2026	3M SOFR + 6.130%
Fixed Rate
Series G	5,450,000	2,973,736	71,585		74,343		7.000	%	January 15, 2027
Total	31,500,000	22,164,414	$	535,445	$	554,110

(1)The Company's fixed rate preferred stock is entitled to receive a dividend at the contractual rate shown, per year on its $25 liquidation preference. Each series of fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock is entitled to receive a dividend at the contractual rate shown, respectively, per year on its $25 liquidation preference up to, but excluding, the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date.

(2)Each series of Preferred Stock is not redeemable by the Company prior to the respective optional redemption date disclosed except under circumstances intended to preserve the Company’s qualification as a REIT and except upon occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined in the Articles Supplementary designating the Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock, Series F Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock, respectively).

(3)Beginning on the respective fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, each of the Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock is entitled to receive a dividend on a floating rate basis according to the terms disclosed in footnotes (4) and (5) below.

(4)Prior to July 2023, on and after the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, each of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock were entitled to receive a dividend at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus the respective spread disclosed above per year on its $25 liquidation preference. In light of the cessation of the publication of three-month LIBOR after June 30, 2023, and pursuant to the Articles Supplementary for each of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock and the applicability of the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021 to the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, given all of the information available to the Company to date, the Company believes that three-month CME Term SOFR plus the applicable tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% per annum will automatically replace three-month LIBOR as the reference rate for calculations of the dividend rate payable on the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock for dividend periods from and after the respective fixed-to-floating rate conversion date.

(5)On and after the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, the Series F Preferred Stock is entitled to receive a dividend at a floating rate equal to three-month SOFR plus the spread disclosed above per year on its $25 liquidation preference.

Schedule of Dividends Payable

The following table presents the relevant information with respect to quarterly cash dividends declared on the Preferred Stock commencing January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2024:

			Cash Dividend Per Share
Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Series D Preferred Stock		Series E Preferred Stock		Series F Preferred Stock		Series G Preferred Stock
March 13, 2024	April 1, 2024	April 15, 2024	$	0.50	$	0.4921875	$	0.4296875	$	0.43750
December 14, 2023	January 1, 2024	January 15, 2024	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750
September 11, 2023	October 1, 2023	October 15, 2023	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750
June 6, 2023	July 1, 2023	July 15, 2023	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750
March 9, 2023	April 1, 2023	April 15, 2023	0.50		0.4921875		0.4296875		0.43750

The following table presents cash dividends declared by the Company on its common stock with respect to the quarterly periods commencing January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2024:

Period	Declaration Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Cash Dividend Per Share
First Quarter 2024	March 13, 2024	March 25, 2024	April 25, 2024	$	0.20
Fourth Quarter 2023	December 14, 2023	December 26, 2023	January 26, 2024	0.20
Third Quarter 2023	September 11, 2023	September 21, 2023	October 26, 2023	0.30
Second Quarter 2023	June 6, 2023	June 16, 2023	July 26, 2023	0.30
First Quarter 2023	March 9, 2023	March 20, 2023	April 26, 2023	0.40

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(Loss) Earnings Per Common Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Computation of Basic and Dilutive Loss Per Share

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per common share for the periods indicated (dollar and share amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Basic (Loss) Earnings per Common Share:
Net (loss) income attributable to Company	$	(57,901)	$	20,863
Less: Preferred Stock dividends	(10,439)		(10,484)
Plus: Gain on repurchase of Preferred Stock	—		142
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	(68,340)	$	10,521
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	91,117		91,314
Basic (Loss) Earnings per Common Share	$	(0.75)	$	0.12
Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share:
Net (loss) income attributable to Company	$	(57,901)	$	20,863
Less: Preferred Stock dividends	(10,439)		(10,484)
Plus: Gain on repurchase of Preferred Stock	—		142
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	$	(68,340)	$	10,521
Weighted average common shares outstanding	91,117		91,314
Net effect of assumed PSUs vested	—		358
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	91,117		91,672
Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share	$	(0.75)	$	0.11

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Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Nonvested Share Activity

A summary of the activity of the Company's non-vested restricted stock under the 2017 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is presented below:

	2024			2023
	Number of Non-vested Restricted Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)		Number of Non-vested Restricted Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)
Non-vested shares as of January 1	524,570	$	13.57	526,074	$	16.34
Granted	342,628	8.23		275,248	12.36
Vested	(246,917)	13.90		(244,015)	18.18
Forfeited	(3,529)	11.33		(6,771)	13.04
Non-vested shares as of March 31	616,752	$	10.45	550,536	$	13.57
Restricted stock granted during the period	342,628	$	8.23	275,248	$	12.36

(1)The grant date fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date.

Schedule of PSU Award Activity

A summary of the activity of the target PSU awards under the 2017 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is presented below:

	2024			2023
	Number of Non-vested Target Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)		Number of Non-vested Target Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)
Non-vested target PSUs as of January 1	905,825	$	18.12	786,577	$	23.06
Vested	(350,886)	22.31		(201,978)	28.18
Non-vested target PSUs as of March 31	554,939	$	15.47	584,599	$	21.29

(1)The grant date fair value of the PSUs was determined through a Monte-Carlo simulation of the Company’s common stock total shareholder return and the common stock total shareholder return of its identified performance peer companies to determine the relative total shareholder return of the Company’s common stock over a future period of three years.

Schedule of RSU Award Activity

A summary of the activity of the RSU awards under the 2017 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is presented below:

	2024			2023
	Number of Non-vested Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)		Number of Non-vested Shares	Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value (1)
Non-vested RSUs as of January 1	351,974	$	11.65	263,708	$	16.11
Vested	(157,763)	12.45		(131,094)	17.40
Forfeited	—	—		(13,550)	14.76
Non-vested RSUs as of March 31	194,211	$	10.99	119,064	$	14.83

(1)The grant date fair value of RSUs is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date.

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Income Taxes (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax (Benefit)/Provision

The income tax (benefit) expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is comprised of the following components (dollar amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Current income tax expense	$	163	$	187
Deferred income tax benefit	(274)		(171)
Total income tax (benefit) expense	$	(111)	$	16

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The major sources of temporary differences included in the deferred tax assets (liabilities) and their deferred tax effect as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carryforward	$	8,777	$	7,128
Capital loss carryover	25,397		19,597
GAAP/Tax basis differences	6,275		2,989
Deferred tax assets	40,449		29,714
Less: Valuation allowance	(36,287)		(25,204)
Net deferred tax assets (1)	4,162		4,510
Deferred tax liabilities
GAAP/Tax basis differences	1,391		2,012
Deferred tax liabilities (2)	1,391		2,012
Total net deferred tax asset	$	2,771	$	2,498

(1)Included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Included in other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Net Interest Income (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Banking and Thrift, Interest [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Interest Income and Interest Expense

The following table details the components of the Company's interest income and interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Interest income
Residential loans
Residential loans	$	11,689	$	16,954
Consolidated SLST	8,127		8,733
Residential loans held in securitization trusts	26,931		24,721
Total residential loans	46,747		50,408
Investment securities available for sale	32,903		3,169
Multi-family loans	2,642		2,436
Other	1,600		1,123
Total interest income	83,892		57,136
Interest expense
Repurchase agreements	39,153		13,068
Collateralized debt obligations
Consolidated SLST	5,801		6,315
Residential loan securitizations	18,376		17,376
Total collateralized debt obligations	24,177		23,691
Senior unsecured notes	1,626		1,614
Subordinated debentures	1,073		962
Total interest expense	66,029		39,335
Net interest income	$	17,863	$	17,801

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Other Income (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Income

The following table details the components of the Company's other (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan premiums resulting from early redemption	$	98	$	—
Gain on sale of real estate	134		—
Gain on de-consolidation of joint venture equity investment in Consolidated VIE	50		—
(Loss) gain on extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations and mortgages payable on real estate	(692)		1,170
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable (1)	(3,207)		—
Miscellaneous income	25		105
Total other (loss) income	$	(3,592)	$	1,275

(1)As of March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a provision for uncollectible accounts receivable for asset management expenses incurred related to a non-accrual multi-family loan that are in excess of anticipated redemption proceeds (see Note 5).

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	Mar. 09, 2023 shares
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Reverse stock split (in shares)	0.25

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Residential Loans, at Fair Value - Schedule of Residential Loans at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Principal	$ 3,411,342	$ 3,392,835
Discount	(83,037)	(85,794)
Unrealized losses	(225,200)	(222,738)
Carrying value	3,103,105	3,084,303
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Principal	875,562	892,546
Discount	(7,673)	(7,418)
Unrealized losses	(129,763)	(130,268)
Carrying value	738,126	754,860
Residential loans
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Principal	674,109	891,283
Discount	(11,060)	(22,667)
Unrealized losses	(22,320)	(41,081)
Carrying value	640,729	827,535
Residential loans held in securitization trusts
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Principal	1,861,671	1,609,006
Discount	(64,304)	(55,709)
Unrealized losses	(73,117)	(51,389)
Carrying value	$ 1,724,250	$ 1,501,908

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Residential Loans, at Fair Value - Components of Net Gain (Loss) on Residential Mortgages (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Consolidated SLST
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Unrealized gains (losses), net	$ 506	$ 15,807
Residential loans
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Unrealized gains (losses), net	283	(1,307)
Residential loans held in securitization trusts
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Unrealized gains (losses), net	$ (3,251)	$ 30,554

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Residential Loans, at Fair Value - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Net realized gain on payoff of residential loans	$ 100	$ 2,000
Loss on sale of residential loans	3,000	$ 0
90 days or greater delinquent | Residential loans
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	209,601		$ 220,577
Residential loans | Foreclosure
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	166,400
Process of foreclosure	141,100
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Residential loans | 90 days or greater delinquent
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Principal outstanding	83,200		$ 84,600
Residential Loans Held in Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Residential loans | Foreclosure
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Process of foreclosure	$ 33,500

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Residential Loans, at Fair Value - Concentration of Risk (Details) - Geographic Concentration Risk	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Residential loans | California
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	20.50%	22.40%
Residential loans | Florida
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	13.90%	15.50%
Residential loans | New York
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	9.60%	7.00%
Residential loans | Texas
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	5.80%	8.10%
Residential loans | New Jersey
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	5.20%	4.90%
Residential loans | Illinois
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	3.10%	3.00%
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary | California
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	10.70%	10.70%
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Florida
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	10.10%	10.30%
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary | New York
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	10.00%	10.00%
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Texas
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	3.80%	3.90%
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary | New Jersey
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	7.60%	7.60%
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Illinois
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	7.20%	7.20%
Residential loans held in securitization trusts | California
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	19.20%	18.40%
Residential loans held in securitization trusts | Florida
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	12.80%	11.00%
Residential loans held in securitization trusts | New York
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	7.30%	8.50%
Residential loans held in securitization trusts | Texas
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	8.70%	7.10%
Residential loans held in securitization trusts | New Jersey
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	5.70%	6.00%
Residential loans held in securitization trusts | Illinois
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	3.40%	3.50%

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Residential Loans, at Fair Value - Differences Between Fair Value and Aggregate Unpaid Principal (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 3,103,105	$ 3,084,303
Residential loans
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Fair Value	640,729	827,535
Residential loans | Greater than 90 days past due
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Fair Value	181,732	199,485
Unpaid Principal Balance	209,601	220,577
Residential loans | Less than 90 days past due
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Fair Value	9,632	9,362
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 10,254	$ 9,948

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Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value - Schedule of Investment Securities Available for Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	$ 2,244,116	$ 1,983,318
Unrealized Gains	22,574	36,781
Unrealized Losses	(25,350)	(6,313)
Fair Value	2,241,340	2,013,786
CECL Securities
Amortized Cost	0	35
Unrealized Gains	0	0
Unrealized Losses	0	(4)
Fair Value	0	31
Total CECL Securities and Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	2,244,116	1,983,353
Unrealized Gains	22,574	36,781
Unrealized Losses	(25,350)	(6,317)
Fair Value	2,241,340	2,013,817
Agency RMBS
Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	2,222,669	1,961,221
Unrealized Gains	16,131	30,135
Unrealized Losses	(21,315)	(2,032)
Fair Value		1,989,324
CECL Securities
Fair Value	2,217,485
Agency RMBS | Fixed rate
Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	2,015,078	1,761,138
Unrealized Gains	14,390	21,581
Unrealized Losses	(6,812)	(1,829)
Fair Value	2,022,656	1,780,890
Agency RMBS | Fixed rate | Fannie Mae
Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	1,152,811	1,084,702
Unrealized Gains	10,475	15,902
Unrealized Losses	(2,349)	(723)
Fair Value	1,160,937	1,099,881
Agency RMBS | Fixed rate | Freddie Mac
Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	862,267	676,436
Unrealized Gains	3,915	5,679
Unrealized Losses	(4,463)	(1,106)
Fair Value	861,719	681,009
Agency RMBS | Adjustable rate
Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	145,369	147,460
Unrealized Gains	1,741	1,741
Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	147,110	149,201
Agency RMBS | Adjustable rate | Fannie Mae
Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	108,212	110,036
Unrealized Gains	1,301	1,299
Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	109,513	111,335
Agency RMBS | Adjustable rate | Freddie Mac
Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	37,157	37,424
Unrealized Gains	440	442
Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	37,597	37,866
Agency RMBS | Interest-only
Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	62,222	52,623
Unrealized Gains	0	6,813
Unrealized Losses	(14,503)	(203)
Fair Value	47,719	59,233
Agency RMBS | Interest-only | Ginnie Mae
Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	62,222	52,623
Unrealized Gains	0	6,813
Unrealized Losses	(14,503)	(203)
Fair Value	47,719	59,233
Non-Agency RMBS
Fair Value Option
Amortized Cost	21,447	22,097
Unrealized Gains	6,443	6,646
Unrealized Losses	(4,035)	(4,281)
Fair Value	23,855	24,462
CECL Securities
Amortized Cost	0	35
Unrealized Gains	0	0
Unrealized Losses	0	(4)
Fair Value	$ 0	$ 31

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Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Accrued interest	$ 11,000,000		$ 9,800,000
Unrealized (loss) gains on investment securities available for sale	$ (33,200,000)	$ 900,000
Contractual maturities (up to)	39 years
Weighted average life of available for sale securities portfolio	6 years		6 years 10 months 24 days
Non Agency RMBS Held In Securitization Trust | Non-Agency RMBS
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Realized loss on write-downs	$ (400,000)	$ 0

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Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value - Weighted Average Lives for Available-for-Sale Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
0 to 5 years	$ 374,823	$ 283,554
Over 5 to 10 years	1,863,538	1,727,269
10+ years	2,979	2,994
Total	$ 2,241,340	$ 2,013,817

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Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value - Schedule of Investment Securities Available for Sale in Unrealized Loss Position (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Carrying Value	$ 0
Less Than 12 months, Gross Unrealized Losses	0
Greater Than 12 months, Carrying Value	31
Greater Than 12 months, Gross Unrealized Losses	(4)
Total, Carrying Value	31
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(4)
Non-Agency RMBS
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Carrying Value	0
Less Than 12 months, Gross Unrealized Losses	0
Greater Than 12 months, Carrying Value	31
Greater Than 12 months, Gross Unrealized Losses	(4)
Total, Carrying Value	31
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (4)

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Multi-family Loans, at Fair Value - Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Loan Investments (Details) - VIE, Not Primary Beneficiary - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Investment amount	$ 96,314	$ 95,434
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(4,409)	358
Total, at Fair Value	$ 91,905	$ 95,792

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Multi-family Loans, at Fair Value - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Loan premiums, early redemption	$ 98,000	$ 0
VIE, Not Primary Beneficiary
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Unrealized (losses) gains	(4,800,000)	500,000
Loan premiums, early redemption	$ 0	$ 0

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Multi-family Loans, at Fair Value - Unpaid Principal Balance (Details) - 90 Days or greater past due - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Fair Value (1)	$ 0	$ 4,753
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 3,363	$ 3,363

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Multi-family Loans, at Fair Value - Geographic Concentration Risk (Details) - Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Loan Investments - Geographic Concentration Risk	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Texas
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	32.70%	32.60%
Tennessee
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	15.30%	15.20%
Florida
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	10.60%	10.50%
Arkansas
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	9.50%	9.50%
Louisiana
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	7.70%	7.50%
Alabama
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	6.70%	6.70%
North Carolina
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	5.80%	5.80%
Indiana
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Geographic concentration, percent	5.20%	5.30%

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Equity Investments, at Fair Value - Schedule of Equity Investments Accounted under the Equity Method (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity Method Investments | Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 100,808		$ 104,242
Equity Method Investments | Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Fair Value	1,670		5,720
Equity Method Investments | Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Fair Value	35,465		37,154
Equity Method Investments | Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 137,943		$ 147,116
EHOF-NYMT Sunset Apartments Preferred, LLC | Equity Method Investments | Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Interest	57.00%		57.00%
Fair Value	$ 20,129		$ 19,703
Lucie at Tradition Holdings, LLC | Equity Method Investments | Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Interest	70.00%		70.00%
Fair Value	$ 19,955		$ 19,442
Syracuse Apartments and Townhomes, LLC | Equity Method Investments | Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Interest	58.00%		58.00%
Fair Value	$ 22,055		$ 21,642
Hudson Bridge Apartments, LLC - Series A, Briar Hill Apartments, LLC, Kings Glen Apartments, LLC, Flagstone Apartments, LLC, Brookfield Apartments II, LLC - Series B, and Silber JBSM Properties, LLC (collectively) | Equity Method Investments | Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Interest	58.00%		58.00%
Fair Value	$ 10,046		$ 9,882
Tides on 27th Investors, LLC | Equity Method Investments | Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Interest	54.00%		54.00%
Fair Value	$ 18,577		$ 17,937
Rapid City RMI JV LLC | Equity Method Investments | Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Interest	50.00%		50.00%
Fair Value	$ 10,046		$ 9,804
Palms at Cape Coral, LLC | Equity Method Investments | Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Interest	0.00%		34.00%
Fair Value	$ 0		$ 5,832
GWR Cedars Partners, LLC | Equity Method Investments | Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Interest	70.00%		70.00%
Fair Value	$ 277		$ 1,897
GWR Gateway Partners, LLC | Equity Method Investments | Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Interest	70.00%		70.00%
Fair Value	$ 1,393		$ 3,823
Constructive Loans, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Purchase of residential loans	$ 40,800	$ 16,000
Constructive Loans, LLC | Equity Method Investments | Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Interest	50.00%		50.00%
Fair Value	$ 35,465		$ 37,154

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Equity Investments, at Fair Value - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Gain from equity investments	$ (2,136,000)	$ 4,511,000
Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Gain from equity investments	100,000	600,000
Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Other (loss) income	$ 100,000	$ 0

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Equity Investments, at Fair Value - Schedule of Income From Multi-Family Preferred Equity Ownership Interests (Details) - Equity Method Investments - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	$ 3,603	$ 5,951
EHOF-NYMT Sunset Apartments Preferred, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	679	625
Lucie at Tradition Holdings, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	757	684
Syracuse Apartments and Townhomes, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	705	654
Hudson Bridge Apartments, LLC - Series A, Briar Hill Apartments, LLC, Kings Glen Apartments, LLC, Flagstone Apartments, LLC, Brookfield Apartments II, LLC - Series B, and Silber JBSM Properties, LLC (collectively)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	321	301
Tides on 27th Investors, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	641	797
Rapid City RMI JV LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	431	0
Palms at Cape Coral, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	69	177
FF/RMI 20 Midtown, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	0	799
America Walks at Port St. Lucie, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	0	1,126
1122 Chicago DE, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	0	251
Bighaus, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	$ 0	$ 537

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Equity Investments, at Fair Value - Schedule of Income (Loss) From Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Unrealized (losses) gains	$ (39,390)	$ 32,851
Equity Method Investments
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	3,603	5,951
Equity Method Investments | Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	(1,689)	(2,500)
Equity Method Investments | Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	(4,050)	1,060
Constructive Loans, LLC | Equity Method Investments | Single-Family Equity Ownership Interests
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	(1,689)	(2,500)
Unrealized (losses) gains	(2,200)	(3,200)
GWR Cedars Partners, LLC | Equity Method Investments | Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	(1,620)	413
GWR Gateway Partners, LLC | Equity Method Investments | Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value, gain (loss)	(2,430)	647
Headlands Asset Management Fund III (Cayman), LP (Headlands Flagship Opportunity Fund Series I) | Equity Method Investments | Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Unrealized (losses) gains	$ (4,100)	$ 1,100

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Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE) - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) securitization	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Number of securitizations completed | securitization	2
Proceeds from securitizations of loans held-for-investment	$ 497,000
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations and mortgages payable on real estate	692	$ (1,170)
Residential loans held in securitization trusts
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Proceeds from residential loan securitization redemption	147,600
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations and mortgages payable on real estate	700
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Consolidated SLST
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Variable interest entity, primary beneficiary, maximum loss exposure, amount	$ 151,200		$ 157,200

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Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE) - Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 226,939	$ 187,107	$ 227,753
Assets of disposal group held for sale		146,363	426,017
Other assets		344,999	315,357
Total Assets	[1]	7,446,815	7,401,328
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale		122,318	386,024
Other liabilities		110,751	118,016
Total Liabilities	[1]	5,927,481	5,773,202
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs		13,950	20,453
Collateralized Debt Obligations | Secured Debt
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Multi-family CDOs, at fair value		2,188,362	1,870,517
Collateralized Debt Obligations | Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost | Secured Debt
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Multi-family CDOs, at fair value		1,108,594	1,276,780
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Multi-family CDOs, at fair value		1,108,594	1,276,780
Consolidated SLST
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Multi-family CDOs, at fair value		1,079,768	593,737
VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs		1,154,221	1,131,819
Total Assets		3,829,183	3,816,777
Total Liabilities		3,192,392	3,076,818
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs		20,128	28,061	$ 54,352	$ 63,803
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Financing And Other VIEs
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		14,325	15,612
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs		1,005,161	979,934
Assets of disposal group held for sale		146,363	426,017
Other assets		200,958	138,446
Total Assets		3,829,183	3,816,777
Multi-family CDOs, at fair value		2,188,362	1,870,517
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs		850,743	784,421
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale		122,318	386,024
Other liabilities		30,969	35,856
Total Liabilities		3,192,392	3,076,818
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs		20,128	28,061
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs		13,825	20,328
Net investment		602,838	691,570
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Residential Loan Securitizations
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		0	0
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs		0	0
Assets of disposal group held for sale		0	0
Other assets		166,374	98,451
Total Assets		1,890,624	1,600,359
Multi-family CDOs, at fair value		1,605,735	1,276,780
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs		0	0
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale		0	0
Other liabilities		9,909	8,421
Total Liabilities		1,615,644	1,285,201
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs		0	0
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs		0	0
Net investment		274,980	315,158
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Consolidated SLST
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		0	0
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs		0	0
Assets of disposal group held for sale		0	0
Other assets		2,905	2,960
Total Assets		741,031	757,820
Multi-family CDOs, at fair value		582,627	593,737
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs		0	0
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale		0	0
Other liabilities		5,897	5,638
Total Liabilities		588,524	599,375
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs		0	0
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs		0	0
Net investment		152,507	158,445
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Consolidated Real Estate
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		14,325	15,612
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs		1,005,161	979,934
Assets of disposal group held for sale		146,363	426,017
Other assets		31,679	37,035
Total Assets		1,197,528	1,458,598
Multi-family CDOs, at fair value		0	0
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs		850,743	784,421
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale		122,318	386,024
Other liabilities		15,163	21,797
Total Liabilities		988,224	1,192,242
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs		20,128	28,061
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs		13,825	20,328
Net investment		175,351	217,967
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Multi-family CDOs, at fair value		1,108,594	1,276,780
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Consolidated SLST
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Multi-family CDOs, at fair value		1,079,768	593,737
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Residential loans, at fair value | Financing And Other VIEs
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Residential loans, at fair value		2,462,376	2,256,768
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Residential loans, at fair value | Residential Loan Securitizations
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Residential loans, at fair value		1,724,250	1,501,908
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Residential loans, at fair value | Consolidated SLST
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Residential loans, at fair value		738,126	754,860
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Residential loans, at fair value | Consolidated Real Estate
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Residential loans, at fair value		$ 0	$ 0

[1] Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities ("VIEs") as the Company is the primary beneficiary of these VIEs. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assets of consolidated VIEs totaled $3,829,183 and $3,816,777, respectively, and the liabilities of consolidated VIEs totaled $3,192,392 and $3,076,818, respectively. See Note 7 for further discussion.

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Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE) - Schedule of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Interest expense	$ 66,029	$ 39,335
Total net interest income	17,863	17,801
Expenses related to real estate	54,445	50,697
Total net loss from real estate	(16,369)	(8,951)
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(39,390)	32,851
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	49,211	(4,362)
Impairment of real estate	(36,247)	(10,275)
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	(14,636)	0
Other income	(3,592)	1,275
Total other (loss) income	(57,323)	25,081
NET (LOSS) INCOME	(80,059)	14,162
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	22,158	6,701
Net income (loss) attributable to Company	(57,901)	20,863
VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	14,400	5,501
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Financing And Other VIEs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Interest income	8,127	8,733
Interest expense	5,801	6,315
Total net interest income	2,326	2,418
Income from real estate	35,093	39,075
Expenses related to real estate	51,761	48,062
Total net loss from real estate	(16,668)	(8,987)
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(36)	2,299
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	2,518	(1,298)
Impairment of real estate	(32,214)	(10,275)
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	(14,636)	0
Other income	3	16
Total other (loss) income	(44,365)	(9,258)
NET (LOSS) INCOME	(58,707)	(15,827)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	22,158	6,701
Net income (loss) attributable to Company	(36,549)	(9,126)
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Consolidated SLST
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Interest income	8,127	8,733
Interest expense	5,801	6,315
Total net interest income	2,326	2,418
Income from real estate	0	0
Expenses related to real estate	0	0
Total net loss from real estate	0	0
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(36)	2,299
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	0	0
Impairment of real estate	0	0
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	0	0
Other income	0	0
Total other (loss) income	(36)	2,299
NET (LOSS) INCOME	2,290	4,717
Net income (loss) attributable to Company	2,290	4,717
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Consolidated Real Estate
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Interest income	0	0
Interest expense	0	0
Total net interest income	0	0
Income from real estate	35,093	39,075
Expenses related to real estate	51,761	48,062
Total net loss from real estate	(16,668)	(8,987)
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	0	0
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net	2,518	(1,298)
Impairment of real estate	(32,214)	(10,275)
Loss on reclassification of disposal group	(14,636)	0
Other income	3	16
Total other (loss) income	(44,329)	(11,557)
NET (LOSS) INCOME	(60,997)	(20,544)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	22,158	6,701
Net income (loss) attributable to Company	$ (38,839)	$ (13,843)

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Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE) - Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated VIEs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest [Roll Forward]
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	$ (22,158)	$ (6,701)
Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value	$ (6,428)
Weighted Average
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest [Roll Forward]
Capitalization rate	5.80%
Discount rate	14.90%
Minimum
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest [Roll Forward]
Capitalization rate	5.30%
Discount rate	13.90%
Maximum
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest [Roll Forward]
Capitalization rate	6.80%
Discount rate	15.60%
VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 28,061	63,803
Contributions	39	0
Distributions	0	(3,950)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	(14,400)	(5,501)
Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value	6,428	0
Ending balance	$ 20,128	$ 54,352

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Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE) - Classification and Carrying Value of Unconsolidated VIEs (Details) - Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Maximum exposure
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	$ 218,238	$ 230,216
Maximum exposure | Multi-family loans
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	91,905	95,792
Maximum exposure | Investment securities available for sale, at fair value
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	23,855	24,462
Maximum exposure | Equity investments
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	102,478	109,962
Non-Agency RMBS
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	23,855	24,462
Non-Agency RMBS | Multi-family loans
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	0	0
Non-Agency RMBS | Investment securities available for sale, at fair value
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	23,855	24,462
Non-Agency RMBS | Equity investments
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	0	0
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	192,713	200,034
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties | Multi-family loans
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	91,905	95,792
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties | Investment securities available for sale, at fair value
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	0	0
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties | Equity investments
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	100,808	104,242
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	1,670	5,720
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties | Multi-family loans
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	0	0
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties | Investment securities available for sale, at fair value
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	0	0
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties | Equity investments
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments	$ 1,670	$ 5,720

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Real Estate, Net - Summary of Investments (Details) - VIE, Primary Beneficiary - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Real Estate [Line Items]
Land	$ 133,522	$ 137,883
Building and improvements	1,005,596	1,020,477
Furniture, fixture and equipment	41,792	38,706
Operating real estate	1,180,910	1,197,066
Accumulated depreciation	(74,229)	(65,247)
Operating real estate, net	1,106,681	1,131,819
Real estate held for sale, net	47,540	0
Real estate, net	$ 1,154,221	$ 1,131,819

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Real Estate, Net - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) realEstateProperty	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Real Estate [Line Items]
Realized loss	$ 0
Impairment of real estate	$ 36,247,000	$ 10,275,000
Multifamily | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Real Estate [Line Items]
Number of properties impaired | realEstateProperty	4
Impairment of real estate	$ 32,800,000
Single Family
Real Estate [Line Items]
Loss on transfer of real estate to held for sale	4,000,000
Proceeds from sale of real estate	900,000
Gains on sale of real estate	$ 100,000

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Real Estate, Net - Summary of Lease Intangibles (Details) - Lease Agreements - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Real Estate [Line Items]
Lease intangibles	$ 56,656	$ 54,581
Accumulated amortization	(55,705)	(52,203)
Lease intangibles, net	$ 951	$ 2,378

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Real Estate, Net - Components of Income From Real Estate and Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Real Estate [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense related to operating real estate	$ 11,149	$ 6,039
Amortization of lease intangibles related to operating real estate	1,427	0
Total depreciation and amortization	$ 12,576	$ 6,039

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Assets and Liabilities of Disposal Group Held for Sale - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) jointVenture	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) jointVenture	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gain on de-consolidation of joint venture equity investment in Consolidated VIE		$ 50	$ 0
Multifamily
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Number of joint ventures owned, no longer held for sale | jointVenture		1
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Impairment of real estate, recovery impairment value		$ 600	800
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale | Multifamily
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Number of joint ventures owned, impaired | jointVenture		1
Disposal Group, Held-for-Sale, Not Discontinued Operations | Multifamily
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Impairment of real estate, recovery impairment value			$ 11,100
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Multifamily
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Number of joint ventures, suspended | jointVenture	9
Gain on de-consolidation of joint venture equity investment in Consolidated VIE		$ 100
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Noncontrolling interest in VIE	$ 3,200	1,700
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Disposal Group, Held-for-Sale, Not Discontinued Operations | Multifamily
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
(Loss) on sale of real estate		$ (14,600)

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Assets and Liabilities of Disposal Group Held for Sale - Carrying Values of Assets and Liabilities of Disposal Group Held for Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,615	$ 5,676
Real estate, net	138,984	407,834
Other assets	4,764	12,507
Total assets of disposal group held for sale	146,363	426,017
Mortgages payable on real estate, net	119,640	378,386
Other liabilities	2,678	7,638
Total liabilities of disposal group held for sale	$ 122,318	$ 386,024

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Assets and Liabilities of Disposal Group Held for Sale - Pretax Losses of Disposal Group Held for Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group held for sale	$ 651	$ (11,978)
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs	(30)	670
Pretax income (loss) of disposal group attributable to Company's common stockholders	$ 621	$ (11,308)

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Schedule of Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative assets	$ 7,143	$ 6,510
Total derivative liabilities	0	0
Interest rate caps
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative assets	7,123	6,510
Options
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative assets	20
Interest rate swaps
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative assets	0	0
Total derivative liabilities	0	0
U.S. Treasury futures
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative assets	0
Total derivative liabilities	0
Credit default swaps
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative liabilities	0
Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative assets	7,143	6,510
Other assets | Interest rate caps
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative assets	7,123	6,510
Other assets | Options
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative assets	20	0
Other assets | Interest rate swaps
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative assets	0	0
Other assets | U.S. Treasury futures
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative assets	0	0
Other liabilities | Credit default swaps
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Total derivative liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Reconciliation of Gross Derivative Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)	$ 38,048	$ 19,604
Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets	(14,620)	(13,094)
Variation Margin	(16,285)	0
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets	7,143	6,510
Derivative liabilities
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)	(23,888)	(40,541)
Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets	14,620	13,094
Variation Margin	(9,268)	(27,447)
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets	0	0
Interest rate caps
Derivative assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)	7,123	6,510
Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets	0	0
Variation Margin	0	0
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets	7,123	6,510
Options
Derivative assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)	20
Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets	0
Variation Margin	0
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets	20
Interest rate swaps
Derivative assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)	30,879	13,094
Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets	(14,617)	(13,094)
Variation Margin	(16,262)	0
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets	0	0
Derivative liabilities
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)	(14,617)	(40,541)
Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets	14,617	13,094
Variation Margin	0	(27,447)
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets	0	$ 0
U.S. Treasury futures
Derivative assets
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)	26
Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets	(3)
Variation Margin	(23)
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets	0
Derivative liabilities
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)	(3)
Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets	3
Variation Margin	0
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets	0
Credit default swaps
Derivative liabilities
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)	(9,268)
Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheets	0
Variation Margin	(9,268)
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Balance Sheets	$ 0

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Schedule of Initial Margin (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Margin deposit assets, initial amount	$ 66,640	$ 53,458
Restricted Cash
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Margin deposit assets, initial amount	31,620	53,458
Agency RMBS
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Margin deposit assets, initial amount	$ 35,020	$ 0

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Other assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Margin deposit asset, deficit amount	$ 8.0	$ 1.1
Other liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Margin deposit asset, deficit amount	$ (6.2)

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Activity of Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedges (Details) - Trading - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Interest rate caps
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 550,025
Additions	148,044
Terminations	(161,165)
Ending balance	536,904
Options
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0	$ 0
Additions	202	500,053
Terminations	(102)	0
Ending balance	100	500,053
Interest rate swaps
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	2,778,015	0
Additions	904,180	341,300
Terminations	(305,450)	0
Ending balance	3,376,745	$ 341,300
Credit default swaps
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0
Additions	400,000
Terminations	0
Ending balance	400,000
U.S. Treasury futures
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0
Additions	280,750
Terminations	(255,450)
Ending balance	$ 25,300

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Components of Investment Fair Value Changes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Credit default swaps
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Realized Gains (Losses)	$ (1,011)	$ 0
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(995)	0
U.S. Treasury futures
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Realized Gains (Losses)	169	0
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	23	0
Trading
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Realized Gains (Losses)	4,177	0
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	45,034	(4,362)
Trading | Interest rate caps
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Realized Gains (Losses)	0	0
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	2,806	(1,455)
Trading | Options
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Realized Gains (Losses)	(211)	0
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(509)	(420)
Trading | Interest rate swaps
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Realized Gains (Losses)	5,230	0
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	$ 43,709	$ (2,487)

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Interest Rate Cap Contracts (Details) - Interest rate caps - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
SOFR Strike Price/Range	4.10%	4.10%
Notional Amount	$ 111,000,000	$ 111,000,000
SOFR
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	4.10%	4.10%
Mortgages
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 425,904,000	$ 439,025,000
Mortgages | Minimum
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
SOFR Strike Price/Range	1.50%	1.50%
Mortgages | Maximum
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
SOFR Strike Price/Range	3.22%	3.22%
Mortgages | SOFR
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	2.43%	2.13%

XML

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Schedule of Interest Rate Derivatives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Floating Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 3,153,695	$ 2,724,965
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	4.30%	4.36%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.38%	5.34%
Fixed Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 223,050	$ 53,050
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	3.89%	3.61%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.35%	5.33%
2025 | Floating Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 1,426,370	$ 1,476,370
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	4.62%	4.62%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.38%	5.33%
2026 | Floating Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 323,985	$ 214,985
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	4.19%	4.19%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.36%	5.33%
2026 | Fixed Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 109,000
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	4.08%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.34%
2027 | Floating Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 218,090
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	3.96%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.33%
2027 | Fixed Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 61,000
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	3.79%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.34%
2028 | Floating Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 674,804	$ 674,804
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	4.03%	4.03%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.39%	5.35%
2028 | Fixed Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 9,550	$ 9,550
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	3.48%	3.48%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.35%	5.29%
2029 | Floating Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 105,580
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	3.80%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.33%
2033 | Floating Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 358,806	$ 358,806
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	4.04%	4.04%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.38%	5.34%
2033 | Fixed Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 43,500	$ 43,500
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	3.64%	3.64%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.38%	5.33%
2034 | Floating Rate Payments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 46,060
Weighted Average Fixed Interest Rate	3.79%
Weighted Average Variable Interest Rate	5.33%

XML

Other Assets and Other Liabilities - Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Offsetting [Abstract]
Restricted cash	$ 163,792	$ 143,535	$ 115,249
Real estate owned	41,397	34,353
Accrued interest receivable	39,936	37,312
Other assets in consolidated multi-family properties	24,321	28,923
Recoverable advances on residential loans	18,093	18,328
Other receivables	16,781	12,593
Collections receivable from residential loan servicers	16,732	14,956
Derivative assets	7,143	6,510
Operating lease right-of-use assets	6,308	6,581
Deferred tax assets	4,162	4,510
Lease intangibles, net in consolidated multi-family properties	951	2,378
Other	5,383	5,378
Other assets	$ 344,999	$ 315,357
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets	Other assets

XML

Other Assets and Other Liabilities - Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Offsetting [Abstract]
Dividends and dividend equivalents payable	$ 30,101	$ 32,151
Accrued interest payable	27,836	23,653
Accrued expenses and other liabilities in consolidated multi-family properties	15,163	21,797
Operating lease liabilities	6,823	7,102
Accrued expenses	6,303	11,515
Swap margin payable	6,193	0
Deferred revenue	5,220	5,469
Advanced remittances from residential loan servicers	4,999	4,332
Unfunded commitments for residential and multi-family investments	3,701	6,587
Deferred tax liabilities	1,391	2,012
Other	3,021	3,398
Other liabilities	$ 110,751	$ 118,016
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other liabilities	Other liabilities

XML

Repurchase Agreements - Company's Repurchase Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total carrying value	$ 2,512,008	$ 2,471,113
Investment securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total carrying value	2,057,361	1,862,063
Residential loans and real estate owned
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total carrying value	380,641	534,754
Single-family rental properties
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total carrying value	$ 74,006	$ 74,296

XML

Repurchase Agreements - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) counterparty	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) counterparty	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 226,939	$ 187,107	$ 227,753
Securities borrowed	$ 151,073
Number of counterparties with amounts outstanding under repurchase agreements | counterparty	7	7
Repurchase agreements, number of counterparties | counterparty	2
Financings under repurchase agreements, aggregate outstanding balance	$ 353,100
Accrued interest payable	$ 16,800	$ 13,600
Weighted average advance rate	93.70%	93.40%
Average interest rate haircut	6.30%	6.60%
Average days to maturity	40 days	46 days
Weighted average interest rate	5.55%	5.66%
Interest rate caps
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements, number of counterparties | counterparty	1
Residential loans
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Securities borrowed	$ 186,800
Number of counterparties with amounts outstanding under repurchase agreements | counterparty	5
Residential Loans, Real Estate Owned and Single-Family Rental Properties
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Accrued interest payable	$ 2,900	$ 3,700
Agency RMBS
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Securities borrowed	$ 85,101
Average interest rate haircut	4.70%
Non-Agency RMBS
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Securities borrowed	$ 65,972
Average interest rate haircut	56.50%
Repurchase agreements
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 212,600
Securities borrowed	$ 151,100
Atlas SP
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Repurchase agreement percentage at risk	6.39%
Bank of America
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Repurchase agreement percentage at risk	5.02%

XML

Repurchase Agreements - Schedule of Unencumbered Securities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Securities borrowed	$ 151,073
Agency RMBS
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Securities borrowed	85,101
Non-Agency RMBS
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Securities borrowed	65,972
Non-Agency RMBS | Residential Loan Securitizations
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Collateralized debt obligations, repurchased residential loan securitization	26,000
Non-Agency RMBS | Consolidated SLST
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Securities borrowed	$ 16,200

XML

Repurchase Agreements - Borrowings Under Financing Arrangements and Associated Assets Pledged as Collateral (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Outstanding Repurchase Agreements	$ 2,057,361	$ 1,862,063
Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements	2,512,008	2,471,113
Value of Assets Pledged	$ 3,103,105	$ 3,084,303
Weighted average months to maturity	40 days	46 days
Single Family
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Value of Assets Pledged	$ 141,400	$ 146,700
Residential Loans
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Value of Assets Pledged		658,300
Residential loans and real estate owned
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements	380,641	534,754
Value of Assets Pledged	466,500
Residential loans
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Maximum Aggregate Uncommitted Principal Amount	2,225,000	2,225,000
Outstanding Repurchase Agreements	456,038	611,055
Net Deferred Finance Costs	(1,391)	(2,005)
Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements	454,647	609,050
Value of Assets Pledged	$ 607,904	$ 805,082
Weighted Average Rate	7.91%	7.87%
Weighted average months to maturity	12 years 9 months 25 days	13 years 10 months 20 days
Residential loans | Repurchase Agreement, Non Mark-to Market
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Outstanding Repurchase Agreements	$ 103,000	$ 179,100
Weighted Average Rate	8.12%	8.19%
Weighted average months to maturity	12 months	14 months

XML

Repurchase Agreements - Repurchase Agreements Secured by Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Outstanding Repurchase Agreements	$ 2,057,361	$ 1,862,063
Value of Assets Pledged	3,103,105	3,084,303
Accrued interest payable	16,800	13,600
Single Family
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Value of Assets Pledged	141,400	146,700
Agency RMBS And Non-Agency RMBS
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Outstanding Repurchase Agreements	2,057,361	1,862,063
Value of Assets Pledged	2,239,331	2,076,435
Amortized Cost of Collateral Pledged	2,290,661	2,102,412
Agency RMBS
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Outstanding Repurchase Agreements	1,991,485	1,771,436
Value of Assets Pledged	2,097,364	1,894,052
Amortized Cost of Collateral Pledged	2,098,851	1,869,415
Non-Agency RMBS
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Outstanding Repurchase Agreements	65,876	90,627
Value of Assets Pledged	141,967	182,383
Amortized Cost of Collateral Pledged	191,810	232,997
Non-Agency RMBS | Residential Loan Securitizations
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Amortized Cost of Collateral Pledged	6,900	42,100
Non-Agency RMBS | Consolidated SLST
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Amortized Cost of Collateral Pledged	$ 135,100	$ 140,300

XML

Repurchase Agreements - Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements, maturities	$ 2,057,361	$ 1,862,063
Within 30 days
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements, maturities	667,429	505,446
Over 30 days to 90 days
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements, maturities	1,389,932	1,263,000
Over 90 days
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements, maturities	$ 0	$ 93,617

XML

Collateralized Debt Obligations - Schedule of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate increase, non-redemption	3.00%
Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate increase, non-redemption	1.00%
Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate increase, non-redemption	2.00%
Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two | Weighted Average
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate increase, non-redemption	1.50%
Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate increase, non-redemption	1.00%
Collateralized Debt Obligations | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding Face Amount	$ 2,292,656	$ 1,944,948
Carrying Value	2,188,362	1,870,517
Collateralized Debt Obligations | Secured Debt | Consolidated SLST
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding Face Amount	640,426	652,933
Carrying Value	$ 582,627	$ 593,737
Weighted average interest rate	2.75%	2.75%
Collateralized Debt Obligations | Secured Debt | Consolidated SLST | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value	$ 389,685
Collateralized Debt Obligations | Secured Debt | Consolidated SLST | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value	721,455
Collateralized Debt Obligations | Secured Debt | Residential loan securitizations
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding Face Amount	528,534
Carrying Value	$ 497,141
Weighted average interest rate	5.28%
Collateralized Debt Obligations | Secured Debt | Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding Face Amount	$ 1,123,696	$ 1,292,015
Carrying Value	$ 1,108,594	$ 1,276,780
Weighted average interest rate	3.73%	4.00%

XML

Collateralized Debt Obligations - Maturities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2024	$ 53,615
2025	386,175
2026	126,595
2027	0
2028	0
Total	1,000,217
Secured Debt | Collateralized Debt Obligations
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2024	0
2025	0
2026	45,738
2027	222,888
2028	0
Thereafter	2,024,030
Total	$ 2,292,656

XML

Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 27, 2021	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt			$ 1,000,217,000
CME Term, SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Spread on variable interest rate			0.26161%
5.75% Senior Notes Due 2026 | Senior unsecured notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal value of trust preferred securities		$ 100,000,000
Interest rate		5.75%
Debt instrument, percentage of principal issued		100.00%
Proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes, net		$ 96,300,000
Long-term debt			$ 100,000,000
Deferred loan fees, net			$ 1,700,000	$ 1,900,000
Debt issuance costs, amortization rate			6.64%
5.75% Senior Notes Due 2026 | Senior unsecured notes | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage		100.00%
5.75% Senior Notes Due 2026 | Senior unsecured notes | April 30, 2023 - April 29, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	100.00%
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage multiplyer		2.875%
5.75% Senior Notes Due 2026 | Senior unsecured notes | Between BB+ and B+ Credit Rating
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate increase		0.50%
5.75% Senior Notes Due 2026 | Senior unsecured notes | B+ or Below Credit Rating
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate increase		0.75%

XML

Debt - Schedule of Debt Redemption Details (Details) - 5.75% Senior Notes Due 2026 - Senior unsecured notes	Apr. 27, 2021
April 30, 2023 - April 29, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage multiplyer	2.875%
April 30, 2024 - April 29, 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage multiplyer	1.4375%
April 30, 2025 - April 29, 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage multiplyer	0.00%

XML

Debt - Preferred Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
CME Term, SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	0.26161%
NYM Preferred Trust I
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal value of trust preferred securities	$ 25,000	$ 25,000
NYM Preferred Trust I | CME Term, SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	0.26161%	0.26161%
NYM Preferred Trust I | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	3.75%	3.75%
NYM Preferred Trust II
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal value of trust preferred securities	$ 20,000	$ 20,000
NYM Preferred Trust II | CME Term, SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	0.26161%	0.26161%
NYM Preferred Trust II | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	3.95%	3.95%

XML

Debt - Schedule of Mortgage Notes Payable On Operating Real Estate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Mortgage Payable, Net	$ 1,000,217
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Mortgages
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum Committed Mortgage Principal Amount	879,354	$ 810,047
Outstanding Mortgage Balance	855,217	789,053
Net Deferred Finance Cost	(4,474)	(4,632)
Mortgage Payable, Net	$ 850,743	$ 784,421
Weighted Average Interest Rate	6.57%	6.41%

XML

Debt - Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	$ 53,615
2025	386,175
2026	126,595
2027	0
2028	0
2029	244,796
Thereafter	189,036
Total	$ 1,000,217

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets carried at fair value
Investment securities available for sale:	$ 0	$ 31
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	38,048	19,604
Derivative liabilities
Derivative Asset	(7,143)	(6,510)
Variation Margin	9,268	27,447
Interest rate caps
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	7,123	6,510
Interest rate swaps
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	30,879	13,094
Derivative liabilities
Variation Margin	0	27,447
U.S. Treasury futures
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	26
Derivative liabilities
Variation Margin	0
Credit default swaps
Derivative liabilities
Variation Margin	9,268
Interest Rate Swaps, Credit Default Swaps, U.S. Treasury Futures
Derivative liabilities
Variation Margin	7,000	27,400
Agency RMBS
Assets carried at fair value
Investment securities available for sale:	2,217,485
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Assets carried at fair value
Fair Value	137,943	147,116
Assets of disposal group held for sale	740	2,960
Total	5,582,176	5,350,498
Derivative liabilities
Total	1,079,768	593,737
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Interest rate caps
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	7,123	6,510
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Option
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	20	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Interest rate swaps
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. Treasury futures
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Credit default swaps
Derivative liabilities
Derivative liability	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Interest Rate Swaps, Credit Default Swaps, U.S. Treasury Futures | Central Clearing House
Derivative liabilities
Derivative liability	23,900	40,500
Derivative Asset	(30,900)	(13,100)
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	738,126	754,860
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loans
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	640,729	827,535
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loans held in securitization trusts
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	1,724,250	1,501,908
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Agency RMBS
Assets carried at fair value
Investment securities available for sale:	2,217,485	1,989,324
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Non-Agency RMBS
Assets carried at fair value
Investment securities available for sale:	23,855	24,493
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Multi-family loans
Assets carried at fair value
Multi-family loans	91,905	95,792
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Consolidated SLST | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Liabilities carried at fair value
Consolidated SLST	582,627	593,737
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loan securitizations
Liabilities carried at fair value
Consolidated SLST	497,141	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Assets carried at fair value
Fair Value	0	0
Assets of disposal group held for sale	0	0
Total	0	0
Derivative liabilities
Total	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Interest rate caps
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Option
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Interest rate swaps
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. Treasury futures
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Credit default swaps
Derivative liabilities
Derivative liability	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loans
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loans held in securitization trusts
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Agency RMBS
Assets carried at fair value
Investment securities available for sale:	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Non-Agency RMBS
Assets carried at fair value
Investment securities available for sale:	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Multi-family loans
Assets carried at fair value
Multi-family loans	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Consolidated SLST | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Liabilities carried at fair value
Consolidated SLST	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loan securitizations
Liabilities carried at fair value
Consolidated SLST	0	0
Level 2
Derivative liabilities
Derivative Asset	(7,143)	(6,510)
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Assets carried at fair value
Fair Value	0	0
Assets of disposal group held for sale	740	2,960
Total	2,249,223	2,023,287
Derivative liabilities
Total	497,141	0
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Interest rate caps
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	7,123	6,510
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Option
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	20	0
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Interest rate swaps
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. Treasury futures
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Credit default swaps
Derivative liabilities
Derivative liability	0	0
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Derivative Asset
Assets carried at fair value
Assets of disposal group held for sale	700	3,000
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	0	0
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loans
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	0	0
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loans held in securitization trusts
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	0	0
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Agency RMBS
Assets carried at fair value
Investment securities available for sale:	2,217,485	1,989,324
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Non-Agency RMBS
Assets carried at fair value
Investment securities available for sale:	23,855	24,493
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Multi-family loans
Assets carried at fair value
Multi-family loans	0	0
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Consolidated SLST | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Liabilities carried at fair value
Consolidated SLST	0	0
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loan securitizations
Liabilities carried at fair value
Consolidated SLST	497,141	0
Level 3
Assets carried at fair value
Fair Value	137,943	147,116
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Assets carried at fair value
Fair Value	137,943	147,116
Assets of disposal group held for sale	0	0
Total	3,332,953	3,327,211
Derivative liabilities
Total	582,627	593,737
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Interest rate caps
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Option
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Interest rate swaps
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. Treasury futures
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets	0	0
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Credit default swaps
Derivative liabilities
Derivative liability	0	0
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	738,126	754,860
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loans
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	640,729	827,535
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loans held in securitization trusts
Assets carried at fair value
Residential loans, at fair value	1,724,250	1,501,908
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Agency RMBS
Assets carried at fair value
Investment securities available for sale:	0	0
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Non-Agency RMBS
Assets carried at fair value
Investment securities available for sale:	0	0
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Multi-family loans
Assets carried at fair value
Multi-family loans	91,905	95,792
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Consolidated SLST | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Liabilities carried at fair value
Consolidated SLST	582,627	593,737
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Residential loan securitizations
Liabilities carried at fair value
Consolidated SLST	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Valuation for Level 3 Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 3,327,211	$ 3,801,370
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Abstract]
Included in earnings	(9,009)	54,963
Transfers out	(21,066)	(326)
Transfers to securitization trust, net	0	0
Funding/Contributions		21,948
Paydowns/Distributions	(241,006)	(294,927)
Sales	(28,912)	(166)
Purchases	305,735	88,521
Balance at the end of period	$ 3,332,953	$ 3,671,383
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Operating Income (Expense), Net	Other Operating Income (Expense), Net
Residential loans
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 827,535	$ 1,081,384
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Abstract]
Included in earnings	(2,924)	(599)
Transfers out	(18,180)	(93)
Transfers to securitization trust, net	(370,804)	(86,110)
Funding/Contributions		0
Paydowns/Distributions	(62,718)	(141,355)
Sales	(22,204)	(166)
Purchases	290,024	67,939
Balance at the end of period	640,729	921,000
Residential loans | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	754,860	827,582
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Abstract]
Included in earnings	(138)	15,121
Transfers out	0	0
Transfers to securitization trust, net	0	0
Funding/Contributions		0
Paydowns/Distributions	(16,596)	(13,550)
Sales	0	0
Purchases	0	0
Balance at the end of period	738,126	829,153
Residential loans held in securitization trusts
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	1,501,908	1,616,114
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Abstract]
Included in earnings	(1,773)	33,041
Transfers out	(2,886)	(233)
Transfers to securitization trust, net	370,804	86,110
Funding/Contributions		0
Paydowns/Distributions	(152,806)	(130,911)
Sales	(6,708)	0
Purchases	15,711	20,582
Balance at the end of period	1,724,250	1,624,703
Multi-family loans
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	95,792	87,534
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Abstract]
Included in earnings	(2,137)	2,889
Transfers out	0	0
Transfers to securitization trust, net	0	0
Funding/Contributions		6,420
Paydowns/Distributions	(1,750)	(1,534)
Sales	0	0
Purchases	0	0
Balance at the end of period	91,905	95,309
Equity investments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	147,116	179,746
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Abstract]
Included in earnings	(2,037)	3,451
Transfers out	0	0
Transfers to securitization trust, net	0	0
Funding/Contributions		15,528
Paydowns/Distributions	(7,136)	(7,577)
Sales	0	0
Purchases	0	0
Balance at the end of period	$ 137,943	191,148
Equity investments in disposal group held for sale
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period		9,010
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Abstract]
Included in earnings		1,060
Transfers out		0
Transfers to securitization trust, net		0
Funding/Contributions		0
Paydowns/Distributions		0
Sales		0
Purchases		0
Balance at the end of period		$ 10,070

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Valuation for Level 3 Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Total gains (realized/unrealized)
Fair Value Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation Liability Gain Loss Statement Of Income Extensible List Not Disclosed Flag	Included in earnings	Included in earnings
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 593,737	$ 634,495
Total gains (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings	1,396	14,511
Paydowns	(12,506)	(10,493)
Balance at the end of period	$ 582,627	$ 638,513

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Schedule of Quantitative Information Regarding Significant and Unobservable Inputs Used in the Valuation of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Consolidated SLST
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Carrying Value	$ 1,079,768,000	$ 593,737,000
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Carrying Value	1,079,768,000	593,737,000
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Variable interest entity, primary beneficiary, maximum loss exposure, amount	151,200,000	157,200,000
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, at fair value	3,103,105,000
Fair Value	137,943,000	147,116,000
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Carrying Value	582,627,000	$ 593,737,000
Level 3 | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Equity investments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 102,478,000
Level 3 | Loss severity | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average | Equity investments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Equity method investment, measurement input	0
Level 3 | Discount rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average | Equity investments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Equity method investment, measurement input	0.140
Level 3 | Discount rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum | Equity investments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Equity method investment, measurement input	0.130
Level 3 | Discount rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum | Equity investments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Equity method investment, measurement input	0.155
Level 3 | Months to assumed redemption | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average | Equity investments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, assumed redemption period (in months)	20 months
Level 3 | Months to assumed redemption | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum | Equity investments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, assumed redemption period (in months)	5 months
Level 3 | Months to assumed redemption | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum | Equity investments
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, assumed redemption period (in months)	52 months
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, at fair value	$ 2,164,114,000
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, at fair value	$ 200,865,000
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Lifetime CPR | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.048
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Lifetime CPR | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Lifetime CPR | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.565
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Lifetime CDR | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.007
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Lifetime CDR | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Lifetime CDR | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.221
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Loss severity | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.119
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Loss severity | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Loss severity | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	1.000
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Yield | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.076
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Yield | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.051
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Yield | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.432
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Yield | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Weighted Average
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.075
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Yield | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Minimum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.075
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Yield | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Maximum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.269
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Annual home price appreciation/(depreciation) | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Weighted Average
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.002
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Annual home price appreciation/(depreciation) | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Minimum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Annual home price appreciation/(depreciation) | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Maximum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input	0.136
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Liquidation timeline (months) | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Weighted Average
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input, liquidation timeline (in months)	18 months
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Liquidation timeline (months) | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Minimum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input, liquidation timeline (in months)	9 months
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Liquidation timeline (months) | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Maximum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, measurement input, liquidation timeline (in months)	50 months
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Property value | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Weighted Average
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, at fair value	$ 2,064,802
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Property value | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Minimum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, at fair value	14,000
Level 3 | Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts | Property value | Valuation Technique, Liquidation Model | Maximum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, at fair value	12,750,000
Level 3 | Multi-family loans | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Multi-family loans	$ 91,905,000
Level 3 | Multi-family loans | Loss severity | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, measurement input	0
Level 3 | Multi-family loans | Discount rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, measurement input	0.122
Level 3 | Multi-family loans | Discount rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, measurement input	0.110
Level 3 | Multi-family loans | Discount rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, measurement input	0.205
Level 3 | Multi-family loans | Months to assumed redemption | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, assumed redemption period (in months)	31 months
Level 3 | Multi-family loans | Months to assumed redemption | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, assumed redemption period (in months)	2 months
Level 3 | Multi-family loans | Months to assumed redemption | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, assumed redemption period (in months)	54 months
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Residential mortgage loans, at fair value	$ 738,126,000
Variable interest entity, primary beneficiary, maximum loss exposure, amount	151,200,000
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Carrying Value	$ 582,627,000
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Loss severity | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0.211
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Loss severity | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0.108
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Loss severity | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0.513
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Yield | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0.059
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Yield | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0.050
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Yield | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0.100
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Collateral prepayment rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0.061
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Collateral prepayment rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0.026
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Collateral prepayment rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0.070
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Collateral default rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0.013
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Collateral default rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Minimum | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | Collateral default rate | Valuation Technique, Discounted Cash Flow | Maximum | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, measurement input	0.086

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings for Level 3 Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Assets
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Unrealized (losses) gains, net	Unrealized (losses) gains, net
Liabilities
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Unrealized (losses) gains, net	Unrealized (losses) gains, net
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Assets
Unrealized gains (losses)	$ 506	$ 15,807
Residential loans | Level 3
Assets
Unrealized gains (losses)	(8,303)	(3,320)
Residential Loans Held in Securitization Trusts | Level 3
Assets
Unrealized gains (losses)	(4,362)	30,077
Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Loan Investments | Level 3
Assets
Unrealized gains (losses)	(4,777)	453
Equity investments | Level 3
Assets
Unrealized gains (losses)	(6,161)	(2,577)
Equity investments in disposal group held for sale | Level 3
Assets
Unrealized gains (losses)	0	1,060
Collateralized Debt Obligations | Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Liabilities
Unrealized gains (losses)	$ (542)	$ (13,508)

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value of the Company's Financial Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 226,939	$ 187,107	$ 227,753
Equity Investments, carrying value	137,943	147,116
Derivative Asset, carrying value	7,143	6,510
Collateralized debt obligations:
Subordinated debentures, carrying value	45,000	45,000
Senior unsecured notes, carrying value	98,299	$ 98,111
Mortgages payable on operating real estate, carrying value	$ 1,000,217
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets	Other assets
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Financial Assets:
Equity Investment, estimated fair value	$ 137,943	$ 147,116
VIE, Primary Beneficiary | Mortgages
Collateralized debt obligations:
Mortgages payable on operating real estate, carrying value	850,743	784,421
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net
Collateralized debt obligations:
Carrying Value	1,108,594	1,276,780
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Collateralized debt obligations:
Carrying Value	1,108,594	1,276,780
Consolidated SLST
Collateralized debt obligations:
Carrying Value	1,079,768	593,737
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Collateralized debt obligations:
Carrying Value	1,079,768	593,737
Level 1
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	226,939	187,107
Cash and cash equivalents, estimated fair value	226,939	187,107
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Financial Assets:
Equity Investment, estimated fair value	0	0
Level 3
Financial Assets:
Equity Investments, carrying value	137,943	147,116
Equity Investment, estimated fair value	137,943	147,116
Collateralized debt obligations:
Subordinated debentures, carrying value	45,000	45,000
Subordinated debentures, estimated fair value	28,518	32,137
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Financial Assets:
Equity Investment, estimated fair value	137,943	147,116
Level 3 | Mortgages
Collateralized debt obligations:
Mortgages payable on operating real estate, carrying value	850,743	784,421
Mortgages payable on operating real estate, estimated fair value	825,042	761,194
Mortgages payable on real estate in disposal group held for sale, carrying value	119,640	378,386
Mortgages payable on real estate in disposal group held for sale, estimated fair value	118,669	377,735
Level 3 | Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net
Collateralized debt obligations:
Carrying Value	1,108,594	1,276,780
Collateralized debt obligations, fair value	1,082,924	1,237,531
Level 3 | Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Collateralized debt obligations:
Carrying Value	582,627	593,737
Collateralized debt obligations, fair value	582,627	593,737
Level 3 | Residential loans
Financial Assets:
Residential loans, carrying value	3,103,105	3,084,303
Residential mortgage loans at fair value	3,103,105	3,084,303
Level 3 | Multi-family loans
Financial Assets:
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments, carrying value	91,905	95,792
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments, estimated fair value	91,905	95,792
Level 2
Financial Assets:
Investment securities available for sale:	2,241,340	2,013,817
Derivative Asset, carrying value	7,143	6,510
Derivative Asset, estimated fair value	7,143	6,510
Derivative assets in disposal group held for sale, carrying value	740	2,960
Derivative assets in disposal group held for sale, estimated fair value	740	2,960
Collateralized debt obligations:
Senior unsecured notes, carrying value	98,299	98,111
Senior unsecured notes, estimated fair value	95,861	94,952
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Financial Assets:
Equity Investment, estimated fair value	0	0
Level 2 | Repurchase agreements
Financial Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements	2,512,008	2,471,113
Level 2 | Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net
Collateralized debt obligations:
Residential loan securitizations at fair value, carrying value	497,141	0
Residential loan securitizations at fair value	$ 497,141	$ 0

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Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details)		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 22, 2023 shares	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) quarter seriesOfPreferredStock director $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	Feb. 21, 2023 shares	Mar. 02, 2022 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 10, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of series of cumulative redeemable preferred stock outstanding | seriesOfPreferredStock		4
Net income attributable to company's common stockholders | $		$ (68,340,000)	$ 10,521,000
Redemption price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 25.00
Preferred stock redemption period		120 days
Number of elected directors pending preferred stock voting rights | director		2
Percent of outstanding shares affirmative votes needed for material and adverse changes to preferred stock terms		66.67%
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	200,000,000	200,000,000		200,000,000	800,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.01		$ 0.01
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)		91,231,039		90,675,403
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)		91,231,039		90,675,403
Reverse stock split (in shares)	0.25
Equity Distribution Agreements
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares								$ 0.01
Common stock that may be sold (up to) | $								$ 100,000,000
Shares issued (in shares)		0	0
Common stock reserved for issuance | $		$ 100,000,000
Equity agreement for preferred stock maximum aggregate sales price (up to) | $						$ 149,100,000
Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares)		0	0
Preferred stock available for future issuance, value | $		$ 100,000,000
Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)		200,000,000		200,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.01		$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)		22,164,414		22,164,414
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)		22,164,414		22,164,414
Common stock repurchases | $			$ 320,000
Number of quarters with no dividends that results in voting rights | quarter		6
Preferred Stock | Stock Repurchase Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount | $			100,000,000
Series D
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)		8,400,000		8,400,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)		6,107,318		6,107,318
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)		6,107,318		6,107,318
Preferred stock, contractual rate, percentage		8.00%		8.00%
Series E
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)		9,900,000		9,900,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)		7,343,151		7,343,151
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)		7,343,151		7,343,151
Preferred stock, contractual rate, percentage		7.875%		7.875%
Series F
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)		7,750,000		7,750,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)		5,740,209		5,740,209
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)		5,740,209		5,740,209
Preferred stock, contractual rate, percentage		6.875%		6.875%
Series G
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)		5,450,000		5,450,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)		2,973,736		2,973,736
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)		2,973,736		2,973,736
Preferred stock, contractual rate, percentage		7.00%		7.00%
Common stock repurchases | $			$ 300,000
Series G | Stock Repurchase Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares repurchased (in shares)			19,177
Average cost per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 16.64
Net income attributable to company's common stockholders | $			$ 100,000
Remaining authorized repurchase amount | $		$ 97,600,000
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares repurchased (in shares)		0	377,508
Common stock repurchases | $			$ 3,610,000
Average cost per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 9.56
Common Stock | Stock Repurchase Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount | $			$ 246,000,000				$ 200,000,000
Remaining authorized repurchase amount | $		$ 193,200,000

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Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Preferred Stock Issued and Outstanding (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Carrying Value	$ 535,445,000	$ 535,445,000
CME Term, SOFR
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Spread on variable interest rate	0.26161%
Series D
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	8,400,000	8,400,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	6,107,318	6,107,318
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	6,107,318	6,107,318
Carrying Value	$ 147,745,000	$ 147,745,000
Liquidation Preference	$ 152,683,000	$ 152,683,000
Preferred stock, contractual rate, percentage	8.00%	8.00%
Series D | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Spread on variable interest rate	5.695%	5.695%
Series E
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	9,900,000	9,900,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	7,343,151	7,343,151
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	7,343,151	7,343,151
Carrying Value	$ 177,697,000	$ 177,697,000
Liquidation Preference	$ 183,579,000	$ 183,579,000
Preferred stock, contractual rate, percentage	7.875%	7.875%
Series E | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Spread on variable interest rate	6.429%	6.429%
Series F
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	7,750,000	7,750,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	5,740,209	5,740,209
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	5,740,209	5,740,209
Carrying Value	$ 138,418,000	$ 138,418,000
Liquidation Preference	$ 143,505,000	$ 143,505,000
Preferred stock, contractual rate, percentage	6.875%	6.875%
Series F | Underwritten Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, liquidation preference per share (in dollars per share)	$ 25
Series F | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Spread on variable interest rate	6.13%	6.13%
Series G
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,450,000	5,450,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	2,973,736	2,973,736
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,973,736	2,973,736
Carrying Value	$ 71,585,000	$ 71,585,000
Liquidation Preference	$ 74,343,000	$ 74,343,000
Preferred stock, contractual rate, percentage	7.00%	7.00%
Preferred Stock, Series Shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	31,500,000	31,500,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	22,164,414	22,164,414
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	22,164,414	22,164,414
Carrying Value	$ 535,445,000	$ 535,445,000
Liquidation Preference	$ 554,110,000	$ 554,110,000

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Stockholders' Equity - Cash Dividends Declared - Preferred Stock (Details) - $ / shares	Apr. 15, 2024	Jan. 15, 2024	Oct. 15, 2023	Jul. 15, 2023	Apr. 15, 2023
Series D
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Cash dividend per share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.50	$ 0.50	$ 0.50	$ 0.50
Series D | Subsequent Event
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Cash dividend per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.50
Series E
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Cash dividend per share (in dollars per share)		0.4921875	0.4921875	0.4921875	0.4921875
Series E | Subsequent Event
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Cash dividend per share (in dollars per share)	0.4921875
Series F
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Cash dividend per share (in dollars per share)		0.4296875	0.4296875	0.4296875	0.4296875
Series F | Subsequent Event
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Cash dividend per share (in dollars per share)	0.4296875
Series G
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Cash dividend per share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.43750	$ 0.43750	$ 0.43750	$ 0.43750
Series G | Subsequent Event
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Cash dividend per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.43750

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Stockholders' Equity - Cash Dividends Declared - Common Stock (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Cash dividend per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.20	$ 0.20	$ 0.30	$ 0.30	$ 0.40

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(Loss) Earnings Per Common Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Basic (Loss) Earnings per Common Share:
Net (loss) income attributable to Company	$ (57,901)	$ 20,863
Less: Preferred Stock dividends	(10,439)	(10,484)
Plus: Gain on repurchase of Preferred Stock	0	142
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	$ (68,340)	$ 10,521
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	91,117	91,314
Basic (Loss) Earnings per Common Share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.75)	$ 0.12
Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share:
Net (loss) income attributable to Company	$ (57,901)	$ 20,863
Less: Preferred Stock dividends	(10,439)	(10,484)
Plus: Gain on repurchase of Preferred Stock	0	142
Net (loss) income attributable to Company's common stockholders	$ (68,340)	$ 10,521
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	91,117	91,314
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	91,117	91,672
Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.75)	$ 0.11
Performance Share Awards
Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share:
Net effect of assumed PSUs/RSUs vested (in shares)	0	358

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Stock Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-vested shares (in shares)	616,752	550,536	524,570			526,074
Share-based compensation expense	$ 0.9	$ 1.0
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 5.8	6.8
Unrecognized compensation cost, period for recognition	2 years 1 month 6 days
Fair value of vested shares	$ 2.1	$ 3.0
Requisite service period	3 years
Shares vested (in shares)	246,917	244,015
Performance Share Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value, expected term	3 years
RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-vested shares (in shares)	194,211	119,064	351,974			263,708
Shares vested (in shares)	157,763	131,094
2017 Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Maximum number of shares that may be issued (in shares)	10,792,500
Shares available for grant (in shares)	6,161,318		6,249,922
2017 Incentive Plan | Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-vested shares (in shares)	616,752		524,570
2017 Incentive Plan | Performance Share Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for grant (in shares)	1,109,884		1,802,352
Share-based compensation expense	$ 0.8	$ 1.1
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 4.1	4.6
Unrecognized compensation cost, period for recognition	1 year 6 months
Fair value of vested shares	$ 3.6	$ 2.0
Fair value, expected term for volatility rate	3 years
Award vesting period				3 years	3 years
Shares vested (in shares)	441,973	161,577
Vested shares target (in shares)	350,886	201,978
2017 Incentive Plan | RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for grant (in shares)	194,211		351,974
Share-based compensation expense	$ 0.3	$ 0.3
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 1.8	1.5
Unrecognized compensation cost, period for recognition	1 year 7 months 6 days
Fair value of vested shares	$ 1.3	$ 1.4
Requisite service period	3 years
Shares vested (in shares)	157,763	131,094
2017 Incentive Plan | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Employee | Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares)			1,204,781
2017 Incentive Plan | Director | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares)	301,472		301,472
2017 Incentive Plan | Employee | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Employee
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares)	1,543,880

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Stock Based Compensation - Non-vested Restricted Stock, PSU and RSU Award Activity (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Restricted Stock
Number of Non-vested Restricted Shares
Non-vested shares at beginning of period (in shares)	524,570	526,074
Granted (in shares)	342,628	275,248
Vested (in shares)	(246,917)	(244,015)
Forfeited (in shares)	(3,529)	(6,771)
Non-vested shares at end of period (in shares)	616,752	550,536
Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested shares at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 13.57	$ 16.34
Granted (in dollars per share)	8.23	12.36
Vested (in dollars per share)	13.90	18.18
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	11.33	13.04
Non-vested shares at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 10.45	$ 13.57
PSUs, Target
Number of Non-vested Restricted Shares
Non-vested shares at beginning of period (in shares)	905,825	786,577
Vested (in shares)	(350,886)	(201,978)
Non-vested shares at end of period (in shares)	554,939	584,599
PSUs
Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested shares at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 18.12	$ 23.06
Vested (in dollars per share)	22.31	28.18
Non-vested shares at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 15.47	$ 21.29
Fair value, expected term	3 years
RSUs
Number of Non-vested Restricted Shares
Non-vested shares at beginning of period (in shares)	351,974	263,708
Vested (in shares)	(157,763)	(131,094)
Forfeited (in shares)	0	(13,550)
Non-vested shares at end of period (in shares)	194,211	119,064
Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested shares at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 11.65	$ 16.11
Vested (in dollars per share)	12.45	17.40
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	0	14.76
Non-vested shares at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 10.99	$ 14.83

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Income Taxes - Income Tax Provision (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Current income tax expense	$ 163	$ 187
Deferred income tax benefit	(274)	(171)
Total income tax (benefit) expense	$ (111)	$ 16

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Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carryforward	$ 8,777	$ 7,128
Capital loss carryover	25,397	19,597
GAAP/Tax basis differences	6,275	2,989
Deferred tax assets	40,449	29,714
Less: Valuation allowance	(36,287)	(25,204)
Net deferred tax assets	4,162	4,510
Deferred tax liabilities
GAAP/Tax basis differences	1,391	2,012
Deferred tax liabilities	1,391	2,012
Total net deferred tax asset	$ 2,771	$ 2,498

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Change in valuation allowance	$ 11.1
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	25.8
Capital losses	$ 74.5

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Net Interest Income - Schedule of Components of Interest Income and Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Interest income	$ 83,892	$ 57,136
Interest expense	66,029	39,335
Total net interest income	17,863	17,801
Senior unsecured notes
Senior unsecured notes	1,626	1,614
Subordinated debentures
Subordinated debentures	1,073	962
Residential loans
Interest income	11,689	16,954
Consolidated SLST | VIE, Primary Beneficiary
Interest income	8,127	8,733
Interest expense	5,801	6,315
Residential loans held in securitization trusts
Interest income	26,931	24,721
Total residential loans
Interest income	46,747	50,408
Investment securities available for sale
Investment securities available for sale	32,903	3,169
Multi-family loans
Interest income	2,642	2,436
Other
Other	1,600	1,123
Repurchase agreements
Interest expense	39,153	13,068
Residential Loan Securitizations
Interest expense	18,376	17,376
Total collateralized debt obligations
Interest expense	$ 24,177	$ 23,691

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Other Income - Schedule of Other Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan premiums resulting from early redemption	$ 98	$ 0
Gain on sale of real estate	134	0
Gain on de-consolidation of joint venture equity investment in Consolidated VIE	50	0
(Loss) gain on extinguishment of collateralized debt obligations and mortgages payable on real estate	(692)	1,170
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable	(3,207)	0
Miscellaneous income	25	105
Total other (loss) income	$ (3,592)	$ 1,275

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Subsequent Events (Details) - Residential loans held in securitization trusts $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($) securitization	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from residential loan securitization redemption		$ 147.6
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of securitization options exercised | securitization	1
Proceeds from residential loan securitization redemption	$ 45.7