10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2016

or

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From __________  to __________                    

Commission File Number 001-32887

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	11-3547680
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)
23 Main Street, Holmdel, NJ	07733
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (732) 528-2600

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report): Not Applicable

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x  No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Check one:

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  o  No  x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class	Outstanding at		April 30, 2016
Common Stock, par value $0.001		213,482,039		shares

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

INDEX

Part I. Financial Information
		Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2016 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2015	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	4
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	5
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March, 2016 and 2015	6
	Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016	7
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	51
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	52
Part II. Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	53
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	53
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	53
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	53
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	54
Item 5.	Other Information	54
Item 6.	Exhibits	55
	Signature	56

Financial Information Presentation

For the financial information discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, other than per share and per line amounts, dollar amounts are presented in thousands, except where noted.

2

Part I – Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value)

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Assets	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,889		$	57,726
Marketable securities	9,600			9,908
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,459 and $1,091, respectively	20,846			19,913
Inventory, net of allowance of $394 and $686, respectively	5,587			5,542
Deferred customer acquisition costs, current	2,929			4,074
Deferred tax assets, current	23,985			23,985
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	18,600			15,659
Total current assets	117,436			136,807
Property and equipment, net	51,881			49,483
Goodwill	222,128			222,106
Software, net	20,293			20,710
Deferred customer acquisition costs, non-current	494			431
Debt related costs, net	1,909			2,053
Restricted cash	1,860			2,587
Intangible assets, net	130,537			138,199
Deferred tax assets, non-current	195,148			202,587
Other assets	9,247			9,603
Total assets	$	750,933		$	784,566
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	46,943		$	42,798
Accrued expenses	72,427			96,127
Deferred revenue, current portion	31,785			32,605
Current maturities of capital lease obligations	4,521			4,398
Current portion of notes payables	15,000			15,000
Total current liabilities	170,676			190,928
Indebtedness under revolving credit facility	109,000			119,000
Notes payable, net of debt related costs and current portion	72,749			76,392
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	791			851
Capital lease obligations, net of current maturities	2,265			3,363
Other liabilities, net of current portion in accrued expenses	2,940			5,291
Total liabilities	358,421			395,825
Commitments and Contingencies	—			—
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 596,950 shares authorized at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015; 270,772 and 268,947 shares issued at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively; 213,824 and 214,280 shares outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively	272			270
Additional paid-in capital	1,231,714			1,224,947
Accumulated deficit	(647,089		)	(655,020		)
Treasury stock, at cost, 56,948 shares at March 31, 2016 and 54,667 shares at December 31, 2015	(190,708		)	(179,779		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,677		)	(1,677		)
Total stockholders’ equity	392,512			388,741
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	750,933		$	784,566

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

3

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
Total revenues	$	226,824		$	219,730
Operating Expenses:
Cost of service (excluding depreciation and amortization of $6,833 and $5,724, respectively)	69,150			61,853
Cost of goods sold	9,066			9,190
Sales and marketing	79,601			85,564
Engineering and development	6,834			6,605
General and administrative	26,670			23,234
Depreciation and amortization	16,979			13,945
	208,300			200,391
Income from operations	18,524			19,339
Other Income (Expense):
Interest income	21			20
Interest expense	(2,446		)	(1,935		)
Other income (expense), net	154			(577		)
	(2,271		)	(2,492		)
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	16,253			16,847
Income tax expense	(8,322		)	(6,998		)
Income from continuing operations	7,931			9,849
Loss from discontinued operations	—			(1,615		)
Loss on disposal, net of taxes	—			(824		)
Discontinued operations	—			(2,439		)
Net income	7,931			7,410
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	—			59
Net income attributable to Vonage	$	7,931		$	7,469
Net income per common share - continuing operations:
Basic	$	0.04		$	0.05
Diluted	$	0.04		$	0.04
Net loss per common share - discontinued operations attributable to Vonage:
Basic	$	—		$	(0.01	)
Diluted	$	—		$	(0.01	)
Net income attributable to Vonage per common share:
Basic	$	0.04		$	0.04
Diluted	$	0.04		$	0.03
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	214,039			211,844
Diluted	224,225			220,589

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

4

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
Net income	$	7,931		$	7,410
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(22		)	312
Discontinued operations cumulative translation adjustment	—			974
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities	22			(4		)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	—			1,282
Comprehensive income	7,931			8,692
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest:
Comprehensive loss	—			59
Total comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—			59
Comprehensive income attributable to Vonage	$	7,931		$	8,751

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

5

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	7,931		$	7,410
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization and impairment charges	9,317			8,501
Amortization of intangibles	7,662			5,635
Deferred tax expense	7,439			5,378
Loss on foreign currency	—			1,358
Allowance for doubtful accounts	—			(26		)
Allowance for obsolete inventory	—			1,180
Amortization of debt related costs	251			238
Share-based expense	6,303			5,488
Non-controlling interest	—			907
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(910		)	(3,416		)
Inventory	(25		)	(2,129		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(3,079		)	(2,409		)
Deferred customer acquisition costs	1,084			554
Other assets	356			(613		)
Accounts payable	4,122			(11,867		)
Accrued expenses	(25,095		)	(4,989		)
Deferred revenue	(933		)	(1,055		)
Other liabilities	149			579
Net cash provided by operating activities	14,572			10,724
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(8,895		)	(2,056		)
Purchase of marketable securities	(3,618		)	(2,061		)
Maturities and sales of marketable securities	3,948			887
Acquisition and development of software assets	(2,312		)	(2,258		)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	—			(3,505		)
Decrease in restricted cash	724			999
Net cash used in investing activities	(10,153		)	(7,994		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments on capital lease obligations	(5,225		)	(796		)
Principal payments on notes and revolving credit facility	(13,750		)	(5,000		)
Proceeds received from draw down of revolving credit facility and issuance of notes payable	—			20,000
Common stock repurchases	(7,590		)	(8,169		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	466			2,825
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(26,099		)	8,860
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(157		)	(163		)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(21,837		)	11,427
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	57,726			40,797
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	35,889		$	52,224
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the periods for:
Interest	$	2,190		$	1,787
Income taxes	$	1,624		$	89
Non-cash transactions during the periods for:
Common stock repurchases	$	443		$	285
Issuance of Common Stock in connection with acquisition of business	$	—		$	5,578

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

6

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	270	$	1,224,947	$	(655,020	)	$	(179,779	)	$	(1,677	)	$	388,741
Stock option exercises	2		464											466
Share-based expense			6,303											6,303
Share-based award activity								(2,896		)				(2,896		)
Common stock repurchases								(8,033		)				(8,033		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment											(22		)	(22		)
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities											22			22
Net income					7,931									7,931
Balance at March 31, 2016	$	272	$	1,231,714	$	(647,089	)	$	(190,708	)	$	(1,677	)	$	392,512

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

7

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 1.    Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Vonage Holdings Corp. (“Vonage”, “Company”, “we”, “our”, “us”) is incorporated as a Delaware corporation. We are a leading provider of communications services connecting people through cloud-connected devices worldwide. Customers in the United States represented 93% of our combined subscriber lines and seats at March 31, 2016, with the balance in Canada and the United Kingdom.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and information have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and statement of stockholders’ equity for the periods presented. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 2016.

Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Vonage and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We also consolidate a majority-owned entity in Brazil where we had the ability to exercise controlling influence. The ownership interest of the noncontrolling party is presented as noncontrolling interest. On March 31, 2015, the Company completed its previously announced exit from the Brazilian market for consumer telephony services and the associated wind down of its joint venture operations in the country. The results of Brazilian operations are presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The results of companies acquired or disposed of are included in the consolidated financial statements from the effective date of the acquisition or up to the date of disposal.

Use of Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including the following:

• the useful lives of property and equipment, software costs, and intangible assets;

• assumptions used for the purpose of determining share-based compensation using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and Monte Carlo simulation model (“Models”), and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable; the key inputs for these Models include our stock price at valuation date, exercise price, the dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, life in years, and historical volatility of our common stock; and

• assumptions used in determining the need for, and amount of, a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets.

We base our estimates on historical experience, available market information, appropriate valuation methodologies, and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Revenue Recognition

Operating revenues consist of services revenue and customer equipment (which enables our services) and shipping revenue. The point in time at which revenues are recognized is determined in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Staff

8

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition, and Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, Revenue Recognition.

At the time a customer signs up for our services, there are the following deliverables:

• Providing equipment, if any, to the customer that enables our services; and

• Providing services.

The equipment is generally provided free of charge to our customers and in most instances there are no fees collected at sign-up. We record the fees collected for shipping the equipment to the customer, if any, as shipping and handling revenue at the time of shipment.

Services Revenue

Substantially all of our revenues are services revenues, which are derived primarily from monthly subscription fees that customers are charged under our service plans. We also derive services revenues from per minute fees for international calls if not covered under a plan, including calls made via applications for mobile devices and other stand-alone products, and for any calling minutes in excess of a customer’s monthly plan limits. Monthly subscription fees are automatically charged to customers’ credit cards, debit cards or electronic check payments ("ECP"), in advance and are recognized over the following month when services are provided. Revenues generated from international calls and from customers exceeding allocated call minutes under limited minute plans are recognized as services are provided, that is, as minutes are used, and are billed to a customer's credit cards, debit cards or ECP in arrears. As a result of multiple billing cycles each month, we estimate the amount of revenues earned from international calls and from customers exceeding allocated call minutes under limited minute plans but not billed from the end of each billing cycle to the end of each reporting period and record these amounts as accounts receivable. These estimates are based primarily upon historical minutes and have been consistent with our actual results.

We also provide rebates to customers who purchase their customer equipment from retailers and satisfy minimum service period requirements. These rebates in excess of activation fees are recorded as a reduction of revenues over the service period based upon the estimated number of customers that will ultimately earn and claim the rebates.

In the United States, we charge regulatory, compliance, E-911, and intellectual property-related fees on a monthly basis to defray costs, and to cover taxes that we are charged by the suppliers of telecommunications services. In addition, we charge customers Federal Universal Service Fund (“USF”) fees. We recognize revenue on a gross basis for USF and related fees. We record these fees as revenue when billed. All other taxes are recorded on a net basis.

Customer Equipment and Shipping Revenue

Customer equipment and shipping revenues consist of revenues from sales of customer equipment to wholesalers or directly to customers for replacement devices, or for upgrading their device at the time of customer sign-up for which we charge an additional fee. In addition, customer equipment and shipping revenues include revenues from the sale of VoIP telephones in order to access our small and medium business services. Customer equipment and shipping revenues also include the fees that customers are charged for shipping their customer equipment to them. Customer equipment and shipping revenues include sales to our retailers, who subsequently resell this customer equipment to customers. Revenues are reduced for payments to retailers and rebates to customers, who purchased their customer equipment through these retailers, to the extent of customer equipment and shipping revenues.

Cost of Service

Cost of service consists of costs that we pay to third parties in order to provide services. These costs include access and interconnection charges that we pay to other companies to terminate domestic and international phone calls on the public switched telephone network. In addition, these costs include the cost to lease phone numbers, to co-locate in other companies’ facilities, to provide enhanced emergency dialing capabilities to transmit 911 calls, and to provide local number portability. These costs also include taxes that we pay on telecommunications services from our suppliers or are imposed by government agencies such as federal universal service fund (“USF”) contributions and royalties for use of third parties’ intellectual property. In addition, these costs include certain personnel and related costs for network operations and technical support that are attributable to revenue generating activities.

9

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of costs that we incur when a customer signs up for our service. These costs include the cost of customer equipment for customers who subscribe through the direct sales channel in excess of activation fees. In addition, these costs include the amortization of deferred customer equipment, the cost of shipping and handling for customer equipment, the installation manual that accompanies the customer equipment, and the cost of certain promotions.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs for employees and contractors directly associated with our sales and marketing activities, internet advertising fees, radio and billboard advertising, public relations, commissions paid to employees, resellers and other third parties, trade shows, marketing and promotional activities, customer support, credit card fees, collections, and systems and information technology support.

Engineering and Development Expenses

Engineering and development expenses primarily include personnel and related costs for developers responsible for new products, and software engineers maintaining and enhancing existing products. These costs have been reclassified from selling, general and administrative expenses. Research and development costs related to new product development included in engineering and development were$4,908and$4,055forthree months endedMarch 31, 2016and2015, respectively.

Costs for research, including predevelopment efforts prior to establishing technological feasibility of software expected to be marketed, are expensed as incurred.

Development costs are capitalized when technological feasibility has been established and anticipated future revenues support the recoverability of the capitalized amounts. Capitalization stops when the product is available for general release to customers. Due to the short time period between achieving technological feasibility and product release and the insignificant amount of costs incurred during such periods, we have not capitalized any software development, and have expensed these costs as incurred.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily relate to our executive, finance, human resources, legal, and information technology organizations. General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, stock compensation, board of directors' costs, professional fees for legal, accounting, tax, compliance and information systems, travel, recruiting expense and, rent and related expenses.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

We maintain cash with several investment grade financial institutions. Highly liquid investments, which are readily convertible into cash, with original maturities ofthree monthsor less, are recorded as cash equivalents.

Management determines the appropriate classification of our investments in debt and marketable equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. Our debt and marketable equity securities have been classified and accounted for as available for sale. We may or may not hold securities with stated maturities until maturity. In response to changes in the availability of and the yield on alternative investments as well as liquidity requirements, we may sell these securities prior to their stated maturities. These securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Any realized gains or losses on the sale of marketable securities are determined on a specific identification method, and such gains and losses are reflected as a component of other income or expense.

Certain Risks and Concentrations

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. They are subject to fluctuations in both market value and yield based upon changes in market conditions, including interest rates, liquidity, general economic conditions, and conditions specific to the issuers. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenues earned from customers primarily located in the United States. A portion of our accounts receivable represents the timing difference between when a customer’s credit card is billed and the subsequent settlement of that transaction with our credit card processors. This timing difference is generallythree daysfor substantially all of our credit card receivables. We have never experienced any accounts receivable write-offs due to this timing

10

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

difference. In addition, we collect subscription fees in advance, minimizing our accounts receivable and bad debt exposure. If a customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP is declined, we generally suspend international calling capabilities as well as their ability to incur domestic usage charges in excess of their plan minutes. Generally, if the customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP could not be successfully processed duringthreebilling cycles (i.e., the current and two subsequent monthly billing cycles), we terminate the account. In addition, we automatically charge any per minute fees to our customers’ credit card, debit card or ECP monthly in arrears. To further mitigate our bad debt exposure, a customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP will be charged in advance of their monthly billing if their international calling or overage charges exceed a certain dollar threshold.

Inventory

Inventory consists of the cost of customer equipment and is stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined using the average cost method. We provide an inventory allowance for customer equipment that has been returned by customers but may not be able to be reissued to new customers or returned to the manufacturer for credit.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment includes acquired assets and those accounted for under capital leases and consist principally of network equipment and computer hardware, software, furniture, and leasehold improvements. Company-owned equipment in use at customer premises is also included in property and equipment. In addition, the lease of our corporate headquarters has been accounted for as a capital lease and is included in property and equipment. Network equipment and computer hardware and furniture are stated at cost with depreciation provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range fromthreetofive years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over their estimated useful life of the related assets or the life of the lease, whichever is shorter. The cost of renewals and substantial improvements is capitalized while the cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to operating expenses as incurred. Company-owned customer premises equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis overthree years.

Our network equipment and computer hardware, which consists of routers, gateways, and servers that enable our telephony services, is subject to technological risks and rapid market changes due to new products and services and changing customer demand. These changes may result in future adjustments to the estimated useful lives or the carrying value of these assets, or both.

Software Costs

We capitalize certain costs, such as purchased software and internally developed software that we use for customer acquisition and customer care automation tools, in accordance with FASB ASC 350-40, “Internal-Use Software”. Computer software is stated at cost less accumulated amortization and the estimated useful life istwotofive years.

Goodwill

Goodwill acquired in the acquisition of a business is accounted for based upon the excess fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired in the business combination. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis on October 1st and, when specific circumstances dictate, between annual tests. When impaired, the carrying value of goodwill is written down to fair value. The goodwill impairment test involves evaluating qualitative information to determine if it is more than 50% likely that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If such a determination is made, then the traditional two-step goodwill impairment test described below must be applied. The first step, identifying a potential impairment, compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step would need to be conducted; otherwise, no further steps are necessary as no potential impairment exists. The second step, measuring the impairment loss, compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Any excess of the reporting unit goodwill carrying value over the respective implied fair value is recognized as an impairment loss. There was no impairment of goodwill for thethree months ended March 31, 2016.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets acquired in the settlement of litigation or by direct purchase are accounted for based upon the fair value of assets received.

Purchased-intangible assets are accounted for based upon the fair value of assets received. Purchased-intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line or accelerated basis over the periods of benefit, ranging fromtwototenyears. We perform a review

11

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

of purchased-intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the useful life is shorter than we had originally estimated or that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. If such facts and circumstances exist, we assess the recoverability of purchased-intangible assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. Impairments, if any, are based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. If the useful life of the asset is shorter than originally estimated, we accelerate the rate of amortization and amortize the remaining carrying value over the new shorter useful life. There was no impairment of purchased-intangible assets identified for thethree months ended March 31, 2016.

Patents and Patent Licenses

Patent rights acquired in the settlement of litigation or by direct purchase are accounted for based upon the fair value of assets received.

Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and changes in circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. If our review indicates that the carrying value of an asset will not be recoverable, based on a comparison of the carrying value of the asset to the undiscounted future cash flows, the impairment will be measured by comparing the carrying value of the asset to its fair value. Fair value will be determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows or appraisals. Impairments of property and equipment are recorded in the statement of income as part of depreciation expense.

Debt Related Costs

Costs incurred in raising debt are deferred and amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the life of the debt. A portion of these costs are netted against the underlying notes payable in accordance with ASU 2015-15, "Interest-Imputation of Interest".

Noncontrolling Interest and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

We consolidate a majority-owned entity where we have the ability to exercise controlling influence. The ownership interest of the noncontrolling party is presented as noncontrolling interest in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Stockholders' Equity. If we are required to repurchase the noncontrolling interest at fair value, subject to adjustment, under a put option or other contractual redemption requirement, we will report the noncontrolling interest as redeemable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets between liabilities and equity. We adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interest to the redemption values on each balance sheet date with changes recognized as an adjustment to retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital when it becomes probable the noncontrolling interest will become redeemable.

Derivatives

We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading purposes. However, in accordance with FASB ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“FASB ASC 815”), we review our contractual obligations to determine whether there are terms that possess the characteristics of derivative financial instruments that must be accounted for separately from the financial instrument in which they are embedded. We recognize these features as liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet at fair value each period and recognize any change in the fair value in our statement of operations in the period of change. We estimate the fair value of these liabilities using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities at enacted income tax rates for the temporary differences between the financial reporting bases and the tax bases of our assets and liabilities. Any effects of changes in income tax rates or tax laws are included in the provision for income taxes in the period of enactment. Our net deferred tax assets primarily consist of net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”). We are required to record a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets if we conclude that it is more likely than not that taxable income generated in the future will be insufficient to utilize the future income tax benefit from our net deferred tax assets (namely, the NOLs) prior to expiration. We periodically review this conclusion, which requires significant management judgment. If we are able to conclude in a future period that a future income tax benefit from our net deferred tax assets has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized, we are required in that period to reduce the related valuation allowance with a corresponding decrease in income tax expense. This would result in a non-cash benefit to our net income

12

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

in the period of the determination. In the fourth quarter of 2011, we released$325,601of valuation allowance. We periodically review this conclusion, which requires significant management judgment. In the future, if available evidence changes our conclusion that it is more likely than not that we will utilize our net deferred tax assets prior to their expiration, we will make an adjustment to the related valuation allowance and income tax expense at that time. In subsequent periods, we would expect to recognize income tax expense equal to our pre-tax income multiplied by our effective income tax rate, an expense that was not recognized prior to the reduction of the valuation allowance. Our effective rate may differ from the federal statutory rate due, in part, to our foreign operations and certain discrete period items. The 2016estimated annual effective tax rate is expected to approximate42%, but may fluctuate due to the timing of other discrete period transactions.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. on a federal basis and in U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions. Our federal tax return remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service from 2012 to present, our New Jersey tax returns remain open from 2011 to present, our Canada tax return remains open from 2011 to present, and other domestic and foreign tax returns remain open for all periods to which those filings relate. Our consolidated corporate income tax return for 2013 has been selected for examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Our Canadian corporate income tax returns for 2012 and 2013 have been selected for examination by the Canada Revenue Agency.We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.

We have not had any unrecognized tax benefits. We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as components of our income tax provision. We have not had any interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits.

Business Combinations

We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method of accounting requires that the purchase price, including the fair value of contingent consideration, of the acquisition be allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the fair values determined by management as of the acquisition date. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, the Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill to the extent the Company identifies adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations. We include the results of all acquisitions in our Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition.

Acquisition related transaction costs, such as banking, legal, accounting and other costs incurred in connection with an acquisition, are expensed as incurred in general and administrative expense.

Acquisition related integration costs include costs associated with exit or disposal activities, which do not meet the criteria of discontinued operations, including costs for employee, lease, and contract terminations, facility closing or other exit activities. Additionally, these costs include expenses directly related to integrating and reorganizing acquired businesses and include items such as employee retention costs, recruiting costs, certain moving costs, certain duplicative costs during integration and asset impairments. These costs are expensed as incurred in general and administrative expense.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted FASB ASC 820-10-25, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”. This standard establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. We did not elect fair value accounting for any assets and liabilities allowed by FASB ASC 825, “Financial Instruments”. FASB ASC 820-10 defines fair value as the amount that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC 820-10 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. FASB ASC 820-10 describes the following three levels of inputs that may be used:

13

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

• Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets and liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

• Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets but corroborated by market data.

• Level 3: Unobservable inputs when there is little or no market data available, thereby requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

Although management believes its valuation methods were appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could have resulted in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

The following table presents the assets that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Level 1 Assets
Money market fund (1)	$	394	$	57
Level 2 Assets
Available-for-sale securities (2)	$	9,600	$	9,908

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents on our consolidated balance sheet.

(2) Included in marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheet.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable, approximate fair value because of their short maturities. The carrying amounts of our capital leases approximate fair value of these obligations based upon management’s best estimates of interest rates that would be available for similar debt obligations at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. We believe the fair value of our debt at March 31, 2016 was approximately the same as its carrying amount as market conditions, including available interest rates, credit spread relative to our credit rating, and illiquidity, remain relatively unchanged from the issuance date of our debt on July 27, 2015 for a similar debt instrument. 

Foreign Currency

Generally, the functional currency of our non-United States subsidiaries is the local currency. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated to United States dollars using month-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange for revenues, costs, and expenses. Translation gains and losses are deferred and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ equity.

Share-Based Compensation

We account for share-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation”. Under the fair value recognition provisions of this pronouncement, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, reduced as appropriate based on estimated forfeitures, and is recognized as expense over the applicable vesting period of the stock award using the accelerated method. The excess tax benefit associated with stock compensation deductions have not been recorded in additional paid-in capital. When evaluating whether an excess tax benefit has been realized, share based compensation deductions are not considered realized until NOLs are no longer sufficient to offset taxable income. Such excess tax benefits will be recorded when realized.

Earnings per Share

Net income per share has been computed according to FASB ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”, which requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”). Basic EPS represents net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during a reporting period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock, including stock options and restricted stock units under our 2001 Stock Incentive

14

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Plan and 2006 Incentive Plan, were exercised or converted into common stock. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock units is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. In applying the treasury stock method for stock-based compensation arrangements, the assumed proceeds are computed as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise and the amounts of average unrecognized compensation cost attributed to future services.

The following table sets forth the computation for basic and diluted net income per share for the three months ended March 31, 2016:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Numerator
Income from continuing operations	$	7,931	$	9,849
Discontinued operations	—		(2,439		)
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	$	—	$	59
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(2,380	)
Net income attributable to Vonage	$	7,931	$	7,469
Denominator
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	214,039		211,844
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units	10,186		8,745
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	224,225		220,589
Basic net income per share
Basic net income per share-from continuing operations	$	0.04	$	0.05
Basic net loss per share-from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(0.01	)
Basic net income per share-net income attributable to Vonage	$	0.04	$	0.04
Diluted net income per share
Diluted net income per share-from continuing operations	$	0.04	$	0.04
Diluted net loss per share-from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(0.01	)
Diluted net income per share-net income attributable to Vonage	$	0.04	$	0.03

For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the following were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per common share because of their anti-dilutive effects:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016	2015
Restricted stock units	9,706	7,545
Stock options	13,300	18,163
	23,006	25,708

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive items. Other comprehensive items include foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

15

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

In March 2016, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting". This ASU is issued as part of its Simplification Initiative. The areas for simplification in this ASU involve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual period. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-09 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contract with Customers - Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)". The core principle of this ASU is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The intention of this ASU is to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and early adoption will be permitted, but not earlier than annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, for public entities. We will adopt this ASU when effective. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-08 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases". This ASU increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities". This ASU provide guidance concerning certain matters involving the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of financial assets and financial liabilities. The guidance does not alter the basic framework for classifying debt instruments held as financial assets. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is not permitted, with some exceptions. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes". This ASU simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes and requires deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. This ASU may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2015-17 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-11, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory". This ASU applies to inventory that is measured using first-in, first-out ("FIFO") or average cost. Under the updated guidance, an entity should measure inventory that is within scope at the lower of cost and net realizable value, which is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predicable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory that is measured using last-in, first-out ("LIFO") or the retail inventory. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and should be applied prospectively with early adoption on permitted at the beginning of an interim and annual reporting period. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2015-11 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers". This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14 deferring the effective date to annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and early adoption will be permitted, but not earlier than the original effective date of annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, for public entities. We will adopt this ASU when effective. Companies may use either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach to adopt this ASU and our management is currently evaluating which transition approach to use. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

16

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 2.    Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Nontrade receivables	$	1,846	$	2,113
Services	10,513		8,066
Telecommunications	2,122		3,138
Insurance	442		939
Marketing	2,714		779
Other prepaids	963		624
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	18,600	$	15,659

Property and equipment, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Building (under capital lease)	$	25,709		$	25,709
Network equipment and computer hardware	94,194			89,025
Leasehold improvements	49,578			48,872
Customer premise equipment	6,716			7,292
Furniture	3,346			2,508
Vehicles	203			214
	179,746			173,620
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(127,865		)	(124,137		)
Property and equipment, net	$	51,881		$	49,483

Customer premise equipment, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Customer premise equipment	$	6,716		$	7,292
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,111		)	(2,068		)
Customer premise equipment, net	$	4,605		$	5,224

Software, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Purchased	$	66,883		$	67,248
Licensed	909			909
Internally developed	36,088			36,088
	103,880			104,245
Less: accumulated amortization	(83,587		)	(83,535		)
Software, net	$	20,293		$	20,710

17

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Debt related costs, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility	$	5,044		$	5,044
Less: accumulated amortization	(3,135		)	(2,991		)
Debt related costs, net	$	1,909		$	2,053

Restricted cash

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Letter of credit-lease deposits	$	1,575	$	2,498
Cash reserves	285		89
Restricted cash	$	1,860	$	2,587

Intangible assets, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Customer relationships	$	92,609		$	92,609
Developed technology	75,694			75,694
Patents and patent licenses	20,164			20,164
Trademarks	560			560
Trade names	760			760
Non-compete agreements	2,933			2,933
Intangible assets, gross	192,720			192,720
Customer relationships	(25,626		)	(21,777		)
Developed technology	(21,685		)	(18,880		)
Patents and patent licenses	(12,748		)	(12,066		)
Trademarks	(560		)	(543		)
Trade names	(315		)	(260		)
Non-compete agreements	(1,249		)	(995		)
Less: accumulated amortization	(62,183		)	(54,521		)
Customer relationships	66,983			70,832
Developed technology	54,009			56,814
Patents and patent licenses	7,416			8,098
Trademarks	—			17
Trade names	445			500
Non-compete agreements	1,684			1,938
Intangible assets, net	$	130,537		$	138,199

18

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Other assets

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Long term non-trade receivable	6,623		6,623
Others	2,624		2,980
Other assets	$	9,247	$	9,603

Accrued expenses

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Compensation and related taxes and temporary labor	$	21,649	$	33,196
Marketing	19,501		24,891
Taxes and fees	8,381		11,808
Litigation and settlements	23		23
Telecommunications	7,057		9,111
Other accruals	10,507		11,523
Customer credits	1,631		1,779
Professional fees	2,868		2,080
Accrued interest	21		22
Inventory	620		1,514
Credit card fees	169		180
Accrued expenses	$	72,427	$	96,127

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1,678		)	(1,656		)
Unrealized loss on available-for sale securities	1			(21		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(1,677	)	$	(1,677	)

19

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 3.    Supplemental Income Statement Account Information

Amounts included in revenues

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
USF fees	$	19,520	$	18,515
Disconnect fees, net of credits and bad debt	$	214	$	202
Initial activation fees	$	368	$	220
Customer equipment rental	$	1,102	$	770
Customer equipment fees	$	2,081	$	1,173
Equipment recovery fees	$	18	$	15
Shipping and handling fees	$	608	$	603

Amount included in cost of services

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
USF costs	$	19,530	$	18,515

Amount included in cost of goods sold

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Shipping and handling cost	$	1,462	$	1,285

Amount included in sales and marketing

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Advertising costs	$	16,879	$	28,249

Amounts included in general and administrative expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Acquisition related transaction costs	$	93	$	438
Acquisition related integration costs	$	—	$	17

20

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Depreciation and amortization expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Network equipment and computer hardware	$	3,833	$	2,890
Software	2,729		3,073
Capital leases	550		550
Other leasehold improvements	1,355		1,225
Customer premise equipment	629		460
Furniture	162		95
Vehicles	18		16
Patents	682		311
Trademarks	18		18
Customer relationships	3,849		2,229
Acquired technology	2,805		2,820
Trade names	54		25
Non-compete agreements	254		232
	16,938		13,944
Property and equipment impairments	41		1
Software impairments	—		—
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	16,979	$	13,945

Amount included in interest expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Debt related costs amortization	$	251	$	238

Amount included in other income (expense), net

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Net loss resulting from foreign exchange transactions	$	156	$	(567	)

21

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 4.    Long-Term Note and Revolving Credit Facility

A schedule of long-term note and revolving credit facility at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as follows:

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
2.50-3.00% Term note - due 2019, net of debt related costs	72,749		76,392
2.50-3.00% Revolving credit facility - due 2019	109,000		119,000
Total Long-term note and revolving credit facility	$	181,749	$	195,392

At March 31, 2016, future payments under term note obligations over each of the next five years and thereafter were as follows:

	Credit Facility
2016	$	11,250
2017	15,000
2018	15,000
2019	47,500
Minimum future payments of principal	88,750
Less: unamortized debt related costs	1,001
current portion	15,000
Long-term portion	$	72,749

2015 Financing

On July 27, 2015, we entered into a credit agreement (the “2015 Credit Facility”) consisting of a $100,000 term note and a $250,000 revolving credit facility. The co-borrowers under the 2015 Credit Facility are the Company and Vonage America Inc., the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary. Obligations under the 2015 Credit Facility are guaranteed, fully and unconditionally, by the Company’s other United States material subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of the assets of each borrower and each guarantor. The lenders under the 2015 Credit Facility are JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., Fifth Third Bank, MUFG Union Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, SunTrust Bank, Keybank National Association, Santander Bank, N.A., Capital One National Association, and First Niagara Bank, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is a party to the agreement as administrative agent, Citizens Bank, N.A. as syndication agent, and Fifth Third Bank, MUFG Union Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, and SunTrust Bank as documentation agents. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Citizens Bank, N.A. acted as joint lead bookrunners, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Citizens Bank, N.A., Fifth Third Bank, MUFG Union Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey Inc. acted as joint lead arrangers.

Use of Proceeds

We used $167,000 of the net available proceeds of the 2015 Credit Facility to retire all of the debt under our 2014 Credit Facility. Remaining proceeds from the term note and the undrawn revolving credit facility under the 2015 Credit Facility will be used for general corporate purposes. We also incurred fees of $2,007 in connection with the 2015 Credit Facility, of which $602 was allocated to the term note and $1,405 was allocated to the revolving credit facility. The unamortized fees of $1,628 in connection with the 2014 Credit Facility were allocated as follows: $733 to the term note and $895 to the revolving credit facility. In adopting ASU 2015-03, fees allocated to the term note were reported in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the face amount of the liability and in adopting ASU ASU 2015-15, fees allocated to the revolving credit facility were reported in the balance sheet as as asset. These fees are amortized to interest expenses over the life of the debt using the effective interest method for the term note and straight line method for the revolving credit facility. We used $82,000 from our 2015 revolving credit facility in connection with the acquisition of iCore on August 31, 2015.

Repayments

We made mandatory repayment of $3,750 under the term note for the three months endedMarch 31, 2016 and $7,500 under the term note for the year ended December 31, 2015. In addition, we repaid the $10,000 outstanding under the revolving credit

22

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

facility for the three months endedMarch 31, 2016 and $30,000 outstanding under the revolving credit facility for the year ended December 31, 2015.

2015 Credit Facility Terms

The following description summarizes the material terms of the 2015 Credit Facility:

The loans under the 2015 Credit Facility mature in July 2019. Principal amounts under the 2015 Credit Facility are repayable in quarterly installments of $3,750 for the term note. The unused portion of our revolving credit facility incurs a 0.40% commitment fee. Such commitment fee will be reduced to 0.375% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00 and to 0.35% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00.

Outstanding amounts under the 2015 Credit Facility, at our option, will bear interest at:

• LIBOR (applicable to one-, two-, three-, six-, or twelve-month periods) plus an applicable margin equal to 2.50% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 2.75% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 3.00% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last day of each relevant interest period or, if the interest period is longer than three months, each day that is three months after the first day of the interest period, or

• the base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the prime rate of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., (b) the federal funds effective rate from time to time plus 0.50%, and (c) the adjusted LIBO rate applicable to one month interest periods plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.50% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 1.75% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 2.00% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last business day of each March, June, September, and December and the maturity date of the 2015 Credit Facility.

The 2015 Credit Facility provides greater flexibility to us in funding acquisitions and restricted payments, such as stock buybacks, than did the 2014 Credit Facility.

We may prepay the 2015 Credit Facility at our option at any time without premium or penalty. The 2015 Credit Facility is subject to mandatory prepayments in amounts equal to:

• 100% of the net cash proceeds from any non-ordinary course sale or other disposition of our property and assets for consideration in excess of a certain amount subject to customary reinvestment provisions and certain other exceptions and

• 100% of the net cash proceeds received in connection with other non-ordinary course transactions, including insurance proceeds not otherwise applied to the relevant insurance loss.

Subject to certain restrictions and exceptions, the 2015 Credit Facility permits us to obtain one or more incremental term notes and/or revolving credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount of up to $90,000 plus an amount equal to repayments of the term note upon providing documentation reasonably satisfactory to the administrative agent. The 2015 Credit Facility includes customary representations and warranties and affirmative covenants of the borrowers. In addition, the 2015 Credit Facility contains customary negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on the ability of us and our subsidiaries to consolidate or merge, create liens, incur additional indebtedness, dispose of assets, consummate acquisitions, make investments, and pay dividends and other distributions. We must also comply with the following financial covenants:

• a consolidated leverage ratio of no greater than 2.25 to 1.00, with a limited step-up to 2.75 to 1.00 for a period of four consecutive quarters, in connection with an acquisition made during the first two years of the 2015 Credit Facility;

• a consolidated fixed coverage charge ratio of no less than 1.75 to 1.00 subject to adjustment to exclude up to $80,000 million in specified restricted payments;

• minimum cash of $25,000 including the unused portion of the revolving credit facility; and

• maximum capital expenditures not to exceed $55,000 during any fiscal year, provided that the unused amount of any permitted capital expenditures in any fiscal year may be carried forward to the next following fiscal year.

In addition, annual excess cash flow increases permitted capital expenditures.

As of March 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all covenants, including financial covenants, for the 2015 Credit Facility.

23

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The 2015 Credit Facility contains customary events of default that may permit acceleration of the debt. During the continuance of a payment default, interest will accrue on overdue amounts at a default interest rate of 2% above the interest rate which would otherwise be applicable, in the case of loans, and at a rate equal to the rate applicable to base rate loans plus 2%, in the case of all other amounts.

2014 Financing

On August 13, 2014, we entered into a credit agreement (the “2014 Credit Facility”) consisting of a $100,000 term note and a $125,000 revolving credit facility. The co-borrowers under the 2014 Credit Facility were us and Vonage America Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary. Obligations under the 2014 Credit Facility were guaranteed, fully and unconditionally, by our other material United States subsidiaries and were secured by substantially all of the assets of each borrower and each guarantor. The lenders under the 2014 Credit Facility were JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, SunTrust Bank, Fifth Third Bank, Keybank National Association, and MUFG Union Bank, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. was a party to the agreement as administrative agent, Citizens Bank, N.A. as syndication agent, and Silicon Valley Bank and SunTrust Bank as documentation agents. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Citizens Bank, N.A. acted as joint lead bookrunners, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Citizens Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey Inc. acted as joint lead arrangers. We used $20,000 and $67,000 from our 2014 revolving credit facility in connection with the acquisitions of Simple Signal on April 1, 2015 and Telesphere on December 15, 2014, respectively.

Use of Proceeds

We used $90,000 of the net available proceeds of the 2014 Credit Facility to retire all of the debt under our 2013 Credit Facility. Remaining proceeds from the term note and the undrawn revolving credit facility under the 2014 Credit Facility was available for general corporate purposes. We also incurred $1,910 of fees in connection with the 2014 Credit Facility, which was amortized, along with the unamortized fees of $668 in connection with the 2013 Credit Facility, to interest expense over the life of the debt using the effective interest method.

2014 Credit Facility Terms

The following description summarizes the material terms of the 2014 Credit Facility:

The loans under the 2014 Credit Facility were scheduled to mature in August 2018. Principal amounts under the 2014 Credit Facility were repayable in quarterly installments of $5,000 per quarter for the term note. The unused portion of our revolving credit facility incurred a 0.40% commitment fee.

Outstanding amounts under the 2014 Credit Facility, at our option, bore interest at:

• LIBOR (applicable to one-, two-, three-, six-, or twelve-month periods) plus an applicable margin equal to 2.875% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 3.125% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 3.375% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last day of each relevant interest period or, if the interest period is longer than three months, each day that is three months after the first day of the interest period, or

• the base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the federal funds effective rate from time to time plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and (c) the adjusted LIBO rate applicable to one month interest periods plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.875% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 2.125% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 2.375% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last business day of each March, June, September, and December and the maturity date of the 2014 Credit Facility.

The 2014 Credit Facility provided greater flexibility to us in funding acquisitions and restricted payments, such as stock buybacks, than the 2013 Credit Facility.

The 2014 Credit Facility was prepayable at our option at any time without premium or penalty. The 2014 Credit Facility was subject to mandatory prepayments in amounts equal to:

• 100% of the net cash proceeds from any non-ordinary course sale or other disposition of our property and assets for consideration in excess of a certain amount subject to customary reinvestment provisions and certain other exceptions, and

24

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

• 100% of the net cash proceeds received in connection with other non-ordinary course transactions, including insurance proceeds not otherwise applied to the relevant insurance loss.

Subject to certain restrictions and exceptions, the 2014 Credit Facility permitted us to obtain one or more incremental term notes and/or revolving credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount of up to $60,000 plus an amount equal to repayments of the term note upon providing documentation reasonably satisfactory to the administrative agent. The 2014 Credit Facility included customary representations and warranties and affirmative covenants of the borrowers. In addition, the 2014 Credit Facility contained customary negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on the ability of us and our subsidiaries to consolidate or merge, create liens, incur additional indebtedness, dispose of assets, consummate acquisitions, make investments, and pay dividends and other distributions. We were also required to comply with the following financial covenants:

• a consolidated leverage ratio of no greater than 2.25 to 1.00;

• a consolidated fixed coverage charge ratio of no less than 1.75 to 1.00 subject to adjustment to exclude up to $80,000 in specified restricted payments;

• minimum cash of $25,000 including the unused portion of the revolving credit facility; and

• maximum capital expenditures not to exceed $55,000 during any fiscal year, provided that the unused amount of any permitted capital expenditures in any fiscal year may be carried forward to the next following fiscal year.

In addition, annual excess cash flow up to $8,000 increased permitted capital expenditures.

The 2014 Credit Facility contained customary events of default that permitted acceleration of the debt. During the continuance of a payment default, interest would accrue at a default interest rate of 2% above the interest rate which would otherwise be applicable, in the case of loans, and at a rate equal to the rate applicable to base rate loans plus 2%, in the case of all other amounts.

Note 5.    Common Stock

Net Operating Loss Rights Agreement

On June 7, 2012, we entered into a Tax Benefits Preservation Plan ("Preservation Plan") designed to preserve stockholder value and tax assets. Our ability to use our tax attributes to offset tax on U.S. taxable income would be substantially limited if there were an "ownership change" as defined under Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. In general, an ownership change would occur if one or more "5-percent shareholders," as defined under Section 382, collectively increase their ownership in us by more than 50 percent over a rolling three-year period.

In connection with the adoption of the Preservation Plan, our board of directors declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right for each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock. The preferred share purchase rights were distributed to stockholders of record as of June 18, 2012, as well as to holders of the Company's common stock issued after that date, but will only be activated if certain triggering events under the Preservation Plan occur.

Under the Preservation Plan, preferred share purchase rights will work to impose significant dilution upon any person or group which acquires beneficial ownership of 4.9% or more of the outstanding common stock, without the approval of our board of directors, from and after June 7, 2012. Stockholders that own 4.9% or more of the outstanding common stock as of the opening of business on June 7, 2012, will not trigger the preferred share purchase rights so long as they do not (i) acquire additional shares of common stock or (ii) fall under 4.9% ownership of common stock and then re-acquire shares that in the aggregate equal 4.9% or more of the common stock.

The Preservation Plan was set to expire no later than the close of business June 7, 2013, unless extended by our board of directors. On June 6, 2013, at the Vonage 2013 annual meeting of stockholders, stockholders ratified the extension of the Preservation Plan through June 7, 2015. On April 2, 2015, after consultation with our advisors, our board of directors determined to extend the Preservation Plan through June 30, 2017, subject to ratification of the extension by stockholders at our 2015 annual meeting of stockholders. On June 3, 2015, at the Vonage 2015 annual meeting of stockholders, stockholders ratified the extension of the Preservation Plan through June 30, 2018.

Common Stock Repurchases

On July 25, 2012, our board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $50,000 of Vonage common stock (the "$50,000 repurchase program") through December 31, 2013. On February 7, 2013, our board of directors discontinued the remainder of the $50,000 repurchase program effective at the close of business on February 12, 2013 with $16,682 of availability remaining, and authorized a new program to repurchase up to $100,000 of Vonage common stock (the "2012 $100,000 repurchase program")

25

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

by December 31, 2014. As of December 31, 2014, approximately $219 remained of our 2012 $100,000 repurchase program. The repurchase program expired on December 31, 2014.

On December 9, 2014, Vonage's Board of Directors authorized a new program for the Company to repurchase up to $100,000 of its outstanding common stock (the "2014 $100,000 repurchase program"). Repurchases under the 2014 $100,000 repurchase program program are expected to be made over a four-year period ending on December 31, 2018.

Under the 2014 $100,000 repurchase program, the timing and amount of repurchases will be determined by management based on its evaluation of market conditions, the trading price of the stock and will vary based on available capital resources and other financial and operational performance, market conditions, securities law limitations, and other factors. Repurchases may be made in the open market or through private transactions from time to time. The repurchases will be made using available cash balances. In any period, under each repurchase program, cash used in financing activities related to common stock repurchases may differ from the comparable change in stockholders' equity, reflecting timing differences between the recognition of share repurchase transactions and their settlement for cash.

We repurchased the following shares of common stock with cash resources under the 2014 $100,000 repurchase program during the three and three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016 (1)		2015
Shares of common stock repurchased	1,653		1,779
Value of common stock repurchased	$	8,008	$	7,769

(1) including 98 shares, or $441, of common stock repurchases settled in April 2016; excluding commission of $2.

As of March 31, 2016, $76,797 remained of our 2014 $100,000 repurchase program. The repurchase program expires on December 31, 2018 but may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

In any period under the 2014 $100,000 repurchase program, cash used in financing activities related to common stock repurchases may differ from the comparable change in stockholders' equity, reflecting timing differences between the recognition of share repurchase transactions and their settlement for cash.

Note 6.    Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

IP Matters

Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. On February 22, 2011, Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. (“Bear Creek”) filed a lawsuit against Vonage Holdings Corp., Vonage America Inc., Vonage Marketing LLC, and Aptela Inc. (the latter two entities being former subsidiaries of Vonage Holdings Corp. now merged into Vonage America Inc. and Vonage Business Inc., respectively) in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia alleging that Vonage’s and Aptela’s products and services are covered by United States Patent No. 7,889,722, entitled “System for Interconnecting Standard Telephony Communications Equipment to Internet Protocol Networks” (the “'722 Patent”). The suit also named numerous other defendants. On August 17, 2011, the Court dismissed Bear Creek’s case against the Vonage entities and Aptela, and all but one of the other defendants. Later, on August 17, 2011, Bear Creek re-filed its complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware against the same Vonage entities; and re-filed its complaint against Aptela in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. On May 2, 2012, the litigations against Vonage and Aptela were consolidated for pretrial proceedings with twelve other actions in the District of Delaware. Vonage filed an answer to Bear Creek’s complaint, including counterclaims of non-infringement and invalidity of the ‘722 patent. Aptela, which filed a motion to dismiss Bear Creek’s complaint on September 27, 2011, has not yet answered, as its motion remains pending. On November 5, 2012, Bear Creek filed an answer to Vonage’s counterclaims. On July 17, 2013, the Court stayed the case pending resolution of the reexamination of the ‘722 patent requested by Cisco Systems, Inc. (“Cisco”), described below. On May 5, 2015, the Court closed the case, with leave to reopen if further attention by the Court is required.

A request for reexamination of the validity of the ‘722 Patent was filed on September 12, 2012 by Cisco. Cisco’s request was granted on November 28, 2012. On March 24, 2014, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued an Action Closing Prosecution, confirming its rejection of all claims of the ‘722 patent. Bear Creek’s November 14, 2014 appeal of that decision to

26

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

the Patent Trial and Appeal Board was denied on December 29, 2015. On February 26, 2016, Bear Creek filed a Notice of Appeal of the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.

RPost Holdings, Inc. On August 24, 2012, RPost Holdings, Inc., RPost Communications Limited, and RMail Limited (collectively, “RPost”) filed a lawsuit against StrongMail Systems, Inc. (“StrongMail”) in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas alleging that StrongMail’s products and services, including its electronic mail marketing services, are covered by United States Patent Nos. 8,224,913, 8,209,389, 8,161,104, 7,966,372, and 6,182,219. On February 11, 2013, RPost filed an amended complaint, adding 27 new defendants, including Vonage America Inc. RPost’s amended complaint alleges willful infringement of the RPost patents by Vonage and each of the other new defendants because they are customers of StrongMail. StrongMail has agreed to fully defend and indemnify Vonage in this lawsuit. Vonage answered the complaint on May 7, 2013. On September 17, 2015, the Court ordered the consolidation for pre-trial purposes of this case with other cases by RPost. The lead case has been administratively closed and stayed since January 30, 2014 due to multiple pending actions by third parties regarding ownership of the patents at issue. On March 1, 2016, the parties in the consolidated actions filed a joint notice regarding status of the co-pending actions. Plaintiffs requested that the stay be lifted, while defendants maintain that the stay should remain in place.

AIP Acquisition LLC. On January 3, 2014, AIP Acquisition LLC (“AIP”), filed a lawsuit against Vonage Holdings Corp., Vonage America, Inc., and Vonage Marketing LLC in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that Vonage’s products and services are covered by United States Patent No. 7,269,247. Vonage filed an answer and counterclaims on February 25, 2014. AIP filed an amended complaint on March 18, 2014, which Vonage answered on April 4, 2014. On April 8, 2014, the Court stayed the case pending final resolution of non-party Level 3’s inter partes review request of United States Patent No. 7,724,879, which is a continuation of the ‘247 patent. On October 8, 2014, the Patent Office issued a Final Written Decision, finding all challenged claims of the ‘879 patent to be invalid. On November 10, 2015, the Federal Circuit rejected AIP’s appeal and affirmed the Patent Office’s rejection of the ‘879 patent.

Cisco petitioned for inter partes review of the ‘247 patent on November 25, 2014, which was granted on May 20, 2015. Oral argument was heard on January 27, 2016. The inter partes review is pending decision by the Patent Office.

Commercial Litigation

Merkin & Smith, et al.  On September 27, 2013, Arthur Merkin and James Smith filed a putative class action lawsuit against Vonage America, Inc. in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles, alleging that Vonage violated California’s Unfair Competition Law by charging its customers fictitious 911 taxes and fees. On October 30, 2013, Vonage filed a notice removing the case to the United States District Court for the Central District of California. On November 26, 2013, Vonage filed its Answer to the Complaint. On December 4, 2013, Vonage filed a Motion to Compel Arbitration, which the Court denied on February 4, 2014. On March 5, 2014, Vonage appealed that decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. On March 26, 2014, the district court proceedings were stayed pending the appeal. On February 29, 2016, the Ninth Circuit reversed the district court’s ruling and remanded with instructions to grant the motion to compel arbitration. On March 22, 2016 Merkin and Smith filed a petition for rehearing. On May 4, 2016, the Ninth Circuit withdrew its February 29, 2016 decision and issued a new order reversing the district court’s order and remanded with instructions to compel arbitration. The court also declared as moot the petition for rehearing.

From time to time, in addition to those identified above, we are subject to legal proceedings, claims, investigations, and proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including claims of alleged infringement of third-party patents and other intellectual property rights, commercial, employment, and other matters. From time to time we receive letters or other communications from third parties inviting us to obtain patent licenses that might be relevant to our business or alleging that our services infringe upon third party patents or other intellectual property. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, we make a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions, if any, are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. Litigation is inherently unpredictable. We believe that we have valid defenses with respect to the legal matters pending against us and are vigorously defending these matters. Given the uncertainty surrounding litigation and our inability to assess the likelihood of a favorable or unfavorable outcome in the above noted matters and our inability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss or range of loss, it is possible that the resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

Regulation

Telephony services are subject to a broad spectrum of state and federal regulations. Because of the uncertainty over whether Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) should be treated as a telecommunications or information service, we have been involved

27

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

in a substantial amount of state and federal regulatory activity. Implementation and interpretation of the existing laws and regulations is ongoing and is subject to litigation by various federal and state agencies and courts. Due to the uncertainty over the regulatory classification of VoIP service, there can be no assurance that we will not be subject to new regulations or existing regulations under new interpretations, and that such change would not introduce material additional costs to our business.

Federal - Net Neutrality

Clear and enforceable net neutrality rules make it more difficult for broadband Internet service providers to block or discriminate against Vonage service. In addition, explicitly applying net neutrality rules to wireless broadband Internet service providers could create greater opportunities for VoIP applications that run on wireless broadband Internet service. In December 2010, the FCC adopted net neutrality rules that applied strong net neutrality rules to wired broadband Internet service providers and limited rules to wireless broadband Internet service providers. On January 14, 2014, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals vacated a significant portion of the 2010 rules. On May 15, 2014, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) proposing new net neutrality rules. After public response to the NPRM, the FCC adopted new neutrality rules on February 26, 2015. These rules prohibit broadband Internet service providers from: (1) blocking or throttling lawful content applications, or services; (2) imposing paid prioritization arrangements; and (3) unreasonably interfering or unreasonably disadvantaging consumers or edge providers. In addition, broadband Internet service providers are required to make certain disclosures regarding their network management practices, network performance, and commercial terms. These net neutrality rules apply the same requirements to wired and wireless broadband Internet service providers. Several parties have filed appeals which are pending at the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. Oral arguments at the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals were held on December 4, 2015.

Federal - Lifeline Reform

On March 31, 2016, the FCC adopted an order modernizing the Lifeline program. The Lifeline program previously subsidized voice service for low-income customers and is one component of the federal universal service fund. The order refocuses the program to subsidize broadband. Increased adoption of broadband services expands the market for Vonage services. The order will also likely increase the overall size of the federal universal fund and lead to increased USF contribution levels for Vonage services subject to assessment for federal USF.

Federal - Rural Call Completion Issues

On February 7, 2013, the FCC released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) on rural call completion issues. The NPRM proposed new detailed reporting requirements to gauge rural call completion performance. Rural carriers have argued that VoIP provider call completion performance to rural areas is generally poor. On October 28, 2013, the FCC adopted an order on rural call completion imposing new reporting obligations and restricting certain call signaling practices. The call signaling rules went into effect on January 31, 2014.  We filed for extensions of the rules, which the FCC granted, and as of April 17, 2014, we were compliant with the FCC call signaling rules.  The effective date for the reporting requirements was April 1, 2015. We could be subject to an FCC enforcement action in the future in the event the FCC took the position that our rural call completion performance is inadequate or we were not compliant with the FCC’s order.

Federal - Numbering Rights

On April 18, 2013, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that proposed to modify FCC rules to allow VoIP providers to directly access telephone numbers. In addition, the FCC granted a waiver from its existing rules to allow Vonage to conduct a trial of direct access to telephone numbers. The trial would allow the FCC to obtain real-world data on direct access to telephone numbers by VoIP providers to inform consideration of the NPRM. Direct access to telephone numbers would facilitate IP to IP interconnection, which may allow VoIP providers to provide higher quality, lower cost services, promote the deployment of innovative new voice services, and experience reductions in the cost of telephony services. Vonage successfully completed the trial in certain markets and filed the required reports on the trial with the FCC. On January 31, 2014, the FCC Wireline Competition Bureau issued a positive report on the trial, concluding that Vonage's successful trial confirmed the technical feasibility of interconnected VoIP providers obtaining telephone numbers directly from the numbering administrators. On June 18, 2015, the FCC adopted an order that modifies its rules to allow interconnected VoIP providers to directly access telephone numbers. Part of the order required approval from the Office of Management and Budget ("OMB") prior to the rule change becoming effective. On February 4, 2016, the FCC announced that OMB had approved the order and would begin accepting applications for authorization beginning on February 18, 2015. Vonage applied for authorization, and on March 31, 2016 received authorization. On December 23, 2015, the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners filed an appeal of the June 18, 2015 FCC order at the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. This appeal is pending.

28

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Federal - Privacy Rules

On April 1, 2016, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that proposed the adoption of privacy rules for providers of broadband Internet access service and updating its rules for voice services to make them consistent with the proposed privacy rules for broadband Internet access services. In addition to regulating customer proprietary network information (CPNI), a category of information that the FCC has traditionally regulated for voice services, the FCC proposed to regulate use of customer personal information (PI), a broader set of information than CPNI, by broadband and voice service providers. Further, the NPRM would regulate voice and broadband provider privacy policies and data security practices, including imposing vicarious liability for vendors who handle PI and CPNI on behalf of a broadband or voice provider. Finally, the NPRM would impose another data breach reporting notification obligation on voice and broadband providers on top of existing state data breach notification requirements.

State Telecommunications Regulation

In general, the focus of interconnected VoIP telecommunications regulation is at the federal level. On November 12, 2004, the FCC issued a declaratory ruling providing that our service is subject to federal regulation and preempted the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission (“MPUC”) from imposing certain of its regulations on us. The FCC's decision was based on its conclusion that our service is interstate in nature and cannot be separated into interstate and intrastate components. On March 21, 2007, the United States Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit affirmed the FCC's declaratory ruling preempting state regulation of our service.

While this ruling does not exempt us from all state oversight of our service, it effectively prevents state telecommunications regulators from imposing certain burdensome and inconsistent market entry requirements and certain other state utility rules and regulations on our service. State regulators continue to probe the limits of federal preemption in their attempts to apply state telecommunications regulation to interconnected VoIP service. On July 16, 2009, the Nebraska Public Service Commission and the Kansas Corporation Commission filed a petition with the FCC seeking a declaratory ruling or, alternatively, adoption of a rule declaring that state authorities may apply universal service funding requirements to nomadic VoIP providers. We participated in the FCC proceedings on the petition. On November 5, 2010, the FCC issued a declaratory ruling that allowed states to assess state USF on nomadic VoIP providers on a going forward basis provided that the states comply with certain conditions to ensure that imposing state USF does not conflict with federal law or policy. More recently on July 28, 2015, the MPUC found that it has authority to regulate Charter’s fixed, interconnected VoIP service. Charter challenged the MPUC’s order at the U.S. District Court for Minnesota. This challenge is currently pending. We expect that state public utility commissions and state legislators will continue their attempts to apply state telecommunications regulations to nomadic VoIP service.

Stand-by Letters of Credit

We had stand-by letters of credit totaling $1,575 and $2,498, as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

End-User Commitments

We are obligated to provide telephone services to our registered end-users. The costs related to the potential utilization of minutes sold are expensed as incurred. Our obligation to provide this service is dependent on the proper functioning of systems controlled by third-party service providers. We do not have a contractual service relationship with some of these providers.

Vendor Commitments

We have signed a lease with a vendor. We have committed to pay this vendor approximately $100 in 2016 and $300 in 2017 through 2019, respectively.

State and Municipal Taxes

In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, we make a provision for a liability for taxes when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability or range of liability can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. For a period of time, we did not collect or remit state or municipal taxes (such as sales, excise, utility, use, and ad valorem taxes), fees or surcharges (“Taxes”) on the charges to our customers for our services, except that we historically complied with the New Jersey sales tax. We have received inquiries or demands from a number of state and municipal taxing and 911 agencies seeking payment of Taxes that are applied to or collected from customers of providers of traditional public switched telephone network services. Although we have consistently maintained that these Taxes do not apply to our service for a variety of reasons depending on the statute or rule that establishes such obligations,

29

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

we are now collecting and remitting sales taxes in certain of those states including a number of states that have changed their statutes to expressly include VoIP. In addition, many states address how VoIP providers should contribute to support public safety agencies, and in those states we remit fees to the appropriate state agencies. We could also be contacted by state or municipal taxing and 911 agencies regarding Taxes that do explicitly apply to VoIP and these agencies could seek retroactive payment of Taxes. As such, we have a reserve of $3,015 as of March 31, 2016 as our best estimate of the potential tax exposure for any retroactive assessment. We believe the maximum estimated exposure for retroactive assessments is approximately $4,000 as of March 31, 2016.

Note 7.    Noncontrolling Interest and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

In the third quarter of 2013, we formed a consolidated foreign subsidiary in Brazil in connection with our previously announced joint venture in Brazil, which created a redeemable noncontrolling interest. The redeemable noncontrolling interest consisted of the 30.0% interest in this subsidiary initially held by our joint venture partner.

In 2014, our joint venture partner did not make required capital calls and correspondingly its interest was diluted to 4% and was no longer contingently redeemable. As such, we reclassified the redeemable noncontrolling interest previously included in the mezzanine section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets to noncontrolling interest in the Stockholders' Equity section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

In December 2014 we announced plans to exit the Brazilian market for consumer telephony services and wind down our joint venture operations in the country. We completed the process at the end of the first quarter of 2015.

We expect to avoid material operating losses in Brazil in 2016 due to the significant planned incremental investment that would have been required to scale the business. In connection with the wind down, we incurred approximately $500 in cash charges in 2015 related to contract terminations and severance-related expenses.

Note 8. Discontinued Operations

On March 31, 2015, the Company completed its previously announced exit from the Brazilian market for consumer telephony services and the associated wind down of its joint venture operations in the country. In 2015, the Company incurred a loss on disposal of $824. The loss on disposal is comprised of the write-off of noncontrolling interest of $907, foreign currency loss on intercompany loan forgiveness of $783, and residual cumulative translation of $192, partially offset by a tax benefit of $1,058.

30

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The results of operations of this discontinued operation are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Revenues	$	—	$	33
Operating expenses	—		1,648
Loss from discontinued operations	—		(1,615		)
Loss on disposal, net of taxes	—		(824		)
Net loss from discontinued operations	—		(2,439		)
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	$	—	$	59
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(2,380	)

Note 9. Acquisition of Business

Acquisition of iCore

Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated August 19, 2015 by and among the Company, Cirrus Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and newly formed indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Vonage (“Merger Sub”), iCore, and Stephen G. Canton, as representative of the security holders of iCore, on August 31, 2015, Merger Sub, on the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, merged with and into iCore, and iCore became a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Vonage.

iCore provides cloud-based unified communications and collaboration services, delivering voice, video, and mobile communications solutions to business customers. iCore is a natural complement to our rapid growing UCaaS business and strengthens our national footprint.

We acquired iCore for $92,689 in cash consideration, subject to adjustments pursuant to the merger agreement for closing cash and working capital of iCore, reductions for indebtedness and transaction expenses of iCore that remained unpaid as of closing, and escrow fund deposits. We financed the transaction with $10,689 of cash and $82,000 from our 2015 revolving credit facility. The aggregate consideration will be allocated among iCore equity holders.

Pursuant to the merger agreement, $9,200 of the cash consideration was placed in escrow for unknown liabilities that may have existed as of the acquisition date.

During 2015, we incurred $1,353 in acquisition related transaction costs, which were recorded in general and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

The results of operations of the iCore business and the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of the acquisition.

The acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting under which assets and liabilities of iCore were recorded at their respective fair values including an amount for goodwill representing the difference between the acquisition consideration and the fair value of the identifiable net assets. We do not expect any portion of this goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill attributable to the acquisition has been recorded as a non-current asset and is not amortized, but is subject to an annual review for impairment.

The acquisition price was allocated to the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the closing date. The fair values assigned to identifiable intangible assets assumed will be based on management’s estimates and assumptions. The estimated fair values of the identified current assets, property and equipment, software and other assets acquired and current liabilities assumed are considered preliminary and are based on the most recent information available. We believe that the information provides a reasonable basis for assigning fair value, but we are waiting for additional information, primarily related to income, sales, excise, and ad valorem taxes which are subject to change. Thus, the provisional measurements of fair value set forth below are subject to change. We expect to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition date.

The table below summarizes the iCore assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of August 31, 2015:

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Estimated Fair Value
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,014
Accounts receivable	1,492
Inventory	191
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,017
Total current assets	3,714
Property and equipment	4,437
Software	281
Intangible assets	38,064
Restricted cash	183
Other assets	195
Total assets acquired	46,874
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	3,344
Accrued expenses	3,963
Deferred revenue, current portion	576
Current maturities of capital lease obligations	557
Total current liabilities	8,440
Capital lease obligations, net of current maturities	552
Deferred tax liabilities, net, non-current	8,487
Total liabilities assumed	17,479
Net identifiable assets acquired	29,395
Goodwill	63,294
Total purchase price	$	92,689

The intangible assets as of the closing date of the acquisition included:

	Amount
Customer relationships	$	37,720
Non-compete agreements	104
Trade names	240
	$	38,064

Indications of fair value of the intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisition were determined using either the income, market or replacement cost methodologies. The intangible assets are being amortized over periods which reflect the pattern in which economic benefits of the assets are expected to be realized. The customer relationships are being amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life of ten years; developed technology is being amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life of eight years; and the non-compete agreements and trade names are being amortized on a straight-line basis over two years.

In addition, we recorded a deferred tax liability of $12,944 related to the $38,064 of identified intangible assets that will be amortized for financial reporting purposes but not for tax purposes and a deferred tax asset of $4,457 related to NOLs.

The excess of purchase price over the fair value amounts assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed represents the amount of goodwill resulting from the acquisition. We do not expect any portion of this goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill attributable to the acquisition has been recorded as a non-current asset and is not amortized, but is subject to an annual review for impairment. We believe the factors that contributed to goodwill include synergies that are specific to our consolidated business, the acquisition of a talented workforce that provides us with expertise in the small and medium business market, as well as other intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition.

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Acquisition of Simple Signal

Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 15, 2015 by and among Vonage Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation, Stratus Acquisition Corp., a California corporation and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”), Simple Signal Inc., a California corporation (“Simple Signal”) and Simplerep, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company, as representative of the security holders of Simple Signal, on April 1, 2015, Merger Sub merged with and into Simple Signal, and Simple Signal became a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Vonage.

Simple Signal provides cloud-based unified communications and collaboration services, delivering voice, video, and mobile communications solutions to business customers. Simple Signal is a natural complement to our expanding UCaaS business.

We acquired Simple Signal for $25,578, including 1,111 shares of Vonage common stock (which shares had an aggregate value of approximately $5,578 based upon the closing stock price on April 1, 2015) and cash consideration of $20,000, subject to adjustments pursuant to the merger agreement for closing cash and working capital of Simple Signal, reductions for indebtedness and transaction expenses of Simple Signal that remained unpaid as of closing, and escrow fund deposits. We financed the transaction with $20,000 from our 2014 revolving credit facility. The aggregate consideration will be allocated among Simple Signal equityholders.

Pursuant to the merger agreement, $2,356 of the cash consideration and $1,144 of the stock consideration was placed in escrow for unknown liabilities that may have existed as of the acquisition date.

During 2015, we incurred $470 in acquisition related transaction costs, which were recorded in general and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

The results of operations of the Simple Signal business and the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of the acquisition.

The acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting under which assets and liabilities of Simple Signal were recorded at their respective fair values including an amount for goodwill representing the difference between the acquisition consideration and the fair value of the identifiable net assets. We do not expect any portion of this goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill attributable to the acquisition has been recorded as a non-current asset and is not amortized, but is subject to an annual review for impairment.

The acquisition price was allocated to the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the closing date. The fair values assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s estimates and assumptions. The estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are considered preliminary and are based on the most recent information available. We believe that the information provides a reasonable basis for assigning the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, but we are waiting for additional information, primarily related to income, sales, excise, and ad valorem taxes which are subject to change. Thus, the provisional measurements of fair value set forth below are subject to change. We expect to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition date.

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The table below summarizes the Simple Signal assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of April 1, 2015:

	Estimated Fair Value
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53
Accounts receivable	832
Inventory	67
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	159
Total current assets	1,111
Property and equipment	979
Software	401
Intangible assets	6,407
Deferred tax assets, non-current	741
Total assets acquired	9,639
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	785
Accrued expenses	593
Deferred revenue, current portion	370
Total current liabilities	1,748
Total liabilities assumed	1,748
Net identifiable assets acquired	7,891
Goodwill	17,687
Total purchase price	$	25,578

The intangible assets as of the closing date of the acquisition included:

	Amount
Customer relationships	$	5,090
Developed technologies	994
Non-compete agreements	303
Trade names	20
	$	6,407

Indications of fair value of the intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisition were determined using either the income, market or replacement cost methodologies. The intangible assets are being amortized over periods which reflect the pattern in which economic benefits of the assets are expected to be realized. The customer relationships are being amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life of ten years; developed technology is being amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life of eight years; and the non-compete agreements and trade names are being amortized on a straight-line basis over two years.

In addition, we recorded a net deferred tax liability of $2,441 related to the $6,407 of identified intangible assets that will be amortized for financial reporting purposes but not for tax purposes and a deferred tax asset of $3,182 related to NOLs.

Goodwill

The following table provides a summary of the changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill:

Balance at December 31, 2015	$	222,106
Increase in goodwill related to acquisition of iCore	22
Balance at March 31, 2016	$	222,128

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 10. Subsequent Events

Acquisition of Nexmo

On May 5, 2016 (the “Signing Date”), we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Nexmo, Inc. (“Nexmo”), a global leader in the Communications-Platform-as-a-Service (“CPaaS”) segment of the cloud communications market. The acquisition is subject to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among the Company, Neptune Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and newly formed indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Vonage (“Merger Sub”), Nexmo, a Delaware corporation, and Shareholder Representative Services LLC, a Colorado limited liability company, as representative of the security holders of Nexmo, pursuant to which Merger Sub, on the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, will merge with and into Nexmo, and Nexmo will become a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Vonage.

We will acquire Nexmo for $230,000 in cash and stock, subject to adjustment for the amount of Nexmo’s working capital at closing, and subject to reduction for Nexmo’s outstanding indebtedness and unpaid transaction expenses as of closing (the "Closing Merger Consideration" ). The parties have agreed to a normalized working capital target and to a post-closing purchase price adjustment mechanism. Approximately 75% of the purchase price will be paid in cash and the remaining 25% will be paid through the issuance of shares of Vonage common stock, provided that the percentage of cash consideration at closing may be increased to 100% (and the percentage of stock consideration decreased to 0%) at the election of Vonage.

Of the Closing Merger Consideration, $195,000 will be paid at closing, consisting of a minimum of $159,000 of cash and a maximum of $36,000 in stock. The remaining $35,000 of the Closing Merger Consideration will be paid in the form of restricted cash and restricted stock to Nexmo management and employees, both subject to vesting requirements over time. Vonage believes this structure will provide significant long-term incentives and retention value for Nexmo management.

In addition, Nexmo shareholders may earn additional consideration of up to $20,000, subject to the achievement of certain performance targets during the 12 month period following the closing of the transaction (the “ Variable Payout Amount ”).  The Variable Payout Amount payable to the holders of Nexmo stock is determined based on (i) Nexmo’s revenues received from its top customers following the closing, and (ii) the achievement of certain revenue targets during the 12 month period following the Closing. The Variable Payout Amount may be in the form of (at Vonage’s sole discretion) cash, a number of shares of Vonage common stock or a combination thereof.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time the statements are made and/or management’s belief as of that time with respect to future events and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and outcomes to be materially different. Important factors that could cause such differences include but are not limited to: the competition we face; the expansion of competition in the unified communications market; our ability to adapt to rapid changes in the market for voice and messaging services; our ability to retain customers and attract new customers; the risk associated with developing and maintaining effective internal sales teams; the risk associated with developing and maintaining effective distribution channels; risks related to the acquisition or integration of future businesses; security breaches and other compromises of information security; risks associated with sales of our UCaaS services to medium-sized and enterprise customers; our dependence on third party facilities, equipment, systems and services; system disruptions or flaws in our technology and systems; our ability to scale our business and grow efficiently; our reliance on third party hardware and software; our dependence on third party vendors; the impact of fluctuations in economic conditions, particularly on our small and medium business customers; our ability to obtain or maintain relevant intellectual property licenses; intellectual property and other litigation that have been and may be brought against us; failure to protect our trademarks and internally developed software; obligations and restrictions associated with data privacy; uncertainties relating to regulation of VoIP services; results of regulatory inquiries into our business practices; fraudulent use of our name or services; our ability to establish and expand strategic alliances; risks associated with operating abroad; liability under anti-corruption laws; governmental regulation and taxes in our international operations; our dependence upon key personnel; our dependence on our customers' existing broadband connections; restrictions in our debt agreements that may limit our operating flexibility; our ability to obtain additional financing if required; any reinstatement of holdbacks by our vendors; our history of net losses and ability to achieve consistent profitability in the future; and other factors that are set forth in the “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and in our Current Reports on Form 8-K. While we may elect to update forward-looking statements at some point in the

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future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so, and therefore, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date this Form 10-Q is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Financial Information Presentation

For the financial information discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, other than per share, per line and per seat amounts, dollar amounts are presented in thousands, except where noted. All trademarks are the property of their owners.

Recent Developments

Acquisition of Nexmo

On May 5, 2016 (the “Signing Date”), we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Nexmo, Inc. (“Nexmo”), a global leader in the Communications-Platform-as-a-Service (“CPaaS”) segment of the cloud communications market. The acquisition is subject to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among the Company, Neptune Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and newly formed indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Vonage (“Merger Sub”), Nexmo Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Shareholder Representative Services LLC, a Colorado limited liability company, as representative of the security holders of Nexmo, pursuant to which Merger Sub, on the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, will merge with and into Nexmo, and Nexmo will become a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Vonage.

We will acquire Nexmo for $230,000 in cash and stock, subject to adjustment for the amount of Nexmo’s working capital at closing, and subject to reduction for Nexmo’s outstanding indebtedness and unpaid transaction expenses as of closing (the "Closing Merger Consideration" ). The parties have agreed to a normalized working capital target and to a post-closing purchase price adjustment mechanism. Approximately 75% of the purchase price will be paid in cash and the remaining 25% will be paid through the issuance of shares of Vonage common stock, provided that the percentage of cash consideration at closing may be increased to 100% (and the percentage of stock consideration decreased to 0%) at the election of Vonage.

Of the Closing Merger Consideration, $195,000 will be paid at closing, consisting of a minimum of $159,000 of cash and a maximum of $36,000 in stock. The remaining $35,000 of the Closing Merger Consideration will be paid in the form of restricted cash and restricted stock to Nexmo management and employees, both subject to vesting requirements over time. Vonage believes this structure will provide significant long-term incentives and retention value for Nexmo management.

In addition, Nexmo shareholders may earn additional consideration of up to $20,000, subject to the achievement of certain performance targets during the 12 month period following the closing of the transaction (the “ Variable Payout Amount ”).  The Variable Payout Amount payable to the holders of Nexmo stock is determined based on (i) Nexmo’s revenues received from its top customers following the closing, and (ii) the achievement of certain revenue targets during the 12 month period following the Closing. The Variable Payout Amount may be in the form of (at Vonage’s sole discretion) cash, a number of shares of Vonage common stock or a combination thereof.

Overview

We are a leading provider of cloud communications services for businesses and consumers, offering a robust suite of feature-rich consumer and business communication solutions that offer flexibility, portability and ease-of-use across multiple devices.

Business Services

For our business services customers, we provide innovative, cloud-based Unified Communications as a Service, or UCaaS, solutions, comprised of integrated voice, text, video, data, collaboration, and mobile applications over our flexible, scalable Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) based Voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP, network. Our products and services permit these customers to communicate with their customers and employees through any cloud-connected device, in any place, at any time without the often costly investment required with on-site equipment. We have a robust set of product families tailored to serve the full range of the business market, including the small and medium business, or SMB, mid-market, and enterprise segments. We provide customers with multiple deployment options, designed to provide the reliability and quality of service they demand. Through our cloud-based middleware solution, gUnify, we provide customers the ability to integrate our cloud communications platform with many SaaS business applications, including Google for Work, Zendesk, Salesforce’s Sales Cloud, Clio, and other CRM solutions.

During 2015, we organized our business solutions to support the full range of business customer, using two product families: Vonage Essentials, based on our proprietary call processing platform that is purpose-built for SMB and mid-market customers; and Vonage Premier, based on Broadsoft’s call processing platform in combination with other Vonage cloud based solutions, which serves larger customers, from mid-market businesses through large enterprises. We also organized our salesforce to address the full business market, delivering the right products to the right customer. We believe operating two platforms at scale enables us to deliver the right products and solutions to address the needs of diverse customers while maximizing our subscriber economics regardless of segment served. Revenues are generated primarily through the sale of subscriptions for our UCaaS services. Our revenue generation efforts are focused on customer acquisition and retention as well as providing additional services to existing customers as they grow and scale.

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Our diverse customer base spans multiple industries, including manufacturing, automotive, legal, information technology, financial services, construction, real estate, engineering, healthcare, and non-profit.

Vonage Essentials. Vonage Essentials customers subscribe to our cloud-based communication services, delivered through our proprietary platform that is purpose-built for SMB and mid-market customers. Essentials provides a cost-effective, scalable, feature-rich solution, delivered over-the-top of a customer’s broadband, typically month-to-month without a commitment. Vonage Essentials is sold primarily through our direct telesales and online channels, and is increasingly sold through our channel partners and field sales teams. We believe the strength of the Vonage brand directly contributes to a lower-cost customer acquisition model and provides attractive subscriber economics.

Vonage Premier. Our Vonage Premier offerings are tailor-made for the large mid-market and enterprise segments. Vonage Premier is a feature-rich/fully managed solution that utilizes Broadsoft Inc.’s ("Broadsoft") enterprise-grade call processing platform, in combination with other Vonage cloud services like advanced contact center, video conferencing, speak2dial, infrastructure as a service (IaaS), and Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI), and can be provided with high-level QoS, which is generally delivered over our national MPLS network, with 21 network Points of Presence (POPs) across the country. Customers value our proprietary provisioning and feature-management tool, named Zeus, which enables the rapid deployment of solutions directly by Vonage while giving full visibility to our channel partners and our customers. Further differentiating Vonage is our robust service delivery team comprised of team members specializing in project management, voice and data provisioning, and line number porting. This team is intensely focused on providing an outstanding customer experience, and is rapidly becoming a competitive differentiator.

Our Vonage Premier offering is sold through our channel partners, and our field and enterprise sales teams, and generally requires a three-year contract. We are a preferred provider for many of the largest master agents in the country, harnessing a network of over 20,000 sub agents selling both Vonage Premier and Vonage Essentials. We believe we have one of the largest multi-channel distribution sales platforms in our industry to serve the full range of business customers. We plan to capitalize on the growing adoption of cloud-based communications and collaboration solutions by continuing to expand our salesforce, expand into new markets, and enhance our relationships with existing customers to provide additional functionality and overall business value that can be achieved with our UCaaS platform.

Consumer Services

For our consumer services customers, we enable users to access and utilize our UCaaS services and features, via a single “identity,” either a number or user name, regardless of how they are connected to the Internet, including over 3G, LTE, Cable, or DSL broadband networks. This technology enables us to offer our consumer services customers attractively priced voice and messaging services and other features around the world on a variety of devices.

Our consumer services strategy is focused on the continued penetration of our core North American markets, where we will continue to provide value in international long distance and target under-served ethnic segments.

International long distance. As a part of our strategy, our primary focus in our domestic markets is serving the under-served ethnic segments in the United States with international calling needs. The markets for international long distance allow us to leverage our VoIP network by providing customers a low-cost and feature-rich alternative to services offered by telecom, cable, and international calling card providers. With our Vonage World product, we have successfully grown our international calling customer base in multiple ethnic markets.

To increase the visibility of our long distance plans, we have shifted an increasing portion of our marketing budget from broad national advertising as we target attractive segments of the international long distance market. We have inside sales channels where customers can subscribe to our services on-line or through our toll-free number, as well as a retail distribution channel through regional and national retailers.

For both our North American and international customers we provide mobile capability through our patented Vonage Extensions mobile app. Our mobile applications enable consumer services customers to make and receive phone calls on their mobile devices from anywhere they have a Wi-Fi or cellular data connection. Our customers have found value in our ability to deliver high-quality voice solutions coupled with useful features and services.

We generate revenue through the acquisition and retention of consumer services customers. We are focused on optimizing the consumer services business by increasing profitability to improve the strong cash flows of the business. Our focus on operations during the past five years has led to a significantly improved cost structure. We have implemented operational efficiencies throughout our business and have substantially reduced domestic and international termination costs per minute, as well as customer care costs. We achieved these structural costs reductions while concurrently delivering significantly improved network call quality and customer service performance. These improvements in customer experience have contributed to the stabilization in churn over recent periods. During 2015, we continued our disciplined focus on marketing efficiency by shifting customer acquisition spend to our higher performing channels, improving the quality of customers we acquire and driving lower churn, all of which drive higher customer life-time value. This focus has led to a reallocation of certain marketing spend to direct response and digital

37

platforms and away from our assisted selling channel, which utilized direct face-to-face selling across multiple retail chains and community and event venues.

The result of these initiatives has been to create a strong cash flow business which provides financial stability, as well as cost synergies and structural advantages to our business serving the UCaaS business market.

Services outside of the United States. We currently have operations in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada and believe that our low-cost Internet based communications platform enables us to cost effectively deliver voice and messaging services to other locations throughout the world. In December 2014 we announced plans to exit the Brazilian market for residential telephony services and wind down our joint venture operations in the country. The Company completed this process at the end of the first quarter of 2015. This decision underscores the Company’s focus on providing UCaaS solutions to domestic consumer services and SMB, medium and large enterprise customers, which offer higher investment return opportunities.

Information on our revenues, operating income, and identifiable assets appears in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 hereof.

We had approximately 2.4 million combined consumer subscriber lines and business seats as of March 31, 2016, of which 93% were in the United States. We also have customers in Canada and the United Kingdom.

Trends

A number of trends in our industry have a significant effect on our results of operations and are important to an understanding of our financial statements.

Competitive landscape. We face intense competition from traditional telephone companies, wireless companies, cable companies, and alternative communication providers. Most traditional wireline and wireless telephone service providers and cable companies are substantially larger and better capitalized than we are and have the advantage of a large existing customer base. In addition, because our competitors provide other services, they often choose to offer VoIP services or other voice services as part of a bundle that includes other products, such as video, high speed Internet access, and wireless telephone service, which we do not offer. In addition, such competitors may in the future require new customers or existing customers making changes to their service to purchase voice services when purchasing high speed Internet access. Further, as wireless providers offer more minutes at lower prices, better coverage, and companion landline alternative services, their services have become more attractive to households as a replacement for wireline service. We also compete against alternative communication providers, such as magicJack, Skype, and Google Voice. Some of these service providers have chosen to sacrifice telephony revenue in order to gain market share and have offered their services at low prices or for free. As we continue to introduce applications that integrate different forms of voice and messaging services over multiple devices, we are facing competition from emerging competitors focused on similar integration, as well as from alternative voice communication providers. In addition, our competitors have partnered and may in the future partner with other competitors to offer products and services, leveraging their collective competitive positions. We also are subject to the risk of future disruptive technologies. In connection with our emphasis on the international long distance market in the United States, we face competition from low-cost international calling cards and VoIP providers in addition to traditional telephone companies, cable companies, and wireless companies, each of which may implement promotional pricing targeting international long distance callers.

Broadband adoption. The number of United States households with broadband Internet access has grown significantly. On March 16, 2010, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) released its National Broadband Plan, which seeks, through supporting broadband deployment and programs, to encourage broadband adoption for the approximately 100 million United States residents who do not have broadband at home. We expect the trend of greater broadband adoption to continue. We benefit from this trend because our service requires a broadband Internet connection and our potential addressable market increases as broadband adoption increases.

Regulation. Our business has developed in a relatively lightly regulated environment. The United States and other countries, however, are examining how VoIP services should be regulated. A November 2010 order by the FCC that permits states to impose state universal service fund obligations on VoIP service, discussed in Note 6 to our financial statements, is an example of efforts by regulators to determine how VoIP service fits into the telecommunications regulatory landscape. In addition to regulatory matters that directly address VoIP, a number of other regulatory initiatives could impact our business. One such regulatory initiative is net neutrality. In December 2010, the FCC adopted a revised set of net neutrality rules for broadband Internet service providers. These rules made it more difficult for broadband Internet service providers to block or discriminate against Vonage service. On January 14, 2014, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals vacated a significant portion of the 2010 rules. On May 15, 2014, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) proposing new net neutrality rules. After public response to the NPRM, the FCC adopted new neutrality rules on February 26, 2015. Several parties have filed appeals which are pending at the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. Oral arguments at the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals were held on December 4, 2015. See also the discussion under "Regulation" in Note 10 to our financial statements for a discussion of regulatory issues that impact us.

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Key Operating Data

Through our acquisitions of Vocalocity, Telesphere, Simple Signal, and iCore, our business has substantially evolved in recent quarters, with business customers now accounting for a substantial and growing portion of overall revenues. To reflect this evolution, we have made certain changes to our key operating data and income statement presentation to provide greater visibility into the operating metrics of the business. The key changes to the income statement include the combination of sales and marketing expenses into a new sales and marketing caption, separated from selling, general, and administrative expenses. A new line item entitled engineering and development has also been created, reflecting the cost of developing new products and technologies and supporting our service platforms. The remaining selling, general and administrative expenses after the above reclassifications have been renamed general and administrative expenses. The reclassifications have been reflected in all periods presented and had no impact on net earnings previously reported.

The table below includes key operating data that our management uses to measure the growth and operating performance of the consumer focused portion of our business:

Consumer	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
Revenues	$	153,004		$	177,830
Average monthly revenues per subscriber line	$	26.68		$	27.97
Subscriber lines (at period end)	1,881,826			2,094,365
Customer churn	2.2		%	2.4		%

Revenues. Consumer revenues represents revenue from our consumer customers including revenues from our legacy business customers using Vonage VoIP products.

Average monthly revenues per subscriber line. Average monthly revenues per subscriber line for a particular period is calculated by dividing our revenues for that period by the simple average number of subscriber lines for the period, and dividing the result by the number of months in the period. The simple average number of subscriber lines for the period is the number of subscriber lines on the first day of the period, plus the number of subscriber lines on the last day of the period, divided by two. Our average monthly revenues per subscriber line decreased from $27.97 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $26.68 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 due primarily to the “$10 dollars a month for the first year” pricing structure implemented in 2015 and lower ILD pay-per-use revenue.

Subscriber lines. Our subscriber lines include, as of a particular date, all paid subscriber lines from which a customer can make an outbound telephone call on that date. Our subscriber lines include fax lines, including fax lines bundled with subscriber lines in our small office home office calling plans and soft phones, but do not include our virtual phone numbers and toll free numbers, which only allow inbound telephone calls to customers. Subscriber lines decreased from 2,094,365 as of March 31, 2015 to 1,881,826 as of March 31, 2016, reflecting planned actions to enhance the profitability of the assisted sales channel by eliminating lower performing locations and restructuring the pricing offers, and to shift investment to our business market.

Customer churn. Customer churn is calculated by dividing the number of customers that have terminated during a period by the simple average of number of customers in a given period. The simple average number of customers during the period is the number of customers on the first day of the period, plus the number of customers on the last day of the period, divided by two. Terminations, as used in the calculation of churn statistics, do not include customers terminated during the period if termination occurred within the first month after activation. Other companies may calculate customer churn differently, and their customer churn data may not be directly comparable to ours. Customer churn was 2.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and the three months ended December 31,2015, compared to 2.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The decrease was due primarily toour decision to maximize customer value by focusing marketing spend on higher return channels and away from assisted selling channels which had higher early life churn. We monitor customer churn on a daily basis and use it as an indicator of the level of customer satisfaction. Customers who have been with us for a year or more tend to have a lower churn rate than customers who have not. In addition, our customers who are international callers generally churn at a lower rate than customers who are domestic callers. Our customer churn will fluctuate over time due to economic conditions, competitive pressures including promotional pricing targeting international long distance callers, marketplace perception of our services, and our ability to provide high quality customer care and network quality and add future innovative products and services. Customer churn differs from our

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previously reported average monthly customer churn in that our business customers are no longer included in this metric. See the discussion below for detail regarding churn impacting our business customers.

The table below includes key operating data that our management uses to measure the growth and operating performance of the business focused portion of our business:

Business	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
Revenues	$	73,820		$	41,900
Average monthly revenues per seat	$	44.50		$	43.05
Seats (at period end)	564,146			337,649
Revenue churn	1.3		%	1.4		%

Revenues. Business revenues includes revenues from our business customers from acquired entities and excludes revenues from our legacy business customers.

Average monthly revenues per seat. Average monthly revenues per seat for a particular period is calculated by dividing our revenues for that period by the simple average number of seats for the period, and dividing the result by the number of months in the period. The simple average number of seats for the period is the number of seats on the first day of the period, plus the number of seats on the last day of the period, divided by two. Our average monthly revenues per seat increased from $43.05 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $44.50 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 due to our successful acquisitions and subsequent organic growth in the mid-market and enterprise space starting last December.

Seats. Seats include, as of a particular date, all paid seats from which a customer can make an outbound telephone call on that date and virtual seats. Seats exclude electronic fax lines and toll free numbers, which do no allow outbound telephone calls by customers. Seats increased from 337,649 as of March 31, 2015 to 564,146 as of March 31, 2016. This increase is due to continued growth in our business customers as we have increased marketing investment to attract these more profitable customers. It also includes 35,256 seats existing at Simple Signal at the time of acquisition, and 86,309 seats existing at iCore at the time of acquisition, respectively.

Revenue churn. Revenue churn is calculated by dividing the monthly recurring revenue from customers that have terminated during a period by the simple average of the total monthly recurring revenue from all customers in a given period. The simple average of total monthly recurring revenue from all customers during the period is the total monthly recurring revenue on the first day of the period, plus the total monthly recurring revenue on the last day of the period, divided by two. Terminations, as used in the calculation of churn statistics, do not include customers terminated during the period if termination occurred within the first month after activation. Other companies may calculate revenue churn differently, and their revenue churn data may not be directly comparable to ours. Revenue churn was 1.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2016, 1.1% for the three months ended December 31,2015, and 1.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The increase in revenue churn period over period was due to the loss of customers that were acquired. The decrease in revenue churn for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015 was due to improvements in customer retention within Essentials and Premier, as well as the addition of iCore's mid-market and enterprise customer base. We are continuing to invest in our overall quality of service which includes customer care headcount and systems, billing systems, on-boarding processes and self-service options to ensure we scale our processes to our growth and continue to improve the overall customer experience.

Revenues

Revenues consist of services revenue and customer equipment and shipping revenue. Substantially all of our revenues are services revenue. For residential customers in the United States, we offer domestic and international rate plans, including a variety of residential plans and mobile plans. The “Vonage World” plan, available in the United States and Canada, offers unlimited calling across the United States and Puerto Rico, unlimited international calling to over 60 countries including India, Mexico, and China, subject to certain restrictions, and free voicemail to text messages with Vonage Visual Voicemail. Each of our unlimited plans other than Vonage World offers unlimited domestic calling as well as unlimited calling to Puerto Rico, Canada, and selected European countries, subject to certain restrictions. Each of our basic plans offers a limited number of domestic calling minutes per month. We offer similar plans in Canada. Under our basic plans, we charge on a per minute basis when the number of domestic calling minutes included in the plan is exceeded for a particular month. International calls (except for calls to Puerto Rico, Canada and certain European countries under our unlimited plans and a variety of countries under international calling plans and Vonage World)

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are charged on a per minute basis. These per minute fees are not included in our monthly subscription fees. Through our acquisitions of Vocalocity, Telesphere, Simple Signal, and iCore, we offer SMB and small office/home office (SOHO) customers several service plans with different pricing structures and contractual requirements ranging in duration from month-to-month to three years. The service plans include an array of basic and enhanced features applicable to the needs of SMB and SOHO customers. In addition, we provide managed equipment to business customers for which the customers pay a monthly fee. Customers also have the opportunity to purchase premium features for additional fees.

In addition to our landline telephony business, we are leveraging our technology to offer services and applications for mobile and other connected devices to address large existing markets. We introduced our first mobile offering in late 2009 and in early 2012 we introduced Vonage Mobile, our all-in-one mobile application that provides free calling and messaging between users who have the application, as well as traditional paid international calling to any other phone. This mobile application works over WiFi, 3G and 4G and in more than 90 countries worldwide. The application consolidates the best features of our prior applications, while adding important functionality, value and ease of use including direct payment through iTunes.

We derive most of our services revenue from monthly subscription fees that we charge our customers under our service plans. We also offer residential fax service, virtual phone numbers, toll free numbers and other services, and charge an additional monthly fee for each service. We automatically charge these fees to our customers’ credit cards, debit cards, or electronic check payments (“ECP”), monthly in advance. We also automatically charge the per minute fees not included in our monthly subscription fees to our customers’ credit cards, debit cards or ECP monthly in arrears unless they exceed a certain dollar threshold, in which case they are charged immediately.

By collecting monthly subscription fees in advance and certain other charges immediately after they are incurred, we are able to reduce the amount of accounts receivable that we have outstanding, thus allowing us to have lower working capital requirements. Collecting in this manner also helps us mitigate bad debt losses, which are recorded as a reduction to revenue. If a customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP is declined, we generally suspend international calling capabilities as well as the customer’s ability to incur domestic usage charges in excess of their plan minutes. Historically, in most cases, we are able to correct the problem with the customer within the current monthly billing cycle. If the customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP could not be successfully processed during three billing cycles (i.e., the current and two subsequent monthly billing cycles), we terminate the account.

In the United States, we charge regulatory, compliance, E-911, and intellectual property-related recovery fees on a monthly basis to defray costs, and to cover taxes that we are charged by the suppliers of telecommunications services. In addition, we recognize revenue on a gross basis for contributions to the Federal Universal Service Fund (“USF”) and related fees. All other taxes are recorded on a net basis.

In addition, historically, we charged a disconnect fee for customers who terminated their service plan within the first twelve months of service. Disconnect fees are recorded as revenue and are recognized at the time the customer terminates service. Beginning in September 2010, we eliminated the disconnect fee for new customers. In February of 2012, we re-introduced service agreements as an option for new customers.

Services revenue is offset by the cost of certain customer acquisition activities, such as rebates and promotions.

Customer equipment and shipping revenue consists of revenue from sales of customer equipment to our wholesalers or directly to customers and retailers. In addition, customer equipment and shipping revenues include revenues from the sale of VoIP telephones in order to access our small and medium business services. Customer equipment and shipping revenue also includes the fees, when collected, that we charge our customers for shipping any equipment to them.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses consist of cost of service, cost of goods sold, sales and marketing expense, engineering and development expense, general and administrative expense, and depreciation and amortization.

Cost of service. Cost of service primarily consists of fees that we pay to third parties on an ongoing basis in order to provide our services. These fees include:

• Access charges that we pay to other companies to terminate domestic and international calls on the public switched telephone network, with a portion of these payments ultimately being made to incumbent telephone companies. When a Vonage subscriber calls another Vonage subscriber, we do not pay an access charge.

• The cost of leasing Internet transit services from multiple Internet service providers. This Internet connectivity is used to carry VoIP session initiation signaling and packetized audio media between our subscribers and our regional data centers.

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• The cost of leasing from other companies the telephone numbers that we provide to our customers. We lease these telephone numbers on a monthly basis.

• The cost of co-locating our regional data connection point equipment in third-party facilities owned by other companies, Internet service providers or collocation facility providers.

• The cost of providing local number portability, which allows customers to move their existing telephone numbers from another provider to our service. Only regulated telecommunications providers have access to the centralized number databases that facilitate this process. Because we are not a regulated telecommunications provider, we must pay other telecommunications providers to process our local number portability requests.

• The cost of complying with FCC regulations regarding VoIP emergency services, which require us to provide enhanced emergency dialing capabilities to transmit 911 calls for our customers.

• Taxes that we pay on our purchase of telecommunications services from our suppliers or imposed by government agencies such as Federal USF and related fees.

• License fees for use of third party intellectual property.

• The personnel and related expenses of certain network operations and technical support employees and contractors.

Cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold primarily consists of costs that we incur when a customer first subscribes to our service. These costs include:

• The cost of the equipment that we provide to residential customers who subscribe to our service through our direct sales channel in excess of activation fees when an activation fee is collected. Business customers' purchased equipment is recorded on a net basis. The remaining cost of customer equipment is deferred up to the activation fee collected and amortized over the estimated average customer life.

• The cost of the equipment that we sell directly to retailers.

• The cost of shipping and handling for customer equipment, together with the installation manual, that we ship to customers.

• The cost of certain products or services that we give customers as promotions.

Sales and marketing expense. Sales and marketing expense includes:

• Advertising costs, which comprise a majority of our sales and marketing expense and include online, television, direct mail, alternative media, promotions, sponsorships, and inbound and outbound telemarketing.

• Creative and production costs.

• The costs to serve and track our online advertising.

• Certain amounts we pay to retailers for activation commissions.

• The cost associated with our customer referral program.

• The personnel and related expenses of sales and marketing employees and contractors.

• Transaction fees paid to credit card, debit card, and ECP companies and other third party billers such as iTunes, which may include a per transaction charge in addition to a percent of billings charge.

• The cost of customer support and collections.

• Systems and information technology support.

Engineering and development expense.Engineering and development expense includes:

• The personnel and related expenses of developers responsible for new products and software engineers maintaining and enhancing existing products.

General and administrative expense.General and administrative expense includes:

• Personnel and related costs for executive, legal, finance, and human resources employees and contractors.

• Share-based expense related to share-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants.

• Rent and related expenses.

• Professional fees for legal, accounting, tax, public relations, lobbying, and development activities.

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• Acquisition related transaction and integration costs.

• Litigation settlements.

Depreciation and amortization expenses.Depreciation and amortization expenses include:

• Depreciation of our network equipment, furniture and fixtures, and employee computer equipment.

• Depreciation of Company-owned equipment in use at customer premises.

• Amortization of leasehold improvements and purchased and developed software.

• Amortization of intangible assets (developed technology, customer relationships, non-compete agreements, patents, trademarks and trade names).

• Loss on disposal or impairment of property and equipment.

Other Income (Expense)

Other Income (Expense) includes:

• Interest income on cash and cash equivalents.

• Interest expense on notes payable, patent litigation judgments and settlements and capital leases.

• Amortization of debt related costs.

• Accretion of notes.

• Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on foreign currency.

• Gain (loss) on extinguishment of notes.

• Realized gains (losses) on sale of marketable securities.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, as a percentage of consolidated operating revenues, our consolidated statement of operations for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Revenues	100	%	100	%
Operating Expenses:
Cost of service (excluding depreciation and amortization)	30		28
Cost of goods sold	4		4
Sales and marketing	35		39
Engineering and development	3		3
General and administrative	12		11
Depreciation and amortization	8		6
	92		91
Income from operations	8		9
Other Income (Expense):
Interest income	—		—
Interest expense	(1	)	(1	)
Other income (expense), net	—		—
	(1	)	(1	)
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	7		8
Income tax expense	(4	)	(3	)
Income from continuing operations	3		5
Loss from discontinued operations	—		(1	)
Loss on disposal, net of taxes	—		—
Discontinued operations	—		(1	)
Net income	3		4
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		—
Net income attributable to Vonage	3	%	4	%

Summary of Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015

Revenues, Cost of Service and Cost of Goods Sold

(in thousands, except percentages)	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015		Dollar Change			Percent Change
Revenues	$	226,824	$	219,730	$	7,094		3	%
Cost of service (1)	69,150		61,853		7,297			12	%
Cost of goods sold	9,066		9,190		(124		)	(1	)%
	148,608		148,687		(79		)	—	%

(1) Excludes depreciation and amortization of $6,833 and $5,724, respectively.

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Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2016 compared to Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2015

Revenues. Revenues increased $7,094, or 3%, as a result of growth in Business revenue of $31,919 due to an increase in the number of Business seats as we have shifted marketing investment to attract these more profitable customers and the impact of Simple Signal, which was acquired on April 1, 2015 and the impact of iCore, which was acquired on August 31, 2015. This growth in Business revenue was offset by a decrease of $24,825 in Consumer revenue due to fewer subscriber lines reflecting planned actions to enhance the profitability of the assisted sales channel by eliminating lower performing locations and restructuring the pricing offers.

Cost of service. The increase in cost of service of $7,297, or 12%, was primarily driven by higher technical care costs and network operations cost in support of growth in Business customers including the addition of Simple Signal, and iCore and higher USF and related fees imposed by government agencies, offset by a decrease in international usage costs.

Cost of goods sold. The decrease in cost of goods sold of $124, or 1%, was primarily due to a decrease in consumer customers' equipment costs of $1,085 due to lower new customer additions and a decrease in reserve related to inventory of $1,096, offset by an increase in business customers' equipment costs of $1,783 due to higher new customer additions.

Sales and Marketing

(in thousands, except percentages)	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015		Dollar Change			Percent Change
Sales and marketing	$	79,601	$	85,564	$	(5,963	)	(7	)%

Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2016 compared to Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2015

Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expense decreased by $5,963, or 7%, due to a reduction in Consumer marketing reflecting planned actions to enhance the profitability of the assisted sales channel by eliminating lower performing locations offset by an increase in Business as we have shifted marketing investment to attract these more profitable customers.

Engineering and Development

(in thousands, except percentages)	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015		Dollar Change		Percent Change
Engineering and development	$	6,834	$	6,605	$	229	3	%

Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2016 compared to Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2015

Engineering and development. Engineering and development expense increased by $229, or 3%, due to incremental investment in new business products and services.

General and Administrative

(in thousands, except percentages)	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015		Dollar Change		Percent Change
General and administrative	$	26,670	$	23,234	$	3,436	15	%

Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2016 compared to Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2015

General and administrative. General and administrative expense increased by $3,436, or 15%, primarily due to the addition of Simple Signal and iCore and incremental stock compensation of $814.

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Depreciation and Amortization

(in thousands, except percentages)	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015		Dollar Change		Percent Change
Depreciation and amortization	$	16,979	$	13,945	$	3,034	22	%

Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2016 compared to Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2015

Depreciation and amortization. The increase in depreciation and amortization of $3,034, or 22%, was primarily due to the amortization of acquisition-related intangibles from the acquisition of Simple Signal in April 2015 and iCore in August 2015.

Other Income (Expense)

(in thousands, except percentages)	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015			Dollar Change			Percent Change
Interest income	$	21		$	20		$	1		5	%
Interest expense	(2,446		)	(1,935		)	(511		)	(26	)%
Other income (expense), net	154			(577		)	731			127	%
	$	(2,271	)	$	(2,492	)	$	221

Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2016 compared to Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2015

Interest expense. The increase in interest expense of $511, or 26%, was due mainly to the funds we borrowed from the 2014 Credit Facility in April 2015 in connection with the acquisition of Simple Signal, and the funds we borrowed from the 2015 Credit Facility in August 2015 in connection with the acquisition of iCore.

Other income (expense), net. The decrease in other expense of $731, or 127%, was due mainly to realized loss on foreign currency in 2015.

Provision for Income Taxes

(in thousands, except percentages)	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015			Dollar Change			Percent Change
Income tax expense	$	(8,322	)	$	(6,998	)	$	(1,324	)	(19	)%
Effective tax rate	51.2		%	41.5		%

We recognize income tax expense equal to pre-tax income multiplied by our effective income tax rate. In addition, adjustments are recorded for discrete period items and changes to our state effective tax rate. In the first quarter of 2016 a discrete period tax expense of $1,220 was recorded related to expired stock options. In the first quarter of 2015 a discrete period tax benefit of $1,058 was recorded in discontinued operations related to the write-off of intercompany loans associated with the wind down of our joint venture in Brazil.

The provision also includes the federal alternative minimum tax and state and local income taxes.

The effective tax rate is calculated by dividing income tax expense by income before income tax expense. The 2016 estimated annual effective tax rate is expected to approximate42%, but may fluctuate each quarter due to our foreign operations and certain discrete period transactions.

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Discontinued Operations Attributable to Vonage

(in thousands, except percentages)	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015			Dollar Change			Percent Change
Loss from discontinued operations	$	—	$	(1,615	)	$	1,615		100	%
Loss on disposal, net of taxes	$	—	$	(824	)	$	824		100	%
Discontinued operations	$	—	$	(2,439	)	$	2,439
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	$	—	$	59		$	(59	)	(100	)%
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(2,380	)	$	2,380		100	%

Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2016 compared to Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2015

Discontinued operations attributable to Vonage. The 2015 loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage was for the operation loss from our discontinued Brazilian market.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	14,572		$	10,724
Net cash used in investing activities	(10,153		)	(7,994		)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(26,099		)	8,860

For the three months endedMarch 31, 2016, we generated income from operations. We expect to continue to balance efforts to grow our revenue while consistently achieving operating profitability. To grow our revenue, we continue to make investments in growth initiatives, marketing, application development, network quality and expansion, and customer care. Although we believe we will achieve consistent profitability in the future, we ultimately may not be successful and we may not achieve consistent profitability. We believe that cash flow from operations and cash on hand will fund our operations for at least the next twelve months.

Acquisition of iCore

iCore was acquired on August 31, 2015 for $92,000 cash consideration increased by $689 of working capital excess as of the closing date resulting in a total acquisition cost of $92,689. We financed the transaction with $10,689 of cash and $82,000 from our revolving credit facility.

Acquisition of Simple Signal

Simple Signal was acquired on April 1, 2015 for $25,250, reduced by $198 of working capital shortfall as of the closing date and increased by $526 for the increase in value of the 1,111 shares of Vonage common stock from the signing date to the closing date, resulting in a total acquisition cost of $25,578. We financed the transaction by borrowing $20,000 from our 2014 Credit Facility.

2015 Financing

On July 27, 2015, we entered into a credit agreement (the “2015 Credit Facility”) consisting of a $100,000 term note and a $250,000 revolving credit facility. The co-borrowers under the 2015 Credit Facility are the Company and Vonage America Inc., the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary. Obligations under the 2015 Credit Facility are guaranteed, fully and unconditionally, by the Company’s other United States material subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of the assets of each borrower and each guarantor. The lenders under the 2015 Credit Facility are JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., Fifth Third Bank, MUFG Union Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, SunTrust Bank, Keybank National Association, Santander Bank, N.A.,

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Capital One National Association, and First Niagara Bank, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is a party to the agreement as administrative agent, Citizens Bank, N.A. as syndication agent, and Fifth Third Bank, MUFG Union Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, SunTrust Bank as documentation agents. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Citizens Bank, N.A. acted as joint lead bookrunners, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Citizens Bank, N.A., Fifth Third Bank, MUFG Union Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey Inc. acted as joint lead arrangers.

Use of Proceeds

We used $167,000 of the net available proceeds of the 2015 Credit Facility to retire all of the debt under our 2014 Credit Facility. Remaining proceeds from the term note and the undrawn revolving credit facility under the 2015 Credit Facility will be used for general corporate purposes. We also incurred fees of $2,007 in connection with the 2015 Credit Facility, of which $602 was allocated to the term note and $1,405 was allocated to the revolving credit facility. The unamortized fees of $1,628 in connection with the 2014 Credit Facility was allocated as follows: $733 to the term note and $895 revolving credit facility. In adopting ASU 2015-03, fees allocated to the term note were reported in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the face amount of the liability and in adopting ASU ASU 2015-15, fees allocated to the revolving credit facility were reported in the balance sheet as as asset. These fees are amortized to interest expenses over the life of the debt using the effective interest method for the term note and straight line method for the revolving credit facility.

2015 Credit Facility Terms

The following description summarizes the material terms of the 2015 Credit Facility:

The loans under the 2015 Credit Facility mature in July 2019. Principal amounts under the 2015 Credit Facility are repayable in quarterly installments of $3,750 for the term note. The unused portion of our revolving credit facility incurs a 0.40% commitment fee. Such commitment fee will be reduced to 0.375% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00 and to 0.35% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00.

Outstanding amounts under the 2015 Credit Facility, at our option, will bear interest at:

• LIBOR (applicable to one-, two-, three-, six-, or twelve-month periods) plus an applicable margin equal to 2.50% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 2.75% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 3.00% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last day of each relevant interest period or, if the interest period is longer than three months, each day that is three months after the first day of the interest period, or

• the base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the prime rate of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., (b) the federal funds effective rate from time to time plus 0.50%, and (c) the adjusted LIBO rate applicable to one month interest periods plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.50% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 1.75% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 2.00% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last business day of each March, June, September, and December and the maturity date of the 2015 Credit Facility.

The 2015 Credit Facility provides greater flexibility to us in funding acquisitions and restricted payments, such as stock buybacks, than did the 2014 Credit Facility.

We may prepay the 2015 Credit Facility at our option at any time without premium or penalty. The 2015 Credit Facility is subject to mandatory prepayments in amounts equal to:

• 100% of the net cash proceeds from any non-ordinary course sale or other disposition of our property and assets for consideration in excess of a certain amount subject to customary reinvestment provisions and certain other exceptions and

• 100% of the net cash proceeds received in connection with other non-ordinary course transactions, including insurance proceeds not otherwise applied to the relevant insurance loss.

Subject to certain restrictions and exceptions, the 2015 Credit Facility permits us to obtain one or more incremental term loans and/or revolving credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount of up to $90,000 plus an amount equal to repayments of the term note upon providing documentation reasonably satisfactory to the administrative agent. The 2015 Credit Facility includes customary representations and warranties and affirmative covenants of the borrowers. In addition, the 2015 Credit Facility contains customary negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on the ability of us and our subsidiaries to consolidate or merge, create liens, incur additional indebtedness, dispose of assets, consummate acquisitions, make investments, and pay dividends and other distributions. We must also comply with the following financial covenants:

• a consolidated leverage ratio of no greater than 2.25 to 1.00, with a limited step-up to 2.75 to 1.00 for a period of four consecutive quarters, in connection with an acquisition made during the first two years of the 2015 Credit Facility;

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• a consolidated fixed coverage charge ratio of no less than 1.75 to 1.00 subject to adjustment to exclude up to $80,000 million in specified restricted payments;

• minimum cash of $25,000 including the unused portion of the revolving credit facility; and

• maximum capital expenditures not to exceed $55,000 during any fiscal year, provided that the unused amount of any permitted capital expenditures in any fiscal year may be carried forward to the next following fiscal year.

In addition, annual excess cash flow increases permitted capital expenditures.

As of March 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all covenants, including financial covenants, for the 2015 Credit Facility.

The 2015 Credit Facility contains customary events of default that may permit acceleration of the debt. During the continuance of a payment default, interest will accrue on overdue amounts at a default interest rate of 2% above the interest rate which would otherwise be applicable, in the case of loans, and at a rate equal to the rate applicable to base rate loans plus 2%, in the case of all other amounts.

2014 Financing

On August 13, 2014, we entered into a credit agreement (the “2014 Credit Facility”) consisting of a $100,000 term note and a $125,000 revolving credit facility. The co-borrowers under the 2014 Credit Facility were us and Vonage America Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary. Obligations under the 2014 Credit Facility were guaranteed, fully and unconditionally, by our other United States material subsidiaries and were secured by substantially all of the assets of each borrower and each guarantor. The lenders under the 2014 Credit Facility were JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, SunTrust Bank, Fifth Third Bank, Keybank National Association, and MUFG Union Bank, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. was a party to the agreement as administrative agent, Citizens Bank, N.A. as syndication agent, and Silicon Valley Bank and SunTrust Bank as documentation agents. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Citizens Bank, N.A. acted as joint lead bookrunners, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Citizens Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey Inc. acted as joint lead arrangers.

Use of Proceeds

We used $90,000 of the net available proceeds of the 2014 Credit Facility to retire all of the debt under our 2013 Credit Facility. Remaining proceeds from the term note and the undrawn revolving credit facility under the 2014 Credit Facility will be used for general corporate purposes. We also incurred $1,910 of fees in connection with the 2014 Credit Facility, which is amortized, along with the unamortized fees of $668 in connection with the 2013 Credit Facility, to interest expense over the life of the debt using the effective interest method.

2014 Credit Facility Terms

The following description summarizes the material terms of the 2014 Credit Facility:

The loans under the 2014 Credit Facility were scheduled to mature in August 2018. Principal amounts under the 2014 Credit Facility were repayable in quarterly installments of $5,000 per quarter for the term note. The unused portion of our revolving credit facility incurred a 0.40% commitment fee.

Outstanding amounts under the 2014 Credit Facility, at our option, bore interest at:

• LIBOR (applicable to one-, two-, three-, six-, or twelve-month periods) plus an applicable margin equal to 2.875% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 3.125% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 3.375% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last day of each relevant interest period or, if the interest period is longer than three months, each day that is three months after the first day of the interest period, or

• the base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the federal funds effective rate from time to time plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and (c) the adjusted LIBO rate applicable to one month interest periods plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.875% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 2.125% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 2.375% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last business day of each March, June, September, and December and the maturity date of the 2014 Credit Facility.

The 2014 Credit Facility provided greater flexibility to us in funding acquisitions and restricted payments, such as stock buybacks, than did the 2013 Credit Facility.

The 2014 Credit Facility was prepayable at our option at any time without premium or penalty. The 2014 Credit Facility was subject to mandatory prepayments in amounts equal to:

49

• 100% of the net cash proceeds from any non-ordinary course sale or other disposition of our property and assets for consideration in excess of a certain amount subject to customary reinvestment provisions and certain other exceptions and

• 100% of the net cash proceeds received in connection with other non-ordinary course transactions, including insurance proceeds not otherwise applied to the relevant insurance loss.

Subject to certain restrictions and exceptions, the 2014 Credit Facility permitted us to obtain one or more incremental term loans and/or revolving credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount of up to $60,000 plus an amount equal to repayments of the term note upon providing documentation reasonably satisfactory to the administrative agent. The 2014 Credit Facility included customary representations and warranties and affirmative covenants of the borrowers. In addition, the 2014 Credit Facility contained customary negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on the ability of us and our subsidiaries to consolidate or merge, create liens, incur additional indebtedness, dispose of assets, consummate acquisitions, make investments, and pay dividends and other distributions. We were also required to comply with the following financial covenants:

• a consolidated leverage ratio of no greater than 2.25 to 1.00;

• a consolidated fixed coverage charge ratio of no less than 1.75 to 1.00 subject to adjustment to exclude up to $80,000 in specified restricted payments;

• minimum cash of $25,000 including the unused portion of the revolving credit facility; and

• maximum capital expenditures not to exceed $55,000 during any fiscal year, provided that the unused amount of any permitted capital expenditures in any fiscal year may be carried forward to the next following fiscal year.

In addition, annual excess cash flow up to $8,000 increased permitted capital expenditures.

The 2014 Credit Facility contained customary events of default that permitted acceleration of the debt. During the continuance of a payment default, interest would accrue at a default interest rate of 2% above the interest rate which would otherwise be applicable, in the case of loans, and at a rate equal to the rate applicable to base rate loans plus 2%, in the case of all other amounts.

State and Local Sales Taxes

We also have contingent liabilities for state and local sales taxes. As of March 31, 2016, we had a reserve of $3,015. If our ultimate liability exceeds this amount, it could affect our liquidity unfavorably. However, we do not believe it will significantly impair our liquidity.

Capital Expenditures

For the three months endedMarch 31, 2016, capital expenditures were primarily for the implementation of software solutions and purchase of network equipment as we continue to expand our network. Our capital expenditures for the three months endedMarch 31, 2016 were $11,207, of which $2,312 was for software acquisition and development. The majority of these expenditures are comprised of investments in information technology and systems infrastructure, including an electronic data warehouse, online customer service, and customer management platforms. For 2016, we believe our capital and software expenditures will be approximately $38,000. This amount is net of Tenant Improvement capital dollars we are investing in our Holmdel, New Jersey headquarters which are being refunded by the building owner in connection with the long-term lease renewal we executed in the fourth quarter of 2015.

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities increased to $14,572 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2016 compared to $10,724 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2015, primarily due to net income improvement and changes in working capital.

Changes in working capital requirements include changes in accounts receivable, inventory, prepaid and other assets, accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities, and deferred revenue and costs. Cash used for working capital requirements decreased by $1,014 during the three months endedMarch 31, 2016 compared to the prior year period.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for the three months endedMarch 31, 2016 of $10,153 was mainly attributable to the purchase of capital expenditures of $8,895 and development of software assets of $2,312, offset by a decrease in restricted cash of $724 and the sales of marketable securities, net of purchase of $330.

Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2015 of $7,994 was mainly attributable to the acquisition of businesses of $3,505 , purchases of marketable securities, net of sales of $1,174, capital expenditures of $2,056 and

50

development of software assets of $2,258 , offset by a decrease in restricted cash of $999 due to the return of part of the security deposit on our leased office property in Holmdel, New Jersey.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities for the three months endedMarch 31, 2016 of $26,099 was primarily attributable to $3,750 in 2015 term note principal payments, $10,000 in 2015 revolving credit facility principal payments, $4,250 in patent license payments, $975 in capital lease and patent payments, and $7,590 in common stock repurchases, partially offset by $466 in proceeds received from the exercise of stock options.

Cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2015 of $8,860 was primarily attributable to $20,000 in net proceeds received from our 2014 Revolving Credit Facility and $2,825 in proceeds received from the exercise of stock options, partially offset by $5,000 in 2014 Credit Facility principal payments, $796 in capital lease payments, and $8,169 in common stock repurchases.

Common Stock Repurchases

On July 25, 2012, our board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $50,000 of Vonage common stock through December 31, 2013. On February 7, 2013, our board of directors discontinued the remainder of the $50,000 repurchase program effective at the close of business on February 12, 2013 with $16,682 of availability remaining, and authorized a new program to repurchase up to $100,000 of Vonage common stock by December 31, 2014 (the "2012 $100,000 repurchase program"). As of December 31, 2014, approximately $219 remained of our 2012 $100,000 repurchase program. The repurchase program expired on December 31, 2014.

On December 9, 2014, Vonage's Board of Directors authorized a new program for the Company to repurchase up to $100,000 of its outstanding common stock. Repurchases under the new program are expected to be made over a four-year period ending on December 31, 2018 (the "2014 $100,000 repurchase program").

 Under the new program, the timing and amount of repurchases will be determined by management based on its evaluation of market conditions, the trading price of the stock and will vary based on available capital resources and other financial and operational performance, market conditions, securities law limitations, and other factors. Repurchases may be made in the open market or through private transactions from time to time. The repurchases will be made using available cash balances. In any period, under each repurchase program, cash used in financing activities related to common stock repurchases may differ from the comparable change in stockholders' equity, reflecting timing differences between the recognition of share repurchase transactions and their settlement for cash.

As of March 31, 2016, approximately $76,797 remained of our 2014 $100,000 repurchase program. The repurchase program expires on December 31, 2018 but may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to financial market risks, including changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates.

Foreign Exchange Risk

We sell our products and services in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Changes in currency exchange rates affect the valuation in our financial statements of the assets and liabilities of these operations. We also have a portion of our sales denominated in Euros, the Canadian Dollar, and the British Pound, which are also affected by changes in currency exchange rates. Our financial results could be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, although foreign exchange risks have not been material to our financial position or results of operations to date.

Interest Rate and Debt Risk

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to our long-term debt.

Our 2015 Credit Facility consisting of a $100,000 term note and a $250,000 revolving credit facility. We are exposed to interest rate risk since amounts payable under the 2015 Credit Facility, at our option, bore interest at:

• LIBOR (applicable to one-, two-, three-, six-, or twelve-month periods) plus an applicable margin equal to 2.50% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 2.75% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 3.00% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or

51

equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last day of each relevant interest period or, if the interest period is longer than three months, each day that is three months after the first day of the interest period, or

• the base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the prime rate of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., (b) the federal funds effective rate from time to time plus 0.50%, and (c) the adjusted LIBO rate applicable to one month interest periods plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.50% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 1.75% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 2.00% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last business day of each March, June, September, and December and the maturity date of the 2015 Credit Facility.

As of March 31, 2016, if the interest rate on our variable rate debt changed by 1% on our 2015 term note, our annual debt service payment would change by approximately $900. As of March 31, 2016, if the interest rate on our variable rate debt changed by 1% on our 2015 revolving credit facility, our annual debt service payment would change by approximately $1,100.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) required by Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b), our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Controls. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II—Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are subject to a number of lawsuits, government investigations and claims arising out of the conduct of our business. See a discussion of our litigation matters in Note 6 of Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Item 2(a) and (b) are not applicable.

(c) Common stock repurchases (in thousands, except per share value):

Period	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased	(b) Average Price Paid per Share		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	(d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased under the Plans or Program
January 1, 2016 - January 31, 2016	400	$	4.99	400	$	82,811
February 1, 2016 - February 29, 2016	366	$	5.05	366	$	80,965
March 1, 2016 - March 31, 2016	887	$	4.70	887	$	76,797
	1,653			1,653

On February 7, 2013, our board of directors discontinued the remainder of the $50,000 repurchase program effective at the close of business on February 12, 2013 with $16,682 of availability remaining, and authorized a new program to repurchase up to $100,000 of Vonage common stock by December 31, 2014. As of December 31, 2014, approximately $219 remained of our 2012 $100,000 repurchase program. This repurchase program expired on December 31, 2014.

On December 9, 2014, Vonage's Board of Directors authorized a new program for the Company to repurchase up to $100,000 of its outstanding common stock. Repurchases under the 2014 $100,000 repurchase program are expected to be made over a four-year period ending on December 31, 2018.

 Under the new program, the timing and amount of repurchases will be determined by management based on its evaluation of market conditions, the trading price of the stock and will vary based on available capital resources and other financial and operational performance, market conditions, securities law limitations, and other factors. Repurchases may be made in the open market or through private transactions from time to time. The repurchases will be made using available cash balances. In any period, under each repurchase program, cash used in financing activities related to common stock repurchases may differ from the comparable change in stockholders' equity, reflecting timing differences between the recognition of share repurchase transactions and their settlement for cash.

During the three months endedMarch 31, 2016, we repurchased 1,653 shares of Vonage Holdings Corp. common stock for $8,008 using cash resources pursuant to the 2014 $100,000 repurchase program. The repurchases occurred in the open market and pursuant to a trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of March 31, 2016, approximately $76,797 remained of our 2014 $100,000 repurchase program.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

54

Item 6. Exhibits

31.1	Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)
31.2	Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)
32.1	Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)
101	The following financial statements from Vonage Holdings Corp.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2016, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2016, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit; and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(1) Filed herewith.

55

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.
Dated:	May 6, 2016	By:	/s/ David T. Pearson
			David T. Pearson Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

56

EXHIBIT INDEX

31.1	Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)
31.2	Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)
32.1	Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)
101	The following financial statements from Vonage Holdings Corp.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2016, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2016, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit; and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(1) Filed herewith.

57

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Alan Masarek, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Vonage Holdings Corp.;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)    designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)    designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)    evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)    disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)    all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)    any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 6, 2016	/s/    Alan Masarek
		Alan Masarek
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, David T. Pearson, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Vonage Holdings Corp.;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)    designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)    designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)    evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)    disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)    all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)    any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 6, 2016	/s/   David T. Pearson
		David T. Pearson
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Alan Masarek, certify to my knowledge pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report of Vonage Holdings Corp. on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Vonage Holdings Corp.

Date:	May 6, 2016	/s/    Alan Masarek
		Alan Masarek
		Chief Executive Officer

I, David T. Pearson, certify to my knowledge pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report of Vonage Holdings Corp. on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Vonage Holdings Corp.

Date:	May 6, 2016	/s/    David T. Pearson
		David T. Pearson
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Apr. 30, 2016
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2016
Entity Registrant Name	VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0001272830
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		213,482,039

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 35,889	$ 57,726
Marketable securities	9,600	9,908
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,459 and $1,091, respectively	20,846	19,913
Inventory, net of allowance of $394 and $686, respectively	5,587	5,542
Deferred customer acquisition costs, current	2,929	4,074
Deferred tax assets, current	23,985	23,985
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	18,600	15,659
Total current assets	117,436	136,807
Property and equipment, net	51,881	49,483
Goodwill	222,128	222,106
Software, net	20,293	20,710
Deferred customer acquisition costs, non-current	494	431
Debt related costs, net	1,909	2,053
Restricted cash	1,860	2,587
Intangible assets, net	130,537	138,199
Deferred tax assets, non-current	195,148	202,587
Other assets	9,247	9,603
Total assets	750,933	784,566
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	46,943	42,798
Accrued expenses	72,427	96,127
Deferred revenue, current portion	31,785	32,605
Current maturities of capital lease obligations	4,521	4,398
Current portion of notes payables	15,000	15,000
Total current liabilities	170,676	190,928
Indebtedness under revolving credit facility	109,000	119,000
Notes payable, net of debt related costs and current portion	72,749	76,392
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	791	851
Capital lease obligations, net of current maturities	2,265	3,363
Other liabilities, net of current portion in accrued expenses	2,940	5,291
Total liabilities	358,421	395,825
Commitments and Contingencies	0	0
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 596,950 shares authorized at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015; 270,772 and 268,947 shares issued at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively; 213,824 and 214,280 shares outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively	272	270
Additional paid-in capital	1,231,714	1,224,947
Accumulated deficit	(647,089)	(655,020)
Treasury stock, at cost, 56,948 shares at March 31, 2016 and 54,667 shares at December 31, 2015	(190,708)	(179,779)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,677)	(1,677)
Total stockholders’ equity	392,512	388,741
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 750,933	$ 784,566

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, allowance	$ 1,459	$ 1,091
Inventory, allowance	$ 394	$ 686
Common stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	596,950,000	596,950,000
Common stock, shares issued	270,772,000	268,947,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	213,824,000	214,280,000
Treasury stock, shares	56,948,000	54,667,000

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Income Statement [Abstract]
Total revenues	$ 226,824	$ 219,730
Operating Expenses:
Cost of service (excluding depreciation and amortization of $6,833 and $5,724, respectively)	69,150	61,853
Cost of goods sold	9,066	9,190
Sales and marketing	79,601	85,564
Engineering and development	6,834	6,605
General and administrative	26,670	23,234
Depreciation and amortization	16,979	13,945
Total operating expenses	208,300	200,391
Income from operations	18,524	19,339
Other Income (Expense):
Interest income	21	20
Interest expense	(2,446)	(1,935)
Other income (expense), net	154	(577)
Total other income (expense)	(2,271)	(2,492)
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense	16,253	16,847
Income tax expense	(8,322)	(6,998)
Income from continuing operations	7,931	9,849
Loss from discontinued operations	0	(1,615)
Loss on disposal, net of taxes	0	(824)
Discontinued operations	0	(2,439)
Net income	7,931	7,410
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	0	59
Net income attributable to Vonage	$ 7,931	$ 7,469
Net income per common share - continuing operations:
Basis (USD per share)	$ 0.04	$ 0.05
Diluted (USD per share)	0.04	0.04
Net loss per common share - discontinued operations attributable to Vonage:
Basis (USD per share)	0.00	(0.01)
Diluted (USD per share)	0.00	(0.01)
Net income attributable to Vonage per common share:
Basic (USD per share)	0.04	0.04
Diluted (USD per share)	$ 0.04	$ 0.03
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	214,039	211,844
Diluted (in shares)	224,225	220,589

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Income Statement [Abstract]
Depreciation and Amortization	$ 6,833	$ 5,724

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 7,931	$ 7,410
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(22)	312
Discontinued operations cumulative translation adjustment	0	974
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities	22	(4)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	0	1,282
Comprehensive income	7,931	8,692
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest:
Comprehensive loss	0	59
Total comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest	0	59
Comprehensive income attributable to Vonage	$ 7,931	$ 8,751

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 7,931	$ 7,410
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization and impairment charges	9,317	8,501
Amortization of intangibles	7,662	5,635
Deferred tax expense	7,439	5,378
Loss on foreign currency	0	1,358
Allowance for doubtful accounts	0	(26)
Allowance for obsolete inventory	0	1,180
Amortization of debt related costs	251	238
Share-based expense	6,303	5,488
Non-controlling interest	0	907
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(910)	(3,416)
Inventory	(25)	(2,129)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(3,079)	(2,409)
Deferred customer acquisition costs	1,084	554
Other assets	356	(613)
Accounts payable	4,122	(11,867)
Accrued expenses	(25,095)	(4,989)
Deferred revenue	(933)	(1,055)
Other liabilities	149	579
Net cash provided by operating activities	14,572	10,724
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(8,895)	(2,056)
Purchase of marketable securities	(3,618)	(2,061)
Maturities and sales of marketable securities	3,948	887
Acquisition and development of software assets	(2,312)	(2,258)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	0	(3,505)
Decrease in restricted cash	724	999
Net cash used in investing activities	(10,153)	(7,994)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments on capital lease obligations	(5,225)	(796)
Principal payments on notes and revolving credit facility	(13,750)	(5,000)
Proceeds received from draw down of revolving credit facility and issuance of notes payable	0	20,000
Common stock repurchases	(7,590)	(8,169)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	466	2,825
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(26,099)	8,860
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(157)	(163)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(21,837)	11,427
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	57,726	40,797
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	35,889	52,224
Cash paid during the periods for:
Interest	2,190	1,787
Income taxes	1,624	89
Non-cash transactions during the periods for:
Common stock repurchases	443	285
Issuance of Common Stock in connection with acquisition of business	$ 0	$ 5,578

XML

Consolidated Statement Of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - 3 months ended Mar. 31, 2016 - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 388,741	$ 270	$ 1,224,947	$ (655,020)	$ (179,779)	$ (1,677)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock option exercises	466	2	464
Share-based expense	6,303		6,303
Share-based award activity	(2,896)				(2,896)
Common stock repurchases	(8,033)				(8,033)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(22)					(22)
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities	22					22
Net income	7,931			7,931
Balance at Mar. 31, 2016	$ 392,512	$ 272	$ 1,231,714	$ (647,089)	$ (190,708)	$ (1,677)

XML

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Vonage Holdings Corp. (“Vonage”, “Company”, “we”, “our”, “us”) is incorporated as a Delaware corporation. We are a leading provider of communications services connecting people through cloud-connected devices worldwide. Customers in the United States represented 93% of our combined subscriber lines and seats at March 31, 2016, with the balance in Canada and the United Kingdom.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and information have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and statement of stockholders’ equity for the periods presented. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 2016.

Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Vonage and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We also consolidate a majority-owned entity in Brazil where we had the ability to exercise controlling influence. The ownership interest of the noncontrolling party is presented as noncontrolling interest. On March 31, 2015, the Company completed its previously announced exit from the Brazilian market for consumer telephony services and the associated wind down of its joint venture operations in the country. The results of Brazilian operations are presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The results of companies acquired or disposed of are included in the consolidated financial statements from the effective date of the acquisition or up to the date of disposal.

Use of Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including the following:

• the useful lives of property and equipment, software costs, and intangible assets;

• assumptions used for the purpose of determining share-based compensation using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and Monte Carlo simulation model (“Models”), and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable; the key inputs for these Models include our stock price at valuation date, exercise price, the dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, life in years, and historical volatility of our common stock; and

• assumptions used in determining the need for, and amount of, a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets.

We base our estimates on historical experience, available market information, appropriate valuation methodologies, and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Revenue Recognition

Operating revenues consist of services revenue and customer equipment (which enables our services) and shipping revenue. The point in time at which revenues are recognized is determined in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition, and Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, Revenue Recognition.

At the time a customer signs up for our services, there are the following deliverables:

• Providing equipment, if any, to the customer that enables our services; and

• Providing services.

The equipment is generally provided free of charge to our customers and in most instances there are no fees collected at sign-up. We record the fees collected for shipping the equipment to the customer, if any, as shipping and handling revenue at the time of shipment.

Services Revenue

Substantially all of our revenues are services revenues, which are derived primarily from monthly subscription fees that customers are charged under our service plans. We also derive services revenues from per minute fees for international calls if not covered under a plan, including calls made via applications for mobile devices and other stand-alone products, and for any calling minutes in excess of a customer’s monthly plan limits. Monthly subscription fees are automatically charged to customers’ credit cards, debit cards or electronic check payments ("ECP"), in advance and are recognized over the following month when services are provided. Revenues generated from international calls and from customers exceeding allocated call minutes under limited minute plans are recognized as services are provided, that is, as minutes are used, and are billed to a customer's credit cards, debit cards or ECP in arrears. As a result of multiple billing cycles each month, we estimate the amount of revenues earned from international calls and from customers exceeding allocated call minutes under limited minute plans but not billed from the end of each billing cycle to the end of each reporting period and record these amounts as accounts receivable. These estimates are based primarily upon historical minutes and have been consistent with our actual results.

We also provide rebates to customers who purchase their customer equipment from retailers and satisfy minimum service period requirements. These rebates in excess of activation fees are recorded as a reduction of revenues over the service period based upon the estimated number of customers that will ultimately earn and claim the rebates.

In the United States, we charge regulatory, compliance, E-911, and intellectual property-related fees on a monthly basis to defray costs, and to cover taxes that we are charged by the suppliers of telecommunications services. In addition, we charge customers Federal Universal Service Fund (“USF”) fees. We recognize revenue on a gross basis for USF and related fees. We record these fees as revenue when billed. All other taxes are recorded on a net basis.

Customer Equipment and Shipping Revenue

Customer equipment and shipping revenues consist of revenues from sales of customer equipment to wholesalers or directly to customers for replacement devices, or for upgrading their device at the time of customer sign-up for which we charge an additional fee. In addition, customer equipment and shipping revenues include revenues from the sale of VoIP telephones in order to access our small and medium business services. Customer equipment and shipping revenues also include the fees that customers are charged for shipping their customer equipment to them. Customer equipment and shipping revenues include sales to our retailers, who subsequently resell this customer equipment to customers. Revenues are reduced for payments to retailers and rebates to customers, who purchased their customer equipment through these retailers, to the extent of customer equipment and shipping revenues.

Cost of Service

Cost of service consists of costs that we pay to third parties in order to provide services. These costs include access and interconnection charges that we pay to other companies to terminate domestic and international phone calls on the public switched telephone network. In addition, these costs include the cost to lease phone numbers, to co-locate in other companies’ facilities, to provide enhanced emergency dialing capabilities to transmit 911 calls, and to provide local number portability. These costs also include taxes that we pay on telecommunications services from our suppliers or are imposed by government agencies such as federal universal service fund (“USF”) contributions and royalties for use of third parties’ intellectual property. In addition, these costs include certain personnel and related costs for network operations and technical support that are attributable to revenue generating activities.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of costs that we incur when a customer signs up for our service. These costs include the cost of customer equipment for customers who subscribe through the direct sales channel in excess of activation fees. In addition, these costs include the amortization of deferred customer equipment, the cost of shipping and handling for customer equipment, the installation manual that accompanies the customer equipment, and the cost of certain promotions.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs for employees and contractors directly associated with our sales and marketing activities, internet advertising fees, radio and billboard advertising, public relations, commissions paid to employees, resellers and other third parties, trade shows, marketing and promotional activities, customer support, credit card fees, collections, and systems and information technology support.

Engineering and Development Expenses

Engineering and development expenses primarily include personnel and related costs for developers responsible for new products, and software engineers maintaining and enhancing existing products. These costs have been reclassified from selling, general and administrative expenses. Research and development costs related to new product development included in engineering and development were$4,908and$4,055forthree months endedMarch 31, 2016and2015, respectively.

Costs for research, including predevelopment efforts prior to establishing technological feasibility of software expected to be marketed, are expensed as incurred.

Development costs are capitalized when technological feasibility has been established and anticipated future revenues support the recoverability of the capitalized amounts. Capitalization stops when the product is available for general release to customers. Due to the short time period between achieving technological feasibility and product release and the insignificant amount of costs incurred during such periods, we have not capitalized any software development, and have expensed these costs as incurred.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily relate to our executive, finance, human resources, legal, and information technology organizations. General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, stock compensation, board of directors' costs, professional fees for legal, accounting, tax, compliance and information systems, travel, recruiting expense and, rent and related expenses.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

We maintain cash with several investment grade financial institutions. Highly liquid investments, which are readily convertible into cash, with original maturities ofthree monthsor less, are recorded as cash equivalents.

Management determines the appropriate classification of our investments in debt and marketable equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. Our debt and marketable equity securities have been classified and accounted for as available for sale. We may or may not hold securities with stated maturities until maturity. In response to changes in the availability of and the yield on alternative investments as well as liquidity requirements, we may sell these securities prior to their stated maturities. These securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Any realized gains or losses on the sale of marketable securities are determined on a specific identification method, and such gains and losses are reflected as a component of other income or expense.

Certain Risks and Concentrations

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. They are subject to fluctuations in both market value and yield based upon changes in market conditions, including interest rates, liquidity, general economic conditions, and conditions specific to the issuers. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenues earned from customers primarily located in the United States. A portion of our accounts receivable represents the timing difference between when a customer’s credit card is billed and the subsequent settlement of that transaction with our credit card processors. This timing difference is generallythree daysfor substantially all of our credit card receivables. We have never experienced any accounts receivable write-offs due to this timing difference. In addition, we collect subscription fees in advance, minimizing our accounts receivable and bad debt exposure. If a customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP is declined, we generally suspend international calling capabilities as well as their ability to incur domestic usage charges in excess of their plan minutes. Generally, if the customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP could not be successfully processed duringthreebilling cycles (i.e., the current and two subsequent monthly billing cycles), we terminate the account. In addition, we automatically charge any per minute fees to our customers’ credit card, debit card or ECP monthly in arrears. To further mitigate our bad debt exposure, a customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP will be charged in advance of their monthly billing if their international calling or overage charges exceed a certain dollar threshold.

Inventory

Inventory consists of the cost of customer equipment and is stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined using the average cost method. We provide an inventory allowance for customer equipment that has been returned by customers but may not be able to be reissued to new customers or returned to the manufacturer for credit.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment includes acquired assets and those accounted for under capital leases and consist principally of network equipment and computer hardware, software, furniture, and leasehold improvements. Company-owned equipment in use at customer premises is also included in property and equipment. In addition, the lease of our corporate headquarters has been accounted for as a capital lease and is included in property and equipment. Network equipment and computer hardware and furniture are stated at cost with depreciation provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range fromthreetofive years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over their estimated useful life of the related assets or the life of the lease, whichever is shorter. The cost of renewals and substantial improvements is capitalized while the cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to operating expenses as incurred. Company-owned customer premises equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis overthree years.

Our network equipment and computer hardware, which consists of routers, gateways, and servers that enable our telephony services, is subject to technological risks and rapid market changes due to new products and services and changing customer demand. These changes may result in future adjustments to the estimated useful lives or the carrying value of these assets, or both.

Software Costs

We capitalize certain costs, such as purchased software and internally developed software that we use for customer acquisition and customer care automation tools, in accordance with FASB ASC 350-40, “Internal-Use Software”. Computer software is stated at cost less accumulated amortization and the estimated useful life istwotofive years.

Goodwill

Goodwill acquired in the acquisition of a business is accounted for based upon the excess fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired in the business combination. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis on October 1st and, when specific circumstances dictate, between annual tests. When impaired, the carrying value of goodwill is written down to fair value. The goodwill impairment test involves evaluating qualitative information to determine if it is more than 50% likely that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If such a determination is made, then the traditional two-step goodwill impairment test described below must be applied. The first step, identifying a potential impairment, compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step would need to be conducted; otherwise, no further steps are necessary as no potential impairment exists. The second step, measuring the impairment loss, compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Any excess of the reporting unit goodwill carrying value over the respective implied fair value is recognized as an impairment loss. There was no impairment of goodwill for thethree months ended March 31, 2016.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets acquired in the settlement of litigation or by direct purchase are accounted for based upon the fair value of assets received.

Purchased-intangible assets are accounted for based upon the fair value of assets received. Purchased-intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line or accelerated basis over the periods of benefit, ranging fromtwototenyears. We perform a review of purchased-intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the useful life is shorter than we had originally estimated or that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. If such facts and circumstances exist, we assess the recoverability of purchased-intangible assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. Impairments, if any, are based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. If the useful life of the asset is shorter than originally estimated, we accelerate the rate of amortization and amortize the remaining carrying value over the new shorter useful life. There was no impairment of purchased-intangible assets identified for thethree months ended March 31, 2016.

Patents and Patent Licenses

Patent rights acquired in the settlement of litigation or by direct purchase are accounted for based upon the fair value of assets received.

Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and changes in circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. If our review indicates that the carrying value of an asset will not be recoverable, based on a comparison of the carrying value of the asset to the undiscounted future cash flows, the impairment will be measured by comparing the carrying value of the asset to its fair value. Fair value will be determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows or appraisals. Impairments of property and equipment are recorded in the statement of income as part of depreciation expense.

Debt Related Costs

Costs incurred in raising debt are deferred and amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the life of the debt. A portion of these costs are netted against the underlying notes payable in accordance with ASU 2015-15, "Interest-Imputation of Interest".

Noncontrolling Interest and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

We consolidate a majority-owned entity where we have the ability to exercise controlling influence. The ownership interest of the noncontrolling party is presented as noncontrolling interest in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Stockholders' Equity. If we are required to repurchase the noncontrolling interest at fair value, subject to adjustment, under a put option or other contractual redemption requirement, we will report the noncontrolling interest as redeemable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets between liabilities and equity. We adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interest to the redemption values on each balance sheet date with changes recognized as an adjustment to retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital when it becomes probable the noncontrolling interest will become redeemable.

Derivatives

We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading purposes. However, in accordance with FASB ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“FASB ASC 815”), we review our contractual obligations to determine whether there are terms that possess the characteristics of derivative financial instruments that must be accounted for separately from the financial instrument in which they are embedded. We recognize these features as liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet at fair value each period and recognize any change in the fair value in our statement of operations in the period of change. We estimate the fair value of these liabilities using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities at enacted income tax rates for the temporary differences between the financial reporting bases and the tax bases of our assets and liabilities. Any effects of changes in income tax rates or tax laws are included in the provision for income taxes in the period of enactment. Our net deferred tax assets primarily consist of net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”). We are required to record a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets if we conclude that it is more likely than not that taxable income generated in the future will be insufficient to utilize the future income tax benefit from our net deferred tax assets (namely, the NOLs) prior to expiration. We periodically review this conclusion, which requires significant management judgment. If we are able to conclude in a future period that a future income tax benefit from our net deferred tax assets has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized, we are required in that period to reduce the related valuation allowance with a corresponding decrease in income tax expense. This would result in a non-cash benefit to our net income in the period of the determination. In the fourth quarter of 2011, we released$325,601of valuation allowance. We periodically review this conclusion, which requires significant management judgment. In the future, if available evidence changes our conclusion that it is more likely than not that we will utilize our net deferred tax assets prior to their expiration, we will make an adjustment to the related valuation allowance and income tax expense at that time. In subsequent periods, we would expect to recognize income tax expense equal to our pre-tax income multiplied by our effective income tax rate, an expense that was not recognized prior to the reduction of the valuation allowance. Our effective rate may differ from the federal statutory rate due, in part, to our foreign operations and certain discrete period items. The 2016estimated annual effective tax rate is expected to approximate42%, but may fluctuate due to the timing of other discrete period transactions.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. on a federal basis and in U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions. Our federal tax return remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service from 2012 to present, our New Jersey tax returns remain open from 2011 to present, our Canada tax return remains open from 2011 to present, and other domestic and foreign tax returns remain open for all periods to which those filings relate. Our consolidated corporate income tax return for 2013 has been selected for examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Our Canadian corporate income tax returns for 2012 and 2013 have been selected for examination by the Canada Revenue Agency.We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.

We have not had any unrecognized tax benefits. We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as components of our income tax provision. We have not had any interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits.

Business Combinations

We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method of accounting requires that the purchase price, including the fair value of contingent consideration, of the acquisition be allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the fair values determined by management as of the acquisition date. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, the Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill to the extent the Company identifies adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations. We include the results of all acquisitions in our Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition.

Acquisition related transaction costs, such as banking, legal, accounting and other costs incurred in connection with an acquisition, are expensed as incurred in general and administrative expense.

Acquisition related integration costs include costs associated with exit or disposal activities, which do not meet the criteria of discontinued operations, including costs for employee, lease, and contract terminations, facility closing or other exit activities. Additionally, these costs include expenses directly related to integrating and reorganizing acquired businesses and include items such as employee retention costs, recruiting costs, certain moving costs, certain duplicative costs during integration and asset impairments. These costs are expensed as incurred in general and administrative expense.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted FASB ASC 820-10-25, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”. This standard establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. We did not elect fair value accounting for any assets and liabilities allowed by FASB ASC 825, “Financial Instruments”. FASB ASC 820-10 defines fair value as the amount that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC 820-10 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. FASB ASC 820-10 describes the following three levels of inputs that may be used:

• Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets and liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

• Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets but corroborated by market data.

• Level 3: Unobservable inputs when there is little or no market data available, thereby requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

Although management believes its valuation methods were appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could have resulted in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

The following table presents the assets that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Level 1 Assets
Money market fund (1)	$	394	$	57
Level 2 Assets
Available-for-sale securities (2)	$	9,600	$	9,908

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents on our consolidated balance sheet.

(2) Included in marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheet.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable, approximate fair value because of their short maturities. The carrying amounts of our capital leases approximate fair value of these obligations based upon management’s best estimates of interest rates that would be available for similar debt obligations at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. We believe the fair value of our debt at March 31, 2016 was approximately the same as its carrying amount as market conditions, including available interest rates, credit spread relative to our credit rating, and illiquidity, remain relatively unchanged from the issuance date of our debt on July 27, 2015 for a similar debt instrument. 

Foreign Currency

Generally, the functional currency of our non-United States subsidiaries is the local currency. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated to United States dollars using month-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange for revenues, costs, and expenses. Translation gains and losses are deferred and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ equity.

Share-Based Compensation

We account for share-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation”. Under the fair value recognition provisions of this pronouncement, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, reduced as appropriate based on estimated forfeitures, and is recognized as expense over the applicable vesting period of the stock award using the accelerated method. The excess tax benefit associated with stock compensation deductions have not been recorded in additional paid-in capital. When evaluating whether an excess tax benefit has been realized, share based compensation deductions are not considered realized until NOLs are no longer sufficient to offset taxable income. Such excess tax benefits will be recorded when realized.

Earnings per Share

Net income per share has been computed according to FASB ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”, which requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”). Basic EPS represents net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during a reporting period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock, including stock options and restricted stock units under our 2001 Stock Incentive Plan and 2006 Incentive Plan, were exercised or converted into common stock. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock units is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. In applying the treasury stock method for stock-based compensation arrangements, the assumed proceeds are computed as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise and the amounts of average unrecognized compensation cost attributed to future services.

The following table sets forth the computation for basic and diluted net income per share for the three months ended March 31, 2016:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Numerator
Income from continuing operations	$	7,931	$	9,849
Discontinued operations	—		(2,439		)
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	$	—	$	59
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(2,380	)
Net income attributable to Vonage	$	7,931	$	7,469
Denominator
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	214,039		211,844
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units	10,186		8,745
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	224,225		220,589
Basic net income per share
Basic net income per share-from continuing operations	$	0.04	$	0.05
Basic net loss per share-from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(0.01	)
Basic net income per share-net income attributable to Vonage	$	0.04	$	0.04
Diluted net income per share
Diluted net income per share-from continuing operations	$	0.04	$	0.04
Diluted net loss per share-from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(0.01	)
Diluted net income per share-net income attributable to Vonage	$	0.04	$	0.03

For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the following were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per common share because of their anti-dilutive effects:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016	2015
Restricted stock units	9,706	7,545
Stock options	13,300	18,163
	23,006	25,708

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive items. Other comprehensive items include foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting". This ASU is issued as part of its Simplification Initiative. The areas for simplification in this ASU involve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual period. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-09 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contract with Customers - Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)". The core principle of this ASU is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The intention of this ASU is to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and early adoption will be permitted, but not earlier than annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, for public entities. We will adopt this ASU when effective. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-08 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases". This ASU increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities". This ASU provide guidance concerning certain matters involving the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of financial assets and financial liabilities. The guidance does not alter the basic framework for classifying debt instruments held as financial assets. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is not permitted, with some exceptions. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes". This ASU simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes and requires deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. This ASU may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2015-17 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-11, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory". This ASU applies to inventory that is measured using first-in, first-out ("FIFO") or average cost. Under the updated guidance, an entity should measure inventory that is within scope at the lower of cost and net realizable value, which is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predicable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory that is measured using last-in, first-out ("LIFO") or the retail inventory. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and should be applied prospectively with early adoption on permitted at the beginning of an interim and annual reporting period. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2015-11 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers". This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14 deferring the effective date to annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and early adoption will be permitted, but not earlier than the original effective date of annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, for public entities. We will adopt this ASU when effective. Companies may use either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach to adopt this ASU and our management is currently evaluating which transition approach to use. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information [Abstract]

Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information

Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Nontrade receivables	$	1,846	$	2,113
Services	10,513		8,066
Telecommunications	2,122		3,138
Insurance	442		939
Marketing	2,714		779
Other prepaids	963		624
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	18,600	$	15,659

Property and equipment, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Building (under capital lease)	$	25,709		$	25,709
Network equipment and computer hardware	94,194			89,025
Leasehold improvements	49,578			48,872
Customer premise equipment	6,716			7,292
Furniture	3,346			2,508
Vehicles	203			214
	179,746			173,620
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(127,865		)	(124,137		)
Property and equipment, net	$	51,881		$	49,483

Customer premise equipment, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Customer premise equipment	$	6,716		$	7,292
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,111		)	(2,068		)
Customer premise equipment, net	$	4,605		$	5,224

Software, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Purchased	$	66,883		$	67,248
Licensed	909			909
Internally developed	36,088			36,088
	103,880			104,245
Less: accumulated amortization	(83,587		)	(83,535		)
Software, net	$	20,293		$	20,710

Debt related costs, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility	$	5,044		$	5,044
Less: accumulated amortization	(3,135		)	(2,991		)
Debt related costs, net	$	1,909		$	2,053

Restricted cash

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Letter of credit-lease deposits	$	1,575	$	2,498
Cash reserves	285		89
Restricted cash	$	1,860	$	2,587

Intangible assets, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Customer relationships	$	92,609		$	92,609
Developed technology	75,694			75,694
Patents and patent licenses	20,164			20,164
Trademarks	560			560
Trade names	760			760
Non-compete agreements	2,933			2,933
Intangible assets, gross	192,720			192,720
Customer relationships	(25,626		)	(21,777		)
Developed technology	(21,685		)	(18,880		)
Patents and patent licenses	(12,748		)	(12,066		)
Trademarks	(560		)	(543		)
Trade names	(315		)	(260		)
Non-compete agreements	(1,249		)	(995		)
Less: accumulated amortization	(62,183		)	(54,521		)
Customer relationships	66,983			70,832
Developed technology	54,009			56,814
Patents and patent licenses	7,416			8,098
Trademarks	—			17
Trade names	445			500
Non-compete agreements	1,684			1,938
Intangible assets, net	$	130,537		$	138,199

Other assets

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Long term non-trade receivable	6,623		6,623
Others	2,624		2,980
Other assets	$	9,247	$	9,603

Accrued expenses

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Compensation and related taxes and temporary labor	$	21,649	$	33,196
Marketing	19,501		24,891
Taxes and fees	8,381		11,808
Litigation and settlements	23		23
Telecommunications	7,057		9,111
Other accruals	10,507		11,523
Customer credits	1,631		1,779
Professional fees	2,868		2,080
Accrued interest	21		22
Inventory	620		1,514
Credit card fees	169		180
Accrued expenses	$	72,427	$	96,127

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1,678		)	(1,656		)
Unrealized loss on available-for sale securities	1			(21		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(1,677	)	$	(1,677	)

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Supplemental Income Statement Account Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Income Statement Related Disclosures [Abstract]

Supplemental Income Statement Account Information

Supplemental Income Statement Account Information

Amounts included in revenues

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
USF fees	$	19,520	$	18,515
Disconnect fees, net of credits and bad debt	$	214	$	202
Initial activation fees	$	368	$	220
Customer equipment rental	$	1,102	$	770
Customer equipment fees	$	2,081	$	1,173
Equipment recovery fees	$	18	$	15
Shipping and handling fees	$	608	$	603

Amount included in cost of services

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
USF costs	$	19,530	$	18,515

Amount included in cost of goods sold

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Shipping and handling cost	$	1,462	$	1,285

Amount included in sales and marketing

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Advertising costs	$	16,879	$	28,249

Amounts included in general and administrative expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Acquisition related transaction costs	$	93	$	438
Acquisition related integration costs	$	—	$	17

Depreciation and amortization expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Network equipment and computer hardware	$	3,833	$	2,890
Software	2,729		3,073
Capital leases	550		550
Other leasehold improvements	1,355		1,225
Customer premise equipment	629		460
Furniture	162		95
Vehicles	18		16
Patents	682		311
Trademarks	18		18
Customer relationships	3,849		2,229
Acquired technology	2,805		2,820
Trade names	54		25
Non-compete agreements	254		232
	16,938		13,944
Property and equipment impairments	41		1
Software impairments	—		—
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	16,979	$	13,945

Amount included in interest expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Debt related costs amortization	$	251	$	238

Amount included in other income (expense), net

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Net loss resulting from foreign exchange transactions	$	156	$	(567	)

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Long-Term Note and Revolving Credit Facility

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Note and Revolving Credit Facility

Long-Term Note and Revolving Credit Facility

A schedule of long-term note and revolving credit facility at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as follows:

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
2.50-3.00% Term note - due 2019, net of debt related costs	72,749		76,392
2.50-3.00% Revolving credit facility - due 2019	109,000		119,000
Total Long-term note and revolving credit facility	$	181,749	$	195,392

At March 31, 2016, future payments under term note obligations over each of the next five years and thereafter were as follows:

	Credit Facility
2016	$	11,250
2017	15,000
2018	15,000
2019	47,500
Minimum future payments of principal	88,750
Less: unamortized debt related costs	1,001
current portion	15,000
Long-term portion	$	72,749

2015 Financing

On July 27, 2015, we entered into a credit agreement (the “2015 Credit Facility”) consisting of a $100,000 term note and a $250,000 revolving credit facility. The co-borrowers under the 2015 Credit Facility are the Company and Vonage America Inc., the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary. Obligations under the 2015 Credit Facility are guaranteed, fully and unconditionally, by the Company’s other United States material subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of the assets of each borrower and each guarantor. The lenders under the 2015 Credit Facility are JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., Fifth Third Bank, MUFG Union Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, SunTrust Bank, Keybank National Association, Santander Bank, N.A., Capital One National Association, and First Niagara Bank, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is a party to the agreement as administrative agent, Citizens Bank, N.A. as syndication agent, and Fifth Third Bank, MUFG Union Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, and SunTrust Bank as documentation agents. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Citizens Bank, N.A. acted as joint lead bookrunners, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Citizens Bank, N.A., Fifth Third Bank, MUFG Union Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey Inc. acted as joint lead arrangers.

Use of Proceeds

We used $167,000 of the net available proceeds of the 2015 Credit Facility to retire all of the debt under our 2014 Credit Facility. Remaining proceeds from the term note and the undrawn revolving credit facility under the 2015 Credit Facility will be used for general corporate purposes. We also incurred fees of $2,007 in connection with the 2015 Credit Facility, of which $602 was allocated to the term note and $1,405 was allocated to the revolving credit facility. The unamortized fees of $1,628 in connection with the 2014 Credit Facility were allocated as follows: $733 to the term note and $895 to the revolving credit facility. In adopting ASU 2015-03, fees allocated to the term note were reported in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the face amount of the liability and in adopting ASU ASU 2015-15, fees allocated to the revolving credit facility were reported in the balance sheet as as asset. These fees are amortized to interest expenses over the life of the debt using the effective interest method for the term note and straight line method for the revolving credit facility. We used $82,000 from our 2015 revolving credit facility in connection with the acquisition of iCore on August 31, 2015.

Repayments

We made mandatory repayment of $3,750 under the term note for the three months endedMarch 31, 2016 and $7,500 under the term note for the year ended December 31, 2015. In addition, we repaid the $10,000 outstanding under the revolving credit facility for the three months endedMarch 31, 2016 and $30,000 outstanding under the revolving credit facility for the year ended December 31, 2015.

2015 Credit Facility Terms

The following description summarizes the material terms of the 2015 Credit Facility:

The loans under the 2015 Credit Facility mature in July 2019. Principal amounts under the 2015 Credit Facility are repayable in quarterly installments of $3,750 for the term note. The unused portion of our revolving credit facility incurs a 0.40% commitment fee. Such commitment fee will be reduced to 0.375% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00 and to 0.35% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00.

Outstanding amounts under the 2015 Credit Facility, at our option, will bear interest at:

• LIBOR (applicable to one-, two-, three-, six-, or twelve-month periods) plus an applicable margin equal to 2.50% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 2.75% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 3.00% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last day of each relevant interest period or, if the interest period is longer than three months, each day that is three months after the first day of the interest period, or

• the base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the prime rate of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., (b) the federal funds effective rate from time to time plus 0.50%, and (c) the adjusted LIBO rate applicable to one month interest periods plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.50% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 1.75% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 2.00% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last business day of each March, June, September, and December and the maturity date of the 2015 Credit Facility.

The 2015 Credit Facility provides greater flexibility to us in funding acquisitions and restricted payments, such as stock buybacks, than did the 2014 Credit Facility.

We may prepay the 2015 Credit Facility at our option at any time without premium or penalty. The 2015 Credit Facility is subject to mandatory prepayments in amounts equal to:

• 100% of the net cash proceeds from any non-ordinary course sale or other disposition of our property and assets for consideration in excess of a certain amount subject to customary reinvestment provisions and certain other exceptions and

• 100% of the net cash proceeds received in connection with other non-ordinary course transactions, including insurance proceeds not otherwise applied to the relevant insurance loss.

Subject to certain restrictions and exceptions, the 2015 Credit Facility permits us to obtain one or more incremental term notes and/or revolving credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount of up to $90,000 plus an amount equal to repayments of the term note upon providing documentation reasonably satisfactory to the administrative agent. The 2015 Credit Facility includes customary representations and warranties and affirmative covenants of the borrowers. In addition, the 2015 Credit Facility contains customary negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on the ability of us and our subsidiaries to consolidate or merge, create liens, incur additional indebtedness, dispose of assets, consummate acquisitions, make investments, and pay dividends and other distributions. We must also comply with the following financial covenants:

• a consolidated leverage ratio of no greater than 2.25 to 1.00, with a limited step-up to 2.75 to 1.00 for a period of four consecutive quarters, in connection with an acquisition made during the first two years of the 2015 Credit Facility;

• a consolidated fixed coverage charge ratio of no less than 1.75 to 1.00 subject to adjustment to exclude up to $80,000 million in specified restricted payments;

• minimum cash of $25,000 including the unused portion of the revolving credit facility; and

• maximum capital expenditures not to exceed $55,000 during any fiscal year, provided that the unused amount of any permitted capital expenditures in any fiscal year may be carried forward to the next following fiscal year.

In addition, annual excess cash flow increases permitted capital expenditures.

As of March 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all covenants, including financial covenants, for the 2015 Credit Facility.

The 2015 Credit Facility contains customary events of default that may permit acceleration of the debt. During the continuance of a payment default, interest will accrue on overdue amounts at a default interest rate of 2% above the interest rate which would otherwise be applicable, in the case of loans, and at a rate equal to the rate applicable to base rate loans plus 2%, in the case of all other amounts.

2014 Financing

On August 13, 2014, we entered into a credit agreement (the “2014 Credit Facility”) consisting of a $100,000 term note and a $125,000 revolving credit facility. The co-borrowers under the 2014 Credit Facility were us and Vonage America Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary. Obligations under the 2014 Credit Facility were guaranteed, fully and unconditionally, by our other material United States subsidiaries and were secured by substantially all of the assets of each borrower and each guarantor. The lenders under the 2014 Credit Facility were JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, SunTrust Bank, Fifth Third Bank, Keybank National Association, and MUFG Union Bank, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. was a party to the agreement as administrative agent, Citizens Bank, N.A. as syndication agent, and Silicon Valley Bank and SunTrust Bank as documentation agents. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Citizens Bank, N.A. acted as joint lead bookrunners, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Citizens Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey Inc. acted as joint lead arrangers. We used $20,000 and $67,000 from our 2014 revolving credit facility in connection with the acquisitions of Simple Signal on April 1, 2015 and Telesphere on December 15, 2014, respectively.

Use of Proceeds

We used $90,000 of the net available proceeds of the 2014 Credit Facility to retire all of the debt under our 2013 Credit Facility. Remaining proceeds from the term note and the undrawn revolving credit facility under the 2014 Credit Facility was available for general corporate purposes. We also incurred $1,910 of fees in connection with the 2014 Credit Facility, which was amortized, along with the unamortized fees of $668 in connection with the 2013 Credit Facility, to interest expense over the life of the debt using the effective interest method.

2014 Credit Facility Terms

The following description summarizes the material terms of the 2014 Credit Facility:

The loans under the 2014 Credit Facility were scheduled to mature in August 2018. Principal amounts under the 2014 Credit Facility were repayable in quarterly installments of $5,000 per quarter for the term note. The unused portion of our revolving credit facility incurred a 0.40% commitment fee.

Outstanding amounts under the 2014 Credit Facility, at our option, bore interest at:

• LIBOR (applicable to one-, two-, three-, six-, or twelve-month periods) plus an applicable margin equal to 2.875% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 3.125% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 3.375% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last day of each relevant interest period or, if the interest period is longer than three months, each day that is three months after the first day of the interest period, or

• the base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the federal funds effective rate from time to time plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and (c) the adjusted LIBO rate applicable to one month interest periods plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.875% if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than 0.75 to 1.00, 2.125% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 0.75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00, and 2.375% if our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, payable on the last business day of each March, June, September, and December and the maturity date of the 2014 Credit Facility.

The 2014 Credit Facility provided greater flexibility to us in funding acquisitions and restricted payments, such as stock buybacks, than the 2013 Credit Facility.

The 2014 Credit Facility was prepayable at our option at any time without premium or penalty. The 2014 Credit Facility was subject to mandatory prepayments in amounts equal to:

• 100% of the net cash proceeds from any non-ordinary course sale or other disposition of our property and assets for consideration in excess of a certain amount subject to customary reinvestment provisions and certain other exceptions, and

• 100% of the net cash proceeds received in connection with other non-ordinary course transactions, including insurance proceeds not otherwise applied to the relevant insurance loss.

Subject to certain restrictions and exceptions, the 2014 Credit Facility permitted us to obtain one or more incremental term notes and/or revolving credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount of up to $60,000 plus an amount equal to repayments of the term note upon providing documentation reasonably satisfactory to the administrative agent. The 2014 Credit Facility included customary representations and warranties and affirmative covenants of the borrowers. In addition, the 2014 Credit Facility contained customary negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on the ability of us and our subsidiaries to consolidate or merge, create liens, incur additional indebtedness, dispose of assets, consummate acquisitions, make investments, and pay dividends and other distributions. We were also required to comply with the following financial covenants:

• a consolidated leverage ratio of no greater than 2.25 to 1.00;

• a consolidated fixed coverage charge ratio of no less than 1.75 to 1.00 subject to adjustment to exclude up to $80,000 in specified restricted payments;

• minimum cash of $25,000 including the unused portion of the revolving credit facility; and

• maximum capital expenditures not to exceed $55,000 during any fiscal year, provided that the unused amount of any permitted capital expenditures in any fiscal year may be carried forward to the next following fiscal year.

In addition, annual excess cash flow up to $8,000 increased permitted capital expenditures.

The 2014 Credit Facility contained customary events of default that permitted acceleration of the debt. During the continuance of a payment default, interest would accrue at a default interest rate of 2% above the interest rate which would otherwise be applicable, in the case of loans, and at a rate equal to the rate applicable to base rate loans plus 2%, in the case of all other amounts.

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Common Stock

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Common Stock

Common Stock

Net Operating Loss Rights Agreement

On June 7, 2012, we entered into a Tax Benefits Preservation Plan ("Preservation Plan") designed to preserve stockholder value and tax assets. Our ability to use our tax attributes to offset tax on U.S. taxable income would be substantially limited if there were an "ownership change" as defined under Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. In general, an ownership change would occur if one or more "5-percent shareholders," as defined under Section 382, collectively increase their ownership in us by more than 50 percent over a rolling three-year period.

In connection with the adoption of the Preservation Plan, our board of directors declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right for each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock. The preferred share purchase rights were distributed to stockholders of record as of June 18, 2012, as well as to holders of the Company's common stock issued after that date, but will only be activated if certain triggering events under the Preservation Plan occur.

Under the Preservation Plan, preferred share purchase rights will work to impose significant dilution upon any person or group which acquires beneficial ownership of 4.9% or more of the outstanding common stock, without the approval of our board of directors, from and after June 7, 2012. Stockholders that own 4.9% or more of the outstanding common stock as of the opening of business on June 7, 2012, will not trigger the preferred share purchase rights so long as they do not (i) acquire additional shares of common stock or (ii) fall under 4.9% ownership of common stock and then re-acquire shares that in the aggregate equal 4.9% or more of the common stock.

The Preservation Plan was set to expire no later than the close of business June 7, 2013, unless extended by our board of directors. On June 6, 2013, at the Vonage 2013 annual meeting of stockholders, stockholders ratified the extension of the Preservation Plan through June 7, 2015. On April 2, 2015, after consultation with our advisors, our board of directors determined to extend the Preservation Plan through June 30, 2017, subject to ratification of the extension by stockholders at our 2015 annual meeting of stockholders. On June 3, 2015, at the Vonage 2015 annual meeting of stockholders, stockholders ratified the extension of the Preservation Plan through June 30, 2018.

Common Stock Repurchases

On July 25, 2012, our board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $50,000 of Vonage common stock (the "$50,000 repurchase program") through December 31, 2013. On February 7, 2013, our board of directors discontinued the remainder of the $50,000 repurchase program effective at the close of business on February 12, 2013 with $16,682 of availability remaining, and authorized a new program to repurchase up to $100,000 of Vonage common stock (the "2012 $100,000 repurchase program") by December 31, 2014. As of December 31, 2014, approximately $219 remained of our 2012 $100,000 repurchase program. The repurchase program expired on December 31, 2014.

On December 9, 2014, Vonage's Board of Directors authorized a new program for the Company to repurchase up to $100,000 of its outstanding common stock (the "2014 $100,000 repurchase program"). Repurchases under the 2014 $100,000 repurchase program program are expected to be made over a four-year period ending on December 31, 2018.

Under the 2014 $100,000 repurchase program, the timing and amount of repurchases will be determined by management based on its evaluation of market conditions, the trading price of the stock and will vary based on available capital resources and other financial and operational performance, market conditions, securities law limitations, and other factors. Repurchases may be made in the open market or through private transactions from time to time. The repurchases will be made using available cash balances. In any period, under each repurchase program, cash used in financing activities related to common stock repurchases may differ from the comparable change in stockholders' equity, reflecting timing differences between the recognition of share repurchase transactions and their settlement for cash.

We repurchased the following shares of common stock with cash resources under the 2014 $100,000 repurchase program during the three and three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016 (1)		2015
Shares of common stock repurchased	1,653		1,779
Value of common stock repurchased	$	8,008	$	7,769

(1) including 98 shares, or $441, of common stock repurchases settled in April 2016; excluding commission of $2.

As of March 31, 2016, $76,797 remained of our 2014 $100,000 repurchase program. The repurchase program expires on December 31, 2018 but may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

In any period under the 2014 $100,000 repurchase program, cash used in financing activities related to common stock repurchases may differ from the comparable change in stockholders' equity, reflecting timing differences between the recognition of share repurchase transactions and their settlement for cash.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

IP Matters

Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. On February 22, 2011, Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. (“Bear Creek”) filed a lawsuit against Vonage Holdings Corp., Vonage America Inc., Vonage Marketing LLC, and Aptela Inc. (the latter two entities being former subsidiaries of Vonage Holdings Corp. now merged into Vonage America Inc. and Vonage Business Inc., respectively) in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia alleging that Vonage’s and Aptela’s products and services are covered by United States Patent No. 7,889,722, entitled “System for Interconnecting Standard Telephony Communications Equipment to Internet Protocol Networks” (the “'722 Patent”). The suit also named numerous other defendants. On August 17, 2011, the Court dismissed Bear Creek’s case against the Vonage entities and Aptela, and all but one of the other defendants. Later, on August 17, 2011, Bear Creek re-filed its complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware against the same Vonage entities; and re-filed its complaint against Aptela in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. On May 2, 2012, the litigations against Vonage and Aptela were consolidated for pretrial proceedings with twelve other actions in the District of Delaware. Vonage filed an answer to Bear Creek’s complaint, including counterclaims of non-infringement and invalidity of the ‘722 patent. Aptela, which filed a motion to dismiss Bear Creek’s complaint on September 27, 2011, has not yet answered, as its motion remains pending. On November 5, 2012, Bear Creek filed an answer to Vonage’s counterclaims. On July 17, 2013, the Court stayed the case pending resolution of the reexamination of the ‘722 patent requested by Cisco Systems, Inc. (“Cisco”), described below. On May 5, 2015, the Court closed the case, with leave to reopen if further attention by the Court is required.

A request for reexamination of the validity of the ‘722 Patent was filed on September 12, 2012 by Cisco. Cisco’s request was granted on November 28, 2012. On March 24, 2014, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued an Action Closing Prosecution, confirming its rejection of all claims of the ‘722 patent. Bear Creek’s November 14, 2014 appeal of that decision to the Patent Trial and Appeal Board was denied on December 29, 2015. On February 26, 2016, Bear Creek filed a Notice of Appeal of the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.

RPost Holdings, Inc. On August 24, 2012, RPost Holdings, Inc., RPost Communications Limited, and RMail Limited (collectively, “RPost”) filed a lawsuit against StrongMail Systems, Inc. (“StrongMail”) in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas alleging that StrongMail’s products and services, including its electronic mail marketing services, are covered by United States Patent Nos. 8,224,913, 8,209,389, 8,161,104, 7,966,372, and 6,182,219. On February 11, 2013, RPost filed an amended complaint, adding 27 new defendants, including Vonage America Inc. RPost’s amended complaint alleges willful infringement of the RPost patents by Vonage and each of the other new defendants because they are customers of StrongMail. StrongMail has agreed to fully defend and indemnify Vonage in this lawsuit. Vonage answered the complaint on May 7, 2013. On September 17, 2015, the Court ordered the consolidation for pre-trial purposes of this case with other cases by RPost. The lead case has been administratively closed and stayed since January 30, 2014 due to multiple pending actions by third parties regarding ownership of the patents at issue. On March 1, 2016, the parties in the consolidated actions filed a joint notice regarding status of the co-pending actions. Plaintiffs requested that the stay be lifted, while defendants maintain that the stay should remain in place.

AIP Acquisition LLC. On January 3, 2014, AIP Acquisition LLC (“AIP”), filed a lawsuit against Vonage Holdings Corp., Vonage America, Inc., and Vonage Marketing LLC in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that Vonage’s products and services are covered by United States Patent No. 7,269,247. Vonage filed an answer and counterclaims on February 25, 2014. AIP filed an amended complaint on March 18, 2014, which Vonage answered on April 4, 2014. On April 8, 2014, the Court stayed the case pending final resolution of non-party Level 3’s inter partes review request of United States Patent No. 7,724,879, which is a continuation of the ‘247 patent. On October 8, 2014, the Patent Office issued a Final Written Decision, finding all challenged claims of the ‘879 patent to be invalid. On November 10, 2015, the Federal Circuit rejected AIP’s appeal and affirmed the Patent Office’s rejection of the ‘879 patent.

Cisco petitioned for inter partes review of the ‘247 patent on November 25, 2014, which was granted on May 20, 2015. Oral argument was heard on January 27, 2016. The inter partes review is pending decision by the Patent Office.

Commercial Litigation

Merkin & Smith, et al.  On September 27, 2013, Arthur Merkin and James Smith filed a putative class action lawsuit against Vonage America, Inc. in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles, alleging that Vonage violated California’s Unfair Competition Law by charging its customers fictitious 911 taxes and fees. On October 30, 2013, Vonage filed a notice removing the case to the United States District Court for the Central District of California. On November 26, 2013, Vonage filed its Answer to the Complaint. On December 4, 2013, Vonage filed a Motion to Compel Arbitration, which the Court denied on February 4, 2014. On March 5, 2014, Vonage appealed that decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. On March 26, 2014, the district court proceedings were stayed pending the appeal. On February 29, 2016, the Ninth Circuit reversed the district court’s ruling and remanded with instructions to grant the motion to compel arbitration. On March 22, 2016 Merkin and Smith filed a petition for rehearing. On May 4, 2016, the Ninth Circuit withdrew its February 29, 2016 decision and issued a new order reversing the district court’s order and remanded with instructions to compel arbitration. The court also declared as moot the petition for rehearing.

From time to time, in addition to those identified above, we are subject to legal proceedings, claims, investigations, and proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including claims of alleged infringement of third-party patents and other intellectual property rights, commercial, employment, and other matters. From time to time we receive letters or other communications from third parties inviting us to obtain patent licenses that might be relevant to our business or alleging that our services infringe upon third party patents or other intellectual property. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, we make a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions, if any, are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. Litigation is inherently unpredictable. We believe that we have valid defenses with respect to the legal matters pending against us and are vigorously defending these matters. Given the uncertainty surrounding litigation and our inability to assess the likelihood of a favorable or unfavorable outcome in the above noted matters and our inability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss or range of loss, it is possible that the resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

Regulation

Telephony services are subject to a broad spectrum of state and federal regulations. Because of the uncertainty over whether Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) should be treated as a telecommunications or information service, we have been involved in a substantial amount of state and federal regulatory activity. Implementation and interpretation of the existing laws and regulations is ongoing and is subject to litigation by various federal and state agencies and courts. Due to the uncertainty over the regulatory classification of VoIP service, there can be no assurance that we will not be subject to new regulations or existing regulations under new interpretations, and that such change would not introduce material additional costs to our business.

Federal - Net Neutrality

Clear and enforceable net neutrality rules make it more difficult for broadband Internet service providers to block or discriminate against Vonage service. In addition, explicitly applying net neutrality rules to wireless broadband Internet service providers could create greater opportunities for VoIP applications that run on wireless broadband Internet service. In December 2010, the FCC adopted net neutrality rules that applied strong net neutrality rules to wired broadband Internet service providers and limited rules to wireless broadband Internet service providers. On January 14, 2014, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals vacated a significant portion of the 2010 rules. On May 15, 2014, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) proposing new net neutrality rules. After public response to the NPRM, the FCC adopted new neutrality rules on February 26, 2015. These rules prohibit broadband Internet service providers from: (1) blocking or throttling lawful content applications, or services; (2) imposing paid prioritization arrangements; and (3) unreasonably interfering or unreasonably disadvantaging consumers or edge providers. In addition, broadband Internet service providers are required to make certain disclosures regarding their network management practices, network performance, and commercial terms. These net neutrality rules apply the same requirements to wired and wireless broadband Internet service providers. Several parties have filed appeals which are pending at the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. Oral arguments at the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals were held on December 4, 2015.

Federal - Lifeline Reform

On March 31, 2016, the FCC adopted an order modernizing the Lifeline program. The Lifeline program previously subsidized voice service for low-income customers and is one component of the federal universal service fund. The order refocuses the program to subsidize broadband. Increased adoption of broadband services expands the market for Vonage services. The order will also likely increase the overall size of the federal universal fund and lead to increased USF contribution levels for Vonage services subject to assessment for federal USF.

Federal - Rural Call Completion Issues

On February 7, 2013, the FCC released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) on rural call completion issues. The NPRM proposed new detailed reporting requirements to gauge rural call completion performance. Rural carriers have argued that VoIP provider call completion performance to rural areas is generally poor. On October 28, 2013, the FCC adopted an order on rural call completion imposing new reporting obligations and restricting certain call signaling practices. The call signaling rules went into effect on January 31, 2014.  We filed for extensions of the rules, which the FCC granted, and as of April 17, 2014, we were compliant with the FCC call signaling rules.  The effective date for the reporting requirements was April 1, 2015. We could be subject to an FCC enforcement action in the future in the event the FCC took the position that our rural call completion performance is inadequate or we were not compliant with the FCC’s order.

Federal - Numbering Rights

On April 18, 2013, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that proposed to modify FCC rules to allow VoIP providers to directly access telephone numbers. In addition, the FCC granted a waiver from its existing rules to allow Vonage to conduct a trial of direct access to telephone numbers. The trial would allow the FCC to obtain real-world data on direct access to telephone numbers by VoIP providers to inform consideration of the NPRM. Direct access to telephone numbers would facilitate IP to IP interconnection, which may allow VoIP providers to provide higher quality, lower cost services, promote the deployment of innovative new voice services, and experience reductions in the cost of telephony services. Vonage successfully completed the trial in certain markets and filed the required reports on the trial with the FCC. On January 31, 2014, the FCC Wireline Competition Bureau issued a positive report on the trial, concluding that Vonage's successful trial confirmed the technical feasibility of interconnected VoIP providers obtaining telephone numbers directly from the numbering administrators. On June 18, 2015, the FCC adopted an order that modifies its rules to allow interconnected VoIP providers to directly access telephone numbers. Part of the order required approval from the Office of Management and Budget ("OMB") prior to the rule change becoming effective. On February 4, 2016, the FCC announced that OMB had approved the order and would begin accepting applications for authorization beginning on February 18, 2015. Vonage applied for authorization, and on March 31, 2016 received authorization. On December 23, 2015, the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners filed an appeal of the June 18, 2015 FCC order at the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. This appeal is pending.

Federal - Privacy Rules

On April 1, 2016, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that proposed the adoption of privacy rules for providers of broadband Internet access service and updating its rules for voice services to make them consistent with the proposed privacy rules for broadband Internet access services. In addition to regulating customer proprietary network information (CPNI), a category of information that the FCC has traditionally regulated for voice services, the FCC proposed to regulate use of customer personal information (PI), a broader set of information than CPNI, by broadband and voice service providers. Further, the NPRM would regulate voice and broadband provider privacy policies and data security practices, including imposing vicarious liability for vendors who handle PI and CPNI on behalf of a broadband or voice provider. Finally, the NPRM would impose another data breach reporting notification obligation on voice and broadband providers on top of existing state data breach notification requirements.

State Telecommunications Regulation

In general, the focus of interconnected VoIP telecommunications regulation is at the federal level. On November 12, 2004, the FCC issued a declaratory ruling providing that our service is subject to federal regulation and preempted the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission (“MPUC”) from imposing certain of its regulations on us. The FCC's decision was based on its conclusion that our service is interstate in nature and cannot be separated into interstate and intrastate components. On March 21, 2007, the United States Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit affirmed the FCC's declaratory ruling preempting state regulation of our service.

While this ruling does not exempt us from all state oversight of our service, it effectively prevents state telecommunications regulators from imposing certain burdensome and inconsistent market entry requirements and certain other state utility rules and regulations on our service. State regulators continue to probe the limits of federal preemption in their attempts to apply state telecommunications regulation to interconnected VoIP service. On July 16, 2009, the Nebraska Public Service Commission and the Kansas Corporation Commission filed a petition with the FCC seeking a declaratory ruling or, alternatively, adoption of a rule declaring that state authorities may apply universal service funding requirements to nomadic VoIP providers. We participated in the FCC proceedings on the petition. On November 5, 2010, the FCC issued a declaratory ruling that allowed states to assess state USF on nomadic VoIP providers on a going forward basis provided that the states comply with certain conditions to ensure that imposing state USF does not conflict with federal law or policy. More recently on July 28, 2015, the MPUC found that it has authority to regulate Charter’s fixed, interconnected VoIP service. Charter challenged the MPUC’s order at the U.S. District Court for Minnesota. This challenge is currently pending. We expect that state public utility commissions and state legislators will continue their attempts to apply state telecommunications regulations to nomadic VoIP service.

Stand-by Letters of Credit

We had stand-by letters of credit totaling $1,575 and $2,498, as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

End-User Commitments

We are obligated to provide telephone services to our registered end-users. The costs related to the potential utilization of minutes sold are expensed as incurred. Our obligation to provide this service is dependent on the proper functioning of systems controlled by third-party service providers. We do not have a contractual service relationship with some of these providers.

Vendor Commitments

We have signed a lease with a vendor. We have committed to pay this vendor approximately $100 in 2016 and $300 in 2017 through 2019, respectively.

State and Municipal Taxes

In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, we make a provision for a liability for taxes when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability or range of liability can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. For a period of time, we did not collect or remit state or municipal taxes (such as sales, excise, utility, use, and ad valorem taxes), fees or surcharges (“Taxes”) on the charges to our customers for our services, except that we historically complied with the New Jersey sales tax. We have received inquiries or demands from a number of state and municipal taxing and 911 agencies seeking payment of Taxes that are applied to or collected from customers of providers of traditional public switched telephone network services. Although we have consistently maintained that these Taxes do not apply to our service for a variety of reasons depending on the statute or rule that establishes such obligations, we are now collecting and remitting sales taxes in certain of those states including a number of states that have changed their statutes to expressly include VoIP. In addition, many states address how VoIP providers should contribute to support public safety agencies, and in those states we remit fees to the appropriate state agencies. We could also be contacted by state or municipal taxing and 911 agencies regarding Taxes that do explicitly apply to VoIP and these agencies could seek retroactive payment of Taxes. As such, we have a reserve of $3,015 as of March 31, 2016 as our best estimate of the potential tax exposure for any retroactive assessment. We believe the maximum estimated exposure for retroactive assessments is approximately $4,000 as of March 31, 2016.

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Noncontrolling Interest and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Noncontrolling Interest and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

Noncontrolling Interest and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

In the third quarter of 2013, we formed a consolidated foreign subsidiary in Brazil in connection with our previously announced joint venture in Brazil, which created a redeemable noncontrolling interest. The redeemable noncontrolling interest consisted of the 30.0% interest in this subsidiary initially held by our joint venture partner.

In 2014, our joint venture partner did not make required capital calls and correspondingly its interest was diluted to 4% and was no longer contingently redeemable. As such, we reclassified the redeemable noncontrolling interest previously included in the mezzanine section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets to noncontrolling interest in the Stockholders' Equity section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

In December 2014 we announced plans to exit the Brazilian market for consumer telephony services and wind down our joint venture operations in the country. We completed the process at the end of the first quarter of 2015.

We expect to avoid material operating losses in Brazil in 2016 due to the significant planned incremental investment that would have been required to scale the business. In connection with the wind down, we incurred approximately $500 in cash charges in 2015 related to contract terminations and severance-related expenses.

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Discontinued Operations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued Operations

On March 31, 2015, the Company completed its previously announced exit from the Brazilian market for consumer telephony services and the associated wind down of its joint venture operations in the country. In 2015, the Company incurred a loss on disposal of $824. The loss on disposal is comprised of the write-off of noncontrolling interest of $907, foreign currency loss on intercompany loan forgiveness of $783, and residual cumulative translation of $192, partially offset by a tax benefit of $1,058.

The results of operations of this discontinued operation are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Revenues	$	—	$	33
Operating expenses	—		1,648
Loss from discontinued operations	—		(1,615		)
Loss on disposal, net of taxes	—		(824		)
Net loss from discontinued operations	—		(2,439		)
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	$	—	$	59
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(2,380	)

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Acquisition of Business

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisition of Business

Acquisition of Business

Acquisition of iCore

Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated August 19, 2015 by and among the Company, Cirrus Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and newly formed indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Vonage (“Merger Sub”), iCore, and Stephen G. Canton, as representative of the security holders of iCore, on August 31, 2015, Merger Sub, on the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, merged with and into iCore, and iCore became a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Vonage.

iCore provides cloud-based unified communications and collaboration services, delivering voice, video, and mobile communications solutions to business customers. iCore is a natural complement to our rapid growing UCaaS business and strengthens our national footprint.

We acquired iCore for $92,689 in cash consideration, subject to adjustments pursuant to the merger agreement for closing cash and working capital of iCore, reductions for indebtedness and transaction expenses of iCore that remained unpaid as of closing, and escrow fund deposits. We financed the transaction with $10,689 of cash and $82,000 from our 2015 revolving credit facility. The aggregate consideration will be allocated among iCore equity holders.

Pursuant to the merger agreement, $9,200 of the cash consideration was placed in escrow for unknown liabilities that may have existed as of the acquisition date.

During 2015, we incurred $1,353 in acquisition related transaction costs, which were recorded in general and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

The results of operations of the iCore business and the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of the acquisition.

The acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting under which assets and liabilities of iCore were recorded at their respective fair values including an amount for goodwill representing the difference between the acquisition consideration and the fair value of the identifiable net assets. We do not expect any portion of this goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill attributable to the acquisition has been recorded as a non-current asset and is not amortized, but is subject to an annual review for impairment.

The acquisition price was allocated to the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the closing date. The fair values assigned to identifiable intangible assets assumed will be based on management’s estimates and assumptions. The estimated fair values of the identified current assets, property and equipment, software and other assets acquired and current liabilities assumed are considered preliminary and are based on the most recent information available. We believe that the information provides a reasonable basis for assigning fair value, but we are waiting for additional information, primarily related to income, sales, excise, and ad valorem taxes which are subject to change. Thus, the provisional measurements of fair value set forth below are subject to change. We expect to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition date.

The table below summarizes the iCore assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of August 31, 2015:

	Estimated Fair Value
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,014
Accounts receivable	1,492
Inventory	191
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,017
Total current assets	3,714
Property and equipment	4,437
Software	281
Intangible assets	38,064
Restricted cash	183
Other assets	195
Total assets acquired	46,874
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	3,344
Accrued expenses	3,963
Deferred revenue, current portion	576
Current maturities of capital lease obligations	557
Total current liabilities	8,440
Capital lease obligations, net of current maturities	552
Deferred tax liabilities, net, non-current	8,487
Total liabilities assumed	17,479
Net identifiable assets acquired	29,395
Goodwill	63,294
Total purchase price	$	92,689

The intangible assets as of the closing date of the acquisition included:

	Amount
Customer relationships	$	37,720
Non-compete agreements	104
Trade names	240
	$	38,064

Indications of fair value of the intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisition were determined using either the income, market or replacement cost methodologies. The intangible assets are being amortized over periods which reflect the pattern in which economic benefits of the assets are expected to be realized. The customer relationships are being amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life of ten years; developed technology is being amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life of eight years; and the non-compete agreements and trade names are being amortized on a straight-line basis over two years.

In addition, we recorded a deferred tax liability of $12,944 related to the $38,064 of identified intangible assets that will be amortized for financial reporting purposes but not for tax purposes and a deferred tax asset of $4,457 related to NOLs.

The excess of purchase price over the fair value amounts assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed represents the amount of goodwill resulting from the acquisition. We do not expect any portion of this goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill attributable to the acquisition has been recorded as a non-current asset and is not amortized, but is subject to an annual review for impairment. We believe the factors that contributed to goodwill include synergies that are specific to our consolidated business, the acquisition of a talented workforce that provides us with expertise in the small and medium business market, as well as other intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition.

Acquisition of Simple Signal

Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 15, 2015 by and among Vonage Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation, Stratus Acquisition Corp., a California corporation and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”), Simple Signal Inc., a California corporation (“Simple Signal”) and Simplerep, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company, as representative of the security holders of Simple Signal, on April 1, 2015, Merger Sub merged with and into Simple Signal, and Simple Signal became a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Vonage.

Simple Signal provides cloud-based unified communications and collaboration services, delivering voice, video, and mobile communications solutions to business customers. Simple Signal is a natural complement to our expanding UCaaS business.

We acquired Simple Signal for $25,578, including 1,111 shares of Vonage common stock (which shares had an aggregate value of approximately $5,578 based upon the closing stock price on April 1, 2015) and cash consideration of $20,000, subject to adjustments pursuant to the merger agreement for closing cash and working capital of Simple Signal, reductions for indebtedness and transaction expenses of Simple Signal that remained unpaid as of closing, and escrow fund deposits. We financed the transaction with $20,000 from our 2014 revolving credit facility. The aggregate consideration will be allocated among Simple Signal equityholders.

Pursuant to the merger agreement, $2,356 of the cash consideration and $1,144 of the stock consideration was placed in escrow for unknown liabilities that may have existed as of the acquisition date.

During 2015, we incurred $470 in acquisition related transaction costs, which were recorded in general and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

The results of operations of the Simple Signal business and the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of the acquisition.

The acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting under which assets and liabilities of Simple Signal were recorded at their respective fair values including an amount for goodwill representing the difference between the acquisition consideration and the fair value of the identifiable net assets. We do not expect any portion of this goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill attributable to the acquisition has been recorded as a non-current asset and is not amortized, but is subject to an annual review for impairment.

The acquisition price was allocated to the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the closing date. The fair values assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s estimates and assumptions. The estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are considered preliminary and are based on the most recent information available. We believe that the information provides a reasonable basis for assigning the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, but we are waiting for additional information, primarily related to income, sales, excise, and ad valorem taxes which are subject to change. Thus, the provisional measurements of fair value set forth below are subject to change. We expect to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition date.

The table below summarizes the Simple Signal assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of April 1, 2015:

	Estimated Fair Value
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53
Accounts receivable	832
Inventory	67
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	159
Total current assets	1,111
Property and equipment	979
Software	401
Intangible assets	6,407
Deferred tax assets, non-current	741
Total assets acquired	9,639
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	785
Accrued expenses	593
Deferred revenue, current portion	370
Total current liabilities	1,748
Total liabilities assumed	1,748
Net identifiable assets acquired	7,891
Goodwill	17,687
Total purchase price	$	25,578

The intangible assets as of the closing date of the acquisition included:

	Amount
Customer relationships	$	5,090
Developed technologies	994
Non-compete agreements	303
Trade names	20
	$	6,407

Indications of fair value of the intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisition were determined using either the income, market or replacement cost methodologies. The intangible assets are being amortized over periods which reflect the pattern in which economic benefits of the assets are expected to be realized. The customer relationships are being amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life of ten years; developed technology is being amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life of eight years; and the non-compete agreements and trade names are being amortized on a straight-line basis over two years.

In addition, we recorded a net deferred tax liability of $2,441 related to the $6,407 of identified intangible assets that will be amortized for financial reporting purposes but not for tax purposes and a deferred tax asset of $3,182 related to NOLs.

Goodwill

The following table provides a summary of the changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill:

Balance at December 31, 2015	$	222,106
Increase in goodwill related to acquisition of iCore	22
Balance at March 31, 2016	$	222,128

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Acquisition of Nexmo

On May 5, 2016 (the “Signing Date”), we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Nexmo, Inc. (“Nexmo”), a global leader in the Communications-Platform-as-a-Service (“CPaaS”) segment of the cloud communications market. The acquisition is subject to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among the Company, Neptune Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and newly formed indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Vonage (“Merger Sub”), Nexmo, a Delaware corporation, and Shareholder Representative Services LLC, a Colorado limited liability company, as representative of the security holders of Nexmo, pursuant to which Merger Sub, on the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, will merge with and into Nexmo, and Nexmo will become a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Vonage.

We will acquire Nexmo for $230,000 in cash and stock, subject to adjustment for the amount of Nexmo’s working capital at closing, and subject to reduction for Nexmo’s outstanding indebtedness and unpaid transaction expenses as of closing (the "Closing Merger Consideration" ). The parties have agreed to a normalized working capital target and to a post-closing purchase price adjustment mechanism. Approximately 75% of the purchase price will be paid in cash and the remaining 25% will be paid through the issuance of shares of Vonage common stock, provided that the percentage of cash consideration at closing may be increased to 100% (and the percentage of stock consideration decreased to 0%) at the election of Vonage.

Of the Closing Merger Consideration, $195,000 will be paid at closing, consisting of a minimum of $159,000 of cash and a maximum of $36,000 in stock. The remaining $35,000 of the Closing Merger Consideration will be paid in the form of restricted cash and restricted stock to Nexmo management and employees, both subject to vesting requirements over time. Vonage believes this structure will provide significant long-term incentives and retention value for Nexmo management.

In addition, Nexmo shareholders may earn additional consideration of up to $20,000, subject to the achievement of certain performance targets during the 12 month period following the closing of the transaction (the “ Variable Payout Amount ”).  The Variable Payout Amount payable to the holders of Nexmo stock is determined based on (i) Nexmo’s revenues received from its top customers following the closing, and (ii) the achievement of certain revenue targets during the 12 month period following the Closing. The Variable Payout Amount may be in the form of (at Vonage’s sole discretion) cash, a number of shares of Vonage common stock or a combination thereof.

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Vonage and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We also consolidate a majority-owned entity in Brazil where we had the ability to exercise controlling influence. The ownership interest of the noncontrolling party is presented as noncontrolling interest. On March 31, 2015, the Company completed its previously announced exit from the Brazilian market for consumer telephony services and the associated wind down of its joint venture operations in the country. The results of Brazilian operations are presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The results of companies acquired or disposed of are included in the consolidated financial statements from the effective date of the acquisition or up to the date of disposal.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including the following:

• the useful lives of property and equipment, software costs, and intangible assets;

• assumptions used for the purpose of determining share-based compensation using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and Monte Carlo simulation model (“Models”), and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable; the key inputs for these Models include our stock price at valuation date, exercise price, the dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, life in years, and historical volatility of our common stock; and

• assumptions used in determining the need for, and amount of, a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets.

We base our estimates on historical experience, available market information, appropriate valuation methodologies, and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Operating revenues consist of services revenue and customer equipment (which enables our services) and shipping revenue. The point in time at which revenues are recognized is determined in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition, and Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, Revenue Recognition.

At the time a customer signs up for our services, there are the following deliverables:

• Providing equipment, if any, to the customer that enables our services; and

• Providing services.

The equipment is generally provided free of charge to our customers and in most instances there are no fees collected at sign-up. We record the fees collected for shipping the equipment to the customer, if any, as shipping and handling revenue at the time of shipment.

Services Revenue

Substantially all of our revenues are services revenues, which are derived primarily from monthly subscription fees that customers are charged under our service plans. We also derive services revenues from per minute fees for international calls if not covered under a plan, including calls made via applications for mobile devices and other stand-alone products, and for any calling minutes in excess of a customer’s monthly plan limits. Monthly subscription fees are automatically charged to customers’ credit cards, debit cards or electronic check payments ("ECP"), in advance and are recognized over the following month when services are provided. Revenues generated from international calls and from customers exceeding allocated call minutes under limited minute plans are recognized as services are provided, that is, as minutes are used, and are billed to a customer's credit cards, debit cards or ECP in arrears. As a result of multiple billing cycles each month, we estimate the amount of revenues earned from international calls and from customers exceeding allocated call minutes under limited minute plans but not billed from the end of each billing cycle to the end of each reporting period and record these amounts as accounts receivable. These estimates are based primarily upon historical minutes and have been consistent with our actual results.

We also provide rebates to customers who purchase their customer equipment from retailers and satisfy minimum service period requirements. These rebates in excess of activation fees are recorded as a reduction of revenues over the service period based upon the estimated number of customers that will ultimately earn and claim the rebates.

In the United States, we charge regulatory, compliance, E-911, and intellectual property-related fees on a monthly basis to defray costs, and to cover taxes that we are charged by the suppliers of telecommunications services. In addition, we charge customers Federal Universal Service Fund (“USF”) fees. We recognize revenue on a gross basis for USF and related fees. We record these fees as revenue when billed. All other taxes are recorded on a net basis.

Customer Equipment and Shipping Revenue

Customer equipment and shipping revenues consist of revenues from sales of customer equipment to wholesalers or directly to customers for replacement devices, or for upgrading their device at the time of customer sign-up for which we charge an additional fee. In addition, customer equipment and shipping revenues include revenues from the sale of VoIP telephones in order to access our small and medium business services. Customer equipment and shipping revenues also include the fees that customers are charged for shipping their customer equipment to them. Customer equipment and shipping revenues include sales to our retailers, who subsequently resell this customer equipment to customers. Revenues are reduced for payments to retailers and rebates to customers, who purchased their customer equipment through these retailers, to the extent of customer equipment and shipping revenues.

Cost of Service

Cost of Service

Cost of service consists of costs that we pay to third parties in order to provide services. These costs include access and interconnection charges that we pay to other companies to terminate domestic and international phone calls on the public switched telephone network. In addition, these costs include the cost to lease phone numbers, to co-locate in other companies’ facilities, to provide enhanced emergency dialing capabilities to transmit 911 calls, and to provide local number portability. These costs also include taxes that we pay on telecommunications services from our suppliers or are imposed by government agencies such as federal universal service fund (“USF”) contributions and royalties for use of third parties’ intellectual property. In addition, these costs include certain personnel and related costs for network operations and technical support that are attributable to revenue generating activities.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of costs that we incur when a customer signs up for our service. These costs include the cost of customer equipment for customers who subscribe through the direct sales channel in excess of activation fees. In addition, these costs include the amortization of deferred customer equipment, the cost of shipping and handling for customer equipment, the installation manual that accompanies the customer equipment, and the cost of certain promotions.

Sales and Marketing Expense

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs for employees and contractors directly associated with our sales and marketing activities, internet advertising fees, radio and billboard advertising, public relations, commissions paid to employees, resellers and other third parties, trade shows, marketing and promotional activities, customer support, credit card fees, collections, and systems and information technology support.

Engineering and Development Expenses

Engineering and Development Expenses

Engineering and development expenses primarily include personnel and related costs for developers responsible for new products, and software engineers maintaining and enhancing existing products. These costs have been reclassified from selling, general and administrative expenses. Research and development costs related to new product development included in engineering and development were$4,908and$4,055forthree months endedMarch 31, 2016and2015, respectively.

Costs for research, including predevelopment efforts prior to establishing technological feasibility of software expected to be marketed, are expensed as incurred.

Development costs are capitalized when technological feasibility has been established and anticipated future revenues support the recoverability of the capitalized amounts. Capitalization stops when the product is available for general release to customers. Due to the short time period between achieving technological feasibility and product release and the insignificant amount of costs incurred during such periods, we have not capitalized any software development, and have expensed these costs as incurred.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily relate to our executive, finance, human resources, legal, and information technology organizations. General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, stock compensation, board of directors' costs, professional fees for legal, accounting, tax, compliance and information systems, travel, recruiting expense and, rent and related expenses.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

We maintain cash with several investment grade financial institutions. Highly liquid investments, which are readily convertible into cash, with original maturities ofthree monthsor less, are recorded as cash equivalents.

Management determines the appropriate classification of our investments in debt and marketable equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. Our debt and marketable equity securities have been classified and accounted for as available for sale. We may or may not hold securities with stated maturities until maturity. In response to changes in the availability of and the yield on alternative investments as well as liquidity requirements, we may sell these securities prior to their stated maturities. These securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Any realized gains or losses on the sale of marketable securities are determined on a specific identification method, and such gains and losses are reflected as a component of other income or expense.

Certain Risks and Concentrations

Certain Risks and Concentrations

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. They are subject to fluctuations in both market value and yield based upon changes in market conditions, including interest rates, liquidity, general economic conditions, and conditions specific to the issuers. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenues earned from customers primarily located in the United States. A portion of our accounts receivable represents the timing difference between when a customer’s credit card is billed and the subsequent settlement of that transaction with our credit card processors. This timing difference is generallythree daysfor substantially all of our credit card receivables. We have never experienced any accounts receivable write-offs due to this timing difference. In addition, we collect subscription fees in advance, minimizing our accounts receivable and bad debt exposure. If a customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP is declined, we generally suspend international calling capabilities as well as their ability to incur domestic usage charges in excess of their plan minutes. Generally, if the customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP could not be successfully processed duringthreebilling cycles (i.e., the current and two subsequent monthly billing cycles), we terminate the account. In addition, we automatically charge any per minute fees to our customers’ credit card, debit card or ECP monthly in arrears. To further mitigate our bad debt exposure, a customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP will be charged in advance of their monthly billing if their international calling or overage charges exceed a certain dollar threshold.

Inventory

Inventory

Inventory consists of the cost of customer equipment and is stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined using the average cost method. We provide an inventory allowance for customer equipment that has been returned by customers but may not be able to be reissued to new customers or returned to the manufacturer for credit.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment includes acquired assets and those accounted for under capital leases and consist principally of network equipment and computer hardware, software, furniture, and leasehold improvements. Company-owned equipment in use at customer premises is also included in property and equipment. In addition, the lease of our corporate headquarters has been accounted for as a capital lease and is included in property and equipment. Network equipment and computer hardware and furniture are stated at cost with depreciation provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range fromthreetofive years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over their estimated useful life of the related assets or the life of the lease, whichever is shorter. The cost of renewals and substantial improvements is capitalized while the cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to operating expenses as incurred. Company-owned customer premises equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis overthree years.

Our network equipment and computer hardware, which consists of routers, gateways, and servers that enable our telephony services, is subject to technological risks and rapid market changes due to new products and services and changing customer demand. These changes may result in future adjustments to the estimated useful lives or the carrying value of these assets, or both.

Software Costs

Software Costs

We capitalize certain costs, such as purchased software and internally developed software that we use for customer acquisition and customer care automation tools, in accordance with FASB ASC 350-40, “Internal-Use Software”. Computer software is stated at cost less accumulated amortization and the estimated useful life istwotofive years.

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill acquired in the acquisition of a business is accounted for based upon the excess fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired in the business combination. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis on October 1st and, when specific circumstances dictate, between annual tests. When impaired, the carrying value of goodwill is written down to fair value. The goodwill impairment test involves evaluating qualitative information to determine if it is more than 50% likely that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If such a determination is made, then the traditional two-step goodwill impairment test described below must be applied. The first step, identifying a potential impairment, compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step would need to be conducted; otherwise, no further steps are necessary as no potential impairment exists. The second step, measuring the impairment loss, compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Any excess of the reporting unit goodwill carrying value over the respective implied fair value is recognized as an impairment loss. There was no impairment of goodwill for thethree months ended March 31, 2016.

Intangible Assets and Patents

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets acquired in the settlement of litigation or by direct purchase are accounted for based upon the fair value of assets received.

Purchased-intangible assets are accounted for based upon the fair value of assets received. Purchased-intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line or accelerated basis over the periods of benefit, ranging fromtwototenyears. We perform a review of purchased-intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the useful life is shorter than we had originally estimated or that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. If such facts and circumstances exist, we assess the recoverability of purchased-intangible assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. Impairments, if any, are based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. If the useful life of the asset is shorter than originally estimated, we accelerate the rate of amortization and amortize the remaining carrying value over the new shorter useful life. There was no impairment of purchased-intangible assets identified for thethree months ended March 31, 2016.

Patents and Patent Licenses

Patent rights acquired in the settlement of litigation or by direct purchase are accounted for based upon the fair value of assets received.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and changes in circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. If our review indicates that the carrying value of an asset will not be recoverable, based on a comparison of the carrying value of the asset to the undiscounted future cash flows, the impairment will be measured by comparing the carrying value of the asset to its fair value. Fair value will be determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows or appraisals. Impairments of property and equipment are recorded in the statement of income as part of depreciation expense.

Debt Related Costs

Debt Related Costs

Costs incurred in raising debt are deferred and amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the life of the debt. A portion of these costs are netted against the underlying notes payable in accordance with ASU 2015-15, "Interest-Imputation of Interest".

Noncontrolling Interest and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

Noncontrolling Interest and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

We consolidate a majority-owned entity where we have the ability to exercise controlling influence. The ownership interest of the noncontrolling party is presented as noncontrolling interest in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Stockholders' Equity. If we are required to repurchase the noncontrolling interest at fair value, subject to adjustment, under a put option or other contractual redemption requirement, we will report the noncontrolling interest as redeemable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets between liabilities and equity. We adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interest to the redemption values on each balance sheet date with changes recognized as an adjustment to retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital when it becomes probable the noncontrolling interest will become redeemable.

Derivatives

Derivatives

We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading purposes. However, in accordance with FASB ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“FASB ASC 815”), we review our contractual obligations to determine whether there are terms that possess the characteristics of derivative financial instruments that must be accounted for separately from the financial instrument in which they are embedded. We recognize these features as liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet at fair value each period and recognize any change in the fair value in our statement of operations in the period of change. We estimate the fair value of these liabilities using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities at enacted income tax rates for the temporary differences between the financial reporting bases and the tax bases of our assets and liabilities. Any effects of changes in income tax rates or tax laws are included in the provision for income taxes in the period of enactment. Our net deferred tax assets primarily consist of net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”). We are required to record a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets if we conclude that it is more likely than not that taxable income generated in the future will be insufficient to utilize the future income tax benefit from our net deferred tax assets (namely, the NOLs) prior to expiration. We periodically review this conclusion, which requires significant management judgment. If we are able to conclude in a future period that a future income tax benefit from our net deferred tax assets has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized, we are required in that period to reduce the related valuation allowance with a corresponding decrease in income tax expense. This would result in a non-cash benefit to our net income in the period of the determination. In the fourth quarter of 2011, we released$325,601of valuation allowance. We periodically review this conclusion, which requires significant management judgment. In the future, if available evidence changes our conclusion that it is more likely than not that we will utilize our net deferred tax assets prior to their expiration, we will make an adjustment to the related valuation allowance and income tax expense at that time. In subsequent periods, we would expect to recognize income tax expense equal to our pre-tax income multiplied by our effective income tax rate, an expense that was not recognized prior to the reduction of the valuation allowance. Our effective rate may differ from the federal statutory rate due, in part, to our foreign operations and certain discrete period items. The 2016estimated annual effective tax rate is expected to approximate42%, but may fluctuate due to the timing of other discrete period transactions.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. on a federal basis and in U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions. Our federal tax return remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service from 2012 to present, our New Jersey tax returns remain open from 2011 to present, our Canada tax return remains open from 2011 to present, and other domestic and foreign tax returns remain open for all periods to which those filings relate. Our consolidated corporate income tax return for 2013 has been selected for examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Our Canadian corporate income tax returns for 2012 and 2013 have been selected for examination by the Canada Revenue Agency.We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.

We have not had any unrecognized tax benefits. We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as components of our income tax provision. We have not had any interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations

We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method of accounting requires that the purchase price, including the fair value of contingent consideration, of the acquisition be allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the fair values determined by management as of the acquisition date. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, the Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill to the extent the Company identifies adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations. We include the results of all acquisitions in our Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition.

Acquisition related transaction costs, such as banking, legal, accounting and other costs incurred in connection with an acquisition, are expensed as incurred in general and administrative expense.

Acquisition related integration costs include costs associated with exit or disposal activities, which do not meet the criteria of discontinued operations, including costs for employee, lease, and contract terminations, facility closing or other exit activities. Additionally, these costs include expenses directly related to integrating and reorganizing acquired businesses and include items such as employee retention costs, recruiting costs, certain moving costs, certain duplicative costs during integration and asset impairments. These costs are expensed as incurred in general and administrative expense.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted FASB ASC 820-10-25, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”. This standard establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. We did not elect fair value accounting for any assets and liabilities allowed by FASB ASC 825, “Financial Instruments”. FASB ASC 820-10 defines fair value as the amount that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC 820-10 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. FASB ASC 820-10 describes the following three levels of inputs that may be used:

• Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets and liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

• Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets but corroborated by market data.

• Level 3: Unobservable inputs when there is little or no market data available, thereby requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

Although management believes its valuation methods were appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could have resulted in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable, approximate fair value because of their short maturities. The carrying amounts of our capital leases approximate fair value of these obligations based upon management’s best estimates of interest rates that would be available for similar debt obligations at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. We believe the fair value of our debt at March 31, 2016 was approximately the same as its carrying amount as market conditions, including available interest rates, credit spread relative to our credit rating, and illiquidity, remain relatively unchanged from the issuance date of our debt on July 27, 2015 for a similar debt instrument. 

Foreign Currency

Foreign Currency

Generally, the functional currency of our non-United States subsidiaries is the local currency. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated to United States dollars using month-end rates of exchange for assets and liabilities, and average rates of exchange for revenues, costs, and expenses. Translation gains and losses are deferred and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ equity.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

We account for share-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation”. Under the fair value recognition provisions of this pronouncement, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, reduced as appropriate based on estimated forfeitures, and is recognized as expense over the applicable vesting period of the stock award using the accelerated method. The excess tax benefit associated with stock compensation deductions have not been recorded in additional paid-in capital. When evaluating whether an excess tax benefit has been realized, share based compensation deductions are not considered realized until NOLs are no longer sufficient to offset taxable income. Such excess tax benefits will be recorded when realized.

Earnings per Share

Earnings per Share

Net income per share has been computed according to FASB ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”, which requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”). Basic EPS represents net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during a reporting period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock, including stock options and restricted stock units under our 2001 Stock Incentive Plan and 2006 Incentive Plan, were exercised or converted into common stock. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock units is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. In applying the treasury stock method for stock-based compensation arrangements, the assumed proceeds are computed as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise and the amounts of average unrecognized compensation cost attributed to future services.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive items. Other comprehensive items include foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting". This ASU is issued as part of its Simplification Initiative. The areas for simplification in this ASU involve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual period. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-09 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contract with Customers - Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)". The core principle of this ASU is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The intention of this ASU is to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and early adoption will be permitted, but not earlier than annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, for public entities. We will adopt this ASU when effective. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-08 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases". This ASU increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities". This ASU provide guidance concerning certain matters involving the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of financial assets and financial liabilities. The guidance does not alter the basic framework for classifying debt instruments held as financial assets. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is not permitted, with some exceptions. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes". This ASU simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes and requires deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. This ASU may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2015-17 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-11, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory". This ASU applies to inventory that is measured using first-in, first-out ("FIFO") or average cost. Under the updated guidance, an entity should measure inventory that is within scope at the lower of cost and net realizable value, which is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predicable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory that is measured using last-in, first-out ("LIFO") or the retail inventory. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and should be applied prospectively with early adoption on permitted at the beginning of an interim and annual reporting period. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2015-11 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers". This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14 deferring the effective date to annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and early adoption will be permitted, but not earlier than the original effective date of annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, for public entities. We will adopt this ASU when effective. Companies may use either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach to adopt this ASU and our management is currently evaluating which transition approach to use. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table presents the assets that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Level 1 Assets
Money market fund (1)	$	394	$	57
Level 2 Assets
Available-for-sale securities (2)	$	9,600	$	9,908

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents on our consolidated balance sheet.

(2) Included in marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheet.

Computation for basic and diluted net (loss) income per share

The following table sets forth the computation for basic and diluted net income per share for the three months ended March 31, 2016:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Numerator
Income from continuing operations	$	7,931	$	9,849
Discontinued operations	—		(2,439		)
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	$	—	$	59
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(2,380	)
Net income attributable to Vonage	$	7,931	$	7,469
Denominator
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	214,039		211,844
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units	10,186		8,745
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	224,225		220,589
Basic net income per share
Basic net income per share-from continuing operations	$	0.04	$	0.05
Basic net loss per share-from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(0.01	)
Basic net income per share-net income attributable to Vonage	$	0.04	$	0.04
Diluted net income per share
Diluted net income per share-from continuing operations	$	0.04	$	0.04
Diluted net loss per share-from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(0.01	)
Diluted net income per share-net income attributable to Vonage	$	0.04	$	0.03

Securities excluded from calculation of diluted earnings per common share because of anti-dilutive effects

For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the following were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per common share because of their anti-dilutive effects:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016	2015
Restricted stock units	9,706	7,545
Stock options	13,300	18,163
	23,006	25,708

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information [Abstract]

Supplemental balance sheet account information

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Nontrade receivables	$	1,846	$	2,113
Services	10,513		8,066
Telecommunications	2,122		3,138
Insurance	442		939
Marketing	2,714		779
Other prepaids	963		624
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	18,600	$	15,659

Property and equipment, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Building (under capital lease)	$	25,709		$	25,709
Network equipment and computer hardware	94,194			89,025
Leasehold improvements	49,578			48,872
Customer premise equipment	6,716			7,292
Furniture	3,346			2,508
Vehicles	203			214
	179,746			173,620
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(127,865		)	(124,137		)
Property and equipment, net	$	51,881		$	49,483

Customer premise equipment, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Customer premise equipment	$	6,716		$	7,292
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,111		)	(2,068		)
Customer premise equipment, net	$	4,605		$	5,224

Software, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Purchased	$	66,883		$	67,248
Licensed	909			909
Internally developed	36,088			36,088
	103,880			104,245
Less: accumulated amortization	(83,587		)	(83,535		)
Software, net	$	20,293		$	20,710

Debt related costs, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility	$	5,044		$	5,044
Less: accumulated amortization	(3,135		)	(2,991		)
Debt related costs, net	$	1,909		$	2,053

Restricted cash

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Letter of credit-lease deposits	$	1,575	$	2,498
Cash reserves	285		89
Restricted cash	$	1,860	$	2,587

Intangible assets, net

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Customer relationships	$	92,609		$	92,609
Developed technology	75,694			75,694
Patents and patent licenses	20,164			20,164
Trademarks	560			560
Trade names	760			760
Non-compete agreements	2,933			2,933
Intangible assets, gross	192,720			192,720
Customer relationships	(25,626		)	(21,777		)
Developed technology	(21,685		)	(18,880		)
Patents and patent licenses	(12,748		)	(12,066		)
Trademarks	(560		)	(543		)
Trade names	(315		)	(260		)
Non-compete agreements	(1,249		)	(995		)
Less: accumulated amortization	(62,183		)	(54,521		)
Customer relationships	66,983			70,832
Developed technology	54,009			56,814
Patents and patent licenses	7,416			8,098
Trademarks	—			17
Trade names	445			500
Non-compete agreements	1,684			1,938
Intangible assets, net	$	130,537		$	138,199

Other assets

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Long term non-trade receivable	6,623		6,623
Others	2,624		2,980
Other assets	$	9,247	$	9,603

Accrued expenses

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Compensation and related taxes and temporary labor	$	21,649	$	33,196
Marketing	19,501		24,891
Taxes and fees	8,381		11,808
Litigation and settlements	23		23
Telecommunications	7,057		9,111
Other accruals	10,507		11,523
Customer credits	1,631		1,779
Professional fees	2,868		2,080
Accrued interest	21		22
Inventory	620		1,514
Credit card fees	169		180
Accrued expenses	$	72,427	$	96,127

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1,678		)	(1,656		)
Unrealized loss on available-for sale securities	1			(21		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(1,677	)	$	(1,677	)

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Supplemental Income Statement Account Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Income Statement Related Disclosures [Abstract]

Supplemental income statement account information

Amounts included in revenues

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
USF fees	$	19,520	$	18,515
Disconnect fees, net of credits and bad debt	$	214	$	202
Initial activation fees	$	368	$	220
Customer equipment rental	$	1,102	$	770
Customer equipment fees	$	2,081	$	1,173
Equipment recovery fees	$	18	$	15
Shipping and handling fees	$	608	$	603

Amount included in cost of services

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
USF costs	$	19,530	$	18,515

Amount included in cost of goods sold

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Shipping and handling cost	$	1,462	$	1,285

Amount included in sales and marketing

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Advertising costs	$	16,879	$	28,249

Amounts included in general and administrative expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Acquisition related transaction costs	$	93	$	438
Acquisition related integration costs	$	—	$	17

Depreciation and amortization expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Network equipment and computer hardware	$	3,833	$	2,890
Software	2,729		3,073
Capital leases	550		550
Other leasehold improvements	1,355		1,225
Customer premise equipment	629		460
Furniture	162		95
Vehicles	18		16
Patents	682		311
Trademarks	18		18
Customer relationships	3,849		2,229
Acquired technology	2,805		2,820
Trade names	54		25
Non-compete agreements	254		232
	16,938		13,944
Property and equipment impairments	41		1
Software impairments	—		—
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	16,979	$	13,945

Amount included in interest expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Debt related costs amortization	$	251	$	238

Amount included in other income (expense), net

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Net loss resulting from foreign exchange transactions	$	156	$	(567	)

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Long-Term Note and Revolving Credit Facility (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of long-term debt

A schedule of long-term note and revolving credit facility at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as follows:

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
2.50-3.00% Term note - due 2019, net of debt related costs	72,749		76,392
2.50-3.00% Revolving credit facility - due 2019	109,000		119,000
Total Long-term note and revolving credit facility	$	181,749	$	195,392

Future payments under long-term debt obligations

At March 31, 2016, future payments under term note obligations over each of the next five years and thereafter were as follows:

	Credit Facility
2016	$	11,250
2017	15,000
2018	15,000
2019	47,500
Minimum future payments of principal	88,750
Less: unamortized debt related costs	1,001
current portion	15,000
Long-term portion	$	72,749

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Common Stock (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

100,000 repurchase program, 12/9/14

Common stock repurchases:

Common stock repurchases

We repurchased the following shares of common stock with cash resources under the 2014 $100,000 repurchase program during the three and three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016 (1)		2015
Shares of common stock repurchased	1,653		1,779
Value of common stock repurchased	$	8,008	$	7,769

(1) including 98 shares, or $441, of common stock repurchases settled in April 2016; excluding commission of $2.

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Discontinued Operations (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Schedule of disposal groups, including discontinued operations

The results of operations of this discontinued operation are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Revenues	$	—	$	33
Operating expenses	—		1,648
Loss from discontinued operations	—		(1,615		)
Loss on disposal, net of taxes	—		(824		)
Net loss from discontinued operations	—		(2,439		)
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	$	—	$	59
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$	—	$	(2,380	)

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Acquisition of Business (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of goodwill

The following table provides a summary of the changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill:

Balance at December 31, 2015	$	222,106
Increase in goodwill related to acquisition of iCore	22
Balance at March 31, 2016	$	222,128

iCore

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed

The table below summarizes the iCore assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of August 31, 2015:

	Estimated Fair Value
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,014
Accounts receivable	1,492
Inventory	191
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,017
Total current assets	3,714
Property and equipment	4,437
Software	281
Intangible assets	38,064
Restricted cash	183
Other assets	195
Total assets acquired	46,874
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	3,344
Accrued expenses	3,963
Deferred revenue, current portion	576
Current maturities of capital lease obligations	557
Total current liabilities	8,440
Capital lease obligations, net of current maturities	552
Deferred tax liabilities, net, non-current	8,487
Total liabilities assumed	17,479
Net identifiable assets acquired	29,395
Goodwill	63,294
Total purchase price	$	92,689

Intangible assets acquired

The intangible assets as of the closing date of the acquisition included:

	Amount
Customer relationships	$	37,720
Non-compete agreements	104
Trade names	240
	$	38,064

Simple Signal

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed

The table below summarizes the Simple Signal assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of April 1, 2015:

	Estimated Fair Value
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53
Accounts receivable	832
Inventory	67
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	159
Total current assets	1,111
Property and equipment	979
Software	401
Intangible assets	6,407
Deferred tax assets, non-current	741
Total assets acquired	9,639
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	785
Accrued expenses	593
Deferred revenue, current portion	370
Total current liabilities	1,748
Total liabilities assumed	1,748
Net identifiable assets acquired	7,891
Goodwill	17,687
Total purchase price	$	25,578

Intangible assets acquired

The intangible assets as of the closing date of the acquisition included:

	Amount
Customer relationships	$	5,090
Developed technologies	994
Non-compete agreements	303
Trade names	20
	$	6,407

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($) billing_cycle	Mar. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2011 USD ($)
Concentration risk:
Goodwill impairment	$ 0
General and administrative	$ 26,670,000	$ 23,234,000
Maximum original maturity term of investments to be considered cash and cash equivalents	3 months
Duration of timing difference between customer credit card billed and subsequent settlement of transaction with credit card processors	3 days
Number of unsuccessful billing cycles before account termination | billing_cycle	3
Estimated annual effective tax rate	42.00%
Software impairments	$ 0
Research and Development Expense
Concentration risk:
General and administrative	$ 4,908,000	$ 4,055,000
Network equipment | Minimum
Concentration risk:
Useful life of property and equipment	3 years
Network equipment | Maximum
Concentration risk:
Useful life of property and equipment	5 years
Customer premise equipment
Concentration risk:
Useful life of property and equipment	3 years
Software | Minimum
Concentration risk:
Useful life of intangible assets	2 years
Software | Maximum
Concentration risk:
Useful life of intangible assets	5 years
Purchased Intangible Assets | Minimum
Concentration risk:
Useful life of intangible assets	2 years
Purchased Intangible Assets | Maximum
Concentration risk:
Useful life of intangible assets	10 years
Valuation allowance, operating loss carryforwards
Concentration risk:
Released valuation allowance			$ (325,601,000)
Subscriber Lines | Geographic Concentration Risk | United States
Concentration risk:
Concentration risk	93.00%

XML

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Money market fund		$ 35,889	$ 57,726	$ 52,224	$ 40,797
Available-for-sale securities		9,600	9,908
Level 1 assets
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Money market fund	[1]	394	57
Level 2 assets
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	[2]	$ 9,600	$ 9,908

[1] Included in cash and cash equivalents on our consolidated balance sheet.

[2] Included in marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheet.

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Numerator
Income from continuing operations	$ 7,931	$ 9,849
Discontinued operations	0	(2,439)
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	0	59
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	0	(2,380)
Net income attributable to Vonage	$ 7,931	$ 7,469
Denominator
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	214,039	211,844
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units (in shares)	10,186	8,745
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	224,225	220,589
Basic net income per share
Basic net income per share-from continuing operations (USD per share)	$ 0.04	$ 0.05
Basic net loss per share-from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage (USD per share)	0.00	(0.01)
Basic (USD per share)	0.04	0.04
Diluted net income per share
Diluted net income per share-from continuing operations (USD per share)	0.04	0.04
Diluted net loss per share-from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage (USD per share)	0.00	(0.01)
Diluted (USD per share)	$ 0.04	$ 0.03

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Earnings Per Share, Antidilutive Securities (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Earnings per share, antidilutive securities:
Antidilutive securities excluded from earnings per common share	23,006	25,708
Restricted stock units
Earnings per share, antidilutive securities:
Antidilutive securities excluded from earnings per common share	9,706	7,545
Stock options
Earnings per share, antidilutive securities:
Antidilutive securities excluded from earnings per common share	13,300	18,163

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Prepaid expenses and other current assets:
Nontrade receivables	$ 1,846	$ 2,113
Services	10,513	8,066
Telecommunications	2,122	3,138
Insurance	442	939
Marketing	2,714	779
Other prepaids	963	624
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 18,600	$ 15,659

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 179,746	$ 173,620
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(127,865)	(124,137)
Property and equipment, net	51,881	49,483
Building (under capital lease)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	25,709	25,709
Network equipment and computer hardware
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	94,194	89,025
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	49,578	48,872
Customer premise equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	6,716	7,292
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,111)	(2,068)
Property and equipment, net	4,605	5,224
Furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	3,346	2,508
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 203	$ 214

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information Software (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Software:
Software, gross	$ 103,880	$ 104,245
Less: accumulated amortization	(83,587)	(83,535)
Software, net	20,293	20,710
Purchased
Software:
Software, gross	66,883	67,248
Licensed
Software:
Software, gross	909	909
Internally developed
Software:
Software, gross	$ 36,088	$ 36,088

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information Debt related costs, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility	$ 5,044	$ 5,044
Less: accumulated amortization	(3,135)	(2,991)
Debt related costs, net	$ 1,909	$ 2,053

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Restricted cash:
Restricted cash	$ 1,860	$ 2,587
Letter of credit-lease deposits
Restricted cash:
Restricted cash	1,575	2,498
Cash reserves
Restricted cash:
Restricted cash	$ 285	$ 89

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Intangible assets, gross	$ 192,720	$ 192,720
Less: accumulated amortization	(62,183)	(54,521)
Intangible assets, net	130,537	138,199
Customer relationships
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Intangible assets, gross	92,609	92,609
Less: accumulated amortization	(25,626)	(21,777)
Intangible assets, net	66,983	70,832
Developed technology
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Intangible assets, gross	75,694	75,694
Less: accumulated amortization	(21,685)	(18,880)
Intangible assets, net	54,009	56,814
Patents and patent licenses
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Intangible assets, gross	20,164	20,164
Less: accumulated amortization	(12,748)	(12,066)
Intangible assets, net	7,416	8,098
Trademarks
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Intangible assets, gross	560	560
Less: accumulated amortization	(560)	(543)
Intangible assets, net	0	17
Trade names
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Intangible assets, gross	760	760
Less: accumulated amortization	(315)	(260)
Intangible assets, net	445	500
Non-compete agreements
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Intangible assets, gross	2,933	2,933
Less: accumulated amortization	(1,249)	(995)
Intangible assets, net	$ 1,684	$ 1,938

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Long term non-trade receivable	$ 6,623	$ 6,623
Others	2,624	2,980
Other assets	$ 9,247	$ 9,603

XML

Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information Accrued expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Compensation and related taxes and temporary labor	$ 21,649	$ 33,196
Marketing	19,501	24,891
Taxes and fees	8,381	11,808
Litigation and settlements	23	23
Telecommunications	7,057	9,111
Other accruals	10,507	11,523
Customer credits	1,631	1,779
Professional fees	2,868	2,080
Accrued interest	21	22
Inventory	620	1,514
Credit card fees	169	180
Accrued expenses	$ 72,427	$ 96,127

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Account Information Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation adjustment	$ (1,678)	$ (1,656)
Unrealized loss on available-for sale securities	1	(21)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ (1,677)	$ (1,677)

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Supplemental Income Statement Account Information - Revenues (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Income Statement Related Disclosures [Abstract]
USF fees	$ 19,520	$ 18,515
Disconnect fees, net of credits and bad debt	214	202
Initial activation fees	368	220
Customer equipment rental	1,102	770
Customer equipment fees	2,081	1,173
Equipment recovery fees	18	15
Shipping and handling fees	$ 608	$ 603

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Supplemental Income Statement Account Information - Cost of Services (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Direct cost of telephony services
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
USF costs	$ 19,530	$ 18,515

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Supplemental Income Statement Account Information - Cost of Goods Sold (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Direct cost of goods sold
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Shipping and handling cost	$ 1,462	$ 1,285

XML

Supplemental Income Statement Account Information - Sales and Marketing (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Sales and Marketing
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Advertising costs	$ 16,879	$ 28,249

XML

Supplemental Income Statement Account Information - General and Administrative (Details) - General and administrative expense - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Acquisition related transaction costs	$ 93	$ 438
Acquisition related integration costs	$ 0	$ 17

XML

Supplemental Income Statement Account Information - Deprecation and Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Software impairments	$ 0
Depreciation and amortization	16,979,000	$ 13,945,000
Depreciation and amortization expense
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	16,938,000	13,944,000
Depreciation and amortization	16,979,000	13,945,000
Depreciation and amortization expense | Network equipment and computer hardware
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	3,833,000	2,890,000
Depreciation and amortization expense | Software
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	2,729,000	3,073,000
Depreciation and amortization expense | Capital leases
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	550,000	550,000
Depreciation and amortization expense | Leasehold improvements
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	1,355,000	1,225,000
Depreciation and amortization expense | Customer premise equipment
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	629,000	460,000
Depreciation and amortization expense | Furniture
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	162,000	95,000
Depreciation and amortization expense | Vehicles
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	18,000	16,000
Depreciation and amortization expense | Property and equipment impairments
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Property and equipment impairments	41,000	1,000
Software | Depreciation and amortization expense
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Software impairments	0	0
Patents | Depreciation and amortization expense
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	682,000	311,000
Trademarks | Depreciation and amortization expense
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	18,000	18,000
Customer relationships | Depreciation and amortization expense
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	3,849,000	2,229,000
Developed technology | Depreciation and amortization expense
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	2,805,000	2,820,000
Trade names | Depreciation and amortization expense
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	54,000	25,000
Non-compete agreements | Depreciation and amortization expense
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding impairments	$ 254,000	$ 232,000

XML

Supplemental Income Statement Account Information - Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Amortization of debt related costs	$ 251	$ 238
Interest expense
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Amortization of debt related costs	$ 251	$ 238

XML

Supplemental Income Statement Account Information - Other Income (Expense), Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Other expense, net
Supplemental Income Statement Information [Line Items]
Net loss resulting from foreign exchange transactions	$ 156	$ (567)

XML

Long-Term Note and Revolving Credit Facility Long-term Debt (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total Long-term note and revolving credit facility	$ 181,749		$ 195,392
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total Long-term note and revolving credit facility	$ 72,749		76,392
Interest rate, minimum	2.50%	2.50%
Interest rate, maximum	3.00%	3.00%
Secured debt | 2015 Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total Long-term note and revolving credit facility	$ 109,000		$ 119,000
Interest rate, minimum	2.50%	2.50%
Interest rate, maximum	3.00%	3.00%

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Long-Term Note and Revolving Credit Facility Future Payment Under Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: unamortized debt related costs	$ 1,909	$ 2,053
Current portion of notes payables	15,000	$ 15,000
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2016	11,250
2017	15,000
2018	15,000
2019	47,500
Minimum future payments of principal	88,750
Less: unamortized debt related costs	1,001
Current portion of notes payables	15,000
Long-term portion	$ 72,749

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Long-Term Note and Revolving Credit Facility Narrative (Detail) - USD ($)						3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2015	Jul. 27, 2015	Apr. 01, 2015	Dec. 15, 2014	Aug. 13, 2014	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility						$ 5,044,000	$ 5,044,000
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Duration of interest period used to determine interest rate		3 months
Prepayment percentage of net cash proceeds from disposition of assets		100.00%
Prepayment percentage of net cash proceeds received in connection with other non-ordinary course transaction		100.00%
Additional borrowing capacity allowed		$ 90,000
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		2.75%
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio less than .75 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		2.50%
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis		LIBOR
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR, consolidated leverage ratio greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		3.00%
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | Base rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis		base rate
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | Federal Funds effective rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis		federal funds effective rate
Basis spread on variable rate		0.50%
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis		LIBO rate applicable to one month interest periods
Percentage in addition to basis spread on variable rate		1.00%
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, conolidated leverage ratio less than .75 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		1.50%
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, consolidated leverage ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit		75.00%
Basis spread on variable rate		1.75%
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, consolidated levarage ratio greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		2.00%
Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility and Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from the issuance of debt		$ 167,000,000
Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from the issuance of debt					$ 90,000,000
Duration of interest period used to determine interest rate					3 months
Prepayment percentage of net cash proceeds from disposition of assets					100.00%
Prepayment percentage of net cash proceeds received in connection with other non-ordinary course transaction					100.00%
Additional borrowing capacity allowed					$ 60,000,000
Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate					3.125%
Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio less than .75 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate					2.875%
Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR, consolidated leverage ratio greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate					3.375%
Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | Base rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis					base rate
Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | Federal Funds effective rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis					federal funds effective rate
Basis spread on variable rate					0.50%
Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis					LIBO rate applicable to one month interest periods
Percentage in addition to basis spread on variable rate					1.00%
Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, conolidated leverage ratio less than .75 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate					1.875%
Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, consolidated leverage ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate					2.125%
Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, consolidated levarage ratio greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate					2.375%
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity		100,000,000
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility		602,000
Periodic payment		3,750,000				3,750,000	7,500,000
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured debt | 2015 Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility		1,405,000
Periodic payment						$ 10,000,000	$ 30,000,000
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility and Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility		2,007,000
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility and Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility		1,628,000
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity					$ 100,000,000
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility		733,000			1,910,000
Periodic payment					5,000,000
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured debt | 2013 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility					668,000
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured debt | 2014 Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt related costs related to Revolving Credit Facility		895,000
Revolving Credit Facility | Secured debt | 2015 Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 250,000,000
Line of credit facility, commitment fee percentage		0.40%
Revolving Credit Facility | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity					$ 125,000,000
Line of credit facility, commitment fee percentage					0.40%
Revolving Credit Facility | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis					LIBOR
Loans payable | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Additional interest rate applied in the event of default		2.00%
Loans payable | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Additional interest rate applied in the event of default					2.00%
iCore
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, borrowing from revolving credit facility	$ 82,000,000
Simple Signal
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, borrowing from revolving credit facility			$ 20,000,000
Telesphere
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, borrowing from revolving credit facility				$ 67,000,000
Minimum | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Cash requirement for financial covenants		$ 25,000,000
Minimum | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit		75.00%
Minimum | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR, consolidated leverage ratio greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit		150.00%
Minimum | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, consolidated levarage ratio greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit		150.00%
Minimum | Secured debt | 2015 Revolving Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, commitment fee percentage		0.375%
Consolidated leverage ratio limit		75.00%
Minimum | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Cash requirement for financial covenants					$ 25,000,000
Minimum | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit					75.00%
Minimum | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR, consolidated leverage ratio greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit					150.00%
Minimum | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, consolidated leverage ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit					75.00%
Minimum | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, consolidated levarage ratio greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit					150.00%
Maximum | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio permitted by financial covenants		225.00%
Consolidated fixed coverage charge ratio permitted by financial covenants		175.00%
Annual capital expenditures permitted by financial covenants		$ 55,000,000
Maximum | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit		150.00%
Maximum | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio less than .75 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit		75.00%
Maximum | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, conolidated leverage ratio less than .75 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit		75.00%
Maximum | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, consolidated leverage ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit		150.00%
Maximum | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | Consolidated leverage ratio limited step-up to 2.75 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio permitted by financial covenants		275.00%
Maximum | Secured debt | 2015 Revolving Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit		150.00%
Maximum | Secured debt | 2015 Revolving Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio less than .75 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, commitment fee percentage		0.35%
Consolidated leverage ratio limit		75.00%
Maximum | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio permitted by financial covenants					225.00%
Consolidated fixed coverage charge ratio permitted by financial covenants					175.00%
Restricted payments adjusted amount for consolidated fixed coverage charge ratio requirement		$ 80,000,000			$ 80,000,000
Annual capital expenditures permitted by financial covenants					55,000,000
Annual excess cash flow in addition to unused capital expenditures limit carried forward permitted by financial covenants					$ 8,000,000
Maximum | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit					150.00%
Maximum | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR, Consolidated Leverage Ratio less than .75 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit					75.00%
Maximum | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, conolidated leverage ratio less than .75 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit					75.00%
Maximum | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | LIBOR applicable to one month interest periods, consolidated leverage ratio greater than or equal to .75 to 1.00 and less than 1.50 to 1.00
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated leverage ratio limit					150.00%
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. | Secured debt | 2015 Credit Facility | Prime rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis		prime rate
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. | Secured debt | 2014 Credit Facility | Prime rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Description of variable rate basis					prime rate

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Common Stock - Common Stock Repurchases (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016		Mar. 31, 2015
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Value of common stock repurchased	$ 8,033
Common stock repurchases	$ 443		$ 285
100,000 repurchase program, 12/9/14 | Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock repurchased	1,653	[1]	1,779
Value of common stock repurchased	$ 8,008	[1]	$ 7,769
Shares of settled common stock repurchased	98
Common stock repurchases	$ 441
Commission costs on shares repurchased	$ 2

[1] including 98 shares, or $441, of common stock repurchases settled in April 2016; excluding commission of $2.

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Common Stock - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 09, 2014 USD ($)	Jun. 07, 2012	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Feb. 12, 2013 USD ($)	Feb. 07, 2013 USD ($)	Jul. 25, 2012 USD ($)
Common stock repurchases:
Ownership percentage limit for 5-percentage points shareholders under the NOL Rights Agreement		50.00%
Rolling period determining ownership percentage limit under NOL Rights Agreement		3 years
Conversion of common to preferred shares under declared dividend right		1
Maximum ownership percentage limit under the NOL Rights Agreement in which significant dilution would be imposed		4.90%
Common Stock | $50,000 repurchase program
Common stock repurchases:
Authorized amount of stock repurchased						$ 50,000,000	$ 50,000,000
Remaining authorized amount of stock repurchased program					$ 16,682,000
Common Stock | $100,000 repurchase program
Common stock repurchases:
Authorized amount of stock repurchased	$ 100,000,000				$ 100,000,000
Stock repurchase program, period in force	4 years
Remaining authorized amount of stock repurchased program				$ 219,000
Common Stock | 100,000 repurchase program, 12/9/14
Common stock repurchases:
Authorized amount of stock repurchased	$ 100,000,000
Remaining authorized amount of stock repurchased program			$ 76,797,000

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Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	Feb. 11, 2013 Defendant	Aug. 17, 2011 Defendant	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Jan. 25, 2012 claim
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Restricted cash			$ 1,860	$ 2,587
Purchase obligation, remainder of fiscal year			100
Purchase obligation, due in year two			300
Purchase obligation, due in year three			300
Purchase obligation, due in year four			300
Reserve for potential tax liability pending new requirements from state or municipal agencies			3,015
Estimated maximum potential exposure for retroactive tax assessments			4,000
Letter of credit
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Restricted cash			$ 1,575	$ 2,498
Threatened Litigation | Bear Creek Litigation Case | Patent Claims
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of defendants | Defendant		1
Pending claims | claim					12
Threatened Litigation | RPost Holdings Inc. Litigation Case | Patent Claims
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of defendants | Defendant	27

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Noncontrolling Interest and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Sep. 30, 2013
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
Redeemable noncontrolling interest percentage ownership		4.00%	30.00%
Payments for restructuring	$ 500

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Discontinued Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Loss from discontinued operations	$ 0	$ (1,615)
Loss on disposal, net of taxes	0	(824)	$ (824)
Discontinued operations	0	(2,439)
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	0	59
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	0	(2,380)
Subsidiaries | Brazil
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Revenues	0	33
Operating expenses	0	1,648
Loss from discontinued operations	0	(1,615)
Loss on disposal, net of taxes	0	(824)
Discontinued operations	0	(2,439)
Plus: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest	0	59
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vonage	$ 0	$ (2,380)

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Discontinued Operations - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Loss on disposal, net of taxes	$ 0	$ 824	$ 824
Net tax benefit related to the write-off			1,058
Non-controlling interest
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Loss from discontinued operations before income tax expense			907
Foreign Currency Gain (Loss)
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Loss from discontinued operations before income tax expense			783
Accumulated Translation Adjustment
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Loss from discontinued operations before income tax expense			$ 192

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Acquisition of Business Narrative (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2015	Apr. 01, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
iCore
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross	$ 92,689
Payments to acquire businesses, cash on hand	10,689
Payments to acquire businesses, borrowing from revolving credit facility	82,000
Payments to acquire businesses, escrow deposit	$ 9,200
Acquisition and integration related costs			$ 1,353
Period from acquisition date to finalize valuations for assets acquired and liabilities assumed	1 year
Deferred tax liabilities, net, non-current	$ 12,944
Intangible assets	38,064
Deferred tax assets, operating loss carryforwards	4,457
Intangible assets acquired	$ 38,064
Simple Signal
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross		$ 20,000
Payments to acquire businesses, borrowing from revolving credit facility		20,000
Payments to acquire businesses, escrow deposit		$ 2,356
Acquisition and integration related costs			$ 470
Period from acquisition date to finalize valuations for assets acquired and liabilities assumed		1 year
Intangible assets		$ 6,407
Deferred tax assets, operating loss carryforwards		3,182
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred		$ 25,578
Business acquisition, equity interest issued or Issuable (in shares)		1,111
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Equity Interests Issued and Issuable		$ 5,578
Business combination, consideration transferred, equity interests issued and issuable, escrow deposit		1,144
Intangible assets acquired		$ 6,407
Customer relationships | iCore
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life of intangible assets	10 years
Intangible assets acquired	$ 37,720
Customer relationships | Simple Signal
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life of intangible assets		10 years
Intangible assets acquired		$ 5,090
Developed technology | iCore
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life of intangible assets	8 years
Developed technology | Simple Signal
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life of intangible assets		8 years
Intangible assets acquired		$ 994
Non-compete agreements | iCore
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life of intangible assets	2 years
Intangible assets acquired	$ 104
Non-compete agreements | Simple Signal
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life of intangible assets		2 years
Intangible assets acquired		$ 303
Purchased Intangible Assets | Simple Signal
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Deferred tax liabilities, net, non-current		$ 2,441

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Acquisition of Business Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Aug. 31, 2015	Apr. 01, 2015
Current assets:
Restricted cash	$ 1,860	$ 2,587
Deferred tax assets, non-current	195,148	202,587
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of capital lease obligations	4,521	4,398
Capital lease obligations, net of current maturities	2,265	3,363
Goodwill	$ 222,128	$ 222,106
iCore
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$ 1,014
Accounts receivable			1,492
Inventory			191
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			1,017
Total current assets			3,714
Property and equipment			4,437
Software			281
Restricted cash			183
Intangible assets			38,064
Other assets			195
Total assets acquired			46,874
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable			3,344
Accrued expenses			3,963
Deferred revenue, current portion			576
Current maturities of capital lease obligations			557
Total current liabilities			8,440
Capital lease obligations, net of current maturities			552
Deferred tax liabilities, net, non-current			8,487
Total liabilities assumed			17,479
Net identifiable assets acquired			29,395
Goodwill			63,294
Total purchase price			$ 92,689
Simple Signal
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents				$ 53
Accounts receivable				832
Inventory				67
Prepaid expenses and other current assets				159
Total current assets				1,111
Property and equipment				979
Software				401
Intangible assets				6,407
Deferred tax assets, non-current				741
Total assets acquired				9,639
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable				785
Accrued expenses				593
Deferred revenue, current portion				370
Total current liabilities				1,748
Total liabilities assumed				1,748
Net identifiable assets acquired				7,891
Goodwill				17,687
Total purchase price				$ 25,578

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Acquisition of Business Intangible Assets Acquired (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 31, 2015	Apr. 01, 2015
Simple Signal
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired		$ 6,407
Simple Signal | Customer relationships
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired		5,090
Simple Signal | Developed technology
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired		994
Simple Signal | Non-compete agreements
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired		303
Simple Signal | Trade names
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired		$ 20
iCore
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	$ 38,064
iCore | Customer relationships
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	37,720
iCore | Non-compete agreements
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	104
iCore | Trade names
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	$ 240

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Acquisition of Business Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 222,106
Goodwill, ending balance	222,128
iCore
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Increase in goodwill related to acquisitions	$ 22

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Subsequent Events - Narrative (Details) - Forecast - Nexmo	May. 05, 2016 USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Merger Agreement, expected cash and stock be to paid	$ 230,000,000
Merger Agreement, consideration expected to be paid in cash, percent	75.00%
Merger Agreement, consideration expected to be paid in stock, percent	25.00%
Merger Agreement, maximum consideration to be paid in cash, percent	100.00%
Merger Agreement, consideration to be paid in stock if maximum cash option taken, percent	0.00%
Merger Agreement, expected consideration to be transferred	$ 195,000,000
Merger Agreement, expected consideration to be in cash	159,000,000
Merger Agreement, expected consideration to be in stock	36,000,000
Merger Agreement, consideration to be paid in restricted cash and stock	35,000,000
Merger Agreement, contingent considerations, potential future performance achievement	$ 20,000