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Segment and Geographic Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment and Geographic Information Segment and Geographic Information
Segment Information
The Company has historically operated in two principal operating segments, Vinyls and Olefins. In conjunction with the 2021 Acquisitions discussed in Note 2, and a resulting significant increase in the size of the Company's housing and infrastructure products operations, the Company reorganized its business into two principal operating segments, Performance and Essential Materials and Housing and Infrastructure Products, during the fourth quarter of 2021. These segments are strategic business units that offer a variety of different materials and products. The Company manages each segment separately as each business requires different technology and marketing strategies. These reporting changes have been retrospectively reflected in the segment results for all periods presented.
The Company's Performance and Essential Materials segment manufactures and markets polyethylene, styrene monomer, ethylene co-products, PVC, VCM, ethylene dichloride ("EDC"), chlor-alkali (chlorine and caustic soda), and chlorinated derivative products. The Company's ethylene production is used in the Company's polyethylene, styrene and VCM operations. In addition, the Company sells ethylene and ethylene co-products, primarily propylene, crude butadiene, pyrolysis gasoline and hydrogen, to external customers. The Company's primary North American manufacturing facilities are located in its Calvert City, Kentucky; Lake Charles, Plaquemine and Geismar, Louisiana and Longview, Texas sites. The Company produces ethylene and polyethylene at its facilities in Lake Charles, Louisiana; Calvert City, Kentucky and Longview, Texas. The Company produces chlorine, caustic soda, VCM, EDC, PVC, hydrogen and chlorinated derivative materials at its facilities in Lake Charles, Plaquemine and Geismar, Louisiana; Calvert City, Kentucky; Natrium, West Virginia; Longview, Washington; Beauharnois, Quebec and Aberdeen, Mississippi. In addition to North America, the Company also has manufacturing facilities in Europe and Asia.
No single customer accounted for more than 10% of sales in the Performance and Essential Materials segment for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 or 2019.
The Housing and Infrastructure Products segment manufactures and markets products including residential siding, trim and mouldings, stone, roofing, windows, outdoor living products, PVC pipe and fittings and PVC compounds. As of December 31, 2021, the Company owned or leased 75 manufacturing facilities in North America, Europe and Asia. The Company's North American PVC facilities within the Performance and Essential Materials segment supply most of the PVC required for the building products and pipes and fittings plants. The raw materials for stone, roofing and accessories, windows, shutters and specialty tool products are externally purchased. PVC required for the PVC compounds plants is either internally sourced from Company's North American or Asian facilities or externally purchased at market prices based on the location of the plants.
No single customer accounted for more than 10% of sales in the Housing and Infrastructure Products segment for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 or 2019.
The accounting policies of the individual segments are the same as those described in Note 1.
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Net external sales
Performance and Essential Materials
Performance materials$5,997 $3,428 $3,574 
Essential materials2,673 2,037 2,610 
Total performance and essential materials8,670 5,465 6,184 
Housing and Infrastructure Products
Housing products2,334 1,497 1,390 
Infrastructure products774 542 544 
Total housing and infrastructure products3,108 2,039 1,934 
$11,778 $7,504 $8,118 
Intersegment sales
Performance and Essential Materials$798 $432 $393 
Housing and Infrastructure Products— — 2 
$798 $432 $395 
Income (loss) from operations
Performance and Essential Materials$2,549 $231 $569 
Housing and Infrastructure Products356 256 136 
Corporate and other(105)(58)(49)
$2,800 $429 $656 
Depreciation and amortization
Performance and Essential Materials$665 $637 $581 
Housing and Infrastructure Products168 128 124 
Corporate and other7 8 8 
$840 $773 $713 
Other income, net
Performance and Essential Materials$33 $30 $23 
Housing and Infrastructure Products10 4 — 
Corporate and other10 10 15 
$53 $44 $38 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Performance and Essential Materials$542 $(122)$88 
Housing and Infrastructure Products80 71 12 
Corporate and other(15)9 8 
$607 $(42)$108 
Capital expenditures
Performance and Essential Materials$567 $462 $714 
Housing and Infrastructure Products88 55 67 
Corporate and other3 8 6 
$658 $525 $787 
A reconciliation of total segment income from operations to consolidated income before income taxes is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Income from operations for reportable segments$2,800 $429 $656 
Interest expense(176)(142)(124)
Other income, net53 44 38 
Income before income taxes$2,677 $331 $570 

December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Total assets
Performance and Essential Materials$11,938 $10,885 
Housing and Infrastructure Products5,021 1,720 
Corporate and other1,500 1,230 
$18,459 $13,835 
Geographic Information
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Net sales to external customers (1)
United States$8,157 $5,100 $5,530 
Foreign
Canada980 601 573 
Germany628 458 478 
China216 173 175 
Italy181 103 119 
Taiwan95 74 84 
Other1,521 995 1,159 
$11,778 $7,504 $8,118 

December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Long-lived assets
United States$6,633 $5,930 
Foreign
Germany634 666 
Other339 324 
$7,606 $6,920 

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(1)Net sales are attributed to countries based on location of customer.