0001262823-16-000027.txt : 20160223 0001262823-16-000027.hdr.sgml : 20160223 20160223073458 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001262823-16-000027 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 8-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 2 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20160223 ITEM INFORMATION: Results of Operations and Financial Condition ITEM INFORMATION: Regulation FD Disclosure ITEM INFORMATION: Financial Statements and Exhibits FILED AS OF DATE: 20160223 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20160223 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001262823 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS [2860] IRS NUMBER: 760346924 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 8-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-32260 FILM NUMBER: 161446819 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2801 POST OAK BLVD STREET 2: SUITE 600 CITY: HOUSTON STATE: TX ZIP: 77056 BUSINESS PHONE: 713-960-9111 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2801 POST OAK BLVD STREET 2: SUITE 600 CITY: HOUSTON STATE: TX ZIP: 77056 8-K 1 a151231earningsrelease8k.htm 8-K 8-K


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (date of earliest event reported): February 23, 2016

Westlake Chemical Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
 
001-32260
 
76-0346924
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)
 
(Commission File Number)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

2801 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 600
Houston, Texas
 
77056
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (713) 960-9111

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

¨
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
¨
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
¨
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
¨
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))


 







Item 2.02. Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
On February 23, 2016, Westlake Chemical Corporation (the "Company") issued a press release announcing its 2015 fourth quarter and full year earnings. A copy of the press release is furnished with this Current Report as Exhibit 99.1.
The information furnished pursuant to this Current Report, including Exhibit 99.1, shall not be deemed to be "filed" for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and will not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement filed by Westlake Chemical Corporation under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, unless specifically identified as being incorporated therein.
Item 7.01. Regulation FD Disclosure.
The Company is holding a conference call on February 23, 2016 to discuss its 2015 fourth quarter and full year results. Information about the call can be found in the press release furnished with this Current Report as Exhibit 99.1.
Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) Exhibits
The following exhibit is furnished herewith:
99.1    Press release issued on February 23, 2016.






SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 
 
 
 
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
Date:
February 23, 2016
 
By:
/S/ ALBERT CHAO
 
 
 
 
Albert Chao
President and Chief Executive Officer







EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
 
 
99.1
 
Press release issued on February 23, 2016.





EX-99.1 2 ex991_151231earningsrelease.htm EXHIBIT 99.1 Exhibit


EXHIBIT 99.1
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

Contact—(713) 960-9111
Investors—Steve Bender
Media—L. Benjamin Ederington

 

Westlake Chemical Corporation Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2015 Earnings

Second highest annual earnings of $646.0 million in 2015
Generated cash flow from operations in 2015 of $1,078.8 million
Ended 2015 with cash and marketable securities of $1,182.7 million
Westlake Chemical Corporation (NYSE: WLK) today reported net income for the three months ended December 31, 2015 of $111.0 million, or $0.84 per diluted share, compared to net income of $183.3 million, or $1.37 per diluted share, reported for the fourth quarter of 2014. Net sales for the three months ended December 31, 2015 of $986.8 million decreased $149.1 million compared to net sales of $1,135.9 million in the same period of 2014, primarily due to lower sales prices for all of our major products, partially offset by higher sales volumes. Income from operations was $181.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to $302.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2014. The decrease in income from operations was primarily the result of lower integrated Olefins and Vinyls margins, largely due to lower selling prices for all of our major products, partially offset by lower feedstock and energy costs and higher sales volumes. Income from operations for the fourth quarter of 2015 was negatively impacted by lower production rates, unabsorbed manufacturing costs and other costs associated with several polyethylene turnarounds.
Fourth quarter 2015 net income of $111.0 million, or $0.84 per diluted share, decreased by $72.6 million from the $183.6 million, or $1.39 per diluted share, reported in the third quarter of 2015. Net sales in the fourth quarter of 2015 of $986.8 million decreased $201.2 million from net sales of $1,188.0 million in the third quarter of 2015, mainly due to lower sales prices and volumes for all of our major products. Fourth quarter 2015 income from operations was $181.1 million as compared to $254.0 million for the third quarter of 2015, a decrease of $72.9 million. The decrease in operating income in the fourth quarter of 2015 as compared to the third quarter of 2015 was primarily the result of lower integrated product margins resulting from lower sales prices for our major products, partially offset by lower feedstock and energy costs. Net income for the third quarter of 2015 benefited from a lower effective tax rate resulting from several discrete items and other adjustments, partially offset by lost production and costs associated with turnaround activity.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, net income was $646.0 million, or $4.86 per diluted share, on net sales of $4,463.3 million. This represents a decrease in net income of $32.5 million, or $0.21 per diluted share, from 2014 net income of $678.5 million, or $5.07 per diluted share, on net sales of $4,415.4 million. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2015 benefited from a net pre-tax gain of $20.4 million, or $0.16 per diluted share, related to the bargain purchase gain from the acquisition of additional interest in our Huasu joint venture, net of related expenses, and a lower effective tax rate, primarily due to several discrete tax items and other adjustments, which collectively lowered the 2015 effective tax rate to 31.0% as compared to the 2015 effective tax rate on ordinary income of 33.6%. Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased $47.9 million to $4,463.3 million compared to net sales for 2014 of $4,415.4 million, primarily due to a full year of sales contributed by our specialty PVC resin business, Vinnolit, which we acquired on July 31, 2014, and higher sales volumes for most of our major products, partially offset by lower sales prices for all our major products. Income from operations was $959.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to $1,124.0 million for 2014. The decrease in 2015 income from operations as compared to 2014 was mainly attributable to lower olefins integrated product margins, primarily caused by lower sales prices and costs related to several turnarounds in 2015, partially offset by the contribution from Vinnolit for the full year 2015, increased production at our Calvert City, Kentucky facilities following the completion of the feedstock conversion and ethylene expansion project, higher production rates at our Geismar, Louisiana chlor-alkali plant and lower feedstock and

i



energy costs. Sales prices for the year ended December 31, 2015 were negatively impacted by the significant decline in crude oil prices.
"We are pleased to report strong earnings for 2015 for both our Olefins and Vinyls segments even with a precipitous decline in global crude oil prices, which resulted in lower selling prices for our major products," said Albert Chao, President and Chief Executive Officer. "In spite of this lower price environment in 2015, we benefited from strong demand for our polyethylene and PVC products as well as from the investments we have made to increase our ethylene and chlor-alkali capacities and from our acquisitions of Vinnolit and North American Specialty Products, expanding our product portfolio into specialty PVC resin and pipe."
EBITDA (earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization) of $251.2 million for the fourth quarter of 2015 decreased by $104.1 million compared to EBITDA of $355.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2014. EBITDA for the fourth quarter of 2015 decreased by $66.7 million compared to EBITDA of $317.9 million in the third quarter of 2015. A reconciliation of EBITDA to reported net income and to net cash provided by operating activities can be found in the financial schedules at the end of this press release.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $1,078.8 million in 2015. Capital expenditures for 2015 were $491.4 million. As of December 31, 2015 we had cash and marketable securities of $1,182.7 million and our long-term debt was $764.1 million.
OLEFINS SEGMENT
The Olefins segment reported income from operations of $138.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2015, a decrease of $104.9 million compared to $243.6 million reported in the fourth quarter of 2014. This decrease was mainly attributable to lower olefins integrated product margins resulting from lower sales prices, partially offset by lower feedstock and energy costs, and higher sales volumes for polyethylene and styrene. In addition, income from operations in the fourth quarter of 2015 was negatively impacted by the costs and lost production associated with several polyethylene turnarounds.
The Olefins segment reported income from operations of $138.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2015, a decrease of $58.0 million from the $196.7 million reported in the third quarter of 2015. This decrease was primarily attributable to lower olefins integrated products margins primarily as a result of lower sales prices and lower sales volumes, partially offset by lower feedstock and energy costs. Additionally, fourth quarter 2015 results were negatively impacted by several polyethylene turnarounds.
The Olefins segment reported income from operations of $747.4 million in 2015 as compared to $1,013.8 million in 2014. This decrease was predominantly attributable to lower olefins integrated product margins, primarily as a result of lower sales prices, partially offset by higher sales volumes and lower feedstock and energy costs for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to 2014.
VINYLS SEGMENT
The Vinyls segment reported income from operations of $51.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to income from operations of $66.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2014, a decrease of $14.7 million. This decrease was mainly attributable to lower sales prices for our major vinyls products, partially offset by higher sales volumes and lower feedstock and energy costs.
The Vinyls segment reported income from operations of $51.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2015, a decrease of $16.2 million compared to income from operations of $67.8 million in the third quarter of 2015. This decrease was mainly the result of lower sales volumes and lower sales prices for all of our major products, partially offset by lower feedstock and energy costs.
The Vinyls segment reported income from operations of $254.5 million in 2015 as compared to $142.7 million in 2014. This increase was primarily driven by higher vinyls integrated product margins for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly attributable to the contribution from Vinnolit for the full year 2015, lower feedstock costs and increased production at our Calvert City facilities following the completion of the feedstock conversion and ethylene expansion project and higher caustic soda sales volume primarily attributable to higher production rates at our Geismar chlor-alkali plant, as compared to 2014. The increase in income from operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 was partially offset by lost sales, lower production rates and other costs associated with the turnarounds at our various North American and European facilities, lower sales prices for our major products and reduced sales volume in Europe related to an ethylene shortage. Income from operations for 2014 was negatively impacted by the lost sales, lower production rates and other costs associated with the turnaround at our Calvert City facilities.

ii



The statements in this release and the related teleconference relating to matters that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially, based on factors including, but not limited to: general economic and business conditions; the cyclical nature of the chemical industry; availability, cost and volatility of raw materials and utilities, including natural gas from shale production; the price of crude oil; uncertainties associated with the United States and worldwide economies, including those due to global economic and financial conditions; governmental regulatory actions, including environmental regulation; political unrest; industry production capacity and operating rates; the supply/demand balance for Westlake's products; competitive products and pricing pressures; access to capital markets; technological developments; the effect and results of litigation and settlements of litigation; operating interruptions; and other risk factors. For more detailed information about the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, please refer to Westlake's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, which was filed with the SEC in February 2015, and the risk factors in our other filings with the SEC.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This release makes reference to certain "non-GAAP" financial measures, such as EBITDA, as defined in Regulation G of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We report our financial results in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"), but believe that certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as EBITDA, provide useful supplemental information to investors regarding the underlying business trends and performance of the company's ongoing operations and are useful for period-over-period comparisons of such operations. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, the financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A reconciliation of EBITDA to reported net income and to net cash provided by operating activities can be found in the financial schedules at the end of this press release.

Westlake Chemical Corporation Conference Call Information:
A conference call to discuss Westlake Chemical Corporation's fourth quarter and full-year 2015 results will be held Tuesday, February 23, 2016 at 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time (10:00 a.m. Central Time). To access the conference call, dial (855) 760-8160, or (704) 288-0624 for international callers, approximately 10 minutes prior to the scheduled start time and reference passcode 42581110.
A replay of the conference call will be available beginning two hours after its conclusion until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on Tuesday, March 1, 2016. To hear a replay, dial (855) 859-2056, or (404) 537-3406 for international callers. The replay passcode is 42581110.
The conference call will also be available via webcast at: http://edge.media-server.com/m/p/rg8achae and the earnings release can be obtained via the company's web page at: http://www.westlake.com/fw/main/IR_Home_Page-123.html


iii




WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands of dollars, except per share data)
Net sales
 
$
986,766

 
$
1,135,871

 
$
4,463,336

 
$
4,415,350

Cost of sales
 
750,578

 
773,022

 
3,278,145

 
3,098,000

Gross profit
 
236,188

 
362,849

 
1,185,191

 
1,317,350

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
55,043

 
60,462

 
225,364

 
193,359

Income from operations
 
181,145

 
302,387

 
959,827

 
1,123,991

Interest expense
 
(7,896
)
 
(9,170
)
 
(34,656
)
 
(37,352
)
Other income (expense), net
 
4,480

 
(7,161
)
 
38,270

 
(2,721
)
Income before income taxes
 
177,729

 
286,056

 
963,441

 
1,083,918

Provision for income taxes
 
61,572

 
98,671

 
298,396

 
398,902

Net income
 
116,157

 
187,385

 
665,045

 
685,016

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
5,188

 
4,094

 
19,035

 
6,493

Net income attributable to
   Westlake Chemical Corporation
 
$
110,969

 
$
183,291

 
$
646,010

 
$
678,523

Earnings per common share attributable to
   Westlake Chemical Corporation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
0.85

 
$
1.38

 
$
4.88

 
$
5.09

Diluted
 
$
0.84

 
$
1.37

 
$
4.86

 
$
5.07


iv




WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
 
 
December 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands of dollars)
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
662,525

 
$
880,601

Marketable securities
 
520,144

 

Accounts receivable, net
 
508,532

 
560,666

Inventories
 
434,060

 
525,776

Other current assets
 
49,928

 
44,244

Total current assets
 
2,175,189

 
2,011,287

Property, plant and equipment, net
 
3,004,067

 
2,757,557

Other assets, net
 
395,996

 
445,146

Total assets
 
$
5,575,252

 
$
5,213,990

 
 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities (accounts payable and accrued liabilities)
 
$
522,642

 
$
537,180

Long-term debt
 
764,115

 
763,997

Other liabilities
 
726,564

 
710,925

Total liabilities
 
2,013,321

 
2,012,102

Total Westlake Chemical Corporation stockholders' equity
 
3,265,878

 
2,911,511

Noncontrolling interests
 
296,053

 
290,377

Total equity
 
3,561,931

 
3,201,888

Total liabilities and equity
 
$
5,575,252

 
$
5,213,990


v




WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands of dollars)
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
665,045

 
$
685,016

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
245,757

 
208,486

Deferred income taxes
 
39,784

 
58,967

Other balance sheet changes
 
128,250

 
79,907

Net cash provided by operating activities
 
1,078,836

 
1,032,376

Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
 
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired
 
15,782

 
(611,087
)
Additions to property, plant and equipment
 
(491,426
)
 
(431,104
)
Proceeds from disposition of equity method investment
 
27,865

 

Proceeds from repayment of loan acquired
 

 
45,923

Proceeds from sales and maturities of securities
 
48,900

 
342,045

Purchase of securities
 
(605,098
)
 
(117,332
)
Other, net
 
(2,199
)
 
(1,650
)
Net cash used for investing activities
 
(1,006,176
)
 
(773,205
)
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
 
Capitalized debt issuance costs
 

 
(1,186
)
Dividends paid
 
(91,551
)
 
(77,656
)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
(14,856
)
 
(2,204
)
Net proceeds from issuance of Westlake Chemical Partners LP common units
 

 
286,088

Proceeds from exercise of stock options
 
1,063

 
5,524

Proceeds from issuance of notes payable
 
52,960

 

Repayment of notes payable
 
(73,615
)
 

Repurchase of common stock for treasury
 
(162,459
)
 
(52,630
)
Other, net
 
1,646

 
6,704

Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities
 
(286,812
)
 
164,640

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 
(3,924
)
 
(4,511
)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
 
(218,076
)
 
419,300

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year
 
880,601

 
461,301

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year
 
$
662,525

 
$
880,601


vi




WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
SEGMENT INFORMATION
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands of dollars)
Net external sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Olefins
 
$
468,061

 
$
598,742

 
$
2,260,113

 
$
2,723,690

Vinyls
 
518,705

 
537,129

 
2,203,223

 
1,691,660

 
 
$
986,766

 
$
1,135,871

 
$
4,463,336

 
$
4,415,350

Income (loss) from operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Olefins
 
$
138,692

 
$
243,558

 
$
747,436

 
$
1,013,825

Vinyls
 
51,621

 
66,280

 
254,452

 
142,740

Corporate and other
 
(9,168
)
 
(7,451
)
 
(42,061
)
 
(32,574
)
 
 
$
181,145

 
$
302,387

 
$
959,827

 
$
1,123,991

Depreciation and amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Olefins
 
$
28,444

 
$
26,433

 
$
110,684

 
$
106,244

Vinyls
 
36,931

 
33,539

 
134,546

 
101,666

Corporate and other
 
153

 
120

 
527

 
576

 
 
$
65,528

 
$
60,092

 
$
245,757

 
$
208,486

Other income (expense), net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Olefins
 
$
886

 
$
1,840

 
$
4,656

 
$
6,102

Vinyls
 
1,612

 
1,737

 
8,540

 
2,680

Corporate and other
 
1,982

 
(10,738
)
 
25,074

 
(11,503
)
 
 
$
4,480

 
$
(7,161
)
 
$
38,270

 
$
(2,721
)

vii




WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
RECONCILIATION OF EBITDA TO NET INCOME AND
TO NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
 
 
2015
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands of dollars)
EBITDA
 
$
317,912

 
$
251,153

 
$
355,318

 
$
1,243,854

 
$
1,329,756

Less:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for income taxes
 
60,033

 
61,572

 
98,671

 
298,396

 
398,902

Interest expense
 
8,211

 
7,896

 
9,170

 
34,656

 
37,352

Depreciation and amortization
 
61,248

 
65,528

 
60,092

 
245,757

 
208,486

Net income
 
188,420

 
116,157

 
187,385

 
665,045

 
685,016

Changes in operating assets and liabilities
 
213,028

 
89,180

 
44,359

 
374,007

 
288,393

Deferred income taxes
 
4,497

 
32,199

 
24,508

 
39,784

 
58,967

Net cash provided by operating activities
 
$
405,945

 
$
237,536

 
$
256,252

 
$
1,078,836

 
$
1,032,376


viii




WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
Product Sales Price and Volume Variance by Operating Segments
 
 
Fourth Quarter 2015 vs. Fourth Quarter 2014
 
Fourth Quarter 2015 vs. Third Quarter 2015
 
 
Average
Sales Price
 
Volume
 
Average
Sales Price
 
Volume
Olefins
 
-31.4
 %
 
+9.5
%
 
-10.5
 %
 
-9.9
 %
Vinyls
 
-15.8
 %
 
+12.4
%
 
-6.4
 %
 
-7.1
 %
Company
 
-24.0
 %
 
+10.9
%
 
-8.5
 %
 
-8.5
 %

Average Quarterly Industry Prices (1) 
 
 
Quarter Ended
 
 
December 31,
2014
 
March 31,
2015
 
June 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2015
 
December 31,
2015
Ethane (cents/lb)
 
7.0
 
6.3
 
6.2
 
6.4
 
5.9
Propane (cents/lb)
 
18.1
 
12.6
 
10.8
 
9.6
 
9.9
Ethylene (cents/lb) (2)
 
56.2
 
36.6
 
36.1
 
28.2
 
21.4
Polyethylene (cents/lb) (3)
 
87.7
 
76.7
 
78.3
 
75.3
 
71.0
Styrene (cents/lb) (4)
 
73.5
 
54.3
 
65.8
 
64.2
 
58.3
Caustic soda ($/short ton) (5)
 
595.0
 
588.3
 
576.7
 
563.3
 
595.8
Chlorine ($/short ton) (6)
 
232.5
 
239.2
 
268.3
 
275.0
 
285.0
PVC (cents/lb) (7)
 
69.2
 
65.5
 
67.5
 
66.5
 
64.5
________________
(1)
Industry pricing data was obtained from IHS Chemical. We have not independently verified the data.
(2)
Represents average North American spot prices of ethylene over the period as reported by IHS Chemical.
(3)
Represents average North American contract prices of polyethylene low density GP-Film grade over the period as reported by IHS Chemical. Effective January 1, 2015, IHS Chemical made a non-market downward adjustment of 21 cents per pound to polyethylene low density GP-Film grade prices. For comparability, we adjusted each prior-year period's polyethylene low density GP-Film grade price downward by 21 cents per pound consistent with the IHS Chemical non-market adjustment.
(4)
Represents average North American contract prices of styrene over the period as reported by IHS Chemical.
(5)
Represents average North American undiscounted contract prices of caustic soda over the period as reported by IHS Chemical.
(6)
Represents average North American contract prices of chlorine (into chemicals) over the period as reported by IHS Chemical.
(7)
Represents average North American contract prices of PVC over the period as reported by IHS Chemical.


ix