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Section 2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders may be called upon the written request of the chairman of the board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president, the directors by action at a meeting, a majority of the directors acting without a meeting, or of the holders of stock entitling them to exercise a majority of the voting power of the Corporation entitled to vote thereat. Calls for such meetings shall specify the purposes thereof. No business other than that specified in the call shall be considered at any special meeting.

Section 3. Notices of Meetings. Unless waived, and except as otherwise required by law, written notice of each annual or special meeting stating the date, time, place and purposes thereof shall be given by personal delivery or by mail to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at or entitled to notice of the meeting, not more than sixty days nor less than ten days before any such meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be directed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address as the same appears upon the records of the Corporation. Any stockholder, either before or after any meeting, may waive any notice required to be given by law or under these Bylaws.

Section 5. Quorum. The holders of stock entitling them to exercise a majority of the voting power of the Corporation entitled to vote at any meeting, present in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business to be considered at such meeting; provided, however, that no action required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws to be authorized or taken by the holders of a designated proportion of the stock of any particular class or of each class may be authorized or taken by a lesser proportion; and provided, further, that if a separate class vote is required with respect to any matter, the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock of such class, present in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum of such class, and the affirmative vote of the majority of stock of such class so present shall be the act of such class. The holders of a majority of the voting stock represented at a

Section 6. Record Date. The board of directors may fix a record date for any lawful purpose, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the determination of stockholders entitled to (i) receive notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, (ii) receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or (iii) exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock. Such record date shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors. Such record date shall not be more than sixty days nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days before the date fixed for the payment of any dividend or distribution or the date fixed for the receipt or the exercise of rights, nor more than ten days after the date on which the resolution fixing the record date for such written consent is adopted by the board of directors, as the case may be.

Section 5. Vacancies. Vacancies in the board of directors may be filled by a majority vote of the remaining directors until an election to fill such vacancies is held. Stockholders entitled to elect directors shall have the right to fill any vacancy in the board (whether the same has been temporarily filled by the remaining directors or not) at any meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose, and any directors elected at any such meeting of stockholders shall serve until the next annual election of directors and until such director’s successor has been elected and qualified.

Section 6. Quorum and Transaction of Business. A majority of the whole authorized number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except that a majority of the directors in office shall constitute a quorum for filling a vacancy on the board. Whenever less than a quorum is present at the time and place appointed for any meeting of the board, a majority of those directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, until a quorum shall be present. The act of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board.

Section 7. Annual Meeting. Annual meetings of the board of directors shall be held immediately following annual meetings of the stockholders, or as soon thereafter as is practicable. If no annual meeting of the stockholders is held, or if directors are not elected thereat, then the annual meeting of the board of directors shall be held immediately following any special meeting of the stockholders at which directors are elected, or as soon thereafter as is practicable. If such annual meeting of directors is held immediately following a meeting of the stockholders, it shall be held at the same place at which such stockholders’ meeting was held.

Section 10. Notice of Annual or Special Meetings. Notice of the time and place of each annual or special meeting shall be given to each director by the secretary or by the person or persons calling such meeting. Such notice need not specify the purpose or purposes of the meeting and may be given in any manner or method and at such time so that the director receiving it may have a reasonable opportunity to attend the meeting. Such notice shall, in all events, be deemed to have been properly and duly given if mailed at least three days prior to the meeting and directed to the residence of each director as shown upon the secretary’s records.

Section 11. Compensation. The directors, as such, shall be entitled to receive such reasonable compensation, if any, for their services as may be fixed from time to time by resolution of the board, and expenses of attendance, if any, may be allowed for attendance at each annual, regular or special meeting of the board. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Directors who serve on the executive committee or on any standing or special committee may, by resolution of the board, be allowed such compensation for their services as the board may deem reasonable, and additional compensation may be allowed to directors for special services rendered.

Section 1. Executive Committee. The board of directors may from time to time, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, create an executive committee of one or more directors, the members of which shall be elected by the board of directors to serve during the pleasure of the board. If the board of directors does not designate a chairman of the executive committee, the executive committee shall elect a chairman from its own number. Except as otherwise provided herein, prohibited by law or in the resolution creating an executive committee, such committee shall, during the intervals between the meetings of the board of directors, possess and may exercise all of the powers of the board of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, other than that of filling vacancies among the directors or in any committee of the directors. The executive committee shall keep full records and accounts of its proceedings and transactions. All action by the executive committee shall be reported to the board of directors at its meeting next succeeding such action and shall be subject to control, revision and alteration by the board of directors, provided that no rights of third persons shall be prejudicially affected thereby. Vacancies in the executive committee shall be filled by the directors, and the directors may appoint one or more directors as alternate members of the committee who may take the place of any absent member or members at any meeting.

Section 2. Meetings of Executive Committee. Subject to the provisions of these Bylaws, the executive committee shall fix its own rules of procedure and shall meet as provided by such rules or by resolutions of the board of directors, and it shall also meet at the call of the chairman of the board, the chief executive officer, the president, the chairman of the executive committee or any two members of the committee. Unless otherwise provided by such rules or by such resolutions, the provisions of Section 10 of Article II relating to the notice required to be given of meetings of the board of directors shall also apply to meetings of the members of the executive committee. A majority of the executive committee shall be necessary to constitute a quorum. The executive committee may act in writing without a meeting, but no such action of the executive committee shall be effective unless concurred in by all members of the committee.

Section 3. Other Committees. The board of directors may by resolution provide for such other standing or special committees as it deems desirable, and discontinue the same at its pleasure. Each such committee shall have such powers and perform such duties, not inconsistent with law, as may be delegated to it by the board of directors. The provisions of Section 1 and Section 2 of this Article shall govern the appointment and action of such committees so far as consistent, unless otherwise provided by the board of directors. Vacancies in such committees shall be filled by the board of directors or as the board of directors may provide.

Section 1. General Provisions. The board of directors shall elect officers, which shall include a president, a secretary and a treasurer. The board of directors may also elect a chairman of the board of directors, a chief executive officer, such number of vice presidents, if any, may create such offices and appoint such other officers, subordinate officers and assistant officers as it may from time to time determine. The chairman of the board, if one is elected, shall be, but the other officers need not be, chosen from among the members of the board of directors. Any two or more of such offices may be held by the same person.

Section 2. Term of Office. The officers of the Corporation shall hold office during the pleasure of the board of directors, and, unless sooner removed by the board of directors, until the annual meeting of the board of directors following the date of their election and until their successors are chosen and qualified. The board of directors may remove any officer at any time, with or without cause. A vacancy in any office, however created, shall be filled by the board of directors.

Section 2. Chief Executive Officer. The chief executive officer, if any, shall have, subject to the powers of the board of directors, charge of the overall general direction of the business and affairs of the Corporation, control of the general policies relating to all aspects of the Corporation’s business operations, and the power to fix the compensation of officers and the power to remove officers. In the absence of the chairman of the board, or if none is elected, the chief executive officer shall preside at meetings of stockholders. The chief executive officer may appoint and discharge agents and employees and perform such other duties as are incident to such office. The chief executive officer shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or as may be provided in these Bylaws. In

Section 3. President. The president shall be the chief operating officer of the Corporation and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or the chief executive officer. The president shall have authority to sign all certificates for stock and all deeds, mortgages, bonds, agreements, notes, and other instruments requiring the president’s signature; and shall have all the powers and duties prescribed by law and such others as the board of directors may from time to time assign.

Section 4. Vice Presidents. The vice presidents, if any, shall have such powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to them by the board of directors, the chief executive officer or the president. At the request of the chief executive officer or the president, or in the case of such officer’s absence or disability, the vice president designated by the president (or in the absence of such designation, the vice president designated by the board) shall perform all the duties of the president and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of the president. The authority of vice presidents to sign in the name of the Corporation certificates for stock and deeds, mortgages, bonds, agreements, notes and other instruments shall be coordinate with like authority of the president.

Section 5. Secretary. The secretary shall keep minutes of all the proceedings of the stockholders and the board of directors and shall make proper record of the same, which shall be attested by the secretary; shall have authority to execute and deliver certificates as to any of such proceedings and any other records of the Corporation; shall have authority to sign all certificates for stock and all deeds, mortgages, bonds, agreements, notes and other instruments to be executed by the Corporation which require the secretary’s signature; shall give notice of meetings of stockholders and directors; shall produce on request at each meeting of stockholders a certified list of stockholders arranged in alphabetical order; shall keep such books and records as may be required by law or by the board of directors; and, in general, shall perform all duties incident to the office of secretary and such other duties as may from time to time be assigned by the board of directors, the chief executive officer or the president.

Section 6. Treasurer. The treasurer shall have general supervision of all finances; shall have in charge all money, bills, notes, deeds, leases, mortgages and similar property belonging to the Corporation, and shall do with the same as may from time to time be required by the board of directors. The treasurer shall cause to be kept adequate and correct accounts of the business transactions of the Corporation, including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, stated capital and stock, together with such other accounts as may be required; and shall have such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned by the board of directors, the chief executive officer or the president.

Section 1. Nature of Indemnity. Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he (or a person of whom he is the legal representative), is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent to which it is empowered to do so by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment) against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such proceeding and such indemnification shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 2 of this Article VI, the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding initiated by such person only if such proceeding was authorized by the board of directors of the Corporation. The right to indemnification conferred in this Article VI shall be a contract right and, subject to Sections 2 and 5 of this Article VI, shall include the right to payment by the Corporation of the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition. The Corporation may, by action of the board of directors, provide indemnification to employees and agents of the Corporation with the same scope and effect as the foregoing indemnification of directors and officers.

Section 2. Procedure for Indemnification of Directors and Officers. Any indemnification of a director or officer of the Corporation under Section 1 of this Article VI or advance of expenses under Section 5 of this Article VI shall be made promptly, and in any event within thirty days, upon the written request of the director or officer. If a determination by the Corporation that the director or officer is entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article VI is required, and the Corporation fails to respond within sixty days to a written request for indemnity, the Corporation shall be deemed to have approved the request. If the Corporation denies a written request for indemnification or advancing of expenses, in whole or in part, or if payment in full pursuant to such request is not made within thirty days, the right to indemnification or advances as granted by this Article VI shall be enforceable by the director or

officer in any court of competent jurisdiction. Such person's costs and expenses incurred in connection with successfully establishing his right to indemnification, in whole or in part, in any such action shall also be indemnified by the Corporation. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any, has been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of such defense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including the board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

Section 4. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on its own behalf and on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of the Corporation or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under this Article VI.

Section 5. Expenses. Expenses incurred by any person described in Section 1 of this Article VI in defending a proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of such proceeding’s final disposition unless otherwise determined by the board of directors in the specific case upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation. Such expenses incurred by other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the board of directors deems appropriate.

Section 7. Contract Rights. The provisions of this Article VI shall be deemed to be a contract right between the Corporation and each director or officer who serves in any such capacity at any time while this Article VI and the relevant provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or other applicable law are in effect, and any repeal or modification of this Article VI or any such law shall not affect any rights or obligations then existing with respect to any state of facts or proceeding then existing.

Section 8. Merger or Consolidation. For purposes of this Article VI, references to "the Corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this Article VI with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

Section 1. Form and Execution. Certificates for stock, certifying the number of full-paid shares owned, shall be issued to each stockholder in such form as shall be approved by the board of directors. Such certificates shall be signed by any two of the following officers of the Corporation: the chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president, a vice president, the treasurer, an assistant treasurer, the secretary or an assistant secretary; provided, however, that the signatures of any of such officers and the seal of the Corporation upon such certificates may be facsimiles, engraved, stamped or printed. If any officer or officers who shall have signed, or whose facsimile signature shall have been used, printed or stamped on any certificate or certificates for stock, shall cease to be such officer or officers, because of death, resignation or otherwise, before such certificate or certificates shall have been delivered by the Corporation, such certificate or certificates shall nevertheless be as effective in all respects as though signed by a duly elected, qualified and authorized officer or officers, and as though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates, or whose facsimile signature or signatures shall have been used thereon, had not ceased to be an officer or officers of the Corporation.

Section 3. Lost, Destroyed or Stolen Certificates. A new stock certificate or certificates may be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation which is alleged to have been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken upon (i) the execution and delivery to the Corporation by the person claiming the certificate to have been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken of an affidavit of that fact, specifying whether or not, at the time of such alleged loss, destruction or taking, the certificate was endorsed, and (ii) the furnishing to the Corporation of indemnity and other assurances, if any, satisfactory to the Corporation and to all transfer agents and registrars of the class of stock represented by the certificate against any and all losses, damages, costs, expenses or liabilities to which they or any of them may be subjected by reason of the issue and delivery of such new certificate or certificates or in respect of the original certificate.

Section 4. Registered Stockholders. A person in whose name stock is of record on the books of the Corporation shall conclusively be deemed the unqualified owner and holder thereof for all purposes and to have capacity to exercise all rights of ownership. Neither the Corporation nor any transfer agent of the Corporation shall be bound to recognize any equitable interest in or claim to such stock on the part of any other person, whether disclosed upon such certificate or otherwise, nor shall they be obliged to see to the execution of any trust or obligation.

These Bylaws shall be subject to alteration, amendment, repeal, or the adoption of new Bylaws either by the affirmative vote of a majority of the board of directors or by written consent of all members of the board of directors, or by the affirmative vote or written consent of the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding stock of the Corporation, present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote in respect thereof, given at an annual meeting or at any special meeting at which a quorum shall be present.