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Segment Reporting (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2019
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Total interest income $ 238,945 $ 239,948 $ 736,319 $ 671,995  
Interest expense 172,488 180,175 551,221 487,174  
Net interest income 66,457 59,773 185,098 184,821  
Less provision for loan losses 10,000 10,500 26,000 18,000  
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 56,457 49,273 159,098 166,821  
Other income:          
Intersegment servicing revenue 0 0 0 0  
Other income 13,439 16,673 38,658 44,808  
Derivative settlements, net 7,298 22,324 39,306 51,018  
Derivative market value adjustments, net (5,630) (5,226) (73,265) 49,909  
Total other income 219,114 216,577 607,391 671,699  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 30,907 23,397 77,697 55,979  
Operating expenses:          
Salaries and benefits 116,670 114,172 338,942 321,932  
Depreciation and amortization 27,701 22,992 76,398 62,943  
Loan servicing fees to third parties 3,382 3,087 9,431 9,428  
Other expenses 54,947 45,194 138,131 119,020  
Intersegment expenses, net 0 0 0 0  
Total operating expenses 202,700 185,445 562,902 513,323  
Income before income taxes 41,964 57,008 125,890 269,218  
Income tax (expense) benefit (8,829) (13,882) (26,429) (63,369)  
Net income 33,135 43,126 99,461 205,849  
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 77 (199) (38) 438  
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. 33,212 42,927 99,423 206,287  
Total assets 23,936,719 25,104,925 23,936,719 25,104,925 $ 25,220,968
Operating Segments | Loan Servicing and Systems          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Total interest income 532 381 1,579 931  
Interest expense 51 0 70 0  
Net interest income 481 381 1,509 931  
Less provision for loan losses 0 0 0 0  
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 481 381 1,509 931  
Other income:          
Intersegment servicing revenue 11,611 12,290 35,426 34,670  
Other income 2,291 1,948 6,642 5,196  
Derivative settlements, net 0 0 0 0  
Derivative market value adjustments, net 0 0 0 0  
Total other income 127,188 126,817 384,237 367,131  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Operating expenses:          
Salaries and benefits 69,209 70,440 201,924 198,411  
Depreciation and amortization 8,565 8,957 26,236 23,237  
Loan servicing fees to third parties 0 0 0 0  
Other expenses 16,686 19,638 52,732 51,591  
Intersegment expenses, net 12,955 15,029 40,317 43,968  
Total operating expenses 107,415 114,064 321,209 317,207  
Income before income taxes 20,254 13,134 64,537 50,855  
Income tax (expense) benefit (4,861) (3,152) (15,489) (12,399)  
Net income 15,393 9,982 49,048 38,456  
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 0 0 0 808  
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. 15,393 9,982 49,048 39,264  
Total assets 222,606 276,153 222,606 276,153  
Operating Segments | Education Technology, Services, and Payment Processing          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Total interest income 3,499 1,513 7,175 2,927  
Interest expense 12 3 32 3  
Net interest income 3,487 1,510 7,143 2,924  
Less provision for loan losses 0 0 0 0  
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 3,487 1,510 7,143 2,924  
Other income:          
Intersegment servicing revenue 0 0 0 0  
Other income 0 0 0 0  
Derivative settlements, net 0 0 0 0  
Derivative market value adjustments, net 0 0 0 0  
Total other income 74,251 58,409 213,753 167,372  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 25,671 19,087 62,601 44,087  
Operating expenses:          
Salaries and benefits 23,826 19,972 69,656 58,552  
Depreciation and amortization 2,997 3,435 9,832 10,062  
Loan servicing fees to third parties 0 0 0 0  
Other expenses 5,325 4,943 16,440 14,950  
Intersegment expenses, net 3,194 2,494 9,642 7,630  
Total operating expenses 35,342 30,844 105,570 91,194  
Income before income taxes 16,725 9,988 52,725 35,015  
Income tax (expense) benefit (4,014) (2,397) (12,654) (8,404)  
Net income 12,711 7,591 40,071 26,611  
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 0 0 0 0  
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. 12,711 7,591 40,071 26,611  
Total assets 413,076 243,497 413,076 243,497  
Operating Segments | Communications          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Total interest income 0 1 3 3  
Interest expense 0 4,174 0 9,987  
Net interest income 0 (4,173) 3 (9,984)  
Less provision for loan losses 0 0 0 0  
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 0 (4,173) 3 (9,984)  
Other income:          
Intersegment servicing revenue 0 0 0 0  
Other income 532 950 1,019 950  
Derivative settlements, net 0 0 0 0  
Derivative market value adjustments, net 0 0 0 0  
Total other income 17,002 12,768 47,789 32,277  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 5,236 4,310 15,096 11,892  
Operating expenses:          
Salaries and benefits 5,763 4,554 15,692 13,284  
Depreciation and amortization 10,926 6,167 26,025 16,585  
Loan servicing fees to third parties 0 0 0 0  
Other expenses 3,842 3,151 11,184 8,811  
Intersegment expenses, net 701 598 2,081 1,802  
Total operating expenses 21,232 14,470 54,982 40,482  
Income before income taxes (9,466) (10,185) (22,286) (30,081)  
Income tax (expense) benefit 2,272 2,444 5,349 7,220  
Net income (7,194) (7,741) (16,937) (22,861)  
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 0 0 0 0  
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. (7,194) (7,741) (16,937) (22,861)  
Total assets 306,743 271,370 306,743 271,370  
Operating Segments | Asset Generation and Management          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Total interest income 233,225 236,039 723,388 662,881  
Interest expense 171,485 176,874 544,319 480,729  
Net interest income 61,740 59,165 179,069 182,152  
Less provision for loan losses 10,000 10,500 26,000 18,000  
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 51,740 48,665 153,069 164,152  
Other income:          
Intersegment servicing revenue 0 0 0 0  
Other income 3,384 3,267 11,796 9,391  
Derivative settlements, net 7,298 22,448 39,306 51,428  
Derivative market value adjustments, net (5,630) (6,056) (73,265) 47,070  
Total other income 5,052 19,659 (22,163) 107,889  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Operating expenses:          
Salaries and benefits 394 424 1,153 1,183  
Depreciation and amortization 0 0 0 0  
Loan servicing fees to third parties 3,382 3,087 9,431 9,428  
Other expenses 15,672 845 19,667 2,982  
Intersegment expenses, net 11,678 12,378 35,630 34,943  
Total operating expenses 31,126 16,734 65,881 48,536  
Income before income taxes 25,666 51,590 65,025 223,505  
Income tax (expense) benefit (6,160) (12,381) (15,606) (53,641)  
Net income 19,506 39,209 49,419 169,864  
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 0 0 0 0  
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. 19,506 39,209 49,419 169,864  
Total assets 22,520,688 23,927,156 22,520,688 23,927,156  
Operating Segments | Corporate and Other Activities          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Total interest income 2,859 6,860 7,170 17,673  
Interest expense 2,110 3,968 9,796 8,875  
Net interest income 749 2,892 (2,626) 8,798  
Less provision for loan losses 0 0 0 0  
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 749 2,892 (2,626) 8,798  
Other income:          
Intersegment servicing revenue 0 0 0 0  
Other income 7,231 10,508 19,200 29,272  
Derivative settlements, net 0 (124) 0 (410)  
Derivative market value adjustments, net 0 830 0 2,839  
Total other income 7,231 11,214 19,200 31,701  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Operating expenses:          
Salaries and benefits 17,479 18,782 50,517 50,502  
Depreciation and amortization 5,212 4,433 14,305 13,058  
Loan servicing fees to third parties 0 0 0 0  
Other expenses 13,422 16,616 38,107 40,686  
Intersegment expenses, net (16,917) (18,208) (52,244) (53,672)  
Total operating expenses 19,196 21,623 50,685 50,574  
Income before income taxes (11,216) (7,517) (34,111) (10,075)  
Income tax (expense) benefit 3,935 1,604 11,971 3,855  
Net income (7,281) (5,913) (22,140) (6,220)  
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 77 (199) (38) (371)  
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. (7,204) (6,112) (22,178) (6,591)  
Total assets 685,998 723,985 685,998 723,985  
Eliminations          
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]          
Total interest income (1,171) (4,846) (2,995) (12,420)  
Interest expense (1,171) (4,846) (2,995) (12,420)  
Net interest income 0 0 0 0  
Less provision for loan losses 0 0 0 0  
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 0 0 0 0  
Other income:          
Intersegment servicing revenue (11,611) (12,290) (35,426) (34,670)  
Other income 0 0 0 0  
Derivative settlements, net 0 0 0 0  
Derivative market value adjustments, net 0 0 0 0  
Total other income (11,611) (12,290) (35,426) (34,670)  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Operating expenses:          
Salaries and benefits 0 0 0 0  
Depreciation and amortization 0 0 0 0  
Loan servicing fees to third parties 0 0 0 0  
Other expenses 0 0 0 0  
Intersegment expenses, net (11,611) (12,290) (35,426) (34,670)  
Total operating expenses (11,611) (12,290) (35,426) (34,670)  
Income before income taxes 0 0 0 0  
Income tax (expense) benefit 0 0 0 0  
Net income 0 0 0 0  
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 0 0 0 0  
Net income attributable to Nelnet, Inc. 0 0 0 0  
Total assets (212,392) (337,236) (212,392) (337,236)  
Loan servicing and systems revenue          
Other income:          
Revenue 113,286 112,579 342,169 327,265  
Loan servicing and systems revenue | Operating Segments | Loan Servicing and Systems          
Other income:          
Revenue 113,286 112,579 342,169 327,265  
Loan servicing and systems revenue | Operating Segments | Education Technology, Services, and Payment Processing          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Loan servicing and systems revenue | Operating Segments | Communications          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Loan servicing and systems revenue | Operating Segments | Asset Generation and Management          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Loan servicing and systems revenue | Operating Segments | Corporate and Other Activities          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Loan servicing and systems revenue | Eliminations          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Education technology, services, and payment processing revenue          
Other income:          
Revenue 74,251 58,409 213,753 167,372  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 25,671 19,087 62,601 44,087  
Education technology, services, and payment processing revenue | Operating Segments | Loan Servicing and Systems          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Education technology, services, and payment processing revenue | Operating Segments | Education Technology, Services, and Payment Processing          
Other income:          
Revenue 74,251 58,409 213,753 167,372  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 25,671 19,087 62,601 44,087  
Education technology, services, and payment processing revenue | Operating Segments | Communications          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Education technology, services, and payment processing revenue | Operating Segments | Asset Generation and Management          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Education technology, services, and payment processing revenue | Operating Segments | Corporate and Other Activities          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Education technology, services, and payment processing revenue | Eliminations          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Communications          
Other income:          
Revenue 16,470 11,818 46,770 31,327  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 5,236 4,310 15,096 11,892  
Communications | Operating Segments | Loan Servicing and Systems          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Communications | Operating Segments | Education Technology, Services, and Payment Processing          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Communications | Operating Segments | Communications          
Other income:          
Revenue 16,470 11,818 46,770 31,327  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 5,236 4,310 15,096 11,892  
Communications | Operating Segments | Asset Generation and Management          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Communications | Operating Segments | Corporate and Other Activities          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services 0 0 0 0  
Communications | Eliminations          
Other income:          
Revenue 0 0 0 0  
Cost of services:          
Total cost of services $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0