EX-99.1 3 d69100exv99w1.htm EX-99.1 exv99w1
EXHIBIT 99.1
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
     The following sets forth our selected consolidated financial and operating information on a historical basis and should be read together with “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, which are included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
                                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006     2005     2004  
    (in thousands, except per share amounts)  
Statements of Operations Data:
                                       
Total revenue
  $ 1,172,856     $ 1,007,801     $ 401,222     $ 254,638     $ 94,391  
Total operating expenses
  $ 1,012,528     $ 868,950     $ 332,965     $ 206,154     $ 80,346  
Operating income
  $ 160,328     $ 138,851     $ 68,257     $ 48,484     $ 14,045  
Income/(loss) from continuing operations
  $ 91,382     $ (1,708 )   $ 30,992     $ 4,173     $ 2,992  
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations
  $ 54,289     $ 38,146     $ 12,081     $ 7,688     $ (1,275 )
Net income attributable to the Company
  $ 129,194     $ 30,160     $ 37,796     $ 9,437     $ 1,419  
Net income attributable to common stockholders
  $ 102,552     $ 6,170     $ 26,921     $ 134     $ 64  
Diluted income/(loss) per common share:
                                       
Income/(loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders
  $ 0.47     $ (0.26 )   $ 0.25     $ (0.15 )   $ 0.04  
Income from discontinued operations attributable to common stockholders
    0.44       0.31       0.17       0.15       (0.04 )
 
                             
Net income attributable to common stockholders
  $ 0.91     $ 0.05     $ 0.42     $     $  
 
                             
Weighted average diluted common shares
    111,295       105,787       61,713       40,194       25,121  
 
                             
                                         
    At December 31,
    2008   2007   2006   2005   2004
Balance Sheets Data:
                                       
Investments in hotel properties, net
  $ 3,568,215     $ 3,885,737     $ 1,632,946     $ 1,106,668     $ 427,005  
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
  $ 311,403     $ 145,143     $ 82,756     $ 85,837     $ 61,168  
Notes receivable
  $ 212,815     $ 94,225     $ 102,833     $ 107,985     $ 79,662  
Total assets
  $ 4,339,682     $ 4,380,411     $ 2,011,912     $ 1,482,486     $ 595,945  
Total indebtedness — continuing operations
  $ 2,790,364     $ 2,639,546     $ 1,015,555     $ 782,938     $ 292,897  
Total stockholders’ equity of the Company
  $ 1,212,219     $ 1,285,003     $ 641,709     $ 358,323     $ 218,692  
                                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006     2005     2004  
    (in thousands, except per share amounts)  
Other Data:
                                       
Cash provided by operating activities
  $ 144,943     $ 155,737     $ 139,691     $ 56,528     $ 6,652  
Cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
  $ 168,455     $ (1,872,900 )   $ (565,473 )   $ (652,267 )   $ (310,624 )
Cash (used in)/provided by financing activities
  $ (164,072 )   $ 1,736,022     $ 441,130     $ 606,625     $ 274,827  
Cash dividends declared per common share
  $ 0.63     $ 0.84     $ 0.80     $ 0.71     $ 0.45  
EBITDA (unaudited) (1)
  $ 472,836     $ 357,151     $ 138,757     $ 79,346     $ 23,909  
Funds From Operations (unaudited) (FFO) (1)
  $ 240,862     $ 147,680     $ 84,748     $ 32,741     $ 11,076  
 
(1)   A more detailed description and computation of FFO and EBITDA is contained in the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7.

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
     Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements. We believe that the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, representing those policies considered most vital to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult, subjective, and complex judgments.
     Management Agreements — In connection with our acquisitions of Marriott Crystal Gateway hotel in Arlington, Virginia, on July 13, 2006 and the 51-hotel CNL portfolio on April 11, 2007, we assumed certain existing management agreements. Based on our review of these management agreements, we concluded that the terms of certain management agreements are more favorable to the respective managers than typical current market management agreements. As a result, we recorded unfavorable contract liabilities related to these management agreements of $23.4 million as of the respective acquisition dates based on the present value of expected cash outflows over the initial terms of the related agreements. Such unfavorable contract liabilities are being amortized as non-cash reductions to incentive management fees on a straight-line basis over the initial terms of the related agreements. In evaluating unfavorable contract liabilities, our analysis involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.
     Income Taxes — At December 31, 2008, we increased the valuation allowance to approximately $77.2 million to fully offset our net deferred tax asset. As a result of Ashford TRS losses in 2008 and 2007, and the limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code on the utilization of net operating losses of acquired subsidiaries, we believe that it is more likely than not our net deferred tax asset will not be realized, and therefore, have provided a valuation allowance to fully reserve against these amounts. At December 31, 2008, we also recorded a deferred tax liability for the difference in the final purchase price allocation for financial reporting purposes and tax basis for a real estate asset owned in one of our consolidated joint ventures. In addition, at December 31, 2008, Ashford TRS has net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $127.0 million, which are available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2027. The analysis utilized in determining our deferred tax asset valuation allowance involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.
     In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN No. 48”), effective January 1, 2007. FIN No. 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken in a tax return. FIN No. 48 requires that a determination be made as to whether it is “more likely than not” that a tax position taken, based on its technical merits, will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any appeals and litigation processes. If the more-likely-than-not threshold is met, the related tax position must be measured to determine the amount of provision or benefit, if any, to recognize in the financial statements. FIN No. 48 applies to all tax positions related to income taxes subject to FASB Statement No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” but does not apply to tax positions related to FASB Statement No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies.” We and our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states, and in Canada (2008 is final year for Canadian filings). Tax years 2005 through 2007 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities, respectively. No income tax examinations are currently in process. As we determined no material unrecognized tax benefits or liabilities exist, the adoption of FIN No. 48, effective January 1, 2007, did not impact our financial condition or results of operations. We classify interest and penalties related to underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense.
     Investment in Hotel Properties — Hotel properties are generally stated at cost. However, the Initial Properties contributed upon our formation are stated at the predecessor’s historical cost, net of any impairment charges, plus noncontrolling interests partial step-up related to the acquisition of noncontrolling interests from third parties associated with four of the Initial Properties. In addition, in connection with the 51-hotel CNL portfolio acquired on April 11, 2007 and subsequent asset swap completed on December 15, 2007, we own between 75%-89% ownership interest in certain hotel properties owned by joint ventures. For these hotel properties, the carrying basis attributable to the joint venture partners’ noncontrolling interests is recorded at the predecessor’s historical cost, net of any impairment charges, while the carrying basis attributable to our controlling interests is recorded based on the allocated purchase price of our ownership interest in the joint ventures. All improvements and additions which extend the useful life of hotel properties are capitalized.

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     Impairment of Investment in Hotel Properties and Hotel Related Intangibles — Hotel properties and hotel related intangibles are reviewed for impairment at each balance sheet date. We test for impairment in several situations, including when current or projected cash flows are less than historical cash flows, when it becomes more likely than not that a hotel property will be sold before its previously estimated useful life expires, and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that a hotel property’s net book value or the carrying value of the related intangibles may not be recoverable. In evaluating the impairment of hotel properties, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, holding period, expected useful life, future capital expenditures, and fair values, which considers capitalization rates, discount rates, and comparable selling prices. If an asset was deemed to be impaired, we would record an impairment charge for the amount that the property’s net book value exceeds its fair value. To date, no such impairment charges have been recognized.
     Depreciation and Amortization Expense — Depreciation expense is based on the estimated useful life of the assets, while amortization expense for leasehold improvements is based on the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related assets. Presently, hotel properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over lives which range from 15 to 39 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 5 years for furniture, fixtures, and equipment. While we believe our estimates are reasonable, a change in estimated lives could affect depreciation expense and net income (loss) as well as resulting gains or losses on potential hotel sales.
     Assets Held For Sale and Discontinued Operations — We classify assets as held for sale when management has obtained a firm commitment from a buyer, and consummation of the sale is considered probable and expected within one year. The related operations of assets held for sale are reported as discontinued if a) such operations and cash flows can be clearly distinguished, both operationally and financially, from the our ongoing operations, b) such operations and cash flows will be eliminated from ongoing operations once the disposal occurs, and c) we will not have any significant continuing involvement subsequent to the disposal.
     Notes Receivable — We provide mezzanine and first-mortgage financing in the form of notes receivable, which are recorded at cost, adjusted for net origination fees and costs. These loans are held for investment and are intended to be held to maturity and accordingly, are recorded at cost, net of unamortized loan origination costs and fees, loan purchase discounts and net of the allowance for losses when such loan is deemed to be impaired. Premiums, discounts, and net origination fees are amortized or accreted as an adjustment to interest income using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. We discontinue accruing interest and amortizing discounts/premiums when the contractual payment of interest and/or principal is past due. Unpaid interest accrued and discounts amortized are reversed.
     In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” as revised (“FIN No. 46(R)”), variable interest entities, as defined, must be consolidated by their primary beneficiaries if the variable interest entities do not effectively disperse risks among parties involved. Our mezzanine and first-mortgage loan receivables are each secured by various hotel properties or partnership interests in hotel properties and are subordinate to primary loans related to the secured hotels. All such loans receivable are considered to be variable interests in the entities that own the related hotels, which are variable interest entities. However, we are not considered to be the primary beneficiary of these hotel properties as a result of holding these loans. Therefore, we do not consolidate such hotels for which we have provided financing. Interests in entities acquired or created in the future will be evaluated based on FIN No. 46(R) criteria, and such entities will be consolidated, if required. In evaluating FIN No. 46(R) criteria, our analysis involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.
     Impairment of Notes Receivable — We review notes receivables for impairment at each balance sheet date pursuant Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 5 and 15.” A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts recorded as assets on the balance sheet according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. We apply normal loan review and underwriting procedures (as may be implemented or modified from time to time) in making that judgment.
     When a loan is impaired, we measure impairment based on the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate against the value of the asset recorded on the balance sheet. We may also measure impairment based on a loan’s observable market price or the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If a loan is deemed to be impaired, we would record a reserve for loan losses through a charge to income for any shortfall, if any. For example, if a loan is determined to be impaired but based on the present value of the

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expected cash flow calculation, does not result in any shortfall, no charge is taken. Our assessment of impairment is based on considerable judgment and estimates. Based on our assessment and judgment, no such impairment charges have been recorded for our notes receivable as of December 31, 2008. However, a loss reserve was established for a note receivable held by our unconsolidated joint venture in which we have a 25% ownership. See Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8.
     Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture — Investment in a joint venture in which we have a 25% ownership is accounted for under the equity method of accounting by recording the initial investment and our percentage of interest in the joint venture’s net income. The equity accounting method is employed due to the fact that we do not control the joint venture pursuant to the guidance provided by Emerging Issue Task Force (“EITF”) Abstract No. 04-5.
     Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedges We primarily use interest rate derivatives to hedge our asset cash flows. We also use non-hedge derivatives to capitalize on the historical correlation between changes in LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) and RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room). Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the exchange of fixed-rate payments for variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying principal amount. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges provide us with interest rate protection above the strike rate on the cap and result in us receiving interest payments when actual rates exceed the cap strike. Because these derivatives are not designated as hedges under SFAS 133, the related interest savings is reported as “Other income” rather than a reduction of interest expense in accordance with GAAP. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivative and the hedged item related to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is initially reported in other comprehensive income (outside of earnings) and subsequently reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings, while the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized directly in earnings. We assess the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in fair value or cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument with the changes in fair value or cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction. For derivatives not designated as hedges, changes in the fair value are recognized in earnings. We record all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value.
     The valuation of these instruments was determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate derivatives are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts/payments and the discounted expected variable cash payments/receipts. The variable cash payments/receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate options are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates fell below the strike rate of the floors or rise above the strike rate of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the floor (cap) are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. To comply with the provisions of SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”, we incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterparty’s non-performance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of our derivative contracts for the effect of non-performance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
     In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations.” SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer of a business recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree. The statement also provides guidance for recognizing and measuring the goodwill acquired in the business combination and determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combinations. SFAS 141R is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Accordingly, any business combinations we engage in will be recorded and disclosed following existing accounting principles until January 1, 2009. We expect SFAS 141R will

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affect our consolidated financial statements when effective, but the nature and magnitude of the specific effects will depend upon the nature, term and size of the acquisitions, if any, we consummate after the effective date.
     In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements,” effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. SFAS 160 states that accounting and reporting for minority interests will be re-characterized as non-controlling interests and classified as a component of equity. SFAS 160 applies to all entities that prepare consolidated financial statements, except not-for-profit organizations, and will impact the recording of minority interest. See Note 25 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 for the impact of the adoption of SFAS 160.
     In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. SFAS 161 changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. There will be additional disclosure needed upon adoption of SFAS 161.
     In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles,” effective 60 days following SEC approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. SFAS 162 identifies sources of accounting principles and a framework for selecting the principles to be used in preparation of financial statements that are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (the GAAP Hierarchy). We do not expect this statement will result in changes to our current practice.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
     We are a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that commenced operations upon completion of our initial public offering and related formation transactions on August 29, 2003. At December 31, 2008, we owned interests in 103 hotel properties, which included direct ownership in 97 hotel properties and between 75-89% interests in six hotel properties through equity investments with joint venture partners. Of these hotels, 43 were acquired in 2007. In addition, at December 31, 2008, we owned $212.8 million of mezzanine or first-mortgage loans receivable and a 25% interest in a joint venture with Prudential Real Estate Investors (“PREI”) formed in January 2008 (the “PREI JV”). The joint venture owned $75.2 million of mezzanine loans at December 31, 2008.
     Based on our primary business objectives and forecasted operating conditions, our key priorities and financial strategies include, among other things:
    preserving capital, enhancing liquidity and implementing cost saving measures;
 
    acquiring hotels with a favorable current yield with an opportunity for appreciation;
 
    implementing selective capital improvements designed to increase profitability;
 
    directing our hotel managers to minimize operating costs and increase revenues;
 
    originating or acquiring mezzanine loans; and
 
    other investments that our Board of Directors deems appropriate.
     Throughout 2008, the sluggish economy in the United States has caused slight declines in RevPAR (revenue per available room) and occupancy throughout the lodging industry. For 2009, forecasts for the lodging industry are considerably bearish.
     To hedge our asset cash flows, we enter into derivative transactions with major financial institutions. In March 2008, we executed a five-year interest rate swap on $1.8 billion of fixed-rate debt at a weighted average interest rate of 5.84% for a floating interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.64%. In conjunction with the swap execution, we sold a five- year LIBOR floor notional amount of $1.8 billion at 1.25% and purchased a LIBOR cap notional amount of $1.0 billion at 3.75% for the first three years. On September 30, 2008, we entered into an additional LIBOR interest rate

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cap with $800 million notional amount at 3.75% effective October 14, 2008 for one year. Subsequently in December 2008, we purchased a one-year $1.8 billion interest flooridor to bring down the LIBOR floor to 0.75%. Under the flooridor, the counterparties will pay us the interest on the $1.8 billion notional amount when the interest rates are below the original floor of 1.25% and above the new floor of 0.75%. The upfront cost of the swap, LIBOR cap, and floor transactions was $8.8 million. The net fair value at December 31, 2008 was $88.5 million. See Notes 11 and 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included Item 8.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
     Marriott International, Inc. (“Marriott”) manages 41 of our properties. For these Marriott-managed hotels, the fiscal year reflects twelve weeks of operations for each of the first three quarters of the year and seventeen weeks for the fourth quarter of the year. Therefore, in any given quarterly period, period-over-period results will have different ending dates. For Marriott-managed hotels, the fourth quarters of 2008, 2007 and 2006 ended January 2, 2009, December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006, respectively.
     RevPAR is a commonly used measure within the hotel industry to evaluate hotel operations. RevPAR is defined as the product of the average daily room rate (“ADR”) charged and the average daily occupancy achieved. RevPAR does not include revenues from food and beverage or parking, telephone, or other guest services generated by the property. Although RevPAR does not include these ancillary revenues, it is generally considered the leading indicator of core revenues for many hotels. We also use RevPAR to compare the results of our hotels between periods and to analyze results of our comparable hotels (comparable hotels represent hotels we have owned for the entire year). RevPAR improvements attributable to increases in occupancy are generally accompanied by increases in most categories of variable operating costs. RevPAR improvements attributable to increases in ADR are generally accompanied by increases in limited categories of operating costs, such as management fees and franchise fees.
     In April 2007, we acquired a 51-property hotel portfolio (“CNL Portfolio”) from CNL Hotels and Resorts, Inc. (“CNL”). Pursuant to the purchase agreement, we acquired 100% of 33 properties and interests ranging from 70% to 89% in 18 properties through existing joint ventures. In conjunction with the CNL transaction, we acquired the 15% remaining joint venture interest in one hotel property not owned by CNL at the acquisition and acquired in May 2007 two other hotel properties previously owned by CNL (collectively, the “CNL Acquisition”). In December 2007, we completed an asset swap with Hilton Hotels Corporation (“Hilton”), whereby we surrendered our majority ownership interest in two hotel properties in exchange for Hilton’s minority ownership interest in nine hotel properties. Net of subsequent sales and the asset swap, 43 of these hotels were included in our hotel property portfolio at December 31, 2008. In 2008, we finalized the allocation of the CNL Acquisition purchase price. These hotels are referred to as non-comparable hotels in comparing the operating results of 2008 to 2007 in the following discussions as we did not own these properties for the entire year of 2007. Similarly, in comparing the operating results of 2007 to 2006, 52 hotel properties acquired during 2006 and 2007 are referred as non-comparable hotels.

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     The following table summarizes the changes in key line items from our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
                                                         
                            Favorable (Unfavorable) Change
    Year Ended December 31,   2008 Compared to 2007   2007 Compared to 2006
    2008   2007   2006   $ Change   %Change   $ Change   %Change
Total revenue
  $ 1,172,856     $ 1,007,801     $ 401,222     $ 165,055       16.4 %   $ 606,579       151.2 %
Total hotel expenses
    753,587       651,434       249,122       (102,153 )     (15.7 )%     (402,312 )     (161.5 )%
Property taxes, insurance and other
    62,509       52,409       22,754       (10,100 )     (19.3 )%     (29,655 )     (130.3 )%
Depreciation and amortization
    167,730       138,154       40,730       (29,576 )     (21.4 )%     (97,424 )     (239.2 )%
Corporate general and administrative
    28,702       26,953       20,359       (1,749 )     (6.5 )%     (6,594 )     (32.4 )%
Operating income
    160,328       138,851       68,257       21,477       15.5 %     70,594       103.4 %
Equity loss in unconsolidated joint venture
    (2,205 )                 (2,205 )     *           *
Interest income
    2,062       3,178       2,917       (1,116 )     (35.1 )%     261       8.9 %
Other income
    10,153                   10,153       *           *
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
    (156,383 )     (135,841 )     (42,720 )     (20,542 )     (15.1 )%     (93,121 )     (218.0 )%
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees
    (1,226 )     (3,850 )     (101 )     2,624       *     (3,749 )     *
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives
    79,620       (211 )     (16 )     79,831       *     (195 )     *
Income tax (expense)/benefit
    (967 )     (3,835 )     2,655       2,868       74.8 *     (6,490 )     *
Income/(loss) from continuing operations
    91,382       (1,708 )     30,992       93,090       *     (32,700 )     *
Income from discontinued operations
    54,289       38,146       12,081       16,143       42.3 %     26,065       216.8 %
Net income
    145,671       36,438       43,073       109,233       299.8 %     (6,635 )     (15.4 )%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
    (1,444 )     (2,320 )           876       37.8 %     (2,320 )     *
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    (15,033 )     (3,958 )     (5,277 )     (11,075 )     (279.8 )%     1,319       25.0 %
Net income attributable to the Company
    129,194       30,160       37,796       99,034       328.4 %     (7,636 )     (20.2 )%
 
*   Not meaningful.
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2008 with Year Ended December 31, 2007
     Income from continuing operations includes the operating results of 60 hotel properties that we have owned throughout the entire 2008 and 2007 (the “comparable hotels”). The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of the comparable hotels for the periods indicated:
                 
    Year Ended
    December 31,
    2008   2007
Total revenue (in thousands)
  $ 547,531     $ 554,185  
Total operating income (in thousands)
  $ 80,564     $ 98,120  
RevPAR (revenue per available room)
  $ 98.81     $ 100.59  
Occupancy
    70.71 %     73.80 %
ADR (average daily rate)
  $ 139.74     $ 136.29  
     The 43 non-comparable hotels that are included in continuing operations contributed the following for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
                 
    Year Ended
    December 31,
    2008   2007
Total revenue
  $ 599,262     $ 441,276  
Total operating income
  $ 82,513     $ 55,345  
     Revenue. Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008 (“2008”) increased $165.1 million, or 16.4%, to $1.2 billion from $1.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2007 (“2007”). The increase was substantially due to the $158.0 million in incremental revenues attributable to the 43 non-comparable hotels, which is offset by a $6.7 million decrease in revenues from comparable hotels as a result of economic downturn. Mezzanine loans originated and acquired in 2008 contributed a $16.7 million increase in interest income from notes receivable which was partially offset by decreased interest income from existing variable rate notes as a result of significantly lower LIBOR rates in 2008. Fees received from certain asset management consulting agreements we entered into in December 2007 also contributed $522,000 to the increase.

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     Room revenues at comparable hotels for 2008 decreased $4.2 million, or 1.0%, compared to 2007, primarily due to a slight decrease in RevPAR from $100.59 to $98.81 driven by 3.09% decrease in occupancy principally as a result of the economic downturn and four hotel properties being under renovation. The effect of decreased occupancy is partially offset by a 2.5% increase in ADR. Excluding the four hotel properties under renovation, the remaining 56 comparable hotel properties’ RevPAR decreased from $101.12 in 2007 to $99.63 in 2008 driven by a 2.5% increase in ADR which effect is partially offset by a 2.86% decrease in occupancy. Due to the economic downturn, many hotels experienced lower occupancy rates, however, the lower occupancy is partially offset by moderate increases in ADR which is consistent with industry trends. Certain hotels benefited from increasing or garnering more favorable group room-night contracts, eliminating less favorable contracts, and charging higher rates on transient business. Although occupancy increased at several hotels, renovations at certain hotels reduced room availability, which offset these increases.
     Food and beverage revenues increased $29.3 million in 2008 compared to 2007 primarily due to a $32.7 million contribution from the 43 non-comparable hotels. This increase is partially offset by a decrease of $3.4 million at comparable hotels which is attributable to decline in group bookings, corporate banquet and catered events.
     Rental income from operating leases represents rental income recognized on a straight-line basis associated with a hotel property acquired in April 2007, which is leased to a third-party tenant on a triple-net basis.
     Other hotel revenues for 2008 increased $10.0 million compared to 2007 due primarily to a $9.0 million increase attributable to the non-comparable hotels. Other revenues at comparable hotels reported a slight increase of $952,000.
     Interest income from notes receivable increased $13.0 million for 2008 compared to 2007. The increase is attributable to the acquisition and origination of new mezzanine loans during 2008 totaling $209.1 million in principal balance which accounted for $16.7 million (including an amortization of discounts on these notes of $8.5 million) of the increase. The increase was partially offset by the income from variable rates notes as a result of the decline in LIBOR rates during 2008. Weighted average yield of mezzanine loans for 2008 and 2007 were 15.4% and 12.9%, respectively.
     The discount of $65.6 million on the mezzanine loan acquired for $98.4 million in July 2008 that is secured by 681 extended stay hotel properties with a principal amount of $164.0 million is being amortized over the life of the loan including extension periods. Based on trailing 12-month net cash flow from the portfolio, the debt service coverage ratio at closing through our position of approximately 1.63x, and our investment in the capital structure of approximately 75% to 80% loan to cost, or $82,142 per key, we expect full repayment of the principal amount at maturity and are recognizing the discount amount of $65.6 million over the potential four year life of the loan. There can be no assurance that our estimate of collectible amounts will not change over time or that they will be representative of the amounts we may actually collect. The risk is that changes in market conditions may prevent the borrower from repaying the loan amount in full and we may have to reverse some of the discount recognized in our income stream in prior periods which may have a material impact on our future financial position and results of operations.
     Asset management fees and other increased $679,000 during 2008. The increase is primarily related to a sourcing fee and service fee of $148,000 from PREI JV and a consulting fee of $522,000 from a consulting agreement we entered into in December 2007 in connection with an asset swap transaction.
     Hotel Operating Expenses. Hotel operating expenses, which consists of room expense, food and beverage expense, other direct expenses, indirect expenses, and management fees, increased $102.2 million, or 15.7%, for 2008 compared to 2007, primarily due to $105.1 million of expenses associated with the 43 non-comparable hotels. Hotel operating expenses at comparable hotels experienced a decrease of $3.0 million, or 0.8%, for 2008 compared to 2007. Management has instituted better cost controls to mitigate the effects of lower revenue.
     In December 2008, we executed aggressive cost saving measures at the property level that include payroll freezes, vendor contract renegotiation and adjustments to service levels and expect the hotel operating expenses to decrease in 2009 from their 2008 levels.
     Property Taxes, Insurance and Other. Property taxes, insurance, and other increased $10.1 million, or 19.3%, for 2008 compared to 2007, due to $10.2 million of expenses associated with the non-comparable hotels. Property

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taxes, insurance, and other expense at comparable hotels experienced a slight decrease of $96,000 in 2008 compared to 2007. Property taxes increased $1.8 million for the comparable hotels due to appraised property values increasing significantly at certain hotels, which is completely offset by a decline of $1.9 million in insurance expense as new insurance policies were negotiated effective June 1, 2007.
     Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $29.6 million, or 21.4%, for 2008 compared to 2007. The increase is primarily associated with the non-comparable hotels which accounted for $15.5 million of the increase. During 2008, we finalized the allocation of the purchase price of the CNL Acquisition which resulted in adjustments to asset values and the reclassification of certain assets into asset groups that have longer useful lives. In addition, a $14.1 million increase of depreciation is attributable to capital improvements made at several comparable hotels in 2008.
     Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expense increased to $28.7 million for 2008 compared to $27.0 million for 2007. These expenses include non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $6.8 million and $6.2 million for 2008 and 2007, respectively. Excluding the non-cash stock-based compensation, these expenses increased $1.1 million in 2008 compared to 2007 primarily due to the increase in headcount and audit and legal expenses and as a result of the CNL Acquisition. These increases were partially offset by a $220,000 credit recorded for the deferred compensation expense as the accrued liability under the deferred compensation declined due to the decrease in the value of the related investments.
     In December 2008, we implemented a cost saving plan at the corporate level which includes reductions in overhead from staff layoffs, salary freezes, and reduced benefits and fees along with other cost saving measures. Management expects that corporate general and administrative expenses will decrease in 2009.
     Equity Loss in Unconsolidated Joint Venture. Equity loss in the PREI JV of $2.2 million represents our 25% of the interest in the operating results of the PREI JV. Interest earned on the mezzanine notes was $3.3 million which is offset by an impairment charge of $5.5 million. In October 2008, the borrower of the mezzanine note receivable of $21.5 million which matures in 2018 defaulted on debt service payments on both the first mortgage and our mezzanine loan. After an impairment test, we and our joint venture partner determined to provide a loss reserve for the entire amount of the loan balance.
     Interest Income. Interest income decreased $1.1 million for 2008 compared to 2007 primarily due to the significant decline in short-term interest rates which is partially offset by an increase in average cash balances.
     Other Income. Other income of $10.2 million represents the interest income of $10.4 million on the non-hedge interest rate swap, cap and floor that we entered into since March 2008 which is partially offset by a loss of $199,000 recorded for the change in cash surrender value related to an insurance contract for our deferred compensation plan.
     Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs. Interest expense and amortization of loan costs increased $20.6 million to $156.4 million for 2008 from $135.8 million for 2007. The increase is primarily attributable to higher average debt balance in 2008 as a result of the CNL acquisition in April 2007 as the related borrowings on the acquisition were not outstanding for the entire 2007 period. This increase was partially offset by the decreased interest costs related to our variable rate debt as a result of lower LIBOR rates during 2008.
     Write-off of Loan Cost and Exit Fees. During 2008, we wrote off unamortized loan costs of $424,000 on the $127.2 million debt that was refinanced with a $160.0 million new debt and incurred $802,000 of prepayment penalties on other loans. During 2007, we repaid the balance and terminated two credit facilities with total borrowing capacity of $250 million. We also paid off our then outstanding loans totaling $505.1 million. In connection with these terminations and pay-offs, we wrote-off unamortized loan costs of $3.6 million and incurred prepayment penalties of $559,000 of which $193,000 was allocated to continuing operations.
     Unrealized Gains/(Losses) on Derivatives. In 2008, we entered into various interest rate swap, floor and cap transactions that were not designated as hedges. As a result, the changes in market value of these derivatives are included in the earnings. During 2008, we recorded unrealized gains of $79.7 million on these derivatives as a result of the LIBOR future curve used in determining the fair values turning significantly downward during the fourth quarter as a result of global economic downturn. Unrealized losses were $44,000 and $211,000 for 2008 and 2007,

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respectively, on other interest rate caps that were designated as cash flow hedges. See Note 11 and Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8.
     Income Tax (Expense)/Benefit. Income tax expense was $967,000 and $3.8 million for 2008 and 2007, respectively. The 2008 tax expense consisted primarily of certain state taxes assessed on partnership subsidiaries and the Texas margin tax and the new Michigan Business Tax. Income tax for 2007 consists primarily of the expense associated with fully reserving our deferred tax asset at December 31, 2007. As a result of Ashford TRS losses in 2008 and prior years, and the limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code on the utilization of net operating losses of acquired subsidiaries, we believe that it is more likely than not our net deferred tax asset would not be realized, and therefore, have provided a valuation allowance to fully reserve against these amounts.
     Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Joint Ventures. Noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures represent the joint venture partners who have ownerships of 11% to 25% in six hotel properties owned and operated by our consolidated joint ventures. We acquired these joint ventures in connection with the CNL Acquisition in April 2007. During 2008 and 2007, the noncontrolling interest partners were allocated income from consolidated joint ventures of $1.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively.
     Net Income Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership. Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership represents the limited partners’ proportionate share of equity in earnings/losses of the operating partnership which is an allocation of net income available to common stockholders based on the weighted average ownership percentage of these limited partners’ common unit holdings throughout the period plus dividends paid to these limited partners’ Class B unit holdings. Net income allocated plus dividends paid to these limited partners were $15.0 million and $4.0 million for 2008 and 2007, respectively, including income from discontinued operations allocated to these limited partners of $5.1 million and $3.1 million for 2008 and 2007, respectively.
     Income from Discontinued Operations. Included in income from discontinued operations were gains of $48.5 million and $35.1 million from hotel sales for 2008 and 2007, respectively. Operating results of discontinued operations also reflected interest and related debt expense of $3.5 million and $20.1 million for 2008 and 2007, respectively. In addition, unamortized loan costs of $1.8 million and $4.8 million in 2008 and 2007, respectively, were written off when the related debt was repaid upon the sale of the hotel properties collateralizing that debt. The 2008 result also reflects a $2.1 million write-off of loan premiums upon the sale of related hotel property.
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2007 with Year Ended December 31, 2006
     Income from continuing operations includes the operating results of 51 comparable hotels. The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of the comparable hotels for the periods indicated:
                 
    Year Ended
    December 31,
    2007   2006
Total revenue (in thousands)
  $ 342,162     $ 324,396  
Total operating income (in thousands)
  $ 73,178     $ 68,561  
RevPAR (revenue per available room)
  $ 93.71     $ 88.43  
Occupancy
    73.09 %     73.81 %
ADR (average daily rate)
  $ 128.21     $ 119.82  
     The 52 non-comparable hotels that are included in continuing operations contributed the following for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
                 
    Year Ended
    December 31,
    2007   2006
Total revenue
  $ 653,300     $ 60,702  
Total operating income
  $ 80,287     $ 3,931  
     Revenue. Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 (“2007”) increased $606.6 million, or 151.2%, to $1.0 billion from $401.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 (“2006”). The increase was substantially due to the $592.6 million in incremental revenues attributable to the 52 non-comparable hotels and a $17.8 million

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increase from comparable hotels primarily due to increases in room revenues. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in interest income from mezzanine loans of $3.9 million as a result of a decline in the average balance outstanding during 2007.
     Room revenues at comparable hotels for the 2007 increased $14.6 million or 5.4% compared to 2006, primarily due to an increase in RevPAR from $88.43 to $93.71, which consisted of a 7.0% increase in ADR and a 72 basis point decrease in occupancy. Due to the continued recovery in the economy during 2007 and consistent with industry trends, several hotels experienced significant increases in ADR and relatively flat occupancy. In addition to improved market conditions, certain hotels also benefited in 2007 from increasing or garnering more favorable group room-night contracts, eliminating less favorable contracts, and charging higher rates on transient business. Although occupancy increased at several hotels, renovations at certain hotels in 2007 reduced room availability, which offset these increases.
     Food and beverage revenues at comparable hotels for 2007 increased $2.3 million or 5.5% compared to 2006 primarily due to increased occupancy at certain hotels, increased prices overall, and increased banquets at certain hotels. The remainder of the increase is primarily attributable to the 52 non-comparable hotels.
     Rental income from operating leases represents rental income recognized on a straight-line basis associated with a hotel property acquired on April 11, 2007, which is leased to a third-party tenant on a triple-net lease basis.
     Other revenues for 2007 compared to 2006 increased $29.6 million due to $28.7 million in incremental revenues attributable to the 52 non-comparable hotels and $873,000 increase at comparable hotels primarily due to increased ancillary revenues at certain hotels.
     Interest income from notes receivable decreased to $11.0 million for 2007 compared to $14.9 million for 2006 due to a decrease in the average mezzanine loans portfolio balance outstanding during 2007 compared to 2006.
     Asset management fees and other related to 27 hotel properties previously owned by affiliates for which we provided asset management and consulting services. We acquired 21 of these hotel properties from the affiliates on March 16, 2005, and the affiliates subsequently sold the remaining six hotel properties. However, the affiliates, pursuant to an agreement, continue to guarantee a minimum annual fee of approximately $1.2 million through December 31, 2008.
     Hotel Operating Expenses. Hotel operating expenses increased $402.3 million, or 161.5%, for 2007 compared to 2006, primarily due to $392.7 million of expenses associated with the non-comparable hotels. In addition, hotel operating expenses at comparable hotels increased $9.6 million, or 4.7%, for 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to increases in rooms, food and beverage, and indirect expenses. These increases were partially offset by a $2.0 million transaction fee we were reimbursed by Hilton Hotels Corporation relating to the asset swap transaction.
     Rooms expense at comparable hotels increased $1.7 million or 2.9% for 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to increased occupancy at certain hotels, virtually flat costs at hotels experiencing comparable occupancy due to the fixed nature of maintaining staff, and increased prices overall. The increase in food and beverage expense of $818,000 at comparable hotels is consistent with the related increase in food and beverage revenues. Indirect expenses at comparable hotels increased approximately $6.2 million or 6.3% for 2007 compared to 2006. Indirect expenses primarily increased as a result of increased hotel-level general and administrative expenses due to increased salaries and staffing needs consistent with increased revenues, and increased franchise fees and incentive management fees due to increased room revenues at certain hotels.
     Property Taxes, Insurance and Other. Property taxes, insurance, and other increased $29.7 million or 130.3% for 2007 compared to 2006 due to $30.6 million of expenses associated with the 52 non-comparable hotels. Property taxes, insurance, and other expense at comparable hotels decreased $818,000 in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily resulting from declined property insurance rates incurred under new policies related to several hotels.
     Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $97.4 million or 239.2% for 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to $93.0 million of depreciation associated with the 52 non-comparable hotels. Depreciation and amortization at comparable hotels increased $4.4 million for 2007 compared to 2006 as a result of capital improvements made at several hotels.

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     Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expense increased to $27.0 million for 2007 compared to $20.4 million for 2006. These expenses include non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $6.2 million and $5.2 million for 2007 and 2006, respectively. Excluding the non-cash stock-based compensation, these expenses increased $5.6 million in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to the increase in headcount and audit expense as a result of the CNL Acquisition. As a percentage of total revenue, however, corporate general and administrative expense decreased to 2.7% of total revenue in 2007 from approximately 7.5% in 2006 due to corporate synergies inherent in overall growth.
     Interest Income. Interest income increased $261,000 to $3.2 million for 2007 from $2.9 million in 2006 primarily due to interest earned on funds received from borrowings and equity offerings during 2007 in excess of interest earned on funds received from borrowings and equity offerings during 2006.
     Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs. Interest expense and amortization of loan costs increased $93.1 million to $135.8 million for 2007 from $42.7 million in 2006. The increase in interest expense and amortization of loan costs is associated with the higher average debt balance during 2007 as a result of the CNL acquisition.
     Write-off of Loan Cost and Exit Fees. During 2007, we repaid the balance and terminated two credit facilities with total borrowing capacity of $250 million. We also paid off our then outstanding loans totaling $505.1 million. In connection with these terminations and pay-offs, we wrote-off unamortized loan costs of $3.6 million and incurred prepayment penalties of $559,000 of which $193,000 was allocated to continuing operations. During 2006, we recorded write-off of loan costs and exit fees of $101,000 relating to the repayment on our then outstanding mortgage note of $11.1 million.
     Unrealized Gains/(Losses) on Derivatives. Unrealized losses were $211,000 and $16,000 for 2007 and 2006, respectively, on interest rate caps that we entered into in 2007 and 2006.
     Income Tax (Expense)/Benefit. We recorded an income tax expense of $3.8 million for 2007 and a benefit of $2.7 million for 2006. The income tax for 2007 consists primarily of the expense associated with fully reserving our deferred tax asset at December 31, 2007. As a result of Ashford TRS losses in 2007 and 2006, and the limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code on the utilization of net operating losses of acquired subsidiaries, we believe that it is more likely than not our net deferred tax asset would not be realized, and therefore, had provided a valuation allowance to fully reserve against these amounts. For 2006, the income tax benefit related to the net loss associated with Ashford TRS.
     Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Joint Ventures. Noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures represent the joint venture partners who have ownerships between 11% to 25% in six hotel properties owned and operated by our consolidated joint ventures. We acquired these joint ventures in connection with the CNL Acquisition in April 2007. Income from consolidated joint ventures allocated to the noncontrolling interest partners was $2.3 million for 2007.
     Net Income Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership. Net income allocated to these redeemable noncontrolling limited partners was $4.0 million and $5.3 million for 2007 and 2006, respectively, including income from discontinued operations allocated to these limited partners of $3.1 million and $1.5 million for 2007 and 2006, respectively.
     Income from Discontinued Operations. Included in income from discontinued operations were gains of $35.1 million for 2007. Operating results of discontinued operations also reflected interest and related debt expense of $20.1 million and $5.7 million for 2007 and 2006, respectively. In addition, unamortized loan costs of $4.8 million and $687,000 in 2007 and 2006, respectively, were written off when the related debt was repaid upon the sale of the hotel properties collateralizing that debt.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
     EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, interest income other than interest income from mezzanine loans, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership. We believe EBITDA is useful to investors as it is an indicator of our ability to service debt and pay cash dividends. EBITDA, as calculated by us may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other

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companies that do not define EBITDA exactly as we define the term. EBITDA does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or net income determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of performance or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as determined by GAAP as a indicator of liquidity. The following table reconciles net income to EBITDA (in thousands) (unaudited):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Net income
  $ 145,671     $ 36,438     $ 43,073  
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
    (1,444 )     (2,320 )      
Less: Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    (15,033 )     (3,958 )     (5,277 )
 
                 
Net income attributable to the Company
    129,194       30,160       37,796  
Depreciation and amortization
    172,262       166,161       52,863  
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
    157,274       154,338       48,457  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    1,093       5,599       (2,719 )
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    15,033       3,958       5,277  
Interest income
    (2,020 )     (3,064 )     (2,917 )
 
                 
EBITDA (1)
  $ 472,836     $ 357,152     $ 138,757  
 
                 
 
(1)   EBITDA is not adjusted for income received from interest rate derivatives because the related derivatives are not designated as hedges under SFAS 133 and therefore, this income is reported as other income instead of a reduction of interest expense in accordance with GAAP.
     The White Paper on Funds From Operations (“FFO”) approved by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) in April 2002 defines FFO as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains (or losses) on sales of properties and extraordinary items as defined by GAAP, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and net of adjustments for the portion of these items attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership. NAREIT developed FFO as a relative measure of performance of an equity REIT to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the basis determined by GAAP. We compute FFO in accordance with our interpretation of standards established by NAREIT, which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that either do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or interpret the NAREIT definition differently than us. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities as determined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to a) GAAP net income/(loss) as an indication of our financial performance or b) GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to satisfy our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. However, to facilitate a clear understanding of our historical operating results, we believe that FFO should be considered along with our net income/(loss) and cash flows reported in the consolidated financial statements. The following table reconciles net income to FFO (in thousands) (unaudited):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Net income
  $ 145,671     $ 36,438     $ 43,073  
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
    (1,444 )     (2,320 )      
Less: Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    (15,033 )     (3,958 )     (5,277 )
Less: Preferred dividends
    (26,642 )     (23,990 )     (10,875 )
 
                 
Net income attributable to common stockholders
    102,552       6,170       26,921  
Depreciation and amortization on real estate
    171,791       165,757       52,550  
Gains on sales of properties
    (48,514 )     (28,204 )      
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    15,033       3,958       5,277  
 
                 
FFO
  $ 240,862     $ 147,681     $ 84,748  
 
                 
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
     Our principal sources of funds to meet our cash requirements include: positive cash flow from operations, cash income from mezzanine loans, property refinancing proceeds, asset sales, property level preferred equity, return of

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capital from existing mezzanine loans, and income derived from the interest rate swap. Our principal uses of funds are expected to include possible operating shortfalls from mezzanine investments, owner-funded capital expenditures, debt interest and principal payments, and repurchases of our securities. Items that impact our cash flows and liquidity are summarized as follows:
     Net Cash Flows Provided By Operating Activities. Net cash flows provided by operating activities, pursuant to our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows which includes the changes in balance sheet items, were $144.9 million and $155.7 million for 2008 and 2007, respectively. The decrease is principally due to the economic downturn in 2008 that resulted in decreased ADR and declined occupancy. These decreases are partially offset by the inclusion of an entire year of operations in the 2008 operating results for hotel properties related to the CNL Acquisition.
     Net Cash Flows Provided by/(Used In) Investing Activities. For 2008, investing activities provided net cash flows of $168.5 million, which consisted of net proceeds of $428.5 million from sales of 10 hotel properties and one office building and a payment of $23.2 million for the 75% note receivable acquired by PREI JV. These cash inflows were partially offset by $138.0 million for acquisitions or originations of notes receivable, $17.9 million for the acquisition of 25% interest in a mezzanine loan acquired by PREI JV, and $127.3 million of improvements to various hotel properties. For 2007, investing activities used net cash of $1.9 billion, which consisted of $2.1 billion for the CNL Acquisition, $127.3 million for improvements to various hotel properties and $21.5 million for the acquisition of mezzanine loans. These cash outlays were partially offset by $304.9 million from the sales of 22 hotel properties and one office building and $30.1 million cash received from payments of notes receivables.
     Net Cash Flows (Used in)/Provided by Financing Activities. For 2008, net cash flow used in financing activities was $164.1 million consisting of payments of $741.6 million on indebtedness and capital leases, $138.6 million of dividends, $9.9 million for entering into interest rate swap, floor and cap transactions, $96.9 million for purchases of treasury shares, and $7.8 million of debt refinancing costs. These cash outlays were partially offset by $833.4 million of aggregate draws on our $250.0 million credit facility and refinances of existing mortgage loans, a $52,000 payment from noncontrolling interest partners in consolidated joint ventures and $53,000 attributed to buy-ins of long-term incentive partnership units issued to our executives under the our equity incentive plan. For 2007, net cash flow provided in financing activities was $1.7 billion consisting of $2.0 billion in debt borrowings, $193.3 million of net proceeds from the issuance of Series C preferred stock, $193.8 million of net proceeds received from issuance of Series D preferred stock, and $548.2 million of net proceeds received from the follow-on public offering in April 2007. These cash inflows were partially offset by payments of $832.1 million on indebtedness and capital leases, $195.7 million for the redemption of Series C preferred stock, $111.4 million of dividends, $11.8 million of loan costs, $2.4 million for penalties on early repayment of indebtedness and $728,000 for purchases of treasury shares.
     We are required to maintain certain financial ratios under various debt agreements. If we violate covenants in any debt agreements, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. Violations of certain debt covenants may result in us being unable to borrow unused amounts under a line of credit, even if repayment of some or all borrowings is not required. In any event, financial covenants under our current or future debt obligations could impair our planned business strategies by limiting our ability to borrow (i) beyond certain amounts or (ii) for certain purposes. Presently, our existing financial debt covenants primarily relate to maintaining minimum debt coverage ratios at certain properties, maintaining an overall minimum net worth, maintaining a maximum loan to value, and maintaining an overall minimum total assets. At December 31, 2008, we were in compliance with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our credit agreements as amended.
     In December 2008, we negotiated an amendment with the 11 banks in our $300 million credit facility. The main provision changes to the facility, which expires in 2012 after extension, include: (i) reducing the fixed charge coverage ratio to 1.25x (1.72x at December 31, 2008) effective from the date of the amendment until March 31, 2011, at which time the ratio increases to 1.35x; (ii) reducing the revolver commitment level from $300 million to $250 million; (iii) reducing the maximum leverage ratio from 75% to 65% (57.0% at December 31, 2008); (iv) adjusting the previous interest spread of 1.65% to 2.75% upward to a spread of 2.75% to 3.50%; and (v) suspending the dividend payable to common stockholders through 2008, except to the extent of any minimum dividend required to maintain our REIT status.
     Interest Rate Derivative Transactions. To hedge our asset cash flows, we enter into derivative transactions with major financial institutions. In March 2008, we executed a five-year interest rate swap on $1.8 billion of fixed-rate

14


 

debt at a weighted average interest rate of 5.84% for a floating interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.64%. In conjunction with the swap execution, we sold a five-year LIBOR floor notional amount of $1.8 billion at 1.25% and purchased a LIBOR cap notional amount of $1.0 billion at 3.75% for the first three years. On September 30, 2008, we entered into an additional LIBOR interest rate cap with $800 million notional amount at 3.75% effective October 14, 2008 for a one year. Subsequently in December 2008, we purchased a one-year $1.8 billion interest flooridor to bring down the LIBOR floor to 0.75%. Under this flooridor, the counterparties will pay us the interest on the $1.8 billion notional amount when the interest rates are below the original floor of 1.25% and above the new floor of 0.75%. The upfront cost of the swap, LIBOR cap, and floor transactions was $8.8 million. The net fair value at December 31, 2008 was $88.5 million. See Notes 11 and 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included Item 8.
     Authorization of Repurchase of Common and Preferred Shares and Debt — In the fourth quarter of 2007, the Board of Directors authorized a $50 million common stock repurchase program. On September 5, 2008, we had completed the repurchase of substantially all of the shares authorized under this program, and the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $75 million of our common stock under the program. In November 2008, the Board of Directors modified the share repurchase program to include both common and preferred shares. During the year ended December 31, 2008, we have repurchased 34.0 million shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $96.9 million, and 114,500 shares of our Series A preferred stock and 1.6 million shares of our Series D preferred stock for an aggregate purchase price of $9.9 million.
     In January 2009, the Board of Directors authorized an additional $200 million repurchase plan authorization (excluding fees, commissions and all other ancillary expenses) for: (i) the repurchase of shares of the our common stock, Series A preferred stock, Series B-1 preferred stock and Series D preferred stock and/or (ii) the prepayment of our outstanding debt obligations, including debt secured by our hotel assets and debt senior to our mezzanine or loan investments.
     Dividend Policy. Effective with the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2008, and in conjunction with the credit facility amendment outlined above, the Board of Directors suspended the common stock dividend. We expect to distribute the minimum dividend required to maintain our REIT status in 2009, which is likely to be determined, if necessary, in the fourth quarter of 2009.
     We continue to execute aggressive cost saving measures at the property level that include payroll freezes, vendor contract renegotiation and adjustments to service levels. In addition, corporate level cost containment plans have been implemented which include reductions in overhead from staff layoffs, salary freezes, and reduced benefits and fees along with other cost saving measures.
     We may incur indebtedness to meet distribution requirements imposed on REITs under the Internal Revenue Code to the extent that working capital and cash flow from our investments are insufficient to fund required distributions.
     Based upon the current level of operations, management believes that our cash flow from operations along with our significant cash balances will be adequate to meet upcoming anticipated requirements for scheduled maturities, dividends, working capital, capital expenditures, interest and upcoming scheduled principal payments, and share repurchases for the foreseeable future. With respect to upcoming maturities, no assurances can be given that we will obtain additional financings or, if we do, what the amount and terms will be. Our failure to obtain future financing under favorable terms could adversely impact our ability to execute our business strategy. In addition, we may selectively pursue mortgage financing on individual properties and our mortgage investments.
     We will acquire or develop additional hotels and invest in structured financings only as suitable opportunities arise, and we will not undertake such investments unless adequate sources of financing are available. Funds for future hotel-related investments are expected to be derived, in whole or in part, from future borrowings under a credit facility or other loan or from proceeds from additional issuances of common stock, preferred stock, or other securities. However, we have no formal commitment or understanding to invest in additional assets, and there can be no assurance that we will successfully make additional investments.
     Our existing hotels are located in developed areas that contain competing hotel properties. The future occupancy, ADR, and RevPAR of any individual hotel could be materially and adversely affected by the current economic downturn, or an increase in the number or quality of the competitive hotel properties in its market area. Competition could also affect the quality and quantity of future investment opportunities.

15


 

INFLATION
     We rely entirely on the performance of our properties and the ability of the properties’ managers to increase revenues to keep pace with inflation. Hotel operators can generally increase room rates rather quickly, but competitive pressures may limit their ability to raise rates faster than inflation. Our general and administrative costs, real estate and personal property taxes, property and casualty insurance, and utilities are subject to inflation as well.
SEASONALITY
     Our properties’ operations historically have been seasonal as certain properties maintain higher occupancy rates during the summer months and some during the winter months. This seasonality pattern can cause fluctuations in our quarterly lease revenue under our percentage leases. We anticipate that our cash flows from the operations of our properties will be sufficient to enable us to make quarterly distributions to maintain our REIT status. To the extent that cash flows from operations are insufficient during any quarter due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in lease revenue, we expect to utilize other cash on hand or borrowings to fund required distributions. However, we cannot make any assurances that we will make distributions in the future.
OFF—BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
     During 2008, we did not maintain any off-balance sheet arrangements and do not currently anticipate any such arrangements.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS
     The table below summarizes our obligations for principal and estimated interest payments on our debt, future minimum lease payments on our operating and capital leases, projected capital expenditures and other long-term liabilities, each as of December 31, 2008 (in thousands):
                                         
    Payments Due by Period  
    < 1 Year     2-3 Years     4-5 Years     > 5 Years     Total  
 
                                       
Contractual obligations excluding extension options:
                                       
Long-term debt obligations (1)
  $ 408,326     $ 653,320     $ 62,332     $ 1,665,007     $ 2,788,985  
Capital lease obligations
    117       90                   207  
Operating lease obligations
    5,099       8,456       7,250       186,314       207,119  
Estimated interest obligations (2)
    132,523       220,123       196,592       1,051,268       1,600,506  
 
                             
Total contractual obligations
  $ 546,065     $ 881,989     $ 266,174     $ 2,902,589     $ 4,596,817  
 
                             
 
Contractual obligations including extension options:
                                       
Long-term debt obligations (1)
  $ 37,724     $ 856,720     $ 229,534     $ 1,665,007     $ 2,788,985  
Capital lease obligations
    117       90                   207  
Operating lease obligations
    5,099       8,456       7,250       186,314       207,119  
Estimated interest obligations (2)
    135,214       235,505       197,755       1,051,268       1,619,742  
 
                             
Total contractual obligations
  $ 178,154     $ 1,100,771     $ 434,539     $ 2,902,589     $ 4,616,053  
 
                             
 
(1)   Payments do not reflect the premiums of $1.4 million that are being amortized as a reduction of interest expense.
 
(2)   For variable interest rate indebtedness, interest obligations are estimated based on the LIBOR interest rate at December 31, 2008.
     In addition to the amounts discussed above, we also have management agreements which require us to pay monthly management fees, market service fees and other general fees, if required. These management agreements expire from 2011 through 2029. See Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8.

16


 

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
         
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
    18  
 
       
Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2008 and 2007
    19  
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Operations — Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
    20  
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
    21  
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity — Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
    22  
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
    23  
 
       
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
    24  

17


 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.
     We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. Our audits also include the financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedules based on our audits.
     We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
     In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years ended in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
     As discussed in Note 25, effective January 1, 2009, the Company retrospectively adopted the presentation and disclosure requirements of FASB Statement No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51” (FASB Statement No. 160) and FASB Staff Position EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities”.
     We also have audited, in accordance with the Standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 26, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
         
     
  /s/ Ernst & Young LLP    
     
     
 
Dallas, Texas
February 26, 2009, except for
Notes 19 and 25 as to which the date is
September 11, 2009

18


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share amounts)
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Assets
               
Investments in hotel properties, net
  $ 3,568,215     $ 3,885,737  
Cash and cash equivalents
    241,597       92,271  
Restricted cash
    69,806       52,872  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $598 and $1,458, respectively
    41,110       51,314  
Inventories
    3,341       4,100  
Notes receivable
    212,815       94,225  
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture
    19,122        
Assets held for sale
          75,739  
Deferred costs, net
    24,211       25,714  
Prepaid expenses
    12,903       20,223  
Interest rate derivatives
    88,603       21  
Other assets
    6,766       6,006  
Intangible assets, net
    3,077       13,889  
Due from third-party hotel managers
    48,116       58,300  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 4,339,682     $ 4,380,411  
 
           
 
               
Liabilities and Equity
               
Liabilities:
               
Indebtedness — continuing operations
  $ 2,790,364     $ 2,639,546  
Indebtedness — assets held for sale
          61,229  
Capital leases payable
    207       498  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    93,476       124,696  
Dividends payable
    6,285       35,031  
Unfavorable management contract liabilities
    20,950       23,396  
Due to affiliates
    2,378       2,732  
Due to third-party hotel managers
    3,855       4,699  
Other liabilities
    8,124       8,514  
 
           
Total liabilities
    2,925,639       2,900,341  
 
           
 
               
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
               
 
               
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    107,469       101,031  
Series B-1 cumulative convertible redeemable preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 7,447,865 shares issued and outstanding
    75,000       75,000  
 
               
Equity:
               
Stockholders’ equity of the Company:
               
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized —
               
Series A cumulative preferred stock, 2,185,500 shares and 2,300,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively
    22       23  
Series D cumulative preferred stock, 6,394,347 shares and 8,000,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively
    64       80  
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 122,748,859 shares issued and 86,555,149 shares outstanding at December 31, 2008 and 122,765,691 shares issued and 120,376,055 shares outstanding at December 31, 2007
    1,227       1,228  
Additional paid-in capital
    1,450,146       1,455,917  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (860 )     (115 )
Accumulated deficit
    (124,782 )     (153,664 )
Treasury stock, at cost, 36,193,710 and 2,389,636 shares, respectively
    (113,598 )     (18,466 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity of the Company
    1,212,219       1,285,003  
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
    19,355       19,036  
 
           
Total equity
    1,231,574       1,304,039  
 
           
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 4,339,682     $ 4,380,411  
 
           
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

19


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
Revenue
                       
Rooms
  $ 850,611     $ 740,237     $ 313,579  
Food and beverage
    237,579       208,289       58,723  
Rental income from operating leases
    6,218       4,548       ¯  
Other
    52,385       42,388       12,796  
 
                 
Total hotel revenue
    1,146,793       995,462       385,098  
Interest income from notes receivable
    24,050       11,005       14,858  
Asset management fees and other
    2,013       1,334       1,266  
 
                 
Total revenue
    1,172,856       1,007,801       401,222  
 
                 
Expenses
                       
Hotel operating expenses:
                       
Rooms
    188,556       165,129       68,560  
Food and beverage
    168,317       147,091       43,261  
Other expenses
    351,288       300,259       122,046  
Management fees
    45,426       38,955       15,255  
 
                 
Total hotel expenses
    753,587       651,434       249,122  
Property taxes, insurance and other
    62,509       52,409       22,754  
Depreciation and amortization
    167,730       138,154       40,730  
Corporate general and administrative
    28,702       26,953       20,359  
 
                 
Total expenses
    1,012,528       868,950       332,965  
 
                 
Operating Income
    160,328       138,851       68,257  
Equity loss in unconsolidated joint venture
    (2,205 )     ¯       ¯  
Interest income
    2,062       3,178       2,917  
Other income
    10,153       ¯       ¯  
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
    (156,383 )     (135,841 )     (42,720 )
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees
    (1,226 )     (3,850 )     (101 )
Unrealized gains/(losses) on derivatives
    79,620       (211 )     (16 )
 
                 
Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes
    92,349       2,127       28,337  
Income tax (expense)/benefit
    (967 )     (3,835 )     2,655  
 
                 
Income/(Loss) from Continuing Operations
    91,382       (1,708 )     30,992  
Income from discontinued operations
    54,289       38,146       12,081  
 
                 
Net Income
    145,671       36,438       43,073  
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
    (1,444 )     (2,320 )     ¯  
Less: Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    (15,033 )     (3,958 )     (5,277 )
 
                 
Net Income Attributable to the Company
    129,194       30,160       37,796  
Preferred dividends
    (26,642 )     (23,990 )     (10,875 )
 
                 
 
                       
Net Income Attributable to common stockholders
  $ 102,552     $ 6,170     $ 26,921  
 
                 
Income (Loss) Per Share:
                       
Basic —
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders
  $ 0.47     $ (0.26 )   $ 0.25  
Income from discontinued operations attributable to common stockholders
    0.44       0.31       0.17  
 
                 
Net income attributable to common stockholders
  $ 0.91     $ 0.05     $ 0.42  
 
                 
Diluted —
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders
  $ 0.47     $ (0.26 )   $ 0.25  
Income from discontinued operations attributable to common stockholders
    0.44       0.31       0.17  
 
                 
Net income attributable to common stockholders
  $ 0.91     $ 0.05     $ 0.42  
 
                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding
                       
Basic
    111,295       105,787       61,713  
Diluted
    111,295       105,787       61,713  
Dividends declared per common share
  $ 0.63     $ 0.84     $ 0.80  
Amounts attributable to common stockholders:
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
  $ 80,006     $ (2,907 )   $ 27,224  
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
    49,188       33,067       10,572  
Preferred dividends
    (26,642 )     (23,990 )     (10,875 )
 
                 
Net income attributable to common stockholders
  $ 102,552     $ 6,170     $ 26,921  
 
                 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

20


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Net Income
  $ 145,671     $ 36,438     $ 43,073  
 
                 
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax:
                       
Reclassification to interest expense
    58       (144 )     (1,228 )
Net unrealized loss on derivatives
    (952 )     (151 )     (33 )
Foreign currency translation adjustments
    (126 )     69        
 
                 
Total other comprehensive loss
    (1,020 )     (226 )     (1,261 )
 
                 
Comprehensive Income
    144,651       36,212       41,812  
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
    (1,226 )     (2,320 )      
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    (15,033 )     (3,958 )     (5,277 )
 
                 
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company
  $ 128,392     $ 29,934     $ 36,535  
 
                 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

21


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in thousands)
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                            Redeemable  
                                                                                    Accumulated                     Noncontrolling             Noncontrolling  
    Preferred Stock                     Additional             Other                     Interests in             Interests in  
    Series A     Series C     Series D     Common Stock     Paid-in     Accumulated     Comprehensive     Treasury Stock     Consolidated             Operating  
    Shares     Amounts     Shares     Amounts     Shares     Amounts     Shares     Amounts     Capital     Deficit     Income/(Loss)     Shares     Amounts     Joint Ventures     Total     Partnership  
Balance at January 1, 2006
    2,300     $ 23           $           $       43,831     $ 438     $ 399,127     $ (42,637 )   $ 1,372           $     $     $ 358,323     $ 87,969  
Issuance of shares in follow-on public offering
                                        27,058       271       289,822                                     290,093        
Issuance of restricted shares under stock-based compensation
                                        662       6       180                                     186        
Issuance of operating partnership units
                                                                                              40,590  
Issuance of common shares upon conversion of operating partnership units
                                        1,394       14       14,273                                     14,287       (14,341 )
Stock-based compensation expense
                                                    5,018                                     5,018        
Forfeiture of restricted shares
                                        (2 )                                                      
Net income
                                                          37,796                               37,796       5,277  
Dividends declared — Common shares
                                                          (51,859)                               (51,859 )      
Dividends declared — Preferred A shares
                                                          (4,916)                               (4,916 )      
Dividends declared — Preferred B-1 shares
                                                          (5,958)                               (5,958 )      
Dividends declared — Operating partnership units
                                                                                              (9,631 )
Unrealized losses on derivatives
                                                                (33 )                       (33 )      
Reclassification to interest expense
                                                                (1,228 )                       (1,228 )      
 
                                                                                               
Balance at December 31, 2006
    2,300       23                               72,943       729       708,420       (67,574 )     111                         641,709       109,864  
Issuance of shares in follow-on public offering
                                        48,875       489       547,760                                     548,249        
Issuance of Series C preferred stock
                8,000       80                               193,239                                     193,319        
Redemption of Series C preferred stock
                (8,000 )     (80 )                             (195,620 )                                   (195,700 )      
Issuance of Series D preferred stock
                            8,000       80                   193,759                                     193,839        
Purchases of treasury shares
                                                                      (2,427 )     (18,919 )           (18,919 )      
Issuance of restricted shares under stock-based compensation
                                        817       8       (268 )                 37       453             193        
Stock-based compensation expense
                                                    6,032                                     6,032        
Forfeiture of restricted shares
                                        (35 )                                                      
Issuance of common shares upon conversion of operating partnership units
                                        166       2       1,750                                     1,752       (1,767 )
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures assumed in acquisition
                                                                                  103,486       103,486        
Assets swap related to consolidated joint ventures
                                                                                  (73,617 )     (73,617 )      
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
                                                                                  (13,153 )     (13,153 )      
Net income
                                                          30,160                         2,320       32,480       3,958  
Dividends declared — Common shares
                                                          (92,260 )                             (92,260 )      
Dividends declared — Preferred A shares
                                                          (4,916 )                             (4,916 )      
Dividends declared — Preferred B-1 shares
                                                          (6,256 )                             (6,256 )      
Dividends declared — Preferred C shares
                                                    845       (5,166 )                             (4,321 )      
Dividends declared — Preferred D shares
                                                          (7,652 )                             (7,652 )      
Dividends declared — Operating partnership units
                                                                                              (11,024 )
Unrealized loss on derivatives
                                                                (151 )                       (151 )      
Reclassification to interest expense
                                                                (144 )                       (144 )      
Foreign currency translation adjustments
                                                                69                         69        
 
                                                                                               
Balance at December 31, 2007
    2,300       23                   8,000       80       122,766       1,228       1,455,917       (153,664 )     (115 )     (2,390 )     (18,466 )     19,036       1,304,039       101,031  
Purchases of preferred stock
    (115 )     (1 )                 (1,606 )     (16 )                 (9,872 )                                   (9,889 )      
Purchases of treasury shares
                                                                      (34,028 )     (96,951 )           (96,951 )      
Issuance of restricted shares under stock-based compensation
                                                    (1,651 )                 214       1,742             91        
Issuance of operating partnership units
                                                                                              53  
Stock/unit-based compensation expense
                                                    5,761                                     5,761       981  
Forfeiture of restricted shares
                                        (17 )     (1 )     1                                            
Issuance of common shares upon conversion of operating partnership units
                                                    (10 )                 10       77             67       (67 )
Adjustments to noncontrolling interest balances assumed at acquisition
                                                                                  395       395        
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
                                                                                  52       52        
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
                                                                                  (1,354 )     (1,354 )      
Net income
                                                          129,194                         1,444       130,638       15,033  
Dividends declared
                                                          (73,670 )                             (73,670 )      
Dividends declared — Preferred A shares
                                                          (4,855 )                             (4,855 )      
Dividends declared — Preferred B-1 shares
                                                          (5,735 )                             (5,735 )      
Dividends declared — Preferred D shares
                                                          (16,052 )                             (16,052 )      
Dividends declared — Operating partnership units
                                                                                              (9,562 )
Unrealized loss on derivatives
                                                                (734 )                 (218 )     (952 )      
Reclassification to interest expense
                                                                58                         58        
Foreign currency translation adjustments
                                                                (126 )                       (126 )      
Adjustment resulting from sale of property
                                                                57                         57        
 
                                                                                               
Balance at December 31, 2008
    2,185     $ 22           $       6,394     $ 64       122,749     $ 1,227     $ 1,450,146     $ (124,782 )   $ (860 )     (36,194 )   $ (113,598 )   $ 19,355     $ 1,231,574     $ 107,469  
 
                                                                                               
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

22


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
                       
Net income
  $ 145,671     $ 36,438     $ 43,073  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    174,365       168,586       52,863  
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint venture
    2,205              
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint venture
    1,800              
Income from derivatives
    (10,352 )                
Gains on sales of properties
    (48,514 )     (35,071 )      
Loss on reclassification from discontinued to continuing operations
                863  
Amortization of loan costs, write-off of loan costs, premiums and exit fees
    7,650       15,885       2,826  
Amortization discounts and deferred costs and income on notes receivable
    (9,051 )     25       (317 )
Unrealized (gains)/losses on derivatives
    (79,620 )     211       16  
Stock-based compensation
    6,834       6,225       5,204  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities —
                       
Restricted cash
    (16,934 )     (29,773 )     22,555  
Accounts receivable and inventories
    13,607       9,950       5,650  
Prepaid expenses and other assets
    6,570       (2,210 )     (2,204 )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    (39,327 )     31,432       10,531  
Other liabilities
    (9,961 )     (45,961 )     (1,369 )
 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
    144,943       155,737       139,691  
 
                 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
                       
Acquisitions/originations of notes receivable
    (138,039 )     (21,500 )     (37,308 )
Proceeds from sale/payments of notes receivable
    23,165       30,083       42,777  
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture
    (17,877 )            
Acquisitions of hotel properties
          (2,059,155 )     (540,638 )
Improvements and additions to hotel properties
    (127,293 )     (127,271 )     (47,749 )
Net proceeds from sales of properties
    428,499       304,943       17,445  
 
                 
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
    168,455       (1,872,900 )     (565,473 )
 
                 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
                       
Borrowings on indebtedness and capital leases
    833,400       1,986,037       491,958  
Repayments of indebtedness and capital leases
    (741,634 )     (832,090 )     (271,444 )
Penalties paid on early extinguishment of indebtedness
          (2,390 )      
Payments of loan costs
    (7,845 )     (11,785 )     (3,330 )
Payments of dividends
    (138,620 )     (111,375 )     (66,093 )
Purchases of treasury stock
    (96,920 )     (18,919 )      
Purchase of preferred stock
    (9,889 )            
Payments for derivatives
    (9,914 )            
Cash income from derivatives
    8,599              
Proceeds from follow-on public offerings
          548,249       290,092  
Proceeds from issuance of Series C preferred stock
          193,319        
Proceeds from issuance of Series D preferred stock
          193,839        
Redemption of Series C preferred stock
          (195,700 )      
Distributions to joint venture partners
    (1,354 )     (13,153 )      
Other
    105       (10 )     (53 )
 
                 
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities
    (164,072 )     1,736,022       441,130  
 
                 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
    149,326       18,859       15,348  
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate on cash
          69        
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    92,271       73,343       57,995  
 
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
  $ 241,597     $ 92,271     $ 73,343  
 
                 
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
                       
Interest paid
  $ 160,255     $ 138,266     $ 45,033  
Income taxes paid
  $ 276     $ 701     $ 1,283  
Supplemental Disclosure of Investing and Financing Activities
                       
Note receivable contributed to unconsolidated joint venture
  $ 5,230     $     $  
Hotel properties and capital leases acquired
  $     $ 2,529,214     $ 643,018  
Debt and capital leases assumed in acquisition
  $     $ 455,320     $ 55,427  
Net other liabilities acquired (net of other assets acquired and cash received)
  $     $ 14,739     $ 46,953  
Non-cash dividends on Series C preferred stock
  $     $ 845     $  
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

23


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
1. Organization and Description of Business
     Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (“Ashford”) is a self-advised real estate investment trust (“REIT”) which commenced operations on August 29, 2003 when it completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) and concurrently consummated certain other formation transactions, including the acquisition of six hotels (“Initial Properties”). Ashford owns its lodging investments and conducts its business through Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, the operating partnership. Ashford OP General Partner LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the REIT, serves as the sole general partner of our operating partnership. In this report, the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and all entities included in its consolidated financial statements.
     As of December 31, 2008, we owned 97 hotel properties directly and six hotel properties through equity investments with joint venture partners, which represents 23,255 total rooms, or 22,913 net rooms excluding those attributable to joint venture partners. All of these hotel properties are located in the United States. As of December 31, 2008, we also wholly owned $212.8 million of mezzanine or first-mortgage loans receivable. In addition, at December 31, 2008, we had a 25% ownership in $75.2 million of mezzanine loans held in a joint venture. See Notes 3 and 6.
     For federal income tax purposes, we elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), which imposes limitations related to operating hotels. As of December 31, 2008, 102 of our hotel properties were leased or owned by our wholly-owned subsidiaries that are treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries for federal income tax purposes (collectively, these subsidiaries are referred to as “Ashford TRS”). Ashford TRS then engages third-party or affiliated hotel management companies to operate the hotels under management contracts. Hotel operating results related to these properties are included in the consolidated results of operations. As of December 31, 2008, one hotel property was leased on a triple-net lease basis to a third-party tenant who operates the hotel. Rental income from this operating lease is included in the consolidated results of operations.
     In April 2007, we acquired a 51-property hotel portfolio (“CNL Portfolio”) from CNL Hotels and Resorts, Inc. (“CNL”). Pursuant to the purchase agreement, we acquired 100% of 33 properties and interests ranging from 70% to 89% in 18 properties through existing joint ventures. In conjunction with the CNL transaction, we acquired the 15% remaining joint venture interest in one hotel property not owned by CNL at the acquisition and acquired in May 2007 two other hotel properties previously owned by CNL (collectively, the “CNL Acquisition”). In December 2007, we completed an asset swap with Hilton Hotels Corporation (“Hilton”), whereby we surrendered our majority ownership interest in two hotel properties in exchange for Hilton’s minority ownership interest in nine hotel properties. Net of subsequent sales and the asset swap, 43 of these hotels were included in our hotel property portfolio at December 31, 2008.
     Remington Lodging & Hospitality, L.P. and Remington Management, L.P. (collectively, “Remington Lodging”), two of our primary property managers, are beneficially wholly owned by Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., our Chairman, and Mr. Montgomery J. Bennett, our Chief Executive Officer. As of December 31, 2008, Remington Lodging managed 40 of our 103 hotel properties while third-party management companies managed the remaining 63 hotel properties.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
     Basis of Presentation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ashford, its majority-owned subsidiaries and its majority-owned joint ventures in which it has a controlling interest. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated in these consolidated financial statements.
     Marriott International, Inc. (“Marriott”) manages 41 of our properties. For these Marriott-managed hotels, the fiscal year reflects twelve weeks of operations for each of the first three quarters of the year and sixteen weeks for the fourth quarter of the year. Therefore, in any given quarterly period, period-over-period results will have different ending dates. For Marriott-managed hotels, the fourth quarters of 2008, 2007 and 2006 ended January 2, 2009, December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006, respectively.

24


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     Use of Estimates — The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
     Cash and Cash Equivalents — Cash and cash equivalents represent cash on hand or held in banks and short-term investment with an initial maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.
     Restricted Cash — Restricted cash includes reserves for debt service, real estate taxes, and insurance, as well as excess cash flow deposits and reserves for furniture, fixtures, and equipment replacements of approximately 4% to 6% of property revenue for certain hotels, as required by certain management or mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions. Restricted cash also includes cash collateral deposited with us related to one mezzanine loan that may be used by us toward the payments of principal and interest of the loan and any other amounts due under the loan in the event of default.
     Accounts Receivable — Accounts receivable consists primarily of meeting and banquet room rental and hotel guest receivables. We generally do not require collateral. Ongoing credit evaluations are performed and an allowance for potential credit losses is provided against the portion of accounts receivable that is estimated to be uncollectible.
     Inventories — Inventories, which primarily consist of food, beverages, and gift store merchandise, are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.
     Investments in Hotel Properties — Hotel properties are generally stated at cost. However, the Initial Properties contributed upon the Ashford’s formation are stated at the predecessor’s historical cost, net of any impairment charges, if any, plus the noncontrolling interests partial step-up related to the acquisition of noncontrolling interests from third parties associated with four of the Initial Properties. In addition, in connection with the acquisition of the 51-hotel property portfolio from CNL Hotels and Resorts, Inc. (the “CNL Portfolio”) on April 11, 2007, and subsequent asset swap completed on December 15, 2007, we own between 75% to 89% ownership interests in certain hotel properties owned by joint ventures. For these hotel properties, the carrying basis attributable to the joint venture partners’ noncontrolling interests is recorded at the predecessor’s historical cost, net of any impairment charges, while the carrying basis attributable to our controlling interest is recorded based on the allocated purchase price of our ownership interests in the joint ventures. All improvements and additions which extend the useful life of the hotel properties are capitalized.
     Intangible Assets — Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are reviewed annually for impairment.
     Impairment of Investment in Hotel Properties and Hotel Related Intangibles — Hotel properties and hotel related intangibles are reviewed for impairment at each balance sheet date. We test for impairment in several situations, including when current or projected cash flows are less than historical cash flows, when it becomes more likely than not that a hotel property will be sold before its previously estimated useful life expires, and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that a hotel property’s net book value or our value of the related intangibles may not be recoverable. In evaluating the impairment of hotel properties and hotel related intangibles, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, holding period, expected useful life, future capital expenditures, and fair values, which considers capitalization rates, discount rates, and comparable selling prices. If an asset was deemed to be impaired, we would establish an allowance for losses with the corresponding to an impairment charge for the amount that the property’s net book value exceeds its fair value. To date, no such impairment charges have been recorded.
     Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture — Investment in a joint venture in which we have a 25% ownership is accounted for under the equity method of accounting by recording the initial investment and our percentage of interest in the joint venture’s net income. The equity accounting method is employed due to the fact that we do not control the joint venture pursuant to the guidance provided by Emerging Issue Task Force (“EITF”)

25


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Abstract No. 04-5, “Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights.”
     Notes Receivable — We provide mezzanine and first-mortgage financing in the form of notes receivable, which are recorded at cost, adjusted for net origination fees and costs. These loans are held for investment and are intended to be held to maturity and accordingly, are recorded at cost, net of unamortized loan origination costs and fees, loan purchase discounts and net of the allowance for losses when such loan is deemed to be impaired. Premiums, discounts, and net origination fees are amortized or accreted as an adjustment to interest income using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. We discontinue accruing interest and amortizing discounts/premiums when the contractual payment of interest and/or principal is past due. Unpaid interest accrued and discounts amortized are reversed.
     In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” as revised (“FIN No. 46(R)”), variable interest entities, as defined, must be consolidated by their primary beneficiaries if the variable interest entities do not effectively disperse risks among parties involved. Our mezzanine and first-mortgage loans receivable are each secured by various hotel properties or partnership interests in hotel properties and are subordinate to primary loans related to the secured hotels. All such loans receivable are considered to be variable interests in the entities that own the related hotels, which are variable interest entities. However, we are not considered to be the primary beneficiary of these hotel properties as a result of holding these loans. Therefore, we do not consolidate such hotels for which it has provided financing. Interests in entities acquired or created in the future will be evaluated based on FIN No. 46(R) criteria, and such entities will be consolidated, if required. In evaluating FIN No. 46(R) criteria, our analysis involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.
     Impairment of Notes Receivable — We review notes receivables for impairment at each balance sheet date pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 5 and 15.” A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts recorded as assets on the balance sheet according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. We apply normal loan review and underwriting procedures (as may be implemented or modified from time to time) in making that judgment. We stop recording interest when payments are not current.
     When a loan is impaired, we measure impairment based on the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate against the value of the asset recorded on the balance sheet. We may also measure impairment based on a loan’s observable market price or the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If a loan is deemed to be impaired, we would record a reserve for loan losses through a charge to income for any shortfall. Our assessment of impairment is based on considerable judgment and estimates. Based on our assessment and judgment, no such impairment charges have been recorded for our notes receivable as of December 31, 2008. However, a loss reserve was established for a note receivable held by our unconsolidated joint venture in which we have a 25% ownership. See Note 6.
     Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations — We classify assets as held for sale when management has obtained a firm commitment from a buyer, and the consummation of the sale is considered probable and expected within one year. The related operations of assets held for sale are reported as discontinued if a) such operations and cash flows can be clearly distinguished, both operationally and financially, from our ongoing operations, b) such operations and cash flows will be eliminated from ongoing operations once the disposal occurs, and c) we will not have any significant continuing involvement subsequent to the disposal.
     Deferred Costs, net — Deferred loan costs are recorded at cost and amortized over the terms of the related indebtedness using the effective interest method. Deferred franchise fees are amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related franchise agreements.
     Due to/from Affiliates — Due to/from affiliates represents current receivables and payables resulting from transactions related to hotel management and project management with affiliated entities. Due from affiliates results primarily from advances of shared costs incurred. Due to affiliates results primarily from hotel management and

26


 

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
project management fees incurred. Both due to and due from affiliates are generally settled within a period not to exceed one year.
     Due to/from Third-Party Hotel Managers — Due from third-party hotel managers primarily consists of amounts due from Marriott related to cash reserves held at the Marriott corporate level related to capital, insurance, real estate taxes, and other items.
     Unfavorable Management Contract Liabilities — Certain management agreements assumed in the acquisitions of a hotel in 2006 and the CNL acquisition in 2007 have terms that are more favorable to the respective managers than typical market management agreements at the acquisition dates. As a result, we recorded unfavorable contract liabilities related those management agreements totaling $23.4 million based on the present value of expected cash outflows over the initial terms of the related agreements. The unfavorable contract liabilities are amortized as reductions to incentive management fees on a straight-line basis over the initial terms of the related agreements. In evaluating unfavorable contract liabilities, our analysis involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.
     Guarantees — Upon acquisition of the 51-hotel CNL portfolio on April 11, 2007, we assumed certain guarantees, which represent funds provided by third-party hotel managers to guarantee minimum returns for certain hotel properties. As we are obligated to repay such amounts through increased incentive management fees through cash reimbursements, such guarantees are recorded as other liabilities. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, these liabilities totaled $344,000 and $568,000, respectively.
     Revenue Recognition — Hotel revenues, including room, food, beverage, and ancillary revenues such as long-distance telephone service, laundry, and space rentals, are recognized when services have been rendered. Rental income, representing income from leasing hotel properties to third-party tenants on triple-net operating leases, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Interest income, representing interest on the mezzanine and first mortgage loan portfolio (including accretion of discounts on certain loans using the effective interest method), is recognized when earned. Asset management fees, representing primarily asset management services performed on behalf of a related party (including services such as risk management and insurance procurement, tax assistance, franchise agreements and equipment leases negotiations, monitoring loan covenants compliance, capital and operating budgets preparation, and property litigation management), are recognized when services are rendered. Taxes collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not recorded in revenue. For the hotel leased to a third party, we report deposits into our escrow accounts for capital expenditure reserves as income.
     Other Expenses — Other expenses include telephone charges, guest laundry, valet parking, and hotel-level general and administrative fees, sales and marketing expenses, repairs and maintenance, franchise fees and utility cost. They are expensed as incurred.
     Advertising Costs — Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we incurred advertising costs of $5.1 million, $3.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Advertising costs related to continuing operations are included in “Other expenses” in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
     Stock-based Compensation — Stock-based compensation is accounted for in accordance with SFAS 123(R), “Share-Based Payment” at the fair value based on the market price of the shares at the date of grant. The fair value is charged to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the shares.
     Depreciation and Amortization — Owned hotel properties are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the assets and leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related assets. Presently, hotel properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over lives ranging from 15 to 39 years for buildings and improvements and three to five years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. While we believe our estimates are reasonable, a change in estimated lives could affect depreciation expense and net income (loss) as well as resulting gains or losses on potential hotel sales.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     Income Taxes — As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on the portion of our net income (loss) that does not relate to taxable REIT subsidiaries. However, Ashford TRS is treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary for federal income tax purposes. In accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” we account for income taxes related to Ashford TRS using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective bases. In addition, the analysis utilized by us in determining our deferred tax asset valuation allowance involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.
     In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN No. 48”), effective January 1, 2007. FIN No. 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken in a tax return. FIN No. 48 requires that a determination be made as to whether it is “more likely than not” that a tax position taken, based on its technical merits, will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any appeals and litigation processes. If the more-likely-than-not threshold is met, the related tax position must be measured to determine the amount of provision or benefit, if any, to recognize in the financial statements. FIN No. 48 applies to all tax positions related to income taxes subject to FASB Statement No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” but does not apply to tax positions related to FASB Statement No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies.” We and our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states, and in Canada (2008 is final year for Canadian filings). Tax years 2005 through 2007 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities, respectively. No income tax examinations are currently in process. As we determined no material unrecognized tax benefits or liabilities exist, the adoption of FIN No. 48, effective January 1, 2007, did not impact our financial condition or results of operations. We classify interest and penalties related to underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense.
     Derivative Instruments and Hedging — We primarily use interest rate derivatives to hedge our asset cash flows. We also use non-hedge derivatives to capitalize on the historical correlation between changes in LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) and RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room). Interest rate swaps involve the exchange of fixed-rate payments for variable-rate payments over the life of the derivative agreements without exchange of the underlying principal amount. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges provide us with interest rate protection above the strike rate on the cap and result in us receiving interest payments when actual rates exceed the cap strike. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivative and the hedged item related to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings and included in “Other income” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is initially reported in other comprehensive income (outside of earnings) and subsequently reclassified to interest expense when the hedged transaction affects earnings, while the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized directly in earnings. We assess the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in fair value or cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument with the changes in fair value or cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction. For derivatives not designated as hedges, changes in the fair value are recognized in earnings. We record all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value.
     Income Per Share — Basic income per common share is calculated by dividing net income/(loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares, whereby such exercise or conversion would result in lower income per share.
     Reclassifications — Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 have been reclassified to conform to the presentation format adopted in 2008. These reclassifications have no effect on the net income or financial position previously reported.
     Recently Adopted Accounting Standards — In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” which provides enhanced guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities. SFAS 157 establishes a common definition of fair value, provides a framework for measuring fair value under accounting

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
principles generally accepted in the United States and expands disclosure requirements about fair value measurements. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 157-2 to delay the effective date of SFAS 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.
     In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This standard permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. SFAS 159 must be applied prospectively, and the effect of the first remeasurement to fair value, if any, should be reported as a cumulative — effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings.
     We adopted these statements as of January 1, 2008 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations. Additional disclosures in accordance with SFAS 157 have been included in Note 12. We did not elect to measure additional items at fair value under SFAS 159.
     In December 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 140-4 and FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)—8, “Disclosures by Public Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities,”, effective for the first financial reporting period ending after December 15, 2008, to require public entities to provide additional disclosures about transfers of financial assets. It also requires public enterprises including sponsors that have a variable interest in a variable interest entity, to provide additional disclosures about their involvement with variable interest entities. The adoption of this statement did not have any impact on our financial position and results of operations.
     Recently Issued Accounting Standards — In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007) (“SFAS 141R”), “Business Combinations.” SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer of a business recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree. The statement also provides guidance for recognizing and measuring the goodwill acquired in the business combination and determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combinations. SFAS 141R is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We expect SFAS 141R will affect our consolidated financial statements when effective, but the nature and magnitude of the specific effects will depend upon the nature, term and size of the acquisitions, if any, we consummate after the effective date.
     In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements,” effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. SFAS 160 states that accounting and reporting for minority interests will be re-characterized as non-controlling interests and classified as a component of equity. SFAS 160 applies to all entities that prepare consolidated financial statements, except not-for-profit organizations, and will impact the recording of minority interest. See Note 25 for the impact of the adoption of SFAS 160.
     In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. SFAS 161 changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. There will be additional disclosure needed upon adoption of SFAS 161.
     In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles,” effective 60 days following SEC approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. SFAS 162 identifies sources of accounting principles and a framework for selecting the principles to be used in preparation of financial statements that are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (the GAAP Hierarchy). We do not expect this statement will result in changes to our current practice.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
3. Summary of Significant Transactions in 2008 and Recent Developments
     Investing in Mezzanine Loans — On January 22, 2008, we formed a joint venture (the “PREI JV”) with Prudential Real Estate Investors (“PREI”) to invest in structured debt and equity hotel investments in the United States. We and PREI have contributed the capital required for each mezzanine investment on a 25%/75% basis, respectively. We are entitled to annual management and sourcing fees, reimbursement of expenses, and a promoted yield equal to a current 1.3x the venture yield subject to maximum threshold limitations, but further enhanced by an additional promote based upon a total net return to PREI. PREI’s equity is in a senior position on each investment. On February 6, 2008, PREI acquired a 75% interest in our $21.5 million mezzanine loan receivable, which we originated December 5, 2007, and is secured by two hotels maturing January 2018. Simultaneously, we and PREI capitalized the joint venture by contributing this $21.5 million mezzanine loan receivable to the joint venture. Subsequently in late 2008, as a result of this loan being in default, we and the joint venture partner determined to provide an allowance for losses for the entire balance of the note and related deferred loan costs. See Note 6.
     In addition, we completed the following mezzanine loans transactions including the loan acquired through the PREI JV ($ in thousands):
                                                         
                                    Discounted        
                            Original   Acquisition   Percentage of   Amount
Source   Interest Rate   Maturity   Collateral   Principal   Price   Ownership   Recorded
Company originated
  LIBOR + 9%     2011     1 hotel   $ 7,056     $       100 %   $ 7,056  
Company acquired
    9.66 %     2017     1 hotel   $ 38,000     $ 32,956       100 %     32,956  
PREI JV acquired (1)
  LIBOR + 2.75%     2010     29 hotels   $ 84,032     $ 69,904       25 %     17,476  
Company acquired
  LIBOR + 2.5%     2009     681 hotels   $ 164,000     $ 98,400       100 %     98,400  
 
(1)   Reported as “Investment in unconsolidated joint venture” in the accompanying financial statements.
     Sales of Properties — We completed the sale of nine hotel properties and an office building for an aggregate sales price of $437.1 million. Net proceeds from the sales were $428.5 million and a net gain of $48.5 million was recognized. In connection with sales, we repaid a total of $251.9 million of related outstanding mortgage debt. In connection with the repayments of debt, we wrote off unamortized loan costs of $1.8 million and debt premiums of $2.1 million.
     Debt Financing and Refinancing — We refinanced our debt of $73.1 million maturing in 2008 secured by two hotel properties, with a new $53.4 million interest only loan bearing an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.0%, maturing in 2011. With subsequent payoff upon the sale of one hotel property, the outstanding balance on this loan at December 31, 2008 was $19.7 million. We also refinanced our debt of $127.2 million maturing in 2009, a loan secured by interests in two hotel properties owned through a joint venture, with a new $160.0 million loan bearing an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.75%, maturing 2011 with two one-year extensions. In addition, we obtained a $55.0 million loan on a hotel property, bearing an interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.75%, maturing in 2010 with two one-year extensions. In connection with these financings, we were required by the lenders to enter into three interest rate cap agreements with notional amounts totaling $215.0 million to hedge the interest rate risk at a strike rate of 5.0% for two years. Additionally, we obtained a $65.0 million loan on another hotel property, bearing interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.5%, maturing in 2011 with two one-year extensions. Along with this financing, we entered into an interest rate cap with a notional amount of $52.0 million interest rate cap and a strike rate of 5.75% for three years. The $65.0 million loan was subsequently repaid and the $52.0 million interest rate cap was sold in connection with the sale of the hotel property securing this loan. Proceeds from these borrowings were used to pay for the acquisition of the $98.4 million mezzanine loan (book value at December 31, 2008 was $106.4 million) and for other general corporate purposes. See Note 5 and 10.
     Interest Rate Derivative Transactions — To hedge our asset cash flows, we enter into derivative transactions with major financial institutions. In March 2008, we executed a five-year interest rate swap on $1.8 billion of fixed-rate debt at a weighted average interest rate of 5.84% for a floating interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.64%. In conjunction with the swap execution, we sold a five-year LIBOR floor notional amount of $1.8 billion at 1.25% and purchased a LIBOR cap notional amount of $1.0 billion at 3.75% for the first three years. On September 30, 2008, we entered into an additional LIBOR interest rate cap with $800 million notional amount at 3.75% effective October 14, 2008 for one year. Subsequently in December 2008, we purchased a one-year $1.8 billion notional amount

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
interest flooridor to bring down the LIBOR floor to 0.75%. Under this flooridor, the counterparties will pay us the interest on the $1.8 billion notional amount when the interest rates are below the original floor of 1.25% and above the new floor of 0.75%. The upfront cost of the swap, LIBOR cap, and floor transactions was $8.8 million. The net fair value at December 31, 2008 was $88.5 million. See Notes 11 and 12.
     In connection with the debt financings of $160.0 million and $55.0 million mentioned above, we entered into three LIBOR interest rate caps with notional amounts totaling $215.0 million at 5.0% maturing in 2010 and 2011 for $1.1 million. These interest rate caps are designated as cash flow hedges and had a fair value of $88,000 at December 31, 2008. In addition, with the $65.0 million financing, we purchased a LIBOR interest rate cap with a notional amount of $52.0 million at 5.75% maturing in 2011 for $123,000. The $65.0 million loan was subsequently repaid and the $52.0 million interest rate cap was sold in connection with the sale of the hotel property securing this loan.
     Authorization of Repurchases of Common and Preferred Shares — On September 5, 2008, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $75 million of our common stock that may be purchased under the share repurchase program. We had completed all of the repurchase of the $50 million previously allocated under our existing share repurchase program. In November 2008, the Board of Directors modified the $75 million authorization to include both common and preferred shares. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we have repurchased 34.0 million shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $96.9 million, and 114,500 shares of our Series A preferred stock and 1.6 million shares of our Series D preferred stock for an aggregate purchase price of $9.9 million.
4. Investment in Hotel Properties
     In April 2007, we acquired a 51-property hotel portfolio (“CNL Portfolio”) from CNL Hotels and Resorts, Inc. (“CNL”). Pursuant to the purchase agreement, we acquired 100% of 33 properties and interests ranging from 70% to 89% in 18 properties through existing joint ventures. In conjunction with the CNL transaction, we acquired the 15% remaining joint venture interest in one hotel property not owned by CNL at the acquisition and acquired in May 2007 two other hotel properties previously owned by CNL (collectively, the “CNL Acquisition”). In December 2007, we completed an asset swap with Hilton Hotels Corporation (“Hilton”), whereby we surrendered our majority ownership interest in two hotel properties in exchange for Hilton’s minority ownership interest in nine hotel properties. Net of subsequent sales and the asset swap, 43 of these hotels were included in our hotel property portfolio at December 31, 2008. Investment in hotel properties consisted of the following at December 31, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Land
  $ 531,336     $ 567,438  
Buildings and improvements
    3,065,744       3,226,708  
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
    359,397       278,598  
Construction in progress
    11,121       68,569  
 
           
Total cost
    3,967,598       4,141,313  
Accumulated depreciation
    (399,383 )     (255,576 )
 
           
Investment in hotel properties, net
  $ 3,568,215     $ 3,885,737  
 
           
     In 2008, an intangible asset of $10.7 million relating to advance bookings preliminarily recorded in connection with the CNL Acquisition was reclassified to buildings as a result of a third-party valuation. We finalized the allocation of the CNL Acquisition purchase price in 2008 based on the final appraisals performed by a third-party appraiser (see Note 9).
     Of the total hotel properties at December 31, 2007, the carrying value of $293.4 million related to seven hotel properties that were sold in 2008. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we recognized depreciation expense, including depreciation of assets under capital leases, of $173.6 million, $167.9 million and $52.4 million, respectively.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     We performed impairment tests under the provisions prescribed by SFAS 144, “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” An impairment loss shall be recognized only if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable. The impairment is measured based on the difference between the discounted cash flows of the long-lived assets and their carrying amounts. In performing these tests, we estimated the long-lived assets’ holding periods and cash flows, which included estimated sales prices at the end of the holding periods. The capitalization rates used in our cash flow estimates were determined by using historical market information from brokers adjusted by management to reflect current trends. Based on these analyses, management determined that no impairment had occurred.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
5. Notes Receivable
     Notes receivable consisted of the following at December 31, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Mezzanine loan secured by various mortgage-backed securities sponsored by government agencies, matures September 2011, at an interest rate of 14% (12% pay rate with deferred interest through the first two years), with interest-only payments through maturity
  $ 11,000     $ 11,000  
Mezzanine loan secured by one hotel property, matures July 2010, at an interest rate of 14%, with interest-only payments through maturity
          4,000  
Mezzanine loan secured by one hotel property, matured September 2008, with a one-year extension option, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 11.15%, with interest-only payments through maturity
          3,000  
First mortgage loan secured by one hotel property, matured October 2008, with two one-year extension options, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 9%, with interest-only payments through maturity
    18,200       18,200  
Mezzanine loan secured by 105 hotel properties, matures April 2009, with three one-year extension options at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 5%, with interest-only payments through maturity
    25,694       25,694  
Mezzanine loan secured by one hotel property, matures September 2009, with two one-year extension options, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 6.5%, with interest-only payments through maturity
    7,000       7,000  
Mezzanine loan secured by one hotel property, matures July 2009, with two one-year extension options, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 5.75%, with interest-only payments through maturity
    4,000       4,000  
Mezzanine loan secured by two hotel properties, matures January 2018, with two one-year extension options, at an interest rate of 14%, with interest-only payments through maturity (1)
          21,500  
Mezzanine loan secured by one hotel property, matures January 2011, with two one-year extension options, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 9%, with interest-only payments through maturity
    7,056        
Mezzanine loan with principal balance of $38.0 million secured by one hotel property, matures June 2017, at an interest rate of 9.66%, with interest-only payments through maturity
    33,445        
Mezzanine loan with principal balance of $164.0 million secured by 681 extended-stay hotel properties, matures June 2009, with three one-year extension options, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.5%, with interest-only payments through maturity
    106,376        
 
           
Gross notes receivable
    212,771       94,394  
Deferred loan cost/(income), net
    44       (169 )
 
           
Net notes receivable
  $ 212,815     $ 94,225  
 
           
Weighted average effective interest rate
    16.5 %     12.4 %
 
           
 
(1)   This note was contributed to the PREI JV at its formation. We own a 25% interest in the joint venture which is reported as “Investment in unconsolidated joint venture” at December 31, 2008. See Note 6.
     In general, our notes receivable have extension options, prohibit prepayment through a certain period, and require decreasing prepayment penalties through maturities.
     We review our mezzanine loans for impairment individually. In the fourth quarter of 2008, the $18.2 million junior participation note receivable reached its initial maturity. The principal and accrued interest payments were not made. In accordance with our accounting policy, we discontinued accruing interest on this loan. The underlying

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
hotel property in Nevis suffered significant damage by hurricane Omar. A recent appraisal for this asset by a third party indicates three sets of values: (i) an “as is” damaged condition, (ii) a prospective value after repairs completed (estimated in September 2009), and (iii) a prospective value when operations stabilize. Based on the recent third-party appraisal along with the anticipated insurance proceeds, we concluded there was no loss reserves were needed for this note receivable.
     The $98.4 million mezzanine loan acquired in July 2008 that is secured by 681 extended stay hotel properties was purchased at a significant discount. This discount is being amortized over the life of the loan including extension periods. As of December 31, 2008, the debt service requirements were met as a result of a significant drop in LIBOR rates. The determination to record the full amount of the discount was based on considerable judgment and estimates and it is our belief at this time that we will receive the full amount of $164.0 million due under the loan. Any changes in estimates would have material impacts on our financial statements. Accordingly, we recognized discount amortization of $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008.
6. Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture
     We have a 25% of ownership in the PREI JV which invests in mezzanine loans. At December 31, 2008, our investment in the PREI JV consisted of the following (in thousands):
         
25% of a mezzanine loan acquired at a discounted price (principal balance of $21,000), secured by 29 hotel properties, matures August 2010 with two one-year extension options, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.75%, and with interest-only payments through maturity
  $ 18,759  
25% of a mezzanine loan at par value secured by two hotel properties, matures January 2018, at an interest rate of 14%, with interest-only payments through maturity
    5,461  
Allowance for loan losses
    (5,461 )
Other, net
    160  
Distributions
    (1,800 )
Equity income before discounts amortization of $1,251 and impairment charge of $5,461
    2,003  
 
     
Total
  $ 19,122  
 
     
     Beginning October 2008, the borrower of the mezzanine note receivable of $21.5 million maturing 2018 defaulted on debt service payments on both the first mortgage and its mezzanine loan. After an impairment test, we and our joint venture partner determined to provide a loss reserve for the entire amount of the loan balance of $21.5 million and related deferred loan costs. The allowance for losses of $5.5 million above reflects our 25% share of the impairment charge taken by the PREI JV.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
7. Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
     During the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we completed the sale of 10, 21 and 10 properties, respectively. Operating results related to these properties during the periods we owned are included in income from discontinued operations. The following table summarizes the operating results of the assets held for sale and assets sold for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 ($ in thousands):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
Number of properties:
                       
Properties classified as held for sale at end of period
          10       22  
Properties sold during the period
    10       23       10  
 
                 
Total included in discontinued operations
    10       33       32  
 
                 
 
                       
Results of operations:
                       
Operating revenues
  $ 80,939     $ 248,789     $ 127,295  
Operating expenses
    65,247       188,643       95,858  
 
                 
Operating income
    15,692       60,146       31,437  
Depreciation and amortization
    (6,635 )     (30,432 )     (12,133 )
Loss from reclassification from discontinued to continuing
                (863 )
Gain on sales of properties
    48,514       35,071        
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
    (3,479 )     (20,061 )     (5,737 )
Write-off of loan costs, premiums and exit fees
    323       (4,814 )     (687 )
 
                 
Income from discontinued operations before income taxes
    54,415       39,910       12,017  
Income tax (expense)/benefit
    (126 )     (1,764 )     64  
 
                 
Income from discontinued operations
    54,289       38,146       12,081  
Income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
          (1,997 )      
Income from discontinued operations attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    (5,101 )     (3,082 )     (1,509 )
 
                 
Income from discontinued operations attributable to the Company
  $ 49,188     $ 33,067     $ 10,572  
 
                 
8. Deferred Costs
     Deferred costs consist of the following at December 31, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Deferred loan costs
  $ 33,318     $ 32,552  
Deferred franchise fees
    4,066       4,155  
 
           
Total costs
    37,384       36,707  
Accumulated amortization
    (13,173 )     (10,993 )
 
           
Deferred costs, net
  $ 24,211     $ 25,714  
 
           
9. Intangibles
     Intangibles consist of the following at December 31, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Costs
  $ 3,166     $ 13,956  
Accumulated amortization
    (89 )     (67 )
 
           
Intangibles, net
  $ 3,077     $ 13,889  
 
           
     At December 31, 2008 and 2007, intangible of $3.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively, represented a favorable market-rate lease which relate to purchase price allocated to a hotel property in the CNL Portfolio and is

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
being amortized over the remaining lease term that expires in 2043. At December 31, 2007, intangibles also included $10.7 million related to advance booking preliminarily recorded in connection with the CNL Acquisition. In 2008, we finalized the allocation of the CNL Acquisition purchase price based on the final appraisal performed by a third-party appraiser and as a result, the $10.7 million advance booking intangible was reclassified to buildings.
     For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, amortization expense related to intangibles was $89,000, $67,000 and $211,000, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense is $89,000 for each of the next five years.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
10. Indebtedness
     Indebtedness and the carrying values of related collaterals were as follows (in thousands):
                                 
    December 31, 2008     December 31, 2007  
            Book             Book  
    Debt     Value of     Debt     Value of  
    Balance     Collateral     Balance     Collateral  
Mortgage loan secured by 25 hotel properties, matures between July 1, 2015 and February 1, 2016, at an average fixed interest rate of 5.42%
  $ 455,115     $ 539,397     $ 455,115     $ 546,642  
Mortgage loan secured by 16 hotel properties, matures between December 11, 2014 and December 11, 2015, at an average fixed interest rate of 5.73%
    211,475       178,330       211,475       182,437  
Mortgage loan secured by 28 hotel properties, matures April 11, 2017, at an average fixed interest rate of 5.95%
    928,465       1,158,536       928,465       1,096,580  
Loan secured by 10 hotel properties, matures May 2009, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.65%, with three one-year extension options
    167,202       234,441       213,889       262,833  
Credit facility secured by mezzanine notes receivable, matures April 9, 2010, at an interest of LIBOR plus a range of 2.75% to 3.5% depending on the indebtedness-to-value ratio, with two one-year extension options
    250,000       212,815       65,000       94,225  
Term loan secured by one hotel property, matured October 2008, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.0%, with three one-year extension options
                47,450       69,242  
Mortgage loan secured by one hotel property, matures December 1, 2017, at interest rate of 7.39% and 7.24% at December 31, 2008 and 2007 respectively, with a remaining premium of $1.4 million
    48,790       132,742       52,474       128,652  
Mortgage loan secured by one hotel property, matures December 8, 2016, at an interest rate of 5.81%
    101,000       114,479       101,000       119,051  
Mortgage loan secured by five hotel properties, matures December 11, 2009, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.72%, with two one-year extension options
    203,400       248,249       184,000       247,339  
Mortgage loan secured by one hotel property, matures August 1, 2010, at an interest rate of 8.08%
                45,630       63,253  
Mortgage loan secured by one hotel property, matures June 1, 2011, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2%
    19,740       66,495       42,185       65,259  
Mortgage loan secured by one hotel property, matured July 1, 2008, at an interest rate of 5.67%
                31,792       69,457  
Mortgage loan secured by one hotel property, matures January 1, 2011, at an interest rate of 8.32%
    5,966       8,613       6,102       8,308  
Mortgage loan secured by one hotel property, matures January 1, 2023, at an interest rate of 7.78%
    6,612       19,330       8,187       16,798  
TIF loan secured by one hotel property, matures June 30, 2018, at an interest rate of 12.85%
    7,783       102,902       7,783       102,049  
Mortgage loan secured by one hotel property, matures April 1, 2009, at an interest rate of 5.6%
    29,396       41,227       30,118       48,864  
Mortgage loan secured by three hotel properties, matures April 5, 2011, at an interest rate of 5.47%
    66,420       193,514       67,910       196,119  
Mortgage loan secured by four hotel properties, matures March 1, 2010, at an interest rate of 5.95%
    75,000       219,146       75,000       209,634  
Mortgage loan secured by two hotel properties, matured January 1, 2009, at an interest rate of 5.5%
                127,200       259,685  
Mortgage loan secured by two hotel properties, matures August 8, 2011 at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.75%, with two one-year extension options
    159,000       264,673              
Mortgage loan secured by one hotel property, matures September 9, 2010, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.75%, with two one-year extension options
    55,000       101,752              
 
                       
Total
    2,790,364       3,836,641       2,700,775       3,786,427  
Indebtedness related to assets held for sale
                (61,229 )     (72,803 )
 
                       
Indebtedness related continuing operations
  $ 2,790,364     $ 3,836,641     $ 2,639,546     $ 3,713,624  
 
                       

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     During 2008, we refinanced our debt of $73.1 million maturing in 2008 secured by two hotel properties, with a new $53.4 million interest only loan bearing an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.0%, maturing in 2011. With subsequent payoff upon the sale of one hotel property, the outstanding balance on this loan at December 31, 2008 was $19.7 million. We also refinanced our debt of $127.2 million maturing in 2009, a loan secured by interests in two hotel properties owned through a joint venture, with a new $160.0 million loan bearing an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.75%, maturing 2011 with two one-year extension options. This loan had a balance of $159.0 million at December 31, 2008. In addition, we obtained a $55.0 million loan on a hotel property, bearing an interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.75%, maturing in 2010 with two one-year extensions. In connection with these financings, we were required by the lenders to enter into two interest rate cap agreements with notional amounts totaling $215.0 million to hedge the interest rate risk at a strike rate of 5.0% for two years. Additionally, we obtained a $65.0 million loan on another hotel property, bearing interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.5%, maturing in 2011 with two one-year extensions. Along with this financing, we entered into an interest rate cap with a notional amount of $52.0 million interest rate cap and a strike rate of 5.75% for three years. The $65.0 million loan was subsequently repaid and the $52.0 million interest rate cap was sold in connection with the sale of the hotel property securing this loan. Proceeds from these borrowings were used to pay for the acquisition of the $98.4 million mezzanine loan and for other general corporate purposes.
     In late December 2008, we negotiated an amendment to our $300 million credit facility. The main provision changes to the facility, which expires in 2012 after extension, include (i) reducing the fixed charge coverage ratio, as defined, to 1.25x effective immediately until March 31, 2011, at which time the ratio steps up to 1.35x; (ii) reducing the revolver commitment level from $300 million to $250 million; (iii) reducing the maximum leverage ratio, as defined, from 75% to 65%; (iv) adjusting the previous interest spread of 1.65% to 2.75% upward to a spread of 2.75% to 3.50%; and (v) suspending the dividend to the minimum REIT requirements through 2009. LIBOR rates at December 31, 2008 and 2007 were 0.44% and 4.60%, respectively.
     The $55.0 million mortgage loan maturing September 9, 2010 is guaranteed by us. Under the loan agreement, there is a (i) full debt service guaranty and (ii) a 25% principal guaranty. The 25% principal guaranty is released upon the following conditions: (a) there is no default or event of default, as defined in the loan agreement (b) the property renovation is substantially complete, (c) the property achieves for six consecutive months an 11% debt yield using the original principal balance, and (d) a debt service coverage ratio for six consecutive months of not less than 1.15x, using an interest rate constant equal to the greater of the then current Bloomberg forward LIBOR curve and 8.5%.
     Maturities of indebtedness as of December 31, 2008 are as follows (in thousands):
                 
            Maturity  
    Initial     Including  
    Maturity     Extensions  
2009
  $ 408,326     $ 37,724  
2010
    392,692       392,692  
2011
    260,628       464,028  
2012
    28,805       196,007  
2013
    33,527       33,527  
Thereafter (1)
    1,665,007       1,665,007  
 
           
Total (1)
  $ 2,788,985     $ 2,788,985  
 
           
 
(1)   Do not reflect the premiums of $1.4 million that are being amortized as a reduction to interest expense.
     If we violate covenants in any debt agreements, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. Violations of certain debt covenants may result in us being unable to borrow unused amounts under a line of credit, even if repayment of some or all borrowings is not required. In any event, financial covenants under our current or future debt obligations could impair our planned business strategies by limiting our ability to borrow (i) beyond certain amounts or (ii) for certain purposes. Presently, our existing financial debt covenants primarily relate to maintaining minimum debt coverage ratios at certain properties, maintaining an overall minimum net worth, maintaining a maximum loan to value, and maintaining an overall minimum total assets.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
11. Derivatives and Hedging Activities
     We primarily use interest rate derivatives to hedge our asset cash flows. We also use non-hedge derivatives to capitalize on the historical correlation between changes in LIBOR and RevPAR. In connection with this strategy, we executed a five-year interest rate swap on $1.8 billion of fixed-rate debt at a weighted average interest rate of 5.84% for a floating interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.64%. In conjunction with the swap execution, we sold a five-year LIBOR floor notional amount of $1.8 billion at 1.25% and purchased a LIBOR cap notional amount of $1.0 billion at 3.75% for the first three years. On September 30, 2008, we entered into an additional LIBOR interest rate cap with $800 million notional amount at 3.75% effective October 14, 2008 for one year. Subsequently in December 2008, we purchased a one-year $1.8 billion interest flooridor to bring down the LIBOR floor to 0.75. Under this flooridor, the counterparties will pay us the interest on the $1.8 billion notional amount when the interest rates are below the original floor of 1.25% and above the new floor of 0.75%. The upfront cost of the swap, LIBOR cap, and floor transactions was $8.8 million. These derivatives are reported net in our consolidated balance sheets in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 39 (“FIN 39”), “Offsetting Amounts Related to Certain Contracts.” At December 31, 2008, the net fair value of these derivatives was $88.5 million (net of liabilities of $17.2 million related to our interest rate floor). Because these derivatives were not designated as hedges and did not qualify as hedges, the gains or losses from changes in fair value are recognized in other income. For the year ended December 31, 2008, unrealized gains of $79.7 million were recorded for the fair value changes. See Notes 12 and 21.
     During 2008, in connection with the debt financings of $160.0 million and $55.0 million, we entered into three LIBOR interest rate caps with notional amounts totaling $215.0 million at 5.0% maturing between 2010 and 2011 for $1.1 million. These interest rate caps are designated as cash flow hedges and had a fair value of $88,000 at December 31, 2008, unrealized loss of $30,000 related to the ineffective portion was recorded in earnings and $952,000 related to the effective portion was recorded in other comprehensive income for fair value changes. During the next twelve months, we expect $76,000 of accumulated comprehensive loss will be reclassified to interest expense.
     In addition, with the $65.0 million financing, we purchased a LIBOR interest rate cap with a notional amount of $52.0 million at 5.75% maturing in 2011 for $123,000. The $65.0 million loan was subsequently repaid and the $52.0 million interest rate cap was sold in connection with the sale of the hotel property securing this loan.
     We have six other interest rate caps with notional amounts totaling $622.0 million and interest rates ranging from 6.0% to 6.25% that we entered into during 2006 and 2007. Of these interest rate caps, $212.0 million were designated as cash flow hedges and the remaining $410.0 million did not meet the applicable hedge accounting criteria. At December 31, 2008, these derivatives had no fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, unrealized losses of $21,000, $211,000 and $16,000, respectively, were recorded in earnings for the fair value changes. During the next twelve months, we expect $114,000 of accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified to interest expense.
12. Fair Value Measurements
     On January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 applies to reported balances that are required or permitted to be measured at fair value under existing accounting pronouncements; accordingly, the standard does not require any new fair value measurements of reported balances.
     SFAS 157 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, SFAS 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy).
     Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset and liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
     Currently, we use interest rate swaps, interest rate floors and interest rate caps (collectively, the “interest rate derivatives”) to hedge our asset cash flows. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate derivatives are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts/payments and the discounted expected variable cash payments/receipts. The variable cash payments/receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate options are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates fell below the strike rate of the floors or rise above the strike rate of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the floor (cap) are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. To comply with the provisions of SFAS 157, we incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterparty’s non-performance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of our derivative contracts for the effect of non-performance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.
     We have determined that when a majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of their value hierarchy, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, when the valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counter-parties, which are significant (10% or more) to the overall valuation of our derivatives, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. For the non-hedge interest rate floor valuation and the hedge designated interest rate cap valuation, the Level 3 input relating to the credit spreads represented 23.4% and 11.0%, respectively, of the fair value at December 31, 2008, which we consider to be significant to the overall valuation of the respective derivatives; therefore, the fair values of these derivatives are reported as Level 3 valuation in their entirety.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2008, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which measurements fall (in thousands):
                                 
    Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using        
    Quoted Price                    
    In Active     Significant              
    Market for     Other     Significant        
    Identical     Observable     Unobservable        
    Assets     Inputs     Inputs     December 31,  
    (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)     2008  
Assets
                               
Non-hedge derivatives:
                               
Interest rate swap
  $     $ 99,206     $     $ 99,206  
Interest rate flooridor
          5,718             5,718  
Interest rate cap
          759             759  
 
                       
 
  $     $ 105,683     $     $ 105,683  
 
                       
 
                               
Liabilities
                               
Non-hedge derivatives:
                               
Interest rate floor
  $     $     $ (17,168 )   $ (17,168 )
Hedge derivatives:
                               
Interest rate cap
                88       88  
 
                       
 
  $     $     $ (17,080 )   $ (17,080 )
 
                       
     The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the derivatives that were measured using significant unobservable inputs is as follows (in thousands):
         
    Fair Value Measurements using  
    Significant Unobservable Inputs  
Balance at beginning of period
  $ 15  
Purchases
    1,069  
Sold
    (8,120 )
Unrealized losses included in earnings
    (9,092 )
Unrealized losses included in other comprehensive income
    (952 )
 
     
Balance at end of period
  $ (17,080 )
 
     
13. Noncontrolling Interests
     Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Joint Ventures — In connection with the CNL Acquisition and subsequent assets swap completed in 2007, noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures have ownership ranging from 11% to 25% in six hotel properties with total carrying value of $19.4 million and $19.0 million at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, is included in “Total equity” of the consolidated balance sheets.
     Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in Operating Partnership — Redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership represent the limited partners’ proportionate share of the equity in the operating partnership. In July 2006, we issued 3.8 million Class B units of the operating partnership in connection with a hotel property acquisition. Class B common units have a fixed dividend rate of 6.82% in years one to three and 7.2% thereafter, and have priority in payment of cash dividends over common units but otherwise have no preference over common units. Aside from the Class B units, all other outstanding units represent common units. Beginning one year after issuance, each common unit of limited partnership interest (including each Class B common unit) may be redeemed for either cash or one share of Ashford’s common stock at Ashford’s discretion, subject to contractual lock-up agreements that prevent holders of Class B common units from redeeming two-thirds of such units before 18 months and one-third of such units before two years from the issuance date of such units. Beginning ten years after issuance, each Class B unit may be converted into a common unit at either party’s discretion.
     During 2008, we issued 1,056,000 operating partnership units in the form of long term incentive partnership units (“LTIP units”) for $0.05 per unit to our executives. These LTIP units vest at specified rates between 2008 and 2012. Upon vesting, each LTIP unit can be converted by the holder into one common partnership unit of the

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
operating partnership which then can be redeemed for cash or, at Ashford’s election, settled in Ashford’s common stock. These LTIP units had an aggregate value of $6.6 million at the date of grant which is being amortized over the vesting period. Compensation expense of $982,000 was recognized for 2008 related to the LTIP units granted. The unamortized value of the LTIP units was $5.6 million at December 31, 2008 that will be amortized over a period of 3.7 years. During 2008, we declared cash distributions of $665,000, or $0.21 per unit per quarter for the first three quarters, related to the LTIP units. These distributions were recorded as a reduction of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership.
     At December 31, 2008 and 2007, operating partnership unit holders represented redeemable noncontrolling interest ownership of 14.3% and 9.98% in the operating partnership, respectively. A summary of the activity of the operating partnership units for each of the three years ended December 31, 2008 is as follow (in thousands):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,
    2008   2007   2006
Units outstanding at beginning of year
    13,347       13,512       11,092  
Units issued
    1,056             3,814  
Units converted to common shares
    (10 )     (165 )     (1,394 )
 
                       
Units outstanding at end of year
    14,393       13,347       13,512  
 
                       
14. Commitments and Contingencies
     Restricted Cash — Under certain management and debt agreements existing at December 31, 2008, we escrow payments required for insurance, real estate taxes, and debt service. In addition, for certain properties based on the terms of the underlying debt agreement, we escrow 4% to 6% of gross revenue for capital improvements.
     Franchise Fees — Under franchise agreements existing at December 31, 2008, we pay franchisors royalty fees between 2.5% and 6% of gross room revenue as well as fees for marketing, reservations, and other related activities aggregating between 1% and 3.75% of gross room revenue. These franchise agreements expire from 2011 through 2027. When a franchise term expires, the franchisor has no obligation to renew the franchise. A franchise termination could have a material adverse effect on the operations or the underlying value of the affected hotel due to loss of associated name recognition, marketing support, and centralized reservation systems provided by the franchisor. A franchise termination could also have a material adverse effect on cash available for distribution to stockholders. In addition, if we terminate a franchise prior to its expiration date, we may be liable for up to three times the average annual franchise fees incurred for that property.
     For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, we incurred franchise fees of $28.7 million, $27.9 million, and $18.0 million, respectively, which are included in indirect hotel operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
     Management Fees — Under management agreements existing at December 31, 2008, we pay a) monthly property management fees equal to the greater of $10,000 (CPI adjusted) or 3% of gross revenues, or in some cases 3% to 8.5% of gross revenues, as well as annual incentive management fees, if applicable, b) market service fees on approved capital improvements, including project management fees of up to 4% of project costs, for certain hotels, and c) other general fees at current market rates as approved by our independent directors, if required. These management agreements expire from 2011 through 2029, with renewal options. If we terminate a management agreement prior to its expiration, we may be liable for estimated management fees through the remaining term, liquidated damages or, in certain circumstances, we may substitute a new management agreement.
     Leases — We lease land and facilities under non-cancelable operating leases, which expire between 2040 and 2084, including six ground leases and one air lease related to its hotel properties. Several of these leases are subject to base rent plus contingent rent based on the related property’s financial results and escalation clauses. For the years ended December 2008, 2007 and 2006, our continuing operations recognized rent expense of $8.2 million, $7.0 million and $3.1 million, respectively, which included contingent rent of $2.1 million, $886,000 and $897,000, respectively. Rent expense related to continuing operations is included in other expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. We also own equipment acquired under capital leases which is included in

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
“Investment in hotel properties” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. These capital leases expire between 2009 and 2011, and have interest rates ranging between 4.4% and 10.5%.
     Future minimum rentals due under non-cancelable leases are as follows for each of the years ending December 31, (in thousands):
                 
    Operating     Capital  
    Leases     Leases  
2009
  $ 5,099     $ 126  
2010
    4,379       58  
2011
    4,077       38  
2012
    3,694        
2013
    3,557        
Thereafter
    186,314        
 
           
Total
  $ 207,120     $ 222 (1)
 
           
 
(1)   Includes related interest of $16,000.
     At December 31, 2008, we had capital commitments of $33.6 million relating to general capital improvements that are expected to be paid in the next 12 months.
     Employment Agreements — Our employment agreements with certain executive officers provide for minimum annual base salaries, other fringe benefits, and non-compete clauses as determined by the Board of Directors. The employment agreements terminate on December 31, 2009, with automatic one-year renewals, unless terminated by either party upon six months’ notice, subject to severance provisions.
     Litigation — We are currently subject to litigation arising in the normal course of our business. In the opinion of management, none of these lawsuits or claims against us, either individually or in the aggregate, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. In addition, management believes we have adequate insurance in place to cover any such significant litigation.
     Taxes — If we dispose of the four remaining properties contributed in connection with our initial public offering in 2003 in exchange for units of operating partnership, we may be obligated to indemnify the contributors, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer whom have substantial ownership interests, against the tax consequences of the sale. In addition, we agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain non-recourse mortgage indebtedness of at lease $16.0 million, which allows contributors of the Las Vegas hotel property to defer gain recognition in connection with their contribution.
     Additionally, for certain periods of time, we are prohibited from selling or transferring the Marriott Crystal Gateway in Arlington, Virginia, if as a result, the entity from which we acquired the property would recognize gain for federal tax purposes.
     Further, in connection with our acquisition of certain properties on March 16, 2005 that were contributed in exchange for units of operating partnership, we agreed to certain tax indemnities with respect to 11 of these properties. If we dispose of these properties or reduce debt on these properties in a transaction that results in a taxable gain to the contributors, we may be obligated to indemnify the contributors or their specified assignees against the tax consequences of the transaction.
     In general, tax indemnities equal the federal, state, and local income tax liabilities the contributor or their specified assignee incurs with respect to the gain allocated to the contributor. The contribution agreements’ terms generally require us to gross up tax indemnity payments for the amount of income taxes due as a result of such tax indemnities.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
15. Equity
     Common Stock — In follow-on public offerings, we issued common stock totaling 48.9 million and 27.1 million shares for net proceeds of $548.2 million and $290.1 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively. The proceeds were used to pay down and pay off our then existing credit facility, to retire certain mortgage loans and to acquire certain hotel properties.
     Stock Repurchases — In November 2007, our Board of Directors authorized management to purchase up to a total of $50 million of our common shares from time to time on the open market. We completed substantially all of the $50 million repurchase in early September 2008. On September 5, 2008, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $75 million of our common stock that may be purchased under the share repurchase program. The $75 million authorization was subsequently revised to include repurchases of both common and preferred stock. We completed the additional $75 million repurchase in December 2008. Total shares repurchased are summarized as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                                                 
    Year Ended December 31,
    2008   2007
    Total   Aggregate   Average   Total   Aggregate   Average
    Number of   Purchase   Price Per   Number of   Purchase   Price Per
    Shares   Price   Share   Shares   Price   Share
Common stock
    34,023     $ 96,920     $ 2.85       2,366     $ 18,191     $ 7.69  
Series A Preferred
    115     $ 700     $ 6.12                    
Series D Preferred
    1,606     $ 9,189     $ 5.72                    
     In addition, we acquired 5,687 shares of our common stock as partial tax payments for shares issued under our stock-based compensation plan.
     Preferred Stock — In accordance with Ashford’s charter, we are authorized to issue 50 million shares of preferred stock, which currently includes Series A cumulative preferred stock, Series B-1 cumulative convertible redeemable preferred stock, and Series D cumulative preferred stock.
     Series A Preferred Stock. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had 2.2 million and 2.3 million outstanding shares of 8.55% Series A cumulative preferred stock, respectively. Series A preferred stock has no maturity date, and we are not required to redeem these shares at any time. Prior to September 22, 2009, Series A preferred stock is not redeemable, except in certain limited circumstances relating to the ownership limitation necessary to preserve our qualification as a REIT. However, on and after September 22, 2009, Series A preferred stock will be redeemable at our option for cash, in whole or from time to time in part, at a redemption price of $25 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, at the redemption date. Series A preferred stock dividends are payable quarterly, when and as declared, at the rate of 8.55% per annum of the $25 liquidation preference (equivalent to an annual dividend rate of $2.1375 per share). In general, Series A preferred stock holders have no voting rights.
     Series B-1 Preferred Stock. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had 7.4 million outstanding shares of Series B-1 cumulative convertible redeemable preferred stock. Series B-1 preferred stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into our common stock by dividing the preferred stock carrying value by the conversion price then in effect, which is $10.07, subject to certain adjustments, as defined. Series B-1 preferred stock is redeemable for cash at our option at the liquidation preference, which is set at $10.07, after three years from June 17, 2005 (or two years if our weighted average common stock price for a period of 30 days is above $11.83 with over 7.5 million shares traded during that period). Series B-1 preferred stock is redeemable for cash at the option of the holder at a specified redemption price, as defined, if certain events occur. Series B-1 preferred stock holders are entitled to vote, on an as-converted basis voting as a single class together with common stock holders, on all matters to be voted on by our stockholders. Series B-1 preferred stock quarterly dividends are set at the greater of $0.14 per share or the prevailing common stock dividend rate.
     Series C Preferred Stock. In April 2007, we issued 8.0 million shares of Series C cumulative redeemable preferred stock at $25 per share for net proceeds of $193.7 million. In July 2007, with proceeds received from the issuance of Series D preferred stock discussed below, we redeemed the Series C preferred stock. Series C preferred

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
stock quarterly dividends were set at a rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.5% through the first 18 months and three-month LIBOR plus a range of 4.25% to 8.0% depending on the net debt to total assets ratio thereafter.
     Series D Preferred Stock. In July 2007, we issued 8.0 million shares of 8.45% Series D cumulative preferred stock at $25 per share for net proceeds of $193.7 million. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had 6.4 million and 8.0 million outstanding shares of Series D preferred stock, respectively. Series D preferred stock has no maturity date, and we are not required to redeem the shares at any time. Prior to July 18, 2012, Series D preferred stock is not redeemable, except in certain limited circumstances such as to preserve the status of our qualification as a REIT. Or in the event the Series D stock ceases to be listed on an exchange and we cease to be subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act, at our option, as described in Ashford’s charter. However, on and after July 18, 2012, Series D preferred stock is redeemable at our option for cash, in whole or from time to time in part, at a redemption price of $25 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, at the redemption date. Series D preferred stock quarterly dividends are set at the rate of 8.45% per annum of the $25 liquidation preference (equivalent to an annual dividend rate of $2.11 per share). The dividend rate increases to 9.45% per annum if these shares are no longer traded on a major stock exchange. In general Series D preferred stock holders have no voting rights.
     Dividends — A summary of dividends declared for each of the three years ended December 31, is as follows (in thousands):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
Common stock related:
                       
Common shares
  $ 73,670     $ 92,260     $ 51,859  
Common units
    6,109       8,141       8,269  
LTIP units
    665              
Class B units
    2,788       2,883       1,362  
Preferred stocks:
                       
Series A preferred stock
    4,855       4,916       4,916  
Series B-1 preferred stock
    5,735       6,256       5,958  
Series C preferred stock
          5,166        
Series D preferred stock
    16,052       7,652        
 
                 
Total dividends declared
  $ 109,874     $ 127,274     $ 72,364  
 
                 
16. Stock-Based Compensation
     Under the Amended and Restated 2003 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), we are authorized to grant 6,600,000 restricted shares of our common stock as incentive stock awards. In June 2008, additional shares of 3,750,000 were approved for grant under the Plan at our annual stockholders meeting. At December 31, 2008, 4,943,639 shares were available for future issuance under the Plan.
     A summary of our restricted stock activity is as follows (shares in thousands):
                                                 
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
            Weighted             Weighted             Weighted  
            Average             Average             Average  
    Restricted     Price at     Restricted     Price at     Restricted     Price at  
    Shares     Grant     Shares     Grant     Shares     Grant  
Outstanding at beginning of year
    1,369     $ 12.19       940     $ 11.74       686     $ 9.77  
Restricted shares granted
    214       4.83       854       12.38       662       12.44  
Restricted shares vested
    (575 )     11.60       (390 )     11.51       (406 )     9.56  
Restricted shares forfeited
    (17 )     11.55       (35 )     12.19       (2 )     12.22  
 
                                   
Outstanding at end of year
    991     $ 10.96       1,369     $ 12.19       940     $ 11.74  
 
                                   

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     At December 31, 2008, the outstanding restricted stock had vesting schedules between March 2009 and August 2011. Stock-based compensation expense of $6.8 million, $6.2 million and $5.2 million was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. At December 31, 2008, the unamortized value of the unvested shares of restricted stock was $6.7 million that will be amortized over a period of 2.6 years.
17. Employee Benefit Plans
     Employee Savings and Incentive Plan (ESIP) — Our ESIP, a nonqualified compensation plan that covers employees who work at least 25 hours per week, allows eligible employees to contribute up to 100% of their compensation to various investment funds. We match 25% of the first 10% each employee contributes. Employee contributions vest immediately whereas company contributions vest 25% annually. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we incurred matching expenses of $47,000, $7,000 and $34,000, respectively.
     401(k) Plan — Effective January 1, 2006, we established our 401(k) Plan, a qualified defined contribution retirement plan that covers employees 21 years of age or older who have completed one year of service and work a minimum of 1,000 hours annually. The 401(k) Plan allows eligible employees to contribute up to 100% of their compensation, subject to IRS imposed limitations, to various investment funds. We make matching cash contributions of 50% of each participant’s contributions, based on participant contributions of up to 6% of compensation. However, company matching only occurs in either the 401(k) Plan or the ESIP, as directed by the participant. Participant contributions vest immediately whereas company match vest 25% annually. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we incurred matching expense of $127,000, $91,000 and $73,000, respectively.
     In December 2008, management made a decision to suspend, effective January 1, 2009, the company match for all the benefit plans, unvested past matches will continue to vest in accordance with the terms of the plans.
     Deferred Compensation Plan — Effective January 1, 2008, we established a nonqualified deferred compensation plan for certain executive officers. The plan allows participants to defer 100% of their base salary, bonus and stock awards and select an investment fund for measurement of the deferred compensation liability. In 2008, we recorded a loss of $199,000 for the decrease in cash surrender value of the life insurance policy where deferred funds were invested, and a reduction of $220,000 in compensation expense for the decrease in market value of the investment fund.
18. Income Taxes
     For federal income tax purposes, we elected to be treated as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational stipulations, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders. We currently intend to adhere to these requirements and maintain our REIT status. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) and may not qualify as a REIT for four subsequent taxable years. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes as well as to federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed taxable income.
     At December 31, 2008, 102 of our 103 hotel properties were leased or owned by Ashford TRS (our taxable REIT subsidiaries) while the remaining hotel was leased on a triple-net lease basis to a third-party tenant. Ashford TRS recognized a net book loss of $36.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 and a net book loss of $8.5 million and $5.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     The following table reconciles the income tax (expense)/benefit at statutory rates to the actual income tax (expense)/benefit recorded (in thousands):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
Income tax benefit at federal statutory income tax rate of 35%
  $ 12,699     $ 8,633     $ 3,105  
State income tax benefit, net of federal income tax benefit
    1,844       1,140       400  
Permanent differences
    (183 )            
State and local income taxes on pass-through entity subsidiaries
    (436 )     (165 )      
Gross receipts and margin taxes
    (982 )     (549 )      
Other
    (354 )     (361 )     629  
Valuation allowance
    (13,555 )     (12,533 )     (1,479 )
 
                 
Income tax (expense)/benefit for income from continuing operations
    (967 )     (3,835 )     2,655  
Income tax (expense)/benefit for income from discontinued operations
    (126 )     (1,764 )     64  
 
                 
Total income tax (expense)/benefit
  $ (1,093 )   $ (5,599 )   $ 2,719  
 
                 
     The components of income tax (expense)/benefit from continuing operations are as follows (in thousands):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
Current:
                       
Federal
  $ 742     $ 289     $ 1,400  
State
    (1,829 )     (838 )     180  
 
                 
Total current
    (1,087 )     (549 )     1,580  
 
                 
Deferred:
                       
Federal
    (219 )     (2,913 )     953  
State
    339       (373 )     122  
 
                 
Total deferred
    120       (3,286 )     1,075  
 
                 
Total income tax (expense) benefit
  $ (967 )   $ (3,835 )   $ 2,655  
 
                 
     For the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, income tax (expense)/benefit includes interest and penalties paid to taxing authorities of $80,000 and $215,000, respectively. At December 31, 2008, we determined that there were no amounts to accrue for interest and penalties due to taxing authorities.
     In May 2006, the State of Texas adopted House Bill 3, which modified the state’s franchise tax structure, replacing the previous tax based on capital or earned surplus with a margin tax (the Texas Margin Tax) effective with franchise tax reports filed on or after January 1, 2008. The Texas Margin Tax is computed by applying the applicable tax rate (1% for our business) to the profit margin, which is generally determined by total revenue less either the cost of goods sold or compensation as applicable. Although House Bill 3 states that the Texas Margin Tax is not an income tax, we believe that SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, applies to the Texas Margin Tax. We were required to record an income tax provision for the Texas Margin Tax of $710,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008.
     In July 2007, the State of Michigan adopted Senate Bill 94, which modified the state’s business tax structure, replacing the previous tax which was a modified value added tax with a new tax (the “Michigan Business Tax”) that has two components, income and modified gross receipts. The income tax component is computed by applying the applicable tax rate (4.95%) to taxable income after the REIT dividends paid deduction. The modified gross receipts tax component is computed by applying the applicable tax rate (0.8%) to modified gross receipts, which is generally determined by total revenue less purchases from other businesses. The total Michigan Business Tax is calculated as the sum of the two components plus a surcharge of 21.99% on the total tax liability. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we were liable for the modified gross receipts component (plus the surcharge) and recorded an income tax provision for the Michigan Business Tax of $370,000.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     At December 31, 2008 and 2007, our deferred tax asset (liability) and related valuation allowance consisted of the following (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
  $ 240     $ 609  
Unearned income
    1,345       1,405  
Unfavorable management contract liability
    8,359       9,242  
Federal and state net operating losses
    50,527       43,472  
Accrued expenses
    2,732       3,579  
Prepaid expenses
          (7,047 )
Interest expense carryforwards
    4,850       3,009  
Tax property basis greater than book basis
    8,977       9,290  
Other
    130       858  
 
           
Gross deferred tax asset
    77,160       64,417  
Valuation allowance
    (77,160 )     (64,137 )
 
           
Subtotal
          280  
Tax property basis less than book basis
    (894 )      
 
           
Net deferred tax (liability) asset
  $ (894 )   $ 280  
 
           
     At December 31, 2008 and 2007, we increased the valuation allowance to $77.2 million and $64.1 million to fully offset our net deferred tax asset. As a result of Ashford TRS losses in 2008, 2007 and 2006, and the limitation imposed by the Internal Revenue Code on the utilization of net operating losses of acquired subsidiaries, we believe that it is more likely than not our net deferred tax asset will not be realized, and therefore, have provided a valuation allowance to fully reserve against these amounts. At December 31, 2008, we also recorded a deferred tax liability for the difference in the final purchase price allocation for financial reporting purposes and tax basis for a real estate asset owned in one of our consolidated joint ventures. In addition, at December 31, 2008, Ashford TRS had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of $127.0 million, which are available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2027. Approximately $51.8 million of the $127.0 million of net operating loss carryforwards is attributable to acquired subsidiaries and subject to substantial limitation on its use.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
19. Income Per Share
     The following table reconciles the amounts used in calculating basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
Income/(loss) from continuing operations attributable to the Company
  $ 80,006     $ (2,907 )   $ 27,224  
Less: Dividends to preferred stocks
    (26,642 )     (23,990 )     (10,875 )
Less: Dividends to common stock
    (73,106 )     (91,266 )     (51,229 )
Less: Dividends to unvested restricted shares
    (564 )     (990 )     (630 )
 
                 
Undistributed loss from continuing operations attributable to the Company
  $ (20,306 )   $ (119,153 )   $ (35,510 )
 
                 
Income from discontinued operations allocated to common shares
  $ 48,796     $ 32,703     $ 10,439  
Income from discontinued operations allocated to unvested restricted shares
    392       364       133  
 
                 
Total income from discontinued operations attributable to the Company
  $ 49,188     $ 33,067     $ 10,572  
 
                 
Weighted average common shares — Basic and diluted
    111,295       105,787       61,713  
Weighted average unvested restricted shares
    895       1,179       787  
 
                 
Total shares
    112,190       106,966       62,500  
 
                 
Income from continuing operations distributed to common shares
  $ 73,106     $ 91,266     $ 51,229  
Undistributed loss from continuing operations allocated to common shares
    (20,306 )     (119,153 )     (35,510 )
 
                 
Total distributed and undistributed income (loss) from continuing operations to common shares
    52,800       (27,887 )     15,719  
Income from discontinued operations allocated to common shares
    48,796       32,703       10,439  
 
                 
Total distributed and undistributed income to common shares
  $ 101,596     $ 4,816     $ 26,158  
 
                 
Basic and diluted income per share:
                       
Distributed income from continuing operations
  $ 0.65     $ 0.86     $ 0.83  
Undistributed loss from continuing operations
    (0.18 )     (1.12 )     (0.58 )
 
                 
Total income (loss) from continuing operations
    0.47       (0.26 )     0.25  
Income from discontinued operations
    0.44       0.31       0.17  
 
                 
Basic and diluted net income attributable to common shares
  $ 0.91     $ 0.05     $ 0.42  
 
                 
     Due to their anti-dilutive effect, the computation of diluted income per share does not reflect the adjustments for the following items for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
Diluted Income/(loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders:
                       
Dividends to convertible Series B-1 Preferred Stock
  $ 5,735     $ 6,256     $ 5,958  
Income from continuing operations attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership
    9,932       876       3,768  
 
                 
Total
  $ 15,667     $ 7,132     $ 9,726  
 
                 
Diluted shares:
                       
Effect of assumed conversion of Series B-1 Preferred Stock
    7,448       7,448       7,448  
Effect of assumed conversion of operating partnership units
    13,924       13,347       13,512  
 
                 
Total
    21,372       20,795       20,960  
 
                 

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
20. Segment Reporting
     We operate in two business segments within the hotel lodging industry: direct hotel investments and hotel financing. Direct hotel investments refer to owning hotels through either acquisition or new development. We report operating results of direct hotel investments on an aggregate basis as substantially all of our hotel investments have similar economic characteristics and exhibit similar long-term financial performance. Hotel financing refers to owning subordinate hotel-related mortgage through acquisition or origination. We do not allocate corporate-level accounts to our operating segments, including corporate general and administrative expenses, non-operating interest income, interest expense, income tax expense/benefit, and noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures and redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership.
     For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, financial information related to our reportable segments was as follows (in thousands):
                                 
    Direct Hotel     Hotel              
    Investments     Financing     Corporate     Consolidated  
Year Ended December 31, 2008:
                               
Total revenues
  $ 1,148,806     $ 24,050     $     $ 1,172,856  
 
                       
Total hotel expenses
    753,587                   753,587  
Property taxes, insurance and other
    62,509                   62,509  
Depreciation and amortization
    167,730                   167,730  
Corporate general and administrative
                28,702       28,702  
 
                       
Total expenses
    983,826             28,702       1,012,528  
 
                       
Operating income/(loss)
    164,980       24,050       (28,702 )     160,328  
Equity loss in unconsolidated joint venture
          (2,205 )           (2,205 )
Interest income
                2,062       2,062  
Other income
                10,153       10,153  
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
                (156,383 )     (156,383 )
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees
                (1,226 )     (1,226 )
Unrealized gains on derivatives
                79,620       79,620  
 
                       
Income/(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    164,980       21,845       (94,476 )     92,349  
Income tax expense
                (967 )     (967 )
 
                       
Income/(loss) from continuing operations
  $ 164,980     $ 21,845     $ (95,443 )   $ 91,382  
 
                       
 
                               
As of December 31, 2008:
                               
Total assets
  $ 3,789,390     $ 239,158     $ 311,134     $ 4,339,682  
 
                       

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
                                 
    Direct Hotel     Hotel              
    Investments     Financing     Corporate     Consolidated  
Year Ended December 31, 2007:
                               
Total revenues
  $ 996,796     $ 11,005     $     $ 1,007,801  
 
                       
Total hotel expenses
    651,434                   651,434  
Property taxes, insurance and other
    52,409                   52,409  
Depreciation and amortization
    138,154                   138,154  
Corporate general and administrative
                26,953       26,953  
 
                       
Total expenses
    841,997             26,953       868,950  
 
                       
Operating income/(loss)
    154,799       11,005       (26,953 )     138,851  
Interest income
                3,178       3,178  
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
                (135,841 )     (135,841 )
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees
                (3,850 )     (3,850 )
Unrealized losses on derivatives
                (211 )     (211 )
 
                       
Income/(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    154,799       11,005       (163,677 )     2,127  
Income tax expense
                (3,835 )     (3,835 )
 
                       
Income/(loss) from continuing operations
  $ 154,799     $ 11,005     $ (167,512 )   $ (1,708 )
 
                       
 
                               
As of December 31, 2007:
                               
Total assets
  $ 4,199,948     $ 99,214     $ 81,249     $ 4,380,411  
 
                       
 
                               
Year Ended December 31, 2006:
                               
Total revenues
  $ 386,364     $ 14,858     $     $ 401,222  
 
                       
Total hotel expenses
    249,122                   249,122  
Property taxes, insurance and other
    22,754                   22,754  
Depreciation and amortization
    40,730                   40,730  
Corporate general and administrative
                20,359       20,359  
 
                       
Total expenses
    312,606             20,359       332,965  
 
                       
Operating income/(loss)
    73,758       14,858       (20,359 )     68,257  
Interest income
                2,917       2,917  
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs
                (42,720 )     (42,720 )
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees
                (101 )     (101 )
Unrealized losses on derivatives
                (16 )     (16 )
 
                       
Income/(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    73,758       14,858       (60,279 )     28,337  
Income tax benefit
                2,655       2,655  
 
                       
Income/(loss) from continuing operations
  $ 73,758     $ 14,858     $ (57,624 )   $ 30,992  
 
                       
 
                               
As of December 31, 2006:
                               
Total assets
  $ 1,851,093     $ 106,188     $ 54,631     $ 2,011,912  
 
                       
     As of December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, all of our hotel properties were domestically located and all hotel properties securing our notes receivable were domestically located with the exception of one hotel property securing the $18.2 million loan receivable, which is located in Nevis, West Indies.
21. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
     SFAS 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments”, requires disclosures about the fair value of all financial instruments. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair values. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold, or settled. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at December 31, 2008 and 2007 were as follows (in thousands):
                                 
    December 31,
    2008   2007
    Carrying   Estimated   Carrying   Estimated
    Value   Fair Value   Value   Fair Value
Financial assets:
                               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 241,597     $ 241,597     $ 92,271     $ 92,271  
Restricted cash
  $ 69,806     $ 69,806     $ 52,872     $ 52,872  
Accounts receivable
  $ 41,110     $ 41,110     $ 51,314     $ 51,314  
Notes receivable
  $ 212,815     $ 200,293     $ 94,394     $ 97,776  
Interest rate derivatives — cash flow hedges
  $ 88     $ 88     $ 6     $ 6  
Interest rate derivatives — non-cash flow hedges
  $ 88,515     $ 88,515     $ 15     $ 15  
Due from third-party hotel managers
  $ 48,116     $ 48,116     $ 58,300     $ 58,300  
Financial liabilities:
                               
Indebtedness
  $ 2,790,364     $ 2,788,503     $ 2,700,775     $ 2,705,218  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
  $ 93,476     $ 93,476     $ 124,696     $ 124,696  
Due to affiliates
  $ 2,378     $ 2,378     $ 2,732     $ 2,732  
Due to third-party hotel managers
  $ 3,855     $ 3,855     $ 4,699     $ 4,699  
     Cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash. These financial assets bear interest at market rates and have maturities of less than 90 days. The carrying value approximates fair value due to the short-term nature.
     Accounts receivable, due to/from affiliates or third-party hotel managers, accounts payable and accrued expense. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
     Notes receivable and Indebtedness. The fair value of these financial instruments is determined using future cash flows discounted at current replacement rates for these instruments. For variable rate instruments, cash flows are determined using a forward interest rate yield curve. The current replacement rates are determined by using U.S. Treasury yield curve or the index to which these financial instruments are tied to, and adjusted for the credit spreads. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions, maturity, collateral and credit risk of the counterparty.
     Interest rate derivatives. The fair values of interest rate derivatives are determined using net discounted cash flow of the expected cash flows of each derivative based on observable market-based interest rate curves and then adjusted for credit spreads of Ashford and the counterparties. See Note 12 for a full description of the methodology employed.
22. Related Party Transactions
     We have management agreements with parties owned by our Chairman and our Chief Executive Officer. Under the agreements we pay the related parties a) a monthly property management fees equal to the greater of $10,000 (CPI adjusted) or 3% of gross revenues as well as annual incentive management fees, if certain operational criteria are met, b) project management fees of up to 4% of project costs, c) market service fees including purchasing, design and construction management not to exceed 16.5% of project budget cumulatively, including project management fees, and d) other general and administrative expense reimbursements, approved by our independent directors, including rent, payroll, office supplies, travel, and accounting. These related parties allocate such charges to us based on various methodologies, including headcount and actual amounts incurred. At December 31, 2008, these related parties managed 40 of our 103 hotels.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we incurred the following fees related to the management agreements with related parties (in thousands):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
Property management fees, including incentive property management fees
  $ 12,553     $ 13,065     $ 9,134  
Market service fees
    9,186       9,046       5,129  
Corporate general and administrative expense reimbursements
    4,927       4,573       3,599  
 
                 
Total
  $ 26,666     $ 26,684     $ 17,862  
 
                 
     Management agreements with related parties include exclusivity clauses that require us to engage such related parties, unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously vote to hire a different manager or developer or (ii) by a majority vote elect not to engage such related party because special circumstances exist or, based on the related party’s prior performance, it is believed that another manager or developer could materially improve the performance of such management duties.
     Upon formation, we also agreed to indemnify certain related parties, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who contributed hotel properties in connection with our initial public offering in exchange for operating partnership units, against the income tax such related parties may incur if we dispose of one of those contributed properties.
     In addition, we received asset management consulting fees from the related parties of $901,000, $1.3 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
23. Concentration of Risk
     Our investments are all concentrated within the hotel industry. Our investment strategy is to acquire or develop upscale to upper-upscale hotels, acquire first mortgages on hotel properties, and invest in other mortgage-related instruments such as mezzanine loans to hotel owners and operators. At present, all of our hotels are located domestically. In addition, all hotels securing our loan receivable are located domestically except for one that is located in Nevis, West Indies, which secures a note receivable with a carrying amount of $18.2 million at December 31, 2008. Presently, all our notes receivable are collateralized by either the properties securing the loans or interest in the first lien on such properties. Accordingly, adverse conditions in the hotel industry will have a material adverse effect on our operating and investment revenues and cash available for distribution to stockholders.
     With respect to our mezzanine loans receivable, these types of mortgage loans involve a higher degree of risk than long-term senior mortgage lending secured by income-producing real property due to a variety of factors, including such loans being entirely unsecured or, if secured, becoming unsecured as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender. We may not recover some or all of our investment in these loans. In additional, mezzanine loans may have higher loan-to-value ratios than conventional mortgage loans resulting in less equity in the property and increasing the risk of loss of principal.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
24. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
     The following is a summary of the quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands, except per share data):
                                 
    First   Second   Third   Fourth
    Quarter   Quarter   Quarter   Quarter
2008
                               
Total revenue
  $ 286,014     $ 306,510     $ 285,281     $ 295,051  
Total operating expenses
  $ 249,443     $ 253,347     $ 252,410     $ 257,328  
Operating income
  $ 36,572     $ 53,162     $ 32,871     $ 37,723  
Income/(loss) from continuing operations
  $ 2,710     $ (36,419 )   $ 8,449     $ 116,642  
Net income/(loss) attributable to the Company
  $ 6,185     $ (26,504 )   $ 8,799     $ 140,714  
Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders
  $ (833 )   $ (33,522 )   $ 1,781     $ 135,126  
Diluted net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders per share
  $ (0.01 )   $ (0.28 )   $ 0.01     $ 1.34  
Weighted average diluted common shares
    118,855       118,911       115,819       112,801  
2007
                               
Total revenue
  $ 134,934     $ 283,015     $ 279,466     $ 310,386  
Total operating expenses
  $ 112,479     $ 246,635     $ 241,132     $ 268,704  
Operating income
  $ 22,453     $ 36,382     $ 38,334     $ 41,682  
Income/(loss) from continuing operations
  $ 7,674     $ (4,126 )   $ (4,023 )   $ (1,233 )
Net income/(loss) attributable to the Company
  $ 11,491     $ 21,084     $ 508     $ (2,923 )
Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders
  $ 8,698     $ 14,051     $ (6,638 )   $ (9,941 )
Diluted net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders per share
  $ 0.12     $ 0.13     $ (0.06 )   $ (0.09 )
Weighted average diluted common shares
    72,042       108,138       121,235       120,871  
 
Note:   Quarterly amounts are different from those reported on the previous Form 10-Q due to reclassification of additional hotel properties that were sold and reclassified as discontinued operations subsequent to each quarter end.
25. Adoption of FASB Statement No. 160 AND FSP EITF 03-6-1
     In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51.” SFAS 160 requires that accounting and reporting for minority interests be re-characterized as non-controlling interests and classified as a component of equity subject to the provisions of EITF Topic D-98. SFAS 160 applies to all entities that prepare consolidated financial statements, except not-for-profit organizations, and impacts the recording of minority interest. SFAS 160 also modifies the presentation of net income by requiring earnings and other comprehensive income to be attributed to controlling and noncontrolling interests. SFAS 160 became effective for us beginning January 1, 2009, and requires retroactive adoption of the presentation and disclosure requirements for existing minority interests but prospective adoption of all of its other requirements. To comply with SFAS No. 160, for the consolidated balance sheets, minority interests in consolidated joint ventures are now referred to as noncontrolling interests and included in total equity in the consolidated balance sheets; minority interests in operating partnership are now referred to as redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership and continue to be classified in the mezzanine section of the consolidated balance sheets as these redeemable operating units do not meet the requirements for equity classification under EITF Topic D-98 as the redemption feature requires the delivery of cash or registered shares. The carrying value of the noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership is based on the accumulated historical cost as the accumulated historical cost ($107.5 million at December 31, 2008 and $101.0 million at December 31, 2007) is greater than the redemption value ($16.6 million at December 31, 2008 and $96.0 million at December 31, 2007) prescribed by EITF Topic D-98. Amounts previously described as total stockholders’ equity are now referred to as total stockholders’ equity of the Company in total equity in the consolidated balance sheets. For the consolidated statements of operations, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests are now reported as reductions from net income and amounts

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
previously described as net income are now described as net income attributable to the Company. For the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests are now reported as reductions from comprehensive income and amounts previously described as total comprehensive income are now described as comprehensive income attributable to the Company.
     In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities.” FSP EITF 03-6-1 provides guidance for the calculation of earnings per share under SFAS 128 for share-based payment awards with rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (“participating securities”) and requires participating securities to be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method prescribed by SFAS 128. Income/(loss) per share has been computed using the two-class method for all periods presented.
26. Events (Unaudited) Subsequent to the Date of Independent Auditors’ Report
     Material Impairments. The $164.0 million principal amount mezzanine loan secured by 681 Extended Stay hotel properties was purchased at a significant discount which was amortized over the life of the loan through March 31, 2009. In June 2009, the issuer of this note filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection from its creditors. We anticipate that the issuer, through its bankruptcy filing, may attempt to impose a plan of reorganization which could extinguish our investment. Accordingly, we recorded a valuation allowance of $109.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2009, for the full amount of the book value of the note. Prior to the bankruptcy filing, all payments on this loan were current. We recorded income from this loan of $4.7 million for the five months ended May 31, 2009.
     Principal and interest payments were not made since October 2008, on the $18.2 million junior participation note receivable secured by a hotel property in Nevis. The underlying hotel property suffered significant damage by Hurricane Omar. In accordance with our accounting policy, we discontinued recording interest on this note beginning in October 2008. The servicer on this loan is adjusting the loss with the insurance underwriter and overseeing the renovation to facilitate the reopening of the hotel. Subsequent to December 31, 2008, we were made aware that certain necessary expenditures of approximately $8.6 million will be required in order to renovate the facility. As a result of these necessary expenditures and our junior position, we recorded a valuation allowance of $9.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2009.
     The borrower of the $4.0 million junior participation loan collateralized by the Sheraton hotel property in Dallas, Texas due in July 2009 has been in default since May 11, 2009. Based on a most recent appraisal of the property from a third party, it is unlikely that we will be able to recover our full investment due to our junior status. As a result, we recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of the note receivable in the six months ended June 30, 2009.
     We evaluated impairment for the $7.0 million loan collateralized by the Le Meridien hotel property in Dallas, Texas. The property is no longer in a position to service its debt payments in the absence of cash infusion from the borrower. It is likely that we will be unable to recover the full value of our investment due to our junior status. As a result, we recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of the note receivable in the six months ended June 30, 2009.
     Beginning in June 2009, we ceased making payments on the note payable of $29.1 million secured by the Hyatt Regency Dearborn hotel property, due to the fact that the operating cash flows from the hotel property are not anticipated to cover the principal and interest payments on the note and the related capital expenditures on the property. The lender issued a notice of default and an acceleration notice. We have not cured the notice of default and intend to fully settle the debt via a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or foreclosure of the hotel property. As a result, we wrote down the hotel property to its estimated fair value at June 30, 2009 and recorded an impairment charge of $10.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2009. In determining the fair value of the property, we obtained a market analysis based on eight recent hotel sales in the Midwest region provided by a third party. Those sales ranged from a low of $33,000 per key to a high of $125,000 per key. We evaluated the analysis and determined that the current note payable balance on the Dearborn hotel property of $29.1 million, or $38,000 per key, is within the range and approximates the fair value of the property.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
     Interest Rate Derivative Transactions. In March 2009, in order to take advantage of the declining LIBOR rates, we entered into a one-year “flooridor” with a financial institution for the period commencing December 14, 2009 and ending December 13, 2010 for a notional amount of $3.6 billion. The flooridor establishes a new floor rate of 0.75% for the original $1.8 billion interest rate floor we entered into on March 13, 2008. Under this new flooridor, the counterparty will pay us interest on the notional amount when the interest rates are below the original floor of 1.25% up to a maximum of 50 basis points on the notional amount. The upfront cost of this flooridor was $8.5 million.
     On July 1, 2009, we purchased two one-year flooridors for an upfront cost of $22.3 million. The first flooridor, which is for a notional amount of $1.8 billion, is for the period commencing December 14, 2009 and ending December 13, 2010. Under the first flooridor, the counterparties will pay us interest on the notional amount when LIBOR rates are below 1.75% up to a maximum of 50 basis points on the notional amount. The second flooridor, also for a notional amount of $1.8 billion, is for a period commencing December 13, 2010 and ending December 13, 2011. Under the second flooridor, the counterparty will pay us interest on the notional amount when LIBOR rates are below 2.75% up to a maximum of 225 basis points on the notional amount. We have no further liability under these flooridors to the counterparties.
     Authorization of Repurchases of Common and Preferred Shares and Prepayment of Outstanding Debt Obligations. In January 2009, the Board of Directors approved an additional $200.0 million authorization (excluding fees, commissions and all other ancillary expenses) for: (i) the repurchase of shares of our common stock, Series A preferred stock, Series B-1 preferred stock and Series D preferred stock and/or (ii) the prepayment of our outstanding debt obligations, including debt secured by our hotel assets and debt senior to our mezzanine or loan investments. Subsequent to December 31, 2008 and through the time we issued this Form 8-K on September 11, 2009, we have purchased 22.8 million shares of our common stock, 697,600 shares of the Series A preferred stock and 727,550 shares of the Series D preferred stock for a total price of $60.1 million.

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