Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Prospectus constituting a part of this Registration Statement of our report dated March 21, 2014, relating to the financial statements of Rexahn Pharmaceuticals, Inc. appearing in the entity’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

We also consent to the reference to us under the caption “Experts” in the Prospectus.

/s/ ParenteBeard LLC

Reading, Pennsylvania

May 23, 2014