10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 001-38546

NEURONETICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	33-1051425
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
3222 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern, PA	19355
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)
(610) 640-4202
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable.

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol (s)	Name on each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($0.01 par value)	STIM	The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

There were 29,997,563 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of May 03, 2024.

NEURONETICS, INC.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements.	3
	Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	3
	Statements of Operations for the Three Months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	4
	Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	5
	Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	6
	Notes to Interim Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	21
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	30
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	30
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.	31
Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	31
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	31
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities.	31
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	31
Item 5.	Other Information.	31
Item 6.	Exhibits.	32
	SIGNATURES	33

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.     Financial Statements.

NEURONETICS, INC.

Balance Sheets

(Unaudited; In thousands, except per share data)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	47,730	$	59,677
Accounts receivable, net		17,504		15,782
Inventory		6,694		8,093
Current portion of net investments in sales-type leases		816		905
Current portion of prepaid commission expense		2,630		2,514
Current portion of notes receivable		2,121		2,056
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		4,370		4,766
Total current assets		81,865		93,793
Property and equipment, net		1,847		2,009
Operating lease right-of-use assets		2,628		2,773
Net investments in sales-type leases		517		661
Prepaid commission expense		8,408		8,370
Long-term notes receivable		3,663		3,795
Other assets		4,883		4,430
Total assets	$	103,811	$	115,831
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,979	$	4,752
Accrued expenses		9,045		12,595
Deferred revenue		1,623		1,620
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		851		845
Total current liabilities		14,498		19,812
Long-term debt, net		59,444		59,283
Deferred revenue		35		200
Operating lease liabilities		2,179		2,346
Total liabilities		76,156		81,641
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)		—		—
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 10,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding on March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023		—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 200,000 shares authorized; 29,975 and 29,092 shares issued and outstanding on March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		300		291
Additional paid-in capital		411,309		409,980
Accumulated deficit		(383,954)		(376,081)
Total Stockholders' equity		27,655		34,190
Total liabilities and Stockholders’ equity	$	103,811	$	115,831

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim financial statements.

3

NEURONETICS, INC.

Statements of Operations

(Unaudited; In thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenues	$	17,417	$	15,540
Cost of revenues		4,329		4,144
Gross profit		13,088		11,396
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		11,641		11,902
General and administrative		5,957		6,611
Research and development		2,349		2,790
Total operating expenses		19,947		21,303
Loss from operations		(6,859)		(9,907)
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense		1,826		1,253
Other income, net		(812)		(640)
Net loss	$	(7,873)	$	(10,520)
Net loss per share of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted	$	(0.27)	$	(0.38)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		29,472		28,034

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim financial statements.

4

NEURONETICS, INC.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited; In thousands)

				Additional				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022	27,268	$	273	$	402,679	$	(345,892)	$	57,060
Share-based awards and options exercises	1,197		12		(12)		—		—
Share-based compensation expense	—		—		1,805		—		1,805
Net loss	—		—		—		(10,520)		(10,520)
Balance at March 31, 2023	28,465	$	285	$	404,472	$	(356,412)	$	48,345
Balance at December 31, 2023	29,092	$	291	$	409,980	$	(376,081)	$	34,190
Share-based awards and options exercises	883		9		(9)		—		—
Share-based compensation expense	—		—		1,338		—		1,338
Net loss	—		—		—		(7,873)		(7,873)
Balance at March 31, 2024	29,975	$	300	$	411,309	$	(383,954)	$	27,655

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim financial statements.

5

NEURONETICS, INC.

Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited; In thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(7,873)	$	(10,520)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		560		516
Allowance for credit losses		566		330
Inventory impairment		71		—
Share-based compensation		1,338		1,805
Non-cash interest expense		161		188
Changes in certain assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		(2,667)		(2,337)
Inventory		1,328		(243)
Net investments in sales-type leases		234		535
Prepaid commission expense		(154)		(175)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		116		131
Accounts payable		(1,983)		2,484
Accrued expenses		(3,549)		(7,680)
Deferred revenue		(163)		(247)
Net Cash used in Operating activities		(12,015)		(15,213)
Cash flows from Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software		(375)		(234)
Repayment of notes receivable		443		51
Net Cash provided by (used in) Investing activities		68		(183)
Cash flows from Financing activities:
Payments of debt issuance costs		—		(801)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		—		2,500
Repayment of long-term debt		—		(1,200)
Net Cash provided by Financing activities		—		499
Net decrease in Cash and Cash equivalents		(11,947)		(14,897)
Cash and Cash equivalents, Beginning of Period		59,677		70,340
Cash and Cash equivalents, End of Period	$	47,730	$	55,443
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	1,666	$	1,064
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	210	$	52
Reduction of accounts receivable in current and long-term notes receivable	$	381	$	6,146

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim financial statements.

6

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.     DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Neuronetics, Inc. (the “Company”) is a commercial stage medical technology company focused on designing, developing and marketing products that improve the quality of life for patients who suffer from neurohealth disorders. The Company’s first commercial product, the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System, is a non-invasive and non-systemic office-based treatment that uses transcranial magnetic stimulation (“TMS”) to create a pulsed, MRI-strength magnetic field that induces electrical currents designed to stimulate specific areas of the brain associated with mood. The NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System was cleared in 2008 by the United States (“U.S.”) Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) to treat adult patients with major depressive disorder (“MDD”) who have failed to achieve satisfactory improvement from prior antidepressant medication in the current MDD episode. It is also cleared by the FDA as an adjunct for adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (“OCD”), and to decrease anxiety symptoms in adult patients with MDD that may exhibit comorbid anxiety symptoms (anxious depression), and as an adjunct for the treatment of MDD in adolescent patients aged 15-21. The NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System is also available in other parts of the world, including Japan, where it is listed under Japan’s national health insurance. The Company intends to continue to pursue development of its NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System for additional indications.

Liquidity

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $47.7 million and an accumulated deficit of $384.0 million. The Company incurred negative cash flows from operating activities of $12.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and $32.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company has incurred operating losses since its inception, and management anticipates that its operating losses will continue in the near term as the Company continues to invest in sales, marketing and product development activities. The Company’s primary sources of capital to date have been proceeds from its initial public offering (“IPO”), private placements of its convertible preferred securities, borrowings under its credit facility, proceeds from its secondary public offering of common stock and revenues from sales of its products. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $60.0 million of borrowings outstanding under its credit facility, which has a final maturity in March 2028. Management believes that the Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2024 and anticipated revenues from sales of its products are sufficient to fund the Company’s operations for at least the next 12 months from the issuance of these financial statements.

2.     BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”).

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared from the books and records of the Company in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which permit reduced disclosures for interim periods. All adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the accompanying balance sheets and statements of operations and stockholders’ equity and cash flows have been made. Although these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete annual financial statements, management believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Unaudited interim results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the

7

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

results that may be expected for the full year. Unaudited interim financial statements and footnotes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024, wherein a more complete discussion of significant accounting policies and certain other information can be found.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC requires the use of estimates and assumptions, based on judgments considered reasonable, which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Although management believes its estimates and assumptions are reasonable when made, they are based upon information available at the time they are made. Management evaluates the estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and, if necessary, makes adjustments. Due to the risks and uncertainties involved in the Company’s business and evolving market conditions, and given the subjective element of the estimates and assumptions made, actual results may differ materially from estimated results.

3.     SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company’s complete summary of significant accounting policies can be found in “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024.

4.     RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

New Accounting Standards Adopted by the Company

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which requires public companies to disclose for each reportable segment the significant expense categories and amounts for such expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. This ASU will be effective for our annual period ended December 31, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of ASU 2023-07 on its disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which requires public business entities to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. This ASU will be effective for our annual period ended December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of ASU 2023-09 on its disclosures.

Other than the items noted above, there have been no new accounting pronouncements not yet effective or adopted in the current year that we believe have a significant impact, or potential significant impact, to our unaudited interim financial statements.

8

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

5.     FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The carrying values of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaids and other current assets, and accounts payable on the Company’s balance sheets approximated their fair values as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to their short-term nature. The carrying values of the Company’s credit facility approximated its fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to its variable interest rate. The carrying value of the Company’s notes receivable approximated its fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to its variable interest rate.

Certain of the Company’s financial instruments are measured at fair value using a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2: Inputs are quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; or model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3: Inputs are unobservable and reflect the Company’s own assumptions, based on the best information available, including the Company’s own data.

The following tables set forth the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
					Fair Value Measurement Based on
					Quoted		Significant
					Prices In		other		Significant
					Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying				Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	$	27,855	$	27,855	$	27,855	$	—	$	—

	December 31, 2023
					Fair Value Measurement Based on
					Quoted		Significant
					Prices In		other		Significant
					Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying				Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	$	27,507	$	27,507	$	27,507	$	—	$	—

9

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

6.     ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

The following table presents the composition of accounts receivable, net, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Gross accounts receivable - trade	$	18,756	$	16,577
Less: Allowances for credit losses		(1,252)		(795)
Accounts receivable, net	$	17,504	$	15,782

7.     INVENTORY

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost being determined on a first in, first out basis. The Company’s inventory is primarily comprised of finished goods and work-in-process.

8.     PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE

The following table presents the composition of property and equipment, net, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Laboratory equipment	$	702	$	702
Office equipment		495		495
Auto		23		23
Computer equipment and software		1,105		1,082
Manufacturing equipment		551		551
Leasehold improvements		1,436		1,436
Rental equipment		542		542
Property and equipment, gross		4,854		4,831
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(3,007)		(2,822)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,847	$	2,009

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had capitalized software costs, net, of $4.4 million and $4.2 million, respectively, which are included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” and “Other assets” on the balance sheets.

Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

9.     NOTES RECEIVABLE

Greenbrook TMS Inc.

On March 31, 2023, the Company entered into a Secured Promissory Note and Guaranty Agreement (the “Promissory Note”) with TMS Neurohealth Centers Inc. (the “Maker”) and Greenbrook TMS Inc. and its

10

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

subsidiaries, excluding the Maker (the “Guarantors”), in the principal amount of $6.0 million for a period of four years.

Notes receivable outstanding was $4.8 million and $5.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Promissory Note bears interest at a rate equal to the sum of (a) the floating interest rate of daily secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on its website (“SOFR”) plus (b) 7.65%.

Pursuant to the terms of the Promissory Note, in the event of an event of default thereunder, the Maker will be required to issue common share purchase warrants to the Company equal to (i) 200% of the unpaid amount of any delinquent amount or payment due and payable under the Promissory Note, together with all outstanding and unpaid accrued interest, fees, charges and costs, divided by (ii) the exercise price of the warrants, which will represent (i) if the Maker’s common shares are traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), a 20% discount to the 30-day volume weighted average closing price of Greenbrook TMS Inc.’s common shares traded on the Nasdaq prior to the date of issuance (subject to any limitations that may be required by Nasdaq), (ii) if the Maker’s common shares are not then traded on Nasdaq, but are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) or another nationally recognized U.S. or Canadian securities exchange, inter-dealer quotation system or over-the-counter market (an “Other Market”), a 20% discount to the 30-day volume weighted average closing of Greenbrook TMS Inc’s common shares traded on the TSX or Other Market, as elected by the Company, or (iii) if the Maker’s common shares are not traded on any of the above trading markets, a 20% discount to the fair market value of a common share as determined pursuant to the Promissory Note.

Under the Promissory Note and related loan documents, the Maker and the Guarantors have granted to the Company a security interest in substantially all of the Maker’s and the Guarantors’ assets and the Guarantors have guaranteed the Maker’s obligations under the Promissory Note. The Company’s security interest pursuant to the Promissory Note and related loan documents ranks pari passu with the Maker’s senior lender, Madryn Fund Administration, LLC, and is subject to an intercreditor agreement.

Interest income recognized by the Company related to notes receivable was $0.2 million and $0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included within other income, net on the statements of operations.

10.     LEASES

Lessee:

The Company has operating leases for its corporate headquarters, a training facility and office equipment, including copiers. The Company leases an approximately 32,000 square foot facility in Malvern, Pennsylvania for its corporate headquarters, which includes office and warehouse space. The Company leases an approximately 9,600 square foot facility in Charlotte, North Carolina as a training facility for its NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems. The Company does not currently have any finance leases or executed leases that have not yet commenced.

Operating lease rent expense was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. As of March 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term of operating leases was 3.8 years and the weighted average discount rate was 7.2%.

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NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the supplemental cash flow information as a lessee related to leases (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	275	$	267

The following table sets forth by year the required future payments of operating lease liabilities (in thousands):

	Year ended
	March 31, 2024
Remainder of 2024	$	659
2025		898
2026		921
2027		882
2028		116
Total lease payments		3,476
Less imputed interest		(446)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	3,030

Lessor sales-type leases:

Certain customers have purchased NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems on a rent-to-own basis. The lease term is three or four years with a customer option to purchase the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System at the end of the lease or automatic transfer of ownership of the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System at the end of the lease.

The following table sets forth a maturity analysis of the undiscounted lease receivables related to sales-type leases (in thousands):

	March 31,
	2024
Remainder of 2024	$	692
2025		431
2026		118
2027		92
Total sales-type lease receivables	$	1,333

As of March 31, 2024, the carrying amount of the lease receivables was $1.3 million. The Company does not have any unguaranteed residual assets.

Lessor operating leases:

NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems sold for which collection is not probable are accounted for as operating leases. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized operating lease income of $0.02 million and $0.04 million, respectively.

The Company maintained rental equipment, net, of $0.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which are included in “Property and equipment, net” on the balance sheets. Rental equipment depreciation expense was $0.02 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

12

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

11.     PREPAID COMMISSION EXPENSE

The Company pays a commission on both NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System sales and treatment session sales. Since the commission paid for system sales is not commensurate with the commission paid for treatment sessions, the Company capitalizes commission expense associated with NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System sales commissions paid that is incremental to specifically anticipated future treatment session orders. In developing this estimate, the Company considered its historical treatment session sales and customer retention rates, as well as technology development life cycles and other industry factors. These costs are periodically reviewed for impairment.

NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System commissions are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over a seven year period equal to the average customer term, which the Company deems to be the expected period of benefit for these costs.

On the Company’s balance sheets, the current portion of capitalized contract costs is represented by the current portion of prepaid commission expense, while the long-term portion is included in prepaid commission expense. Amortization expense was $0.7 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

12.     ACCRUED EXPENSES

The following table presents the composition of accrued expenses as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Compensation and related benefits	$	4,032	$	8,003
Consulting and professional fees		614		488
Research and development expenses		285		260
Sales and marketing expenses		1,689		1,760
Warranty		239		213
Sales and other taxes payable		742		818
Interest payable		567		—
Other		877		1,053
Accrued expenses	$	9,045	$	12,595

13.     REVENUE AND DEFERRED REVENUE

Payment terms typically require payment upon shipment or installation of the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System and additional payments as access codes for treatment sessions are delivered, which can span several years after the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System is first delivered and installed. The timing of revenue recognition compared to billings and cash collections typically results in accounts receivable. However, sometimes customer advances and deposits may be required for certain customers and are recorded as contract liabilities (deferred revenue). For multi-year agreements, the Company generally invoices customers annually at the beginning of each annual coverage period and recognizes revenue over the term of the coverage period.

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NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

As of March 31, 2024, the Company expects to recognize approximately the following percentages of deferred revenue by year:

	Revenue
Year:	Recognition
Remainder of 2024	78	%
2025	19	%
2026	2	%
2027	1	%
Total	100	%

Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year was $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, and primarily represented revenue earned from separately priced extended warranties, customer deposits, milestone revenue, and clinical training.

Customers

Significant customers are those that represent more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue. For the period ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, one customer accounted for 17% and 18%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue.

Accounts receivable outstanding related to that customer was $2.4 million and $1.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Notes receivable outstanding related to that customer was $4.8 million and $5.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Geographical information

The following geographic data includes revenue generated from the Company’s third-party distributors. The Company’s revenue was generated in the following geographic regions and by product line for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Revenues by Geography
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
U.S.	$	16,793	96	%	$	14,964	96	%
International		624	4	%		576	4	%
Total revenues	$	17,417	100	%	$	15,540	100	%

14

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

	U.S. Revenues by Product Category
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System	$	3,310	20	%	$	3,850	26	%
Treatment sessions		12,988	77	%		10,643	71	%
Other		495	3	%		471	3	%
Total U.S. revenues	$	16,793	100	%	$	14,964	100	%

	International Revenues by Product Category
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System	$	258	41	%	$	259	45%	%
Treatment sessions		172	28	%		184	32%	%
Other		194	31	%		133	23%	%
Total international revenues	$	624	100	%	$	576	100%	%

14.     DEBT

The following table presents the composition of debt as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Outstanding principal	$	60,000	$	60,000
Accrued final payment fees		1,856		1,856
Less debt discounts		(2,412)		(2,573)
Total debt, net		59,444		59,283
Less current portion		—		—
Long-term debt, net	$	59,444	$	59,283

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 the Company recognized interest expense of $1.8 million, of which $1.7 million was cash and $0.1 million was non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of deferred debt issuance costs and accrual of final payment fees. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized interest expense of $1.3 million, of which $1.1 million was cash and $0.2 million was non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of deferred debt issuance costs and accrual of final payment fees.

Solar Credit Facility

On March 2, 2020 the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Solar Capital Ltd as collateral agent and other lenders as defined in the agreement (such agreement, as amended, the “Solar Facility”).

On March 7, 2024, the Company entered into a sixth amendment (the “Solar Sixth Amendment”) to the Solar Facility. Under the Solar Sixth Amendment, Solar: (a) waived the specified events with respect to the Company’s non-compliance with the required revenue under the net product revenue covenant; and (b)

15

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

amended the financial covenants by increasing the amount of the liquidity covenant and temporarily decreasing the net product revenue covenant to reflect current projections.

On September 29, 2023, the Company entered into a fifth amendment (the “Solar Fifth Amendment”) to the Solar Facility. The Solar Fifth Amendment allowed the Company to draw on the $22.5 million Term C Loan portion of the Solar Facility and revise the required testing levels of the net product revenue and minimum liquidity covenants for certain testing periods. On October 3, 2023, the Company borrowed $22.5 million under the Term C Loan portion of the Solar Facility, resulting in total borrowing of $60 million.

On March 29, 2023, the Company entered into a fourth amendment (the “Solar Fourth Amendment”) to the Loan and Security Agreement dated March 2, 2020 with SLR Investment Corp. (formerly known as Solar Capital Ltd.). The Solar Fourth Amendment increased the borrowings by $2.5 million, extended the interest only period from March 2023 to March 2026, and extended the maturity date from February 2025 to March 2028. In addition, the Solar Fourth Amendment changed the basis of the interest expense from LIBOR to SOFR.

The Solar Facility accrues interest from the date of borrowing through the date of repayment at a floating per annum rate of interest, which resets monthly and is equal to the greater of 5.65% plus (a) 3.95% or (b) daily simple SOFR for a term of one month. Only interest is required to be paid on the Solar Facility until March 1, 2026. Prior to the effectiveness of the Solar Fourth Amendment, the interest only period with respect to the Term A Loan expired on March 1, 2023. Commencing April 1, 2026, the Company will be required to make monthly payments of principal and interest on the Solar Facility.

In addition to the principal and interest payments due under the Solar Facility, the Company is required to pay a final payment fee to Solar upon the earlier of prepayment, acceleration or the maturity date of the Solar Facility equal to 4.95% of the principal amount of the term loans actually funded. If the Company prepays the Solar Facility prior to their respective scheduled maturities, the Company will also be required to pay prepayment fees to Solar equal to 3% of the principal amount of such term loan then-prepaid if prepaid on or before the first anniversary of the Term C Funding Date, 2% of the principal amount of such term loan then-prepaid if prepaid after the first anniversary and on or before the second anniversary of the Term C Funding Date, or 1% of the principal amount of such term loan then-prepaid if prepaid after the second anniversary of the Term C Funding Date.

The Company is also required to pay Solar an exit fee upon the occurrence of (a) any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, (b) any transaction that results in a person obtaining control over the Company, (c) the Company achieving $100 million in trailing twelve-month net product revenue or (d) the Company achieving $125 million in trailing twelve-month net product revenue. The exit fee for liquidation, dissolution, winding up or change of control of the Company is equal to 2% of the principal amount of the term loans actually funded. The exit fee for achieving either $100 million or $125 million in trailing twelve-month net product revenue is equal to 1% of the principal amount of the term loans actually funded or, if both net product revenue milestones are achieved, 2% of the principal amount of the term loans actually funded. The exit fee is capped at 2% of the principal amount of the term loans actually funded.

On January 31, 2024 and February 29, 2024, the Company was not in compliance with its minimum net product revenue covenant under the Solar Facility. The Company was granted a waiver from Solar in the Solar Sixth Amendment for the covenant violations. The amount of borrowings affected by this noncompliance was $60 million.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company is in compliance with all covenants in the Solar Facility and is projected to be in compliance with the covenants going forward.

16

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

15.     COMMON STOCK

Common Stock

The following table summarizes the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock issued and reserved for issuance as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Shares of common stock issued	29,975	29,092
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance for:
Common stock warrants outstanding	21	41
Stock options outstanding	1,270	1,270
Restricted stock units outstanding	3,299	3,360
Shares available for grant under stock incentive plans	1,320	978
Shares available for sale under employee stock purchase plan	1,624	1,335
Total shares of common stock issued and reserved for issuance	37,509	36,076

Common Stock Warrants

The following table summarize the Company’s outstanding common stock warrants as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

March 31, 2024
Warrants
Outstanding
(in thousands)	Exercise Price		Expiration Date
21	$	9.73	Dec-2024
21

December 31, 2023
Warrants
Outstanding
(in thousands)	Exercise Price		Expiration Date
20	$	9.73	Mar-2024
21	$	9.73	Dec-2024
41

16.     LOSS PER SHARE

The Company’s basic loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The Company’s restricted stock awards (non-vested shares) are issued and outstanding at the time of grant but are excluded from the Company’s computation of weighted average shares outstanding in the determination of basic loss per share until vesting occurs.

A net loss cannot be diluted, so when the Company is in a net loss position, basic and diluted loss per common share are the same. If the Company achieves profitability in the future, the denominator of a diluted earnings per common share calculation will include both the weighted average number of shares outstanding and the number of common stock equivalents, if the inclusion of such common stock equivalents would be dilutive. Dilutive common stock equivalents potentially include warrants, stock options, non-vested restricted stock units and non-vested performance restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) using the treasury stock method,

17

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

along with the effect, if any, from the potential conversion of outstanding securities, such as convertible preferred stock.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 have been excluded from the denominator of the diluted loss per share of common stock outstanding calculation (in thousands):

	March 31,
	2024	2023
Stock options	1,270	1,291
Non-vested PRSUs	395	395
Non-vested restricted stock units	2,904	3,253
Common stock warrants	21	61

17.     SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The amount of share-based compensation expense recognized by the Company by location in its statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cost of revenues	$	34	$	37
Sales and marketing		350		642
General and administrative		777		967
Research and development		177		159
Total	$	1,338	$	1,805

2018 Equity Incentive Plan

In June 2018, the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, ( the “2018 Plan”), which authorized the issuance of up to 1.4 million shares, subject to an annual 4% increase based on the number of shares of common stock outstanding, in the form of restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and stock options to the Company’s directors, employees and consultants. The amount and terms of grants are determined by the Company’s board of directors. All stock options granted to date have had exercise prices equal to the fair value, as determined by the closing price as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market, of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. The contractual term of stock options is up to 10 years, and stock options are exercisable in cash or as otherwise determined by the board of directors. Generally, stock options vest 25% upon the first anniversary of the date of grant and the remainder ratably monthly thereafter for 36 months. Restricted stock units generally vest ratably in three equal installments on the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date. PRSUs generally vest based on appreciation of the Company’s common stock to a certain price as determined by the Company’s board of directors measured using a trailing 30-day volume-weighted average price of a share of the Company’s common stock. The fair value of the PRSU awards are determined using a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. As of March 31, 2024, there were 1.1 million shares available for future issuance under the 2018 Plan.

18

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

2020 Inducement Incentive Plan

In December 2020, the Company adopted the 2020 Inducement Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which authorized the issuance of up to 0.4 million shares, subject to increase by approval of the Company’s board of directors, in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance stock awards and other stock awards to eligible employees who satisfy the standards for inducement grants under Nasdaq Global Market rules. In March 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved an additional 0.5 million shares for the issuance under the 2020 Plan. An individual who previously served as an employee or director of the Company is not eligible to receive awards under the 2020 Plan. The amount and terms of grants are determined by the Company’s board of directors. As of March 31, 2024, there were 0.2 million shares available for future issuance under the 2020 Plan.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

				Weighted	Aggregate
	Number of	Weighted		average	average
	Shares under	average		Remaining	Intrinsic
	Option	Exercise Price		Contractual	Value
	(in thousands)	per Option		Life (in years)	(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	1,270	$	3.90
Granted	—	$	—
Exercised	—	$	—
Forfeited	—	$	—
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	1,270	$	3.90	5.8	$	2,727
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	1,187	$	4.03	5.7	$	2,495
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2024	1,270	$	3.90	5.8	$	2,727

The Company recognized share-based compensation expense related to stock options of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. As of March 31, 2024, there was $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of 0.3 years.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company did not grant stock options.

Restricted Stock Units and PRSUs

The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock unit and PRSU activity for March 31, 2024:

	Non-vested		Weighted	Non-vested		Weighted
	Restricted		average	PRSUs		average
	Stock Units		Grant-date			Grant-date
	(in thousands)		Fair Value	(in thousands)		Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2023	2,965	$	4.37	395	$	6.77
Granted	990	$	3.24	—	$	—
Vested	(883)	$	5.21	—	$	—
Forfeited	(168)	$	4.58	—	$	—
Non-vested at March 31, 2024	2,904	$	3.71	395	$	6.77

The Company recognized $1.3 million and $1.7 million in share-based compensation expense related to the restricted stock units and PRSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, there was $8.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted

19

NEURONETICS, INC.

Notes to Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

stock units and PRSUs, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of 2.0 years. The total fair value at the vesting date of restricted stock units and PRSUs vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $3.1 million.

The Company did not grant PRSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

18.     COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Matters

The Company is subject from time to time to various claims and legal actions arising during the ordinary course of its business. Management believes that there are currently no claims or legal actions that would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

19.     SEGMENT INFORMATION

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company currently operates in one business segment as it is managed and operated as one business. A single management team that reports to the chief operating decision maker comprehensively manages the entire business. The Company does not operate any material separate lines of business or separate business entities with respect to its products or product development.

20.     GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE

Employee Retention Credit

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act provided an Employee Retention Credit (the “ERC”), which was a refundable tax credit related to certain payroll taxes. The Company applied the grant model and determined that the criteria for recognition of the ERC was met during the year ended December 31, 2023 based on the Company’s determination of eligibility and filing of the ERC claim. As of March 31, 2024, the $2.9 million ERC receivable is reported within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Company’s balance sheets.

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Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations, as well as other sections in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, should be read in conjunction with our unaudited interim financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere herein. In addition to historical financial information, some of the information contained in the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, current and prospective products, product approvals, research and development costs, current and prospective collaborations, timing and likelihood of success, plans and objectives of management for future operations and future results of current and anticipated products, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “design,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “outlook” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions described in “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024.These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, risks and uncertainties related to: our ability to achieve or sustain profitable operations due to our history of losses; our reliance on the sale and usage of our NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System to generate revenues; the scale and efficacy of our salesforce; availability of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors for treatments using our products; physician and patient demand for treatments using our products; developments in respect of competing technologies and therapies for the indications that our products treat; product defects; our revenue has been concentrated among a small number of customers; our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our technology; developments in clinical trials or regulatory review of the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System for additional indications; developments in regulation in the U.S. and other applicable jurisdictions; the terms of our credit facility; our ability to successfully roll-out our Better Me Guarantee Provider Program on the planned timeline; our self-sustainability and existing cash balances; and our ability to achieve cash flow break-even in the fourth quarter of 2024 and on a full-year basis in 2025. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. The Company cautions investors not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as a result of any new information, future events or changed circumstances or otherwise.

Overview

We are a commercial stage medical technology company focused on designing, developing and marketing products that improve the quality of life for patients who suffer from neurohealth disorders. Our first commercial product, the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System, is a non-invasive and non-systemic office-based treatment that uses TMS to create a pulsed, MRI-strength magnetic field that induces electrical currents designed to stimulate specific areas of the brain associated with mood. The NeuroStar Advanced

21

Therapy System is cleared by the FDA to treat adult patients with MDD that have failed to achieve satisfactory improvement from prior antidepressant medication in the current MDD episode. It is also cleared by the FDA as an adjunct for adults with OCD, and to decrease anxiety symptoms in adult patients with MDD that may exhibit comorbid anxiety symptoms (anxious depression), and as an adjunct for the treatment of MDD in adolescent patients aged 15-21. The NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System is safe, clinically effective, reproducible and precise and we believe is supported by the largest clinical data set of any competing TMS system. We believe we are the market leader in TMS therapy based on over 175,379 global patients treated with over 6.4 million of our treatment sessions through March 31, 2024. We generated revenues of $17.4 million and $15.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We designed the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System as a non-invasive therapeutic alternative to treat patients who suffer from MDD and to address many of the key limitations of other treatment options. We generate revenues from initial capital sales of our systems, recurring treatment sessions, service and repair and extended warranty contracts. We derive the majority of our revenues from recurring treatment sessions. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenues from sales of our treatment sessions and NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems represented 77% and 20% of our U.S. revenues, respectively.

We currently sell our NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System and recurring treatment sessions in the U.S. with the collaborative support of our 202 employees as of March 31, 2024. Symphony Health estimates that there are approximately 26,300 group and solo practice sites in the U.S. with psychiatrists that prescribe antidepressant medications. Our direct sales force primarily targets 53,000 psychiatrists at 26,300 psychiatric practices that treat approximately 13.9 million patients based on data from the Journal of the American Medical Association. Some of our customers have purchased or may purchase more than one NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System. Based on our commercial data, we believe our customers can recoup their initial capital investment in our system by providing a standard course of treatment to approximately 12 patients. We believe our customers can generate approximately $8,500 of average revenue per patient for a standard course of treatment, which may provide meaningful incremental income to their practices. We have a diverse customer base, including psychiatrists in group psychiatric practices, pain management physicians and other medical professionals in the U.S. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, one customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenues.

We market our products in a few select markets outside the U.S. through independent distributors. International revenues represented 4% of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. In October 2017, we entered into an exclusive distribution agreement with Teijin Pharma Limited for the distribution of our NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems and treatment sessions to customers who will treat patients with MDD in Japan. We received regulatory approval for our system in Japan in September 2017. We obtained reimbursement coverage for the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System in Japan, which went into effect on June 1, 2019 and covers patients who are treated in the largest inpatient and outpatient psychiatric facilities in Japan. We expect our international revenues to be consistent as a percentage of our total revenue.

Our research and development efforts are focused on hardware and software product developments, enhancements of our NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System, and clinical development relating to additional indications. We outsource the manufacture of components of our NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems that are produced to our specifications, and individual components are either shipped directly from our third-party contract manufacturers to our customers or consolidated into pallets at our Malvern, Pennsylvania facility prior to shipment. Final installation of these systems occurs at the customer site.

Total revenues an increase by $1.9 million, or 12%, from $15.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $17.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our U.S. revenues were $16.8 million compared to $15.0 million for three months ended March 31, 2023, which represents an increase of 12%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in U.S. treatment session sales. We incurred net losses of $7.9 million for the three months ended

22

March 31, 2024 compared to net losses of $10.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. We expect to continue to incur losses for the next several years as we invest in our commercial organization to support our planned sales growth and while continuing to invest in our pipeline indications. As of March 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $384.0 million.

Global Economic Conditions

We are continuing to closely monitor macroeconomic impacts, including, but not limited to, developments affecting financial institutions, inflationary and potential recessionary pressures, on our business, results of operations and financial results. We currently believe these conditions have no material impact.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenues

We have generated revenues primarily from the capital portion of our business and related sales and rentals of the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System and the recurring revenues from our sale of treatment sessions in the U.S.

NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System Revenues. NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System revenues consist primarily of sales or rentals of a capital component, including equipment upgrades to the initial sale of the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System. NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems can be purchased outright or on a rent-to-own basis by certain customers.

Treatment Session Revenues. Treatment session revenues primarily include sales of NeuroStar treatment sessions and SenStar treatment links. The NeuroStar treatment sessions are access codes that are delivered electronically in the U.S. The SenStar treatment links are disposable units containing single-use access codes that are sold and used outside the U.S. Access codes are purchased separately by our customers, primarily on an as-needed basis, and are required by the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System in order to deliver treatment sessions.

Other Revenues. Other revenues are derived primarily from service and repair and extended warranty contracts with our existing customers.

We refer you to the section titled “Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates—Revenue Recognition” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024. We also refer you to “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Notes to Interim Financial Statements located in Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION, Item 1. Financial Statements.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin

Cost of revenues primarily consists of the costs of components and products purchased from our third-party contract manufacturers of our NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems and the costs of treatment packs for individual treatment sessions. We use third-party contract manufacturing partners to produce the components for and assemble the completed NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems. Cost of revenues also includes costs related to personnel, warranty, shipping, and our operations and field service departments. We expect our cost of revenues to increase to the extent our revenues grow.

Our gross profit is calculated by subtracting our cost of revenues from our revenues. We calculate our gross margin as our gross profit divided by our revenues. Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, primarily product sales mix, pricing and third-party contract manufacturing costs. Our gross margins on revenues from sales of NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems are lower than our gross margins on revenues from sales of treatment sessions and, as a result, the sales mix between NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems and treatment sessions can affect the gross margin in any reporting period.

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Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist of market research and commercial activities related to the sale of our NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems and treatment sessions and salaries and related benefits, sales commissions and share-based compensation for employees focused on these efforts. Other significant sales and marketing costs include conferences and trade shows, co-op marketing, promotional and marketing activities, including direct and online marketing, practice support programs and radio media campaigns, travel and training expenses.

We anticipate that our sales and marketing expenses will remain materially consistent during 2024 compared to 2023 expenses. We have plans to grow the co-op marketing program, but that increase in expense will be offset by savings in other areas.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, including salaries and related benefits, share-based compensation and travel expenses, for employees in executive, finance, information technology, legal and human resource functions. General and administrative expenses also include the cost of insurance, outside legal fees, accounting and other consulting services, audit fees from our independent registered public accounting firm, board of directors’ fees and other administrative costs, such as corporate facility costs, including rent, utilities, depreciation and maintenance not otherwise included in cost of revenues.

We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will remain relatively consistent during 2024 compared to our 2023 expenses.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, including salaries and related benefits and share-based compensation for employees in clinical development, product development, regulatory and quality assurance functions, as well as expenses associated with outsourced professional scientific development services and costs of investigative sites and consultants that conduct our preclinical and clinical development programs. We typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our research and development programs.

We plan to incur research and development expenses for the near future as we expect to continue our development of TMS therapy for the treatment of additional patient populations and new indications related to neurohealth disorders, as well as for various hardware and software development projects. As a result, we expect our research and development expenses to increase during 2024 compared to our 2023 expenses.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of cash interest payable under our credit facility and non-cash interest attributable to the accrual of final payment fees and the amortization of deferred financing costs related to our indebtedness.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net, consists primarily of interest income earned on our money market account balances and notes receivable.

24

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,						Increase / (Decrease)
	2024			2023			Dollars		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Revenues	$	17,417		$	15,540		$	1,877	12	%
Cost of revenues		4,329			4,144			185	4	%
Gross Profit		13,088			11,396			1,692	15	%
Gross Margin		75.1	%		73.3	%
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		11,641			11,902			(261)	(2)	%
General and administrative		5,957			6,611			(654)	(10)	%
Research and development		2,349			2,790			(441)	(16)	%
Total operating expenses		19,947			21,303			(1,356)	(6)	%
Loss from Operations		(6,859)			(9,907)			3,048	31	%
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense		1,826			1,253			573	46	%
Other income, net		(812)			(640)			(172)	27	%
Net Loss	$	(7,873)		$	(10,520)		$	2,647	25	%

	Revenues by Geography
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
U.S.	$	16,793	96	%	$	14,964	96	%
International		624	4	%		576	4	%
Total revenues	$	17,417	100	%	$	15,540	100	%

	U.S. Revenues by Product Category
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System	$	3,310	20	%	$	3,850	26	%
Treatment sessions		12,988	77	%		10,643	71	%
Other		495	3	%		471	3	%
Total U.S. revenues	$	16,793	100	%	$	14,964	100	%

25

	U.S. NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System
	Revenues by Type
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
NeuroStar capital	$	3,210	97	%	$	3,649	95	%
Operating lease		25	1	%		39	1	%
Other		75	2	%		162	4	%
Total U.S. NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System revenues	$	3,310	100	%	$	3,850	100	%

Revenues

Total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $17.4 million, an increase of 12% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 revenue of $15.5 million. During the quarter, total U.S. revenue increased by 12% and international revenue increased by 8% over the prior year quarter. The U.S. growth was driven by an increase in treatment session sales, partially off set by a decrease in NeuroStar capital revenue. The increase in international revenue was due to an increase in other component sales.

U.S. NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $3.3 million, a decrease of 14% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 revenue of $3.9 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company sold 40 and 49 systems, respectively.

U.S. treatment session revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $13.0 million, an increase of 22% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 revenue of $10.6 million. The increase in U.S. treatment session revenue was primarily the result of an increase of 51,995 treatment sessions sold from 158,742 units for the three ended March 31, 2023 to 210,737 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. We believe the increase in overall volume of treatment session revenue between these two periods was primarily due to the growth in active customer sites of 87 from 1,081 as of March 31, 2023 to 1,168 as of March 31, 2024 and increase in overall utilization. Due to the time it takes for the customer sites to become fully operational, treatment session revenue will lag in the growth of our active customer sites.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin

Cost of revenues increased by $0.2 million, or 4%, from $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Gross margin increased from 73.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to 75.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily a result of increased sales volume of our treatment session sales and the change in product mix.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $0.3 million, or 2%, from $11.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $11.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in sales meeting costs, partially offset by an increase in marketing program spend, specifically the growth related to the co-op marketing initiative.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.6 million, or 10%, from $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $6.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily related to a reduction in personnel expenses and third party legal and consulting fees in the current period versus the prior year quarter.

26

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.5 million, or 16%, from $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in research and development was driven by an increase in capitalization of product development costs related to certain of the Company’s software project costs.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased by $0.5 million, or 38%, from $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 due to an overall increase in debt and increase in interest rate.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net, increased by $0.2 million from $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily as a result of increased interest income earned on the Company’s money market accounts and increase in notes receivable interest.

27

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

As of March 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $47.7 million and an accumulated deficit of $384.0 million, compared to cash and cash equivalents of $59.7 million and an accumulated deficit of $376.1 million as of December 31, 2023. We incurred negative cash flows from operating activities of $12.0 million and $15.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We have incurred operating losses since our inception, and we anticipate that our operating losses will lessen in the near term as we adjust our sales and marketing initiatives, research and development activities and other corporate initiatives. The Company’s primary sources of capital to date have been proceeds from its IPO, private placements of its convertible preferred securities, borrowings under its credit facility, proceeds from its secondary public offering of common stock and revenues from sales of its products. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $60.0 million of borrowings outstanding under its credit facility, which has a final maturity in March 2028. Management believes that the Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2024 and anticipated revenues from sales of its products are sufficient to fund the Company’s operations for at least 12 months from the issuance of these financial statements.

If our cash and cash equivalents and anticipated revenues from sales or our products are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may seek to sell additional common or preferred equity or debt securities or enter into a new credit facility or another form of third-party funding or seek other debt financing. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity or equity-linked securities, our stockholders would experience dilution and any new equity securities could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. Debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting our operations or our ability to incur additional debt. We cannot be assured that additional equity, equity-linked or debt financing will be available on terms favorable to us or our stockholders, or at all. It is also possible that we may allocate significant amounts of capital towards products or technologies for which market demand is lower than expected and, as a result, abandon such efforts. If we are unable to maintain our current financing or obtain adequate additional financing when we require it, or if we obtain financing on terms which are not favorable to us, or if we expend capital on products or technologies that are unsuccessful, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited, or we may be required to delay the development, commercialization and marketing of our products.

Our current and future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

● our ability to achieve revenue growth and improve operating margins;

● compliance with the terms and conditions, including covenants, set forth in our credit facility;

● the cost of expanding our operations and offerings, including our sales and marketing efforts;

● our ability to improve or maintain coverage and reimbursement arrangements with domestic and international third-party and government payors;

● our rate of progress in establishing coverage and reimbursement arrangements from international commercial third-party and government payors;

● our rate of progress in, and cost of the sales and marketing activities associated with, establishing adoption of our products and maintaining or improving our sales to our current customers;

● the cost of research and development activities, including research and development relating to additional indications of neurohealth disorders;

● the effect of competing technological and market developments;

28

● costs related to international expansion; and

● the potential cost of and delays in product development as a result of any regulatory oversight applicable to our products.

As of March 31, 2024, there were no significant changes to our material cash requirements as set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Net Cash used in Operating Activities	$	(12,015)	$	(15,213)
Net Cash provided by (used in) Investing Activities		68		(183)
Net Cash provided by Financing Activities		—		499
Net (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	(11,947)	$	(14,897)

Net Cash used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $12.0 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $7.9 million, an increase in accounts receivable of $2.7 million, a decrease in accrued bonus and accounts payable of $4.5 million and a decrease in other assets of $0.4 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $2.7 million. Non-cash charges consisted of depreciation, allowance for credit losses and share-based compensation.

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $15.2 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $10.5 million and a decrease in net operating liabilities of $7.2 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $2.5 million. The decrease in net operating liabilities was primarily due to decreases in our accrued expenses as a result of the 2023 payment of the 2022 bonus compensation accrued as of December 31, 2022. Non-cash charges consisted of depreciation and amortization, non-cash interest expense and share-based compensation.

Net Cash provided by (used in) Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $0.1 million. Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to repayment of notes receivable, partially offset by purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software costs.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $0.2 million. Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to repayment of notes receivable and purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software costs.

Net Cash provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $0. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $0.5 million and primarily consisted of the additional debt net of the final payment and amendment fee paid in connection with the Solar Fourth Amendment.

29

Indebtedness

For information regarding the Solar Facility, refer to “Debt” in Notes to Interim Financial Statements located in Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION, Item 1. Financial Statements..

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We refer you to “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Notes to Interim Financial Statements in Notes to Interim Financial Statements located in Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION, Item 1. Financial Statements.

Item 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We refer you to the information described in “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” section of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024. There have been no material changes to our market risk described therein.

We continue to monitor inflationary factors, such as increases in our cost of revenues and operating expenses that may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe inflation has had a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain and increase our gross margin or decrease our operating expenses as a percentage of our revenues if the selling prices of our products do not increase as much or more than our costs increase.

Item 4.     Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, refers to controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial and Accounting Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

30

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.     Legal Proceedings.

We are subject from time to time to various claims and legal actions arising during the ordinary course of our business. We believe that there are currently no claims or legal actions that would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

Item 1A.     Risk Factors.

You should carefully consider the information described in the “Risk Factors” section of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024. There have been no material changes to the risk factors described therein.

Item 2.     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Not applicable.

Item 3.     Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5.     Other Information.

Not applicable.

31

Item 6.     Exhibits.

The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Where so indicated, exhibits that were previously filed are incorporated by reference. For exhibits incorporated by reference, the location of the exhibit in the previous filing is indicated.

Exhibit Number	Description
10.1◊	Sixth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated March 7, 2024, by and among SLR Investment Corp. (formerly known as Solar Capital Ltd.), as collateral agent, the lenders listed on the signature pages thereto, and Neuronetics, Inc.
10.2◊	Secured Promissory Note and Guaranty Agreement, dated March 31, 2023, by and among TMS Neurohealth Centers Inc., as maker, Greenbrook TMS Inc. and its subsidiaries, excluding TMS Neurohealth Centers Inc., as guarantors, and Neuronetics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2023).
31.1*	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because iXBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (Formatted as Inline XBRL and contained Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

◊ Certain portions of this exhibit have been omitted to preserve the confidentiality of such information. The Company will furnish copies of any such information to the SEC or its staff upon request.

** This certification is being furnished solely to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350 and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing of the registrant under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

32

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	NEURONETICS, INC.
	(Registrant)
Date: May 07, 2024	By:	/s/ Keith J. Sullivan
	Name:	Keith J. Sullivan
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 07, 2024	By:	/s/ Stephen Furlong
	Name:	Stephen Furlong
	Title:	EVP, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

33

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Keith J. Sullivan, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Neuronetics, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures, and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report, any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 07, 2024	By:	/s/ Keith J. Sullivan
	Name:	Keith J. Sullivan
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Stephen Furlong, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Neuronetics, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures, and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report, any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

s
Date: May 07, 2024	By:	/s/ Stephen Furlong
	Name:	Stephen Furlong
	Title:	EVP, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Neuronetics, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Date: May 07, 2024	By:	/s/ Keith J. Sullivan
	Name:	Keith J. Sullivan
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Neuronetics, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Date: May 07, 2024	By:	/s/ Stephen Furlong
	Name:	Stephen Furlong
	Title:	EVP, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	May 03, 2024
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38546
Entity Registrant Name	NEURONETICS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	33-1051425
Entity Address, Address Line One	3222 Phoenixville Pike
Entity Address, City or Town	Malvern
Entity Address, State or Province	PA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	19355
City Area Code	610
Local Phone Number	640-4202
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock ($0.01 par value)
Trading Symbol	STIM
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		29,997,563
Entity Central Index Key	0001227636
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 47,730	$ 59,677
Accounts receivable, net	17,504	15,782
Inventory	6,694	8,093
Current portion of net investments in sales-type leases	816	905
Current portion of prepaid commission expense	2,630	2,514
Current portion of notes receivable	2,121	2,056
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,370	4,766
Total current assets	81,865	93,793
Property and equipment, net	1,847	2,009
Operating lease right-of-use assets	2,628	2,773
Net investments in sales-type leases	517	661
Prepaid commission expense	8,408	8,370
Long-term notes receivable	3,663	3,795
Other assets	4,883	4,430
Total assets	103,811	115,831
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,979	4,752
Accrued expenses	9,045	12,595
Deferred revenue	1,623	1,620
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	851	845
Total current liabilities	14,498	19,812
Long-term debt, net	59,444	59,283
Deferred revenue	35	200
Operating lease liabilities	2,179	2,346
Total liabilities	76,156	81,641
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 10,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding on March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 200,000 shares authorized; 29,975 and 29,092 shares issued and outstanding on March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	300	291
Additional paid-in capital	411,309	409,980
Accumulated deficit	(383,954)	(376,081)
Total Stockholders' equity	27,655	34,190
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' equity	$ 103,811	$ 115,831

XML

Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Balance Sheets
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	10,000	10,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	200,000	200,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	29,975	29,092
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	29,975	29,092

XML

Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statements of Operations
Revenues	$ 17,417	$ 15,540
Cost of revenues	4,329	4,144
Gross profit	13,088	11,396
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	11,641	11,902
General and administrative	5,957	6,611
Research and development	2,349	2,790
Total operating expenses	19,947	21,303
Loss from operations	(6,859)	(9,907)
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense	1,826	1,253
Other income, net	(812)	(640)
Net loss	$ (7,873)	$ (10,520)
Net loss per share of common stock outstanding, basic	$ (0.27)	$ (0.38)
Net loss per share of common stock outstanding, diluted	$ (0.27)	$ (0.38)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic	29,472	28,034
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted	29,472	28,034

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Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 273	$ 402,679	$ (345,892)	$ 57,060
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022	27,268
Share-based awards and options exercises	$ 12	(12)
Share-based awards and options exercises (in shares)	1,197
Share-based compensation expense		1,805		1,805
Net Loss			(10,520)	(10,520)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 285	404,472	(356,412)	48,345
Ending balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2023	28,465
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 291	409,980	(376,081)	34,190
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2023	29,092
Share-based awards and options exercises	$ 9	(9)
Share-based awards and options exercises (in shares)	883
Share-based compensation expense		1,338		1,338
Net Loss			(7,873)	(7,873)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 300	$ 411,309	$ (383,954)	$ 27,655
Ending balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2024	29,975

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Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Cash flows from Operating activities:
Net loss	$ (7,873)	$ (10,520)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	560	516
Allowance for credit losses	566	330
Inventory impairment	71
Share-based compensation	1,338	1,805
Non-cash interest expense	161	188
Changes in certain assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(2,667)	(2,337)
Inventory	1,328	(243)
Net investments in sales-type leases	234	535
Prepaid commission expense	(154)	(175)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	116	131
Accounts payable	(1,983)	2,484
Accrued expenses	(3,549)	(7,680)
Deferred revenue	(163)	(247)
Net Cash used in Operating activities	(12,015)	(15,213)	$ (32,000)
Cash flows from Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software	(375)	(234)
Repayment of notes receivable	443	51
Net Cash provided by (used in) Investing activities	68	(183)
Cash flows from Financing activities:
Payments of debt issuance costs		(801)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		2,500
Repayment of long-term debt		(1,200)
Net Cash provided by Financing activities		499
Net decrease in Cash and Cash equivalents	(11,947)	(14,897)
Cash and Cash equivalents, Beginning of Period	59,677	70,340	70,340
Cash and Cash equivalents, End of Period	47,730	55,443	$ 59,677
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	1,666	1,064
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software in accounts payable and accrued expenses	210	52
Reduction of accounts receivable in current and long-term notes receivable	$ 381	$ 6,146

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DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business

1.     DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Neuronetics, Inc. (the “Company”) is a commercial stage medical technology company focused on designing, developing and marketing products that improve the quality of life for patients who suffer from neurohealth disorders. The Company’s first commercial product, the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System, is a non-invasive and non-systemic office-based treatment that uses transcranial magnetic stimulation (“TMS”) to create a pulsed, MRI-strength magnetic field that induces electrical currents designed to stimulate specific areas of the brain associated with mood. The NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System was cleared in 2008 by the United States (“U.S.”) Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) to treat adult patients with major depressive disorder (“MDD”) who have failed to achieve satisfactory improvement from prior antidepressant medication in the current MDD episode. It is also cleared by the FDA as an adjunct for adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (“OCD”), and to decrease anxiety symptoms in adult patients with MDD that may exhibit comorbid anxiety symptoms (anxious depression), and as an adjunct for the treatment of MDD in adolescent patients aged 15-21. The NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System is also available in other parts of the world, including Japan, where it is listed under Japan’s national health insurance. The Company intends to continue to pursue development of its NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System for additional indications.

Liquidity

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $47.7 million and an accumulated deficit of $384.0 million. The Company incurred negative cash flows from operating activities of $12.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and $32.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company has incurred operating losses since its inception, and management anticipates that its operating losses will continue in the near term as the Company continues to invest in sales, marketing and product development activities. The Company’s primary sources of capital to date have been proceeds from its initial public offering (“IPO”), private placements of its convertible preferred securities, borrowings under its credit facility, proceeds from its secondary public offering of common stock and revenues from sales of its products. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $60.0 million of borrowings outstanding under its credit facility, which has a final maturity in March 2028. Management believes that the Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2024 and anticipated revenues from sales of its products are sufficient to fund the Company’s operations for at least the next 12 months from the issuance of these financial statements.

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

2.     BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”).

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared from the books and records of the Company in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which permit reduced disclosures for interim periods. All adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the accompanying balance sheets and statements of operations and stockholders’ equity and cash flows have been made. Although these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete annual financial statements, management believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Unaudited interim results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the

results that may be expected for the full year. Unaudited interim financial statements and footnotes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024, wherein a more complete discussion of significant accounting policies and certain other information can be found.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC requires the use of estimates and assumptions, based on judgments considered reasonable, which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Although management believes its estimates and assumptions are reasonable when made, they are based upon information available at the time they are made. Management evaluates the estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and, if necessary, makes adjustments. Due to the risks and uncertainties involved in the Company’s business and evolving market conditions, and given the subjective element of the estimates and assumptions made, actual results may differ materially from estimated results.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3.     SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company’s complete summary of significant accounting policies can be found in “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024.

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RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

New Accounting Pronouncements And Changes In Accounting Principles [Abstract]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

4.     RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

New Accounting Standards Adopted by the Company

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which requires public companies to disclose for each reportable segment the significant expense categories and amounts for such expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. This ASU will be effective for our annual period ended December 31, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of ASU 2023-07 on its disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which requires public business entities to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. This ASU will be effective for our annual period ended December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of ASU 2023-09 on its disclosures.

Other than the items noted above, there have been no new accounting pronouncements not yet effective or adopted in the current year that we believe have a significant impact, or potential significant impact, to our unaudited interim financial statements.

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement and Financial Instruments

5.     FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The carrying values of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaids and other current assets, and accounts payable on the Company’s balance sheets approximated their fair values as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to their short-term nature. The carrying values of the Company’s credit facility approximated its fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to its variable interest rate. The carrying value of the Company’s notes receivable approximated its fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to its variable interest rate.

Certain of the Company’s financial instruments are measured at fair value using a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2: Inputs are quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; or model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3: Inputs are unobservable and reflect the Company’s own assumptions, based on the best information available, including the Company’s own data.

The following tables set forth the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
					Fair Value Measurement Based on
					Quoted		Significant
					Prices In		other		Significant
					Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying				Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	$	27,855	$	27,855	$	27,855	$	—	$	—

	December 31, 2023
					Fair Value Measurement Based on
					Quoted		Significant
					Prices In		other		Significant
					Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying				Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	$	27,507	$	27,507	$	27,507	$	—	$	—

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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable

6.     ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

The following table presents the composition of accounts receivable, net, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Gross accounts receivable - trade	$	18,756	$	16,577
Less: Allowances for credit losses		(1,252)		(795)
Accounts receivable, net	$	17,504	$	15,782

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Inventory

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory

7.     INVENTORY

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost being determined on a first in, first out basis. The Company’s inventory is primarily comprised of finished goods and work-in-process.

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property Plant And Equipment Abstract [Abstract]

Property and Equipment and Capitalized Software

8.     PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE

The following table presents the composition of property and equipment, net, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Laboratory equipment	$	702	$	702
Office equipment		495		495
Auto		23		23
Computer equipment and software		1,105		1,082
Manufacturing equipment		551		551
Leasehold improvements		1,436		1,436
Rental equipment		542		542
Property and equipment, gross		4,854		4,831
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(3,007)		(2,822)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,847	$	2,009

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had capitalized software costs, net, of $4.4 million and $4.2 million, respectively, which are included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” and “Other assets” on the balance sheets.

Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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NOTES RECEIVABLE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Notes Receivable

Notes Receivable

9.     NOTES RECEIVABLE

Greenbrook TMS Inc.

On March 31, 2023, the Company entered into a Secured Promissory Note and Guaranty Agreement (the “Promissory Note”) with TMS Neurohealth Centers Inc. (the “Maker”) and Greenbrook TMS Inc. and its

subsidiaries, excluding the Maker (the “Guarantors”), in the principal amount of $6.0 million for a period of four years.

Notes receivable outstanding was $4.8 million and $5.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Promissory Note bears interest at a rate equal to the sum of (a) the floating interest rate of daily secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on its website (“SOFR”) plus (b) 7.65%.

Pursuant to the terms of the Promissory Note, in the event of an event of default thereunder, the Maker will be required to issue common share purchase warrants to the Company equal to (i) 200% of the unpaid amount of any delinquent amount or payment due and payable under the Promissory Note, together with all outstanding and unpaid accrued interest, fees, charges and costs, divided by (ii) the exercise price of the warrants, which will represent (i) if the Maker’s common shares are traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), a 20% discount to the 30-day volume weighted average closing price of Greenbrook TMS Inc.’s common shares traded on the Nasdaq prior to the date of issuance (subject to any limitations that may be required by Nasdaq), (ii) if the Maker’s common shares are not then traded on Nasdaq, but are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) or another nationally recognized U.S. or Canadian securities exchange, inter-dealer quotation system or over-the-counter market (an “Other Market”), a 20% discount to the 30-day volume weighted average closing of Greenbrook TMS Inc’s common shares traded on the TSX or Other Market, as elected by the Company, or (iii) if the Maker’s common shares are not traded on any of the above trading markets, a 20% discount to the fair market value of a common share as determined pursuant to the Promissory Note.

Under the Promissory Note and related loan documents, the Maker and the Guarantors have granted to the Company a security interest in substantially all of the Maker’s and the Guarantors’ assets and the Guarantors have guaranteed the Maker’s obligations under the Promissory Note. The Company’s security interest pursuant to the Promissory Note and related loan documents ranks pari passu with the Maker’s senior lender, Madryn Fund Administration, LLC, and is subject to an intercreditor agreement.

Interest income recognized by the Company related to notes receivable was $0.2 million and $0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included within other income, net on the statements of operations.

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LEASES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

10.     LEASES

Lessee:

The Company has operating leases for its corporate headquarters, a training facility and office equipment, including copiers. The Company leases an approximately 32,000 square foot facility in Malvern, Pennsylvania for its corporate headquarters, which includes office and warehouse space. The Company leases an approximately 9,600 square foot facility in Charlotte, North Carolina as a training facility for its NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems. The Company does not currently have any finance leases or executed leases that have not yet commenced.

Operating lease rent expense was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. As of March 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term of operating leases was 3.8 years and the weighted average discount rate was 7.2%.

The following table presents the supplemental cash flow information as a lessee related to leases (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	275	$	267

The following table sets forth by year the required future payments of operating lease liabilities (in thousands):

	Year ended
	March 31, 2024
Remainder of 2024	$	659
2025		898
2026		921
2027		882
2028		116
Total lease payments		3,476
Less imputed interest		(446)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	3,030

Lessor sales-type leases:

Certain customers have purchased NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems on a rent-to-own basis. The lease term is three or four years with a customer option to purchase the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System at the end of the lease or automatic transfer of ownership of the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System at the end of the lease.

The following table sets forth a maturity analysis of the undiscounted lease receivables related to sales-type leases (in thousands):

	March 31,
	2024
Remainder of 2024	$	692
2025		431
2026		118
2027		92
Total sales-type lease receivables	$	1,333

As of March 31, 2024, the carrying amount of the lease receivables was $1.3 million. The Company does not have any unguaranteed residual assets.

Lessor operating leases:

NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems sold for which collection is not probable are accounted for as operating leases. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized operating lease income of $0.02 million and $0.04 million, respectively.

The Company maintained rental equipment, net, of $0.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which are included in “Property and equipment, net” on the balance sheets. Rental equipment depreciation expense was $0.02 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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PREPAID COMMISSION EXPENSE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Amortization Of Deferred Charges [Abstract]

Prepaid Commission Expense

11.     PREPAID COMMISSION EXPENSE

The Company pays a commission on both NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System sales and treatment session sales. Since the commission paid for system sales is not commensurate with the commission paid for treatment sessions, the Company capitalizes commission expense associated with NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System sales commissions paid that is incremental to specifically anticipated future treatment session orders. In developing this estimate, the Company considered its historical treatment session sales and customer retention rates, as well as technology development life cycles and other industry factors. These costs are periodically reviewed for impairment.

NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System commissions are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over a seven year period equal to the average customer term, which the Company deems to be the expected period of benefit for these costs.

On the Company’s balance sheets, the current portion of capitalized contract costs is represented by the current portion of prepaid commission expense, while the long-term portion is included in prepaid commission expense. Amortization expense was $0.7 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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ACCRUED EXPENSES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Payable And Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

12.     ACCRUED EXPENSES

The following table presents the composition of accrued expenses as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Compensation and related benefits	$	4,032	$	8,003
Consulting and professional fees		614		488
Research and development expenses		285		260
Sales and marketing expenses		1,689		1,760
Warranty		239		213
Sales and other taxes payable		742		818
Interest payable		567		—
Other		877		1,053
Accrued expenses	$	9,045	$	12,595

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REVENUE AND DEFERRED REVENUE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

REVENUE AND DEFERRED REVENUE [Abstract]

Revenue and Deferred revenue

13.     REVENUE AND DEFERRED REVENUE

Payment terms typically require payment upon shipment or installation of the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System and additional payments as access codes for treatment sessions are delivered, which can span several years after the NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System is first delivered and installed. The timing of revenue recognition compared to billings and cash collections typically results in accounts receivable. However, sometimes customer advances and deposits may be required for certain customers and are recorded as contract liabilities (deferred revenue). For multi-year agreements, the Company generally invoices customers annually at the beginning of each annual coverage period and recognizes revenue over the term of the coverage period.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company expects to recognize approximately the following percentages of deferred revenue by year:

	Revenue
Year:	Recognition
Remainder of 2024	78	%
2025	19	%
2026	2	%
2027	1	%
Total	100	%

Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year was $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, and primarily represented revenue earned from separately priced extended warranties, customer deposits, milestone revenue, and clinical training.

Customers

Significant customers are those that represent more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue. For the period ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, one customer accounted for 17% and 18%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue.

Accounts receivable outstanding related to that customer was $2.4 million and $1.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Notes receivable outstanding related to that customer was $4.8 million and $5.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Geographical information

The following geographic data includes revenue generated from the Company’s third-party distributors. The Company’s revenue was generated in the following geographic regions and by product line for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Revenues by Geography
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
U.S.	$	16,793	96	%	$	14,964	96	%
International		624	4	%		576	4	%
Total revenues	$	17,417	100	%	$	15,540	100	%

	U.S. Revenues by Product Category
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System	$	3,310	20	%	$	3,850	26	%
Treatment sessions		12,988	77	%		10,643	71	%
Other		495	3	%		471	3	%
Total U.S. revenues	$	16,793	100	%	$	14,964	100	%

	International Revenues by Product Category
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System	$	258	41	%	$	259	45%	%
Treatment sessions		172	28	%		184	32%	%
Other		194	31	%		133	23%	%
Total international revenues	$	624	100	%	$	576	100%	%

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DEBT

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

14.     DEBT

The following table presents the composition of debt as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Outstanding principal	$	60,000	$	60,000
Accrued final payment fees		1,856		1,856
Less debt discounts		(2,412)		(2,573)
Total debt, net		59,444		59,283
Less current portion		—		—
Long-term debt, net	$	59,444	$	59,283

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 the Company recognized interest expense of $1.8 million, of which $1.7 million was cash and $0.1 million was non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of deferred debt issuance costs and accrual of final payment fees. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized interest expense of $1.3 million, of which $1.1 million was cash and $0.2 million was non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of deferred debt issuance costs and accrual of final payment fees.

Solar Credit Facility

On March 2, 2020 the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Solar Capital Ltd as collateral agent and other lenders as defined in the agreement (such agreement, as amended, the “Solar Facility”).

On March 7, 2024, the Company entered into a sixth amendment (the “Solar Sixth Amendment”) to the Solar Facility. Under the Solar Sixth Amendment, Solar: (a) waived the specified events with respect to the Company’s non-compliance with the required revenue under the net product revenue covenant; and (b)

amended the financial covenants by increasing the amount of the liquidity covenant and temporarily decreasing the net product revenue covenant to reflect current projections.

On September 29, 2023, the Company entered into a fifth amendment (the “Solar Fifth Amendment”) to the Solar Facility. The Solar Fifth Amendment allowed the Company to draw on the $22.5 million Term C Loan portion of the Solar Facility and revise the required testing levels of the net product revenue and minimum liquidity covenants for certain testing periods. On October 3, 2023, the Company borrowed $22.5 million under the Term C Loan portion of the Solar Facility, resulting in total borrowing of $60 million.

On March 29, 2023, the Company entered into a fourth amendment (the “Solar Fourth Amendment”) to the Loan and Security Agreement dated March 2, 2020 with SLR Investment Corp. (formerly known as Solar Capital Ltd.). The Solar Fourth Amendment increased the borrowings by $2.5 million, extended the interest only period from March 2023 to March 2026, and extended the maturity date from February 2025 to March 2028. In addition, the Solar Fourth Amendment changed the basis of the interest expense from LIBOR to SOFR.

The Solar Facility accrues interest from the date of borrowing through the date of repayment at a floating per annum rate of interest, which resets monthly and is equal to the greater of 5.65% plus (a) 3.95% or (b) daily simple SOFR for a term of one month. Only interest is required to be paid on the Solar Facility until March 1, 2026. Prior to the effectiveness of the Solar Fourth Amendment, the interest only period with respect to the Term A Loan expired on March 1, 2023. Commencing April 1, 2026, the Company will be required to make monthly payments of principal and interest on the Solar Facility.

In addition to the principal and interest payments due under the Solar Facility, the Company is required to pay a final payment fee to Solar upon the earlier of prepayment, acceleration or the maturity date of the Solar Facility equal to 4.95% of the principal amount of the term loans actually funded. If the Company prepays the Solar Facility prior to their respective scheduled maturities, the Company will also be required to pay prepayment fees to Solar equal to 3% of the principal amount of such term loan then-prepaid if prepaid on or before the first anniversary of the Term C Funding Date, 2% of the principal amount of such term loan then-prepaid if prepaid after the first anniversary and on or before the second anniversary of the Term C Funding Date, or 1% of the principal amount of such term loan then-prepaid if prepaid after the second anniversary of the Term C Funding Date.

The Company is also required to pay Solar an exit fee upon the occurrence of (a) any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, (b) any transaction that results in a person obtaining control over the Company, (c) the Company achieving $100 million in trailing twelve-month net product revenue or (d) the Company achieving $125 million in trailing twelve-month net product revenue. The exit fee for liquidation, dissolution, winding up or change of control of the Company is equal to 2% of the principal amount of the term loans actually funded. The exit fee for achieving either $100 million or $125 million in trailing twelve-month net product revenue is equal to 1% of the principal amount of the term loans actually funded or, if both net product revenue milestones are achieved, 2% of the principal amount of the term loans actually funded. The exit fee is capped at 2% of the principal amount of the term loans actually funded.

On January 31, 2024 and February 29, 2024, the Company was not in compliance with its minimum net product revenue covenant under the Solar Facility. The Company was granted a waiver from Solar in the Solar Sixth Amendment for the covenant violations. The amount of borrowings affected by this noncompliance was $60 million.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company is in compliance with all covenants in the Solar Facility and is projected to be in compliance with the covenants going forward.

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COMMON STOCK

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Common Stock

15.     COMMON STOCK

Common Stock

The following table summarizes the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock issued and reserved for issuance as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Shares of common stock issued	29,975	29,092
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance for:
Common stock warrants outstanding	21	41
Stock options outstanding	1,270	1,270
Restricted stock units outstanding	3,299	3,360
Shares available for grant under stock incentive plans	1,320	978
Shares available for sale under employee stock purchase plan	1,624	1,335
Total shares of common stock issued and reserved for issuance	37,509	36,076

Common Stock Warrants

The following table summarize the Company’s outstanding common stock warrants as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

March 31, 2024
Warrants
Outstanding
(in thousands)	Exercise Price		Expiration Date
21	$	9.73	Dec-2024
21

December 31, 2023
Warrants
Outstanding
(in thousands)	Exercise Price		Expiration Date
20	$	9.73	Mar-2024
21	$	9.73	Dec-2024
41

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LOSS PER SHARE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

LOSS PER SHARE

LOSS PER SHARE

16.     LOSS PER SHARE

The Company’s basic loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The Company’s restricted stock awards (non-vested shares) are issued and outstanding at the time of grant but are excluded from the Company’s computation of weighted average shares outstanding in the determination of basic loss per share until vesting occurs.

A net loss cannot be diluted, so when the Company is in a net loss position, basic and diluted loss per common share are the same. If the Company achieves profitability in the future, the denominator of a diluted earnings per common share calculation will include both the weighted average number of shares outstanding and the number of common stock equivalents, if the inclusion of such common stock equivalents would be dilutive. Dilutive common stock equivalents potentially include warrants, stock options, non-vested restricted stock units and non-vested performance restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) using the treasury stock method,

along with the effect, if any, from the potential conversion of outstanding securities, such as convertible preferred stock.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 have been excluded from the denominator of the diluted loss per share of common stock outstanding calculation (in thousands):

	March 31,
	2024	2023
Stock options	1,270	1,291
Non-vested PRSUs	395	395
Non-vested restricted stock units	2,904	3,253
Common stock warrants	21	61

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation

17.     SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The amount of share-based compensation expense recognized by the Company by location in its statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cost of revenues	$	34	$	37
Sales and marketing		350		642
General and administrative		777		967
Research and development		177		159
Total	$	1,338	$	1,805

2018 Equity Incentive Plan

In June 2018, the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, ( the “2018 Plan”), which authorized the issuance of up to 1.4 million shares, subject to an annual 4% increase based on the number of shares of common stock outstanding, in the form of restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and stock options to the Company’s directors, employees and consultants. The amount and terms of grants are determined by the Company’s board of directors. All stock options granted to date have had exercise prices equal to the fair value, as determined by the closing price as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market, of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. The contractual term of stock options is up to 10 years, and stock options are exercisable in cash or as otherwise determined by the board of directors. Generally, stock options vest 25% upon the first anniversary of the date of grant and the remainder ratably monthly thereafter for 36 months. Restricted stock units generally vest ratably in three equal installments on the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date. PRSUs generally vest based on appreciation of the Company’s common stock to a certain price as determined by the Company’s board of directors measured using a trailing 30-day volume-weighted average price of a share of the Company’s common stock. The fair value of the PRSU awards are determined using a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. As of March 31, 2024, there were 1.1 million shares available for future issuance under the 2018 Plan.

2020 Inducement Incentive Plan

In December 2020, the Company adopted the 2020 Inducement Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which authorized the issuance of up to 0.4 million shares, subject to increase by approval of the Company’s board of directors, in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance stock awards and other stock awards to eligible employees who satisfy the standards for inducement grants under Nasdaq Global Market rules. In March 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved an additional 0.5 million shares for the issuance under the 2020 Plan. An individual who previously served as an employee or director of the Company is not eligible to receive awards under the 2020 Plan. The amount and terms of grants are determined by the Company’s board of directors. As of March 31, 2024, there were 0.2 million shares available for future issuance under the 2020 Plan.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

				Weighted	Aggregate
	Number of	Weighted		average	average
	Shares under	average		Remaining	Intrinsic
	Option	Exercise Price		Contractual	Value
	(in thousands)	per Option		Life (in years)	(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	1,270	$	3.90
Granted	—	$	—
Exercised	—	$	—
Forfeited	—	$	—
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	1,270	$	3.90	5.8	$	2,727
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	1,187	$	4.03	5.7	$	2,495
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2024	1,270	$	3.90	5.8	$	2,727

The Company recognized share-based compensation expense related to stock options of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. As of March 31, 2024, there was $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of 0.3 years.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company did not grant stock options.

Restricted Stock Units and PRSUs

The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock unit and PRSU activity for March 31, 2024:

	Non-vested		Weighted	Non-vested		Weighted
	Restricted		average	PRSUs		average
	Stock Units		Grant-date			Grant-date
	(in thousands)		Fair Value	(in thousands)		Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2023	2,965	$	4.37	395	$	6.77
Granted	990	$	3.24	—	$	—
Vested	(883)	$	5.21	—	$	—
Forfeited	(168)	$	4.58	—	$	—
Non-vested at March 31, 2024	2,904	$	3.71	395	$	6.77

The Company recognized $1.3 million and $1.7 million in share-based compensation expense related to the restricted stock units and PRSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, there was $8.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted

stock units and PRSUs, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of 2.0 years. The total fair value at the vesting date of restricted stock units and PRSUs vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $3.1 million.

The Company did not grant PRSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure[Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

18.     COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Matters

The Company is subject from time to time to various claims and legal actions arising during the ordinary course of its business. Management believes that there are currently no claims or legal actions that would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

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SEGMENT INFORMATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segments Geographical Areas [Abstract]

Segment Information

19.     SEGMENT INFORMATION

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company currently operates in one business segment as it is managed and operated as one business. A single management team that reports to the chief operating decision maker comprehensively manages the entire business. The Company does not operate any material separate lines of business or separate business entities with respect to its products or product development.

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GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Government Assistance [Abstract]

Government Assistance

20.     GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE

Employee Retention Credit

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act provided an Employee Retention Credit (the “ERC”), which was a refundable tax credit related to certain payroll taxes. The Company applied the grant model and determined that the criteria for recognition of the ERC was met during the year ended December 31, 2023 based on the Company’s determination of eligibility and filing of the ERC claim. As of March 31, 2024, the $2.9 million ERC receivable is reported within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Company’s balance sheets.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Interim Financial Statements

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared from the books and records of the Company in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which permit reduced disclosures for interim periods. All adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the accompanying balance sheets and statements of operations and stockholders’ equity and cash flows have been made. Although these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete annual financial statements, management believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Unaudited interim results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the

results that may be expected for the full year. Unaudited interim financial statements and footnotes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024, wherein a more complete discussion of significant accounting policies and certain other information can be found.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC requires the use of estimates and assumptions, based on judgments considered reasonable, which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Although management believes its estimates and assumptions are reasonable when made, they are based upon information available at the time they are made. Management evaluates the estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and, if necessary, makes adjustments. Due to the risks and uncertainties involved in the Company’s business and evolving market conditions, and given the subjective element of the estimates and assumptions made, actual results may differ materially from estimated results.

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Carrying Amounts and Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The following tables set forth the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
					Fair Value Measurement Based on
					Quoted		Significant
					Prices In		other		Significant
					Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying				Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	$	27,855	$	27,855	$	27,855	$	—	$	—

	December 31, 2023
					Fair Value Measurement Based on
					Quoted		Significant
					Prices In		other		Significant
					Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying				Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	$	27,507	$	27,507	$	27,507	$	—	$	—

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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Composition of Accounts Receivable, Net

The following table presents the composition of accounts receivable, net, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Gross accounts receivable - trade	$	18,756	$	16,577
Less: Allowances for credit losses		(1,252)		(795)
Accounts receivable, net	$	17,504	$	15,782

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property Plant And Equipment Abstract [Abstract]

Summary of Composition of Property and Equipment, Net

The following table presents the composition of property and equipment, net, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Laboratory equipment	$	702	$	702
Office equipment		495		495
Auto		23		23
Computer equipment and software		1,105		1,082
Manufacturing equipment		551		551
Leasehold improvements		1,436		1,436
Rental equipment		542		542
Property and equipment, gross		4,854		4,831
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(3,007)		(2,822)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,847	$	2,009

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LEASES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information as Lessee Related to Leases

The following table presents the supplemental cash flow information as a lessee related to leases (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	275	$	267

Schedule of Future Payments of Operating Lease Liabilities

The following table sets forth by year the required future payments of operating lease liabilities (in thousands):

	Year ended
	March 31, 2024
Remainder of 2024	$	659
2025		898
2026		921
2027		882
2028		116
Total lease payments		3,476
Less imputed interest		(446)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	3,030

Schedule of Maturity Analysis of Undiscounted Lease Receivables Related to Sales-type Leases

The following table sets forth a maturity analysis of the undiscounted lease receivables related to sales-type leases (in thousands):

	March 31,
	2024
Remainder of 2024	$	692
2025		431
2026		118
2027		92
Total sales-type lease receivables	$	1,333

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ACCRUED EXPENSES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Payable And Accruals [Abstract]

Summary of Composition of Accrued Expenses

The following table presents the composition of accrued expenses as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Compensation and related benefits	$	4,032	$	8,003
Consulting and professional fees		614		488
Research and development expenses		285		260
Sales and marketing expenses		1,689		1,760
Warranty		239		213
Sales and other taxes payable		742		818
Interest payable		567		—
Other		877		1,053
Accrued expenses	$	9,045	$	12,595

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REVENUE AND DEFERRED REVENUE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Summary of Percentages of Deferred Revenue by Year

As of March 31, 2024, the Company expects to recognize approximately the following percentages of deferred revenue by year:

	Revenue
Year:	Recognition
Remainder of 2024	78	%
2025	19	%
2026	2	%
2027	1	%
Total	100	%

Summary of Revenue Generated in Geographic Regions for Years Indicated

	Revenues by Geography
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
U.S.	$	16,793	96	%	$	14,964	96	%
International		624	4	%		576	4	%
Total revenues	$	17,417	100	%	$	15,540	100	%

U.S.

Summary of Revenue Generated in Product Category for Years Indicated

	U.S. Revenues by Product Category
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System	$	3,310	20	%	$	3,850	26	%
Treatment sessions		12,988	77	%		10,643	71	%
Other		495	3	%		471	3	%
Total U.S. revenues	$	16,793	100	%	$	14,964	100	%

International

Summary of Revenue Generated in Product Category for Years Indicated

	International Revenues by Product Category
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023
			% of				% of
	Amount		Revenues		Amount		Revenues
	(in thousands, except percentages)
NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System	$	258	41	%	$	259	45%	%
Treatment sessions		172	28	%		184	32%	%
Other		194	31	%		133	23%	%
Total international revenues	$	624	100	%	$	576	100%	%

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DEBT (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Composition of Debt

The following table presents the composition of debt as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Outstanding principal	$	60,000	$	60,000
Accrued final payment fees		1,856		1,856
Less debt discounts		(2,412)		(2,573)
Total debt, net		59,444		59,283
Less current portion		—		—
Long-term debt, net	$	59,444	$	59,283

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COMMON STOCK (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of Common Stock Issued and Reserved for Issuance

The following table summarizes the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock issued and reserved for issuance as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Shares of common stock issued	29,975	29,092
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance for:
Common stock warrants outstanding	21	41
Stock options outstanding	1,270	1,270
Restricted stock units outstanding	3,299	3,360
Shares available for grant under stock incentive plans	1,320	978
Shares available for sale under employee stock purchase plan	1,624	1,335
Total shares of common stock issued and reserved for issuance	37,509	36,076

Summary of Outstanding Warrants

The following table summarize the Company’s outstanding common stock warrants as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

March 31, 2024
Warrants
Outstanding
(in thousands)	Exercise Price		Expiration Date
21	$	9.73	Dec-2024
21

December 31, 2023
Warrants
Outstanding
(in thousands)	Exercise Price		Expiration Date
20	$	9.73	Mar-2024
21	$	9.73	Dec-2024
41

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LOSS PER SHARE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

LOSS PER SHARE

Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Securities Outstanding Excluded from Diluted Loss Per Share Calculation

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 have been excluded from the denominator of the diluted loss per share of common stock outstanding calculation (in thousands):

	March 31,
	2024	2023
Stock options	1,270	1,291
Non-vested PRSUs	395	395
Non-vested restricted stock units	2,904	3,253
Common stock warrants	21	61

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense

The amount of share-based compensation expense recognized by the Company by location in its statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cost of revenues	$	34	$	37
Sales and marketing		350		642
General and administrative		777		967
Research and development		177		159
Total	$	1,338	$	1,805

Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

				Weighted	Aggregate
	Number of	Weighted		average	average
	Shares under	average		Remaining	Intrinsic
	Option	Exercise Price		Contractual	Value
	(in thousands)	per Option		Life (in years)	(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	1,270	$	3.90
Granted	—	$	—
Exercised	—	$	—
Forfeited	—	$	—
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	1,270	$	3.90	5.8	$	2,727
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	1,187	$	4.03	5.7	$	2,495
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2024	1,270	$	3.90	5.8	$	2,727

Summary of Restricted Stock Units and Performance Restricted Stock Units Activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock unit and PRSU activity for March 31, 2024:

	Non-vested		Weighted	Non-vested		Weighted
	Restricted		average	PRSUs		average
	Stock Units		Grant-date			Grant-date
	(in thousands)		Fair Value	(in thousands)		Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2023	2,965	$	4.37	395	$	6.77
Granted	990	$	3.24	—	$	—
Vested	(883)	$	5.21	—	$	—
Forfeited	(168)	$	4.58	—	$	—
Non-vested at March 31, 2024	2,904	$	3.71	395	$	6.77

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DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 47,730		$ 59,677
Accumulated deficit	383,954		376,081
Cash flows from operating activities	12,015	$ 15,213	$ 32,000
$60.0 Million Credit Facility | Oxford Finance LLC
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS [Line Items]
Borrowings outstanding under credit facility	$ 60,000
Credit facility maturity date	Mar. 31, 2028

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - Schedule of Carrying Amounts and Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets
Investment, Type [Extensible Enumeration]	us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember	us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember
Carrying Amount
Assets
Total assets	$ 27,855	$ 27,507
Fair Value
Assets
Total assets	27,855	27,507
Quoted Prices In Active Markets (Level 1)
Assets
Total assets	$ 27,855	$ 27,507

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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE - Composition of Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Gross accounts receivable - trade	$ 18,756	$ 16,577
Less: Allowances for credit losses	(1,252)	(795)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 17,504	$ 15,782

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE - Summary of Composition of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 4,854	$ 4,831
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(3,007)	(2,822)
Property and equipment, net	1,847	2,009
Laboratory Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	702	702
Office Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	495	495
Auto
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	23	23
Computer Equipment and Software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,105	1,082
Manufacturing Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	551	551
Leasehold Improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,436	1,436
Rental Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	542	542
Property and equipment, net	$ 300	$ 300

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Property Plant And Equipment Abstract [Abstract]
Capitalized software cost, net	$ 4.4		$ 4.2
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 0.6	$ 0.5

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NOTES RECEIVABLE - Additional Information (Details) - Secured Promissory Note $ in Millions		3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) D	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
If Maker's Common Shares Are Not Traded On Any Stock Markets
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Discount rate	20.00%
Greenbrook TMS Inc
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Principal amount of notes receivable	$ 6.0
Term of notes receivable	4 years
Notes receivable outstanding		$ 4.8	$ 5.2
Percentage of unpaid amount	200.00%
Greenbrook TMS Inc | If Maker's Common Shares Are Traded On Nasdaq Stock Market
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Discount rate	20.00%
Number of day volume-weighted average closing price | D	30
Greenbrook TMS Inc | If Maker's Common Shares Are Traded On Stock Markets Other Than Nasdaq
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Discount rate	20.00%
Number of day volume-weighted average closing price | D	30
Greenbrook TMS Inc | Secured Overnight Financing Rate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.65%
Success TMS | Other income, net
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Interest income recognized		$ 0.2	$ 0.0

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LEASES- Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) ft²	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Line Items]
Lessee, finance lease, lease not yet commenced, description	The Company does not currently have any finance leases or executed leases that have not yet commenced.
Operating lease, rent expense, net	$ 200	$ 200
Operating lease, weighted-average remaining lease term	3 years 9 months 18 days
Operating lease, weighted-average discount rate	7.20%
Carrying amount of lease receivables	$ 1,300
Unguaranteed residual assets	0
Operating lease income	$ 20	$ 40
Operating Lease, Lease Income, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Revenue From Contract With Customer Excluding Assessed Tax	Revenue From Contract With Customer Excluding Assessed Tax
Property and equipment, net	$ 1,847		$ 2,009
NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems | Minimum
Leases [Line Items]
Lessor sales-type lease, Term	3 years
NeuroStar Advanced Therapy Systems | Maximum
Leases [Line Items]
Lessor sales-type lease, Term	4 years
Headquarters and Office Equipment, Including Copiers
Leases [Line Items]
Area of lease facility | ft²	32,000
Rental Equipment
Leases [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	$ 300		$ 300
Rental equipment depreciation expense	$ 20	$ 20
Charlotte, North Carolina
Leases [Line Items]
Area of lease facility | ft²	9,600

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LEASES - Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information as Lessee Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 275	$ 267

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LEASES - Schedule of Future Payments of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Operating Lease Liabilities [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 659
2025	898
2026	921
2027	882
2028	116
Total lease payments	3,476
Less imputed interest	(446)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$ 3,030

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LEASES - Schedule of Maturity Analysis of Undiscounted Lease Receivables Related to Sales-type Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Sales Type And Direct Financing Leases Lease Receivable Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 692
2025	431
2026	118
2027	92
Total sales-type lease receivables	$ 1,333

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PREPAID COMMISSION EXPENSE - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Amortization Of Deferred Charges [Abstract]
Amortization period of deferred commissions	7 years
Amortization expense	$ 0.7	$ 0.5

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ACCRUED EXPENSES - Summary of Composition of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payable And Accruals [Abstract]
Compensation and related benefits	$ 4,032	$ 8,003
Consulting and professional fees	614	488
Research and development expenses	285	260
Sales and marketing expenses	1,689	1,760
Warranty	239	213
Sales and other taxes payable	742	818
Interest payable	567
Other	877	1,053
Accrued expenses	$ 9,045	$ 12,595

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REVENUE AND DEFERRED REVENUE - Summary of Percentages of Deferred Revenue by Year (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	100.00%
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction Start Date [Axis]: 2024-04-01
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	78.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	9 months
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	19.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	2.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction Start Date [Axis]: 2027-01-01
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Expected Timing Of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	1.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year

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REVENUE AND DEFERRED REVENUE - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) customer	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) customer	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	$ 600	$ 900
Number of customer accounted for more than 10% of revenues | customer	1	1
Accounts receivable	$ 17,504		$ 15,782
Customer 1
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Notes receivable	4,800		5,200
Credit concentration risk | Customer 1
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	$ 2,400		$ 1,900
Revenue | Customer concentration risk | Customer 1
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenues	17.00%	18.00%

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REVENUE AND DEFERRED REVENUE - Summary of Revenue Generated in Geographic Regions for Years Indicated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 17,417	$ 15,540
Revenue | Geographic Concentration
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 17,417	$ 15,540
Percentage of Revenues	100.00%	100.00%
Revenue | U.S. | Geographic Concentration
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 16,793	$ 14,964
Percentage of Revenues	96.00%	96.00%
Revenue | International | Geographic Concentration
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 624	$ 576
Percentage of Revenues	4.00%	4.00%

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REVENUE AND DEFERRED REVENUE - Summary of Revenue Generated in Product Category for Years Indicated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 17,417	$ 15,540
Product Category | U.S. | Revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 16,793	$ 14,964
Percentage of Revenues	100.00%	100.00%
Product Category | U.S. | Revenue | NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 3,310	$ 3,850
Percentage of Revenues	20.00%	26.00%
Product Category | U.S. | Revenue | Treatment Sessions
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 12,988	$ 10,643
Percentage of Revenues	77.00%	71.00%
Product Category | U.S. | Revenue | Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 495	$ 471
Percentage of Revenues	3.00%	3.00%
Product Category | International | Revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 624	$ 576
Percentage of Revenues	100.00%	100.00%
Product Category | International | Revenue | NeuroStar Advanced Therapy System
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 258	$ 259
Percentage of Revenues	41.00%	45.00%
Product Category | International | Revenue | Treatment Sessions
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 172	$ 184
Percentage of Revenues	28.00%	32.00%
Product Category | International | Revenue | Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 194	$ 133
Percentage of Revenues	31.00%	23.00%

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DEBT - Summary of Composition of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Feb. 29, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Outstanding principal	$ 60,000	$ 60,000	$ 60,000	$ 60,000
Accrued final payment fees	1,856			1,856
Less debt discounts	(2,412)			(2,573)
Total debt, net	59,444			59,283
Long-term debt, net	$ 59,444			$ 59,283

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DEBT - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 29, 2023	Feb. 29, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Oct. 03, 2023	Sep. 29, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense				$ 1,800	$ 1,300
Cash interest expense				1,700	1,100
Non-cash interest expense				100	$ 200
Total borrowing amount		$ 60,000	$ 60,000	$ 60,000		$ 60,000
Debt Instrument, Covenant Compliance		On January 31, 2024 and February 29, 2024, the Company was not in compliance with its minimum net product revenue covenant under the Solar Facility. The Company was granted a waiver from Solar in the Solar Sixth Amendment for the covenant violations. The amount of borrowings affected by this noncompliance was $60 million.	On January 31, 2024 and February 29, 2024, the Company was not in compliance with its minimum net product revenue covenant under the Solar Facility. The Company was granted a waiver from Solar in the Solar Sixth Amendment for the covenant violations. The amount of borrowings affected by this noncompliance was $60 million.
Solar Capital Ltd
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fees percentage	2.00%
Trailing twelve month net product revenue first threshold limit to pay exit fee	$ 100,000
Trailing twelve month net product revenue Second threshold limit to pay exit fee	$ 125,000
Percentage of exit fee for liquidation, dissolution, winding up or change of control of the Company	4.95%
Percentage of exit fee upon achievement of any trailing twelve month revenues	1.00%
Percentage of exit fee upon achievement of both trailing twelve month revenues	2.00%
Capped exit fee percentage on term loan principal amount	2.00%
Solar Capital Ltd | Prepaid on or Before First Anniversary of Funding
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fees percentage	3.00%
Solar Capital Ltd | Prepaid After First and on or Before Second Anniversary of Funding
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fees percentage	2.00%
Solar Capital Ltd | Prepaid After Second Anniversary of Funding
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fees percentage	1.00%
Solar Capital Ltd | Term A Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate during the period	3.95%
Solar Capital Ltd | Term A Loan | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate during the period	5.65%
Solar Capital Ltd | Term C Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total borrowing amount							$ 60,000
Solar Capital Ltd | $22.5 Million Credit Facility | Term B Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowings outstanding under credit facility	$ 2,500
Solar Capital Ltd | $22.5 Million Credit Facility | Term C Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity								$ 22,500
Borrowings outstanding under credit facility							$ 22,500

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COMMON STOCK - Summary of Common Stock Issued and Reserved for Issuance (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Stockholders Deficit [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued	29,975	29,092
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance for:
Total shares of common stock issued and reserved for issuance	37,509	36,076
Common stock warrants
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance for:
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance	21	41
Stock Options Outstanding
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance for:
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance	1,270	1,270
Restricted stock units outstanding
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance for:
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance	3,299	3,360
Shares available for grant under stock incentive plans
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance for:
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance	1,320	978
Shares available for sale under employee stock purchase plan
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance for:
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance	1,624	1,335

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COMMON STOCK - Summary of Outstanding Common Stock Warrants (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding	21	41
Exercise Price $9.73
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding		20
Exercise Price		$ 9.73
Expiration Date		2024-03
Exercise Price. $9.73
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding	21	21
Exercise Price	$ 9.73	$ 9.73
Expiration Date	2024-12	2024-12

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LOSS PER SHARE - Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Securities Outstanding Excluded from Diluted Loss Per Share Calculation (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities outstanding excluded from diluted loss per share	1,270	1,291
Non-vested PRSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities outstanding excluded from diluted loss per share	395	395
Non-vested restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities outstanding excluded from diluted loss per share	2,904	3,253
Common stock warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities outstanding excluded from diluted loss per share	21	61

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total	$ 1,338	$ 1,805
Cost of Revenues
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total	34	37
Sales and Marketing
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total	350	642
General and Administrative
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total	777	967
Research and Development
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total	$ 177	$ 159

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 shares	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) installment shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 shares
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expenses		$ 1,338	$ 1,805
Stock options
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expenses		100	100
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options		$ 100
Non-vested awards not yet recognized weighted-average period for recognition		3 months 18 days
Restricted Stock Units and PRSUs
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expenses		$ 1,300	$ 1,700
Non-vested awards not yet recognized weighted-average period for recognition		2 years
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock		$ 8,900
Fair value of restricted stock vested		$ 3,100
2018 Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual percentage increase in number of shares authorized for issuance		4.00%
Vesting terms of stock options		stock options vest 25% upon the first anniversary of the date of grant and the remainder ratably monthly thereafter for 36 months. Restricted stock units generally vest ratably in three equal installments on the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date.
Number of vesting installments | installment		3
Shares available for future issuance | shares		1.1
2018 Plan | PRSUs | Common Stock
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average price, number of days trailing		30 days
2018 Plan | First Anniversary of Date of Grant
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage of stock options		25.00%
2018 Plan | Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized for issuance | shares		1.4
Maximum contractual term of stock options		10 years
2020 Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of additional shares authorized for issuance | shares	0.5
Shares available for future issuance | shares		0.2
2020 Plan | Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized for issuance | shares				0.4

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details) - Stock options $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Shares under Option, Outstanding, Beginning balance | shares	1,270
Number of Shares under Option, Outstanding, Ending balance | shares	1,270
Number of Shares under Option, Exercisable | shares	1,187
Number of Shares under Option, Vested and expected to vest | shares	1,270
Weighted-average Exercise Price per Option, Outstanding, Beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 3.90
Weighted-average Exercise Price per Option, Outstanding, Ending balance | $ / shares	3.90
Weighted-average Exercise Price per Option, Exercisable | $ / shares	4.03
Weighted-average Exercise Price per Option, Vested and expected to vest | $ / shares	$ 3.90
Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Life, Outstanding	5 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Life, Exercisable	5 years 8 months 12 days
Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Life, Vested and expected to vest	5 years 9 months 18 days
Aggregate average Intrinsic Value, Outstanding | $	$ 2,727
Aggregate average Intrinsic Value, Exercisable | $	2,495
Aggregate average Intrinsic Value, Vested and expected to vest | $	$ 2,727

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Summary of Restricted Stock Units and PRSUs Activity (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Restricted stock units
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-vested, Beginning balance	2,965,000
Granted	990,000
Vested	(883,000)
Forfeited	(168,000)
Non-vested, Ending balance	2,904,000
Weighted-average Grant-date Fair Value, Non-vested, Beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 4.37
Weighted-average Grant-date Fair Value, Granted | $ / shares	3.24
Weighted-average Grant-date Fair Value, Vested | $ / shares	5.21
Weighted-average Grant-date Fair Value, Forfeited | $ / shares	4.58
Weighted-average Grant-date Fair Value, Non-vested, Ending balance | $ / shares	$ 3.71
PRSUs
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-vested, Beginning balance	395,000
Granted	0
Non-vested, Ending balance	395,000
Weighted-average Grant-date Fair Value, Non-vested, Beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 6.77
Weighted-average Grant-date Fair Value, Non-vested, Ending balance | $ / shares	$ 6.77

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SEGMENT INFORMATION - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 segment
Segments Geographical Areas [Abstract]
Number of operating business segment	1

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GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Employee Retention Credit
Government Assistance [Line Items]
Government assistance amount recognized in income statement	$ 2.9