10-Q

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from             to            

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-35558

CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

(Exact Name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	27-2004382
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
11055 Flintkote Avenue, San Diego, California	92121
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)
(858) 952-7570
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class:	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock	CRDF	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐  Non-accelerated filer ☒
Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐   No ☒

As of August 6, 2020, the issuer had 23,227,893 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Condensed Balance Sheets	3
	Condensed Statements of Operations	4
	Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	5
	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Notes to Condensed Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	29
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29
PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	31
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	31
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	31
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	31
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	31
Item 5.	Other Information	31
Item 6:	Exhibits	32
SIGNATURES

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC. 

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	27,754,813	$	10,195,292
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	109,334		203,480
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	954,986		954,957
Total current assets	28,819,133		11,353,729
Property and equipment, net	655,367		877,823
Operating lease right-of-use assets	501,894		697,418
Other assets	152,585		157,576
Total Assets	$	30,128,979	$	13,086,546
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,155,531	$	656,304
Accrued expenses	2,858,161		3,260,061
Note payable	70,730		—
Operating lease liabilities	877,607		865,379
Total current liabilities	4,962,029		4,781,744
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	46,164		4,127
Note payable, net of current portion	234,270		—
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	429,776		860,963
Other liabilities	72,701		128,368
Total Liabilities	5,744,940		5,775,202
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, 20,000,000 shares authorized; (Note 7)	926		60
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 21,325,076 and 8,593,633 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	9,585		8,312
Additional paid-in capital	247,528,273		217,172,528
Service receivables	(2,765,164)		(971,673)
Accumulated deficit	(220,389,581)		(208,897,883)
Total stockholders’ equity	24,384,039		7,311,344
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	30,128,979	$	13,086,546

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.

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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Royalties	$	42,633	$	36,852	$	110,337	$	98,873
Services	—		1,496		—		1,496
Total revenues	42,633		38,348		110,337		100,369
Costs and expenses:
Research and development	2,475,722		2,830,340		5,181,413		5,478,939
Selling, general and administrative	1,669,227		1,427,967		3,155,246		2,803,152
Total operating expenses	4,144,949		4,258,307		8,336,659		8,282,091
Loss from operations	(4,102,316)		(4,219,959)		(8,226,322)		(8,181,722)
Interest income	15,671		69,761		51,494		134,504
Gain (loss) from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants	(44,144)		23,789		(42,037)		14,028
Other income (expense), net	6,257		1,106		3,771		3,116
Net loss	(4,124,532)		(4,125,303)		(8,213,094)		(8,030,074)
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(6,060)		(6,060)		(12,120)		(12,120)
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	—		—		—		(268,269)
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	(601,767)		—		(601,767)		—
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	(2,664,717)		—		(2,664,717)		—
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(7,397,076)	$	(4,131,363)	$	(11,491,698)	$	(8,310,463)
Net loss per common share — basic and diluted	$	(0.51)	$	(0.76)	$	(0.94)	$	(1.75)
Weighted-average shares outstanding — basic and diluted	14,492,159		5,408,124		12,201,232		4,750,993

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.

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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock Shares	Preferred Stock Amount		Common Stock Shares	Common Stock Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Service Receivable		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2020	60,600	$	60	8,593,633	$	8,312	$	217,172,528	$	(971,673)	$	(208,897,883)	$	7,311,344
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—			177,309		—		—		177,309
Sale of common stock and warrants	—	—		800,000	80		999,921		—		—		1,000,001
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	—	—		1,610,144	161		1,456,208		—		—		1,456,369
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		6,810	1		(1)		—		—		—
Preferred stock dividend	—	—		—	—		—		—		(6,060)		(6,060)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	—	—		—	—		—		293,017		—		293,017
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(4,088,562)		(4,088,562)
Balance, March 31, 2020	60,600	$	60	11,010,587	$	8,554	$	219,805,965	$	(678,656)	$	(212,992,505)	$	6,143,418
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		281,776		—		—		281,776
Issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment	154,670	15		602,833	60		2,292,425		(2,300,000)		—		(7,500)
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	—	—		—	—		601,767		—		(601,767)		—
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	—	—		—	—		2,664,717		—		(2,664,717)		—
Sale of common stock, preferred stock and warrants(1)	865,824	866		4,689,313	469		17,277,093		—		—		17,278,428
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	—	—		3,473,393	347		4,604,670		—		—		4,605,017
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		2,250	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	(154,670)	(15)		1,546,700	155		(140)		—		—		—
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	—	—		—	—		—		—		(6,060)		(6,060)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	—	—		—	—		—		213,492		—		213,492
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(4,124,532)		(4,124,532)
Balance, June 30, 2020	926,424	$	926	21,325,076	$	9,585	$	247,528,273	$	(2,765,164)	$	(220,389,581)	$	24,384,039

(1)Net of expenses of $616,143, and fair value of warrants issued as a transaction advisory fee as of the date of issuance of $370,666.

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	Preferred Stock Shares	Preferred Stock Amount		Common Stock Shares	Common Stock Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Service Receivable		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2019	60,600	$	60	3,831,879	$	7,742	$	202,267,605	$	—	$	(192,191,215)	$	10,084,192
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		200,067		—		—		200,067
Issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment, net of expenses and discount of $40,000 and $235,640, respectively	200,000	200		183,334	110		1,634,690		(1,675,000)		—		(40,000)
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	—	—		—	—		268,269		—		(268,269)		—
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	—	—		497,313	50		3,282,216		—		—		3,282,266
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		6,362	4		(4)		—		—		—
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	—	—		—	—		—		—		(6,060)		(6,060)
Issuance of common stock for share rounding as a result of reverse stock split	—	—		6,466	—		—		—		—		—
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	—	—		—	—		—		70,487		—		70,487
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(3,904,771)		(3,904,771)
Balance, March 31, 2019	260,600	$	260	4,525,354	$	7,906	$	207,652,843	$	(1,604,513)	$	(196,370,315)	$	9,686,181
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		148,834		—		—		148,834
Sale of common stock and warrants, net of expenses	—	—		421,917	42		2,902,698		—		—		2,902,740
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	—	—		156,353	16		1,548		—		—		1,564
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		4,433	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	(200,000)	(200)		333,333	33		167		—		—		—
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	—	—		—	—		—		—		(6,060)		(6,060)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	—	—		—	—		—		240,279		—		240,279
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—				(4,125,303)		(4,125,303)
Balance, June 30, 2019	60,600	$	60	5,441,390	$	7,997	$	210,706,090	$	(1,364,234)	$	(200,501,678)	$	8,848,235

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.

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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC. 

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(8,213,094)	$	(8,030,074)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Impairment loss	34,169		—
Depreciation	233,909		248,958
Stock-based compensation expense	459,085		348,901
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants	42,037		(14,028)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	506,509		310,766
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets	4,991		(32,464)
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	94,146		45,474
Prepaid expenses	(29)		163,950
Operating lease right-of-use assets	161,355		147,974
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(514,239)		387,046
Operating lease liabilities	(418,959)		(379,662)
Other liabilities	(55,667)		—
Net cash used in operating activities	(7,665,787)		(6,803,159)
Investing activities:
Capital expenditures	—		(5,274)
Net cash used in investing activities	—		(5,274)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from sales of common stock, preferred stock and warrants, net of expenses of $92,648 and $97,260, respectively	18,801,924		2,902,740
Costs related to the clinical trial funding commitment	(7,500)		(40,000)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants, net of expenses of $393,285 and $0, respectively	6,125,884		3,283,830
Borrowings under long-term debt	305,000		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	25,225,308		6,146,570
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	17,559,521		(661,863)
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period	10,195,292		11,453,133
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period	$	27,754,813	$	10,791,270
Supplementary disclosure of cash flow activity:
Cash paid for taxes	$	800	$	800
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	11,453	$	—
Expenses from sales of common stock, preferred stock and warrants included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	523,495	$	—
Expenses from exercise of warrants included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	64,498	$	—
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	$	12,120	$	12,120
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	$	—	$	268,269

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	$	601,767	$	—
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	$	2,664,717	$	—
Common stock, Series C Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants issued in connection with clinical trial funding commitment, net of discount of $235,640	$	—	$	1,675,000
Common stock, Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants issued in connection with clinical trial funding commitment, net of discount of $488,270	$	2,300,000	$	—
Common stock issued upon conversion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	$	—	$	33
Common stock issued upon conversion of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	$	155	$	—

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.

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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC. 

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Business Organization and Overview

Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (“Cardiff Oncology” or the “Company”) headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage biotechnology company with the singular mission of developing new treatment options for cancer patients in indications with the greatest medical need, including KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer, Zytiga®-resistant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Our goal is to overcome resistance, improve response to treatment and increase overall survival and the integration of predictive clinical biomarkers to assess patient response to treatment.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements of Cardiff Oncology have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) related to a quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited interim condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The unaudited condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The operating results presented in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2020.

Liquidity

The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and has negative operating cash flows. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $27.8 million in cash and cash equivalents and believes it has sufficient cash to meet its funding requirements for at least the next 12 months following the issuance date of these financial statements.

For the foreseeable future, the Company expects to continue to incur losses and require additional capital to further advance its clinical trial programs and support its other operations. The Company cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience additional dilution. The economic effects of COVID-19 could also have an adverse effect on the Company's ability to raise additional capital. See Note 10 to the condensed financial statements for further information.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, except as described below.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in net loss attributable to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Shares used in calculating diluted net loss per common share exclude as anti-dilutive the following share equivalents:

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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(7,397,076)	$	(4,131,363)	$	(11,491,698)	$	(8,310,463)
Net loss used for basic and diluted loss per share	$	(7,397,076)	$	(4,131,363)	$	(11,491,698)	$	(8,310,463)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share	14,492,159		5,408,124		12,201,232		4,750,993
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.51)	$	(0.76)	$	(0.94)	$	(1.75)

The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:

	June 30,
	2020	2019
Options to purchase Common Stock	1,924,039	1,033,274
Warrants to purchase Common Stock	12,329,435	4,404,185
Restricted Stock Units	2,241	14,187
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	877	877
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	3,548,459	—
	17,805,051	5,452,523

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13 ("ASU 2018-13"), Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. The standard is effective for all entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has prospectively adopted ASU 2018-13 as of January 1, 2020 for periods presented after adoption. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

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3. Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2020
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	27,706,506	$	—	$	—	$	27,706,506
Total Assets	$	27,706,506	$	—	$	—	$	27,706,506
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (2)	$	—	$	—	$	46,164	$	46,164
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	46,164	$	46,164

	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	10,131,240	$	—	$	—	$	10,131,240
Total Assets	$	10,131,240	$	—	$	—	$	10,131,240
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (2)	$	—	$	—	$	4,127	$	4,127
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	4,127	$	4,127

(1) Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying condensed balance sheets.

(2) A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments that trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3. See Note 6 to the condensed financial statements for further information.

4. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:

	As of June 30, 2020		As of December 31, 2019
Furniture and office equipment	$	775,030	$	775,030
Leasehold improvements	1,962,230		1,962,230
Laboratory equipment	756,310		744,856
	3,493,570		3,482,116
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,838,203)		(2,604,293)
Property and equipment, net	$	655,367	$	877,823

5. Leases

 As a lessee, the Company’s current leases include its master facility lease and immaterial equipment leases, all of which are considered operating leases.

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The Company (as a sublessor) also subleases portions of its facility to third parties under two separate subleases. All of these subleases have been determined to be operating leases and are accounted for separately from the head lease.

Master Facility Lease

The Company leases a building in San Diego under an operating lease that expires on December 31, 2021. The lease currently requires fixed monthly rent payments of approximately $78,000, with 3% annual escalation. The lease also contains one five-year renewal option with minimum monthly rent equal to the then-current fair market value, subject to a 3% annual increase. As the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise this option, it has not been included in the calculation of the lease liability or right-of-use asset related to this lease.

Facility Subleases

As a result of corporate restructurings in previous years, the Company vacated a portion of its facility and has subleased the space to third parties under two separate sublease agreements, which both expire December 31, 2021. An additional sublease expired on October 31, 2019 and was not renewed. The Company recorded a cease-use loss liability and expense in 2018 pursuant to ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, representing the total expected shortfall in sublease income for two of the subleases as compared to its required payments for those spaces under the remainder of the master lease term. This liability was being amortized over the remaining lease term until the adoption of ASC 842, whereupon the remaining cease-use loss liability of approximately $487,000 was eliminated and treated as a reduction to the beginning ROU asset value for the master lease as of January 1, 2019. Income will continue to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease.

Impairment of Right-of-Use Assets

The Company recorded an impairment loss of $34,169 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The loss related to a vacated portion of the facility that is no longer being subleased. The Company determined that the prolonged loss of sublease income and an adverse commercial real estate market caused by COVID-19 were indicators of impairment. A fair value approach using quoted prices for similar assets was used to determine the impairment loss. The loss was recorded within operating expenses in the condensed statement of operations.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	139,283	$	112,115	$	246,028	$	225,708
Operating sublease income	(72,793)		(99,937)		(145,587)		(199,874)
Net operating lease cost	$	66,490	$	12,178	$	100,441	$	25,834

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

	As of June 30, 2020			As of December 31, 2019
Operating lease ROU assets	$	501,894		$	697,418
Current operating lease liabilities	$	877,607		$	865,379
Non-current operating lease liabilities	429,776			860,963
Total operating lease liabilities	$	1,307,383		$	1,726,342
Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases	1.5 years			2.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases	6.5		%	6.5		%

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Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	236,385	$	229,574	$	469,463	$	455,938

Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases		Sublease Income		Net Operating Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	$	395,916	$	(145,587)	$	250,329
2021	968,165		(291,173)		676,992
2022	5,868		—		5,868
2023	3,423		—		3,423
Total future minimum lease payments	1,373,372		$	(436,760)	$	936,612
Less imputed interest	(65,989)
Total	$	1,307,383

6. Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC Topic 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”) or ASC Topic 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480-10”), Cardiff Oncology determined that certain warrants issued in connection with the execution of certain equity financings must be recorded as derivative liabilities. In accordance with ASC 815-40 and ASC 480-10, the warrants are also being re-measured at each balance sheet date based on estimated fair value, and any resultant change in fair value is being recorded in the Company’s condensed statements of operations. The Company estimates the fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The range of assumptions and weighted averages used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated were:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Range:
Estimated fair value of Cardiff Oncology common stock	$1.01 - $5.01		$2.50 - $3.75
Expected warrant term	2.6 - 3.1 years		3.6 - 4.1 years
Risk-free interest rate	0.17 - 1.62%		1.72 - 2.49%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	111 - 118%		102 - 106%
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%
	As of June 30, 2020
Weighted Average(1)(2):
Fair value of Cardiff Oncology common stock	$5.01
Expected warrant term	2.6 years
Risk-free interest rate	0.17	%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	118	%
Dividend yield	0	%

(1) Weighted average is only disclosed for periods after January 1, 2020 under the adoption of ASU 2018-13.

(2) The weighted average was calculated using the relative fair value method.

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Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of Cardiff Oncology’s common stock. The warrants have a transferability provision and based on guidance provided in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107, Share-Based Payment (“SAB No. 107”), for instruments issued with such a provision, Cardiff Oncology used the remaining contractual term as the expected term of the warrants. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security rates consistent with the expected remaining term of the warrants at each balance sheet date.

The following table sets forth the components of changes in the Company’s derivative financial instruments—warrants liability balance, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing method, for the periods indicated.

Date	Description	Number of Warrants	Derivative Instrument Liability
December 31, 2019	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	64,496	$	4,127
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the period recognized as a loss in the condensed statements of operations	—	42,037
June 30, 2020	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	64,496	$	46,164

7. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Options

Stock-based compensation expense related to Cardiff Oncology equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Included in research and development expense	$	70,085	$	86,058	$	146,953	$	196,138
Included in selling, general and administrative expense	211,691		62,776		312,132		152,763
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	281,776	$	148,834	$	459,085	$	348,901

The unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding at June 30, 2020 and 2019, net of estimated forfeitures, was $2,732,126 and $1,735,973, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.4 and 2.5 years, respectively. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of outstanding options as of June 30, 2020 was approximately 9.4 years. The total fair value of stock options vested during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $764,724 and $279,760, respectively.

The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions during the following periods indicated:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Risk-free interest rate	0.44	%	1.8	%
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	105	%	95	%
Expected term	5.9 years		5.9 years

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A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:

	Total Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2019	1,015,418	$	12.77	$	—
Granted	969,965	$	2.53
Canceled / Forfeited	(46,069)	$	12.58
Expired	(15,275)	$	8.98
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2020	1,924,039	$	7.64	$	4,675,733
Exercisable at June 30, 2020	441,316	$	24.82	$	973,456

On June 6, 2019, the number of authorized shares in the Cardiff Oncology 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“2014 EIP”) was increased from 243,056 to 1,243,056. On April 16, 2020 the 2014 EIP was amended to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance thereunder to 2,243,056 from 1,243,056. As of June 30, 2020, there were 258,497 shares available for issuance under the 2014 EIP.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the RSU activity is presented below:

	Total Restricted Stock Units	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Non-vested RSUs outstanding, December 31, 2019	11,301	$	15.38	$	14,013
Vested	(9,060)	$	10.89	$	13,763
Non-vested RSUs outstanding, June 30, 2020	2,241	$	33.49	$	11,227

The total fair value of vested RSUs during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $98,703 and $147,516, respectively.

Warrants

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below:

	Total Warrants	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2019	10,589,482	$	4.08	3.7 years
Granted	5,831,451	$	1.70
Exercised	(4,091,498)	$	1.59
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2020	12,329,435	$	3.78	4.5 years

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Preferred Stock

A summary of our Company's classes of preferred stock is presented below:

						Shares outstanding
Class	Par value		Shares designated	Liquidation preference		As of June 30, 2020	As of December 31, 2019
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	277,100	$	606,000	60,600	60,600
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	8,860	None		—	—
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	200,000	None		—	—
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.0001	154,670	None		—	—
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	865,824	None		865,824	—

Series C Convertible Preferred Stock and Service Receivable

On January 25, 2019, the Company entered into a Master Services Agreement and a Stock and Warrant Subscription Agreement with PoC Capital, LLC (“PoC”), whereby PoC agreed to finance $1.675 million for the development costs associated with Phase 1b/2 study of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and Avastin^® in patients with metastatic Colorectal Cancer (“mCRC”) harboring KRAS mutation in exchange for (i)183,334 shares of common stock, (ii) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 150,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $3.762 per share, expiring on January 25, 2024, and (iii) 200,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, each share of which was convertible into 1.67 shares of common stock. In April of 2019, all 200,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 333,333 shares of the Company's common stock. As of June 30, 2020, there were no shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding.

The Company evaluated the awards issued under this transaction and determined they should be classified as equity. These equity awards were fully vested and non-forfeitable. Since the equity awards were for clinical trial services yet to be provided, the Company recognized $1.675 million service receivables as contra equity. The Company releases the service receivables as clinical trial services are performed. The conversion feature of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock at the time of issuance was determined to be beneficial on the commitment date. Because the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock was perpetual with no stated maturity date, and the conversions could occur any time from inception, the Company immediately recorded a non-cash deemed dividend of $0.3 million related to the beneficial conversion feature arising from the issuance of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock. This non-cash deemed dividend increased the Company’s net loss attributable to common stockholders and net loss per share.

Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and Service Receivable

On May 8, 2020, the Company entered into a Stock and Warrant Subscription Agreement with PoC, whereby PoC agreed to finance an additional $2.3 million for a clinical trial in exchange for (i) 602,833 shares of its common stock (the “Common Stock”), (ii) 154,670 shares of its Series D Preferred Stock (as defined below) and (iii) a warrant (the “Warrant”) exercisable for 859,813 shares of its Common Stock. In exchange for PoC funding clinical development of onvansertib, the Company’s first-in-class, 3rd generation oral and highly selective PLK1 inhibitor in a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer pursuant to a Master Services Agreement dated as of January 25, 2019 by and among the Company, Integrium, LLC and PoC, as amended. The Series N Warrants will be exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $1.50 per share and will expire on November 7, 2025. In June of 2020, all 154,670 Series D Preferred Stock were converted to 1,546,700 shares of Common Stock. As of June 30, 2020, there were no shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding.

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The Company evaluated the awards issued under this transaction and determined they should be classified as equity. These equity awards were fully vested and non-forfeitable. Since the equity awards were for clinical trial services yet to be provided, the Company recognized $2.3 million service receivables as contra equity. The Company releases the service receivables as clinical trial services are performed. The conversion feature of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock at the time of issuance was determined to be beneficial on the commitment date. Because the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock was perpetual with no stated maturity date, and the conversions could occur any time from inception, the Company immediately recorded a non-cash deemed dividend of $0.6 million related to the beneficial conversion feature arising from the issuance of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock. This non-cash deemed dividend increased the Company’s net loss attributable to common stockholders and net loss per share.

Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and Service Receivable

On June 15, 2020 the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Acorn Bioventures LP ("Acorn"), CDK Associates, L.L.C. (“CDK”) and Third Street Holdings LLC (“Third Street”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer, issue and sell to Acorn, CDK and Third Street, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 1,984,328 shares of common stock and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, (a) an aggregate of 865,824 shares of Series E Preferred Stock (“Series E Preferred Stock”) and (b) Series N warrants to purchase up to 2,213,115 shares of Common Stock. The Series E Preferred Stock is convertible at any time determined by dividing the $10 stated value per share of the Series E Preferred Stock by a conversion price of $2.44 per share, subject to adjustment in accordance with the Certificate of Designation. The Series N Warrants will be exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $2.39 per share and will expire on December 16, 2025. As of June 30, 2020, there were 865,824 shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding.

The conversion feature of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock at the time of issuance was determined to be beneficial on the commitment date. Because the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock was perpetual with no stated maturity date, and the conversions could occur any time from inception, the Company immediately recorded a non-cash deemed dividend of $2.7 million related to the beneficial conversion feature arising from the issuance of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock. This non-cash deemed dividend increased the Company’s net loss attributable to common stockholders and net loss per share.

In conjunction with the June 15, 2020 offering, we issued 184,426 warrants as an advisory fee. These warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $3.05 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance. These warrants are classified as equity and its estimated fair value of $370,666 was recognized as additional paid in capital on the issuance date. The estimated fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model which is based on the value of the underlying common stock at the valuation measurement date, the remaining contractual term of the warrant, risk-free interest rates, expected dividends and expected volatility of the price of the underlying common stock.

Securities Purchase Agreements with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC

On March 30, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“LPC”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer, issue and sell to LPC, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of (a) 800,000 shares of common stock and (b) Series I warrants to purchase up to 131,967 shares (the “Series I Warrant Shares”) of common stock. In a concurrent private placement, the Company also sold to LPC Series J warrants (the “Series J Warrants”) to purchase one share of common stock for each Share and for each Series I Warrant purchased for cash in the registered direct offering. The Series J Warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $0.948 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance. The gross proceeds from this purchase were $1.0 million.

On April 9, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with LPC, pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer, issue and sell to LPC, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of (a) 904,970 shares of common stock and (b) Series K warrants to purchase up to 255,000 shares (the “Series K Warrant Shares”) of common stock. In a concurrent private placement, the Company also sold to LPC Series L warrants (the “Series L Warrants”) to purchase one share of Common Stock for each Share and for each Series K Warrant purchased for cash in the registered direct offering. The Series L Warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $0.81 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance. The gross proceeds form this purchase were $1.1 million.

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Securities Purchase Agreement With Certain Directors and Executives

On May 11, 2020 and May 14, 2020, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements with certain directors and executives of the Company pursuant to which the Company sold 447,761 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.34 per share and 146,854 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.43 per share. The gross proceeds from these purchases were $810,000.

Securities Purchase Agreement with Acorn Bioventures LP

On May 26, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Acorn, pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer, issue and sell to Acorn, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 1,205,400 shares of common stock and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, Series M warrants to purchase up to 482,160 shares of common stock. The Series M Warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $2.024 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance. The gross proceeds from this purchase were $2.5 million.

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Executive Agreements

Certain executive agreements provide for severance payments in case of terminations without cause or certain change of control scenarios.

Research and Development and Clinical Trial Agreements

In March 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Nerviano which granted the Company development and commercialization rights to NMS-1286937, which Cardiff Oncology refers to as onvansertib. Onvansertib is an oral, investigative drug and a highly-selective adenosine triphosphate competitive inhibitor of the serine/threonine PLK1. The Company plans to develop onvansertib in patients with leukemias/lymphomas and solid tumor cancers. Upon execution of the agreement, the Company paid $2.0 million in license fees which were expensed to research and development costs. The Company was committed to order $1.0 million of future services provided by Nerviano, such as the cost to manufacture drug product, no later than June 30, 2019, and these services have been purchased. Terms of the agreement also provide for the Company to pay royalties based on certain development and sales milestones.

The Company is a party to various agreements under which it licenses technology on an exclusive basis in the field of human diagnostics and oncology therapeutics. License fees are generally calculated as a percentage of product revenues, with rates that vary by agreement. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, payments have not been material.

Litigation

Cardiff Oncology does not believe that it has legal liabilities that are probable or reasonably possible that require either accrual or disclosure. From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. As of the date of this report, management believes that there are no claims against the Company, which it believes will result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.

9. Related Party Transactions

In November 2018, the Company entered into a Material Transfer Agreement (“MTA”) with Leucadia Life Sciences (“Leucadia”) pursuant to which Leucadia will develop a PCR-based assay for onvansertib for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (“AML”). The Company’s Executive Chairman, Dr. Thomas Adams, is a principal stockholder of Leucadia. In connection with the MTA, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Tommy Adams, Co-Founder & Chief Operating Officer of Leucadia, who is the son of Dr. Adams. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 the Company incurred and recorded research and development expenses of approximately $253,000 and $258,000, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 the Company incurred and recorded approximately $529,000 and $503,000, respectively, for services performed by Leucadia and Tommy Adams.

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10. COVID-19

        The COVID-19 outbreak in the United States has caused significant business disruption. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on the Company's operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, and impact on the Company's clinical trials, employees and vendors, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. At this point, the extent to which COVID-19 may impact the Company's financial condition or results of operations is uncertain. A prolonged outbreak could have a material adverse impact on financial results and business operations of the Company, including the timing and ability of the Company to complete certain clinical trials and other efforts required to advance the development of its drugs and raise additional capital.

In response to the pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act, among other things, includes tax provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer’s social security payments, net operating loss utilization and carryback periods, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The Company is utilizing the deferment of employer social security payments. The CARES Act did not have a material impact on our income tax provision for the three or six months ended June 30, 2020. We continue to monitor changes and revisions of the CARES Act and its impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

        Small Business Administration Payroll Protection Program Loan

        On April 15, 2020, the Company was granted a loan (the “Loan”) from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the aggregate amount of $305,000, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under Division A, Title I of the CARES Act.

The Loan, which was in the form of a Note dated April 15, 2020 issued by us, matures on April 15, 2022 and bears interest at a rate of 0.98% per annum, payable monthly commencing on April 15, 2021. The Note may be prepaid by us at any time prior to maturity with no prepayment penalties. Funds from the Loan may only be used for payroll costs, rent, and utilities. We intend to use the entire Loan amount for qualifying expenses. Under the terms of the PPP, certain amounts of the Loan may be forgiven if they are used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act.

The application for these funds required the Company to, in good faith, certify that the current economic uncertainty made the loan request necessary to support the ongoing operations of the Company. This certification further required the Company to take into account our current business activity and our ability to access other sources of liquidity sufficient to support ongoing operations in a manner that is not significantly detrimental to the business. The certification made by the Company did not contain any objective criteria and is subject to interpretation. If, despite the good-faith belief that given the Company’s circumstances all eligibility requirements for the PPP were satisfied, it is later determined that the Company had violated any applicable laws or regulations or it is otherwise determined the Company was ineligible to receive the PPP, it may be required to repay the PPP in its entirety and/or be subject to additional penalties.

11. Subsequent Events

Exercise of Series G Warrants

        In July 2020 we received net proceeds of approximately $2.3 million from the exercise of 1,600,000 Series G Warrants at $1.56 per share.

Exercise of Series F Warrants

In August 2020 we received net proceeds of approximately $0.6 million from the exercise of 300,000 Series F Warrants at $1.936 per share.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding the future financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions.

In addition, our business and financial performance may be affected by the factors that are discussed under “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed on February 27, 2020. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.

The following discussion and analysis is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information set forth in the financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion should not be construed to imply that the results discussed herein will necessarily continue into the future, or that any conclusion reached herein will necessarily be indicative of actual operating results in the future. Such discussion represents only the best present assessment of our management.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage, oncology therapeutics company, developing drugs that target mitosis (cell division) to treat various types of cancer, including colorectal, prostate and leukemia. Our goal is to overcome resistance, extend duration of response and increase overall survival. Our clinical development programs incorporate tumor genomics and biomarker technology to enable assessment and develop predictors of patient response to treatment.

We licensed onvansertib, a first-in-class, third-generation, oral and highly-selective Polo-like Kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor, from Nerviano Medical Sciences (NMS) in March, 2017, pursuant to a license agreement with NMS dated March 13, 2017. This exclusive, world-wide license agreement includes 3 issued patents for onvansertib which cover composition of matter, salt forms of onvansertib and combination of onvansertib with other drugs.

Onvansertib is highly potent against the PLK1 enzyme (concentration for 50% inhibition [IC50] = 2nM), whereas low or no activity was observed on a panel of 63 kinases (IC50>500 nM), including the PLK members PLK2 and PLK3 (IC50>10 μM). Onvansertib was developed to have ideal pharmacokinetics, including oral bioavailability and administration and a drug half-life of approximately 24 hours, allowing for flexible dosing and scheduling, and is well tolerated and safe with only mild to moderate side effects reported to-date. A Phase 1 safety study of onvansertib was successfully completed in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors and published in 2017 in Investigational New Drugs.

PLK1, a serine/threonine kinase, is a master regulator of mitotic progression with various roles and localizations during the different mitotic phases. Upon PLK1 depletion in cancer cells by RNA interference (RNAi), inhibition of proliferation and decreased viability, resulting from cell cycle arrest with 4N DNA content followed by apoptosis, are observed. PLK1 depletion also results in an increase in the number of cells containing abnormal spindle formation and misaligned chromosomes. Expression of PLK1 is seen in all proliferating normal tissues, and PLK1 is overexpressed in a number of tumors (including breast, prostate, ovary, lung, gastric, and colon cancers), as well as in hematologic cancers.

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Onvansertib has been tested for antiproliferative activity on a panel of 148 tumor cell lines and appeared highly active with an IC50 (a measure concentration for 50% target inhibition) below 100 nM in 75 cell lines and IC50 values below 1 uM in 133 out of 148 cell lines. Onvansertib also appears active in cells expressing multi-drug resistant (“MDR”) transporter proteins and we believe its apparent ability to overcome the MDR transporter resistance mechanism in cancer cells could prove useful in broader drug combination applications. Additionally, onvansertib has been tested in in-vivo xenograft and transgenic models of different cancer types with the demonstration of tumor growth inhibition or tumor regression.

In in-vitro and in-vivo preclinical studies, synergy (interaction of discrete drugs such that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects) has been demonstrated with onvansertib when used in combination with numerous different chemotherapies, including irinotecan, cisplatin, cytarabine, doxorubicin, gemcitabine and paclitaxel, as well as targeted therapeutics, such as abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®), histone deacetylase (“HDAC”) inhibitors, such as belinostat (Beleodaq®), quizartinib (AC220), a development stage FLT3 inhibitor, and bortezomib (Velcade®). These therapies are used clinically for the treatment of solid tumor cancers, leukemias and lymphomas including mCRC, mCRPC, pancreatic cancer, triple negative breast cancer (“TNBC”), AML and other hematological malignancies.

We believe the high-selectivity of onvansertib to PLK1, its 24-hour half-life and oral bioavailability, as well as its demonstrated safety and tolerability, with expected on-target, easy to manage and reversible side effects, may prove beneficial in addressing clinical therapeutic needs across a variety of cancers.

Clinical Program Updates

We currently have three active clinical trials:

•TROV-054 is a Phase 1b/2 open-label clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and Avastin® in patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), which is being conducted at USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and The Mayo Clinic;

•TROV-053 is a Phase 2 open-label clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®) and prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which is being conducted at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center ("BIDMC"), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ("DFCI"), and Massachusetts General Hospital ("MGH");

•and TROV-052 is a Phase 2 open-label clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy, decitabine, in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is being conducted at nine sites across the U.S. The Phase 1b portion of the AML trial was completed in the fourth quarter of 2019.

KRAS-mutated mCRC

TROV-054 is a Phase 1b/2 Study of onvansertib for the second-line treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with standard-of-care FOLFIRI and bevacizumab (Avastin®).

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab (Phase 1b) and to continue to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab (Phase 2).

The rationale for this clinical trial is based on three key principles including synthetic lethality, synergy and proof-of-concept clinical benefit. Synthetic lethality arises when a combination of deficiencies in the expression of two or more genes leads to cell death, whereas a deficiency in only one of these genes does not. The deficiencies can arise through mutations, epigenetic alterations or inhibitors of one of the genes. In reference to onvansertib, CRC tumor cells harboring KRAS mutations are more vulnerable to cell death with PLK1 inhibition and KRAS-mutated cells are more sensitive to onvansertib than KRAS wild-type isogenic cells. Synergy occurs when the combination of two drugs results in activity greater than that of each individual drug. Onvansertib in combination with irinotecan (the “IRI” in FOLFIRI) demonstrate synergy in colorectal cancer cell lines and the combination has demonstrated significantly greater tumor growth inhibition than either drug alone. Proof-of-concept clinical response has been demonstrated in a previously completed Phase 1 trial in solid tumors in which 3 of 5 patients showing stable disease had a KRAS mutation; 2 in colorectal cancer and 1 in pancreatic cancer.

Data presented on May 29, 2020, at the American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO) conference, demonstrated the safety and efficacy on onvansertib has been demonstrated. Of the 11 patients evaluable for efficacy, 91% (10 of 11) achieved clinical benefit; 5 patients (45%) having a partial response (PR) and 5 (45%) having stable disease (SD). The response to

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treatment appears to be durable, with progression-free survival to-date of >6 months with patients remaining on treatment. Additionally, on May 26, 2020, the FDA granted Fast Track Designation to onvansertib for the second-line treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated mCRC and in June, 2020, we initiated an Expanded Access Program to afford more patients access to onvansertib, beyond the ongoing clinical trial.

Key News Releases

On June 9, 2020, we announced the initiation of our Expanded Access Program (EAP) for onvansertib, in combination with standard-of-care FOLFIRI and bevacizumab, for second-line treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This announcement followed the FDA granting Fast Track Designation for onvansertib in KRAS-mutated mCRC.

On May 29, 2020, we announced positive efficacy and favorable safety data from our ongoing Phase 1b/2 clinical trial in KRAS-mutated mCRC in a virtual oral poster presentation at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) conference. The data continues to demonstrate that the primary efficacy endpoint of overall objective response (ORR), as measured by tumor regression, is ten-fold greater than current standard-of-care of 4%. As of the date of the ASCO presentation, 89% of evaluable patients in the trial have achieved a clinical response and the response appears durable with patients having progression-free survival (PFS) of at least 6 months. Onvansertib has also shown its effectiveness in targeting the most prevalent KRAS mutation subtypes associated with colorectal cancer, which until recently have been considered to be undruggable.

On May 28, 2020, we announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Fast Track Designation to onvansertib, for the second-line treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Being granted Fast Track designation for onvansertib in KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer underscores the urgent need for new treatment options for these patients and makes onvansertib eligible for accelerated approval and priority review.

On May 13, 2020, we announced an agreement with PoC Capital, LLC, to fund the completion of our ongoing Phase 1b/2 clinical trial in patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC). Our agreement with PoC Capital follows the Company's announcement of positive safety and efficacy data from our Phase 1b trial, presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) conference.

On April 28, 2020, we announced new positive results from our ongoing Phase 1b/2 clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and Avastin® (bevacizumab) for second-line treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The data were featured in a virtual oral presentation, delivered by Dr. Afsaneh Barzi, at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) conference on Monday, April 27th, 2020. At the time of this presentation the Phase 1b/2 trial had enrolled 12 patients, with 88% response in 7 of 8 evaluable patients; 3 patients with a partial response (PR); 4 patients with stable disease (SD). Data showed median progression-free survival (PFS) of at least 6.5 months with 6 patients continuing on treatment; one patient went on to have successful curative surgery. The biomarker used in this trial is changes in KRAS mutation blood levels; decreases to non-detectable levels in cycle one of treatment is predictive of future tumor regression and response.

mCRPC

TROV-053 is a Phase 2 Study of onvansertib in combination with Zytiga (abiraterone) and prednisone for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

The primary objective of this study is to observe the effects of onvansertib in combination with abiraterone and prednisone on disease control as assessed by prostate specific antigen (PSA) decline or stabilization after 12 weeks of study treatment in patients with mCRPC showing early signs of resistance to abiraterone.

The rationale for this trial is based on the mechanism of action (MOA) of onvansertib and Zytiga and the synergy of these two drugs when used in combination. Onvansertib inhibits tumor cell division (mitosis) by inducing G2/M arrest of tumor cells and the combination of onvansertib and Zytiga significantly increases mitotic arrest and is synergistic when used in combination. Additionally, PLK1 inhibition appears to enhance the efficacy of androgen signaling blockade in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Data presented on February 13, 2020, at the American Society for Clinical Oncology Genitourinary Cancers (ASCO GU) conference, demonstrated the safety and efficacy of onvansertib have been demonstrated in patients. Overall, 63% (12 of

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19) of evaluable patients achieved partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) following 12 weeks of treatment with onvansertib and Zytiga. Response to treatment is evaluated based on prostate specific antigen (PSA) values (primary endpoint) and radiographic scans. Additionally, onvansertib-induced circulating tumor cell (CTC) decrease has been shown to be associated with progression-free survival.

AML

TROV-052 is a Phase 2 Study of onvansertib in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The Phase 1b portion of this trial was completed in the fourth quarter of 2019.

The objective of this trial is to evaluate the DLTs and MTD or RP2D of onvansertib (Phase 1b – completed in October 2019). In Phase 2, the objective is to assess the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of the combination of onvansertib at the RP2D and decitabine in patients with relapsed or refractory AML. Additionally, as a correlative objective, this trial is evaluating potential pharmacodynamic (PD) and diagnostic biomarkers of onvansertib in patients with AML. We were granted Orphan Drug Designation (ODD) for onvansertib for the treatment of AML from the FDA and the European Commission.

The rationale for this trial is based on the need for new and better therapeutic options for patients in the relapsed or refractory AML setting. Current treatment options are often limited by the patient’s age and health status. Combination treatment with onvansertib and standard-of-care chemotherapy may provide a new safe and effective therapeutic option.

Data presented on June 12, 2020 at the European Hematology Association (EHA) conference, demonstrated the safety and efficacy of onvansertib has been demonstrated in patients. In the completed Phase 1b portion of this trial, the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) was established at onvansertib 60 mg/m². Onvansertib adverse events were primarily on-target hematological events, in accordance with the mechanism of action, and were reversible and manageable. Anti-leukemic activity was observed at a wide range of onvansertib dose levels (27 to 90 mg/m²) and the complete response rate achieved in patients was 24% through all dose levels, and 31% at the 4 higher dose levels (27 to 90 mg/m²). Decreases in mutant ctDNA after 1 cycle of treatment were highly predictive of clinical response and target engagement (biomarker positivity) in circulating blast cells was associated with a greater decrease in bone marrow blast cells. Phase 2 is enrolling patients and is ongoing.

Key News Release

On June 15, 2020, we announced the presentation of final results of our Phase 1b study, and preliminary positive data from our Phase 2 study. The data was presented as a virtual poster presentation at the European Hematology Association (EHA) annual conference and highlighted the efficacy, durability of response, favorable safety and tolerability, as well as correlative biomarker data. Anti-leukemic activity was observed at a wide range of onvansertib doses (27 to 90 mg/m²), indicating a large therapeutic window.

Financial and Company Updates

Financial

On June 16, 2020, we announced we entered into a securities purchase agreement, jointly led by biotech-focused institutional investors, Acorn Bioventures, LP, and CAM Capital, for aggregate gross proceeds of $13.5 million.

On May 27, 2020, we announced we entered into a definitive securities purchase agreement with biotech-focused institutional investor, Acorn Bioventures, LP, for gross proceeds of $2.5 million.

On May 19, 2020, we announced we entered into a securities purchase agreement with our Board of Directors and Executives for aggregate gross proceeds of $810,000.

Company

On May 8, 2020 we changed our company name from Trovagene, Inc. to Cardiff Oncology, Inc., and our Nasdaq ticker symbol to ‘CRDF.’ The web address for the Cardiff Oncology website is www.cardiffoncology.com.

On May 8, 2020 Mark Erlander, PhD, assumed the role of Chief Executive Officer and Thomas Adams, PhD, transitioned from Chief Executive Officer and Chairman to Executive Chairman.

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On April 22, 2020, we announced the election of three new independent Directors to our Board of Directors; Dr. James Armitage, Dr. Gary Pace and Ms. Lâle White. Each new Director brings extensive and relevant experience to our company.

Our accumulated deficit through June 30, 2020 is $220,389,581. To date, we have generated minimal revenues and expect to incur additional losses to perform further research and development activities. 

Our drug development efforts are in their early stages, and we cannot make estimates of the costs or the time that our development efforts will take to complete, or the timing and amount of revenues related to the sale of our drugs. The risk of completion of any program is high because of the many uncertainties involved in developing new drug candidates to market, including the long duration of clinical testing, the specific performance of proposed products under stringent clinical trial protocols, extended regulatory approval and review cycles, our ability to raise additional capital, the nature and timing of research and development expenses, and competing technologies being developed by organizations with significantly greater resources.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2020.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our accounting policies are described in ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2020. There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2019.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Revenues

Our total revenues consisted of the following:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		Increase (Decrease)
Royalties	$	42,633	$	36,852	$	5,781
Services and other	—		1,496		(1,496)
Total revenues	$	42,633	$	38,348	$	4,285

The increase in royalty income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior period is primarily from fluctuations of our sales-based or usage-based royalties on our intellectual property licenses. Revenue recognition of the royalty depends on the timing and overall sales activities of the licensees.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consisted of the following:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs	$	425,153	$	380,050	$	45,103
Stock-based compensation	70,085		86,058		(15,973)
Clinical trials, outside services, and lab supplies	1,808,643		2,134,974		(326,331)
Facilities and other	171,841		229,258		(57,417)
Total research and development	$	2,475,722	$	2,830,340	$	(354,618)

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Research and development expenses decreased by $354,618 to $2,475,722 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $2,830,340 for the same period in 2019. The overall decrease in research and development expenses was primarily due to costs associated with clinical programs and outside service costs for three ongoing clinical trials related to the development of our lead drug candidate, onvansertib. Facilities and other decreased primarily due to decreased travel and conference expenses to present data related to our lead drug candidate, onvansertib.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consisted of the following:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs	$	551,581	$	458,361	$	93,220
Stock-based compensation	211,691		62,776		148,915
Outside services and professional fees	484,615		576,214		(91,599)
Facilities and other	421,340		330,616		90,724
Total selling, general and administrative	$	1,669,227	$	1,427,967	$	241,260

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $241,260 to $1,669,227 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $1,427,967 for the same period in 2019. The significant components of the increase were primarily due to the increase in stock-based compensation, salaries and staff costs, facilities and other costs, partially offset by a reduction in outside services. The increase in Stock-based compensation is primarily due to stock options granted in June 2019. The increase in salaries and staff costs is primarily due to annual increases in salary and promotions. The increase in facilities and other cost was due to an increase in insurance costs for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019.

Interest Income

Interest income was $15,671 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to $69,761 for the same period of 2019. The decrease of interest income is primarily due to lower interest rates for three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019.

Change in Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants

We have issued warrants that are accounted for as derivative liabilities. As of June 30, 2020, the derivative financial instruments—warrants liabilities were revalued to $46,164, resulting in an increase in value of $44,144 from March 31, 2020, based primarily upon the fluctuation in our stock price as well as the changes in the expected term, volatility, and risk-free interest rates for the expected term. The increase in value upon remeasurement at June 30, 2020 was recorded as a loss from the change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants in the condensed statement of operations.

Net Loss

Net loss and per share amounts were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		Increase (Decrease)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(7,397,076)	$	(4,131,363)	$	3,265,713
Net loss per common share — basic and diluted	$	(0.51)	$	(0.76)	$	(0.25)
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic and diluted	14,492,159		5,408,124		9,084,035

The $3,265,713 increase in net loss attributable to common shareholders was primarily the result of an increase of $3.3 million attributable to the deemed dividends recognized on beneficial conversion features of convertible preferred stock issuances occurring during the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year. The $0.25 decrease in basic net loss per share was impacted by the increase in basic weighted average shares outstanding resulting

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primarily from the issuance of approximately 15.9 million shares of common stock and common stock equivalents from July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2020.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Revenues

Our total revenues consisted of the following:  

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		Increase (Decrease)
Royalties	$	110,337	$	98,873	$	11,464
Services and other	—		1,496		(1,496)
Total revenues	$	110,337	$	100,369	$	9,968

The increase in revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the prior period is primarily from fluctuations of our sales-based or usage-based royalties on our intellectual property licenses. Revenue recognition of the royalty depends on the timing and overall sales activities of the licensees.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consisted of the following:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs	$	849,126	$	783,939	$	65,187
Stock-based compensation	146,953		196,138		(49,185)
Clinical trials, outside services, and lab supplies	3,782,184		4,062,903		(280,719)
Facilities and other	403,150		435,959		(32,809)
Total research and development	$	5,181,413	$	5,478,939	$	(297,526)

Research and development expenses decreased by $297,526 to $5,181,413 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $5,478,939 for the same period in 2019. The overall decrease in research and development expenses was primarily due to costs associated with clinical programs and outside service costs for three ongoing clinical trials related to the development of our lead drug candidate, onvansertib. Facilities and other decreased primarily due to decreased travel and conference expenses to present data related to our lead drug candidate, onvansertib.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consisted of the following:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs	$	1,045,138	$	981,158	$	63,980
Stock-based compensation	312,132		152,763		159,369
Outside services and professional fees	979,603		1,034,045		(54,442)
Facilities and other	818,373		635,186		183,187
Total selling, general and administrative	$	3,155,246	$	2,803,152	$	352,094

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $352,094 to $3,155,246 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $2,803,152 for the same period in 2019. The significant components of the increase were primarily due to the increase in stock-based compensation, salaries and staff costs, facilities and other costs, partially offset by a reduction in outside services. The increase in stock-based compensation is primarily due to stock options granted in June 2019. The increase in

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salaries and staff costs is primarily due to annual salary increases and promotions. The increase in facilities and other cost was due to an increase in insurance costs for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019.

Interest Income and Expense

Interest income was $51,494 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to $134,504 for the same period of 2019. The decrease of interest income is primarily due to lower interest rates for six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019.

Change in Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants

We have issued warrants that are accounted for as derivative liabilities. As of June 30, 2020, the derivative financial instruments—warrants liabilities were revalued to $46,164, resulting in an increase in value of $42,037 from December 31, 2019, based primarily upon the fluctuation in our stock price as well as the changes in the expected term, volatility, and risk-free interest rates for the expected term. The increase in value upon remeasurement at June 30, 2020 was recorded as a loss from the change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants in the condensed statement of operations.

Net Loss

Net loss and per share amounts were as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		Increase (Decrease)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(11,491,698)	$	(8,310,463)	$	3,181,235
Net loss per common share — basic and diluted	$	(0.94)	$	(1.75)	$	(0.81)
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic and diluted	12,201,232		4,750,993		7,450,239

The $3,181,235 increase in net loss attributable to common shareholders was primarily the result of an increase of $3.0 million attributable to the deemed dividends recognized on beneficial conversion features of convertible preferred stock issuances, an increase in the loss recorded from the change in fair value of derivative financial instruments and a decrease in interest income, for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The $0.81 decrease in basic net loss per share was impacted by the increase in basic weighted average shares outstanding resulting primarily from the issuance of approximately 15.9 million shares of common stock and common stock equivalents from July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2020.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

        The COVID-19 outbreak in the United States has caused business disruptions. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, and impact on our clinical trials, employees and vendors, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. The economic effects of the outbreak could also have an adverse effect on our ability to raise additional capital. At this point, the extent to which COVID-19 may impact our financial condition or results of operations is uncertain.

As of June 30, 2020, we had $27,754,813 in cash and cash equivalents. Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $7,665,787, compared to $6,803,159 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Our use of cash was primarily a result of the net loss of $8,213,094 for the six months ended June 30, 2020, adjusted for non-cash items related to release of clinical trial funding commitment of $506,509, stock-based compensation of $459,085, and depreciation and amortization of $233,909. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities was $728,402 increasing cash used in operations. At our current and anticipated level of operating loss, we expect to continue to incur an operating cash outflow for the next several years.

Net cash used in investing activities was $0 during the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $5,274 for the same period in 2019, which were for capital expenditures in the prior period.

Net cash provided in financing activities was $25,225,308 during the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $6,146,570 for the same period in 2019. Net cash provided in financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily from $18.8 million of proceeds from the sale of common stock, preferred stock and warrants and from $6.1

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million of proceeds from the exercise of warrants. Net cash provided in financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily from $3.3 million of proceeds from the exercise of warrants and $2.9 million from the sale of common stock and warrants.

As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, we had working capital of $23,857,104 and $6,571,985, respectively. 

The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and has negative operating cash flows. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $27.8 million in cash and cash equivalents and believes it has sufficient cash to meet its funding requirements for at least the next 12 months following the issuance date of these financial statements.

For the foreseeable future, the Company expects to continue to incur losses and require additional capital to further advance its clinical trial programs and support its other operations. The Company cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience additional dilution. The economic effects of COVID-19 could also have an adverse effect on the Company's ability to raise additional capital.

Controlled Equity Offerings and Public Offerings

On March 30, 2020, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“LPC”), pursuant to which we agreed to offer, issue and sell to LPC, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of (a) 800,000 shares of common stock and (b) Series I warrants to purchase up to 131,967 shares (the “Series I Warrant Shares”) of our common stock. In a concurrent private placement, we also sold to LPC Series J warrants (the “Series J Warrants”) to purchase one share of our common stock for each Share and for each Series I Warrant purchased for cash in the registered direct offering. The Series J Warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $0.948 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance.

On April 9, 2020, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with LPC, pursuant to which we agreed to offer, issue and sell to LPC, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of (a) 904,970 shares of common stock and (b) Series K warrants to purchase up to 255,000 shares (the “Series K Warrant Shares”) of our common stock. In a concurrent private placement, we also sold to LPC Series L warrants (the “Series L Warrants”) to purchase one share of our Common Stock for each Share and for each Series K Warrant purchased for cash in the registered direct offering. The Series L Warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $0.81 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance.

On May 8, 2020, we entered into a Stock and Warrant Subscription Agreement (the “SPA”) with PoC Capital, LLC (“PoC”) pursuant to which we issued to PoC at an aggregate issue price of $2,300,000, (i) 602,833 shares of our common stock, (ii) 154,670 shares of our Series D Preferred Stock and (iii) warrants (the “Warrants”) exercisable for 859,813 shares of our common stock, in exchange for PoC funding clinical development of onvansertib, our first-in-class, 3rd generation oral and highly selective PLK1 inhibitor in a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer pursuant to a Master Services Agreement dated as of January 25, 2019 by and among us, Integrium, LLC and PoC, as amended. The Warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $1.50 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance.

On May 11, 2020 and May 14, 2020, we entered into Securities Purchase Agreements with certain of our directors and executives pursuant to which we sold 447,761 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.34 per share and 146,854 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.43 per share.

On May 26, 2020, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Acorn Bioventures, LP (“Acorn”), pursuant to which we agreed to offer, issue and sell to Acorn, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 1,205,400 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, Series M warrants to purchase up to 482,160 shares of common stock. The Series M Warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $2.024 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance.

On June 15, 2020 we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Acorn, CDK Associates, L.L.C. (“CDK”) and Third Street Holdings LLC (“Third Street”), pursuant to which we agreed to offer, issue and sell to Acorn, CDK and Third Street, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 1,984,328 shares of common stock and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, (a) an aggregate of 865,824 shares of Series E Preferred Stock (“Series E Preferred Stock”) and (b) Series N warrants to purchase up to 2,213,115 shares of common stock. The Series E Preferred Stock is convertible at any time determined by dividing the $10 stated value per share of the Series E Preferred Stock by a conversion price of $2.44 per share,

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subject to adjustment in accordance with the Certificate of Designation. The Series N Warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $2.39 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance.

In conjunction with the June 15, 2020 offering, we issued 184,426 warrants as an advisory fee. These warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $3.05 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

For a discussion of our contractual obligations see (i) our Financial Statements and Notes to Financial Statements Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies, and (ii) Item 7 Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Contractual Obligations and Commitments, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2019. There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, except for the following.

Small Business Administration Payroll Protection Program Loan

        On April 15, 2020, we were granted a loan (the “Loan”) from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the aggregate amount of $305,000, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under Division A, Title I of the CARES Act, which was enacted March 27, 2020.

The Loan, which was in the form of a Note dated April 15, 2020 issued by us, matures on April 15, 2022 and bears interest at a rate of 0.98% per annum, payable monthly commencing on April 15, 2021. The Note may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to maturity with no prepayment penalties. Funds from the Loan may only be used for payroll costs, rent, and utilities. The Company intends to use the entire Loan amount for qualifying expenses. Under the terms of the PPP, certain amounts of the Loan may be forgiven if they are used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act.

The application for these funds required the Company to, in good faith, certify that the current economic uncertainty made the loan request necessary to support the ongoing operations of the Company. This certification further required the Company to take into account our current business activity and our ability to access other sources of liquidity sufficient to support ongoing operations in a manner that is not significantly detrimental to the business. The certification made by the Company did not contain any objective criteria and is subject to interpretation. If, despite the good-faith belief that given the Company’s circumstances all eligibility requirements for the PPP were satisfied, it is later determined that the Company had violated any applicable laws or regulations or it is otherwise determined the Company was ineligible to receive the PPP, it may be required to repay the PPP in its entirety and/or be subject to additional penalties.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have performed an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer (CEO) and principal financial officer (VP, Finance), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2020 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted by us under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as specified above. Management does not expect, however, that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent or detect all errors and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2020 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

30

Table of Contents

PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, except for the following.

A pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, may materially and adversely affect our business and operations.

        The recent outbreak of COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since spread to multiple countries, including the United States and several European countries. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization announced a global health emergency. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the United States and global economies and may affect our operations and those of third parties on which we rely, including by causing disruptions in the supply of our product candidate and the conduct of current and future clinical trials. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic may affect the operations of the FDA and other health authorities, which could result in delays of reviews and approvals, including with respect to our product candidate. The evolving COVID-19 pandemic is also likely to directly or indirectly impact the pace of enrollment in our ongoing clinical trials for at least the next several months and possibly longer as patients may avoid or may not be able to travel to healthcare facilities and physicians' offices unless due to a health emergency. Such facilities and offices may also be required to focus limited resources on non-clinical trial matters, including treatment of COVID-19 patients, and may not be available, in whole or in part, for clinical trial services related to our product candidate. Additionally, while the potential economic impact brought by, and the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to assess or predict, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global financial markets may reduce our ability to access capital, which could negatively impact our short-term and long-term liquidity. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. We do not yet know the full extent of potential delays or impacts on our business, financing or clinical trial activities or on healthcare systems or the global economy as a whole. However, these effects could have a material impact on our liquidity, capital resources, operations and business and those of the third parties on which we rely.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

31

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibit
3.1	Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2020)
4.1	Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2020).
4.2	Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 27, 2020).
4.3	Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 16, 2020).
10.1	Stock and Warrant Subscription Agreement entered into as of May 8, 2020 by and between, Cardiff Oncology, Inc. and POC Capital, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2020)
10.2	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2020)
10.3	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2020)
10.4	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 27, 2020)
10.5	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 16, 2020)
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act.
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act.
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 is formatted in Inline XBRL

32

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
August 11, 2020	By:	/s/ Mark Erlander
		Mark Erlander
		Chief Executive Officer
	CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
August 11, 2020	By:	/s/ Brigitte Lindsay
		Brigitte Lindsay
		VP, Finance

33

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Mark Erlander, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (the “Registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions);

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

August 11, 2020	/s/ Mark Erlander
	Mark Erlander
	Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Brigitte Lindsay, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (the “Registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions);

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

August 11, 2020	/s/ Brigitte Lindsay
	Brigitte Lindsay
	VP, Finance

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mark Erlander, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

August 11, 2020	/s/ Mark Erlander
	Mark Erlander
	Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Brigitte Lindsay, VP, Finance of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

August 11, 2020	/s/ Brigitte Lindsay
	Brigitte Lindsay
	VP, Finance

XML

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Aug. 06, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2020
Entity File Number	001-35558
Entity Registrant Name	CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	27-2004382
Entity Address, Address Line One	11055 Flintkote Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92121
City Area Code	858
Local Phone Number	952-7570
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	CRDF
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		23,227,893
Entity Central Index Key	0001213037
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2

XML

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 27,754,813	$ 10,195,292
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	109,334	203,480
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	954,986	954,957
Total current assets	28,819,133	11,353,729
Property and equipment, net	655,367	877,823
Operating lease right-of-use assets	501,894	697,418
Other assets	152,585	157,576
Total Assets	30,128,979	13,086,546
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,155,531	656,304
Accrued expenses	2,858,161	3,260,061
Note payable	70,730	0
Operating lease liabilities	877,607	865,379
Total current liabilities	4,962,029	4,781,744
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	46,164	4,127
Note payable, net of current portion	234,270	0
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	429,776	860,963
Other liabilities	72,701	128,368
Total Liabilities	5,744,940	5,775,202
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, 20,000,000 shares authorized; (Note 7)	926	60
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 21,325,076 and 8,593,633 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	9,585	8,312
Additional paid-in capital	247,528,273	217,172,528
Service receivables	(2,765,164)	(971,673)
Accumulated deficit	(220,389,581)	(208,897,883)
Total stockholders’ equity	24,384,039	7,311,344
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 30,128,979	$ 13,086,546

XML

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	21,325,076	8,593,633
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	21,325,076	8,593,633

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenues:
Royalties	$ 42,633	$ 36,852	$ 110,337	$ 98,873
Services	0	1,496	0	1,496
Total revenues	42,633	38,348	110,337	100,369
Costs and expenses:
Research and development	2,475,722	2,830,340	5,181,413	5,478,939
Selling, general and administrative	1,669,227	1,427,967	3,155,246	2,803,152
Total operating expenses	4,144,949	4,258,307	8,336,659	8,282,091
Loss from operations	(4,102,316)	(4,219,959)	(8,226,322)	(8,181,722)
Interest income	15,671	69,761	51,494	134,504
Gain (loss) from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants	(44,144)	23,789	(42,037)	14,028
Other income (expense), net	6,257	1,106	3,771	3,116
Net loss	(4,124,532)	(4,125,303)	(8,213,094)	(8,030,074)
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(6,060)	(6,060)	(12,120)	(12,120)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (7,397,076)	$ (4,131,363)	$ (11,491,698)	$ (8,310,463)
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.51)	$ (0.76)	$ (0.94)	$ (1.75)
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic and diluted (in shares)	14,492,159	5,408,124	12,201,232	4,750,993
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Costs and expenses:
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ (268,269)
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Costs and expenses:
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	(601,767)	0	(601,767)	0
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
Costs and expenses:
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	$ (2,664,717)	$ 0	$ (2,664,717)	$ 0

XML

CONDENSED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)		Total	Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Common Stock Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	Common Stock Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In Capital Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	Service Receivable	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	Accumulated Deficit Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018			60,600			3,831,879
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2018		$ 10,084,192	$ 60			$ 7,742			$ 202,267,605				$ 0	$ (192,191,215)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation		200,067							200,067
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)						497,313
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants		3,282,266				$ 50			3,282,216
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)						6,362
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units						$ 4			(4)
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		(6,060)												(6,060)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment		70,487											70,487
Net loss		(3,904,771)												(3,904,771)
Issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment (in shares)			200,000			183,334
Issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment		(40,000)	$ 200			$ 110			1,634,690				(1,675,000)
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock issuance									268,269					(268,269)
Issuance of common stock for share rounding as a result of reverse stock split (in shares)						6,466
Balance, ending (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019			260,600			4,525,354
Balance, ending at Mar. 31, 2019		9,686,181	$ 260			$ 7,906			207,652,843				(1,604,513)	(196,370,315)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018			60,600			3,831,879
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2018		10,084,192	$ 60			$ 7,742			202,267,605				0	(192,191,215)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)						156,353
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants		1,564				$ 16			1,548
Net loss		(8,030,074)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019			60,600			5,441,390
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2019		8,848,235	$ 60			$ 7,997			210,706,090				(1,364,234)	(200,501,678)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019			260,600			4,525,354
Balance, beginning at Mar. 31, 2019		9,686,181	$ 260			$ 7,906			207,652,843				(1,604,513)	(196,370,315)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation		148,834							148,834
Sale of common stock and warrants (in shares)						(421,917)
Sale of common stock and warrants		(2,902,740)				$ (42)			(2,902,698)
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)						4,433
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units						$ 0			0
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		(6,060)												(6,060)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment		240,279											240,279
Net loss		(4,125,303)												(4,125,303)
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (in shares)					(200,000)			333,333
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock					$ (200)			$ 33				$ 167
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019			60,600			5,441,390
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2019		8,848,235	$ 60			$ 7,997			210,706,090				(1,364,234)	(200,501,678)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019			60,600			8,593,633
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2019		7,311,344	$ 60			$ 8,312			217,172,528				(971,673)	(208,897,883)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation		177,309							177,309
Sale of common stock and warrants (in shares)						(800,000)
Sale of common stock and warrants		(1,000,001)				$ (80)			(999,921)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)						1,610,144
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants		1,456,369				$ 161			1,456,208
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)						6,810
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units						$ 1			(1)
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		(6,060)												(6,060)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment		293,017											293,017
Net loss		(4,088,562)												(4,088,562)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020			60,600			11,010,587
Balance, ending at Mar. 31, 2020		6,143,418	$ 60			$ 8,554			219,805,965				(678,656)	(212,992,505)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019			60,600			8,593,633
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2019		7,311,344	$ 60			$ 8,312			217,172,528				(971,673)	(208,897,883)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss		(8,213,094)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020			926,424			21,325,076
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2020		24,384,039	$ 926			$ 9,585			247,528,273				(2,765,164)	(220,389,581)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020			60,600			11,010,587
Balance, beginning at Mar. 31, 2020		6,143,418	$ 60			$ 8,554			219,805,965				(678,656)	(212,992,505)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation		281,776							281,776
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)						3,473,393
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants		4,605,017				$ 347			4,604,670
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)						2,250
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units						$ 0			0
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		(6,060)												(6,060)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment		213,492											213,492
Net loss		(4,124,532)												(4,124,532)
Issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment (in shares)			154,670			602,833
Issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment		(7,500)	$ 15			$ 60			2,292,425				(2,300,000)
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock issuance										$ 601,767	$ 2,664,717				$ (601,767)	$ (2,664,717)
Sale of common stock, preferred stock and warrants (in shares)	[1]		865,824			4,689,313
Sale of common stock, preferred stock and warrants	[1]	(17,278,428)	$ 866			$ 469			17,277,093
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (in shares)				(154,670)			1,546,700
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock				$ (15)			$ 155			$ (140)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020			926,424			21,325,076
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2020		$ 24,384,039	$ 926			$ 9,585			$ 247,528,273				$ (2,765,164)	$ (220,389,581)

[1] Net of expenses of $616,143, and fair value of warrants issued as a transaction advisory fee as of the date of issuance of $370,666.

XML

CONDENSED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cost of issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants	$ 616,143	$ 40,000
Warrants, fair value	$ 370,666
Discount of issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment		$ 235,640

XML

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Operating activities
Impairment loss	$ 34,169	$ 0
Net loss	(8,213,094)	(8,030,074)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	233,909	248,958
Stock-based compensation expense	459,085	348,901
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants	42,037	(14,028)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	506,509	310,766
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets	4,991	(32,464)
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	94,146	45,474
Prepaid expenses	(29)	163,950
Operating lease right-of-use assets	161,355	147,974
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(514,239)	387,046
Operating lease liabilities	(418,959)	(379,662)
Other liabilities	(55,667)	0
Net cash used in operating activities	(7,665,787)	(6,803,159)
Investing activities:
Capital expenditures	0	(5,274)
Net cash used in investing activities	0	(5,274)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from sales of common stock, preferred stock and warrants, net of expenses of $92,648 and $97,260, respectively	18,801,924	2,902,740
Costs related to the clinical trial funding commitment	(7,500)	(40,000)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants, net of expenses of $393,285 and $0, respectively	6,125,884	3,283,830
Borrowings under long-term debt	305,000	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	25,225,308	6,146,570
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	17,559,521	(661,863)
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period	10,195,292	11,453,133
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period	27,754,813	10,791,270
Supplementary disclosure of cash flow activity:
Cash paid for taxes	800	800
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	11,453	0
Expenses from sales of common stock, preferred stock and warrants included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	523,495	0
Expenses from exercise of warrants included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	64,498	0
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	12,120	12,120
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	0	268,269
Common stock, preferred stock and warrants issued in connection with clinical trial funding commitment	0	1,675,000
Common stock issued upon conversion of convertible preferred stock	0	33
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	601,767	0
Common stock, preferred stock and warrants issued in connection with clinical trial funding commitment	2,300,000	0
Common stock issued upon conversion of convertible preferred stock	155	0
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	$ 2,664,717	$ 0

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Stock issuance expenses	$ 92,648	$ 97,260
Warrant exercise costs	393,285	0
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Discount of issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment	$ 488,270
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Discount of issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment		$ 235,640

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Organization and Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization and Basis of Presentation

Business Organization and Overview

Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (“Cardiff Oncology” or the “Company”) headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage biotechnology company with the singular mission of developing new treatment options for cancer patients in indications with the greatest medical need, including KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer, Zytiga®-resistant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Our goal is to overcome resistance, improve response to treatment and increase overall survival and the integration of predictive clinical biomarkers to assess patient response to treatment.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements of Cardiff Oncology have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) related to a quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited interim condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The unaudited condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The operating results presented in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2020.

Liquidity

The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and has negative operating cash flows. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $27.8 million in cash and cash equivalents and believes it has sufficient cash to meet its funding requirements for at least the next 12 months following the issuance date of these financial statements.

For the foreseeable future, the Company expects to continue to incur losses and require additional capital to further advance its clinical trial programs and support its other operations. The Company cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience additional dilution. The economic effects of COVID-19 could also have an adverse effect on the Company's ability to raise additional capital. See Note 10 to the condensed financial statements for further information.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, except as described below.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in net loss attributable to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Shares used in calculating diluted net loss per common share exclude as anti-dilutive the following share equivalents:

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(7,397,076)	$	(4,131,363)	$	(11,491,698)	$	(8,310,463)
Net loss used for basic and diluted loss per share	$	(7,397,076)	$	(4,131,363)	$	(11,491,698)	$	(8,310,463)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share	14,492,159		5,408,124		12,201,232		4,750,993
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.51)	$	(0.76)	$	(0.94)	$	(1.75)

The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:

	June 30,
	2020	2019
Options to purchase Common Stock	1,924,039	1,033,274
Warrants to purchase Common Stock	12,329,435	4,404,185
Restricted Stock Units	2,241	14,187
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	877	877
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	3,548,459	—
	17,805,051	5,452,523

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13 ("ASU 2018-13"), Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. The standard is effective for all entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has prospectively adopted ASU 2018-13 as of January 1, 2020 for periods presented after adoption. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

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Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2020
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	27,706,506	$	—	$	—	$	27,706,506
Total Assets	$	27,706,506	$	—	$	—	$	27,706,506
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (2)	$	—	$	—	$	46,164	$	46,164
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	46,164	$	46,164

	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	10,131,240	$	—	$	—	$	10,131,240
Total Assets	$	10,131,240	$	—	$	—	$	10,131,240
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (2)	$	—	$	—	$	4,127	$	4,127
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	4,127	$	4,127

(1) Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying condensed balance sheets.

(2) A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments that trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3. See Note 6 to the condensed financial statements for further information.

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Property and Equipment

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:

	As of June 30, 2020		As of December 31, 2019
Furniture and office equipment	$	775,030	$	775,030
Leasehold improvements	1,962,230		1,962,230
Laboratory equipment	756,310		744,856
	3,493,570		3,482,116
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,838,203)		(2,604,293)
Property and equipment, net	$	655,367	$	877,823

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Leases

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases As a lessee, the Company’s current leases include its master facility lease and immaterial equipment leases, all of which are considered operating leases.

The Company (as a sublessor) also subleases portions of its facility to third parties under two separate subleases. All of these subleases have been determined to be operating leases and are accounted for separately from the head lease.

Master Facility Lease

The Company leases a building in San Diego under an operating lease that expires on December 31, 2021. The lease currently requires fixed monthly rent payments of approximately $78,000, with 3% annual escalation. The lease also contains one five-year renewal option with minimum monthly rent equal to the then-current fair market value, subject to a 3% annual increase. As the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise this option, it has not been included in the calculation of the lease liability or right-of-use asset related to this lease.

Facility Subleases

As a result of corporate restructurings in previous years, the Company vacated a portion of its facility and has subleased the space to third parties under two separate sublease agreements, which both expire December 31, 2021. An additional sublease expired on October 31, 2019 and was not renewed. The Company recorded a cease-use loss liability and expense in 2018 pursuant to ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, representing the total expected shortfall in sublease income for two of the subleases as compared to its required payments for those spaces under the remainder of the master lease term. This liability was being amortized over the remaining lease term until the adoption of ASC 842, whereupon the remaining cease-use loss liability of approximately $487,000 was eliminated and treated as a reduction to the beginning ROU asset value for the master lease as of January 1, 2019. Income will continue to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease.

Impairment of Right-of-Use Assets

The Company recorded an impairment loss of $34,169 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The loss related to a vacated portion of the facility that is no longer being subleased. The Company determined that the prolonged loss of sublease income and an adverse commercial real estate market caused by COVID-19 were indicators of impairment. A fair value approach using quoted prices for similar assets was used to determine the impairment loss. The loss was recorded within operating expenses in the condensed statement of operations.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	139,283	$	112,115	$	246,028	$	225,708
Operating sublease income	(72,793)		(99,937)		(145,587)		(199,874)
Net operating lease cost	$	66,490	$	12,178	$	100,441	$	25,834

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

	As of June 30, 2020			As of December 31, 2019
Operating lease ROU assets	$	501,894		$	697,418
Current operating lease liabilities	$	877,607		$	865,379
Non-current operating lease liabilities	429,776			860,963
Total operating lease liabilities	$	1,307,383		$	1,726,342
Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases	1.5 years			2.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases	6.5		%	6.5		%

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	236,385	$	229,574	$	469,463	$	455,938

Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases		Sublease Income		Net Operating Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	$	395,916	$	(145,587)	$	250,329
2021	968,165		(291,173)		676,992
2022	5,868		—		5,868
2023	3,423		—		3,423
Total future minimum lease payments	1,373,372		$	(436,760)	$	936,612
Less imputed interest	(65,989)
Total	$	1,307,383

Leases

Leases As a lessee, the Company’s current leases include its master facility lease and immaterial equipment leases, all of which are considered operating leases.

The Company (as a sublessor) also subleases portions of its facility to third parties under two separate subleases. All of these subleases have been determined to be operating leases and are accounted for separately from the head lease.

Master Facility Lease

The Company leases a building in San Diego under an operating lease that expires on December 31, 2021. The lease currently requires fixed monthly rent payments of approximately $78,000, with 3% annual escalation. The lease also contains one five-year renewal option with minimum monthly rent equal to the then-current fair market value, subject to a 3% annual increase. As the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise this option, it has not been included in the calculation of the lease liability or right-of-use asset related to this lease.

Facility Subleases

As a result of corporate restructurings in previous years, the Company vacated a portion of its facility and has subleased the space to third parties under two separate sublease agreements, which both expire December 31, 2021. An additional sublease expired on October 31, 2019 and was not renewed. The Company recorded a cease-use loss liability and expense in 2018 pursuant to ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, representing the total expected shortfall in sublease income for two of the subleases as compared to its required payments for those spaces under the remainder of the master lease term. This liability was being amortized over the remaining lease term until the adoption of ASC 842, whereupon the remaining cease-use loss liability of approximately $487,000 was eliminated and treated as a reduction to the beginning ROU asset value for the master lease as of January 1, 2019. Income will continue to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease.

Impairment of Right-of-Use Assets

The Company recorded an impairment loss of $34,169 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The loss related to a vacated portion of the facility that is no longer being subleased. The Company determined that the prolonged loss of sublease income and an adverse commercial real estate market caused by COVID-19 were indicators of impairment. A fair value approach using quoted prices for similar assets was used to determine the impairment loss. The loss was recorded within operating expenses in the condensed statement of operations.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	139,283	$	112,115	$	246,028	$	225,708
Operating sublease income	(72,793)		(99,937)		(145,587)		(199,874)
Net operating lease cost	$	66,490	$	12,178	$	100,441	$	25,834

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

	As of June 30, 2020			As of December 31, 2019
Operating lease ROU assets	$	501,894		$	697,418
Current operating lease liabilities	$	877,607		$	865,379
Non-current operating lease liabilities	429,776			860,963
Total operating lease liabilities	$	1,307,383		$	1,726,342
Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases	1.5 years			2.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases	6.5		%	6.5		%

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	236,385	$	229,574	$	469,463	$	455,938

Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases		Sublease Income		Net Operating Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	$	395,916	$	(145,587)	$	250,329
2021	968,165		(291,173)		676,992
2022	5,868		—		5,868
2023	3,423		—		3,423
Total future minimum lease payments	1,373,372		$	(436,760)	$	936,612
Less imputed interest	(65,989)
Total	$	1,307,383

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants

Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC Topic 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”) or ASC Topic 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480-10”), Cardiff Oncology determined that certain warrants issued in connection with the execution of certain equity financings must be recorded as derivative liabilities. In accordance with ASC 815-40 and ASC 480-10, the warrants are also being re-measured at each balance sheet date based on estimated fair value, and any resultant change in fair value is being recorded in the Company’s condensed statements of operations. The Company estimates the fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The range of assumptions and weighted averages used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated were:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Range:
Estimated fair value of Cardiff Oncology common stock	$1.01 - $5.01		$2.50 - $3.75
Expected warrant term	2.6 - 3.1 years		3.6 - 4.1 years
Risk-free interest rate	0.17 - 1.62%		1.72 - 2.49%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	111 - 118%		102 - 106%
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%
	As of June 30, 2020
Weighted Average(1)(2):
Fair value of Cardiff Oncology common stock	$5.01
Expected warrant term	2.6 years
Risk-free interest rate	0.17	%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	118	%
Dividend yield	0	%

(1) Weighted average is only disclosed for periods after January 1, 2020 under the adoption of ASU 2018-13.

(2) The weighted average was calculated using the relative fair value method.

Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of Cardiff Oncology’s common stock. The warrants have a transferability provision and based on guidance provided in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107, Share-Based Payment (“SAB No. 107”), for instruments issued with such a provision, Cardiff Oncology used the remaining contractual term as the expected term of the warrants. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security rates consistent with the expected remaining term of the warrants at each balance sheet date.

The following table sets forth the components of changes in the Company’s derivative financial instruments—warrants liability balance, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing method, for the periods indicated.

Date	Description	Number of Warrants	Derivative Instrument Liability
December 31, 2019	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	64,496	$	4,127
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the period recognized as a loss in the condensed statements of operations	—	42,037
June 30, 2020	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	64,496	$	46,164

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Stockholders' Equity

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Options

Stock-based compensation expense related to Cardiff Oncology equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Included in research and development expense	$	70,085	$	86,058	$	146,953	$	196,138
Included in selling, general and administrative expense	211,691		62,776		312,132		152,763
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	281,776	$	148,834	$	459,085	$	348,901

The unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding at June 30, 2020 and 2019, net of estimated forfeitures, was $2,732,126 and $1,735,973, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.4 and 2.5 years, respectively. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of outstanding options as of June 30, 2020 was approximately 9.4 years. The total fair value of stock options vested during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $764,724 and $279,760, respectively.

The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions during the following periods indicated:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Risk-free interest rate	0.44	%	1.8	%
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	105	%	95	%
Expected term	5.9 years		5.9 years

A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:

	Total Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2019	1,015,418	$	12.77	$	—
Granted	969,965	$	2.53
Canceled / Forfeited	(46,069)	$	12.58
Expired	(15,275)	$	8.98
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2020	1,924,039	$	7.64	$	4,675,733
Exercisable at June 30, 2020	441,316	$	24.82	$	973,456

On June 6, 2019, the number of authorized shares in the Cardiff Oncology 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“2014 EIP”) was increased from 243,056 to 1,243,056. On April 16, 2020 the 2014 EIP was amended to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance thereunder to 2,243,056 from 1,243,056. As of June 30, 2020, there were 258,497 shares available for issuance under the 2014 EIP.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the RSU activity is presented below:

	Total Restricted Stock Units	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Non-vested RSUs outstanding, December 31, 2019	11,301	$	15.38	$	14,013
Vested	(9,060)	$	10.89	$	13,763
Non-vested RSUs outstanding, June 30, 2020	2,241	$	33.49	$	11,227

The total fair value of vested RSUs during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $98,703 and $147,516, respectively.

Warrants

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below:

	Total Warrants	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2019	10,589,482	$	4.08	3.7 years
Granted	5,831,451	$	1.70
Exercised	(4,091,498)	$	1.59
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2020	12,329,435	$	3.78	4.5 years

Preferred Stock

A summary of our Company's classes of preferred stock is presented below:

						Shares outstanding
Class	Par value		Shares designated	Liquidation preference		As of June 30, 2020	As of December 31, 2019
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	277,100	$	606,000	60,600	60,600
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	8,860	None		—	—
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	200,000	None		—	—
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.0001	154,670	None		—	—
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	865,824	None		865,824	—

Series C Convertible Preferred Stock and Service Receivable

On January 25, 2019, the Company entered into a Master Services Agreement and a Stock and Warrant Subscription Agreement with PoC Capital, LLC (“PoC”), whereby PoC agreed to finance $1.675 million for the development costs associated with Phase 1b/2 study of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and Avastin^® in patients with metastatic Colorectal Cancer (“mCRC”) harboring KRAS mutation in exchange for (i)183,334 shares of common stock, (ii) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 150,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $3.762 per share, expiring on January 25, 2024, and (iii) 200,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, each share of which was convertible into 1.67 shares of common stock. In April of 2019, all 200,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 333,333 shares of the Company's common stock. As of June 30, 2020, there were no shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding.

The Company evaluated the awards issued under this transaction and determined they should be classified as equity. These equity awards were fully vested and non-forfeitable. Since the equity awards were for clinical trial services yet to be provided, the Company recognized $1.675 million service receivables as contra equity. The Company releases the service receivables as clinical trial services are performed. The conversion feature of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock at the time of issuance was determined to be beneficial on the commitment date. Because the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock was perpetual with no stated maturity date, and the conversions could occur any time from inception, the Company immediately recorded a non-cash deemed dividend of $0.3 million related to the beneficial conversion feature arising from the issuance of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock. This non-cash deemed dividend increased the Company’s net loss attributable to common stockholders and net loss per share.

Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and Service Receivable

On May 8, 2020, the Company entered into a Stock and Warrant Subscription Agreement with PoC, whereby PoC agreed to finance an additional $2.3 million for a clinical trial in exchange for (i) 602,833 shares of its common stock (the “Common Stock”), (ii) 154,670 shares of its Series D Preferred Stock (as defined below) and (iii) a warrant (the “Warrant”) exercisable for 859,813 shares of its Common Stock. In exchange for PoC funding clinical development of onvansertib, the Company’s first-in-class, 3rd generation oral and highly selective PLK1 inhibitor in a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer pursuant to a Master Services Agreement dated as of January 25, 2019 by and among the Company, Integrium, LLC and PoC, as amended. The Series N Warrants will be exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $1.50 per share and will expire on November 7, 2025. In June of 2020, all 154,670 Series D Preferred Stock were converted to 1,546,700 shares of Common Stock. As of June 30, 2020, there were no shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding.

The Company evaluated the awards issued under this transaction and determined they should be classified as equity. These equity awards were fully vested and non-forfeitable. Since the equity awards were for clinical trial services yet to be provided, the Company recognized $2.3 million service receivables as contra equity. The Company releases the service receivables as clinical trial services are performed. The conversion feature of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock at the time of issuance was determined to be beneficial on the commitment date. Because the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock was perpetual with no stated maturity date, and the conversions could occur any time from inception, the Company immediately recorded a non-cash deemed dividend of $0.6 million related to the beneficial conversion feature arising from the issuance of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock. This non-cash deemed dividend increased the Company’s net loss attributable to common stockholders and net loss per share.

Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and Service Receivable

On June 15, 2020 the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Acorn Bioventures LP ("Acorn"), CDK Associates, L.L.C. (“CDK”) and Third Street Holdings LLC (“Third Street”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer, issue and sell to Acorn, CDK and Third Street, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 1,984,328 shares of common stock and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, (a) an aggregate of 865,824 shares of Series E Preferred Stock (“Series E Preferred Stock”) and (b) Series N warrants to purchase up to 2,213,115 shares of Common Stock. The Series E Preferred Stock is convertible at any time determined by dividing the $10 stated value per share of the Series E Preferred Stock by a conversion price of $2.44 per share, subject to adjustment in accordance with the Certificate of Designation. The Series N Warrants will be exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $2.39 per share and will expire on December 16, 2025. As of June 30, 2020, there were 865,824 shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding.

The conversion feature of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock at the time of issuance was determined to be beneficial on the commitment date. Because the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock was perpetual with no stated maturity date, and the conversions could occur any time from inception, the Company immediately recorded a non-cash deemed dividend of $2.7 million related to the beneficial conversion feature arising from the issuance of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock. This non-cash deemed dividend increased the Company’s net loss attributable to common stockholders and net loss per share.

In conjunction with the June 15, 2020 offering, we issued 184,426 warrants as an advisory fee. These warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $3.05 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance. These warrants are classified as equity and its estimated fair value of $370,666 was recognized as additional paid in capital on the issuance date. The estimated fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model which is based on the value of the underlying common stock at the valuation measurement date, the remaining contractual term of the warrant, risk-free interest rates, expected dividends and expected volatility of the price of the underlying common stock.

Securities Purchase Agreements with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC

On March 30, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“LPC”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer, issue and sell to LPC, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of (a) 800,000 shares of common stock and (b) Series I warrants to purchase up to 131,967 shares (the “Series I Warrant Shares”) of common stock. In a concurrent private placement, the Company also sold to LPC Series J warrants (the “Series J Warrants”) to purchase one share of common stock for each Share and for each Series I Warrant purchased for cash in the registered direct offering. The Series J Warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $0.948 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance. The gross proceeds from this purchase were $1.0 million.

On April 9, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with LPC, pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer, issue and sell to LPC, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of (a) 904,970 shares of common stock and (b) Series K warrants to purchase up to 255,000 shares (the “Series K Warrant Shares”) of common stock. In a concurrent private placement, the Company also sold to LPC Series L warrants (the “Series L Warrants”) to purchase one share of Common Stock for each Share and for each Series K Warrant purchased for cash in the registered direct offering. The Series L Warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $0.81 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance. The gross proceeds form this purchase were $1.1 million.

Securities Purchase Agreement With Certain Directors and Executives

On May 11, 2020 and May 14, 2020, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements with certain directors and executives of the Company pursuant to which the Company sold 447,761 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.34 per share and 146,854 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.43 per share. The gross proceeds from these purchases were $810,000.

Securities Purchase Agreement with Acorn Bioventures LP

On May 26, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Acorn, pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer, issue and sell to Acorn, (i) in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 1,205,400 shares of common stock and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, Series M warrants to purchase up to 482,160 shares of common stock. The Series M Warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance at an exercise price of $2.024 per share and will expire 5.5 years following the date of issuance. The gross proceeds from this purchase were $2.5 million.

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Executive Agreements

Certain executive agreements provide for severance payments in case of terminations without cause or certain change of control scenarios.

Research and Development and Clinical Trial Agreements

In March 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Nerviano which granted the Company development and commercialization rights to NMS-1286937, which Cardiff Oncology refers to as onvansertib. Onvansertib is an oral, investigative drug and a highly-selective adenosine triphosphate competitive inhibitor of the serine/threonine PLK1. The Company plans to develop onvansertib in patients with leukemias/lymphomas and solid tumor cancers. Upon execution of the agreement, the Company paid $2.0 million in license fees which were expensed to research and development costs. The Company was committed to order $1.0 million of future services provided by Nerviano, such as the cost to manufacture drug product, no later than June 30, 2019, and these services have been purchased. Terms of the agreement also provide for the Company to pay royalties based on certain development and sales milestones.

The Company is a party to various agreements under which it licenses technology on an exclusive basis in the field of human diagnostics and oncology therapeutics. License fees are generally calculated as a percentage of product revenues, with rates that vary by agreement. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, payments have not been material.

Litigation

Cardiff Oncology does not believe that it has legal liabilities that are probable or reasonably possible that require either accrual or disclosure. From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. As of the date of this report, management believes that there are no claims against the Company, which it believes will result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.

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Related Party Transactions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party TransactionsIn November 2018, the Company entered into a Material Transfer Agreement (“MTA”) with Leucadia Life Sciences (“Leucadia”) pursuant to which Leucadia will develop a PCR-based assay for onvansertib for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (“AML”). The Company’s Executive Chairman, Dr. Thomas Adams, is a principal stockholder of Leucadia. In connection with the MTA, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Tommy Adams, Co-Founder & Chief Operating Officer of Leucadia, who is the son of Dr. Adams. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 the Company incurred and recorded research and development expenses of approximately $253,000 and $258,000, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 the Company incurred and recorded approximately $529,000 and $503,000, respectively, for services performed by Leucadia and Tommy Adams.

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COVID-19

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Unusual or Infrequent Items, or Both [Abstract]

COVID-19

COVID-19

        The COVID-19 outbreak in the United States has caused significant business disruption. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on the Company's operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, and impact on the Company's clinical trials, employees and vendors, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. At this point, the extent to which COVID-19 may impact the Company's financial condition or results of operations is uncertain. A prolonged outbreak could have a material adverse impact on financial results and business operations of the Company, including the timing and ability of the Company to complete certain clinical trials and other efforts required to advance the development of its drugs and raise additional capital.

In response to the pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act, among other things, includes tax provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer’s social security payments, net operating loss utilization and carryback periods, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The Company is utilizing the deferment of employer social security payments. The CARES Act did not have a material impact on our income tax provision for the three or six months ended June 30, 2020. We continue to monitor changes and revisions of the CARES Act and its impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

        Small Business Administration Payroll Protection Program Loan

        On April 15, 2020, the Company was granted a loan (the “Loan”) from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the aggregate amount of $305,000, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under Division A, Title I of the CARES Act.

The Loan, which was in the form of a Note dated April 15, 2020 issued by us, matures on April 15, 2022 and bears interest at a rate of 0.98% per annum, payable monthly commencing on April 15, 2021. The Note may be prepaid by us at any time prior to maturity with no prepayment penalties. Funds from the Loan may only be used for payroll costs, rent, and utilities. We intend to use the entire Loan amount for qualifying expenses. Under the terms of the PPP, certain amounts of the Loan may be forgiven if they are used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act.

The application for these funds required the Company to, in good faith, certify that the current economic uncertainty made the loan request necessary to support the ongoing operations of the Company. This certification further required the Company to take into account our current business activity and our ability to access other sources of liquidity sufficient to support ongoing operations in a manner that is not significantly detrimental to the business. The certification made by the Company did not contain any objective criteria and is subject to interpretation. If, despite the good-faith belief that given the Company’s circumstances all eligibility requirements for the PPP were satisfied, it is later determined that the Company had violated any applicable laws or regulations or it is otherwise determined the Company was ineligible to receive the PPP, it may be required to repay the PPP in its entirety and/or be subject to additional penalties.

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Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Exercise of Series G Warrants

        In July 2020 we received net proceeds of approximately $2.3 million from the exercise of 1,600,000 Series G Warrants at $1.56 per share.

Exercise of Series F Warrants

In August 2020 we received net proceeds of approximately $0.6 million from the exercise of 300,000 Series F Warrants at $1.936 per share.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in net loss attributable to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementIn August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13 ("ASU 2018-13"), Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. The standard is effective for all entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has prospectively adopted ASU 2018-13 as of January 1, 2020 for periods presented after adoption. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(7,397,076)	$	(4,131,363)	$	(11,491,698)	$	(8,310,463)
Net loss used for basic and diluted loss per share	$	(7,397,076)	$	(4,131,363)	$	(11,491,698)	$	(8,310,463)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share	14,492,159		5,408,124		12,201,232		4,750,993
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.51)	$	(0.76)	$	(0.94)	$	(1.75)

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from the Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share

The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:

	June 30,
	2020	2019
Options to purchase Common Stock	1,924,039	1,033,274
Warrants to purchase Common Stock	12,329,435	4,404,185
Restricted Stock Units	2,241	14,187
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	877	877
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	3,548,459	—
	17,805,051	5,452,523

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of the Company’s Assets and Liabilities that are Measured and Recognized at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Classified Under the Appropriate Level of the Fair Value Hierarchy

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2020
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	27,706,506	$	—	$	—	$	27,706,506
Total Assets	$	27,706,506	$	—	$	—	$	27,706,506
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (2)	$	—	$	—	$	46,164	$	46,164
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	46,164	$	46,164

	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	10,131,240	$	—	$	—	$	10,131,240
Total Assets	$	10,131,240	$	—	$	—	$	10,131,240
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (2)	$	—	$	—	$	4,127	$	4,127
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	4,127	$	4,127

(1) Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying condensed balance sheets.

(2) A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments that trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3. See Note 6 to the condensed financial statements for further information.

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Property and Equipment (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:

	As of June 30, 2020		As of December 31, 2019
Furniture and office equipment	$	775,030	$	775,030
Leasehold improvements	1,962,230		1,962,230
Laboratory equipment	756,310		744,856
	3,493,570		3,482,116
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,838,203)		(2,604,293)
Property and equipment, net	$	655,367	$	877,823

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Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Lease Expense and Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	139,283	$	112,115	$	246,028	$	225,708
Operating sublease income	(72,793)		(99,937)		(145,587)		(199,874)
Net operating lease cost	$	66,490	$	12,178	$	100,441	$	25,834

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	236,385	$	229,574	$	469,463	$	455,938

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

	As of June 30, 2020			As of December 31, 2019
Operating lease ROU assets	$	501,894		$	697,418
Current operating lease liabilities	$	877,607		$	865,379
Non-current operating lease liabilities	429,776			860,963
Total operating lease liabilities	$	1,307,383		$	1,726,342
Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases	1.5 years			2.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases	6.5		%	6.5		%

Summary of Future Minimum Lease Payments

Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases		Sublease Income		Net Operating Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	$	395,916	$	(145,587)	$	250,329
2021	968,165		(291,173)		676,992
2022	5,868		—		5,868
2023	3,423		—		3,423
Total future minimum lease payments	1,373,372		$	(436,760)	$	936,612
Less imputed interest	(65,989)
Total	$	1,307,383

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants (Tables) - Black Scholes Option Pricing Method

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Derivative financial instruments

Schedule of Assumptions Used to Determine the Fair Value of the Warrants

The range of assumptions and weighted averages used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated were:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Range:
Estimated fair value of Cardiff Oncology common stock	$1.01 - $5.01		$2.50 - $3.75
Expected warrant term	2.6 - 3.1 years		3.6 - 4.1 years
Risk-free interest rate	0.17 - 1.62%		1.72 - 2.49%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	111 - 118%		102 - 106%
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%
	As of June 30, 2020
Weighted Average(1)(2):
Fair value of Cardiff Oncology common stock	$5.01
Expected warrant term	2.6 years
Risk-free interest rate	0.17	%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	118	%
Dividend yield	0	%

(1) Weighted average is only disclosed for periods after January 1, 2020 under the adoption of ASU 2018-13.

(2) The weighted average was calculated using the relative fair value method.

Schedule of Components of Changes in the Company’s Derivative Financial Instruments Liability Balance

The following table sets forth the components of changes in the Company’s derivative financial instruments—warrants liability balance, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing method, for the periods indicated.

Date	Description	Number of Warrants	Derivative Instrument Liability
December 31, 2019	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	64,496	$	4,127
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the period recognized as a loss in the condensed statements of operations	—	42,037
June 30, 2020	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	64,496	$	46,164

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense related to Cardiff Oncology equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Included in research and development expense	$	70,085	$	86,058	$	146,953	$	196,138
Included in selling, general and administrative expense	211,691		62,776		312,132		152,763
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	281,776	$	148,834	$	459,085	$	348,901

Schedule of Assumptions to Estimate Fair Value of Stock Option Awards

The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions during the following periods indicated:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Risk-free interest rate	0.44	%	1.8	%
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	105	%	95	%
Expected term	5.9 years		5.9 years

Summary of Stock Option Activity and of Changes in Stock Options Outstanding

A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:

	Total Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2019	1,015,418	$	12.77	$	—
Granted	969,965	$	2.53
Canceled / Forfeited	(46,069)	$	12.58
Expired	(15,275)	$	8.98
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2020	1,924,039	$	7.64	$	4,675,733
Exercisable at June 30, 2020	441,316	$	24.82	$	973,456

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity

A summary of the RSU activity is presented below:

	Total Restricted Stock Units	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Non-vested RSUs outstanding, December 31, 2019	11,301	$	15.38	$	14,013
Vested	(9,060)	$	10.89	$	13,763
Non-vested RSUs outstanding, June 30, 2020	2,241	$	33.49	$	11,227

Summary of Warrant Activity and Changes in Warrants Outstanding

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below:

	Total Warrants	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2019	10,589,482	$	4.08	3.7 years
Granted	5,831,451	$	1.70
Exercised	(4,091,498)	$	1.59
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2020	12,329,435	$	3.78	4.5 years

Schedule of Preferred Stock

A summary of our Company's classes of preferred stock is presented below:

						Shares outstanding
Class	Par value		Shares designated	Liquidation preference		As of June 30, 2020	As of December 31, 2019
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	277,100	$	606,000	60,600	60,600
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	8,860	None		—	—
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	200,000	None		—	—
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.0001	154,670	None		—	—
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	865,824	None		865,824	—

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Organization and Basis of Presentation (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 27,754,813	$ 10,195,292

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$ (7,397,076)	$ (4,131,363)	$ (11,491,698)	$ (8,310,463)
Net loss used for basic and diluted loss per share	$ (7,397,076)	$ (4,131,363)	$ (11,491,698)	$ (8,310,463)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share (in shares)	14,492,159	5,408,124	12,201,232	4,750,993
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.51)	$ (0.76)	$ (0.94)	$ (1.75)

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Antidilutive Securities (Details) - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	17,805,051	5,452,523
Options to purchase Common Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	1,924,039	1,033,274
Warrants to purchase Common Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	12,329,435	4,404,185
Restricted Stock Units
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	2,241	14,187
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	877	877
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	3,548,459	0

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Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (2)	$ 46,164	$ 4,127
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Recurring basis
Assets:
Money market fund	27,706,506	10,131,240
Total Assets	27,706,506	10,131,240
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (2)	46,164	4,127
Total Liabilities	46,164	4,127
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)
Assets:
Money market fund	27,706,506	10,131,240
Total Assets	27,706,506	10,131,240
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (2)	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Money market fund	0	0
Total Assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (2)	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement | Recurring basis | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market fund	0	0
Total Assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (2)	46,164	4,127
Total Liabilities	$ 46,164	$ 4,127

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Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	$ 3,493,570	$ 3,482,116
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,838,203)	(2,604,293)
Property and equipment, net	655,367	877,823
Furniture and office equipment
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	775,030	775,030
Leasehold improvements
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	1,962,230	1,962,230
Laboratory equipment
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	$ 756,310	$ 744,856

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Leases - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) renewal_option lease	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2019 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Monthly rent payments		$ 78,000
Annual rent increase, percentage		3.00%
Number of lease renewals | renewal_option		1
Renewal term	5 years	5 years
Number of subleases | lease		2
Decrease in operating lease right-of-use assets	$ (501,894)	$ (501,894)		$ (697,418)
Impairment loss	$ 34,169	$ 34,169	$ 0
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Decrease in operating lease right-of-use assets					$ (487,000)

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Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 139,283	$ 112,115	$ 246,028	$ 225,708
Operating sublease income	(72,793)	(99,937)	(145,587)	(199,874)
Net operating lease cost	$ 66,490	$ 12,178	$ 100,441	$ 25,834

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Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease ROU assets	$ 501,894	$ 697,418
Current operating lease liabilities	877,607	865,379
Non-current operating lease liabilities	429,776	860,963
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 1,307,383	$ 1,726,342
Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases	1 year 6 months	2 years
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases	6.50%	6.50%

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Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 236,385	$ 229,574	$ 469,463	$ 455,938

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Leases - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	$ 395,916
2021	968,165
2022	5,868
2023	3,423
Total future minimum lease payments	1,373,372
Less imputed interest	(65,989)
Total	1,307,383	$ 1,726,342
Sublease Income
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	(145,587)
2021	(291,173)
2022	0
2023	0
Total future minimum lease payments	(436,760)
Net Operating Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	250,329
2021	676,992
2022	5,868
2023	3,423
Total future minimum lease payments	$ 936,612

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) | shares			10,589,482
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) | shares	12,329,435		12,329,435
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the beginning of the period			$ 4,127
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the period recognized as a loss in the condensed statements of operations	$ (44,144)	$ 23,789	(42,037)	$ 14,028
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the end of the period	$ 46,164		$ 46,164
Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Weighted Average
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.01
Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) | shares			64,496
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) | shares	64,496		64,496
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the beginning of the period			$ 4,127
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the period recognized as a loss in the condensed statements of operations			42,037
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the end of the period	$ 46,164		$ 46,164
Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Minimum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 1.01	$ 2.50
Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Maximum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 5.01	$ 3.75
Expected warrant term | Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Weighted Average
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Expected warrant term	2 years 7 months 6 days		2 years 7 months 6 days
Expected warrant term | Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Minimum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Expected warrant term	2 years 7 months 6 days	3 years 7 months 6 days	2 years 7 months 6 days	3 years 7 months 6 days
Expected warrant term | Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Maximum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Expected warrant term	3 years 1 month 6 days	4 years 1 month 6 days	3 years 1 month 6 days	4 years 1 month 6 days
Risk-free interest rate | Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Weighted Average
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	0.0017		0.0017
Risk-free interest rate | Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Minimum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	0.0017	0.0172	0.0017	0.0172
Risk-free interest rate | Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Maximum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	0.0162	0.0249	0.0162	0.0249
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock | Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Weighted Average
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	1.18		1.18
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock | Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Minimum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	1.11	1.02	1.11	1.02
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock | Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method | Maximum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	1.18	1.06	1.18	1.06
Dividend yield | Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Weighted Average
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	0		0
Dividend yield | Warrants to purchase Common Stock | Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Measurement input	0		0		0

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Stockholders' Equity - Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Stock-based compensation expense
Total stock based compensation expense	$ 281,776	$ 148,834	$ 459,085	$ 348,901
Options vested, fair value			764,724	279,760
Research and Development Expense
Stock-based compensation expense
Total stock based compensation expense	70,085	86,058	146,953	196,138
Selling, general and administrative expense
Stock-based compensation expense
Total stock based compensation expense	211,691	62,776	312,132	152,763
Options to purchase Common Stock
Stock-based compensation expense
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 2,732,126	$ 1,735,973	$ 2,732,126	$ 1,735,973
Weighted-average remaining vesting period for recognition			2 years 4 months 24 days	2 years 6 months
Options outstanding, weighted average contractual life			9 years 4 months 24 days

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Stockholders' Equity - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Apr. 16, 2020	Apr. 15, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 06, 2019	Jun. 05, 2019
Options to purchase Common Stock
Weighted-average assumptions
Risk-free interest rate	0.44%	1.80%
Dividend yield (as a percent)	0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	105.00%	95.00%
Expected term	5 years 10 months 24 days	5 years 10 months 24 days
Number of Options
Balance outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	1,015,418
Granted (in shares)	969,965
Cancelled / Forfeited (in shares)	(46,069)
Expired (in shares)	(15,275)
Balance outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	1,924,039
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares)	441,316
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Balance outstanding at the beginning of the period (in USD per share)	$ 12.77
Granted (in USD per share)	2.53
Canceled / Forfeited (in USD per share)	12.58
Expired (in USD per share)	8.98
Balance outstanding at the end of the period (in USD per share)	7.64
Exercisable at the end of the period (in USD per share)	$ 24.82
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures
Options outstanding, intrinsic value	$ 4,675,733				$ 0
Vested and exercisable at the end of the period, intrinsic value	$ 973,456
2014 EIP
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures
Authorized shares under the plan (in shares)			1,243,056	2,243,056		1,243,056	243,056
Number of remaining shares available for issuance (in shares)	258,497

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Stockholders' Equity - Restricted Stock Units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Total Restricted Stock Units
Non-vested at beginning of period (in shares)	11,301
Vested (in shares)	(9,060)
Non-vested at end of period (in shares)	2,241
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested, weighted average grant date fair value at end of period (in USD per share)	$ 15.38
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	10.89
Nonvested, weighted average grant date fair value at end of period (in USD per share)	$ 33.49
Equity instruments other than options, aggregate intrinsic value, nonvested	$ 11,227		$ 14,013
Equity instruments other than options, aggregate intrinsic value, vested	13,763
Equity instruments other than options, vested in period, fair value	$ 98,703	$ 147,516

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Stockholders' Equity - Warrants (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020
Number of Warrants
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)		12,329,435
Granted (in shares)		5,831,451
Exercised (in shares)		(4,091,498)
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	10,589,482	10,589,482
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the beginning of the period (in USD per share)	$ 4.08	$ 4.08
Granted (in USD per share)		1.70
Exercised (in USD per share)		1.59
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the end of the period (in USD per share)		$ 3.78
Term
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term	3 years 8 months 12 days	4 years 6 months

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Stockholders' Equity - Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 15, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares designated (in shares)	20,000,000		20,000,000
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Shares designated (in shares)	277,100
Liquidation preference	$ 606,000
Shares outstanding (in shares)	60,600		60,600
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Shares designated (in shares)	8,860
Shares outstanding (in shares)	0		0
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Shares designated (in shares)	200,000
Shares outstanding (in shares)	0		0
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Shares designated (in shares)	154,670
Shares outstanding (in shares)	0		0
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 10
Shares designated (in shares)	865,824
Shares outstanding (in shares)	865,824		0

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Stockholders' Equity - Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	May 08, 2020	Jan. 25, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 15, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)							5,831,451
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)									$ 3.05
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)			1,546,700	333,333
Service receivable		$ 1,675,000	$ 2,765,164		$ 2,765,164		$ 2,765,164			$ 971,673
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	$ 2,700,000
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)			0		0		0			0
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance		300,000			$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 268,269
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Amount financed under agreement	$ 2,300,000	$ 1,675,000
Warrants granted (in shares)		150,000
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)	$ 1.50	$ 3.762
Common Stock | Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)	602,833	183,334
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)		1.67
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares converted (in shares)				200,000
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock | Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)		200,000
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares converted (in shares)			154,670
Service receivable	$ 2,300,000
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	$ 600,000
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock | Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)	154,670

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Stockholders' Equity - Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended
	May 08, 2020	Jan. 25, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Jun. 15, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares called by warrants (in shares)					2,213,115
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)					$ 3.05
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)			1,546,700	333,333
Service receivable		$ 1,675,000	$ 2,765,164			$ 971,673
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	$ 2,700,000
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares converted (in shares)			154,670
Service receivable	2,300,000
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	600,000
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Amount financed under agreement	$ 2,300,000	$ 1,675,000
Number of shares called by warrants (in shares)	859,813
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)	$ 1.50	$ 3.762
Private Placement | Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)	602,833	183,334
Private Placement | Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)	154,670

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Stockholders' Equity - Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)								3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 15, 2020	May 26, 2020	May 14, 2020	May 11, 2020	May 08, 2020	Apr. 09, 2020	Mar. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Jan. 25, 2019
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued (in shares)		1,205,400	146,854	447,761		904,970	800,000
Number of shares called by warrants (in shares)	2,213,115
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)	$ 3.05
Months until exercisable					6 months
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance					$ 2,700,000
Warrants issued (in shares)	184,426
Expiration term					5 years 6 months
Warrants, fair value	$ 370,666							$ 370,666
Series N Warrant
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)	$ 2.39
Months until exercisable					6 months
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Par value (in dollars per share)	10							$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.44
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)								865,824		865,824		0
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Convertible Preferred Stock issuance								$ 2,664,717	$ 0	$ 2,664,717	$ 0
Registered Direct Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued (in shares)	1,984,328
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares called by warrants (in shares)					859,813
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)					$ 1.50								$ 3.762
Private Placement | Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued (in shares)	865,824

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Stockholders' Equity - Securities Purchase Agreement (Details) - USD ($)							3 Months Ended
	May 26, 2020	May 14, 2020	May 11, 2020	May 08, 2020	Apr. 09, 2020	Mar. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	[1]	Jun. 15, 2020
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued (in shares)	1,205,400	146,854	447,761		904,970	800,000
Number of shares called by warrants (in shares)									2,213,115
Months until exercisable				6 months
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)									$ 3.05
Expiration term				5 years 6 months
Proceeds from sale of stock	$ 2,500,000	$ 810,000			$ 1,100,000	$ 1,000,000.0	$ 17,278,428
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share)		$ 1.43	$ 1.34
Series I Warrant
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares called by warrants (in shares)						131,967
Series J Warrant
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares called by each warrant						1
Months until exercisable						6 months
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)						$ 0.948
Expiration term						5 years 6 months
Series K Warrant
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares called by warrants (in shares)					255,000
Series L Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares called by each warrant					1
Months until exercisable					6 months
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)					$ 0.81
Expiration term					5 years 6 months
Series M Warrant
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares called by warrants (in shares)	482,160
Months until exercisable	6 months
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)	$ 2.024
Expiration term	5 years 6 months

[1] Net of expenses of $616,143, and fair value of warrants issued as a transaction advisory fee as of the date of issuance of $370,666.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Nerviano - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 13, 2017
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Other commitment		$ 1.0
Licensing Agreements
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Research and development expense	$ 2.0

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Affiliated Entity
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Research and development expense	$ 253	$ 258	$ 529	$ 503

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COVID-19 (Details) - Paycheck Protection Program	Apr. 15, 2020 USD ($)
Unusual or Infrequent Item, or Both [Line Items]
Note payable	$ 305,000
Interest rate	0.98%

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Aug. 11, 2020	Jul. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Aug. 06, 2020	Jun. 15, 2020
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from warrant exercise			$ 6,125,884	$ 3,283,830
Warrants exercised (in shares)			4,091,498
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)						$ 3.05
Series G Warrant | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from warrant exercise		$ 2,300,000
Warrants exercised (in shares)		1,600,000
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)		$ 1.56
Series F Warrant | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from warrant exercise	$ 600,000
Warrants exercised (in shares)	300,000
Exercise price of warrants (in USD per share)					$ 1.936