10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-31666

First Advantage Corporation

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Delaware	84-3884690
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1 Concourse Parkway NE, Suite 200 Atlanta, GA	30328
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(888) 314-9761

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

    Title of each class

    Trading
Symbol(s)

    Name of each exchange on which registered

    Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share

    FA

    The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 2, 2024, the registrant had 145,407,414 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents


		Page

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	2

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	5
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	37

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	37
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	38
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	38
Item 5.	Other Information	38
Item 6.	Exhibits	39
Signatures		40

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

First Advantage Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)


(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	269,563		$	213,774
Restricted cash		86			138
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,179 and $1,036 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)		130,768			142,690
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		19,707			13,426
Income tax receivable		7,101			3,710
Total current assets		427,225			373,738
Property and equipment, net		63,463			79,441
Goodwill		819,136			820,654
Trade names, net		62,571			66,229
Customer lists, net		250,397			275,528
Other intangible assets, net		2,018			2,257
Deferred tax asset, net		2,872			2,786
Other assets		8,268			10,021
TOTAL ASSETS	$	1,635,950		$	1,630,654
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	55,486		$	47,024
Accrued compensation		17,422			16,379
Accrued liabilities		20,641			16,162
Current portion of operating lease liability		2,984			3,354
Income tax payable		331			264
Deferred revenues		2,234			1,856
Total current liabilities		99,098			85,039
Long-term debt (net of deferred financing costs of $5,352 and $6,268 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)		559,372			558,456
Deferred tax liability, net		56,508			71,274
Operating lease liability, less current portion		4,964			5,931
Other liabilities		2,697			3,221
Total liabilities		722,639			723,921
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 12)
EQUITY
Common stock - $0.001 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 145,324,615 and 145,074,802 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		145			145
Additional paid-in-capital		987,986			977,290
Accumulated deficit		(50,592	)		(49,545	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(24,228	)		(21,157	)
Total equity		913,311			906,733
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$	1,635,950		$	1,630,654

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

First Advantage Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2024			2023		2024			2023
REVENUES	$	184,546		$	185,315	$	353,962		$	360,835

OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization below)		92,348			92,997		179,540			184,058
Product and technology expense		13,677			12,643		26,143			25,267
Selling, general, and administrative expense		38,640			29,982		79,302			58,664
Depreciation and amortization		29,978			32,056		59,800			63,922
Total operating expenses		174,643			167,678		344,785			331,911
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS		9,903			17,637		9,177			28,924

OTHER EXPENSE, NET:
Interest expense, net		7,353			3,887		10,923			12,568
Total other expense, net		7,353			3,887		10,923			12,568
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES		2,550			13,750		(1,746	)		16,356
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		689			3,968		(699	)		4,649
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	1,861		$	9,782	$	(1,047	)	$	11,707

Foreign currency translation (loss) income		(1,298	)		218		(3,071	)		1,087
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	$	563		$	10,000	$	(4,118	)	$	12,794

NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	1,861		$	9,782	$	(1,047	)	$	11,707
Basic net income (loss) per share	$	0.01		$	0.07	$	(0.01	)	$	0.08
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.01		$	0.07	$	(0.01	)	$	0.08
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic		143,863,667			144,112,028		143,727,612			144,982,459
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted		145,856,112			145,338,920		143,727,612			146,894,790

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

First Advantage Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024			2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net (loss) income	$	(1,047	)	$	11,707
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		59,800			63,922
Amortization of deferred financing costs		916			927
Bad debt (recovery) expense		(156	)		138
Deferred taxes		(14,601	)		(3,057	)
Share-based compensation		9,799			5,659
Loss on foreign currency exchange rates		—			4
(Gain) loss on disposal of fixed assets and impairment of ROU assets		(26	)		2,125
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps		(9,177	)		(1,235	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		11,919			4,034
Prepaid expenses and other assets		2,245			5,335
Accounts payable		7,565			(3,035	)
Accrued compensation and accrued liabilities		7,203			(8,847	)
Deferred revenues		373			248
Operating lease liabilities		(467	)		(460	)
Other liabilities		(626	)		304
Income taxes receivable and payable, net		(3,348	)		(6,047	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		70,372			71,722
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capitalized software development costs		(12,894	)		(12,434	)
Purchases of property and equipment		(970	)		(688	)
Other investing activities		52			(196	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(13,812	)		(13,318	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plans		1,197			2,104
Payments on deferred purchase agreements		(469	)		(469	)
Net settlement of share-based compensation plan awards		(311	)		(211	)
Cash dividends paid		(204	)		—
Share repurchases		—			(52,334	)
Payments on finance lease obligations		—			(74	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		213			(50,984	)
Effect of exchange rate on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(1,036	)		(30	)
Increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		55,737			7,390
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period		213,912			391,796
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	269,649		$	399,186

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received	$	17,158		$	13,797
Cash paid for interest	$	23,887		$	21,933
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Property and equipment acquired on account	$	1,030		$	73
Non-cash property and equipment additions	$	540		$	—
Excise taxes on share repurchases incurred but not paid	$	—		$	522

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

First Advantage Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)


(in thousands)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In-Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders’ Equity
BALANCE – December 31, 2023	$	145	$	977,290		$	(49,545	)	$	(21,157	)	$	906,733
Share-based compensation		—		4,751			—			—			4,751
Forfeitures of previously declared cash dividends		—		6			—			—			6
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plans		0		976			—			—			976
Common stock withheld for tax obligations on restricted stock unit and option settlement	(0)			(41	)		—			—			(41	)
Foreign currency translation		—		—			—			(1,773	)		(1,773	)
Net loss		—		—			(2,908	)		—			(2,908	)
BALANCE – March 31, 2024	$	145	$	982,982		$	(52,453	)	$	(22,930	)	$	907,744
Share-based compensation		—		5,048			—			—			5,048
Forfeitures of previously declared cash dividends		—		5			—			—			5
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plans		0		221			—			—			221
Common stock withheld for tax obligations on restricted stock unit and option settlement	(0)			(270	)		—			—			(270	)
Foreign currency translation		—		—			—			(1,298	)		(1,298	)
Net income		—		—			1,861			—			1,861
BALANCE – June 30, 2024	$	145	$	987,986		$	(50,592	)	$	(24,228	)	$	913,311


(in thousands)	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In-Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders’ Equity
BALANCE – December 31, 2022	$	149		$	1,176,163		$	(27,363	)	$	(22,331	)	$	1,126,618
Share-based compensation		—			2,058			—			—			2,058
Repurchases of common stock		(2	)		—			(25,515	)		—			(25,517	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plans		0			1,399			—			—			1,399
Common stock withheld for tax obligations on restricted stock unit and option settlement		0			(25	)		—			—			(25	)
Foreign currency translation		—			—			—			869			869
Net income		—			—			1,925			—			1,925
BALANCE – March 31, 2023	$	147		$	1,179,595		$	(50,953	)	$	(21,462	)	$	1,107,327
Share-based compensation		—			3,601			—			—			3,601
Repurchases of common stock		(2	)		—			(27,337	)		—			(27,339	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plans		0			705			—			—			705
Common stock withheld for tax obligations on restricted stock unit and option settlement		0			(186	)		—			—			(186	)
Foreign currency translation		—			—			—			218			218
Net income		—			—			9,782			—			9,782
BALANCE – June 30, 2023	$	145		$	1,183,715		$	(68,508	)	$	(21,244	)	$	1,094,108

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

First Advantage Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Organization, Nature of Business, and Basis of Presentation

First Advantage Corporation, a Delaware corporation, was formed on November 15, 2019. Hereafter, First Advantage Corporation and its subsidiaries will collectively be referred to as the “Company.”

The Company derives its revenues from a variety of background check and compliance services performed across all phases of the workforce lifecycle from pre-onboarding services to post-onboarding and ongoing monitoring services, covering employees, contractors, contingent workers, tenants, and drivers. We generally classify our service offerings into three categories: pre-onboarding, post-onboarding, and adjacent products.

Pre-onboarding services are comprised of an extensive array of products and solutions that customers typically utilize to enhance their evaluation process and support compliance from the time a job or other application is submitted to a successful applicant’s onboarding date. This includes searches such as criminal background checks, drug / health screenings, extended workforce screening, biometrics and identity checks, education / workforce verification, driver records and compliance, healthcare credentials, and executive screening.

Post-onboarding services are comprised of continuous monitoring and re-screening solutions, which are important tools to help keep their end customers, workforces, and other stakeholders safer, more productive, and more compliant. Our post-monitoring solutions include criminal records, healthcare sanctions, motor vehicle records, social media, and global sanctions screening continuously or at regular intervals selected by our customers.

Adjacent products include products that complement our pre-onboarding and post-onboarding products and solutions. This includes fleet / vehicle compliance, hiring tax credits and incentives, resident / tenant screening, employment eligibility, and investigative research.

Basis of Presentation —The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The Company includes the results of operations of acquired companies prospectively from the date of acquisition.

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited, but in the opinion of management, such financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to summarize fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The interim results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements should not be taken as indicative of results that may be expected for future interim periods or the full year. For a more comprehensive understanding of the Company and its condensed consolidated financial statements, these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company has historically experienced seasonality with respect to certain customer industries as a result of fluctuations in hiring volumes and other economic activities. Generally, the Company’s highest revenues have historically occurred between October and November of each year, driven by many customers’ pre-holiday season hiring initiatives.

Use of Estimates — The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Changes in these estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.

Significant estimates, judgments, and assumptions, include, but are not limited to, the determination of the fair value and useful lives of assets acquired and liabilities assumed through business combinations, goodwill impairment, revenue recognition, capitalized software, assumptions used for purposes of determining share-based compensation, and income tax liabilities and assets. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Fair Value of Financial Instruments — Certain financial assets and liabilities are reported at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement. ASC 820 establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The valuation techniques required by ASC 820 are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect internal market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 — Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable (supported by little or no market activities). These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that reflect the Company’s best estimate of fair value from a market participant.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these financial instruments (Level 1). The fair values and carrying values of the Company’s long-term debt are disclosed in Note 6.

The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their assigned levels within the valuation hierarchy as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):


	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	4,602	$	—

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Other intangible assets are subject to nonrecurring fair value measurement as the result of business acquisitions. The fair values of these assets were estimated using the present value of expected future cash flows through unobservable inputs (Level 3).

Business Combinations— The Company records business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method of accounting, identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their acquisition-date fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value is recorded as goodwill. Changes in the estimated fair values of net assets recorded for acquisitions prior to the finalization of more detailed analysis, but not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, will adjust the amount of the purchase price allocable to goodwill. Measurement period adjustments are reflected in the period in which they occur.

In valuing the trade names, customer lists, and software developed for internal use, the Company utilizes variations of the income approach, which relies on historical financial and qualitative information, as well as assumptions and estimates for projected financial information. The Company considers the income approach the most appropriate valuation technique because the inherent value of these assets is their ability to generate current and future income. Projected financial information is subject to risk if estimates are incorrect. The most significant estimate relates to projected revenues and profitability. If the projected revenues and profitability used in the valuation calculations are not met, then the asset could be impaired.

Concentrations of Credit Risk — Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash is deposited with major financial institutions and, at times, such balances with each financial institution may be in excess of insured limits. The Company has not experienced, and does not anticipate, any losses with respect to its cash deposits. Accounts receivable represent credit granted to customers for services provided. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. The Company had one customer which represented approximately 11% of its consolidated revenues during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company had one customer which represented approximately 11% and 10% of its consolidated revenues during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Additionally, the Company did not have any customers which represented 10% or more of its consolidated accounts receivable, net for any period presented.

The Company has entered into interest rate derivative agreements with a counterparty bank to reduce its exposure to interest rate volatility. The Company has determined the counterparty bank to be a high credit quality institution. The Company does not enter into financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Foreign Currency — The functional currency of all of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the applicable local currency. The translation of the applicable foreign currencies into U.S. dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts using current exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for revenues and expense accounts using average exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal year. Adjustments resulting from the translation of foreign currency financial statements are accumulated net of tax in a separate component of equity. Currency translation (loss) income included in accumulated other comprehensive loss was approximately $(1.3) million and $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Currency translation (loss) income included in accumulated other comprehensive loss was approximately $(3.1) million and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, except for those relating to intercompany transactions of a long-term investment nature, which are captured in a separate component of equity as accumulated other comprehensive loss. Currency transaction income (loss) included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) was approximately $0.6 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Currency transaction income (loss) included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income was approximately $0.6 million and $(0.3) million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements — There were no accounting pronouncements issued during the six months ended June 30, 2024 that are expected to have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 3. Acquisitions

Pending Acquisition of Sterling Check Corp.

On February 28, 2024, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among First Advantage, Sterling Check Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Sterling”), and Starter Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of First Advantage (“Merger Sub”). The Merger Agreement provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, Merger Sub will be merged with and into Sterling, with Sterling continuing as the surviving corporation in such merger and becoming an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of First Advantage. The cash-and-stock transaction (the “Acquisition”) valued Sterling at approximately $2.2 billion as of the date of the Merger Agreement.

The Acquisition is subject to satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions, including, among others, adoption of the Merger Agreement by Sterling stockholders (which approval has been obtained), the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act of 1976 (the “HSR Act”) and the effectiveness of a registration statement on Form S-4 filed by First Advantage in connection with the Acquisition (which registration statement was declared effective on June 11, 2024).

On May 28, 2024, First Advantage and Sterling each received a request for additional information and documentary materials (a “Second Request”) from the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) in connection with the DOJ’s review of the proposed transaction contemplated by the Merger Agreement. The Second Request was issued under the notification requirements of the HSR Act. The effect of the Second Request is to extend the waiting period imposed under the HSR Act until 30 days after First Advantage and Sterling have substantially complied with the Second Request, unless that period is extended voluntarily by the parties or terminated sooner by the DOJ. The parties have been working cooperatively with the DOJ to bring its review of the proposed transaction to a close as expeditiously as possible and will continue to do so. The proposed transaction remains subject to the expiration or termination of the waiting period applicable to the proposed transaction under the HSR Act and the satisfaction or waiver of the other closing conditions contained in the Merger Agreement.

2023 Acquisition

On September 1, 2023, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interest of a digital identity and biometrics solutions company headquartered in New York, for $41.0 million. The acquired company operates under the trade name Infinite ID. The acquisition expands the Company’s network and portfolio of identity solutions in the United States. The acquired company was determined to constitute a business and the Company was deemed to be the acquirer under ASC 805. The Company recorded a preliminary allocation of the purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of September 1, 2023. The allocation was finalized as of June 30, 2024 with an immaterial adjustment recorded related to the valuation of deferred taxes.

The allocation of the purchase price is based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the amounts recognized for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):


Consideration
Cash purchase price	$	41,000
Other transaction adjustments		97
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	41,097
Current assets	$	1,335
Property and equipment, including software developed for internal use		5,959
Trade name		2,300
Customer lists		3,800
Other intangible assets		2,400
Other assets		236
Total liabilities		(1,084	)
Total identifiable net assets	$	14,946
Goodwill	$	26,151

Goodwill recognized is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Results of operations have been included in the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company’s Americas segment since the date of acquisition. The acquisition is not material to the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2024 or results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and therefore, pro forma operating results and other disclosures for the acquisition is not presented.

Note 4. Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Furniture and equipment	$	27,381		$	26,576
Capitalized software for internal use, acquired by business combination		232,367			232,505
Capitalized software for internal use, developed internally or otherwise purchased		100,516			86,704
Leasehold improvements		2,807			2,275
Total property and equipment		363,071			348,060
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(299,608	)		(268,619	)
Property and equipment, net	$	63,463		$	79,441

Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment was approximately $15.7 million and $16.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment was approximately $31.3 million and $33.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 5. Goodwill, Trade Names, Customer Lists and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2024 by reportable segment were as follows (in thousands):


	Americas			International			Total
Balance – December 31, 2023	$	703,797		$	116,857		$	820,654
Adjustments to initial purchase price allocations		(368	)		—			(368	)
Foreign currency translation		(55	)		(1,095	)		(1,150	)
Balance – June 30, 2024	$	703,374		$	115,762		$	819,136

The following summarizes the gross carrying value and accumulated amortization for the Company’s trade names, customer lists, and other intangible assets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2024
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Useful Life (in years)
Trade names	$	96,182	$	(33,611	)	$	62,571	20 years
Customer lists		519,343		(268,946	)		250,397	13-14 years
Other intangible assets		2,400		(382	)		2,018	5 years
Total	$	617,925	$	(302,939	)	$	314,986


	December 31, 2023
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Useful Life (in years)
Trade names	$	96,321	$	(30,092	)	$	66,229	20 years
Customer lists		520,105		(244,577	)		275,528	13-14 years
Other intangible assets		2,400		(143	)		2,257	5 years
Total	$	618,826	$	(274,812	)	$	344,014

Amortization expense of trade names, customer lists, and other intangible assets was approximately $14.3 million and $15.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense of trade names, customer lists, and other intangible assets was approximately $28.5 million and $30.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Trade names and customer lists are amortized on an accelerated basis based upon their estimated useful life. Other intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line or accelerated basis over their expected useful life of five years.

Note 6. Long-term Debt

The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt obligation approximated its book value as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
First Lien Credit Facility	$	564,724		$	564,724
Less: Deferred financing costs		(5,352	)		(6,268	)
Long-term debt, net	$	559,372		$	558,456

The Company is a party to a First Lien Credit Agreement (as amended, “Credit Agreement”), which provides for a term loan of $766.6 million due January 31, 2027, carrying an interest rate of 2.75% to 3.00%, based on the first lien ratio, plus LIBOR (“First Lien Credit Facility”) and a $100.0 million revolving credit facility due July 31, 2026 (“Revolver”). Pursuant to an amendment in June 2023, the reference rate under the Credit Agreement was transitioned from LIBOR (the London Interbank Offer Rate) to SOFR (the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York), with the addition of an applicable margin. The Credit Agreement is collateralized by substantially all assets and capital stock owned by direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and are governed by certain restrictive covenants including limitations on indebtedness, liens, and other corporate actions such as investments and acquisitions. In the event the Company’s outstanding indebtedness under the Revolver exceeds 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the revolving commitments then in effect, it is required to maintain a consolidated first lien leverage ratio no greater than 7.75 to 1.00. As of June 30, 2024, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Revolver and $564.7 million outstanding under the First Lien Credit Facility. As the Company had no outstanding amounts under the Revolver, it was not subject to the consolidated first lien leverage ratio covenant. The Company was compliant with all other covenants under the agreement as of June 30, 2024.

In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, on February 28, 2024, First Advantage Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of the Company (the “Borrower”), entered into a commitment letter with certain financial institutions that committed to provide, subject to the terms and conditions of the commitment letter, an incremental term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $1.820 billion and incremental revolving commitments in an aggregate principal amount of $150 million, in each case, under the Credit Agreement. Such financial institutions also agreed to extend the maturity date of the Revolver from July 31, 2026 to the date that is the fifth anniversary of the closing date of the Acquisition.

Note 7. Derivatives

To reduce exposure to variability in expected future cash outflows on variable rate debt attributable to the changes in one-month LIBOR, the Company has historically entered into interest rate derivative instruments to economically offset a portion of this risk and may do so in the future. In June 2023, the Company transitioned the reference rate for its interest rate derivative agreements from one-month LIBOR to one-month SOFR.

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had the following outstanding derivatives that were not designated as a hedge in qualifying hedging relationships:


Product	Effective Date	Maturity Date	Notional	Rate
Interest rate swap(a)	June 30, 2023	February 28, 2026	$100.0 million	4.32%
Interest rate swap	December 29, 2023	December 31, 2026	$150.0 million	3.86%
Interest rate swap	March 1, 2024	December 31, 2026	$150.0 million	3.76%

(a)

In conjunction with the June 2023 transition of the reference rate from LIBOR to SOFR, the fixed rate was reduced from 4.36% to 4.32%.

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements; however, the Company has not elected to apply hedge accounting for these instruments.

The following is a summary of location and fair value of the financial positions recorded related to the derivative instruments (in thousands):


		Fair Value
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Balance Sheet Location	As of June 30, 2024		As of December 31, 2023
Interest rate collars	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	—	$	1,986
Interest rate swaps	Accrued liabilities	$	—	$	1,576
Interest rate swaps	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	4,602	$	—

The following is a summary of location and amount of gains recorded related to the derivative instruments (in thousands):


		Gain
		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Income Statement Location	2024		2023		2024		2023
Interest rate collars	Interest expense, net	$	—	$	1,204	$	951	$	769
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense, net	$	2,132	$	1,910	$	8,226	$	466

Note 8. Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expense and balance sheet accounts reflect the results of the Company and its subsidiaries.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company estimated the annual effective tax rate based on projected income for the full year and recorded a quarterly tax provision in accordance with the annual effective tax rate and adjusted for discrete tax items in the period.

The effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was 27.0% and 40.0%, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was higher than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to nondeductible share-based compensation and U.S. state income taxes.

The effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was 28.9% and 28.4%, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was higher than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due to the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) inclusion, nondeductible share-based compensation, and U.S. state income taxes.

Note 9. Revenues

Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are recognized at a point in time when the orders are completed and the completed reports are reported, or otherwise made available. For revenues delivered over time, the output method is utilized to measure the value to the customer based on the transfer to date of the services promised, with no rights of return once consumed. In these cases, revenues on transactional contracts with a defined price but an undefined quantity is recognized utilizing the right to invoice expedient resulting in revenues being recognized when the service is provided and becomes billable. Additionally, under this practical expedient, the Company is not required to estimate the transaction price.

The Company considers negotiated and anticipated incentives and estimated adjustments, including historical collections experience, when recording revenues.

The Company’s contracts with customers generally include standard commercial payment terms acceptable in each region, and do not include any financing components. The Company does not have any significant obligations for refunds, warranties, or similar obligations. The Company records revenues net of sales taxes.

Contract balances are generated when the revenues recognized in a given period varies from billing. A contract asset is created when the Company performs a service for a customer and recognizes more revenues than what has been billed. The contract asset balance was $5.7 million and $4.8 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is included in accounts receivable, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

A contract liability is created when the Company transfers a good or service to a customer and recognizes less than what has been billed. The Company recognizes these contract liabilities as deferred revenues when the Company has an obligation to perform services for a customer in the future and has already received consideration from the customer. The contract liability balance was $2.2 million and $1.9 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is included in deferred revenues in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. An immaterial amount of revenues was recognized in the current period related to the beginning balance of deferred revenues.

For additional disclosures about the disaggregation of our revenues, see Note 15, “Reportable Segments.”

Note 10. Share-based Compensation

Share-based compensation expense is recognized in cost of services, product and technology expense, and selling, general, and administrative expense, in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Share-based compensation expense
Cost of services	$	410	$	313	$	767	$	588
Product and technology expense		683		568		1,337		1,025
Selling, general, and administrative expense		3,955		2,720		7,695		4,046
Total share-based compensation expense	$	5,048	$	3,601	$	9,799	$	5,659

Prior to the IPO, all share-based awards were issued by Fastball Holdco, L.P., the Company’s previous parent company, under individual grant agreements and the partnership agreement of such parent company (collectively, the “the 2020 Equity Plan”). In connection with the IPO, the Company adopted the 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended by the First Amendment, dated as of May 10, 2023, the “2021 Equity Plan”).

In May 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a modification of the vesting terms of outstanding unvested and unearned performance-based options, restricted stock units, and restricted stock (collectively, “Performance Awards”) previously issued under its equity plans. The modification, effective May 10, 2023, allowed for unvested and unearned Performance Awards outstanding as of the date of the modification, to vest based on time on the fourth, fifth, and sixth anniversaries of the relevant vesting commencement date, as set forth in each grant agreement (the “Vesting Commencement Date”), while preserving the eligibility to vest upon the Company’s investors receiving a targeted money-on-money return, subject to continued service.

In connection with the Company’s declaration of a one-time special dividend in August 2023, the exercise price of outstanding stock option awards and stock purchases under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) was reduced by $1.50, in accordance with the non-discretionary anti-dilution provisions of the equity and stock purchase plans.

2020 Equity Plan

Awards issued under the 2020 Equity Plan consist of options and profit interests. No awards have been issued under the plan since the Company’s IPO.

A summary of the stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024 is as follows:


		Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
December 31, 2023	Grants outstanding		1,915,252		$	5.15
	Grants exercised		(51,916	)	$	5.46
	Grants cancelled/forfeited		(16,978	)	$	5.11
June 30, 2024	Grants outstanding		1,846,358		$	5.15	5.7 Years	$20.2 million
June 30, 2024	Grants vested		823,498		$	5.12	5.6 Years	$9.0 million
June 30, 2024	Grants unvested		1,022,860		$	5.18

2021 Equity Plan

The 2021 Equity Plan is intended to provide a means through which to attract and retain key personnel and to provide a means whereby our directors, officers, employees, consultants, and advisors can acquire and maintain an equity interest in us, or be paid incentive compensation, including incentive compensation measured by reference to the value of our common stock, thereby strengthening their commitment to our welfare and aligning their interests with those of our stockholders. The 2021 Equity Plan provides for the grant of awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, and other equity-based or cash-based awards as determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee. The 2021 Equity Plan initially had a total of 17,525,000 shares of common stock reserved. The number of reserved shares automatically increases on the first day of each calendar year commencing on January 1, 2022 and ending on January 1, 2030, in an amount equal to the lesser of (x) 2.5% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (y) a number of shares as determined by the Board of Directors. As of June 30, 2024, 20,048,521 shares were available for issuance under the 2021 Equity Plan.

Stock Options

A summary of the stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024 is as follows:


		Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
December 31, 2023	Grants outstanding		4,686,659		$	13.61
	Grants issued		162,640		$	15.82
	Grants exercised		(19,624	)	$	14.14
	Grants cancelled/forfeited		(65,729	)	$	13.73
June 30, 2024	Grants outstanding		4,763,946		$	13.68	7.4 Years	$11.4 million
June 30, 2024	Grants vested		2,365,286		$	13.63	7.2 Years	$5.8 million
June 30, 2024	Grants unvested		2,398,660		$	13.73

The fair value for stock options granted for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:


	Options
Expected stock price volatility		34.99	%
Risk-free interest rate		4.25	%
Expected term (in years)		6.25
Fair-value of the underlying unit	$	15.82

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the restricted stock units (“RSU”) activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024 is as follows:


		Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
December 31, 2023	Nonvested RSUs		507,143		$	15.10
	Granted		218,417		$	15.94
	Vested		(136,792	)	$	14.44
	Forfeited		(23,325	)	$	14.86
June 30, 2024	Nonvested RSUs		565,443		$	15.59

Restricted Stock

A summary of the restricted stock activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024 is as follows:


		Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
December 31, 2023	Nonvested restricted stock		1,954,630		$	8.50
	Vested		(586,927	)	$	7.73
June 30, 2024	Nonvested restricted stock		1,367,703		$	9.16

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had approximately $32.2 million of unrecognized pre-tax non-cash compensation expense, comprised of approximately $10.3 million related to restricted stock, $7.8 million related to RSUs, and approximately $14.1 million related to stock options, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of 1.2 years.

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company adopted the ESPP, which allows eligible employees to voluntarily make after-tax contributions of up to 15% of such employee’s cash compensation to acquire Company stock during designated offering periods. Each offering period consists of one six-month purchase period. During the holding period, ESPP purchased shares are not eligible for sale or broker transfer. The Company recorded an associated expense of approximately $0.2 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company recorded an associated expense of approximately $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 11. Equity

Preferred Stock

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 250,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock were authorized, and no Preferred Stock was issued or outstanding.

Share Repurchase Program

The Company did not repurchase any shares of common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2024, the remaining authorized value of shares available to be repurchased under the Repurchase Program was approximately $80.5 million. In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, the Company suspended purchases under its Repurchase Program.

Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies

There have been no material changes to the Company’s contractual obligations as compared to December 31, 2023.

The Company is involved in litigation from time to time in the ordinary course of business. At times, the Company, given the nature of its background screening business, could become subject to lawsuits, or potential class action lawsuits, in multiple jurisdictions, related to claims brought primarily by consumers or individuals who were the subject of its screening services.

For all pending matters, the Company believes it has meritorious defenses and intends to defend vigorously or otherwise seek indemnification from other parties as appropriate. However, the Company has recorded a liability of $4.7 million and $5.2 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, for matters that it believes a loss is both probable and estimable. This is included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company will continue to evaluate information as it becomes known and will record an estimate for losses at the time when it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable.

Note 13. Related Party Transactions

The Company had no material related party transactions for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Note 14. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic weighted-average shares outstanding excludes nonvested restricted stock. Diluted weighted average shares outstanding is similar to basic weighted-average shares outstanding, except that the weighted-average number of shares is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive common share had been issued, including the dilutive impact of nonvested restricted stock. The potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, had an anti-dilutive effect and were therefore not included in the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share. Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share was calculated as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024			2023
Basic net income (loss) per share	$	0.01	$	0.07	$	(0.01	)	$	0.08
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.01	$	0.07	$	(0.01	)	$	0.08
Numerator:
Net income (loss) (in thousands)	$	1,861	$	9,782	$	(1,047	)	$	11,707
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic		143,863,667		144,112,028		143,727,612			144,982,459
Add stock options to purchase shares and restricted stock units		1,992,445		1,226,892		—			1,912,331
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted		145,856,112		145,338,920		143,727,612			146,894,790

For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, 901,391 and 4,961,441 stock options and RSUs were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share, respectively, because their effect was anti-dilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, 2,974,538 and 4,681,847 stock options and RSUs were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share, respectively, because their effect were anti-dilutive.

Note 15. Reportable Segments

We have two reportable segments, Americas and International. Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) uses the profit measure of Adjusted EBITDA, on both a consolidated and a segment basis, to allocate resources and assess performance of our businesses. We use Adjusted EBITDA as our profit measure because it eliminates the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of operating performance, which is useful to compare operating results between periods. Our CODM also uses Adjusted EBITDA as a compensation measure for both segment and corporate management under our incentive compensation plans. Adjusted EBITDA is also a measure frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in their evaluation of the operating performance of companies similar to ours.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, and as further adjusted for loss on extinguishment of debt, share-based compensation, transaction and acquisition-related charges, integration and restructuring charges, and other non-cash charges. We exclude the impact of share-based compensation because it is a non-cash expense and we believe that excluding this item provides meaningful supplemental information regarding performance and ongoing cash generation potential. We exclude loss on extinguishment of debt, transaction and acquisition related charges, integration and restructuring charges, and other charges because such expenses are episodic in nature and have no direct correlation to the cost of operating our business on an ongoing basis.

The segment financial information below aligns with how we report information to our CODM to assess operating performance and how the Company manages the business. Corporate costs are generally allocated to the segments based upon estimated revenue levels and other assumptions that management considers reasonable. The CODM does not review the Company’s assets by segment; therefore, such information is not presented. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 9, “Revenues.”

The following is a description of our two reportable segments:

Americas. This segment performs a variety of background check and compliance services across all phases of the workforce lifecycle from pre-onboarding services to post-onboarding and ongoing monitoring services, covering employees, contractors, contingent workers, tenants, and drivers. We generally classify our service offerings into three categories: pre-onboarding, post-onboarding, and adjacent products. We deliver our solutions across multiple industry verticals in the United States, Canada, and Latin America.

International. The International segment provides services similar to our Americas segment in regions outside of the Americas. We primarily deliver our solutions across multiple industry verticals in the Europe, India, and Asia Pacific.

A reconciliation of Segment Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024			2023
Adjusted EBITDA
Americas	$	51,594	$	52,324	$	95,263		$	96,980
International		4,167		3,647		7,056			7,551
Total	$	55,761	$	55,971	$	102,319		$	104,531
Adjustments to reconcile to net income:
Interest expense, net		7,353		3,887		10,923			12,568
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		689		3,968		(699	)		4,649
Depreciation and amortization		29,978		32,056		59,800			63,922
Share-based compensation		5,048		3,601		9,799			5,659
Transaction and acquisition-related charges(a)		9,873		1,190		21,865			2,261
Integration, restructuring, and other charges(b)		959		1,487		1,678			3,765
Net income (loss)	$	1,861	$	9,782	$	(1,047	)	$	11,707

(a)

Represents charges incurred related to acquisitions and similar transactions, primarily consisting of change in control-related costs, professional service fees, and other third-party costs. Transaction and acquisition related charges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 include approximately $9.2 million and $20.3 million of expense, respectively, associated with the pending acquisition of Sterling, primarily consisting of legal, regulatory, and diligence professional service fees. The three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 also include insurance costs incurred related to the initial public offering.

(b)

Represents charges from organizational restructuring and integration activities, non-cash, and other charges primarily related to nonrecurring legal exposures, foreign currency (gains) losses, (gains) losses on the sale of assets, and other non-recurring items.

Geographic Information

The Company categorizes revenues by geographic region in which the revenues and invoicing are recorded. Other than the United States, no single country accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues during these periods.

The following summarizes revenues by geographical region (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenues
Americas	$	162,378		$	162,682		$	311,505		$	314,738
International		24,187			24,113			46,210			48,961
Eliminations		(2,019	)		(1,480	)		(3,753	)		(2,864	)
Total revenues	$	184,546		$	185,315		$	353,962		$	360,835

The following table sets forth net long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands):


	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Long-lived assets, net
United States, country of domicile	$	1,041,734	$	1,083,318
All other countries		161,722		168,068
Total long-lived assets, net	$	1,203,456	$	1,251,386

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of First Advantage Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations is provided as a supplement to the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, our “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, our operations and financial performance. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts. These forward-looking statements relate to matters such as our industry, business strategy, goals and expectations concerning our market position, future operations, margins, profitability, capital expenditures, liquidity and capital resources and other financial and operating information. In some cases, you can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “future,” “will,” “seek,” “foreseeable,” the negative version of these words, or similar terms and phrases.

These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties, assumptions, or changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict or quantify. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following: negative changes in external events beyond our control, including our customers’ onboarding volumes, economic drivers which are sensitive to macroeconomic cycles, such as interest rate volatility and inflation, geopolitical unrest, uncertainty in financial markets; our operations in a highly regulated industry and the fact that we are subject to numerous and evolving laws and regulations, including with respect to personal data, data security, and artificial intelligence; inability to identify and successfully implement our growth strategies on a timely basis or at all; potential harm to our business, brand, and reputation as a result of security breaches, cyber-attacks, or the mishandling of personal data; operating in a penetrated and competitive market; our reliance on third-party data providers; due to the sensitive and privacy-driven nature of our products and solutions, we could face liability and legal or regulatory proceedings, which could be costly and time-consuming to defend and may not be fully covered by insurance; our international business exposes us to a number of risks; real or perceived errors, failures, or bugs in our products could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and growth prospects; our ability to identify attractive targets or successfully complete such transactions; the timing, manner and volume of repurchases of common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program; failure to comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations; disruptions at our Global Operating Center and other operating centers; our contracts with our customers, which do not guarantee exclusivity or contracted volumes; disruptions, outages, or other errors with our technology and network infrastructure, including our data centers, servers, and third-party cloud and internet providers and our migration to the cloud; the continued integration of our platforms and solutions with human resource providers such as applicant tracking systems and human capital management systems as well as our relationships with such human resource providers; risks relating to public opinion, which may be magnified by incidents or adverse publicity concerning our industry or operations; our reliance on third-party vendors to carry out certain portions of our operations; our dependence on the service of our key executive and other employees, and our ability to find and retain qualified employees; our ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property and other proprietary information; our ability to maintain, protect, and enforce the confidentiality of our trade secrets; the use of open-source software in our applications; the indemnification provisions in our contracts with our customers and third-party data suppliers; seasonality in our operations from quarter to quarter; our indebtedness could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry, and prevent us from meeting our obligations; Silver Lake’s control of us and the potential conflict of its interest with ours or those of our stockholders; and changing interpretations of tax laws.

For additional information on these and other factors that could cause First Advantage’s actual results to differ materially from expected results, please see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise, except as required by law.

Glossary of Selected Terminology

The following terms are used in this Form 10-Q, unless otherwise noted or indicated by the context:

•

“Americas” in regards to our business, means the United States, Canada, and Latin America;

•

“First Advantage,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” mean the business of First Advantage Corporation and its subsidiaries;

•

“International” in regards to our business, means all geographical regions outside of the United States, Canada, and Latin America;

•

“Revenues attributable to the Company’s acquisitions” means revenues recognized in the first year following each acquisition; and

•

“Silver Lake” means Silver Lake Group, L.L.C., together with its affiliates, successors, and assignees.

Certain monetary amounts, percentages, and other figures included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been subject to rounding adjustments. Percentage amounts included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures, but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may vary from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Certain other amounts that appear in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not sum due to rounding.

Website and Social Media Disclosure

We use our websites (https://fadv.com/ and https://investors.fadv.com/) to distribute company information. We make available free of charge a variety of information for investors, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file that material with, or furnish it, to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information we post on our websites may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor our websites, in addition to following our press releases, filings with the SEC, and public conference calls and webcasts. In addition, you may opt in to automatically receive email alerts and other information about First Advantage when you enroll your email address by visiting the “Email Alerts” section of our investor website at https://investors.fadv.com/. The contents of our websites and social media channels are not, however, a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

First Advantage is a leading provider of employment background screening, identity, and verification solutions. We deliver innovative services and insights that help our customers manage risk and hire the best talent. Enabled by our proprietary technology, we help companies protect their brands and provide safer environments for their customers and their most important resources: employees, contractors, contingent workers, tenants, and drivers.

Our comprehensive product suite includes criminal background checks, drug / health screening, extended workforce screening, biometrics and identity, education / work verifications, resident screening, fleet / driver compliance, executive screening, data analytics, continuous monitoring, social media monitoring, and hiring tax incentives. We derive a substantial majority of our revenues from pre-onboarding screening and perform screens in over 200 countries and territories, enabling us to serve as a one-stop-shop provider to both multinational companies and growth companies. Our more than 30,000 customers are global enterprises, mid-sized companies, and small companies, and our products and solutions are used by personnel in recruiting, human resources, risk, compliance, vendor management, safety, and/or security.

Our products are sold both individually and packaged. The First Advantage platform offers flexibility for customers to specify which products to include in their screening package, such as Social Security numbers, criminal records, education and work verifications, sex offender registry, and global sanctions. Generally, our customers order a background screening package or selected combination of screens related to a single individual before they onboard that individual. The type and mix of products and solutions we sell to a customer vary by customer size, their screening requirements, and industry vertical. Therefore, order volumes are not comparable across both customers and periods. Pricing can also vary considerably by customer depending on the product mix in their screening packages, order volumes, screening requirements and preferences, and pass-through and third-party out of pocket costs.

We enter into contracts with our customers that are typically three years in length. These contracts set forth the general terms and pricing of our products and solutions but generally do not include minimum order volumes or committed order volumes. Accordingly, contracts do not provide guarantees of future revenues. Due to our contract terms and the nature of the background screening industry, we determined our contract terms for ASC 606 purposes are less than one year. We typically bill our customers at the end of each month and recognize revenues as completed orders are reported or otherwise made available to our customers. Approximately 90% of our criminal searches performed in the United States in 2023 were completed the same day they were submitted.

We generated revenues of $184.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to $185.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and generated revenues of $354.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to $360.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Approximately 87% of our revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was generated in the Americas, predominantly in the United States, while the remaining 13% was generated internationally. Other than the United States, no single country accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. Please refer to “Results of Operations” for further details.

Segments

We manage our business and report our financial results in two reportable segments, Americas and International:

•

Seasonality

We experience seasonality with respect to certain industries due to fluctuations in hiring volumes and other economic activity. For example, pre-onboarding revenues generated from our customers in the retail and transportation industries are historically highest during the months of October and November, leading up to the U.S. holiday season and lowest in December and at the beginning of the new year, following the U.S. holiday hiring season. Certain customers across various industries also historically increase their hiring throughout the second quarter of the year as winter concludes, commercial activity tied to outdoor activities increases, and the school year ends, giving rise to student and graduate hiring. We expect that further growth in e-commerce, the continued digital transformation of the economy, and other economic forces may impact future seasonality, but we are unable to predict these potential shifts and how our business may be impacted.

Recent Developments

Pending Acquisition of Sterling Check Corp.

In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, the Borrower, entered into a commitment letter with certain financial institutions that committed to provide, subject to the terms and conditions of the commitment letter, an incremental term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $1.820 billion and incremental revolving commitments in an aggregate principal amount of $150 million, in each case, under the Borrower’s existing credit agreement. Such financial institutions also agreed to extend the maturity date of the Borrower’s revolving credit facility from July 31, 2026 to the date that is the fifth anniversary of the closing date of the Acquisition.

Current Economic Conditions

Macroeconomic factors, including inflation, interest rates, variability in hiring activity and job openings, and global economic and geopolitical developments, have negatively impacted significant portions of the global economy, and created volatility in the financial markets.

If the economic uncertainty is sustained or increases, we may experience a negative impact on new business, customer renewals and demand levels, sales and marketing efforts, revenue growth rates, customer deployments, customer collections, product development, or other financial metrics. Any of these factors could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Despite the continuing uncertainty associated with these conditions, we are confident in the overall long-term health of our business, the strength of our product offerings, and our ability to continue to execute on our strategy and help our customers hire smarter and onboard faster. Our ability to deliver innovative products and solutions that enhance workplace safety and address compliance risks has contributed to the durability of our financial results. For additional information, see our “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Components of our Results of Operations

Revenues

The Company derives revenues from a variety of background screening and adjacent products that cover all phases of the workforce lifecycle from pre-onboarding screening services to post-onboarding and ongoing monitoring services, covering employees, contractors, contingent workers, tenants, and drivers. We generally classify our products and solutions into three major categories: pre-onboarding, post-onboarding, and adjacent products, each of which is enabled by our technology, proprietary internal databases, and data analytics capabilities. Pre-onboarding products, which comprise the substantial majority of our revenues, span an extensive array of products that customers typically utilize to enhance their applicant evaluation process and help ensure compliance with their workforce onboarding criteria from the time an application is submitted to an applicant’s successful onboarding. Post-onboarding products are comprised of continuous monitoring, re-screening, and other solutions to help our customers keep their end customers, workforces, and other stakeholders safer, more productive, and more compliant. Adjacent products include products that complement our pre-onboarding and post-onboarding solutions such as fleet / vehicle compliance, hiring tax credits and incentives, resident / tenant screening, employment eligibility, and investigative research.

Our suite of products is available individually or through packaged solutions that can be configured and tailored according to our customers’ needs. We typically bill our customers at the end of each month and recognize revenues after completed orders are reported or otherwise made available to our customers, with a substantial majority of our customers’ orders completed the same day they are submitted. We recognize revenues for other products over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the products and solutions delivered.

Operating Expenses

We incur the following expenses related to our cost of revenues and operating expenses:

•

Cost of Services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization below): Consists of amounts paid to third parties for access to government records, other third-party data and services, and our internal processing fulfillment and customer care functions. In addition, cost of services includes expenses from our drug screening lab and collection site network as well as our court runner network. Third-party cost of services are largely variable in nature and are typically invoiced to our customers as direct pass-through costs. Cost of services also includes our salaries and benefits expense for personnel involved in the processing and fulfillment of our screening products and solutions, as well as our customer care organization and robotics process automation implementation team. Other costs included in cost of services relate to allocations of certain overhead costs for our revenue-generating products and solutions, primarily consisting of certain facility costs and administrative services allocated by headcount or another related metric. We do not allocate depreciation and amortization to cost of services.

•

Product and Technology Expense: Consists of salaries and benefits of personnel involved in the maintenance of our technology and its integrations and APIs, product marketing, management of our network and infrastructure capabilities, and maintenance of our information security and business continuity functions. A portion of the personnel costs are related to the development of new products and features that are primarily developed through agile methodologies. These costs are partially capitalized, and therefore, are partially reflected as amortization expense within the depreciation and amortization cost line item. Product and technology expense also includes third-party costs related to our cloud computing services, software licensing and maintenance, telecommunications, and other data processing functions. We do not allocate depreciation and amortization to product and technology expense.

•

Selling, General, and Administrative Expense: Consists of sales, customer success, marketing, and general and administrative expenses. Sales, customer success, and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee compensation such as salaries, bonuses, sales commissions, share-based compensation, and other employee benefits for our verticalized sales and customer success teams. General and administrative expenses include travel expenses and various corporate functions including finance, human resources, legal, and other administrative roles, in addition to certain professional service fees and expenses incurred in connection with our IPO and our pending acquisition of Sterling. We expect our selling, general, and administrative expenses to increase in the short-term, primarily as a result of additional public company related reporting and compliance costs. Over the long-term, we expect our selling, general, and administrative expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenues as we leverage our past investments. We do not allocate depreciation and amortization to selling, general, and administrative expenses.

•

Depreciation and Amortization: Property and equipment consisting mainly of capitalized software costs, furniture, hardware, and leasehold improvements are depreciated or amortized and reflected as operating expenses. We also amortize the capitalized costs of finite-life intangible assets acquired in connection with business combinations.

We have a flexible cost structure that allows our business to adjust quickly to the impacts of macroeconomic events and scale to meet the needs of large new customers. Operating expenses are influenced by the amount of revenues, customer mix, and product mix that contribute to our revenues for any given period. As revenues grow, we would generally expect cost of services to grow in a similar fashion, albeit influenced by the effects of automation, productivity, and other efficiency initiatives as well as customer and product mix shifts and third-party pass-through costs. We regularly review expenses and investments in the context of revenues growth and any shifts we identify in the business in order to align with our overall financial objectives. While we expect operating expenses to increase in absolute dollars to support our continued growth, we believe that, in the long term, operating expenses as a percentage of total revenues will decline gradually in the future as our business grows and our operating efficiency and automation initiatives continue to advance.

Other Expense, Net

Our other expense, net consists of interest expense, net. Interest expense, net relates primarily to our debt service costs, the interest-related unrealized gains and losses of our interest rate derivative instruments and, to a lesser extent, the interest on our capital lease obligations and the amortization of deferred financing costs. Additionally, interest expense, net includes interest income earnings on our cash and cash equivalent balances held in interest-bearing accounts. We also earn interest income on our short-term investments which are fixed-time deposits having a maturity date within twelve months.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes consists of domestic and foreign corporate income taxes related to earnings from our sale of services, with statutory tax rates that differ by jurisdiction. Our effective tax rate may be affected by many other factors including changes in tax laws, regulations or rates, new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, shifts in the allocation of income earned throughout the world, and changes in overall levels of income before tax.

Results of Operations

The information contained below should be read in conjunction with our accompanying historical condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2023


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenues	$	184,546		$	185,315		$	353,962		$	360,835

Operating Expenses:
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization below)		92,348			92,997			179,540			184,058
Product and technology expense		13,677			12,643			26,143			25,267
Selling, general, and administrative expense		38,640			29,982			79,302			58,664
Depreciation and amortization		29,978			32,056			59,800			63,922
Total operating expenses		174,643			167,678			344,785			331,911
Income from operations		9,903			17,637			9,177			28,924

Other Expense, Net:
Interest expense, net		7,353			3,887			10,923			12,568
Total other expense, net		7,353			3,887			10,923			12,568
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		2,550			13,750			(1,746	)		16,356
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		689			3,968			(699	)		4,649
Net income (loss)	$	1,861		$	9,782		$	(1,047	)	$	11,707
Net income (loss) margin		1.0	%		5.3	%		(0.3	)%		3.2	%

Revenues


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenues
Americas	$	162,378		$	162,682		$	311,505		$	314,738
International		24,187		$	24,113			46,210		$	48,961
Eliminations		(2,019	)	$	(1,480	)		(3,753	)	$	(2,864	)
Total revenues	$	184,546		$	185,315		$	353,962		$	360,835

Revenues were $184.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $185.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $0.8 million, or 0.4%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

The decrease in revenues was primarily due to a net decrease of $11.9 million, or 6.4%, in existing customer revenues, primarily driven by the impact of macroeconomic factors affecting the hiring industry which have resulted in reduced demand from our customers and the impact of lost accounts. These consolidated decreases were partially offset by ongoing strength in upselling and cross-selling to existing customers, contributing $8.6 million, or 4.7%, of additional revenues, and increased revenues from certain existing customers that were impacted by macroeconomic conditions, to a lesser extent, as compared to other existing customers.

The decrease in existing customer revenues was further offset by:

•

revenues of $7.8 million, or 4.2%, from new customers, primarily attributable to our Americas segment; and

•

revenues of $3.3 million, or 1.8%, attributable to the Infinite ID acquisition in the Americas segment.

Revenues were $354.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $360.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $6.9 million, or 1.9%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

The decrease in revenues was primarily due to a net decrease of $29.7 million, or 8.2%, in existing customer revenues, primarily driven by the impact of macroeconomic factors affecting the hiring industry which have resulted in reduced demand from our customers and the impact of lost accounts. These consolidated decreases were partially offset by ongoing strength in upselling and cross-selling to existing customers, contributing $16.3 million, or 4.5%, of additional revenues, and increased revenues from certain existing customers that were impacted by macroeconomic conditions, to a lesser extent, as compared to other existing customers.

The decrease in existing customer revenues was further offset by:

•

revenues of $16.7 million, or 4.6%, from new customers, primarily attributable to our Americas segment; and

•

revenues of $6.1 million, or 1.7%, attributable to the Infinite ID acquisition in the Americas segment.

Pricing remained relatively stable across all periods.

Cost of Services


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Cost of services		92,348			92,997			179,540			184,058
Revenues	$	184,546		$	185,315		$	353,962		$	360,835
Cost of services as a % of revenue		50.0	%		50.2	%		50.7	%		51.0	%

Cost of services was $92.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $93.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Cost of services for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $0.6 million, or 0.7%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

The decrease in cost of services was primarily due to a $0.6 million decrease in variable third-party data expenses as a result of decreased revenue volumes, variation in customer ordering mix, and increased automation.

Cost of services as a percentage of revenues was 50.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 50.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The cost of services percentage of revenues for the second quarter of 2024 was impacted by cost savings from the Company’s continued implementation of automation and other process efficiencies. These decreases were partially offset by slight increases in certain third-party data costs.

Cost of services was $179.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $184.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Cost of services for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $4.5 million, or 2.5%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

The decrease in cost of services was primarily due to:

•

a $3.0 million decrease in variable third-party data expenses as a result of decreased revenue volumes, variation in customer ordering mix, and increased automation; and

•

a $1.3 million decrease in personnel expenses in our operations and customer care functions as a result of productivity efficiencies from the implementation of additional automation programs.

Cost of services as a percentage of revenues was 50.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 51.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The cost of services percentage of revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was impacted by cost savings from the Company’s continued implementation of automation and other process efficiencies. These decreases were partially offset by slight increases in certain third-party data costs.

Product and Technology Expense


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Product and technology expense	$	13,677	$	12,643	$	26,143	$	25,267

Product and technology expense was $13.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $12.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Product and technology expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024 increased by $1.0 million, or 8.2%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Product and technology expense increased primarily due to a $1.0 million increase in personnel expenses as a result of increased share-based compensation expense and additional investments. Product and technology expense was incrementally impacted by increases in professional service fees that were partially offset by savings in software license fees.

Product and technology expense was $26.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $25.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Product and technology expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 increased by $0.9 million, or 3.5%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Product and technology expense increased primarily due to a $2.1 million increase in personnel expenses as a result of increased share-based compensation expense and additional investments. Product and technology expense was incrementally impacted by increases in professional service fees that were partially offset by savings in software license fees.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expense


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Selling, general, and administrative expense	$	38,640	$	29,982	$	79,302	$	58,664

Selling, general, and administrative expense was $38.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $30.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Selling, general, and administrative expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024 increased by $8.7 million, or 28.9%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Selling, general, and administrative expense increased primarily due to:

•

a $9.2 million increase in professional service and legal fees incurred related to the Company’s pending acquisition of Sterling; and

•

a $1.2 million increase in share-based compensation expense primarily as a result of a modification to the vesting terms of outstanding unvested and unearned performance-based equity awards in May 2023 and incremental awards granted.

The increase in selling, general, and administrative expense was partially offset by:

•

a $1.3 million decrease in personnel expenses due to certain cost savings actions taken by the Company primarily in the second half of 2023; and

•

a $0.8 million decrease in expenses related to the impairment of certain operating lease assets resulting from office space exited in 2023 that did not reoccur in 2024.

Selling, general, and administrative expense was $79.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $58.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Selling, general, and administrative expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 increased by $20.6 million, or 35.2%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Selling, general, and administrative expense increased primarily due to:

•

a $20.3 million increase in professional service and legal fees incurred related to the Company’s pending acquisition of Sterling;

•

a $3.6 million increase in share-based compensation expense primarily as a result of a modification to the vesting terms of outstanding unvested and unearned performance-based equity awards in May 2023 and incremental awards granted; and

•

a $1.3 million increase in expenses related to litigation in the ordinary course of business.

The increase in selling, general, and administrative expense was partially offset by:

•

a $2.6 million decrease in personnel expenses due to certain cost savings actions taken by the Company primarily in the second half of 2023; and

•

a $1.9 million decrease in expenses related to the impairment of certain operating lease assets resulting from office space exited in 2023 that did not reoccur in 2024.

Depreciation and Amortization


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Depreciation and amortization	$	29,978	$	32,056	$	59,800	$	63,922

Depreciation and amortization was $30.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $32.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $2.1 million, or 6.5%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. This decrease was partially offset by increases in depreciation related to assets placed in service during the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Depreciation and amortization was $59.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $63.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Depreciation and amortization for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $4.1 million, or 6.4%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. This decrease was partially offset by increases in depreciation related to assets placed in service during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Interest Expense, Net


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Interest expense, net	$	7,353	$	3,887	$	10,923	$	12,568

Interest expense, net was $7.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $3.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Interest expense, net for the three months ended June 30, 2024 increased by $3.5 million or 89.2%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

The increase in interest expense, net was primarily attributable to higher interest expense on the First Lien Credit Facility as a result of increasing interest rates and lower interest income earned on cash held within interest bearing accounts as a result of lower cash on hand. Interest expense, net for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was further impacted by $2.1 million of unrealized gains on the Company’s interest rate swaps.

Interest expense, net was $10.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $12.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $1.6 million or 13.1% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Interest expense, net for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was impacted by $9.2 million of unrealized gains on the Company’s interest rate swaps. This decrease was offset by higher interest expense on the First Lien Credit Facility as a result of increasing interest rates and lower interest income earned on cash held within interest bearing accounts as a result of lower cash on hand.

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024			2023
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	689	$	3,968	$	(699	)	$	4,649

Our provision for income taxes was $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $4.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Our provision for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $3.3 million, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

The decrease in our provision for income taxes was primarily due to the decrease of income before income taxes during the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Our (benefit) provision for income taxes was $(0.7) million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $4.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Our provision for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $5.3 million, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

The decrease in our provision for income taxes was primarily due to the decrease of income before income taxes during the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Net Income (Loss) and Net Income (Loss) Margin


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net income (loss)	$	1,861		$	9,782		$	(1,047	)	$	11,707
Net income (loss) margin		1.0	%		5.3	%		(0.3	)%		3.2	%

Net income was $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $9.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $7.9 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Net income margin was 1.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 5.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as increases in selling, general, and administrative expenses, as a result of the Company’s pending acquisition of Sterling and reduced demand from customers more impacted by macroeconomic events, contributed to lower profitability.

Net (loss) income was $(1.0) million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $11.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $12.8 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Net (loss) income margin was (0.3)% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to 3.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as increases in selling, general, and administrative expenses, as a result of the Company’s pending acquisition of Sterling and reduced demand from customers more impacted by macroeconomic events, contributed to lower profitability, particularly as the Company cycled over the growth experienced in 2023 due to the post-pandemic recovery.

Key Operating and Financial Metrics

In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we believe certain measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. Management believes these non-GAAP measures are useful to investors in highlighting trends in our operating performance, while other measures can differ significantly depending on long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure, the tax jurisdictions in which we operate, and capital investments. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Net Income, and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share to supplement GAAP measures of performance in the evaluation of the effectiveness of our business strategies, to make budgeting decisions, to establish discretionary annual incentive compensation, and to compare our performance against that of peer companies using similar measures. Management supplements GAAP results with non-GAAP financial measures to provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting the business than GAAP results alone.

The presentations of these measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Because not all companies use identical calculations, the presentations of these measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies and can differ significantly from company to company. A reconciliation is provided below for each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA is a strong indicator of our overall operating performance and is useful to management and investors as a measure of comparative operating performance from period to period. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, and as further adjusted for loss on extinguishment of debt, share-based compensation, transaction and acquisition-related charges, integration and restructuring charges, and other non-cash charges. We exclude the impact of share-based compensation because it is a non-cash expense and we believe that excluding this item provides meaningful supplemental information regarding performance and ongoing cash generation potential. We exclude loss on extinguishment of debt, transaction and acquisition related charges, integration and restructuring charges, and other charges because such expenses are episodic in nature and have no direct correlation to the cost of operating our business on an ongoing basis.

Adjusted EBITDA was $55.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and represented an Adjusted EBITDA Margin of 30.2%. Adjusted EBITDA was $56.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and represented an Adjusted EBITDA Margin of 30.2%. Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $0.2 million, or 0.4%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Adjusted EBITDA was $102.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and represented an Adjusted EBITDA Margin of 28.9%. Adjusted EBITDA was $104.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and represented an Adjusted EBITDA Margin of 29.0%. Adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $2.2 million, or 2.1%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Adjusted EBITDA declined during the six months ended June 30, 2024, as macroeconomic events impacted our revenues attributed to existing customers. These decreases were partially offset by increased revenues from certain existing and new customers, including ongoing strength in upselling and cross-selling, cost structure benefits due to increased automation, operational efficiencies, and certain other cost savings actions taken by the Company.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024			2023
Net income (loss)	$	1,861	$	9,782	$	(1,047	)	$	11,707
Interest expense, net		7,353		3,887		10,923			12,568
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		689		3,968		(699	)		4,649
Depreciation and amortization		29,978		32,056		59,800			63,922
Share-based compensation(a)		5,048		3,601		9,799			5,659
Transaction and acquisition-related charges(b)		9,873		1,190		21,865			2,261
Integration, restructuring, and other charges(c)		959		1,487		1,678			3,765
Adjusted EBITDA	$	55,761	$	55,971	$	102,319		$	104,531

(a)

Share-based compensation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, includes approximately $2.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively, of incrementally recognized expense associated with the May 2023 vesting modification. Share-based compensation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, includes approximately $1.5 million of incrementally recognized expense. See Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.

(b)

(c)

We define Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenues. The following table presents the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the periods presented.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Adjusted EBITDA	$	55,761		$	55,971		$	102,319		$	104,531
Revenues		184,546			185,315			353,962			360,835
Adjusted EBITDA Margin		30.2	%		30.2	%		28.9	%		29.0	%

The following table presents a calculation of Adjusted EBITDA by segment for the periods presented. See Note 15, “Reportable Segments” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented by segment.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Americas	$	51,594		$	52,324		$	95,263		$	96,980
International		4,167			3,647			7,056			7,551
Adjusted EBITDA	$	55,761		$	55,971		$	102,319		$	104,531

Revenues
Americas	$	162,378		$	162,682		$	311,505		$	314,738
International		24,187			24,113			46,210			48,961
Less: intersegment eliminations		(2,019	)		(1,480	)		(3,753	)		(2,864	)
Total revenues	$	184,546		$	185,315		$	353,962		$	360,835

Adjusted EBITDA Margin
Americas		31.8	%		32.2	%		30.6	%		30.8	%
International		17.2	%		15.1	%		15.3	%		15.4	%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin		30.2	%		30.2	%		28.9	%		29.0	%

(1)

See the reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA above. Segment Adjusted EBITDA margins are calculated using segment gross revenues and segment Adjusted EBITDA. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated using consolidated revenues and consolidated Adjusted EBITDA.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share

Similar to Adjusted EBITDA, management believes that Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share are strong indicators of our overall operating performance and are useful to our management and investors as measures of comparative operating performance from period to period. We define Adjusted Net Income for a particular period as net income (loss) before taxes adjusted for debt-related costs, acquisition-related depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, transaction and acquisition related charges, integration and restructuring charges, and other non-cash charges, to which we then apply the related effective tax rate. We define Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share as Adjusted Net Income divided by adjusted weighted average number of shares outstanding—diluted.

Adjusted Net Income was $30.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $34.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Adjusted Net Income for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $4.1 million, or 11.7% compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share was $0.21 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $0.24 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $0.03, or 12.5% compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Adjusted Net Income was $55.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $63.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Adjusted Net Income for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $7.7 million, or 12.1%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share was $0.38 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $0.43 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $0.05, or 11.6% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share declined during the six months ended June 30, 2024 as reduced demand from customers more impacted by macroeconomic events contributed to lower revenues and profitability. Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share were further impacted by changes in acquisition-related depreciation and amortization and changes in our capital structure that are captured in interest expense. Gains or losses and actual cash payments and receipts on the Company’s interest rate swaps impact the comparability of Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share across historical periods. Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share is further impacted by shares repurchased under the Company’s Repurchase Program.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted Net Income for the periods presented.


	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024			2023		2024			2023
Net income (loss)	$	1,861		$	9,782	$	(1,047	)	$	11,707
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		689			3,968		(699	)		4,649
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		2,550			13,750		(1,746	)		16,356
Debt-related charges(a)		(262	)		33		(3,276	)		4,501
Acquisition-related depreciation and amortization(b)		22,616			25,470		45,241			50,955
Share-based compensation(c)		5,048			3,601		9,799			5,659
Transaction and acquisition-related charges(d)		9,873			1,190		21,865			2,261
Integration, restructuring, and other charges(e)		959			1,487		1,678			3,765
Adjusted Net Income before income tax effect		40,784			45,531		73,561			83,497
Less: Adjusted income taxes(f)		10,031			10,705		18,022			20,307
Adjusted Net Income	$	30,753		$	34,826	$	55,539		$	63,190

The following table presents the calculation of Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share for the periods presented.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Diluted net income (loss) per share (GAAP)	$	0.01		$	0.07		$	(0.01	)	$	0.08
Adjusted Net Income adjustments per share
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		0.00			0.03			(0.00	)		0.03
Debt-related charges(a)		(0.00	)		0.00			(0.02	)		0.03
Acquisition-related depreciation and amortization(b)		0.16			0.18			0.31			0.35
Share-based compensation(c)		0.03			0.02			0.07			0.04
Transaction and acquisition-related charges(d)		0.07			0.01			0.15			0.02
Integration, restructuring, and other charges(e)		0.01			0.01			0.01			0.03
Adjusted income taxes(f)		(0.07	)		(0.07	)		(0.12	)		(0.14	)
Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share (Non-GAAP)	$	0.21		$	0.24		$	0.38		$	0.43

Weighted average number of shares outstanding used in computation of Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding—diluted (GAAP)		145,856,112			145,338,920			143,727,612			146,894,790
Options and restricted stock not included in weighted average number of shares outstanding—diluted (GAAP) (using treasury stock method)		—			—			2,105,134			—
Adjusted weighted average number of shares outstanding—diluted (Non-GAAP)		145,856,112			145,338,920			145,832,746			146,894,790

(a)

Represents the non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of debt issuance costs for the 2021 February refinancing of the Company’s First Lien Credit Facility (as defined below). This adjustment also includes the impact of the change in fair value of interest rate swaps, which represents the difference between the fair value gains or losses and actual cash payments and receipts on the interest rate swaps.

(b)

Represents the depreciation and amortization expense related to intangible assets and developed technology assets recorded due to the application of ASC 805, Business Combinations. As a result, the purchase accounting related depreciation and amortization expense will recur in future periods until the related assets are fully depreciated or amortized, and the related purchase accounting assets may contribute to revenue generation.

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Effective tax rates of approximately 24.6% and 24.5% have been used to compute Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Effective tax rates of approximately 23.5% and 24.3% have been used to compute Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

The Company’s primary liquidity requirements are for working capital, continued investments in software development and other capital expenditures, and other strategic investments, including the Acquisition. In 2023, the Company fully utilized its remaining U.S. Federal income tax net operating loss carryforwards. As a result, income taxes are and will be a material use of funds, depending on our future profitability, and future tax rates. The Company’s liquidity needs are met primarily through existing balance sheet cash, cash flows from operations, as well as funds available under our revolving credit facility and proceeds from our term loan borrowings, including incremental term loan borrowings expected to be incurred to fund the Acquisition pursuant to commitment letters entered into with certain financial institutions. Our cash flows from operations include cash received from customers, less cash costs to provide services to our customers, which includes general and administrative costs and interest payments.

As of June 30, 2024, we had $269.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and $100.0 million available under our revolving credit facility. As of June 30, 2024, we had $564.7 million of total debt outstanding. We believe our cash on hand, together with amounts available under our revolving credit facility, and cash provided by operating activities are and will continue to be adequate to meet our operational and business needs in the next twelve months. To the extent additional funds are necessary to meet our long-term liquidity needs as we continue to execute our business strategy, we anticipate that they will be obtained through the incurrence of additional indebtedness, additional equity financings or a combination of these potential sources of funds. In the event that we need access to additional cash, we may not be able to access the credit markets on commercially acceptable terms or at all. Our ability to fund future operating expenses and capital expenditures and our ability to meet future debt service obligations or refinance our indebtedness will depend on our future operating performance, which will be affected by general economic, financial, and other factors that may be beyond our control, including those described under our “Risk Factors” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Share Repurchase Program

On August 2, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of the Company’s common stock over the 12-month period ending August 2, 2023 (the “Repurchase Program”). Stock repurchases may be effected through open market repurchases at prevailing market prices, including through the use of block trades and trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, privately-negotiated transactions, through other transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws, or a combination of these methods on such terms and in such amounts as the Company deems appropriate and will be funded from available capital. The Company is not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares, and the timing, manner, value, and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the Company’s stock price and liquidity requirements, other business considerations and general market and economic conditions. No shares will be purchased from SLP Fastball Aggregator, L.P. and its affiliates. The Company may discontinue or modify purchases without notice at any time. The Company has used and plans to use its existing cash to fund repurchases made under the share repurchase program.

On November 8, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an increase to the total available amount under its Repurchase Program to $150.0 million and extended the program through December 31, 2023. On February 28, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an increase to the total available amount under its Repurchase Program to $200.0 million. On September 14, 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a one-year extension of its share repurchase authorization, extending the previously authorized $200.0 million program through December 31, 2024. Through August 2, 2024, the Company repurchased approximately $119.5 million of shares under the Repurchase Program. In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, the Company suspended purchases under its Repurchase Program.

Dividends

On August 8, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a one-time special cash dividend of $1.50 per share to stockholders of record at the close of business on August 21, 2023. Since August 31, 2023 through June 30, 2024, the Company has paid an aggregate cash dividend of $217.9 million with cash from the balance sheet.

Long-Term Debt

In February 2020, a new financing structure was established, which included a new First Lien Credit Agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provided financing in the form of a $670.0 million term loan due January 31, 2027 (“First Lien Credit Facility”) and a $75.0 million new revolving credit facility due January 31, 2025 (“Revolver”).

On February 1, 2021, we amended the First Lien Agreement to fund $100.0 million of additional first lien term loans and reduce the applicable margins by 0.25%.

In connection with its IPO, the Company entered into an amendment to increase the borrowing capacity under the Revolver from $75.0 million to $100.0 million and extend the maturity date from January 31, 2025 to July 31, 2026.

Borrowings under the First Lien Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum equal to an applicable margin plus, at our option, either (a) a base rate or (b) LIBOR, which is subject to a floor of 0.00% per annum. Pursuant to an amendment in June 2023, the reference rate under the Credit Agreement was transitioned from LIBOR to SOFR (the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York), with the addition of an applicable margin. The applicable margins under the First Lien Agreement are subject to stepdowns based on our first lien net leverage ratio. In connection with the closing of the IPO, each applicable margin was reduced further by 0.25%. In addition, the borrower, First Advantage Holdings, LLC, which is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is required to pay a commitment fee on any unutilized commitments under the revolving credit facility. The commitment fee rate ranges between 0.25% and 0.50% per annum based on our first lien net leverage ratio. The borrower is also required to pay customary letter of credit fees.

The First Lien Credit Facility amortizes in equal quarterly installments in aggregate annual amounts equal to 1.00% of the principal amount. The Revolver has no amortization. The First Lien Credit Facility requires the borrower to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with certain proceeds from non-ordinary course asset sales, issuance of debt not permitted by the credit agreement to be incurred and annual excess cash flows. In addition, any voluntary prepayment of term loans in connection with certain repricing transactions on or prior to August 1, 2021 were subject to a 1.00% prepayment premium. Otherwise, the borrower may voluntarily repay outstanding loans without premium or penalty, other than customary “breakage” costs.

In connection with the closing of the IPO, on June 30, 2021, the Company repaid $200.0 million of the First Lien Credit Facility outstanding, of which $44.3 million was applied to all of the remaining quarterly amortizing principal payments due under the First Lien Agreement. The remaining $564.7 million term loan is scheduled to mature on January 31, 2027.

The First Lien Agreement is unconditionally guaranteed by Fastball Parent, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the direct parent of the borrower, and material wholly owned domestic restricted subsidiaries of Fastball Parent, Inc. The First Lien Agreement and the guarantees of such obligations, are secured, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, by (1) a first priority security interest in certain tangible and intangible assets of the borrower and the guarantors and (2) a first-priority pledge of 100% of the capital stock of the borrower and of each wholly-owned material restricted subsidiary of the borrower and the guarantors (which pledge, in the case of any non-U.S. subsidiary of a U.S. subsidiary, does not include more than 65% of the voting stock of such non-U.S. subsidiary).

The First Lien Agreement contains customary affirmative covenants, negative covenants, and events of default (including upon a change of control). The First Lien Agreement also includes a “springing” first lien net leverage ratio test, applicable only to the Revolver, that requires such ratio to be no greater than 7.75:1.00 on the last day of any fiscal quarter if more than 35.0% of the Revolver is utilized on such date.

Cash Flow Analysis

Comparison of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023

The following table is a summary of our cash flow activity for the periods presented:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024			2023
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	70,372		$	71,722
Net cash used in investing activities		(13,812	)		(13,318	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		213			(50,984	)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $70.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $71.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $1.4 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. Cash flows from operating activities were impacted by the payment of professional service and legal fees related to the Company’s pending acquisition of Sterling and the continuation of more modest hiring activity from our customers resulting from the current hiring environment. This was offset in part by lower accounts receivable driven by increased cash collections from customers.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $13.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $13.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 increased by $0.5 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. Increases in cash flows used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 were driven primarily by capitalized software development costs, which increased in 2024 as the Company continued to make incremental investments in its technology platform.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities was $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $(51.0) million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was driven by cash inflows related to share-based compensation activity. These inflows were offset by cash outflows related to payments on the deferred purchase of a software platform and dividends paid on vested RSUs as a result of the Company’s August 2023 one-time special dividend. Net cash used in financing activities for six months ended June 30, 2023 was impacted by shares repurchased under the Company’s Repurchase Program. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, 3,895,737 shares were repurchased under the program at a total cost of $52.3 million.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

See Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for disclosure of the impact that recent accounting pronouncements may have on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, there have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates compared with those disclosed in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

As of June 30, 2024, no material change had occurred in our market risks, compared with the disclosure in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. The term “disclosure controls and procedures” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely discussions regarding required disclosures.

Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving their desired control objectives. Based on the evaluation of management’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, the disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the quarter covered by this report, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Information in response to this Item is included in “Part I — Item 1. — Note 12 — Commitments and Contingencies” and is incorporated by reference into Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

As of June 30, 2024, no material changes had occurred in our risk factors, compared with the disclosure in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The following information relates to the Company’s purchase of its common stock during each month within the second quarter of 2024:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share (1)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
April 1, 2024 through April 30, 2024		—	$	—		—	$	80,478,639
May 1, 2024 through May 31, 2024		—	$	—		—	$	80,478,639
June 1, 2024 through June 30, 2024		—	$	—		—	$	80,478,639
Total		—	$	—		—	$	80,478,639

(1)

Average price paid per share for shares purchased as part of our Repurchase Program (includes brokerage commissions).

(2)

On August 2, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of the Company’s common stock over the 12-month period ending August 2, 2023. On November 8, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an increase to the total available amount under its Repurchase Program to $150.0 million and extended the program through December 31, 2023. On February 28, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an increase to the total available amount under its Repurchase Program to $200.0 million. On September 14, 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a one-year extension of its share repurchase authorization, extending the previously authorized $200.0 million program through December 31, 2024. Through August 2, 2024, the Company repurchased approximately $119.5 million of shares under the Repurchase Program.

Stock repurchases may be effected through open market repurchases at prevailing market prices, including through the use of block trades and trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, privately-negotiated transactions, through other transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws, or a combination of these methods on such terms and in such amounts as the Company deems appropriate and will be funded from available capital. The Company is not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares, and the timing, manner, value, and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the Company’s stock price and liquidity requirements, other business considerations and general market and economic conditions. No shares will be purchased from SLP Fastball Aggregator, L.P. and its affiliates. The Company may discontinue or modify purchases without notice at any time. In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, the Company suspended purchases under its Repurchase Program.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) adopted, terminated, or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K), except as described in the table below.

       
      Trading Arrangement

      Director/Officer Name

      Title

      Date of Adoption/Termination

      Rule 10b5-1(1)

      Non-Rule 10b5-1

      Scheduled Expiration Date of Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan(2)

      Aggregate Number of Securities to Be Purchased or Sold

      James L. Clark

       Director

      Adopted June 11, 2024

      X

      June 9, 2025

      Sale of up to 4,482 shares of common stock in one transaction

(1)

Intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c).

(2)

A trading plan may also expire on such earlier date that all transactions under the trading plan are completed.

Item 6. Exhibits.


Exhibit Number		Description
2.1		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 28, 2024, by and among First Advantage Corporation, Sterling Check Corp. and Starter Merger Sub, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of First Advantage’s Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2024).
2.2		Waiver of Brazil Antitrust Filing Obligation and Closing Condition, dated as of March 25, 2024, related to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 28, 2024, by and among First Advantage Corporation, Sterling Check Corp. and Starter Merger Sub, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.2 of First Advantage’s Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2024).
3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of First Advantage Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of First Advantage’s Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2021).
3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of First Advantage Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of First Advantage’s Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2021).
31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents.
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	FIRST ADVANTAGE CORPORATION

Date: August 8, 2024	By:	/s/ Scott Staples
		Scott Staples
		Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)

Date: August 8, 2024	By:	/s/ David L. Gamsey
		David L. Gamsey
		Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)