10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒  Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2018

☐  Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the transition period from             to

Commission File Number 001-33625

VIRTUSA CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	7371	04-3512883
(State or Other Jurisdiction of	(Primary Standard Industrial	(I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization)	Classification Code Number)	Identification Number)

132 Turnpike Rd

Southborough, Massachusetts 01772

(Address of principal executive office)

(508) 389-7300

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,

Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s class of common stock, as of February 5, 2019:

Class	Number of Shares
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share	29,920,680

Virtusa Corporation and Subsidiaries

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018	3
	Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017	5
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity for the Nine months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (Unaudited)	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017	8
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	50
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	51
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		53
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	53
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	53
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	53
Item 6.	Exhibits	54
SIGNATURES		55

2

PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Virtusa Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	210,579	$	194,897
Short-term investments		41,641		45,900
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $2,627 and $3,328 at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively		153,467		151,455
Unbilled accounts receivable		94,111		103,829
Prepaid expenses		39,522		31,724
Restricted cash		413		301
Other current assets		26,978		21,229
Total current assets		566,711		549,335
Property and equipment, net		124,917		121,565
Investments accounted for using equity method		1,455		1,588
Long-term investments		862		4,140
Deferred income taxes		24,220		31,528
Goodwill		281,353		297,251
Intangible assets, net		92,326		96,001
Other long-term assets		22,201		11,772
Total assets	$	1,114,045	$	1,113,180
Liabilities, Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, Redeemable noncontrolling interest and Stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	40,195	$	29,541
Accrued employee compensation and benefits		59,922		71,500
Deferred revenue		6,120		7,908
Accrued expenses and other		121,083		91,306
Current portion of long-term debt		11,407		11,407
Income taxes payable		2,109		5,038
Total current liabilities		240,836		216,700
Deferred income taxes		18,326		21,341
Long-term debt, less current portion		311,672		288,227
Long-term liabilities		30,353		43,833
Total liabilities		601,187		570,101
Commitments and contingencies
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock: par value $0.01 per share, 108,000 shares authorized, 108,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018; redemption amount and liquidation preference of $108,000 at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018		107,120		106,996
Redeemable noncontrolling interest		24,924		—
Stockholders’ equity:
Undesignated preferred stock, $0.01 par value; Authorized 5,000,000 shares at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018; zero shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively		—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; Authorized 120,000,000 shares at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018; issued 32,781,374 and 32,469,092 shares at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively; outstanding 29,901,375 and 29,589,093 shares at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively		328		325
Treasury stock, 2,879,999 common shares, at cost, at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018		(39,652)		(39,652)
Additional paid-in capital		237,887		260,612
Retained earnings		243,006		238,019
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(60,755)		(40,681)
Total Virtusa stockholders’ equity		380,814		418,623
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries		—		17,460
Total Stockholders' equity		380,814		436,083
Total liabilities, Series A convertible preferred stock, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity	$	1,114,045	$	1,113,180

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

3

Virtusa Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

		Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
		December 31,			December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenue	$	314,681	$	263,809	$	920,232	$	739,328
Costs of revenue		221,461		183,420		654,288		528,103
Gross profit		93,220		80,389		265,944		211,225
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses		73,935		66,726		218,716		181,213
Income from operations		19,285		13,663		47,228		30,012
Other income (expense):
Interest income		634		1,080		1,988		3,012
Interest expense		(4,597)		(1,305)		(13,365)		(4,376)
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net		8,319		2,576		(11,794)		1,019
Other, net		(444)		492		998		1,376
Total other income (expense)		3,912		2,843		(22,173)		1,031
Income before income tax expense		23,197		16,506		25,055		31,043
Income tax expense		10,400		24,427		15,863		26,725
Net income (loss)		12,797		(7,921)		9,192		4,318
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax		221		2,134		1,407		5,947
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders		12,576		(10,055)		7,785		(1,629)
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion		1,087		1,087		3,262		2,875
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	11,489	$	(11,142)	$	4,523	$	(4,504)
Basic earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.38	$	(0.38)	$	0.15	$	(0.15)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.37	$	(0.38)	$	0.15	$	(0.15)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

4

Virtusa Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three Months ended					Nine Months ended
	December 31,					December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net income (loss)	$	12,797	$	(7,921)	$	9,192	$	4,318
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(2,477)		4,641		(20,201)		9,068
Pension plan adjustment		73		31		(23)		123
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax		263		8		(51)		212
Unrealized gain (loss) on effective cash flow hedges, net of tax		6,067		(106)		(1,072)		(8,314)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	3,926	$	4,574	$	(21,347)	$	1,089
Comprehensive income (loss)		16,723		(3,347)		(12,155)		5,407
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest, net of tax		669		3,930		134		7,238
Comprehensive income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders	$	16,054	$	(7,277)	$	(12,289)	$	(1,831)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

5

Virtusa Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity 

For the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

(Unaudited) 

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(In thousands)
											Accumulated		Total
							Additional				Other		Virtusa		Non-		Total		Redeemable
	Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Paid-in		Retained		Comprehensive		Stockholders’		controlling		Stockholders'		Noncontrolling
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Loss		Equity		interest		equity		Interest
Balance at March 31, 2018	32,469,092	$	325	(2,879,999)	$	(39,652)	$	260,612	$	238,019	$	(40,681)	$	418,623	$	17,460	$	436,083	$	—
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	33,173		—	—		—		294		—		—		294		—		294		—
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options	—		—	—		—		196		—		—		196		—		196		—
Restricted stock awards vested	95,432		1	—		—		(1)		—		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	—		—	—		—		(2,450)		—		—		(2,450)		—		(2,450)		—
Share-based compensation	—		—	—		—		7,908		—		—		7,908		—		7,908		—
Subsidiary share-based compensation	—		—	—		—		30		—		—		30		—		30		—
Cumulative effect of adopting ASC Topic 606, net of tax	—		—	—		—		—		464		—		464		—		464		—
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	—		—	—		—		—		(1,087)		—		(1,087)		—		(1,087)		—
Other comprehensive loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(13,060)		(13,060)		(1,466)		(14,526)		—
Net income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—		(6,296)		—		(6,296)		731		(5,565)		—
Balance at June 30, 2018	32,597,697		326	(2,879,999)		(39,652)		266,589		231,100		(53,741)		404,622		16,725		421,347		—
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	9,918		—	—		—		134		—		—		134		—		134		—
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options	—		—	—		—		64		—		—		64		—		64		3
Restricted stock awards vested	162,090		2	—		—		(2)		—		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	—		—	—		—		(5,152)		—		—		(5,152)		—		(5,152)		—
Share-based compensation	—		—	—		—		8,022		—		—		8,022		—		8,022		—
Reclassification of previously recognized  stock compensation related to liabilities classified awards for Polaris to liabilities	—		—	—		—		(617)		—		—		(617)		—		(617)		—
Adjustments of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	—		—	—		—		(37,842)		—		—		(37,842)		(16,450)		(54,292)		54,850
Payment of redeemable noncontrolling interest related to Polaris	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(28,395)
Foreign currency translation on redeemable noncontrolling interest	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(2,045)
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	—		—	—		—		—		(1,088)		—		(1,088)		—		(1,088)		—
Other comprehensive loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(10,492)		(10,492)		—		(10,492)		(255)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		1,505		—		1,505		—		1,505		456
Balance at September 30, 2018	32,769,705		328	(2,879,999)		(39,652)		231,196		231,517		(64,233)		359,156		275		359,431		24,614
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		50
Restricted stock awards vested	11,669		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	—		—	—		—		(226)		—		—		(226)		—		(226)		—
Share-based compensation	—		—	—		—		6,993		—		—		6,993		—		6,993		—
Subsidiary share-based compensation	—		—	—		—		6		—		—		6		—		6		—
Other	—		—	—		—		(115)		—		—		(115)		(290)		(405)		—
Adjustments of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	—		—	—		—		33		—		—		33		—		33		603
Payment of redeemable noncontrolling interest related to Polaris	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(1,992)
Foreign currency translation on redeemable noncontrolling interest	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		995
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	—		—	—		—		—		(1,087)		—		(1,087)		—		(1,087)		—
Other comprehensive income	—		—	—		—		—		—		3,478		3,478		—		3,478		448
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		12,576		—		12,576		15		12,591		206
Balance at December 31, 2018	32,781,374		328	(2,879,999)		(39,652)		237,887		243,006		(60,755)		380,814		—		380,814		24,924

6

											Accumulated		Total
							Additional				Other		Virtusa		Non-		Total
	Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Paid-in		Retained		Comprehensive		Stockholders’		controlling		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Loss		Equity		interest		equity
Balances at March 31, 2017	31,762,214	$	318	(1,856,703)	$	(9,652)	$	305,387	$	240,728	$	(39,749)	$	497,032	$	87,984	$	585,016
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	117,094		1	—		—		1,628		—		—		1,629		—		1,629
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options	—		—	—		—		142		—		—		142		—		142
Restricted stock awards vested	94,831		1	—		—		(1)		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	—		—	—		—		(1,416)		—		—		(1,416)		—		(1,416)
Repurchase of common stock	—		—	(947,706)		(27,319)		—		—		—		(27,319)		—		(27,319)
Share-based compensation	—		—	—		—		4,731		—		—		4,731		—		4,731
Subsidiary share-based compensation	—		—	—		—		57		—		—		57		—		57
Other	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	—		—	—		—		—		(701)		—		(701)		—		(701)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—		—		(379)		(379)		273		(106)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		3,658		—		3,658		989		4,647
Balance at June 30, 2017	31,974,139		320	(2,804,409)		(36,971)		310,528		243,685		(40,128)		477,434		89,246		566,680
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	90,555		1	—		—		1,087		—		—		1,088		—		1,088
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options	—		—	—		—		54		—		—		54		—		54
Restricted stock awards vested	86,399		1	—		—		(1)		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	—		—	—		—		(1,015)		—		—		(1,015)		—		(1,015)
Repurchase of common stock	—		—	(75,590)		(2,681)		—		—		—		(2,681)		—		(2,681)
Share-based compensation	—		—	—		—		6,090		—		—		6,090		—		6,090
Subsidiary share-based compensation	—		—	—		—		52		—		—		52		—		52
Other	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	—		—	—		—		—		(1,087)		—		(1,087)		—		(1,087)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(2,600)		(2,600)		(779)		(3,379)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		4,768		—		4,768		2,824		7,592
Balance at September 30, 2017	32,151,093		322	(2,879,999)		(39,652)		316,795		247,366		(42,728)		482,103		91,291		573,394
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	54,474		—	—		—		632		—		—		632		—		632
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options	—		—	—		—		440		—		—		440		—		440
Restricted stock awards vested	17,819		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	—		—	—		—		(322)		—		—		(322)		—		(322)
Share-based compensation	—		—	—		—		9,091		—		—		9,091		—		9,091
Subsidiary share-based compensation	—		—	—		—		27		—		—		27		—		27
Other	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	—		—	—		—		—		(1,087)		—		(1,087)		—		(1,087)
Other comprehensive income	—		—	—		—		—		—		2,777		2,777		1,797		4,574
Net income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—		(10,055)		—		(10,055)		2,134		(7,921)
Balance at December 31, 2017	32,223,386		322	(2,879,999)		(39,652)		326,663		236,224		(39,951)		483,606		95,222		578,828

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

7

Virtusa Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended
	December 31,
	2018		2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	9,192	$	4,318
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		21,696		20,711
Share-based compensation expense		24,104		20,048
Provision (recovery) for doubtful accounts		(549)		1,025
Gain on disposal of property and equipment		(115)		(40)
Impairment of investment		885		—
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net		11,794		(1,019)
Amortization of discounts and premiums on investments		84		258
Amortization of debt issuance cost		819		847
Deferred income taxes, net		(6,225)		5,219
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable		4,780		(6,754)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(7,729)		(3,860)
Other long-term assets		(11,702)		(2,760)
Accounts payable		12,014		(352)
Accrued employee compensation and benefits		(9,041)		2,167
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		13,135		6,855
Income taxes payable		2,975		(4,300)
Other long-term liabilities		3,705		11,818
Net cash provided by operating activities		69,822		54,181
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		568		217
Purchase of short-term investments		(84,185)		(88,033)
Proceeds from sale or maturity of short-term investments		88,204		118,614
Purchase of long-term investments		—		(16,772)
Proceeds from sale or maturity of long-term investments		—		1,606
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(1,919)		(600)
Purchase of property and equipment		(24,715)		(11,242)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(22,047)		3,790
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options		428		3,351
Proceeds from exercise of subsidiary stock options		531		636
Proceeds from revolving credit facility		32,000		25,000
Payment of debt		(9,375)		(81,000)
Payment of other noncontrolling interest		(373)		—
Payments of withholding taxes related to net share settlements of restricted stock		(7,828)		(2,753)
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock proceeds, net of issuance costs of $1,154		—		106,846
Repurchase of common stock		—		(30,000)
Principal payments on capital lease obligation		(65)		(161)
Payment of contingent consideration related to acquisitions		(100)		—
Payment of redeemable noncontrolling interest related to Polaris		(30,387)		—
Payment of dividend on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		(3,138)		(2,081)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(18,307)		19,838
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(13,530)		4,123
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		15,938		81,932
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		195,236		145,086
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	211,174	$	227,018

8

Virtusa Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets:

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Balance sheet classification
Cash and cash equivalents	$	210,579	$	194,897
Restricted cash in current assets		413		301
Restricted cash in other long-term assets		182		38
Total restricted cash	$	595	$	339
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	211,174	$	195,236

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

9

Virtusa Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(1) Nature of the Business

Virtusa Corporation (the “Company”, “Virtusa”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is a global provider of digital engineering and information technology (“IT”) outsourcing services that accelerate business outcomes for our clients. We support Forbes Global 2000 clients across large, consumer facing industries like banking, financial services, insurance, healthcare, communications, and media and entertainment, as these clients seek to improve their business performance through accelerating revenue growth, delivering compelling consumer experiences, improving operational efficiencies, and lowering overall IT costs. We provide services across the entire spectrum of the IT services lifecycle, from strategy and consulting to technology and user experience (“UX”) design, development of IT applications, systems integration, testing and business assurance, and maintenance and support services, including infrastructure and managed services. We help our clients solve critical business problems by leveraging a combination of our distinctive consulting approach, unique platforming methodology, and deep domain and technology expertise.

Our services enable our clients to accelerate business outcomes by consolidating, rationalizing and modernizing their core customer-facing processes into one or more core systems. We deliver cost-effective solutions through a global delivery model, applying advanced delivery methods such as Agile, an industry standard technique designed to accelerate application development. We also use our consulting methodology, which we refer to as Accelerated Solution Design (“ASD”), which is a collaborative decision-making and design process performed with the client to ensure our solutions meet the client’s specifications and requirements. Our industry leading business transformational solutions combine deep domain expertise with our strengths in software engineering and business consulting to support our clients’ business-imperative initiatives across business growth and IT operations.

Headquartered in Massachusetts, we have offices in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, with global delivery centers in India, Sri Lanka, Hungary, Singapore and Malaysia, as well as near shore delivery centers in the United States.

(2) Unaudited Interim Financial Information

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on May 25, 2018. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been included, and all material adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected to occur for the entire fiscal year.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis and reflect the financial statements of Virtusa Corporation and all of its subsidiaries that are directly or indirectly more than 50% owned or controlled. When the Company does not have a controlling interest in an entity, but exerts a significant influence on the entity, the Company

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applies the equity method of accounting. For those majority-owned subsidiaries that are not 100% owned by the Company, the interests of the minority owners are accounted for as noncontrolling interests.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including the recoverability of tangible assets, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Management re-evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis. The most significant estimates relate to the recognition of revenue and profits based on the percentage of completion method of accounting for fixed-price contracts, share-based compensation, income taxes, including reserves for uncertain tax positions, deferred taxes and liabilities, intangible assets, contingent consideration and valuation of financial instruments including derivative contracts and investments. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The actual amounts may vary from the estimates used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

At December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, unbilled accounts receivable, restricted cash, accounts payable, accrued employee compensation and benefits, other accrued expenses and long-term debt, approximate their fair values due to the nature of the items. See Note 5 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Unless otherwise discussed below, the adoption of new accounting standards did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued an Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606”) as well as other clarifications and technical guidance related to this new revenue standard, including ASC Topic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs — Contracts with Customers (“ASC 340-40”). ASC Topic 606 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. In March, April and May 2016, the FASB issued updates to the new revenue standard to clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations for reporting revenue gross versus net, identifying performance obligations, accounting for licenses of intellectual property, transition, contract modifications, collectability, non-cash consideration and presentation of sales and other similar taxes with the same effective date. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective method. The Company adopted the standard effective April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of that date. Upon adoption of ASC Topic 606 on April 1, 2018, the Company recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings of approximately $464, after a tax impact of $142. The impact of adoption primarily relates to the longer period of amortization for costs to fulfill a contract compared to the amortization period prior to adoption.

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The following table summarizes the cumulative effect of adopting ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method of adoption as of April 1, 2018:

	Balance as of			ASC Topic 606	Balance as of
	March 31, 2018			Adjustments	April 1, 2018
Balance Sheet :
Assets
Other current assets	$	21,229	$	(62)	$	21,167
Deferred income taxes		31,528		(142)		31,386
Other long-term assets		11,772		668		12,440
Stockholders’ equity
Retained earnings	$	238,019	$	464	$	238,483

See Note 8 “Revenues” in the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding revenues.

In January 2016, the FASB issued an update (ASU 2016-01) to the standard on financial instruments. The update significantly revises an entity’s accounting related to (1) the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and (2) the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. The update also amends certain disclosure requirements. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Upon adoption, entities will be required to make a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. However, the specific guidance on equity securities without readily determinable fair value will apply prospectively to all equity investments that exist as of the date of adoption. The Company adopted this guidance on April 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements, therefore, the Company did not record any cumulative adjustments to the opening retained earnings in the consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash (Topic 230), which is intended to reduce diversity in practice on how changes in restricted cash are classified and presented in the statement of cash flows. This ASU requires amounts generally described as restricted cash to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company adopted the standard effective April 1, 2018 using the retrospective method. As a result of the adoption, the Company restated its consolidated statement of cash flows for all of the prior periods presented. The following table summarizes the impact of this standard on the Company’s consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended December 31, 2017:

	As Reported		Restated		Effect
Cash flows from investing activities:
Increase in restricted cash	$	(119)	$	—	$	119
Net cash provided by investing activities		3,671		3,790		119
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		4,120		4,123		3
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		81,810		81,932		122
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		144,908		145,086		178
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	226,718	$	227,018	$	300

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost”, a guidance on presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The new standard requires that an employer disaggregate the service costs components of net benefit cost. The employer is required to report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component, such as in other income and expense. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this guidance effective April 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the

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Company presented the service cost component in costs of revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses. The other components of net periodic pension cost are presented within other (income) expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements, therefore, the Company did not retrospectively change the presentation of the financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The new standard is intended to simplify aspects of share-based compensation issued to non-employees by making the guidance consistent with accounting for employee share-based compensation. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company early adopted this guidance effective April 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Unless otherwise discussed below, the Company believes the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an update (ASU 2016-02) to the standard on leases to increase transparency and comparability among organizations. The FASB subsequently issued ASU 2018-10,  ASU 2018-11 in July 2018 and ASU 2018-20 in December 2018, which provide clarifications and improvements to this new standard. ASU 2018-11 also provides the optional transition method which allows companies to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date instead of at the earliest comparative period presented. The new standard replaces the existing guidance on leases and requires the lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with lease terms equal to or greater than twelve months. For finance leases, the lessee would recognize interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use asset, and for operating leases, the lessee would recognize total lease expense on a straight-line basis. For public business entities this standard is effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption of this new standard is permitted. Entities will be required to use a modified retrospective transition which provides for certain practical expedients. The Company has developed a transition plan, which includes evaluating its population of leased assets to assess the impact of the ASU on its lease portfolio, and designing and implementing new processes and controls. The Company is currently planning to elect the package of practical expedients which permits the Company to not reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs. While the Company continues to assess the potential impact of this ASU, it does anticipate this ASU will have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheets primarily due to recognizing a right-to-use-asset and a lease liability for operating leases.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. This standard update requires financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). The amendments in this Update allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Consequently, the amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The amendments in this Update also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted, including interim periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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(3) Earnings (Loss) per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss), less any dividends and accretion of issuance cost on the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. In computing diluted EPS, the Company adjusts the numerator used in the basic EPS computation, subject to anti-dilution requirements, to add back the dividends (declared or cumulative undeclared) applicable to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. Such add-back would also include any adjustments to equity in the period to accrete the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to its redemption price. The Company adjusts the denominator used in the basic EPS computation, subject to anti-dilution requirements, to include the dilution from potential shares resulting from the issuance of restricted stock units, unvested restricted stock and stock options along with the conversion of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to common stock. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the periods set forth below:

The components of basic earnings (loss) per share are as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Numerators:
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders	$	12,576	$	(10,055)	$	7,785	$	(1,629)
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion		1,087		1,087		3,262		2,875
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	11,489	$	(11,142)	$	4,523	$	(4,504)
Denominators:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		29,893,220		29,295,730		29,764,507		29,387,977
Basic earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.38	$	(0.38)	$	0.15	$	(0.15)

The components of diluted earnings (loss) per share are as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Numerators:
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	11,489	$	(11,142)	$	4,523	$	(4,504)
Add : Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion		1,087		—		—		—
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders and assumed conversion	$	12,576	$	(11,142)	$	4,523	$	(4,504)
Denominators:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		29,893,220		29,295,730		29,764,507		29,387,977
Dilutive effect of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock if converted		3,000,000		—		—		—
Dilutive effect of employee stock options and unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units		768,508		—		833,607		—
Weighted average shares—diluted		33,661,728		29,295,730		30,598,114		29,387,977
Diluted earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.37	$	(0.38)	$	0.15	$	(0.15)

During the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, unvested restricted stock awards and unvested restricted stock units issuable for, and options to purchase, 20,617 and 1,366,212 shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings (loss) per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.  For the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the weighted average shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

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of 0 and 3,000,000, respectively, were excluded from the diluted earnings (loss) per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive using the if-converted method.

During the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, unvested restricted stock awards and unvested restricted stock units issuable for, and options to purchase, 13,745 and 1,598,783 shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings (loss) per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the weighted average shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of 3,000,000 and 2,637,363, respectively, were excluded from the diluted earnings (loss) per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive using the if-converted method.

(4) Investment Securities

At December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, all of the Company’s investment securities were classified as available-for-sale securities and equity securities. These were carried on its balance sheet at their fair market value. A fair market value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs was used to measure each security (See Note 5 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments).

The following is a summary of investment securities at December 31, 2018:

			Gross		Gross		Other-than temporary
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		impairment
	Cost		Gains		Losses		recognized in earnings		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate bonds:
Current	$	8,800	$	—	$	(21)	$	—	$	8,779
Preference shares:		1,599		—		—		(885)		714
Time Deposits:
Current		18,109		—		—		—		18,109
Equity securities:
Mutual funds:
Current		14,564		189		—		—		14,753
Equity Shares/ Options:
Non-current		7		141		—		—		148
Total available-for-sale securities and equity securities	$	43,079	$	330	$	(21)	$	(885)	$	42,503

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The following is a summary of investment securities at March 31, 2018:

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate bonds:
Current	$	25,397	$	—	$	(126)	$	25,271
Non-current		2,293		—		(22)		2,271
Preference shares:
Non-current		1,726		—		(70)		1,656
Agency and short-term notes:
Current		800		—		(1)		799
Mutual funds:
Current		1,540		11		—		1,551
Equity Shares/ Options:
Non-current		15		198		—		213
Time deposits:
Current		18,279		—		—		18,279
Total available-for-sale securities	$	50,050	$	209	$	(219)	$	50,040

The Company evaluates investments with unrealized losses to determine if the losses are other than temporary. In making this determination, the Company considered the financial condition, credit ratings and near-term prospects of the issuers, the underlying collateral of the investments, and the magnitude of the losses as compared to the cost and the length of time the investments have been in an unrealized loss position. Additionally, while the Company classifies the securities as available for sale, the Company does not currently intend to sell such investments and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell such investments prior to the recovery of their carrying value.

During the three months ending December 31, 2018, the issuer of the Company’s investment in preference shares began showing signs of financial distress. This included down-grades to its credit rating and a decrease in trading activity and market pricing for this security. Due to the uncertainty in recovering the amortized cost of this security, the Company has determined the unrealized losses are other-than-temporary and recorded the impairment in earnings. The Company has determined that other unrealized losses at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 are temporary.

The following is a summary of other-than-temporary impairment unrealized losses recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2018:

	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
	2018
Unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive loss as of September 30, 2018	$	242
Add: unrealized losses recognized		643
Less: Other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings		(885)
Unrealized losses in other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2018	$	—

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Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities and the gross gains and losses that have been included in earnings as a result of those sales were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Proceeds from sales or maturities of available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities	$	27,633	$	57,391	$	88,204	$	120,220
Gross gains	$	253	$	241	$	639	$	916
Gross losses		—		(36)		(32)		(127)
Net realized gains on sales of available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities	$	253	$	205	$	607	$	789

(5) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company uses a framework for measuring fair value under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflected in the consolidated financial statements at carrying value include marketable securities and other financial instruments which approximate fair value. Fair value for marketable securities is determined using a market approach based on quoted market prices at period end in active markets. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following.

· Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

· Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

· Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2018:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investments:
Available-for-sales securities—current	$	—	$	26,888		—	$	26,888
Equity securities—current		—		14,753		—		14,753
Available-for-sales securities—non-current		—		714		—		714
Equity securities—non-current		—		148		—		148
Derivative financial instruments:
Foreign currency derivative contracts		—		3,774		—		3,774
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		1,779		—		1,779
Total assets	$	—	$	48,056	$	—	$	48,056
Liabilities:
Foreign currency derivative contracts		—		1,439	$	—		1,439
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		2,333		—		2,333
Total liabilities	$	—	$	3,772	$	—	$	3,772

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The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2018:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investments:
Available-for-sales securities—current	$	—	$	45,900		—	$	45,900
Available-for-sales securities—non-current		—		4,140		—		4,140
Foreign currency derivative contracts		—		2,122		—		2,122
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		2,486		—		2,486
Total assets	$	—	$	54,648	$	—	$	54,648
Liabilities:
Foreign currency derivative contracts	$	—		1,023	$	—		1,023
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		—		—		—
Contingent consideration		—		—		100		100
Total liabilities	$	—	$	1,023	$	100	$	1,123

(6) Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its foreign exchange policy on an ongoing basis to assess its ability to address foreign exchange exposures on its consolidated balance sheets, statements of income and consolidated statement of cash flows from all foreign currencies, including most significantly the U.K. pound sterling and Indian rupee. The Company enters into hedging programs with highly rated financial institutions in accordance with its foreign exchange policy (as approved by the Company’s audit committee and board of directors) which permits hedging of material, known foreign currency exposures. There is no margin required, no cash collateral posted or received by us related to our foreign exchange forward contracts.

The U.S. dollar notional value of all outstanding foreign currency derivative contracts was $158,881 and $140,347 at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively. Unrealized net gains related to these contracts which are expected to be reclassified from AOCI to earnings during the next 12 months are $1,548 at December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, the maximum outstanding term of any derivative instrument was 18 months.

The Company also uses interest rate swaps to mitigate the Company’s interest rate risk on the Company’s variable rate debt. The Company’s objective is to limit the variability of cash flows associated with changes in LIBOR interest rate payments due on the Credit Agreement (See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements), by using pay-fixed, receive-variable interest rate swaps to offset the future variable rate interest payments.

The Company purchased interest rate swaps in July 2016 with an effective date of July 2017 and in November 2018.  The July 2016 interest rate swaps are at a blended weighted average of 1.025% and the Company will receive 1-month LIBOR on the same notional amounts. The November 2018 interest rate swaps were entered into to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with the Credit Agreement executed in February 2018 and subsequent additional borrowings. The November 2018 interest rate swaps are at a fixed rate of 2.85% and are designed to maintain a 50% coverage of our LIBOR debt, therefore the notional amount changes over the life of the swap to retain the 50% coverage target. At December 31, 2018, the total notional amounts of the interest rate swaps were $163,812 with remaining maturity of approximately 4 years.

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The following table sets forth the fair value of derivative instruments included in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018:

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Foreign currency exchange contracts:
Other current assets	$	2,987	$	2,109
Other long-term assets	$	787	$	13
Accrued expenses and other	$	1,439	$	1,023
Long-term liabilities	$	—	$	—

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Interest rate swap contracts:
Other long-term assets	$	1,779	$	2,486
Long-term liabilities	$	2,333	$	—

The following tables set forth the effect of the Company’s foreign currency exchange contracts and interest rate swap contracts on the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives
Derivatives Designated as	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	2018		2017		2018		2017
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	9,398	$	4,211	$	(2,203)	$	4,811
Interest rate swaps	$	(2,776)	$	518	$	(2,310)	$	281

	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income
Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
from AOCI into Income	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenue	$	(510)	$	2,334	$	(1,673)	$	7,846
Costs of revenue	$	(846)	$	1,432	$	(1,187)	$	5,484
Operating expenses	$	(405)	$	750	$	(578)	$	3,060
Interest Expenses	$	288		59	$	731		93

		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income
		(loss) on Derivatives
		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
Derivatives not Designated	Location of Gain Or (Loss)	December 31,				December 31,
as Hedging Instruments	Recognized in Income on Derivatives	2018		2017		2018		2017
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Foreign currency transaction gains  (losses)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
	Revenue	$	1,131	$	216	$	2,237	$	(120)
	Costs of revenue	$	(784)	$	(177)	$	(1,537)	$	55
	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	(75)	$	(94)	$	(93)	$	(41)

(7) Acquisitions

On March 12, 2018, (i) the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement by and among the Company, eTouch Systems Corp. (“eTouch US”) and each of the equity holders of eTouch US to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US, and (ii) certain of the Company’s Indian subsidiaries entered into a share purchase agreement by and among those Company subsidiaries, eTouch Systems (India) Pvt. Ltd (“eTouch India,” together with eTouch US, “eTouch”) and the equity holders of eTouch India to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch India (together with the acquisition of eTouch US, the “Acquisition”). The Acquisition strengthens our digital engineering capabilities, and establishes a solid base in Silicon Valley.

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Under the terms of the equity purchase agreement and the share purchase agreement, on March 12, 2018, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US and eTouch India for approximately $140,000 in cash, subject to certain adjustments, with up to an additional $15,000 set aside for retention bonuses to be paid to eTouch management and key employees, in equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the transaction. The purchase price is being paid in three tranches with $80,000 paid at closing, $42,500 on the 12-month anniversary of the close of the transaction, and $17,500 on the 18-month anniversary of the close of the transaction, subject in each case to certain adjustments. The Company utilized the net cash proceeds of a $70,000 delayed draw term loan funded pursuant to the Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements) and $10,000 of cash on hand to make the payments due at the closing of the Acquisition. The Company paid an amount equal to $66,000 to the equity holders of eTouch US, and an amount equal to $14,000 to the equity holders of eTouch India, which together comprise the first of three tranches of the purchase price to be paid in connection with the closing of the Acquisition.

The purchase price is subject to adjustment after the closing in the event the working capital associated with eTouch deviates from a threshold amount and other contractual adjustments.

Under the purchase method of accounting, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their estimated fair values. The Company may continue to adjust the preliminary estimated fair values after obtaining more information regarding asset valuations, liabilities assumed, and revision of preliminary estimates. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded $7,100 as a reduction of goodwill related to updating the fair value assessment of customer relationships and trademark, $1,104 as an increase in goodwill related to a tax liability payable to the equity holders of eTouch US and $126 as an increase in goodwill related to other adjustments. The following are the preliminary fair values of assets and liabilities based on information available as of December 31, 2018 and may be subject to change during the measurement period.

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A summary of the fair values for eTouch is as follows:

	Amount		Useful Life
Consideration Transferred:
Cash paid at closing	$	80,000
Fair value of the future payments		57,858
Tax related liability		10,417
Fair value of consideration		148,275
Less: Cash acquired		2,241
Total purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	146,034
Assets and Liabilities:
Cash and cash equivalents		2,241
Accounts receivable		15,522
Unbilled receivables		2,986
Prepaid expenses		815
Other current assets		375
Property and equipment		2,798
Other long-term assets		98
Goodwill		79,747
Trademark		900	2 years
Customer relationships		53,000	10 - 15 years
Accounts payable		(3,267)
Deferred revenue		(852)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(721)
Accrued employee compensation and benefits		(4,197)
Income taxes payable		(250)
Deferred income taxes		(368)
Other long-term liabilities		(552)
Total purchase price	$	148,275

Acquisition costs are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. The primary items that generated goodwill are the value of the acquired assembled workforces and synergies between eTouch and the Company, neither of which qualify as an amortizable intangible asset.

(8) Revenues

Effective April 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”) as amended. The Company adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective method by recognizing the cumulative effect of adoption as an adjustment to retained earnings as of April 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after April 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with Revenue Recognition (“Topic 605”). The impact of adoption of the new guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of April 1, 2018 is presented in Note 2 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Revenue recognition

The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

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The Company generally recognizes revenue for services over time as the Company’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls from fixed price contracts related to complex design, development and customization. For these contracts, the Company measures the progress and recognizes revenue using effort-based input methods, as the Company performs, based on actual efforts spent compared to the total expected efforts for the contract. The use of the effort based input method requires significant judgment relative to estimating total efforts, including assumptions relative to the length of time to complete the project and the nature and complexity of the work to be performed. Estimates of total efforts are continuously monitored during the term of the contract and are subject to revision as the contract progresses. When revisions in estimated contract revenue and efforts are determined, such adjustments are recorded in the period in which they are first identified. An input method is used to recognize revenue as the value of services provided to the customer is best represented by the hours expended to deliver those services.

The Company generally recognizes revenue for services over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the Company performs for fixed-price contracts related to consulting or other IT services. For these contracts, the Company measures the progress and recognizes revenue using effort-based input methods as the Company performs based on actual efforts spent compared to the total expected efforts for the contract. The cumulative impact of any change in estimates of the contract revenue is reflected in the period in which the changes become known.

The Company has applied the as-invoiced practical expedient to recognize revenues for services the Company renders to customers on time and material basis contracts.

The Company generally recognizes revenue from fixed-price applications management, maintenance, or support engagements over time as customers receive and consume the benefits of such services and have applied the as-invoiced practical expedient to recognize revenue for services the Company renders to customers based on the amount the Company has a right to invoice, which is representative of the value being delivered.

Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specification and requirements. The Company considers a contract modification when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. The accounting for modifications involves assessing whether the services added to an existing contract are distinct and whether the pricing is at the standalone selling price. Services added that are not distinct are accounted for on a cumulative catch up basis, while those that are distinct are accounted for prospectively, either as a separate contract if the additional services are priced at the standalone selling price, or as a termination of the existing contract and creation of a new contract if not priced at the standalone selling price.

Certain customers may receive discounts, incentive payments or service level credits. A portion of the revenues relating to such arrangements are accounted for as variable consideration when the amount of revenue to be recognized can be estimated to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of any revenue will not occur. The Company estimates these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and adjusts revenues recognized. The Company’s estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price may involve judgment and are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information that is reasonably available to us.

From time to time, the Company may enter into contracts with customers that include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on an expected cost plus a margin approach.

The Company’s warranties generally provide a customer with assurance that the related deliverable will function as the parties intended because it complies with agreed-upon specifications and is therefore not considered as an additional performance obligation in the contract.

When the Company receives consideration from a customer prior to transferring services to the customer under the terms of a contract, the Company records deferred revenue, which represents a contract liability. The Company recognizes deferred revenue as revenue after the Company has transferred control of the services to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria are met.

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The Company’s payment terms vary by the type and location of its customers. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. As a practical expedient, the Company does not assess the existence of a significant financing component when the difference between payment and transfer of deliverables is one year or less.

The Company reports gross reimbursable “out-of-pocket” expenses incurred as both revenues and cost of revenues.

Any tax assessed by a governmental authority that is incurred as a result of a revenue transaction (e.g. sales tax) is excluded from the Company’s assessment of transaction prices.

Costs to obtain and fulfill

The Company’s costs to obtain contracts are generally expensed as incurred, as the liability is not solely a result of obtaining the contract. The costs to obtain contracts are triggered by multiple conditions such as being contingent on future performance, including continued employment and revenue recognized associated with the contract.

The Company’s recurring operating costs for contracts with customers are recognized as expense as incurred. Certain eligible costs incurred in the initial phases of the Company’s application maintenance, business process outsourcing and infrastructure services contracts (i.e. set-up or transition costs) are capitalized when such costs (1) relate directly to the contract, (2) generate or enhance resources of the Company that will be used in satisfying the performance obligation in the future, and (3) are expected to be recovered. These costs are expensed ratably over the estimated life of the customer relationship, including expected renewals. In determining the estimated life of the customer relationship, the Company evaluates the contract term, the expected life of the enhanced assets as well as the rate of technological and industry change. Capitalized amounts are monitored regularly for impairment. Impairment losses are recorded when projected remaining undiscounted operating cash flows are not sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the capitalized costs to fulfill.

The following table presents information related to the capitalized costs to fulfill, such as set-up or transition activities, for the nine months ended December 31, 2018:

	Costs to Fulfill
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	4,278
Costs capitalized		2,155
Amortization expense		(1,656)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(174)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	4,603

Costs to fulfill are recorded in “Other current assets” and “Other long-term assets” in the consolidated balance sheets.

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The following table summarizes the impacts of changes in accounting policies after adoption of ASC 606 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018:

	As of December 31, 2018
					Impacts of the New
	As reported		Pro-forma Amounts		Revenue standard
Balance Sheet :
Assets
Other current assets (1)	$	26,978	$	26,447	$	531
Total current assets						531
Deferred income taxes (3)		24,220		24,527		(307)
Other long-term assets (1)		22,201		22,244		(43)
Total Assets					$	181
Liabilities, Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, Redeemable noncontrolling interest and Stockholders’ equity
Deferred revenue (2)		6,120		7,051		(931)
Total current liabilities						(931)
Stockholders’ equity:
Retained earnings		243,006		241,894		1,112
Total liabilities, Series A convertible preferred stock, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity					$	181

	Three Months ended						Nine Months ended
	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2018
					Impact from						Impact from
			Pro-forma		New Revenue				Pro-forma		New Revenue
	As reported		Amounts		Standard		As reported		Amounts		Standard
Revenue (2)	$	314,681	$	314,017	$	664	$	920,232	$	919,301	$	931
Costs of revenue (1)		221,461		221,560		(99)		654,288		654,776		(488)
Gross profit		93,220		92,457		763		265,944		264,525		1,419
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses		73,935		73,935		—		218,716		218,716		—
Income from operations		19,285		18,522		763		47,228		45,809		1,419
Other income (expense)		3,912		3,912		-		(22,173)		(22,173)		-
Income before income tax expense		23,197		22,434		763		25,055		23,636		1,419
Income tax expense (3)		10,400		10,264		136		15,863		15,556		307
Net income	$	12,797	$	12,170	$	627	$	9,192		8,080	$	1,112
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax		221		221		—		1,407		1,407		—
Net income available to Virtusa stockholders	$	12,576	$	11,949	$	627	$	7,785		6,673	$	1,112
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion		1,087		1,087		—		3,262		3,262		—
Net income available to Virtusa common stockholders		11,489		10,862		627		4,523		3,411		1,112
Basic earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.38	$	0.36	$	0.02	$	0.15		0.11	$	0.04
Diluted earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.37	$	0.35	$	0.02	$	0.15		0.11	$	0.04

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Notes

(1) Reflects the impact of a longer period of amortization for costs to fulfill a contract.

(2) Reflects the impact of changes in timing of revenue recognition on our software licenses and certain fixed-price application maintenance contracts.

(3) Reflects the income tax impact of the above items.

Receivables and Contract Balances

The Company classifies its right to consideration in exchange for deliverables as either a receivable or a contract asset. A receivable is a right to consideration that is unconditional (i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment is due). The Company presents such receivables in accounts receivable or unbilled accounts receivable, in its consolidated statements of financial position at their net estimated realizable value.

Contract assets included in unbilled accounts receivable are recorded when services have been provided but the Company does not have an unconditional right to receive consideration. Contracts assets are primarily related to unbilled amounts on fixed-price contracts utilizing the input method of revenue recognition. The timing between services rendered and timing of payment is less than one year. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the contract carrying amount is greater than the remaining consideration receivable, less directly related costs to be incurred. 

The table below shows significant movements during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 in contract assets:

	Contract Assets
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	15,998
Revenues recognized during the period but not yet billed		92,564
Amounts billed		(95,457)
Other		(507)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	12,598

Contract liabilities comprise amounts billed to customers for revenues not yet earned. Such amounts are anticipated to be recorded as revenues when services are performed in subsequent periods.

The table below shows significant movements in the deferred revenue balances during the nine months ended December 31, 2018:

	Contract
	Liabilities
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	7,908
Amounts billed but not yet recognized as revenues		5,310
Revenues recognized related to the opening balance of deferred revenue		(6,761)
Other		(337)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	6,120

Remaining performance obligation

ASC 606 requires that the Company discloses the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of December 31, 2018. This disclosure is not required for:

(1)contracts with an original duration of one year or less, including contracts that can be terminated for convenience without a substantive penalty,

(2)contracts for which the Company recognizes revenues based on the right to invoice for services performed,

(3)variable consideration allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-14(b), for which the criteria in ASC 606- 10-32-40 have been met, or

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(4)variable consideration in the form of a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property.

Many of the Company’s performance obligations meet one or more of these exemptions. As of December 31, 2018, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations, other than those meeting the exclusion criteria above, was $50,363 and will be recognized as revenue within 4 years.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The table below presents disaggregated revenues from the Company’s contracts with customers by geography, industry groups, service offerings and contract-type. The Company believes this disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenues and cash flows are affected by industry, market and other economic factors.

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by geography:	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
North America	$	224,143	$	652,076
Europe		65,046		192,175
Rest of World		25,492		75,981
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by Customer’s Industry Groups	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Banking financial services insurance	$	197,329	$	578,138
Communications and Technology		89,159		257,527
Media & Information and Other		28,193		84,567
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by service offerings	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Application outsourcing	$	165,986	$	488,584
Consulting		148,695		431,648
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by contract type	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Time-and-materials	$	189,134	$	552,530
Fixed-price*		125,547		367,702
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

* Fixed-price includes both retainer-billing basis and fixed-price progress towards completion

(9) Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On May 3, 2017, the Company entered into an investment agreement with The Orogen Group (‘‘Orogen’’) pursuant to which Orogen purchased 108,000 shares of the Company’s newly issued Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, initially convertible into 3,000,000 shares of common stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $108,000 with an initial conversion price of $36.00 (the ‘‘Orogen Preferred Stock Financing’’). Under the terms of the investment, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has a 3.875% dividend per annum, payable quarterly in additional shares of common stock and/or cash at the Company’s option. If any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have not been converted into common stock prior to May 3, 2024, the Company will be required to repurchase such shares at a repurchase price equal to the liquidation preference of the repurchased shares plus the amount of accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon. If the Company fails to effect such repurchase, the dividend rate on the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will increase by 1% per annum and an additional 1% per annum on each anniversary of May 3, 2024 during the period in which such

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failure to effect the repurchase is continuing, except that the dividend rate will not increase to more than 6.875% per annum.

In connection with the issuance of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, the Company incurred direct and incremental expenses of $1,154, including financial advisory fees, closing costs, legal expenses and other offering-related expenses. These issuance costs are recorded as a reduction to the proceeds received from issuance of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. These direct and incremental expenses reduced the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, and will be accreted through retained earnings as a deemed dividend from the date of issuance through the first possible known redemption date, May 3, 2024. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded accretions to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock related to its issuance cost. Holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to a cumulative dividend at the rate of 3.875% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company has paid $3,138 and $2,081, respectively, as cash dividend on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had declared and accrued dividends of $686 associated with the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

(10) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill:

The Company has one operating segment. The following are details of the changes in goodwill balance at December 31, 2018:

	Amount
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	297,251
Preliminary fair value adjustment		(5,870)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(10,028)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	281,353

The acquisition costs and goodwill balance deductible for our business acquisitions for tax purposes are $147,216 The acquisition costs and goodwill balance not deductible for tax purposes are $147,041 and relate to the Company’s TradeTech acquisition (closed on January 2, 2014), the Polaris acquisition and the eTouch India acquisition.

Intangible Assets:

The following are details of the Company’s intangible asset carrying amounts acquired and amortization at December 31, 2018.

	Weighted	Gross				Net
	Average	Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	Useful Life	Amount		Amortization		Amount
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer relationships	12.2	$	133,484	$	41,899	$	91,585
Trademark	2.1		3,693		3,111		582
Technology	5.0		500		341		159
	12.0	$	137,677	$	45,351	$	92,326

The intangible assets are being amortized based upon the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are being utilized.

(11) Income Taxes

The Company applies an estimated annual effective tax rate to its year-to-date operating results to determine the interim provision (benefit) for income tax expense. The Company’s effective tax rate was 44.8% and 63.3% for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to an effective tax rate of 148.0% and 86.1% for the three and

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nine months ended December 31, 2017. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 was significantly impacted by electing disregarded entity treatment for certain foreign subsidiaries, Global Intangible Low—taxed Income (“GILTI”) provisions and executive compensation limitations enacted in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), enacted on December 22, 2017 by the U.S. government. The Company’s reported effective tax rate is also impacted by jurisdictional mix of profits and losses in which the Company operates, foreign statutory tax rates in effect, unusual or infrequent discrete items requiring a provision during the period and certain exemptions or tax holidays applicable to the Company.

During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company elected to treat several foreign entities as disregarded entities. The earnings of these subsidiaries will be subject to US taxation as well as local taxation with a corresponding foreign tax credit, at the election of the Company. The election resulted in a deferred tax charge of $6,288 during the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The election also makes available to the Company benefits of foreign tax credits. The Company’s income tax provision for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 includes the expected impact of GILTI and executive compensation limitations of the Tax Act impacting our operating results for the Company’s 2019 fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The Company’s aggregate income tax rate in foreign jurisdictions is comparable to its income tax rate in the United States, as a result of the Tax Act, other than in jurisdictions in which the Company has tax holiday benefits.

The Tax Act contains several key tax provisions that have impacted the Company, including the reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Tax Act also includes a variety of other changes, such as a deemed repatriation tax on accumulated foreign earnings, a limitation on the tax deductibility of interest expense, acceleration of business asset expensing, and reduction in the amount of executive pay that could qualify as a tax deduction, among others. The lower corporate income tax rate required the Company to remeasure its U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities as well as reassess the realizability of its deferred tax assets and liabilities. ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, requires the Company to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment. The Securities and Exchange Commission has issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Job Act (“SAB 118”), which allows the Company to record provisional amounts during a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment of the Tax Act to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded a provisional charge of $17,834 for deemed repatriation of unremitted earnings and a provisional charge of $4,890 primarily to remeasure the Company’s opening U.S. deferred tax assets to reflect the lower statutory rate at which they will be realized. The Company has elected to pay the deemed repatriation tax on unremitted earnings in eight installments through the fiscal year 2025. In July 2018, the Company paid approximately $1,427 representing the first year installment out of the eight yearly installments.

During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Company made a final assessment of the deemed repatriation tax on unremitted earnings and the remeasurement of the Company’s opening U.S. deferred tax assets to reflect the lower statutory rate by the Tax Act as required by SAB 118. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized a $1,628 reduction to income tax expense related to the deemed repatriation of unremitted earnings as the Company finalized its provisional calculation related to the enactment of the Tax Act. The total impact from the Tax Act was $21,096. At December 31, 2018, the remaining deemed repatriation balance is $14,779, of which $1,139 is included in income tax payable and $13,640 is included in long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.

The U.S. Tax Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to GILTI earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. The Company has elected to provide for GILTI in the year incurred. The Company’s results for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 include the expected impact of GILTI. Given the complexity of the GILTI provisions, and foreign tax credit provisions, the Company continues to evaluate the effects of the GILTI provisions on its results. The Company continues to review the anticipated impacts of the base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”), and the associated safe harbor on inter-company payments, which is effective for our fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The Company has not recorded any impact associated with BEAT in the tax rate for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 given the Company’s understanding of current guidance.

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A valuation allowance is required if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the asset will not be realized due to the inability of the Company to generate sufficient taxable income in a specific jurisdiction. The Company has $19,573 and $1,726 of net deferred tax assets in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively, at December 31, 2018. The Company has not recorded valuation allowance as management has concluded it is more likely than not to be utilized before expiration. The Company expects sufficient taxable income in future periods related to the impact of the GILTI and the election to treat several foreign entities as disregarded entities.

The Company’s Indian subsidiaries operate several development centers in areas designated a special economic zone, or SEZ, under the SEZ Act of 2005. In particular, the Company was approved as an SEZ Co-developer and has built a campus on a 6.3 acre parcel of land in Hyderabad, India that has been designated as an SEZ. As an SEZ Co-developer, the Company is entitled to certain tax benefits for any consecutive period of 10 years during the 15 year period starting in fiscal year 2008. The Company has other units at various stages of tax holiday benefit.

In addition, the Company’s Sri Lankan subsidiary, Virtusa (Private) Limited, is operating under a 12-year income tax holiday arrangement that is set to expire on March 31, 2019 and required Virtusa (Private) Limited to retain certain job creation and investment criteria through the expiration of the holiday period. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Company believes it had fulfilled its hiring and investment commitments and is eligible for tax holiday through March 2019. At December 31, 2018, the Company believes it is eligible for continued benefits for the entire 12-year tax holiday.

Due to the geographical scope of the Company’s operations, the Company is subject to tax examinations in various jurisdictions. The Company’s ongoing assessments of the more-likely-than-not outcomes of these examinations and related tax positions require judgment and can increase or decrease the Company’s effective tax rate, as well as impact the Company’s operating results. The specific timing of when the resolution of each tax position will be reached is uncertain. The Company does not believe that the outcome of any ongoing examination will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements within the next twelve months. The Company’s major taxing jurisdictions include the United States, the United Kingdom, India and Sri Lanka. In the United States, the Company remains subject to examination for all tax years ended after March 31, 2014. In the foreign jurisdictions, the Company generally remains subject to examination for tax years ended after March 31, 2005. The Company has been under income tax examination in India, the U.K. and the United States. The Company is currently appealing assessments in India for fiscal years ended March 31, 2005 through 2014. In the United Kingdom, the Company is currently under examination for transfer pricing matters for the years ended March 2014 to March 2017. In the United States, the IRS has initiated an examination of fiscal years ended March 31, 2015 to March 31, 2017.

Unrecognized tax benefits represent uncertain tax positions for which the Company has established reserves. At December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the total liability for unrecognized tax benefits was $7,013 and $7,544, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits may be adjusted upon the closing of the statute of limitations for income tax returns filed in various jurisdictions. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $531 and $107, respectively. The decrease in unrecognized tax benefits in the nine months period ending December 31, 2018 was predominantly due to foreign currency movements and the settlement of a prior period position offset by increases for incremental interest accrued on existing uncertain tax positions.

Undistributed Earnings of Foreign Subsidiaries

A substantial amount of the Company’s income before provision for income tax is from operations earned in its Indian and Sri Lankan subsidiaries and is subject to tax holiday. The Company intends to use accumulated and future earnings of foreign subsidiaries to expand operations outside the United States and, accordingly, undistributed income is considered indefinitely reinvested. The Company does not provide for U.S. income taxes on foreign currency translation or applicable withholding tax until a distribution is declared. At December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $188,183 of cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments that would otherwise be available for potential distribution, if not indefinitely reinvested. If required, such cash and investments could be repatriated to the United States. Due to the various methods by which such earnings could be repatriated in the future, the amount of taxes attributable to the undistributed earnings is not practicably determinable.

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(12) Concentration of Revenue and Assets

Total revenue is attributed to geographic areas based on the location of the client. Long-lived assets represent property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, and are attributed to geographic area based on their location. Geographic information is summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Customer revenue:
United States of America	$	213,542	$	162,549	$	623,224	$	453,013
United Kingdom		52,248		49,598		154,813		139,612
Rest of World		48,891		51,662		142,195		146,703
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	263,809	$	920,232	$	739,328

	December 31,		March 31,
	2018		2018
Long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization:
United States of America	$	211,828	$	213,024
India		262,320		276,512
Rest of World		24,448		25,281
Consolidated long-lived assets, net	$	498,596	$	514,817

Revenue from significant clients as a percentage of the Company’s consolidated revenue was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Customer 1	18.0	%	20.0	%	17.7	%	19.2	%

(13) Debt

On February 6, 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) dated as of February 6, 2018, by and among the Company, its guarantor subsidiaries party thereto, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as joint book runners and lead arrangers. The Credit Agreement replaced the prior $300,000 credit agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and provides for a $200,000 revolving credit facility and a $250,000 term loan and delayed-draw term loan. On August 14, 2018, the Company drew down $32,000 from the credit facility to finance the Polaris Consulting & Services Limited (“Polaris”) delisting open offer. The Company is required under the terms of the Credit Agreement to make quarterly principal payments on the term loan. For the fiscal year ending March 31, 2019, the Company is required to make principal payments of $3,125 per quarter. The Credit Agreement includes customary maximum debt to EBITDA and minimum fixed charge coverage covenants. The term of the Credit Agreement is five years ending February 6, 2023. At December 31, 2018, the interest rates on the term loan and line of credit were 5.03% and 4.95%, respectively.

At December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with its debt covenants and has provided a quarterly certification to its lenders to that effect. The Company believes that it currently meets all conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement to borrow thereunder and it is not aware of any conditions that would prevent it from borrowing part or all of the remaining available capacity under the existing revolving credit facility at December 31, 2018 and through the date of this filing.

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Current portion of long-term debt

The following summarizes our short-term debt balances as of:

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Notes outstanding under the revolving credit facility	$	—	$	—
Term loan- current maturities		12,500		12,500
Less: deferred financing costs, current		(1,093)		(1,093)
Total	$	11,407	$	11,407

Long-term debt, less current portion

The following summarizes our long-term debt balance as of:

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Term loan	$	240,625	$	250,000
Borrowings under revolving credit facility		87,000		55,000
Less:
Current maturities		(12,500)		(12,500)
Deferred financing costs, long-term		(3,453)		(4,273)
Total	$	311,672	$	288,227

In July 2016 and November 2018, the Company entered into interest rate swap transactions to mitigate Company’s interest rate risk on Company’s variable rate debt (See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements).

Beginning in fiscal 2009, the Company’s U.K. subsidiary entered into an agreement with an unrelated financial institution to sell, without recourse or continuing involvement, certain of its European-based accounts receivable balances from one client to such third party financial institution. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, $18,453 of receivables were sold under the terms of the financing agreement. Fees paid pursuant to this agreement were immaterial during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018. No amounts were due as of December 31, 2018, but the Company may elect to use this program again in future periods. However, the Company cannot provide any assurances that this or any other financing facilities will be available or utilized in the future.

(14) Redeemable noncontrolling interest

In connection with the Company’s Indian Subsidiary, Virtusa Consulting Services Private Limited (“Virtusa India”) delisting offer of Polaris and subsequent stock exchange approvals, effective August 1, 2018, the Polaris common shares were delisted in accordance with SEBI Delisting Regulations. For a period of one year following the date of delisting, Virtusa India will, in compliance with SEBI Delisting Regulations, permit the public shareholders of Polaris to tender their shares for sale to Virtusa India at the exit price of INR 480 per share.

In connection with the Polaris delisting offer, during the nine months ended December 31, 2018, Virtusa India purchased 4,436,342 shares, or approximately 4.3% of Polaris common stock from shareholders for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $30,387.

As of December 31, 2018, the Polaris common stock held by noncontrolling interest shareholders was 3,450,896 or approximately 3.34% of Polaris’ basic shares of common stock outstanding. In accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the Company has recorded the fair value of these shares as well as comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest totaling $24,924  and presented this in the mezzanine section of the consolidated balance sheet as redeemable noncontrolling interest.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $857 of Polaris stock options at fair value that were reclassified to current liabilities related to a deemed cash settlement modification resulting from the delisting offer.

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(15) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component were as follows for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Investment securities
Beginning balance	$	(225)	$	220	$	69	$	57
Other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) before reclassifications net of tax of $0, $38, $(52) and $138		(8)		29		(176)		229
Reclassifications from OCI to other income, net of tax of $0, $(18), $12 and $(33)		271		(21)		125		(17)
Less : Noncontrolling interests, net of tax $(5), $(5), $7 and $(27)		(8)		(10)		12		(51)
Comprehensive income (loss) on investment securities, net of tax of $(5), $15, $(33) and $78		255		(2)		(39)		161
Closing balance	$	30	$	218	$	30	$	218
Currency translation adjustments
Beginning balance	$	(57,318)	$	(46,135)	$	(41,207)	$	(50,415)
OCI before reclassifications		(2,477)		4,641		(20,201)		9,068
Less: Noncontrolling interests		(396)		(1,943)		1,217		(2,090)
Comprehensive income (loss) on currency translation adjustments		(2,873)		2,698		(18,984)		6,978
Closing balance	$	(60,191)	$	(43,437)	$	(60,191)	$	(43,437)
Cash flow hedges
Beginning balance	$	(5,179)	$	4,274	$	1,881	$	11,789
OCI before reclassifications net of tax of $1,608, $1,263, $(1,582), and $1,671		5,014		3,467		(2,931)		3,421
Reclassifications from OCI to
—Revenue, net of tax of $178, $(808), $586 and $(2,714)		332		(1,526)		1,087		(5,132)
—Costs of revenue, net of tax of $214, $(129), $303 and $(1,289)		632		(1,303)		884		(4,195)
—Selling, general and administrative expenses, net of tax of $102, $(53), $147 and $(719)		303		(697)		431		(2,341)
— Interest expenses, net of tax of $(74), $(12), $(188) and $(26)		(214)		(47)		(543)		(67)
Less: Noncontrolling interests, net of tax $(23), $83, $17 and $450		(44)		157		35		850
Comprehensive loss on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $2,005, $344, $(717) and $(2,627)		6,023		51		(1,037)		(7,464)
Closing balance	$	844	$	4,325	$	844	$	4,325
Benefit plans
Beginning balance	$	(1,511)	$	(1,088)	$	(1,424)	$	(1,180)
OCI before reclassifications net of tax of $0, $0, $348 and $0		3		—		(349)		—
Reclassifications from OCI for prior service credit (cost) to:
—Costs of revenue, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		2		—		6
—Selling, general and administrative expenses, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		—		—		1
Other income (expense), net of tax of $0 for all periods		14				42
Reclassifications from net actuarial gain (loss) amortization to:
—Costs of revenue, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		26		—		82
—Selling, general and administrative expenses, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		12		—		36
Other income (expense), net of tax of $0 for all periods		36		(9)		113		(2)
Other adjustments		20		—		171		—
Less: Noncontrolling interests, net of tax $0 for all periods		—		—		9		—
Comprehensive income (loss) on benefit plans, net of tax of $0, $0, $348 and $0		73		31		(14)		123
Closing balance		(1,438)	$	(1,057)		(1,438)	$	(1,057)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(60,755)	$	(39,951)	$	(60,755)	$	(39,951)

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of Virtusa Corporation should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q and the audited financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 (the “Annual Report”), which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.

Forward-looking statements

The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements (within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that involve risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements may be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seek,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “projects,” “anticipates,” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements, such as statements regarding anticipated future revenue, contract percentage completions, capital expenditures, the effect of new accounting pronouncements, management’s plans and objectives and other statements regarding matters that are not historical facts, involve predictions. Our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from the results expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause our results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including those factors set forth in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and those factors referred to or discussed in or incorporated by reference into the section titled “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q. We urge you to consider those risks and uncertainties in evaluating our forward-looking statements. We caution readers not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we disclaim any obligation or undertaking to publicly release any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein (or elsewhere) to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

Business overview

Virtusa Corporation (the “Company”, “Virtusa”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is a global provider of information technology (“IT”) consulting and outsourcing services that accelerate business outcomes for our clients. We support Forbes Global 2000 clients across large, consumer-facing industries like banking and financial services, insurance, healthcare, communications, and media and entertainment, as they look to improve their business performance through accelerating revenue growth, delivering compelling consumer experiences, improving operational efficiencies, and lowering overall IT costs. We provide services across the entire spectrum of the IT services lifecycle, from strategy and consulting, to technology and user experience (“UX”) design, development of IT applications, systems integration, testing and business assurance, and maintenance and support services, including infrastructure and managed services. Our services leverage our distinctive consulting approach and unique platforming methodology to transform our clients’ businesses through the innovative use of technology and domain knowledge to solve critical business problems. Our services enable our clients to accelerate business outcomes by consolidating, rationalizing and modernizing their core customer-facing processes into one or more core systems. We deliver cost-effective solutions through a global delivery model, applying advanced methods such as Agile, an industry standard technique designed to accelerate application development. We also use our consulting methodology, which we refer to as accelerated solution design (“ASD”), which is a collaborative decision-making and design process performed with the client, to ensure our solutions meet the client’s specifications and requirements. Our industry leading business transformational solutions combine deep domain expertise with our strengths in software engineering and business consulting to support our clients’ business imperative initiatives across business growth and IT operations. Headquartered in Massachusetts, we have offices in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, with global delivery centers in India, Sri Lanka, Hungary, Singapore and Malaysia, as well as near shore delivery

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centers in the United States. At December 31, 2018, we had 21,476 employees, or team members, inclusive of our eTouch team members.

To strengthen our digital engineering capabilities and establish a solid base in Silicon Valley, on March 12, 2018, we entered into an equity purchase agreement by and among the Company, eTouch Systems Corp. (“eTouch US”) and each of the equity holders of eTouch US to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US, and certain of the Company’s Indian subsidiaries entered into a share purchase agreement by and among those Company subsidiaries, eTouch Systems (India) Pvt. Ltd (“eTouch India,” together with eTouch US, “eTouch”) and the equity holders of eTouch India to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch India.

Under the terms of the equity purchase agreement and the share purchase agreement, on March 12, 2018, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US and eTouch India for approximately $140.0 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments, with up to an additional $15.0 million set aside for retention bonuses to be paid to eTouch management and key employees, in equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the transaction. The purchase price is being paid in three tranches, with $80.0 million paid at closing, $42.5 million on the 12‑month anniversary of the close of the transaction, and $17.5 million on the 18‑month anniversary of the close of the transaction, subject in each case to certain adjustments.

On May 3, 2017, we entered into an investment agreement with The Orogen Group (“Orogen”) pursuant to which Orogen purchased 108,000 shares of the Company’s newly issued Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, initially convertible into 3,000,000 shares of common stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $108 million with an initial conversion price of $36.00 (the “Orogen Preferred Stock Financing”). In connection with the investment, Vikram S. Pandit, the former CEO of Citigroup, was appointed to Virtusa’s Board of Directors. Orogen is a new operating company that was created by Vikram Pandit and Atairos Group, Inc., an independent private company focused on supporting growth-oriented businesses, to leverage the opportunities created by the evolution of the financial services landscape and to identify and invest in financial services companies and related businesses with proven business models.

Under the terms of the investment, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has a 3.875% dividend per annum, payable quarterly in additional shares of common stock and/or cash at our option. If any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have not been converted into common stock prior to May 3, 2024, we will be required to repurchase such shares at a repurchase price equal to the liquidation preference of the repurchased shares plus the amount of accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon. If we fail to effect such repurchase, the dividend rate on the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will increase by 1% per annum and an additional 1% per annum on each anniversary of May 3, 2024 during the period in which such failure to effect the repurchase is continuing, except that the dividend rate will not increase to more than 6.875% per annum.

In connection with the investment, we repaid $81 million of our outstanding senior term loan, and our board of directors approved the repurchase of approximately $30 million of our common stock.

On March 3, 2016, our Indian subsidiary, Virtusa Consulting Services Private Limited (“Virtusa India”), acquired approximately 51.7% of the fully diluted shares of Polaris Consulting & Services Limited (“Polaris”) for approximately $168.3 million in cash (the “Polaris Transaction”) pursuant to a share purchase agreement dated as of November 5, 2015, by and among Virtusa India, Polaris and the promoter sellers named therein. Through a series of transactions and in compliance with the applicable Indian rules on takeovers and SEBI Delisting Regulations, Virtusa increased its ownership interest in Polaris from 51.7% to 93.0% by February 12, 2018, when Virtusa consummated its Polaris delisting offer with respect to the public shareholders of Polaris. The delisting offer resulted in an accepted exit price of INR 480 per share (“Exit Price”), for an aggregate consideration of approximately $145.0 million, exclusive of transaction and closing costs. On July 11, 2018, the stock exchanges on which Polaris common shares are listed notified Polaris that trading in equity shares of Polaris would be discontinued and delisted effective on August 1, 2018. For a period of one year following the date of delisting, Virtusa India will, in compliance with SEBI Delisting Regulations, permit the public shareholders of Polaris to tender their shares for sale to Virtusa India at the Exit Price. In connection with the Polaris delisting offer, during the nine months ended December 31, 2018, Virtusa India purchased 4,436,342 shares, or 4.3%, of Polaris common stock from Polaris public shareholders for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $30.4 million. At December 31, 2018,  

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if all the remaining shares (approximately 3.34%) of Polaris were tendered at the Exit Price, we would pay additional consideration of approximately $23.8 million in the aggregate.

In connection with, and as part of the Polaris acquisition, on November 5, 2015, we entered into an amendment with Citigroup Technology, Inc. (“Citi”) and Polaris, which became effective upon the closing of the Polaris Transaction, pursuant to which Virtusa was added as a party to the master services agreement with Citi and Citi agreed to appoint the Company and Polaris as a preferred vendor.

On February 6, 2018, we entered into a $450.0 million credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with a syndicated bank group jointly lead by JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, which amends and restates our prior $300.0 million credit agreement (which we had originally entered into on February 25, 2016 (“Prior Credit Agreement”) to fund the Polaris acquisition and certain related transactions) and provides for a $200.0 million revolving credit facility, a $180.0 million term loan facility, and a $70.0 million delayed-draw term loan. We drew down $180.0 million under the term loan of the Credit Agreement and $55.0 million under the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement to repay in full the amount outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement and fund the Polaris delisting transaction. On March 12, 2018, we drew down the $70.0 million delayed draw to fund the eTouch acquisition. On August 14, 2018, we drew down $32.0 million from our credit facility to fund the Polaris delisting open offer. Interest under this new credit facility accrues at a rate per annum of LIBOR plus 3.0%, subject to step-downs based on the Company’s ratio of debt to EBITDA. We entered into interest rate swap agreements to minimize interest rate exposure. The Credit Agreement includes maximum debt to EBITDA and minimum fixed charge coverage covenants. The term of the Credit Agreement is five years, ending February 6, 2023 (See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further information). As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding amount under the Credit Agreement was $327.6 million.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Acts (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act contains several key tax provisions that will impact the Company, including the reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Tax Act also includes a variety of other changes, such as a one-time repatriation tax on accumulated foreign earnings, a limitation on the tax deductibility of interest expense, acceleration of business asset expensing, and reduction in the amount of executive pay that could qualify as a tax deduction, among others. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company elected to treat several foreign entities as disregarded entities. The earnings of these subsidiaries will be subject to US taxation as well as local taxation with a corresponding foreign tax credit. (See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for further information).

Financial overview

In the three months ended December 31, 2018, our revenue increased by 19.3% to $314.7 million, compared to $263.8 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017. In the nine months ended December 31, 2018, our revenue increased by 24.5% to $920.2 million, compared to $739.3 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017.

In the three months ended December 31, 2018, net income available to Virtusa common stockholders increased by 203.1% to a net income of $11.5 million, as compared to a net loss of $(11.1) million in the three months ended December 31, 2017. Net income increased by 200.4% to a net income of $4.5 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to a net loss of $(4.5) million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017.

The increase in revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, primarily resulted from:

· Revenue from the eTouch acquisition

· Broad based growth, particularly in our top ten clients

· Revenue growth in our industry groups, led by banking, insurance, telecommunications and healthcare industry groups

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· Revenue growth led by North America and Europe

The key drivers of the increase in our net income for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, were as follows:

· Higher revenue growth, particularly from the eTouch acquisition, including growth in banking, insurance, telecommunications and healthcare industry groups

· Substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee, which resulted in higher gross profit and operating income

· Substantial decrease in noncontrolling interest expense related to Polaris acquisition

· Substantial decrease in tax expense reflective of impact of the Tax Act

· For the three months ended December 31, 2018 only, an increase in the foreign currency transaction gains, primarily related to the revaluation of Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial appreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar

partially offset by:

· For the nine months ended December 31, 2018 only, an increase in foreign currency transaction losses, primarily related to the revaluation of Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar

· Increased cost of revenue due to higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs

· Increase in interest expense related to our term loan

High repeat business and client concentration are common in our industry. During the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, 88% (reflecting new clients from the recent eTouch acquisition) and 96%, respectively, of our revenue was derived from clients who had been using our services for more than one year. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, 89% (reflecting new clients from the recent eTouch acquisition) and 97%, respectively, of our revenue was derived from clients who had been using our services for more than one year. Accordingly, our global account management and service delivery teams focus on expanding client relationships and converting new engagements to long-term relationships to generate repeat revenue and expand revenue streams from existing clients. We also have a dedicated business development team focused on generating engagements with new clients to continue to expand our client base and, over time, reduce client concentration.

We derive our revenue from two types of service offerings: application outsourcing, which is recurring in nature; and consulting, including technology implementation, which is non-recurring in nature. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, our application outsourcing and consulting revenue represented 53% and 47%, respectively of our total revenue as compared to 56% and 44%, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2017. For the nine months ended December 31, 2018, our application outsourcing and consulting revenue represented 53% and 47%, respectively, of our total revenue as compared to 57% and 43%, respectively, for the nine months ended December 31, 2017.

In the three months ended December 31, 2018, our North America revenue increased by 30.2%, or $52.0 million, to $224.1 million, or 71% of total revenue, from $172.1 million, or 65.2% of total revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2017. In the nine months ended December 31, 2018, our North America revenue increased by 35.6%, or $171.3 million, to $652.1 million, or 71% of total revenue, from $480.8 million, or 65.0% of total revenue in the nine months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 is primarily due to revenue from the eTouch acquisition and revenue growth in our banking, insurance and healthcare clients.

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In the three months ended December 31, 2018, our European revenue increased by 2.8%, or $1.8 million, to $65.0 million, or 21% of total revenue, from $63.3 million, or 24.0% of total revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2017. In the nine months ended December 31, 2018, our European revenue increased by 10.5%, or $18.3 million, to $192.2 million, or 21% of total revenue, from $173.9 million, or 23.5% of total revenue in the nine months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 is primarily due to an increase in revenue from European banking and telecommunication clients.

Our gross profit increased by $12.8 million to $93.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $80.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017. Our gross profit increased by $54.7 million to $265.9 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $211.2 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in gross profit during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, was primarily due to higher revenue and substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee, partially offset by higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs. As a percentage of revenue, for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, gross margin decreased from 30.5% to 29.6% primarily due to higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, gross margin, as a percentage of revenue, was 28.9% and 28.6%, respectively.

We perform our services under both time-and-materials and fixed-price contracts. Revenue from fixed-price contracts represented 40% and 42% of total revenue, and revenue from time-and-materials contracts represented 60% and 58% of total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Revenue from fixed-price contracts represented 40% and 39% of total revenue and revenue from time-and-materials contracts represented 60% and 61% for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The revenue earned from fixed-price contracts in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflects our client preferences.

As an IT services company, our revenue growth is highly dependent on our ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain skilled IT professionals. We monitor our overall attrition rates and patterns to align our people management strategy with our growth objectives. At December 31, 2018, our attrition rate for the trailing 12 months, which reflects voluntary and involuntary attrition, was approximately 25.6%. Our attrition rate at December 31, 2018 reflects a higher rate of attrition as compared to the corresponding prior year period. The majority of our attrition occurs in India and Sri Lanka, and is weighted towards the more junior members of our staff. In response to higher attrition and as part of our retention strategies, we have experienced increases in compensation and benefit costs, which may continue in the future. However, we try to absorb such cost increases through price increases or cost management strategies such as managing discretionary costs, the mix of professional staff and utilization levels and achieving other operating efficiencies. If our attrition rate increases or is sustained at higher levels, our growth may slow and our cost of attracting and retaining IT professionals could increase.

We engage in a foreign currency hedging strategy using foreign currency forward contracts designed to hedge fluctuations in the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar and U.K. pound sterling, as well as the euro, the Canadian dollar, the Australian dollar and the U.K. pound sterling against the U.S. dollar, when consolidated into U.S. dollars. In addition, as part of the Polaris acquisition, the Company has assumed a cash flow program designed to mitigate the impact of the volatility of the translation of Polaris U.S. dollar denominated revenue into Indian rupees to reduce the effect of change in these foreign currency exchange rates on our foreign operations. There is no assurance that these hedging programs or hedging contracts will be effective. Because these foreign currency forward contracts are designed to reduce volatility in the Indian rupee, U.K. pound sterling and euro exchange rates, they not only reduce the negative impact of a stronger Indian rupee, weaker U.K. pound sterling, euro, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar but also could reduce the positive impact of a weaker Indian rupee on our Indian rupee expenses or reduce the impact of a stronger U.K. pound sterling, euro, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar on our U.K. pound sterling, euro, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar denominated revenues.

Application of critical accounting estimates and risks

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including the recoverability of tangible assets, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of

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the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, in particular those related to the recognition of revenue and profits based on the percentage of completion method of accounting for fixed-price contracts, share-based compensation, income taxes, including reserves for uncertain tax positions, deferred taxes and liabilities, intangible assets and valuation of financial instruments including derivative contracts and investments. Actual amounts could differ significantly from these estimates. Our management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the amounts of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Additional information about these critical accounting policies may be found in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section included in the Annual Report.

Results of operations

Three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017

The following table presents an overview of our results of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

		Three Months Ended
		December 31,
		2018		2017		$Change		%Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenue		$	314,681	$	263,809	$	50,872	19.3	%
Costs of revenue			221,461		183,420		38,041	20.7	%
Gross profit			93,220		80,389		12,831	16.0	%
Operating expenses			73,935		66,726		7,209	10.8	%
Income from operations			19,285		13,663		5,622	41.1	%
Other income			3,912		2,843		1,069	37.6	%
Income before income tax expense			23,197		16,506		6,691	40.5	%
Income tax expense			10,400		24,427		(14,027)	(57.4)	%
Net income (loss)			12,797		(7,921)		20,718	261.6	%
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax			221		2,134		(1,913)	(89.6)	%
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders			12,576		(10,055)		22,631	225.1	%
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion			1,087		1,087		—	—
Net income (loss) attributable to Virtusa common stockholders		$	11,489	$	(11,142)	$	22,631	203.1	%

Revenue

Revenue increased by 19.3%, or $50.9 million, from $263.8 million during the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $314.7 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by revenue from the eTouch acquisition and growth in our banking, insurance, telecommunications and healthcare industry groups. Revenue from North American clients in the three months ended December 31, 2018 increased by $52.0 million, or 30.2%, as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, particularly due to revenue growth from the eTouch acquisition and growth in our banking, insurance and healthcare clients. Revenue from European clients increased by $1.8 million, or 2.8%, as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to an increase in revenue from European banking and telecommunications clients. We had 216 active clients at December 31, 2018, as compared to 200 active clients at December 31, 2017.

Cost of revenue

Costs of revenue increased from $183.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $221.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $38.0 million, or 20.7%. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase in the number of IT professionals (inclusive of eTouch) and related compensation and benefit costs of $27.8 million. The increased costs of revenue were also due to an increase in subcontractor costs of $10.9 million.

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At December 31, 2018, we had 19,266 IT professionals as compared to 17,355 at December 31, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue increased from 69.5% for the three months ended December 31, 2017 to 70.4% for three months ended December 31, 2018.

Gross profit

Our gross profit increased by $12.8 million, or 16.0%, to $93.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $80.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to higher revenue and substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee, partially offset by higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs. As a percentage of revenue, for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, gross margin decreased from 30.5% to 29.6% primarily due to higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses increased from $66.7 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $73.9 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $7.2 million, or 10.8%. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to an increase of $3.0 million in compensation related to an increase in the number of non-IT professionals (inclusive of eTouch retention bonuses) and stock compensation. The increase in operating costs were also due to an increase in subcontractor costs of $1.3 million,  an increase in facilities costs of $1.7 million and travel costs of $0.6 million. As a percentage of revenue, our operating expenses decreased from 25.3% in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to 23.5% in the three months ended December 31, 2018.

Income from operations

Income from operations increased by 41.1%, from $13.7 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $19.3 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018. As a percentage of revenue, income from operations increased from 5.2% in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to 6.1% in the three months ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee.

Other income

Other income increased by $1.1 million, from $2.8 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $3.9 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to net foreign currency transaction gains related to the revaluation of a $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial appreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar, partially offset by an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense decreased by $14.0 million, from $24.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $10.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018. Our effective tax rate decreased from 148.0% for the three months ended December 31, 2017 to 44.8% for the three months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in the tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2018, was primarily due to provisional amounts related to the Tax Act recorded during the three months ended December 31, 2017, offset by an increase in tax expense as a result of the election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for US tax purposes and the impact from the Global Intangible Low—taxed Income (“GILTI”) tax during the three months ended December 31, 2018. 

Noncontrolling interests

In connection with the Polaris acquisition, for the three months ended December 31, 2018, we recorded a noncontrolling interest of $0.2 million, representing a 3.46% share of profits of Polaris held by parties other than Virtusa.

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Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders

Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders increased by 225.1%, from a net loss of $(10.1) million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to net income of $12.6 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in net income in the three months ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in income from operations, a decrease in tax expense and net foreign currency transaction gains related to the revaluation of a $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial appreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar, partially offset by an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion

In connection with the Orogen Preferred Stock Financing, we accrued dividends and accreted issuance costs of $1.1 million at a rate of 3.875% per annum during the three months ended December 31, 2018.

Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders

Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders increased by 203.1%, from a net loss of $(11.1) million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to a net income of $11.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in net income in the three months ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in income from operations, a decrease in tax expense and net foreign currency transaction gains related to the revaluation of a $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial appreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar, partially offset by an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.

Nine months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2017

The following table presents an overview of our results of operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Nine Months Ended
	December 31,
	2018		2017		$Change		%Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenue	$	920,232	$	739,328	$	180,904	24.5	%
Costs of revenue		654,288		528,103		126,185	23.9	%
Gross profit		265,944		211,225		54,719	25.9	%
Operating expenses		218,716		181,213		37,503	20.7	%
Income from operations		47,228		30,012		17,216	57.4	%
Other income (expense)		(22,173)		1,031		(23,204)	(2,250.6)	%
Income before income tax expense		25,055		31,043		(5,988)	(19.3)	%
Income tax expense		15,863		26,725		(10,862)	(40.6)	%
Net income		9,192		4,318		4,874	112.9	%
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		1,407		5,947		(4,540)	(76.3)	%
Net income (loss) attributable to Virtusa stockholders	$	7,785	$	(1,629)	$	9,414	577.9	%
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion		3,262		2,875		387	13.5	%
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	4,523	$	(4,504)	$	9,027	200.4	%

Revenue

Revenue increased by 24.5%, or $180.9 million, from $739.3 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to $920.2 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by revenue from the eTouch acquisition and growth in our banking, insurance, telecommunications and healthcare industry groups. Revenue from North American clients in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 increased by $171.3 million, or 35.6%, as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2017, particularly due to revenue growth from the eTouch

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acquisition and growth in our banking, insurance and healthcare clients. Revenue from European clients increased by $18.3 million, or 10.5%, as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to an increase in revenue from European telecommunications and banking clients. We had 216 active clients at December 31, 2018, as compared to 200 active clients at December 31, 2017.

Cost of revenue

Costs of revenue increased from $528.1 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to $654.3 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $126.2 million, or 23.9%. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase in the number of IT professionals (inclusive of eTouch) and related compensation and benefit costs of $96.5 million. The increased costs of revenue are also due to an increase in subcontractor costs of $28.7 million and an increase in travel expenses of $2.2 million. At December 31, 2018, we had 19,266 IT professionals as compared to 17,355 at December 31, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue decreased from 71.4% for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to 71.1% for the nine months ended December 31, 2018.

Gross profit

Our gross profit increased by $54.7 million, or 25.9%, to $265.9 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $211.2 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to higher revenue and substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee, partially offset by higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs. As a percentage of revenue, our gross profit was 28.9% and 28.6% in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses increased from $181.2 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to $218.7 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $37.5 million, or 20.7%. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to an increase of $26.1 million in compensation related to an increase in the number of non-IT professionals (inclusive of eTouch retention bonuses) and stock compensation, an increase in facilities costs of $5.7 million, subcontractors costs of $1.8 million and travel costs of $2.2 million. As a percentage of revenue, our operating expenses decreased from 24.5% in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to 23.8% in the nine months ended December 31, 2018.

Income from operations

Income from operations increased by 57.4%, from $30.0 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to $47.2 million income in the nine months ended December 31, 2018. As a percentage of revenue, income from operations increased from 4.1% in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to 5.1% in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to a substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee.

Other income (expense)

Other expense increased by $23.2 million from an income of $1.0 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to an expense of $22.2 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to net foreign currency transaction losses related to the revaluation of a $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar and an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense decreased by $10.8 million, from $26.7 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to $15.9 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018. Our effective tax rate decreased from 86.1% for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to 63.3% for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in the tax expense and effective tax rate for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, was primarily due to a $19.8 million provisional amount related to the Tax Act recorded during the nine months ended December 31, 2017, offset by a deferred tax charge

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of $6.3 million as a result of the election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for US tax purposes and an increase in the marginal tax rate during the nine months ended December 31, 2018. 

Noncontrolling interests

In connection with the Polaris acquisition, for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, we recorded a noncontrolling interest of $1.4 million, representing a 5.6% share of profits of Polaris held by parties other than Virtusa.

Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders

Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders increased by 577.9%, from a net loss of $(1.6) million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to a net income of $7.8 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in net income in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in income from operations and a decrease in tax expense, partially offset by an increase in net foreign currency transaction losses related to the revaluation of the  $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar and an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion

In connection with the Orogen Preferred Stock Financing, we accrued dividends and accreted issuance costs of $3.3 million at a rate of 3.875% per annum during the nine months ended December 31, 2018.

Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders

Net income(loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders increased by 200.4%, from a loss of $(4.5) million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to a net income of $4.5 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in net income in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in income from operations and a decrease in tax expense, partially offset by an increase in net foreign currency transaction losses related to the revaluation of the  $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar and an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.

Non-GAAP Measures

We include certain non-GAAP financial measures as defined by Regulation G by the Securities and Exchange Commission. These non-GAAP financial measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles and should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. In addition, these non-GAAP measures should be read in conjunction with our financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP.

We consider the total measure of cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments to be an important indicator of our overall liquidity. All of our investments are classified as either equity or available-for-sale securities, including our long-term investments which consist of fixed income securities, including government agency bonds and corporate bonds, which meet the credit rating and diversification requirements of our investment policy as approved by our audit committee and board of directors.

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The following table provides the reconciliation from cash and cash equivalents to total cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments:

	As of December 31,		As of March 31,
	2018		2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	210,579	$	194,897
Short-term investments		41,641		45,900
Long-term investments		862		4,140
Total cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments	$	253,082	$	244,937

We believe the following financial measures will provide additional insights to measure the operational performance of our business.

· We present the following consolidated statements of income (loss) measures that exclude, when applicable, stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related charges, restructuring charges, foreign currency transaction gains and losses, impairment of investments, non-recurring third party financing costs, the tax impact of dividends received from foreign subsidiaries, the initial impact of our election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for U.S. tax purposes and the impact from the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation (“Tax Act”) to provide further insights into the comparison of our operating results among the periods:

· Non-GAAP income from operations: income from operations, as reported on our consolidated statements of income (loss), excluding stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related charges and restructuring charges

· Non-GAAP operating margin: non-GAAP income from operations as a percentage of reported revenues

· Non-GAAP net income available to Virtusa common stockholders: net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders, as reported on our consolidated statements of income (loss), excluding stock-based compensation, acquisition-related charges, restructuring charges, foreign currency transaction gains and losses, impairment of investments, non-recurring third party financing costs, the tax impact of the above items, the initial impact of our election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for U.S. tax purposes, the tax impact of dividends received from foreign subsidiaries and the impact from the Tax Act.

· Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share: diluted earnings (loss) per share, as reported on our consolidated statements of income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders, excluding stock-based compensation, acquisition-related charges, restructuring charges, foreign currency transaction gains and losses, impairment of investments, non-recurring third party financing costs, the tax impact of the above items, the initial impact of our election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for U.S. tax purposes, the tax impact of dividends received from foreign subsidiaries and the impact from the Tax Act. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share is also subject to dilutive and anti-dilutive requirements of the if-converted method related to our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock that could result in a difference between GAAP to non-GAAP diluted weighted average shares outstanding.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to the most comparable GAAP measure for the three and nine months ended December 31:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	December 31,						December 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
GAAP income from operations	$	19,285		$	13,663		$	47,228		$	30,012
Add: Stock-based compensation expense		7,042			9,118			24,104			20,048
Add: Acquisition-related charges and restructuring charges(1)		6,378			3,227			17,872			9,087
Non-GAAP income from operations	$	32,705		$	26,008		$	89,204		$	59,147
GAAP operating margin		6.1	%		5.2	%		5.1	%		4.1	%
Effect of above adjustments to income from operations		4.3	%		4.7	%		4.6	%		3.9	%
Non‑GAAP operating margin		10.4	%		9.9	%		9.7	%		8.0	%
GAAP net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	11,489		$	(11,142)		$	4,523		$	(4,504)
Add: Stock-based compensation expense		7,042			9,118			24,104			20,048
Add: Acquisition-related charges and restructuring charges(1)		6,852			3,227			19,279			9,087
Add: Impairment of investment (9)		885			—			885			—
Add: Foreign currency transaction (gains) losses(2)		(8,319)			(2,576)			11,794			(1,019)
Add: Impact from the Tax Act(8)		(1,628)			19,815			(1,628)			19,815
Tax adjustments (3)		3,370			(3,210)			(6,573)			(9,798)
Less: Noncontrolling interest, net of taxes(4)		(103)			(647)			76			(1,326)
Non-GAAP net income available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	19,588		$	14,585		$	52,460		$	32,303
GAAP diluted earnings (loss) per share(6)	$	0.37		$	(0.38)		$	0.15		$	(0.15)
Effect of stock-based compensation expense(7)		0.21			0.28			0.72			0.63
Effect of acquisition-related charges and restructuring charges(1)(7)		0.20			0.10			0.57			0.28
Effect of impairment of investment (9)		0.03			—			0.03			—
Effect of foreign currency transaction (gains) losses(2)(7)		(0.25)			(0.08)			0.35			(0.03)
Effect of impact from the Tax Act(7)(8)		(0.05)			0.60			(0.05)			0.62
Tax adjustments(3)(7)		0.10			(0.10)			(0.20)			(0.31)
Effect of noncontrolling interest(4)(7)		—			(0.02)			—			(0.04)
Effect of dividend on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock(6)(7)		—			0.03			0.10			0.07
Effect of change in dilutive shares for non-GAAP(6)		—			0.04			(0.01)			0.01
Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share(5)(7)	$	0.61		$	0.47		$	1.66		$	1.08

(1) Acquisition-related charges include, when applicable, amortization of purchased intangibles, external deal costs, transaction-related professional fees, acquisition-related retention bonuses, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, accreted interest related to deferred acquisition payments, charges for impairment of acquired intangible assets and other acquisition-related costs including integration expenses consisting of outside professional and consulting services and direct and incremental travel costs. Restructuring charges, when applicable, include

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termination benefits, as well as certain professional fees related to the restructuring. The following table provides the details of the acquisition-related charges and restructuring charges:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Amortization of intangible assets	$	2,860	$	2,568	$	8,629	$	7,671
Acquisition & integration costs		3,518		431		9,243		431
Restructuring costs		—		228		—		985
Acquisition-related charges included in costs of revenue and operating expense		6,378		3,227		17,872		9,087
Accreted interest related to deferred acquisition payments		474		—		1,407		—
Total acquisition-related charges and restructuring charges	$	6,852	$	3,227	$	19,279	$	9,087

(2) Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are inclusive of gains and losses on related foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes.

(3) Tax adjustments reflect the estimated tax effect of the non-GAAP adjustments using the tax rates at which these adjustments are expected to be realized for the respective periods, excluding the initial impact of our election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for U.S. tax purposes. Tax adjustments also assume application of foreign tax credit benefits in the United States.

(4) Noncontrolling interest represents the minority shareholders interest of Polaris.

(5) Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share is subject to rounding.

(6) During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the weighted average shares outstanding of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of 3,000,000 were included in the calculations of GAAP diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been dilutive using the if-converted method. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, the weighted average shares outstanding of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of 3,000,000 were excluded from the calculations of GAAP diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive using the if-converted method.

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During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, the weighted average shares outstanding of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of 3,000,000 and 2,637,363, respectively, were excluded from the calculations of GAAP diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive using the if-converted method.

The following table provides the non-GAAP net income available to Virtusa common stockholders and non-GAAP dilutive weighted average shares outstanding using if-converted method to calculate the non-GAAP diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Non-GAAP net income available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	19,588	$	14,585	$	52,460	$	32,303
Add: Dividends and accretion on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		1,087		1,087		3,262		2,175
Non-GAAP net income available to Virtusa common stockholders and assumed conversion	$	20,675	$	15,672	$	55,722	$	34,478
GAAP dilutive weighted average shares outstanding		33,661,728		29,295,730		30,598,114		29,387,977
Add: Dilutive effect of employee stock options and unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units		—		709,961		—		637,830
Add: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock as converted		—		3,000,000		3,000,000		2,000,000
Non-GAAP dilutive weighted average shares outstanding		33,661,728		33,005,691		33,598,114		32,025,807

(7) To the extent the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is dilutive using the if-converted method, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is included in the weighted average shares outstanding to determine non-GAAP diluted earnings per share.

(8) Impact from the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation (“Tax Act”).

(9) Other-than-temporary impairment of available-for-sale securities recognized in earnings.

Liquidity and capital resources

We have financed our operations primarily from sales of shares of common stock, cash from operations, debt financing and from sales of shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

We do not believe the deemed repatriation tax on accumulated foreign earnings related to the Tax Act will have a significant impact on our cash flows in any individual fiscal year.

To strengthen our digital engineering capabilities and establish a solid base in Silicon Valley, on March 12, 2018, we entered into an equity purchase agreement by and among the Company, eTouch Systems Corp. (“eTouch US”) and each of the equity holders of eTouch US to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US, and certain of the Company’s Indian subsidiaries entered into an share purchase agreement by and among those Company subsidiaries, eTouch Systems (India) Pvt. Ltd (“eTouch India,” together with eTouch US, “eTouch”) and the equity holders of eTouch India to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch India.

Under the terms of the equity purchase agreement and the share purchase agreement, on March 12, 2018, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US and eTouch India for approximately $140.0 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments, with up to an additional $15.0 million set aside for retention bonuses to be paid to eTouch management and key employees, in equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the transaction. The purchase price will be paid in three tranches with $80.0 million paid at closing, $42.5 million on the 12‑month anniversary of the close of the transaction, and $17.5 million on the 18‑month anniversary of the close of the transaction, subject in each case to certain adjustments. 

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On March 3, 2016, our Indian subsidiary, Virtusa Consulting Services Private Limited (“Virtusa India”) acquired approximately 51.7% of the fully diluted shares of Polaris Consulting & Services Limited (“Polaris”) for approximately $168.3 million in cash (the “Polaris Transaction”) pursuant to a share purchase agreement dated as of November 5, 2015, by and among Virtusa India, Polaris and the promoter sellers named therein. Through a series of transactions and in compliance with the applicable Indian rules on takeovers and SEBI Delisting Regulations, Virtusa increased its ownership interest in Polaris from 51.7% to 93.0% by February 12, 2018 when Virtusa consummated its Polaris delisting offer with respect to the public shareholders of Polaris. The delisting offer resulted in an accepted exit price of INR 480 per share (“Exit Price”), for an aggregate consideration of approximately $145.0 million, exclusive of transaction and closing costs. On July 11, 2018, the stock exchanges on which Polaris common shares are listed notified Polaris that trading in equity shares of Polaris would be discontinued and delisted effective on August 1, 2018. For a period of one year following the date of delisting, Virtusa India will, in compliance with SEBI Delisting Regulations, permit the public shareholders of Polaris to tender their shares for sale to Virtusa India at the Exit Price. In connection with the Polaris delisting offer, during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 Virtusa India purchased 4,436,342 shares, or 4.3%, of Polaris common stock from Polaris public shareholders for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $30.4 million. At December 31, 2018, if all the remaining shares outstanding of Polaris (approximately 3.3%) were tendered at the Exit Price, we would pay additional consideration of approximately $23.8 million in the aggregate.

In connection with, and as part of the Polaris acquisition, on November 5, 2015, we entered into an amendment with Citigroup Technology, Inc. (“Citi”) and Polaris, which became effective upon the closing of the Polaris Transaction, pursuant to which Virtusa was added as a party to the master services agreement with Citi and Citi agreed to appoint the Company and Polaris as a preferred vendor.

On February 6, 2018, we entered into a $450.0 million credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with a syndicated bank group jointly lead by JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, which amends and restates our prior $300.0 million credit agreement (which we had originally entered into on February 25, 2016 (“Prior Credit Agreement”) to fund the Polaris acquisition and Mandatory Tender Offer) and provides for a $200.0 million revolving credit facility, a $180.0 million term loan facility, and a $70.0 million delayed-draw term loan. We drew down $180.0 million under the term loan of the Credit Agreement and $55.0 million under the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement to repay in full the amount outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement and fund the Polaris delisting transaction. On March 12, 2018, we drew down the $70 million delayed draw to fund the eTouch acquisition. On August 14, 2018, we drew down $32 million from our credit facility to fund the Polaris delisting open offer. Interest under this new credit facility accrues at a rate per annum of LIBOR plus 3.0%, subject to step-downs based on the Company’s ratio of debt to EBITDA. We entered into interest rate swap agreements to minimize interest rate exposure. The Credit Agreement includes maximum debt to EBITDA and minimum fixed charge coverage covenants. The term of the Credit Agreement is five years, ending February 6, 2023 (See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further information).

At December 31, 2018, the outstanding amount under the Credit Agreement was $327.6 million. At December 31, 2018, the interest rates on the term loan and line of credit were 5.03% and 4.95% respectively. For the description of the financial covenants of the Credit Agreement and certain other the terms please See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements.

The credit facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets, including all intellectual property and all securities in domestic subsidiaries (other than certain domestic subsidiaries where the material assets of such subsidiaries are equity in foreign subsidiaries), subject to customary exceptions and exclusions from the collateral. All obligations under the Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by substantially all of the Company’s material direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries, with certain exceptions. These guarantees are secured by substantially all of the present and future property and assets of the guarantors, with certain exclusions.

At December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with its debt covenants and has provided a quarterly certification to our lenders to that effect. We believe that we currently meet all conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement to borrow thereunder and we are not aware of any conditions that would prevent us from borrowing part or all of the

47

remaining available capacity under the existing revolving credit facility at December 31, 2018 and through the date of this filing.

On May 3, 2017, we entered into an investment agreement with The Orogen Group (“Orogen”) pursuant to which Orogen purchased 108,000 shares of the Company’s newly issued Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, initially convertible into 3,000,000 shares of common stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $108 million with an initial conversion price of $36.00 (the “Orogen Preferred Stock Financing”). In connection with the investment, Vikram S. Pandit, the former CEO of Citigroup, was appointed to Virtusa’s Board of Directors. Orogen is a new operating company that was created by Vikram Pandit and Atairos Group, Inc., an independent private company focused on supporting growth-oriented businesses, to leverage the opportunities created by the evolution of the financial services landscape and to identify and invest in financial services companies and related businesses with proven business models.

Under the terms of the investment, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has a 3.875% dividend per annum, payable quarterly in additional shares of common stock and/or cash at our option. If any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have not been converted into common stock prior to May 3, 2024, we will be required to repurchase such shares at a repurchase price equal to the liquidation preference of the repurchased shares plus the amount of accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon. If we fail to effect such repurchase, the dividend rate on the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will increase by 1% per annum and an additional 1% per annum on each anniversary of May 3, 2024 during the period in which such failure to effect the repurchase is continuing, except that the dividend rate will not increase to more than 6.875% per annum. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company has paid $3.1 million as a cash dividend on its Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

The Company also uses interest rate swaps to mitigate the Company’s interest rate risk on the Company’s variable rate debt. The Company’s objective is to limit the variability of cash flows associated with changes in LIBOR interest rate payments due on the Credit Agreement (See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements), by using pay-fixed, receive-variable interest rate swaps to offset the future variable rate interest payments. The Company purchased interest rate swaps in July 2016 with an effective date of July 2017 and November 2018.  The July 2016 interest rate swaps are at a blended weighted average of 1.025% and the Company will receive 1-month LIBOR on the same notional amounts.  The November 2018 interest rate swaps are at a fixed rate of 2.85% and are designed to maintain a 50% coverage of our LIBOR debt, therefore the notional amount changes over the life of the swap to retain the 50% coverage target. 

The counterparties to the Interest Rate Swap Agreements could demand an early termination of the June 2016 and November 2018 Swap Agreements if we are in default under the Credit Agreement, or any agreement that amends or replaces the Credit Agreement in which the counterparty is a member, and we are unable to cure the default. An event of default under the Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and failure to comply with financial covenants, including a maximum consolidated leverage ratio commencing on December 31, 2017, of not more than 3.50 to 1.00 for periods ending prior to December 31, 2019, of not more than 3.25 to 1.00 commencing December 31, 2019 and for periods ending prior to September 30, 2020, and 3.00 to 1.00 thereafter and a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00. As of December 31, 2018, we were in compliance with these covenants. The net unrealized loss associated with Interest Rate Swap Agreement was $0.5 million as of December 31, 2018, which represents the estimated amount that we would pay to the counterparties in the event of an early termination.

At December 31, 2018, a significant portion of our cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments was held by our foreign subsidiaries. We continually monitor our cash needs and employ tax planning and financing strategies to ensure cash is available in the appropriate jurisdictions to meet operating needs. The cash held by our foreign subsidiaries is considered indefinitely reinvested in local operations. If required, it could be repatriated to the United States. Due to the various methods by which such earnings could be repatriated in the future, the amount of taxes attributable to these earnings is not practicably determinable. If such earnings were to be repatriated in the future or are no longer deemed to be indefinitely reinvested, we will accrue the applicable amount of taxes.

Beginning in fiscal 2009, our U.K. subsidiary entered into an agreement with an unrelated financial institution to sell, without recourse, certain of its Europe-based accounts receivable balances from one client to the financial institution. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, we sold $18.5 million of receivables under the terms of the financing agreement. Fees paid pursuant to this agreement were not material during the three and nine months ended December 31,

48

2018. No amounts were due under the financing agreement at December 31, 2017, but we may elect to use this program again in future periods. However, we cannot provide any assurances that this or any other financing facilities will be available or utilized in the future.

Cash flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended
	December 31,
	2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	69,822	$	54,181
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(22,047)		3,790
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(18,307)		19,838
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(13,530)		4,123
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		15,938		81,932
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		195,236		145,086
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	211,174	$	227,018

Operating activities

Net cash provided by operating activities increased in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to an increase in the working capital and an increase in the net income adjusted for non-cash expenses, partially offset by a  decrease in long-term assets and long-term liabilities during the nine months ended December 31, 2018.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities increased in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 compared to nine months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in net cash used in investing activities is primarily due to the increase in the purchase of property and equipment and a net increase in the purchase of investments during the nine months ended December 31, 2018.

Financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities increased in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 compared to nine months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 is primarily due to the payment of redeemable noncontrolling interest, an increase in payment of withholding taxes related to net share settlements of restricted stock, payment of debt and an increase in payment of dividend on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, partially offset by proceeds from the revolving credit facility.

Off-balance sheet arrangements

We do not have investments in special purpose entities or undisclosed borrowings or debt.

We have entered into foreign currency derivative contracts with the objective of limiting our exposure to changes in the Indian rupee, the U.K. pound sterling, the euro, the Canadian dollar, the Australian dollar as described below and in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”

We maintain a foreign currency cash flow hedging program designed to further mitigate the risks of volatility in the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar and U.K. pound sterling as described below in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.” From time to time, we may also purchase multiple foreign currency forward contracts designed to hedge fluctuation in foreign currencies, such as the U.K. pound sterling, euro, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar against the U.S. dollar to minimize the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on foreign currency denominated

49

revenue and expenses. Other than these foreign currency derivative contracts, we have not entered into off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons that are likely to affect liquidity or the availability of or requirements for capital resources.

Recent accounting pronouncements

See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our market risks, and the ways we manage them, are summarized in Part II, Item 7A of the Annual Report. There have been no material changes in the three or nine months ended December 31, 2018 to such risks or to our management of such risks except for the additional factors noted below.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk in the ordinary course of business. We have historically entered into, and in the future we may enter into, foreign currency derivative contracts to minimize the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on both foreign currency denominated assets and forecasted revenue and expenses. The purpose of this foreign exchange policy is to protect us from the risk that the recognition of and eventual cash flows related to Indian rupee denominated expenses might be affected by changes in exchange rates. Some of these contracts meet the criteria for hedge accounting as cash flow hedges (See Note 6 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included herein for a description of recent hedging activities).

We evaluate our foreign exchange policy on an ongoing basis to assess our ability to address foreign exchange exposures on our balance sheet, statement of income and operating cash flows from all foreign currencies, including most significantly the U.K. pound sterling and the Indian rupee.

We have two 18 month rolling programs comprised of a series of foreign exchange forward contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges. One program is designed to mitigate the impact of volatility in the U.S. dollar equivalent of our Indian rupee denominated expenses. The second program was assumed as part of the Polaris acquisition and is intended to mitigate the volatility of the U.S. dollar denominated revenue that is translated into Indian rupees. While these hedges are achieving the designed objective, upon consolidation they may cause volatility in revenue. The U.S. dollar equivalent notional value of all outstanding foreign currency derivative contracts at December 31, 2018 was $158.9 million. There is no assurance that these hedging programs or hedging contracts will be effective. As these foreign currency hedging programs are designed to reduce volatility in the Indian rupee, they not only reduce the negative impact of a stronger Indian rupee but also reduce the positive impact of a weaker Indian rupee on our Indian rupee expenses.

The U.K. pound sterling, the euro, the Canadian dollar and the Australian dollar exchange fluctuations can have an unpredictable impact on our U.K. pound sterling and the euro revenues generated and costs incurred. In response to this volatility, we have entered into hedging transactions designed to hedge our forecasted revenue and expenses denominated in the U.K. pound sterling, the euro, the Canadian dollar and the Australian dollar. These derivative contracts have maximum duration of 92 days and do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting. Such hedges may not be effective in mitigating this currency volatility. These hedges are designed to reduce the negative impact of a weaker U.K. pound sterling, euro, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar, however they also reduce the positive impact of a stronger U.K. pound sterling or the euro on the respective revenues.

Interest Rate Risk

On February 6, 2018, we entered into a $450.0 million credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with a syndicated bank group jointly lead by JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, which amends and restates our prior $300.0 million credit agreement (which we had originally entered into on February 25, 2016 (“Prior Credit Agreement”) to fund the Polaris acquisition and Mandatory Tender Offer) and provides for a $200.0 million

50

revolving credit facility, a $180.0 million term loan facility, and a $70.0 million delayed-draw term loan. Virtusa drew down $180.0 million under the term loan of the Credit Agreement and $55.0 million under the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement to repay in full the amount outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement and fund the Polaris delisting transaction. On March 12, 2018, we drew down the $70 million delayed draw to fund the eTouch acquisition. On August 14, 2018, we drew down $32 million from our credit facility to fund the Polaris delisting open offer. Interest under this new credit facility accrues at a rate per annum of LIBOR plus 3.0%, subject to step-downs based on the Company’s ratio of debt to EBITDA. We entered into interest rate swap agreements to minimize interest rate exposure. The Credit Agreement includes maximum debt to EBITDA and minimum fixed charge coverage covenants. The term of the Credit Agreement is five years, ending February 6, 2023. At December 31, 2018, the interest rates on the term loan and line of credit were 5.03% and 4.95% respectively. At December 31, 2018, the outstanding amount under the Credit Agreement was $327.6 million.

At December 31, 2018 we had $253.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments, the interest income from which is affected by changes in interest rates. Our invested securities primarily consist of government sponsored entity bonds, money market mutual funds, commercial paper, corporate debts and preference shares. Our investments in debt securities are classified as “available-for-sale” and are recorded at fair value. Our “available-for-sale” investments are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes would result in a change in the net fair value of these financial instruments due to the difference between the market interest rate at the period end and the market interest rate at the date of purchase of the financial instrument.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments, accounts receivable, derivative contracts, other financial assets and unbilled accounts receivable. We place our operating cash, investments and derivatives in highly-rated financial institutions. We adhere to a formal investment policy with the primary objective of preservation of principal, which contains minimum credit rating and diversification requirements. We believe that our credit policies reflect normal industry terms and business risk. We do not anticipate non-performance by the counterparties and, accordingly, do not require collateral. Credit losses and write-offs of accounts receivable balances have historically not been material to our financial statements and have not exceeded our expectations.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as ours are designed to do, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

At December 31, 2018, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e) and internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at a reasonable assurance level in (i) enabling us to record, process, summarize and report information required to be included in our periodic SEC filings within the required time period and (ii) ensuring that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

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There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that if determined adversely to us, we believe would individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks that could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results, some of which are beyond our control. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, on May 25, 2018 (the “Annual Report”), which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Under the terms of our 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (“2007 Plan”) and 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (“2015 Plan”), we have issued shares of restricted stock to our employees. On the date that these restricted shares vest, we automatically withhold, via a net exercise provision pursuant to our applicable restricted stock agreements and the 2007 Plan and 2015 Plan, as the case may be, the number of vested shares (based on the closing price of our common stock on such vesting date) equal to tax liability owed by such grantee. The shares withheld from the grantees under the 2007 Plan or the 2015 Plan, as the case may be, to settle their tax liability are reallocated to the number of shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan. For the three months period ended December 31, 2018, we withheld an aggregate of 5,047 shares of restricted stock at a weighted average price of $44.77 per share.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q:

Exhibit No.		Description
10.1+		Separation and Release Agreement dated as of November 29, 2018 by and between Virtusa Corporation and Raj Rajgopal. (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8‑K (File No. 001‑33625) filed on December 3, 2018 and incorporated by reference herein).
31.1*		Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*		Certification of principal financial and accounting officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**		Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. 1350.
32.2**		Certification of principal financial and accounting officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. 1350.
101*		The following financial statements from Virtusa Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the SEC on February  7, 2019, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language), as follows:
	(i)	Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018 (Unaudited) and March 31, 2018
	(ii)	Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (Unaudited)
	(iii)	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (Unaudited)
	(iv)	Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity for the Nine months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (Unaudited)
	(v)	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (Unaudited)
	(vi)	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

+     Indicates a management contract or compensation plan, contract or arrangement.

*     Filed herewith.

**   Furnished herewith. This certification shall not be deemed filed for any purpose, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act of 1934.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Virtusa Corporation
Date: February 7, 2019	By:	/s/ Kris Canekeratne
		Kris Canekeratne,
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: February 7, 2019	By:	/s/ Ranjan Kalia
		Ranjan Kalia,
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

55

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Kris Canekeratne, certify that:

1.            I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Virtusa Corporation;

2.            Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.            Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.            The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)          Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)          Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)          Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)          Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.            The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)          All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)          Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: Ferbuary 7, 2019	/s/ Kris Canekeratne
	Kris Canekeratne
	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Ranjan Kalia, certify that:

1.            I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Virtusa Corporation;

2.            Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.            Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.            The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)          Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)          Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)          Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)          Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.            The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)          All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)          Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

e
Date: February 7, 2019	/s/ Ranjan Kalia
	Ranjan Kalia
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Virtusa Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Kris Canekeratne, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1)          The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)          The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: February 7, 2019	/s/ Kris Canekeratne
	Kris Canekeratne
	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Virtusa Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended Decmeber 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Ranjan Kalia, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1)          The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)          The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: February 7, 2019	/s/ Ranjan Kalia
	Ranjan Kalia
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Feb. 05, 2019
Document and Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	VIRTUSA CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0001207074
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--03-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		29,920,680
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3

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Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 210,579	$ 194,897
Short-term investments	41,641	45,900
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $2,627 and $3,328 at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively	153,467	151,455
Unbilled accounts receivable	94,111	103,829
Prepaid expenses	39,522	31,724
Restricted cash	413	301
Other current assets	26,978	21,229
Total current assets	566,711	549,335
Property and equipment, net	124,917	121,565
Investments accounted for using equity method	1,455	1,588
Long-term investments	862	4,140
Deferred income taxes	24,220	31,528
Goodwill	281,353	297,251
Intangible assets, net	92,326	96,001
Other long-term assets	22,201	11,772
Total assets	1,114,045	1,113,180
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	40,195	29,541
Accrued employee compensation and benefits	59,922	71,500
Deferred revenue	6,120	7,908
Accrued expenses and other	121,083	91,306
Current portion of long-term debt	11,407	11,407
Income taxes payable	2,109	5,038
Total current liabilities	240,836	216,700
Deferred income taxes	18,326	21,341
Long-term debt, less current portion	311,672	288,227
Long-term liabilities	30,353	43,833
Total liabilities	601,187	570,101
Commitments and contingencies
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock: par value $0.01 per share, 108,000 shares authorized, 108,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018; redemption amount and liquidation preference of $108,000 at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018	107,120	106,996
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	24,924
Stockholders' equity:
Undesignated preferred stock, $0.01 par value; Authorized 5,000,000 shares at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018; zero shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively
Common stock, $0.01 par value; Authorized 120,000,000 shares at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018; issued 32,781,374 and 32,469,092 shares at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively; outstanding 29,901,375 and 29,589,093 shares at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively	328	325
Treasury stock, 2,879,999 common shares, at cost, at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018	(39,652)	(39,652)
Additional paid-in capital	237,887	260,612
Retained earnings	243,006	238,019
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(60,755)	(40,681)
Total Virtusa stockholders’ equity	380,814	418,623
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries		17,460
Total Stockholders' equity	380,814	436,083
Total liabilities, Series A convertible preferred stock, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,114,045	$ 1,113,180

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Accounts receivable, allowance (in dollars)	$ 2,627	$ 3,328
Series A convertible preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Series A convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	108,000	108,000
Series A convertible preferred stock, shares issued	108,000	108,000
Series A convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	108,000	108,000
Series A convertible preferred stock, redemption amount	$ 108,000	$ 108,000
Series A convertible preferred stock, liquidation preference	$ 108,000	$ 108,000
Undesignated preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Undesignated preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Undesignated preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Undesignated preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	120,000,000	120,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	32,781,374	32,469,092
Common stock, shares outstanding	29,901,375	29,589,093
Treasury stock, common shares	2,879,999	2,879,999

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Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)
Revenue	$ 314,681	$ 263,809	$ 920,232	$ 739,328
Costs of revenue	221,461	183,420	654,288	528,103
Gross profit	93,220	80,389	265,944	211,225
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	73,935	66,726	218,716	181,213
Income from operations	19,285	13,663	47,228	30,012
Other income (expense):
Interest income	634	1,080	1,988	3,012
Interest expense	(4,597)	(1,305)	(13,365)	(4,376)
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	8,319	2,576	(11,794)	1,019
Other, net	(444)	492	998	1,376
Total other income (expense)	3,912	2,843	(22,173)	1,031
Income before income tax expense	23,197	16,506	25,055	31,043
Income tax expense	10,400	24,427	15,863	26,725
Net income (loss)	12,797	(7,921)	9,192	4,318
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax	221	2,134	1,407	5,947
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders	12,576	(10,055)	7,785	(1,629)
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	1,087	1,087	3,262	2,875
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$ 11,489	$ (11,142)	$ 4,523	$ (4,504)
Basic earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.38	$ (0.38)	$ 0.15	$ (0.15)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.37	$ (0.38)	$ 0.15	$ (0.15)

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Net income	$ 12,797	$ (7,921)	$ 9,192	$ 4,318
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(2,477)	4,641	(20,201)	9,068
Pension plan adjustment	73	31	(23)	123
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	263	8	(51)	212
Unrealized gain (loss) on effective cash flow hedges, net of tax	6,067	(106)	(1,072)	(8,314)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	3,926	4,574	(21,347)	1,089
Comprehensive income (loss)	16,723	(3,347)	(12,155)	5,407
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest, net of tax	669	3,930	134	7,238
Comprehensive income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders	$ 16,054	$ (7,277)	$ (12,289)	$ (1,831)

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total Virtusa Stockholders’ Equity	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Non-controlling interest	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	Total
Balance at Mar. 31, 2017	$ 497,032	$ 318	$ (9,652)	$ 305,387	$ 240,728	$ (39,749)	$ 87,984		$ 585,016
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2017		31,762,214	(1,856,703)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	1,629	$ 1		1,628					1,629
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options (in shares)		117,094
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options	142			142					142
Restricted stock awards vested		$ 1		(1)
Restricted stock awards vested (in shares)		94,831
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	(1,416)			(1,416)					(1,416)
Repurchase of common stock	(27,319)		$ (27,319)						(27,319)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)			(947,706)
Share-based compensation	4,731			4,731					4,731
Subsidiary share based compensation	57			57					57
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	(701)				(701)				(701)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(379)					(379)	273		(106)
Net income (loss)	3,658				3,658
Net income (loss)							989
Net income (loss)									4,647
Balance at Jun. 30, 2017	477,434	$ 320	$ (36,971)	310,528	243,685	(40,128)	89,246		566,680
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2017		31,974,139	(2,804,409)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2017	497,032	$ 318	$ (9,652)	305,387	240,728	(39,749)	87,984		585,016
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2017		31,762,214	(1,856,703)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income (loss)									(1,629)
Net income (loss)									5,947
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	483,606	$ 322	$ (39,652)	326,663	236,224	(39,951)	95,222		578,828
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		32,223,386	(2,879,999)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2017	477,434	$ 320	$ (36,971)	310,528	243,685	(40,128)	89,246		566,680
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2017		31,974,139	(2,804,409)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	1,088	$ 1		1,087					1,088
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options (in shares)		90,555
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options	54			54					54
Restricted stock awards vested		$ 1		(1)
Restricted stock awards vested (in shares)		86,399
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	(1,015)			(1,015)					(1,015)
Repurchase of common stock	(2,681)		$ (2,681)						(2,681)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)			(75,590)
Share-based compensation	6,090			6,090					6,090
Subsidiary share based compensation	52			52					52
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	(1,087)				(1,087)				(1,087)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(2,600)					(2,600)	(779)		(3,379)
Net income (loss)	4,768				4,768
Net income (loss)							2,824
Net income (loss)									7,592
Balance at Sep. 30, 2017	482,103	$ 322	$ (39,652)	316,795	247,366	(42,728)	91,291		573,394
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2017		32,151,093	(2,879,999)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	632			632					632
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options (in shares)		54,474
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options	440			440					440
Restricted stock awards vested (in shares)		17,819
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	(322)			(322)					(322)
Share-based compensation	9,091			9,091					9,091
Subsidiary share based compensation	27			27					27
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	(1,087)				(1,087)				(1,087)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	2,777					2,777	1,797		4,574
Net income (loss)	(10,055)				(10,055)				(10,055)
Net income (loss)							2,134		2,134
Net income (loss)									(7,921)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	483,606	$ 322	$ (39,652)	326,663	236,224	(39,951)	95,222		578,828
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		32,223,386	(2,879,999)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	418,623	$ 325	$ (39,652)	260,612	238,019	(40,681)	17,460		$ 436,083
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		32,469,092	(2,879,999)						29,589,093
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	294			294					$ 294
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options (in shares)		33,173
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options	196			196					196
Restricted stock awards vested		$ 1		(1)
Restricted stock awards vested (in shares)		95,432
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	(2,450)			(2,450)					(2,450)
Share-based compensation	7,908			7,908					7,908
Subsidiary share based compensation	30			30					30
Cumulative effect of adopting ASC Topic 606, net of tax	464				464				464
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	(1,087)				(1,087)				(1,087)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(13,060)					(13,060)	(1,466)		(14,526)
Net income (loss)	(6,296)				(6,296)
Net income (loss)							731
Net income (loss)									(5,565)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2018	404,622	$ 326	$ (39,652)	266,589	231,100	(53,741)	16,725		421,347
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		32,597,697	(2,879,999)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	418,623	$ 325	$ (39,652)	260,612	238,019	(40,681)	17,460		$ 436,083
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		32,469,092	(2,879,999)						29,589,093
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Payment of redeemable noncontrolling interest related to Polaris									$ 30,387
Net income (loss)									7,785
Net income (loss)									1,407
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	380,814	$ 328	$ (39,652)	237,887	243,006	(60,755)		$ 24,924	$ 380,814
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		32,781,374	(2,879,999)						29,901,375
Balance at Jun. 30, 2018	404,622	$ 326	$ (39,652)	266,589	231,100	(53,741)	16,725		$ 421,347
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		32,597,697	(2,879,999)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	134			134					134
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options (in shares)		9,918
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options	64			64				3	64
Restricted stock awards vested		$ 2		(2)
Restricted stock awards vested (in shares)		162,090
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	(5,152)			(5,152)					(5,152)
Share-based compensation	8,022			8,022					8,022
Reclassification of previously recognized stock compensation related to liabilities classified awards for Polaris to liabilities	(617)			(617)					(617)
Payment of redeemable noncontrolling interest related to Polaris								(28,395)
Foreign currency translation on redeemable noncontrolling interest								(2,045)
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	(1,088)				(1,088)				(1,088)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(10,492)					(10,492)		(255)	(10,492)
Net income (loss)	1,505				1,505			456
Net income (loss)									1,505
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	359,156	$ 328	$ (39,652)	231,196	231,517	(64,233)	275	24,614	359,431
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018		32,769,705	(2,879,999)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Adjustments of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	(37,842)			(37,842)			(16,450)	54,850	(54,292)
Proceeds from the exercise of subsidiary stock options								50
Restricted stock awards vested (in shares)		11,669
Restricted stock awards withheld for tax	(226)			(226)					(226)
Share-based compensation	6,993			6,993					6,993
Subsidiary share based compensation	6			6					6
Other	(115)			(115)			(290)		(405)
Payment of redeemable noncontrolling interest related to Polaris								(1,992)
Foreign currency translation on redeemable noncontrolling interest								995
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	(1,087)				(1,087)				(1,087)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	3,478					3,478		448	3,478
Net income (loss)	12,576				12,576			206	12,576
Net income (loss)							$ 15		221
Net income (loss)									12,591
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	380,814	$ 328	$ (39,652)	237,887	$ 243,006	$ (60,755)		24,924	$ 380,814
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		32,781,374	(2,879,999)						29,901,375
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Adjustments of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	$ 33			$ 33				$ 603	$ 33

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 9,192	$ 4,318
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	21,696	20,711
Share-based compensation expense	24,104	20,048
Provision (recovery) for doubtful accounts	(549)	1,025
Gain on disposal of property and equipment	(115)	(40)
Impairment of investment	885
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net	11,794	(1,019)
Amortization of discounts and premiums on investments	84	258
Amortization of debt issuance cost	819	847
Deferred income taxes, net	(6,225)	5,219
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	4,780	(6,754)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(7,729)	(3,860)
Other long-term assets	(11,702)	(2,760)
Accounts payable	12,014	(352)
Accrued employee compensation and benefits	(9,041)	2,167
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	13,135	6,855
Income taxes payable	2,975	(4,300)
Other long-term liabilities	3,705	11,818
Net cash provided by operating activities	69,822	54,181
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	568	217
Purchase of short-term investments	(84,185)	(88,033)
Proceeds from sale or maturity of short-term investments	88,204	118,614
Purchase of long-term investments		(16,772)
Proceeds from sale or maturity of long-term investments		1,606
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(1,919)	(600)
Purchase of property and equipment	(24,715)	(11,242)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(22,047)	3,790
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	32,000	25,000
Payment of debt	(9,375)	(81,000)
Payment of other noncontrolling interest	(373)
Payments of withholding taxes related to net share settlements of restricted stock	(7,828)	(2,753)
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock proceeds, net of issuance costs of $1,154		106,846
Repurchase of common stock		(30,000)
Principal payments on capital lease obligation	(65)	(161)
Payment of contingent consideration related to acquisitions	(100)
Payment of redeemable noncontrolling interest related to Polaris	(30,387)
Payment of dividend on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(3,138)	(2,081)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(18,307)	19,838
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(13,530)	4,123
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	15,938	81,932
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	195,236	145,086
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	211,174	227,018
Parent
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	428	3,351
Subsidiaries
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	$ 531	$ 636

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Balance sheet classification
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 210,579	$ 194,897
Restricted cash in current assets		413	301
Restricted cash in other long-term assets		$ 182	$ 38
Restricted cash in other long-term assets, balance sheet location		us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent	us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
Total restricted cash		$ 595	$ 339
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 227,018	$ 211,174	$ 195,236
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Issuance costs	$ 1,154

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Nature of the Business

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Nature of the Business

Nature of the Business

(1) Nature of the Business

Virtusa Corporation (the “Company”, “Virtusa”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is a global provider of digital engineering and information technology (“IT”) outsourcing services that accelerate business outcomes for our clients. We support Forbes Global 2000 clients across large, consumer facing industries like banking, financial services, insurance, healthcare, communications, and media and entertainment, as these clients seek to improve their business performance through accelerating revenue growth, delivering compelling consumer experiences, improving operational efficiencies, and lowering overall IT costs. We provide services across the entire spectrum of the IT services lifecycle, from strategy and consulting to technology and user experience (“UX”) design, development of IT applications, systems integration, testing and business assurance, and maintenance and support services, including infrastructure and managed services. We help our clients solve critical business problems by leveraging a combination of our distinctive consulting approach, unique platforming methodology, and deep domain and technology expertise.

Our services enable our clients to accelerate business outcomes by consolidating, rationalizing and modernizing their core customer-facing processes into one or more core systems. We deliver cost-effective solutions through a global delivery model, applying advanced delivery methods such as Agile, an industry standard technique designed to accelerate application development. We also use our consulting methodology, which we refer to as Accelerated Solution Design (“ASD”), which is a collaborative decision-making and design process performed with the client to ensure our solutions meet the client’s specifications and requirements. Our industry leading business transformational solutions combine deep domain expertise with our strengths in software engineering and business consulting to support our clients’ business-imperative initiatives across business growth and IT operations.

Headquartered in Massachusetts, we have offices in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, with global delivery centers in India, Sri Lanka, Hungary, Singapore and Malaysia, as well as near shore delivery centers in the United States.

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Unaudited Interim Financial Information

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

(2) Unaudited Interim Financial Information

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on May 25, 2018. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been included, and all material adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected to occur for the entire fiscal year.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis and reflect the financial statements of Virtusa Corporation and all of its subsidiaries that are directly or indirectly more than 50% owned or controlled. When the Company does not have a controlling interest in an entity, but exerts a significant influence on the entity, the Company applies the equity method of accounting. For those majority-owned subsidiaries that are not 100% owned by the Company, the interests of the minority owners are accounted for as noncontrolling interests.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including the recoverability of tangible assets, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Management re-evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis. The most significant estimates relate to the recognition of revenue and profits based on the percentage of completion method of accounting for fixed-price contracts, share-based compensation, income taxes, including reserves for uncertain tax positions, deferred taxes and liabilities, intangible assets, contingent consideration and valuation of financial instruments including derivative contracts and investments. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The actual amounts may vary from the estimates used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

At December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, unbilled accounts receivable, restricted cash, accounts payable, accrued employee compensation and benefits, other accrued expenses and long-term debt, approximate their fair values due to the nature of the items. See Note 5 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Unless otherwise discussed below, the adoption of new accounting standards did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued an Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606”) as well as other clarifications and technical guidance related to this new revenue standard, including ASC Topic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs — Contracts with Customers (“ASC 340-40”). ASC Topic 606 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. In March, April and May 2016, the FASB issued updates to the new revenue standard to clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations for reporting revenue gross versus net, identifying performance obligations, accounting for licenses of intellectual property, transition, contract modifications, collectability, non-cash consideration and presentation of sales and other similar taxes with the same effective date. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective method. The Company adopted the standard effective April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of that date. Upon adoption of ASC Topic 606 on April 1, 2018, the Company recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings of approximately $464, after a tax impact of $142. The impact of adoption primarily relates to the longer period of amortization for costs to fulfill a contract compared to the amortization period prior to adoption.

The following table summarizes the cumulative effect of adopting ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method of adoption as of April 1, 2018:

	Balance as of			ASC Topic 606	Balance as of
	March 31, 2018			Adjustments	April 1, 2018
Balance Sheet :
Assets
Other current assets	$	21,229	$	(62)	$	21,167
Deferred income taxes		31,528		(142)		31,386
Other long-term assets		11,772		668		12,440
Stockholders’ equity
Retained earnings	$	238,019	$	464	$	238,483

See Note 8 “Revenues” in the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding revenues.

In January 2016, the FASB issued an update (ASU 2016-01) to the standard on financial instruments. The update significantly revises an entity’s accounting related to (1) the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and (2) the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. The update also amends certain disclosure requirements. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Upon adoption, entities will be required to make a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. However, the specific guidance on equity securities without readily determinable fair value will apply prospectively to all equity investments that exist as of the date of adoption. The Company adopted this guidance on April 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements, therefore, the Company did not record any cumulative adjustments to the opening retained earnings in the consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash (Topic 230), which is intended to reduce diversity in practice on how changes in restricted cash are classified and presented in the statement of cash flows. This ASU requires amounts generally described as restricted cash to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company adopted the standard effective April 1, 2018 using the retrospective method. As a result of the adoption, the Company restated its consolidated statement of cash flows for all of the prior periods presented. The following table summarizes the impact of this standard on the Company’s consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended December 31, 2017:

	As Reported		Restated		Effect
Cash flows from investing activities:
Increase in restricted cash	$	(119)	$	—	$	119
Net cash provided by investing activities		3,671		3,790		119
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		4,120		4,123		3
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		81,810		81,932		122
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		144,908		145,086		178
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	226,718	$	227,018	$	300

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost”, a guidance on presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The new standard requires that an employer disaggregate the service costs components of net benefit cost. The employer is required to report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component, such as in other income and expense. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this guidance effective April 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the Company presented the service cost component in costs of revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses. The other components of net periodic pension cost are presented within other (income) expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements, therefore, the Company did not retrospectively change the presentation of the financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The new standard is intended to simplify aspects of share-based compensation issued to non-employees by making the guidance consistent with accounting for employee share-based compensation. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company early adopted this guidance effective April 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Unless otherwise discussed below, the Company believes the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an update (ASU 2016-02) to the standard on leases to increase transparency and comparability among organizations. The FASB subsequently issued ASU 2018-10, ASU 2018-11 in July 2018 and ASU 2018-20 in December 2018, which provide clarifications and improvements to this new standard. ASU 2018-11 also provides the optional transition method which allows companies to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date instead of at the earliest comparative period presented. The new standard replaces the existing guidance on leases and requires the lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with lease terms equal to or greater than twelve months. For finance leases, the lessee would recognize interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use asset, and for operating leases, the lessee would recognize total lease expense on a straight-line basis. For public business entities this standard is effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption of this new standard is permitted. Entities will be required to use a modified retrospective transition which provides for certain practical expedients. The Company has developed a transition plan, which includes evaluating its population of leased assets to assess the impact of the ASU on its lease portfolio, and designing and implementing new processes and controls. The Company is currently planning to elect the package of practical expedients which permits the Company to not reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs. While the Company continues to assess the potential impact of this ASU, it does anticipate this ASU will have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheets primarily due to recognizing a right-to-use-asset and a lease liability for operating leases.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. This standard update requires financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). The amendments in this Update allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Consequently, the amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The amendments in this Update also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted, including interim periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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Earnings (Loss) per Share

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Earnings (Loss) per Share

Earnings (Loss) per Share

(3) Earnings (Loss) per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss), less any dividends and accretion of issuance cost on the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. In computing diluted EPS, the Company adjusts the numerator used in the basic EPS computation, subject to anti-dilution requirements, to add back the dividends (declared or cumulative undeclared) applicable to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. Such add-back would also include any adjustments to equity in the period to accrete the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to its redemption price. The Company adjusts the denominator used in the basic EPS computation, subject to anti-dilution requirements, to include the dilution from potential shares resulting from the issuance of restricted stock units, unvested restricted stock and stock options along with the conversion of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to common stock. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the periods set forth below:

The components of basic earnings (loss) per share are as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Numerators:
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders	$	12,576	$	(10,055)	$	7,785	$	(1,629)
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion		1,087		1,087		3,262		2,875
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	11,489	$	(11,142)	$	4,523	$	(4,504)
Denominators:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		29,893,220		29,295,730		29,764,507		29,387,977
Basic earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.38	$	(0.38)	$	0.15	$	(0.15)

The components of diluted earnings (loss) per share are as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Numerators:
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	11,489	$	(11,142)	$	4,523	$	(4,504)
Add : Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion		1,087		—		—		—
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders and assumed conversion	$	12,576	$	(11,142)	$	4,523	$	(4,504)
Denominators:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		29,893,220		29,295,730		29,764,507		29,387,977
Dilutive effect of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock if converted		3,000,000		—		—		—
Dilutive effect of employee stock options and unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units		768,508		—		833,607		—
Weighted average shares—diluted		33,661,728		29,295,730		30,598,114		29,387,977
Diluted earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.37	$	(0.38)	$	0.15	$	(0.15)

During the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, unvested restricted stock awards and unvested restricted stock units issuable for, and options to purchase, 20,617 and 1,366,212 shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings (loss) per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.  For the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the weighted average shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of 0 and 3,000,000, respectively, were excluded from the diluted earnings (loss) per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive using the if-converted method.

During the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, unvested restricted stock awards and unvested restricted stock units issuable for, and options to purchase, 13,745 and 1,598,783 shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings (loss) per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the weighted average shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of 3,000,000 and 2,637,363, respectively, were excluded from the diluted earnings (loss) per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive using the if-converted method.

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Investment Securities

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Investment Securities

Investment Securities

(4) Investment Securities

At December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, all of the Company’s investment securities were classified as available-for-sale securities and equity securities. These were carried on its balance sheet at their fair market value. A fair market value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs was used to measure each security (See Note 5 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments).

The following is a summary of investment securities at December 31, 2018:

			Gross		Gross		Other-than temporary
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		impairment
	Cost		Gains		Losses		recognized in earnings		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate bonds:
Current	$	8,800	$	—	$	(21)	$	—	$	8,779
Preference shares:		1,599		—		—		(885)		714
Time Deposits:
Current		18,109		—		—		—		18,109
Equity securities:
Mutual funds:
Current		14,564		189		—		—		14,753
Equity Shares/ Options:
Non-current		7		141		—		—		148
Total available-for-sale securities and equity securities	$	43,079	$	330	$	(21)	$	(885)	$	42,503

The following is a summary of investment securities at March 31, 2018:

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate bonds:
Current	$	25,397	$	—	$	(126)	$	25,271
Non-current		2,293		—		(22)		2,271
Preference shares:
Non-current		1,726		—		(70)		1,656
Agency and short-term notes:
Current		800		—		(1)		799
Mutual funds:
Current		1,540		11		—		1,551
Equity Shares/ Options:
Non-current		15		198		—		213
Time deposits:
Current		18,279		—		—		18,279
Total available-for-sale securities	$	50,050	$	209	$	(219)	$	50,040

The Company evaluates investments with unrealized losses to determine if the losses are other than temporary. In making this determination, the Company considered the financial condition, credit ratings and near-term prospects of the issuers, the underlying collateral of the investments, and the magnitude of the losses as compared to the cost and the length of time the investments have been in an unrealized loss position. Additionally, while the Company classifies the securities as available for sale, the Company does not currently intend to sell such investments and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell such investments prior to the recovery of their carrying value.

During the three months ending December 31, 2018, the issuer of the Company’s investment in preference shares began showing signs of financial distress. This included down-grades to its credit rating and a decrease in trading activity and market pricing for this security. Due to the uncertainty in recovering the amortized cost of this security, the Company has determined the unrealized losses are other-than-temporary and recorded the impairment in earnings. The Company has determined that other unrealized losses at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 are temporary.

The following is a summary of other-than-temporary impairment unrealized losses recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2018:

	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
	2018
Unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive loss as of September 30, 2018	$	242
Add: unrealized losses recognized		643
Less: Other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings		(885)
Unrealized losses in other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2018	$	—

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities and the gross gains and losses that have been included in earnings as a result of those sales were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Proceeds from sales or maturities of available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities	$	27,633	$	57,391	$	88,204	$	120,220
Gross gains	$	253	$	241	$	639	$	916
Gross losses		—		(36)		(32)		(127)
Net realized gains on sales of available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities	$	253	$	205	$	607	$	789

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

(5) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company uses a framework for measuring fair value under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflected in the consolidated financial statements at carrying value include marketable securities and other financial instruments which approximate fair value. Fair value for marketable securities is determined using a market approach based on quoted market prices at period end in active markets. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following.

· Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

· Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

· Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2018:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investments:
Available-for-sales securities—current	$	—	$	26,888		—	$	26,888
Equity securities—current		—		14,753		—		14,753
Available-for-sales securities—non-current		—		714		—		714
Equity securities—non-current		—		148		—		148
Derivative financial instruments:
Foreign currency derivative contracts		—		3,774		—		3,774
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		1,779		—		1,779
Total assets	$	—	$	48,056	$	—	$	48,056
Liabilities:
Foreign currency derivative contracts		—		1,439	$	—		1,439
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		2,333		—		2,333
Total liabilities	$	—	$	3,772	$	—	$	3,772

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2018:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investments:
Available-for-sales securities—current	$	—	$	45,900		—	$	45,900
Available-for-sales securities—non-current		—		4,140		—		4,140
Foreign currency derivative contracts		—		2,122		—		2,122
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		2,486		—		2,486
Total assets	$	—	$	54,648	$	—	$	54,648
Liabilities:
Foreign currency derivative contracts	$	—		1,023	$	—		1,023
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		—		—		—
Contingent consideration		—		—		100		100
Total liabilities	$	—	$	1,023	$	100	$	1,123

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Derivative Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

(6) Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its foreign exchange policy on an ongoing basis to assess its ability to address foreign exchange exposures on its consolidated balance sheets, statements of income and consolidated statement of cash flows from all foreign currencies, including most significantly the U.K. pound sterling and Indian rupee. The Company enters into hedging programs with highly rated financial institutions in accordance with its foreign exchange policy (as approved by the Company’s audit committee and board of directors) which permits hedging of material, known foreign currency exposures. There is no margin required, no cash collateral posted or received by us related to our foreign exchange forward contracts.

The U.S. dollar notional value of all outstanding foreign currency derivative contracts was $158,881 and $140,347 at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively. Unrealized net gains related to these contracts which are expected to be reclassified from AOCI to earnings during the next 12 months are $1,548 at December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, the maximum outstanding term of any derivative instrument was 18 months.

The Company also uses interest rate swaps to mitigate the Company’s interest rate risk on the Company’s variable rate debt. The Company’s objective is to limit the variability of cash flows associated with changes in LIBOR interest rate payments due on the Credit Agreement (See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements), by using pay-fixed, receive-variable interest rate swaps to offset the future variable rate interest payments.

The Company purchased interest rate swaps in July 2016 with an effective date of July 2017 and in November 2018.  The July 2016 interest rate swaps are at a blended weighted average of 1.025% and the Company will receive 1-month LIBOR on the same notional amounts. The November 2018 interest rate swaps were entered into to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with the Credit Agreement executed in February 2018 and subsequent additional borrowings. The November 2018 interest rate swaps are at a fixed rate of 2.85% and are designed to maintain a 50% coverage of our LIBOR debt, therefore the notional amount changes over the life of the swap to retain the 50% coverage target. At December 31, 2018, the total notional amounts of the interest rate swaps were $163,812 with remaining maturity of approximately 4 years.

The following table sets forth the fair value of derivative instruments included in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018:

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Foreign currency exchange contracts:
Other current assets	$	2,987	$	2,109
Other long-term assets	$	787	$	13
Accrued expenses and other	$	1,439	$	1,023
Long-term liabilities	$	—	$	—

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Interest rate swap contracts:
Other long-term assets	$	1,779	$	2,486
Long-term liabilities	$	2,333	$	—

The following tables set forth the effect of the Company’s foreign currency exchange contracts and interest rate swap contracts on the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives
Derivatives Designated as	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	2018		2017		2018		2017
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	9,398	$	4,211	$	(2,203)	$	4,811
Interest rate swaps	$	(2,776)	$	518	$	(2,310)	$	281

	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income
Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
from AOCI into Income	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenue	$	(510)	$	2,334	$	(1,673)	$	7,846
Costs of revenue	$	(846)	$	1,432	$	(1,187)	$	5,484
Operating expenses	$	(405)	$	750	$	(578)	$	3,060
Interest Expenses	$	288		59	$	731		93

		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income
		(loss) on Derivatives
		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
Derivatives not Designated	Location of Gain Or (Loss)	December 31,				December 31,
as Hedging Instruments	Recognized in Income on Derivatives	2018		2017		2018		2017
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Foreign currency transaction gains  (losses)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
	Revenue	$	1,131	$	216	$	2,237	$	(120)
	Costs of revenue	$	(784)	$	(177)	$	(1,537)	$	55
	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	(75)	$	(94)	$	(93)	$	(41)

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Acquisitions

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

(7) Acquisitions

On March 12, 2018, (i) the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement by and among the Company, eTouch Systems Corp. (“eTouch US”) and each of the equity holders of eTouch US to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US, and (ii) certain of the Company’s Indian subsidiaries entered into a share purchase agreement by and among those Company subsidiaries, eTouch Systems (India) Pvt. Ltd (“eTouch India,” together with eTouch US, “eTouch”) and the equity holders of eTouch India to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch India (together with the acquisition of eTouch US, the “Acquisition”). The Acquisition strengthens our digital engineering capabilities, and establishes a solid base in Silicon Valley.

Under the terms of the equity purchase agreement and the share purchase agreement, on March 12, 2018, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US and eTouch India for approximately $140,000 in cash, subject to certain adjustments, with up to an additional $15,000 set aside for retention bonuses to be paid to eTouch management and key employees, in equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the transaction. The purchase price is being paid in three tranches with $80,000 paid at closing, $42,500 on the 12-month anniversary of the close of the transaction, and $17,500 on the 18-month anniversary of the close of the transaction, subject in each case to certain adjustments. The Company utilized the net cash proceeds of a $70,000 delayed draw term loan funded pursuant to the Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements) and $10,000 of cash on hand to make the payments due at the closing of the Acquisition. The Company paid an amount equal to $66,000 to the equity holders of eTouch US, and an amount equal to $14,000 to the equity holders of eTouch India, which together comprise the first of three tranches of the purchase price to be paid in connection with the closing of the Acquisition.

The purchase price is subject to adjustment after the closing in the event the working capital associated with eTouch deviates from a threshold amount and other contractual adjustments.

Under the purchase method of accounting, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their estimated fair values. The Company may continue to adjust the preliminary estimated fair values after obtaining more information regarding asset valuations, liabilities assumed, and revision of preliminary estimates. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded $7,100 as a reduction of goodwill related to updating the fair value assessment of customer relationships and trademark, $1,104 as an increase in goodwill related to a tax liability payable to the equity holders of eTouch US and $126 as an increase in goodwill related to other adjustments. The following are the preliminary fair values of assets and liabilities based on information available as of December 31, 2018 and may be subject to change during the measurement period.

A summary of the fair values for eTouch is as follows:

	Amount		Useful Life
Consideration Transferred:
Cash paid at closing	$	80,000
Fair value of the future payments		57,858
Tax related liability		10,417
Fair value of consideration		148,275
Less: Cash acquired		2,241
Total purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	146,034
Assets and Liabilities:
Cash and cash equivalents		2,241
Accounts receivable		15,522
Unbilled receivables		2,986
Prepaid expenses		815
Other current assets		375
Property and equipment		2,798
Other long-term assets		98
Goodwill		79,747
Trademark		900	2 years
Customer relationships		53,000	10 - 15 years
Accounts payable		(3,267)
Deferred revenue		(852)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(721)
Accrued employee compensation and benefits		(4,197)
Income taxes payable		(250)
Deferred income taxes		(368)
Other long-term liabilities		(552)
Total purchase price	$	148,275

Acquisition costs are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. The primary items that generated goodwill are the value of the acquired assembled workforces and synergies between eTouch and the Company, neither of which qualify as an amortizable intangible asset.

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Revenues

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Revenues

Revenues

(8) Revenues

Effective April 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”) as amended. The Company adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective method by recognizing the cumulative effect of adoption as an adjustment to retained earnings as of April 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after April 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with Revenue Recognition (“Topic 605”). The impact of adoption of the new guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of April 1, 2018 is presented in Note 2 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Revenue recognition

The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

The Company generally recognizes revenue for services over time as the Company’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls from fixed price contracts related to complex design, development and customization. For these contracts, the Company measures the progress and recognizes revenue using effort-based input methods, as the Company performs, based on actual efforts spent compared to the total expected efforts for the contract. The use of the effort based input method requires significant judgment relative to estimating total efforts, including assumptions relative to the length of time to complete the project and the nature and complexity of the work to be performed. Estimates of total efforts are continuously monitored during the term of the contract and are subject to revision as the contract progresses. When revisions in estimated contract revenue and efforts are determined, such adjustments are recorded in the period in which they are first identified. An input method is used to recognize revenue as the value of services provided to the customer is best represented by the hours expended to deliver those services.

The Company generally recognizes revenue for services over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the Company performs for fixed-price contracts related to consulting or other IT services. For these contracts, the Company measures the progress and recognizes revenue using effort-based input methods as the Company performs based on actual efforts spent compared to the total expected efforts for the contract. The cumulative impact of any change in estimates of the contract revenue is reflected in the period in which the changes become known.

The Company has applied the as-invoiced practical expedient to recognize revenues for services the Company renders to customers on time and material basis contracts.

The Company generally recognizes revenue from fixed-price applications management, maintenance, or support engagements over time as customers receive and consume the benefits of such services and have applied the as-invoiced practical expedient to recognize revenue for services the Company renders to customers based on the amount the Company has a right to invoice, which is representative of the value being delivered.

Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specification and requirements. The Company considers a contract modification when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. The accounting for modifications involves assessing whether the services added to an existing contract are distinct and whether the pricing is at the standalone selling price. Services added that are not distinct are accounted for on a cumulative catch up basis, while those that are distinct are accounted for prospectively, either as a separate contract if the additional services are priced at the standalone selling price, or as a termination of the existing contract and creation of a new contract if not priced at the standalone selling price.

Certain customers may receive discounts, incentive payments or service level credits. A portion of the revenues relating to such arrangements are accounted for as variable consideration when the amount of revenue to be recognized can be estimated to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of any revenue will not occur. The Company estimates these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and adjusts revenues recognized. The Company’s estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price may involve judgment and are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information that is reasonably available to us.

From time to time, the Company may enter into contracts with customers that include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on an expected cost plus a margin approach.

The Company’s warranties generally provide a customer with assurance that the related deliverable will function as the parties intended because it complies with agreed-upon specifications and is therefore not considered as an additional performance obligation in the contract.

When the Company receives consideration from a customer prior to transferring services to the customer under the terms of a contract, the Company records deferred revenue, which represents a contract liability. The Company recognizes deferred revenue as revenue after the Company has transferred control of the services to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria are met.

The Company’s payment terms vary by the type and location of its customers. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. As a practical expedient, the Company does not assess the existence of a significant financing component when the difference between payment and transfer of deliverables is one year or less.

The Company reports gross reimbursable “out-of-pocket” expenses incurred as both revenues and cost of revenues.

Any tax assessed by a governmental authority that is incurred as a result of a revenue transaction (e.g. sales tax) is excluded from the Company’s assessment of transaction prices.

Costs to obtain and fulfill

The Company’s costs to obtain contracts are generally expensed as incurred, as the liability is not solely a result of obtaining the contract. The costs to obtain contracts are triggered by multiple conditions such as being contingent on future performance, including continued employment and revenue recognized associated with the contract.

The Company’s recurring operating costs for contracts with customers are recognized as expense as incurred. Certain eligible costs incurred in the initial phases of the Company’s application maintenance, business process outsourcing and infrastructure services contracts (i.e. set-up or transition costs) are capitalized when such costs (1) relate directly to the contract, (2) generate or enhance resources of the Company that will be used in satisfying the performance obligation in the future, and (3) are expected to be recovered. These costs are expensed ratably over the estimated life of the customer relationship, including expected renewals. In determining the estimated life of the customer relationship, the Company evaluates the contract term, the expected life of the enhanced assets as well as the rate of technological and industry change. Capitalized amounts are monitored regularly for impairment. Impairment losses are recorded when projected remaining undiscounted operating cash flows are not sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the capitalized costs to fulfill.

The following table presents information related to the capitalized costs to fulfill, such as set-up or transition activities, for the nine months ended December 31, 2018:

	Costs to Fulfill
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	4,278
Costs capitalized		2,155
Amortization expense		(1,656)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(174)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	4,603

Costs to fulfill are recorded in “Other current assets” and “Other long-term assets” in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table summarizes the impacts of changes in accounting policies after adoption of ASC 606 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018:

	As of December 31, 2018
					Impacts of the New
	As reported		Pro-forma Amounts		Revenue standard
Balance Sheet :
Assets
Other current assets (1)	$	26,978	$	26,447	$	531
Total current assets						531
Deferred income taxes (3)		24,220		24,527		(307)
Other long-term assets (1)		22,201		22,244		(43)
Total Assets					$	181
Liabilities, Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, Redeemable noncontrolling interest and Stockholders’ equity
Deferred revenue (2)		6,120		7,051		(931)
Total current liabilities						(931)
Stockholders’ equity:
Retained earnings		243,006		241,894		1,112
Total liabilities, Series A convertible preferred stock, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity					$	181

	Three Months ended						Nine Months ended
	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2018
					Impact from						Impact from
			Pro-forma		New Revenue				Pro-forma		New Revenue
	As reported		Amounts		Standard		As reported		Amounts		Standard
Revenue (2)	$	314,681	$	314,017	$	664	$	920,232	$	919,301	$	931
Costs of revenue (1)		221,461		221,560		(99)		654,288		654,776		(488)
Gross profit		93,220		92,457		763		265,944		264,525		1,419
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses		73,935		73,935		—		218,716		218,716		—
Income from operations		19,285		18,522		763		47,228		45,809		1,419
Other income (expense)		3,912		3,912		-		(22,173)		(22,173)		-
Income before income tax expense		23,197		22,434		763		25,055		23,636		1,419
Income tax expense (3)		10,400		10,264		136		15,863		15,556		307
Net income	$	12,797	$	12,170	$	627	$	9,192		8,080	$	1,112
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax		221		221		—		1,407		1,407		—
Net income available to Virtusa stockholders	$	12,576	$	11,949	$	627	$	7,785		6,673	$	1,112
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion		1,087		1,087		—		3,262		3,262		—
Net income available to Virtusa common stockholders		11,489		10,862		627		4,523		3,411		1,112
Basic earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.38	$	0.36	$	0.02	$	0.15		0.11	$	0.04
Diluted earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.37	$	0.35	$	0.02	$	0.15		0.11	$	0.04

Notes

(1) Reflects the impact of a longer period of amortization for costs to fulfill a contract.

(2) Reflects the impact of changes in timing of revenue recognition on our software licenses and certain fixed-price application maintenance contracts.

(3) Reflects the income tax impact of the above items.

Receivables and Contract Balances

The Company classifies its right to consideration in exchange for deliverables as either a receivable or a contract asset. A receivable is a right to consideration that is unconditional (i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment is due). The Company presents such receivables in accounts receivable or unbilled accounts receivable, in its consolidated statements of financial position at their net estimated realizable value.

Contract assets included in unbilled accounts receivable are recorded when services have been provided but the Company does not have an unconditional right to receive consideration. Contracts assets are primarily related to unbilled amounts on fixed-price contracts utilizing the input method of revenue recognition. The timing between services rendered and timing of payment is less than one year. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the contract carrying amount is greater than the remaining consideration receivable, less directly related costs to be incurred. 

The table below shows significant movements during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 in contract assets:

	Contract Assets
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	15,998
Revenues recognized during the period but not yet billed		92,564
Amounts billed		(95,457)
Other		(507)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	12,598

Contract liabilities comprise amounts billed to customers for revenues not yet earned. Such amounts are anticipated to be recorded as revenues when services are performed in subsequent periods.

The table below shows significant movements in the deferred revenue balances during the nine months ended December 31, 2018:

	Contract
	Liabilities
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	7,908
Amounts billed but not yet recognized as revenues		5,310
Revenues recognized related to the opening balance of deferred revenue		(6,761)
Other		(337)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	6,120

Remaining performance obligation

ASC 606 requires that the Company discloses the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of December 31, 2018. This disclosure is not required for:

(1)contracts with an original duration of one year or less, including contracts that can be terminated for convenience without a substantive penalty,

(2)contracts for which the Company recognizes revenues based on the right to invoice for services performed,

(3)variable consideration allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-14(b), for which the criteria in ASC 606- 10-32-40 have been met, or

(4)variable consideration in the form of a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property.

Many of the Company’s performance obligations meet one or more of these exemptions. As of December 31, 2018, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations, other than those meeting the exclusion criteria above, was $50,363 and will be recognized as revenue within 4 years.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The table below presents disaggregated revenues from the Company’s contracts with customers by geography, industry groups, service offerings and contract-type. The Company believes this disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenues and cash flows are affected by industry, market and other economic factors.

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by geography:	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
North America	$	224,143	$	652,076
Europe		65,046		192,175
Rest of World		25,492		75,981
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by Customer’s Industry Groups	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Banking financial services insurance	$	197,329	$	578,138
Communications and Technology		89,159		257,527
Media & Information and Other		28,193		84,567
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by service offerings	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Application outsourcing	$	165,986	$	488,584
Consulting		148,695		431,648
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by contract type	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Time-and-materials	$	189,134	$	552,530
Fixed-price*		125,547		367,702
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

* Fixed-price includes both retainer-billing basis and fixed-price progress towards completion

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Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

(9) Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On May 3, 2017, the Company entered into an investment agreement with The Orogen Group (‘‘Orogen’’) pursuant to which Orogen purchased 108,000 shares of the Company’s newly issued Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, initially convertible into 3,000,000 shares of common stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $108,000 with an initial conversion price of $36.00 (the ‘‘Orogen Preferred Stock Financing’’). Under the terms of the investment, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has a 3.875% dividend per annum, payable quarterly in additional shares of common stock and/or cash at the Company’s option. If any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have not been converted into common stock prior to May 3, 2024, the Company will be required to repurchase such shares at a repurchase price equal to the liquidation preference of the repurchased shares plus the amount of accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon. If the Company fails to effect such repurchase, the dividend rate on the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will increase by 1% per annum and an additional 1% per annum on each anniversary of May 3, 2024 during the period in which such failure to effect the repurchase is continuing, except that the dividend rate will not increase to more than 6.875% per annum.

In connection with the issuance of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, the Company incurred direct and incremental expenses of $1,154, including financial advisory fees, closing costs, legal expenses and other offering-related expenses. These issuance costs are recorded as a reduction to the proceeds received from issuance of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. These direct and incremental expenses reduced the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, and will be accreted through retained earnings as a deemed dividend from the date of issuance through the first possible known redemption date, May 3, 2024. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded accretions to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock related to its issuance cost. Holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to a cumulative dividend at the rate of 3.875% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company has paid $3,138 and $2,081, respectively, as cash dividend on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had declared and accrued dividends of $686 associated with the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

(10) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill:

The Company has one operating segment. The following are details of the changes in goodwill balance at December 31, 2018:

	Amount
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	297,251
Preliminary fair value adjustment		(5,870)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(10,028)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	281,353

The acquisition costs and goodwill balance deductible for our business acquisitions for tax purposes are $147,216 The acquisition costs and goodwill balance not deductible for tax purposes are $147,041 and relate to the Company’s TradeTech acquisition (closed on January 2, 2014), the Polaris acquisition and the eTouch India acquisition.

Intangible Assets:

The following are details of the Company’s intangible asset carrying amounts acquired and amortization at December 31, 2018.

	Weighted	Gross				Net
	Average	Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	Useful Life	Amount		Amortization		Amount
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer relationships	12.2	$	133,484	$	41,899	$	91,585
Trademark	2.1		3,693		3,111		582
Technology	5.0		500		341		159
	12.0	$	137,677	$	45,351	$	92,326

The intangible assets are being amortized based upon the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are being utilized.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

(11) Income Taxes

The Company applies an estimated annual effective tax rate to its year-to-date operating results to determine the interim provision (benefit) for income tax expense. The Company’s effective tax rate was 44.8% and 63.3% for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to an effective tax rate of 148.0% and 86.1% for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 was significantly impacted by electing disregarded entity treatment for certain foreign subsidiaries, Global Intangible Low—taxed Income (“GILTI”) provisions and executive compensation limitations enacted in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), enacted on December 22, 2017 by the U.S. government. The Company’s reported effective tax rate is also impacted by jurisdictional mix of profits and losses in which the Company operates, foreign statutory tax rates in effect, unusual or infrequent discrete items requiring a provision during the period and certain exemptions or tax holidays applicable to the Company.

During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company elected to treat several foreign entities as disregarded entities. The earnings of these subsidiaries will be subject to US taxation as well as local taxation with a corresponding foreign tax credit, at the election of the Company. The election resulted in a deferred tax charge of $6,288 during the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The election also makes available to the Company benefits of foreign tax credits. The Company’s income tax provision for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 includes the expected impact of GILTI and executive compensation limitations of the Tax Act impacting our operating results for the Company’s 2019 fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The Company’s aggregate income tax rate in foreign jurisdictions is comparable to its income tax rate in the United States, as a result of the Tax Act, other than in jurisdictions in which the Company has tax holiday benefits.

The Tax Act contains several key tax provisions that have impacted the Company, including the reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Tax Act also includes a variety of other changes, such as a deemed repatriation tax on accumulated foreign earnings, a limitation on the tax deductibility of interest expense, acceleration of business asset expensing, and reduction in the amount of executive pay that could qualify as a tax deduction, among others. The lower corporate income tax rate required the Company to remeasure its U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities as well as reassess the realizability of its deferred tax assets and liabilities. ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, requires the Company to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment. The Securities and Exchange Commission has issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Job Act (“SAB 118”), which allows the Company to record provisional amounts during a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment of the Tax Act to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded a provisional charge of $17,834 for deemed repatriation of unremitted earnings and a provisional charge of $4,890 primarily to remeasure the Company’s opening U.S. deferred tax assets to reflect the lower statutory rate at which they will be realized. The Company has elected to pay the deemed repatriation tax on unremitted earnings in eight installments through the fiscal year 2025. In July 2018, the Company paid approximately $1,427 representing the first year installment out of the eight yearly installments.

During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Company made a final assessment of the deemed repatriation tax on unremitted earnings and the remeasurement of the Company’s opening U.S. deferred tax assets to reflect the lower statutory rate by the Tax Act as required by SAB 118. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized a $1,628 reduction to income tax expense related to the deemed repatriation of unremitted earnings as the Company finalized its provisional calculation related to the enactment of the Tax Act. The total impact from the Tax Act was $21,096. At December 31, 2018, the remaining deemed repatriation balance is $14,779, of which $1,139 is included in income tax payable and $13,640 is included in long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.

The U.S. Tax Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to GILTI earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. The Company has elected to provide for GILTI in the year incurred. The Company’s results for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 include the expected impact of GILTI. Given the complexity of the GILTI provisions, and foreign tax credit provisions, the Company continues to evaluate the effects of the GILTI provisions on its results. The Company continues to review the anticipated impacts of the base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”), and the associated safe harbor on inter-company payments, which is effective for our fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The Company has not recorded any impact associated with BEAT in the tax rate for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 given the Company’s understanding of current guidance.

A valuation allowance is required if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the asset will not be realized due to the inability of the Company to generate sufficient taxable income in a specific jurisdiction. The Company has $19,573 and $1,726 of net deferred tax assets in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively, at December 31, 2018. The Company has not recorded valuation allowance as management has concluded it is more likely than not to be utilized before expiration. The Company expects sufficient taxable income in future periods related to the impact of the GILTI and the election to treat several foreign entities as disregarded entities.

The Company’s Indian subsidiaries operate several development centers in areas designated a special economic zone, or SEZ, under the SEZ Act of 2005. In particular, the Company was approved as an SEZ Co-developer and has built a campus on a 6.3 acre parcel of land in Hyderabad, India that has been designated as an SEZ. As an SEZ Co-developer, the Company is entitled to certain tax benefits for any consecutive period of 10 years during the 15 year period starting in fiscal year 2008. The Company has other units at various stages of tax holiday benefit.

In addition, the Company’s Sri Lankan subsidiary, Virtusa (Private) Limited, is operating under a 12-year income tax holiday arrangement that is set to expire on March 31, 2019 and required Virtusa (Private) Limited to retain certain job creation and investment criteria through the expiration of the holiday period. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Company believes it had fulfilled its hiring and investment commitments and is eligible for tax holiday through March 2019. At December 31, 2018, the Company believes it is eligible for continued benefits for the entire 12-year tax holiday.

Due to the geographical scope of the Company’s operations, the Company is subject to tax examinations in various jurisdictions. The Company’s ongoing assessments of the more-likely-than-not outcomes of these examinations and related tax positions require judgment and can increase or decrease the Company’s effective tax rate, as well as impact the Company’s operating results. The specific timing of when the resolution of each tax position will be reached is uncertain. The Company does not believe that the outcome of any ongoing examination will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements within the next twelve months. The Company’s major taxing jurisdictions include the United States, the United Kingdom, India and Sri Lanka. In the United States, the Company remains subject to examination for all tax years ended after March 31, 2014. In the foreign jurisdictions, the Company generally remains subject to examination for tax years ended after March 31, 2005. The Company has been under income tax examination in India, the U.K. and the United States. The Company is currently appealing assessments in India for fiscal years ended March 31, 2005 through 2014. In the United Kingdom, the Company is currently under examination for transfer pricing matters for the years ended March 2014 to March 2017. In the United States, the IRS has initiated an examination of fiscal years ended March 31, 2015 to March 31, 2017.

Unrecognized tax benefits represent uncertain tax positions for which the Company has established reserves. At December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the total liability for unrecognized tax benefits was $7,013 and $7,544, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits may be adjusted upon the closing of the statute of limitations for income tax returns filed in various jurisdictions. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $531 and $107, respectively. The decrease in unrecognized tax benefits in the nine months period ending December 31, 2018 was predominantly due to foreign currency movements and the settlement of a prior period position offset by increases for incremental interest accrued on existing uncertain tax positions.

Undistributed Earnings of Foreign Subsidiaries

A substantial amount of the Company’s income before provision for income tax is from operations earned in its Indian and Sri Lankan subsidiaries and is subject to tax holiday. The Company intends to use accumulated and future earnings of foreign subsidiaries to expand operations outside the United States and, accordingly, undistributed income is considered indefinitely reinvested. The Company does not provide for U.S. income taxes on foreign currency translation or applicable withholding tax until a distribution is declared. At December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $188,183 of cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments that would otherwise be available for potential distribution, if not indefinitely reinvested. If required, such cash and investments could be repatriated to the United States. Due to the various methods by which such earnings could be repatriated in the future, the amount of taxes attributable to the undistributed earnings is not practicably determinable.

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Concentration of Revenue and Assets

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Concentration of Revenue and Assets

Concentration of Revenue and Assets

(12) Concentration of Revenue and Assets

Total revenue is attributed to geographic areas based on the location of the client. Long-lived assets represent property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, and are attributed to geographic area based on their location. Geographic information is summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Customer revenue:
United States of America	$	213,542	$	162,549	$	623,224	$	453,013
United Kingdom		52,248		49,598		154,813		139,612
Rest of World		48,891		51,662		142,195		146,703
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	263,809	$	920,232	$	739,328

	December 31,		March 31,
	2018		2018
Long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization:
United States of America	$	211,828	$	213,024
India		262,320		276,512
Rest of World		24,448		25,281
Consolidated long-lived assets, net	$	498,596	$	514,817

Revenue from significant clients as a percentage of the Company’s consolidated revenue was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Customer 1	18.0	%	20.0	%	17.7	%	19.2	%

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt

Debt

(13) Debt

On February 6, 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) dated as of February 6, 2018, by and among the Company, its guarantor subsidiaries party thereto, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as joint book runners and lead arrangers. The Credit Agreement replaced the prior $300,000 credit agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and provides for a $200,000 revolving credit facility and a $250,000 term loan and delayed-draw term loan. On August 14, 2018, the Company drew down $32,000 from the credit facility to finance the Polaris Consulting & Services Limited (“Polaris”) delisting open offer. The Company is required under the terms of the Credit Agreement to make quarterly principal payments on the term loan. For the fiscal year ending March 31, 2019, the Company is required to make principal payments of $3,125 per quarter. The Credit Agreement includes customary maximum debt to EBITDA and minimum fixed charge coverage covenants. The term of the Credit Agreement is five years ending February 6, 2023. At December 31, 2018, the interest rates on the term loan and line of credit were 5.03% and 4.95%, respectively.

At December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with its debt covenants and has provided a quarterly certification to its lenders to that effect. The Company believes that it currently meets all conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement to borrow thereunder and it is not aware of any conditions that would prevent it from borrowing part or all of the remaining available capacity under the existing revolving credit facility at December 31, 2018 and through the date of this filing.

Current portion of long-term debt

The following summarizes our short-term debt balances as of:

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Notes outstanding under the revolving credit facility	$	—	$	—
Term loan- current maturities		12,500		12,500
Less: deferred financing costs, current		(1,093)		(1,093)
Total	$	11,407	$	11,407

Long-term debt, less current portion

The following summarizes our long-term debt balance as of:

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Term loan	$	240,625	$	250,000
Borrowings under revolving credit facility		87,000		55,000
Less:
Current maturities		(12,500)		(12,500)
Deferred financing costs, long-term		(3,453)		(4,273)
Total	$	311,672	$	288,227

In July 2016 and November 2018, the Company entered into interest rate swap transactions to mitigate Company’s interest rate risk on Company’s variable rate debt (See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements).

Beginning in fiscal 2009, the Company’s U.K. subsidiary entered into an agreement with an unrelated financial institution to sell, without recourse or continuing involvement, certain of its European-based accounts receivable balances from one client to such third party financial institution. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, $18,453 of receivables were sold under the terms of the financing agreement. Fees paid pursuant to this agreement were immaterial during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018. No amounts were due as of December 31, 2018, but the Company may elect to use this program again in future periods. However, the Company cannot provide any assurances that this or any other financing facilities will be available or utilized in the future.

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Redeemable noncontrolling interest

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Redeemable noncontrolling interest

Redeemable noncontrolling interest

(14) Redeemable noncontrolling interest

In connection with the Company’s Indian Subsidiary, Virtusa Consulting Services Private Limited (“Virtusa India”) delisting offer of Polaris and subsequent stock exchange approvals, effective August 1, 2018, the Polaris common shares were delisted in accordance with SEBI Delisting Regulations. For a period of one year following the date of delisting, Virtusa India will, in compliance with SEBI Delisting Regulations, permit the public shareholders of Polaris to tender their shares for sale to Virtusa India at the exit price of INR 480 per share.

In connection with the Polaris delisting offer, during the nine months ended December 31, 2018, Virtusa India purchased 4,436,342 shares, or approximately 4.3% of Polaris common stock from shareholders for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $30,387.

As of December 31, 2018, the Polaris common stock held by noncontrolling interest shareholders was 3,450,896 or approximately 3.34% of Polaris’ basic shares of common stock outstanding. In accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the Company has recorded the fair value of these shares as well as comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest totaling $24,924 and presented this in the mezzanine section of the consolidated balance sheet as redeemable noncontrolling interest.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $857 of Polaris stock options at fair value that were reclassified to current liabilities related to a deemed cash settlement modification resulting from the delisting offer.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

(15) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component were as follows for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Investment securities
Beginning balance	$	(225)	$	220	$	69	$	57
Other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) before reclassifications net of tax of $0,  $38,  $(52) and $138		(8)		29		(176)		229
Reclassifications from OCI to other income, net of tax of $0,  $(18),  $12 and $(33)		271		(21)		125		(17)
Less : Noncontrolling interests, net of tax $(5),  $(5),  $7 and $(27)		(8)		(10)		12		(51)
Comprehensive income (loss) on investment securities, net of tax of $(5),  $15,  $(33) and $78		255		(2)		(39)		161
Closing balance	$	30	$	218	$	30	$	218
Currency translation adjustments
Beginning balance	$	(57,318)	$	(46,135)	$	(41,207)	$	(50,415)
OCI before reclassifications		(2,477)		4,641		(20,201)		9,068
Less: Noncontrolling interests		(396)		(1,943)		1,217		(2,090)
Comprehensive income (loss) on currency translation adjustments		(2,873)		2,698		(18,984)		6,978
Closing balance	$	(60,191)	$	(43,437)	$	(60,191)	$	(43,437)
Cash flow hedges
Beginning balance	$	(5,179)	$	4,274	$	1,881	$	11,789
OCI before reclassifications net of tax of $1,608,  $1,263,  $(1,582), and $1,671		5,014		3,467		(2,931)		3,421
Reclassifications from OCI to
—Revenue, net of tax of $178,  $(808),  $586 and $(2,714)		332		(1,526)		1,087		(5,132)
—Costs of revenue, net of tax of $214,  $(129),  $303 and $(1,289)		632		(1,303)		884		(4,195)
—Selling, general and administrative expenses, net of tax of $102,  $(53),  $147 and $(719)		303		(697)		431		(2,341)
— Interest expenses, net of tax of $(74),  $(12),  $(188) and $(26)		(214)		(47)		(543)		(67)
Less: Noncontrolling interests, net of tax $(23),  $83,  $17 and $450		(44)		157		35		850
Comprehensive loss on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $2,005,  $344,  $(717) and $(2,627)		6,023		51		(1,037)		(7,464)
Closing balance	$	844	$	4,325	$	844	$	4,325
Benefit plans
Beginning balance	$	(1,511)	$	(1,088)	$	(1,424)	$	(1,180)
OCI before reclassifications net of tax of $0,  $0,  $348 and $0		3		—		(349)		—
Reclassifications from OCI for prior service credit (cost) to:
—Costs of revenue, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		2		—		6
—Selling, general and administrative expenses, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		—		—		1
Other income (expense), net of tax of $0 for all periods		14				42
Reclassifications from net actuarial gain (loss) amortization to:
—Costs of revenue, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		26		—		82
—Selling, general and administrative expenses, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		12		—		36
Other income (expense), net of tax of $0 for all periods		36		(9)		113		(2)
Other adjustments		20		—		171		—
Less: Noncontrolling interests, net of tax $0 for all periods		—		—		9		—
Comprehensive income (loss) on benefit plans, net of tax of $0,  $0,  $348 and $0		73		31		(14)		123
Closing balance		(1,438)	$	(1,057)		(1,438)	$	(1,057)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(60,755)	$	(39,951)	$	(60,755)	$	(39,951)

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Unaudited Interim Financial Information (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on May 25, 2018. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been included, and all material adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected to occur for the entire fiscal year.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis and reflect the financial statements of Virtusa Corporation and all of its subsidiaries that are directly or indirectly more than 50% owned or controlled. When the Company does not have a controlling interest in an entity, but exerts a significant influence on the entity, the Company applies the equity method of accounting. For those majority-owned subsidiaries that are not 100% owned by the Company, the interests of the minority owners are accounted for as noncontrolling interests.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including the recoverability of tangible assets, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Management re-evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis. The most significant estimates relate to the recognition of revenue and profits based on the percentage of completion method of accounting for fixed-price contracts, share-based compensation, income taxes, including reserves for uncertain tax positions, deferred taxes and liabilities, intangible assets, contingent consideration and valuation of financial instruments including derivative contracts and investments. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The actual amounts may vary from the estimates used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

At December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, unbilled accounts receivable, restricted cash, accounts payable, accrued employee compensation and benefits, other accrued expenses and long-term debt, approximate their fair values due to the nature of the items. See Note 5 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Unless otherwise discussed below, the adoption of new accounting standards did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued an Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606”) as well as other clarifications and technical guidance related to this new revenue standard, including ASC Topic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs — Contracts with Customers (“ASC 340-40”). ASC Topic 606 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. In March, April and May 2016, the FASB issued updates to the new revenue standard to clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations for reporting revenue gross versus net, identifying performance obligations, accounting for licenses of intellectual property, transition, contract modifications, collectability, non-cash consideration and presentation of sales and other similar taxes with the same effective date. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective method. The Company adopted the standard effective April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of that date. Upon adoption of ASC Topic 606 on April 1, 2018, the Company recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings of approximately $464, after a tax impact of $142. The impact of adoption primarily relates to the longer period of amortization for costs to fulfill a contract compared to the amortization period prior to adoption.

The following table summarizes the cumulative effect of adopting ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method of adoption as of April 1, 2018:

	Balance as of			ASC Topic 606	Balance as of
	March 31, 2018			Adjustments	April 1, 2018
Balance Sheet :
Assets
Other current assets	$	21,229	$	(62)	$	21,167
Deferred income taxes		31,528		(142)		31,386
Other long-term assets		11,772		668		12,440
Stockholders’ equity
Retained earnings	$	238,019	$	464	$	238,483

See Note 8 “Revenues” in the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding revenues.

In January 2016, the FASB issued an update (ASU 2016-01) to the standard on financial instruments. The update significantly revises an entity’s accounting related to (1) the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and (2) the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. The update also amends certain disclosure requirements. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Upon adoption, entities will be required to make a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. However, the specific guidance on equity securities without readily determinable fair value will apply prospectively to all equity investments that exist as of the date of adoption. The Company adopted this guidance on April 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements, therefore, the Company did not record any cumulative adjustments to the opening retained earnings in the consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash (Topic 230), which is intended to reduce diversity in practice on how changes in restricted cash are classified and presented in the statement of cash flows. This ASU requires amounts generally described as restricted cash to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company adopted the standard effective April 1, 2018 using the retrospective method. As a result of the adoption, the Company restated its consolidated statement of cash flows for all of the prior periods presented. The following table summarizes the impact of this standard on the Company’s consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended December 31, 2017:

	As Reported		Restated		Effect
Cash flows from investing activities:
Increase in restricted cash	$	(119)	$	—	$	119
Net cash provided by investing activities		3,671		3,790		119
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		4,120		4,123		3
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		81,810		81,932		122
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		144,908		145,086		178
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	226,718	$	227,018	$	300

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost”, a guidance on presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The new standard requires that an employer disaggregate the service costs components of net benefit cost. The employer is required to report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component, such as in other income and expense. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this guidance effective April 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the Company presented the service cost component in costs of revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses. The other components of net periodic pension cost are presented within other (income) expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements, therefore, the Company did not retrospectively change the presentation of the financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The new standard is intended to simplify aspects of share-based compensation issued to non-employees by making the guidance consistent with accounting for employee share-based compensation. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company early adopted this guidance effective April 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Unless otherwise discussed below, the Company believes the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an update (ASU 2016-02) to the standard on leases to increase transparency and comparability among organizations. The FASB subsequently issued ASU 2018-10, ASU 2018-11 in July 2018 and ASU 2018-20 in December 2018, which provide clarifications and improvements to this new standard. ASU 2018-11 also provides the optional transition method which allows companies to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date instead of at the earliest comparative period presented. The new standard replaces the existing guidance on leases and requires the lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with lease terms equal to or greater than twelve months. For finance leases, the lessee would recognize interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use asset, and for operating leases, the lessee would recognize total lease expense on a straight-line basis. For public business entities this standard is effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption of this new standard is permitted. Entities will be required to use a modified retrospective transition which provides for certain practical expedients. The Company has developed a transition plan, which includes evaluating its population of leased assets to assess the impact of the ASU on its lease portfolio, and designing and implementing new processes and controls. The Company is currently planning to elect the package of practical expedients which permits the Company to not reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs. While the Company continues to assess the potential impact of this ASU, it does anticipate this ASU will have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheets primarily due to recognizing a right-to-use-asset and a lease liability for operating leases.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. This standard update requires financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). The amendments in this Update allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Consequently, the amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The amendments in this Update also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted, including interim periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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Unaudited Interim Financial Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Recent accounting pronouncements

Summary of cumulative effect of adopting ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method

	Balance as of			ASC Topic 606	Balance as of
	March 31, 2018			Adjustments	April 1, 2018
Balance Sheet :
Assets
Other current assets	$	21,229	$	(62)	$	21,167
Deferred income taxes		31,528		(142)		31,386
Other long-term assets		11,772		668		12,440
Stockholders’ equity
Retained earnings	$	238,019	$	464	$	238,483

ASU 2016-18

Recent accounting pronouncements

Summary of impact of accounting standard adoption

	As Reported		Restated		Effect
Cash flows from investing activities:
Increase in restricted cash	$	(119)	$	—	$	119
Net cash provided by investing activities		3,671		3,790		119
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		4,120		4,123		3
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		81,810		81,932		122
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		144,908		145,086		178
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	226,718	$	227,018	$	300

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Earnings (Loss) per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Earnings (Loss) per Share

Schedule of components of basic earnings (loss) per share

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Numerators:
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders	$	12,576	$	(10,055)	$	7,785	$	(1,629)
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion		1,087		1,087		3,262		2,875
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	11,489	$	(11,142)	$	4,523	$	(4,504)
Denominators:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		29,893,220		29,295,730		29,764,507		29,387,977
Basic earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.38	$	(0.38)	$	0.15	$	(0.15)

Schedule of components of diluted earnings (loss) per share

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Numerators:
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	11,489	$	(11,142)	$	4,523	$	(4,504)
Add : Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion		1,087		—		—		—
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders and assumed conversion	$	12,576	$	(11,142)	$	4,523	$	(4,504)
Denominators:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		29,893,220		29,295,730		29,764,507		29,387,977
Dilutive effect of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock if converted		3,000,000		—		—		—
Dilutive effect of employee stock options and unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units		768,508		—		833,607		—
Weighted average shares—diluted		33,661,728		29,295,730		30,598,114		29,387,977
Diluted earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.37	$	(0.38)	$	0.15	$	(0.15)

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Investment Securities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Investment Securities

Summary of investment securities

The following is a summary of investment securities at December 31, 2018:

			Gross		Gross		Other-than temporary
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		impairment
	Cost		Gains		Losses		recognized in earnings		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate bonds:
Current	$	8,800	$	—	$	(21)	$	—	$	8,779
Preference shares:		1,599		—		—		(885)		714
Time Deposits:
Current		18,109		—		—		—		18,109
Equity securities:
Mutual funds:
Current		14,564		189		—		—		14,753
Equity Shares/ Options:
Non-current		7		141		—		—		148
Total available-for-sale securities and equity securities	$	43,079	$	330	$	(21)	$	(885)	$	42,503

The following is a summary of investment securities at March 31, 2018:

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate bonds:
Current	$	25,397	$	—	$	(126)	$	25,271
Non-current		2,293		—		(22)		2,271
Preference shares:
Non-current		1,726		—		(70)		1,656
Agency and short-term notes:
Current		800		—		(1)		799
Mutual funds:
Current		1,540		11		—		1,551
Equity Shares/ Options:
Non-current		15		198		—		213
Time deposits:
Current		18,279		—		—		18,279
Total available-for-sale securities	$	50,050	$	209	$	(219)	$	50,040

Summary of other-than-temporary impairment unrealized losses recognized

	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
	2018
Unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive loss as of September 30, 2018	$	242
Add: unrealized losses recognized		643
Less: Other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings		(885)
Unrealized losses in other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2018	$	—

Schedule of proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities and gross gains and losses included in earnings as a result

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Proceeds from sales or maturities of available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities	$	27,633	$	57,391	$	88,204	$	120,220
Gross gains	$	253	$	241	$	639	$	916
Gross losses		—		(36)		(32)		(127)
Net realized gains on sales of available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities	$	253	$	205	$	607	$	789

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Schedule of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2018:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investments:
Available-for-sales securities—current	$	—	$	26,888		—	$	26,888
Equity securities—current		—		14,753		—		14,753
Available-for-sales securities—non-current		—		714		—		714
Equity securities—non-current		—		148		—		148
Derivative financial instruments:
Foreign currency derivative contracts		—		3,774		—		3,774
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		1,779		—		1,779
Total assets	$	—	$	48,056	$	—	$	48,056
Liabilities:
Foreign currency derivative contracts		—		1,439	$	—		1,439
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		2,333		—		2,333
Total liabilities	$	—	$	3,772	$	—	$	3,772

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2018:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investments:
Available-for-sales securities—current	$	—	$	45,900		—	$	45,900
Available-for-sales securities—non-current		—		4,140		—		4,140
Foreign currency derivative contracts		—		2,122		—		2,122
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		2,486		—		2,486
Total assets	$	—	$	54,648	$	—	$	54,648
Liabilities:
Foreign currency derivative contracts	$	—		1,023	$	—		1,023
Interest Rate Swap Contracts		—		—		—		—
Contingent consideration		—		—		100		100
Total liabilities	$	—	$	1,023	$	100	$	1,123

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Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Derivative Financial Instruments

Schedule of fair value of derivative instruments included in the consolidated balance sheets

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Foreign currency exchange contracts:
Other current assets	$	2,987	$	2,109
Other long-term assets	$	787	$	13
Accrued expenses and other	$	1,439	$	1,023
Long-term liabilities	$	—	$	—

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Interest rate swap contracts:
Other long-term assets	$	1,779	$	2,486
Long-term liabilities	$	2,333	$	—

Schedule of effect of the Company’s foreign currency exchange and interest rate swap contracts on the consolidated financial statements

	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives
Derivatives Designated as	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	2018		2017		2018		2017
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	9,398	$	4,211	$	(2,203)	$	4,811
Interest rate swaps	$	(2,776)	$	518	$	(2,310)	$	281

	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income
Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
from AOCI into Income	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenue	$	(510)	$	2,334	$	(1,673)	$	7,846
Costs of revenue	$	(846)	$	1,432	$	(1,187)	$	5,484
Operating expenses	$	(405)	$	750	$	(578)	$	3,060
Interest Expenses	$	288		59	$	731		93

		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income
		(loss) on Derivatives
		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
Derivatives not Designated	Location of Gain Or (Loss)	December 31,				December 31,
as Hedging Instruments	Recognized in Income on Derivatives	2018		2017		2018		2017
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Foreign currency transaction gains  (losses)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
	Revenue	$	1,131	$	216	$	2,237	$	(120)
	Costs of revenue	$	(784)	$	(177)	$	(1,537)	$	55
	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	(75)	$	(94)	$	(93)	$	(41)

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Acquisitions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

eTouch

Acquisitions

Summary of the purchase price allocation

	Amount		Useful Life
Consideration Transferred:
Cash paid at closing	$	80,000
Fair value of the future payments		57,858
Tax related liability		10,417
Fair value of consideration		148,275
Less: Cash acquired		2,241
Total purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	146,034
Assets and Liabilities:
Cash and cash equivalents		2,241
Accounts receivable		15,522
Unbilled receivables		2,986
Prepaid expenses		815
Other current assets		375
Property and equipment		2,798
Other long-term assets		98
Goodwill		79,747
Trademark		900	2 years
Customer relationships		53,000	10 - 15 years
Accounts payable		(3,267)
Deferred revenue		(852)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(721)
Accrued employee compensation and benefits		(4,197)
Income taxes payable		(250)
Deferred income taxes		(368)
Other long-term liabilities		(552)
Total purchase price	$	148,275

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Revenues (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Revenues

Schedule of capitalized costs to fulfill

	Costs to Fulfill
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	4,278
Costs capitalized		2,155
Amortization expense		(1,656)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(174)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	4,603

Schedule of significant movements in contract assets and deferred revenue balances

The table below shows significant movements during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 in contract assets:

	Contract Assets
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	15,998
Revenues recognized during the period but not yet billed		92,564
Amounts billed		(95,457)
Other		(507)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	12,598

Contract liabilities comprise amounts billed to customers for revenues not yet earned. Such amounts are anticipated to be recorded as revenues when services are performed in subsequent periods.

The table below shows significant movements in the deferred revenue balances during the nine months ended December 31, 2018:

	Contract
	Liabilities
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	7,908
Amounts billed but not yet recognized as revenues		5,310
Revenues recognized related to the opening balance of deferred revenue		(6,761)
Other		(337)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	6,120

Schedule of disaggregation of revenue

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by geography:	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
North America	$	224,143	$	652,076
Europe		65,046		192,175
Rest of World		25,492		75,981
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by Customer’s Industry Groups	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Banking financial services insurance	$	197,329	$	578,138
Communications and Technology		89,159		257,527
Media & Information and Other		28,193		84,567
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by service offerings	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Application outsourcing	$	165,986	$	488,584
Consulting		148,695		431,648
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenue by contract type	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Time-and-materials	$	189,134	$	552,530
Fixed-price*		125,547		367,702
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	920,232

ASU 2014-09

Revenues

Summary of impact of changes in accounting policies after adoption of ASC 606

	As of December 31, 2018
					Impacts of the New
	As reported		Pro-forma Amounts		Revenue standard
Balance Sheet :
Assets
Other current assets (1)	$	26,978	$	26,447	$	531
Total current assets						531
Deferred income taxes (3)		24,220		24,527		(307)
Other long-term assets (1)		22,201		22,244		(43)
Total Assets					$	181
Liabilities, Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, Redeemable noncontrolling interest and Stockholders’ equity
Deferred revenue (2)		6,120		7,051		(931)
Total current liabilities						(931)
Stockholders’ equity:
Retained earnings		243,006		241,894		1,112
Total liabilities, Series A convertible preferred stock, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity					$	181

	Three Months ended						Nine Months ended
	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2018
					Impact from						Impact from
			Pro-forma		New Revenue				Pro-forma		New Revenue
	As reported		Amounts		Standard		As reported		Amounts		Standard
Revenue (2)	$	314,681	$	314,017	$	664	$	920,232	$	919,301	$	931
Costs of revenue (1)		221,461		221,560		(99)		654,288		654,776		(488)
Gross profit		93,220		92,457		763		265,944		264,525		1,419
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses		73,935		73,935		—		218,716		218,716		—
Income from operations		19,285		18,522		763		47,228		45,809		1,419
Other income (expense)		3,912		3,912		-		(22,173)		(22,173)		-
Income before income tax expense		23,197		22,434		763		25,055		23,636		1,419
Income tax expense (3)		10,400		10,264		136		15,863		15,556		307
Net income	$	12,797	$	12,170	$	627	$	9,192		8,080	$	1,112
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax		221		221		—		1,407		1,407		—
Net income available to Virtusa stockholders	$	12,576	$	11,949	$	627	$	7,785		6,673	$	1,112
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion		1,087		1,087		—		3,262		3,262		—
Net income available to Virtusa common stockholders		11,489		10,862		627		4,523		3,411		1,112
Basic earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.38	$	0.36	$	0.02	$	0.15		0.11	$	0.04
Diluted earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders	$	0.37	$	0.35	$	0.02	$	0.15		0.11	$	0.04

Notes

(1) Reflects the impact of a longer period of amortization for costs to fulfill a contract.

(2) Reflects the impact of changes in timing of revenue recognition on our software licenses and certain fixed-price application maintenance contracts.

(3) Reflects the income tax impact of the above items.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Schedule of changes in goodwill

	Amount
Balance at April 1, 2018	$	297,251
Preliminary fair value adjustment		(5,870)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(10,028)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	281,353

Schedule of intangible asset carrying amounts acquired and amortization

The following are details of the Company’s intangible asset carrying amounts acquired and amortization at December 31, 2018.

	Weighted	Gross				Net
	Average	Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	Useful Life	Amount		Amortization		Amount
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer relationships	12.2	$	133,484	$	41,899	$	91,585
Trademark	2.1		3,693		3,111		582
Technology	5.0		500		341		159
	12.0	$	137,677	$	45,351	$	92,326

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Concentration of Revenue and Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Concentration of Revenue and Assets

Schedule of revenue attributed to geographic areas based on location of the client

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Customer revenue:
United States of America	$	213,542	$	162,549	$	623,224	$	453,013
United Kingdom		52,248		49,598		154,813		139,612
Rest of World		48,891		51,662		142,195		146,703
Consolidated revenue	$	314,681	$	263,809	$	920,232	$	739,328

Schedule of long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, attributed to geographic areas based on location of assets

	December 31,		March 31,
	2018		2018
Long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization:
United States of America	$	211,828	$	213,024
India		262,320		276,512
Rest of World		24,448		25,281
Consolidated long-lived assets, net	$	498,596	$	514,817

Schedule of revenue from significant clients as a percentage of Company's consolidated revenue

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Customer 1	18.0	%	20.0	%	17.7	%	19.2	%

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt

Summary of short-term debt balances

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Notes outstanding under the revolving credit facility	$	—	$	—
Term loan- current maturities		12,500		12,500
Less: deferred financing costs, current		(1,093)		(1,093)
Total	$	11,407	$	11,407

Summary of long-term debt balances

	December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Term loan	$	240,625	$	250,000
Borrowings under revolving credit facility		87,000		55,000
Less:
Current maturities		(12,500)		(12,500)
Deferred financing costs, long-term		(3,453)		(4,273)
Total	$	311,672	$	288,227

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Schedule of changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Investment securities
Beginning balance	$	(225)	$	220	$	69	$	57
Other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) before reclassifications net of tax of $0,  $38,  $(52) and $138		(8)		29		(176)		229
Reclassifications from OCI to other income, net of tax of $0,  $(18),  $12 and $(33)		271		(21)		125		(17)
Less : Noncontrolling interests, net of tax $(5),  $(5),  $7 and $(27)		(8)		(10)		12		(51)
Comprehensive income (loss) on investment securities, net of tax of $(5),  $15,  $(33) and $78		255		(2)		(39)		161
Closing balance	$	30	$	218	$	30	$	218
Currency translation adjustments
Beginning balance	$	(57,318)	$	(46,135)	$	(41,207)	$	(50,415)
OCI before reclassifications		(2,477)		4,641		(20,201)		9,068
Less: Noncontrolling interests		(396)		(1,943)		1,217		(2,090)
Comprehensive income (loss) on currency translation adjustments		(2,873)		2,698		(18,984)		6,978
Closing balance	$	(60,191)	$	(43,437)	$	(60,191)	$	(43,437)
Cash flow hedges
Beginning balance	$	(5,179)	$	4,274	$	1,881	$	11,789
OCI before reclassifications net of tax of $1,608,  $1,263,  $(1,582), and $1,671		5,014		3,467		(2,931)		3,421
Reclassifications from OCI to
—Revenue, net of tax of $178,  $(808),  $586 and $(2,714)		332		(1,526)		1,087		(5,132)
—Costs of revenue, net of tax of $214,  $(129),  $303 and $(1,289)		632		(1,303)		884		(4,195)
—Selling, general and administrative expenses, net of tax of $102,  $(53),  $147 and $(719)		303		(697)		431		(2,341)
— Interest expenses, net of tax of $(74),  $(12),  $(188) and $(26)		(214)		(47)		(543)		(67)
Less: Noncontrolling interests, net of tax $(23),  $83,  $17 and $450		(44)		157		35		850
Comprehensive loss on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $2,005,  $344,  $(717) and $(2,627)		6,023		51		(1,037)		(7,464)
Closing balance	$	844	$	4,325	$	844	$	4,325
Benefit plans
Beginning balance	$	(1,511)	$	(1,088)	$	(1,424)	$	(1,180)
OCI before reclassifications net of tax of $0,  $0,  $348 and $0		3		—		(349)		—
Reclassifications from OCI for prior service credit (cost) to:
—Costs of revenue, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		2		—		6
—Selling, general and administrative expenses, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		—		—		1
Other income (expense), net of tax of $0 for all periods		14				42
Reclassifications from net actuarial gain (loss) amortization to:
—Costs of revenue, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		26		—		82
—Selling, general and administrative expenses, net of tax of $0 for all periods		—		12		—		36
Other income (expense), net of tax of $0 for all periods		36		(9)		113		(2)
Other adjustments		20		—		171		—
Less: Noncontrolling interests, net of tax $0 for all periods		—		—		9		—
Comprehensive income (loss) on benefit plans, net of tax of $0,  $0,  $348 and $0		73		31		(14)		123
Closing balance		(1,438)	$	(1,057)		(1,438)	$	(1,057)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(60,755)	$	(39,951)	$	(60,755)	$	(39,951)

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Unaudited Interim Financial Information - ASC Topic 606 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Recent accounting pronouncements
Net increase to opening retained earnings, after tax		$ 464
Assets
Other current assets	$ 21,167		$ 26,978	$ 21,229
Deferred income taxes	31,386		24,220	31,528
Other long-term assets	12,440		22,201	11,772
Stockholders' equity
Retained earnings	238,483		243,006	$ 238,019
ASU 2014-09
Recent accounting pronouncements
Net increase to opening retained earnings, after tax	464
Tax impact on opening retained earnings	142
ASU 2014-09 | Impact from New Revenue Standard, ASC Topic 606
Assets
Other current assets	(62)		531
Deferred income taxes	(142)		(307)
Other long-term assets	668		(43)
Stockholders' equity
Retained earnings	$ 464		$ 1,112

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Unaudited Interim Financial Information - Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net cash provided by investing activities	$ (22,047)	$ 3,790
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(13,530)	4,123
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	15,938	81,932
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	195,236	145,086
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$ 211,174	227,018
ASU 2016-18 | As Reported
Cash flows from investing activities:
Increase in restricted cash		(119)
Net cash provided by investing activities		3,671
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		4,120
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		81,810
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		144,908
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period		226,718
ASU 2016-18 | Effect
Cash flows from investing activities:
Increase in restricted cash		119
Net cash provided by investing activities		119
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		3
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		122
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		178
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period		$ 300

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Earnings (Loss) per Share - Basic earnings (loss) per share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Numerator:
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders	$ 12,576	$ (10,055)	$ 7,785	$ (1,629)
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	1,087	1,087	3,262	2,875
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$ 11,489	$ (11,142)	$ 4,523	$ (4,504)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	29,893,220	29,295,730	29,764,507	29,387,977
Basic earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.38	$ (0.38)	$ 0.15	$ (0.15)

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Earnings (Loss) per Share - Diluted earnings (loss) per share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Numerator:
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$ 11,489	$ (11,142)	$ 4,523	$ (4,504)
Add: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	1,087
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders and assumed conversion	$ 12,576	$ (11,142)	$ 4,523	$ (4,504)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	29,893,220	29,295,730	29,764,507	29,387,977
Dilutive effect of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock if converted	3,000,000
Dilutive effect of employee stock options and unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units (in shares)	768,508		833,607
Weighted average shares-diluted (in shares)	33,661,728	29,295,730	30,598,114	29,387,977
Diluted earnings (loss) per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.37	$ (0.38)	$ 0.15	$ (0.15)

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Earnings (Loss) per Share - Anti-dilutive securities (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Employee stock options and unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units
Anti-dilutive securities
Shares excluded from computation of earnings (loss) per share	20,617	1,366,212	13,745	1,598,783
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Anti-dilutive securities
Shares excluded from computation of earnings (loss) per share	0	3,000,000	3,000,000	2,637,363

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Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018
Total available-for-sale and equity securities
Amortized Cost	$ 43,079		$ 43,079
Gross Unrealized Gains	330		330
Gross Unrealized Losses	(21)		(21)
Other-than temporary impairment recognized in earnings	(885)		(885)
Fair Value	42,503		42,503
Available-for-sale securities (prior guidance)
Amortized Cost					$ 50,050
Gross Unrealized Gains					209
Gross Unrealized Losses					(219)
Fair Value					50,040
Other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized
Unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive loss at beginning	242
Add: unrealized losses recognized	643
Less: Other than temporary impairment recognized in earnings	(885)		(885)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investment securities and the gross gains and losses
Proceeds from sales or maturities of available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities	27,633	$ 57,391	88,204	$ 120,220
Gross gains	253	241	639	916
Gross losses		(36)	(32)	(127)
Net realized gains on sales of available-for-sale investment securities and equity securities	253	$ 205	607	$ 789
Corporate bonds | Current
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	8,800		8,800
Gross Unrealized Losses	(21)		(21)
Fair Value	8,779		8,779
Available-for-sale securities (prior guidance)
Amortized Cost					25,397
Gross Unrealized Losses					(126)
Fair Value					25,271
Corporate bonds | Noncurrent
Available-for-sale securities (prior guidance)
Amortized Cost					2,293
Gross Unrealized Losses					(22)
Fair Value					2,271
Preference shares | Noncurrent
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	1,599		1,599
Other-than temporary impairment recognized in earnings			(885)
Fair Value	714		714
Available-for-sale securities (prior guidance)
Amortized Cost					1,726
Gross Unrealized Losses					(70)
Fair Value					1,656
Agency and short-term notes | Current
Available-for-sale securities (prior guidance)
Amortized Cost					800
Gross Unrealized Losses					(1)
Fair Value					799
Time Deposits | Current
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	18,109		18,109
Fair Value	18,109		18,109
Available-for-sale securities (prior guidance)
Amortized Cost					18,279
Fair Value					18,279
Mutual funds | Current
Equity securities
Amortized Cost	14,564		14,564
Gross Unrealized Gains	189		189
Fair Value	14,753		14,753
Available-for-sale securities (prior guidance)
Amortized Cost					1,540
Gross Unrealized Gains					11
Fair Value					1,551
Equity Shares/ Options | Noncurrent
Equity securities
Amortized Cost	7		7
Gross Unrealized Gains	141		141
Fair Value	$ 148		$ 148
Available-for-sale securities (prior guidance)
Amortized Cost					15
Gross Unrealized Gains					198
Fair Value					$ 213

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (Details) - Fair Value Measurements Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Investments:
Available-for-sales securities - current	$ 26,888
Equity securities - current	14,753
Available-for-sales securities - non-current	714
Equity securities - non-current	148
Available-for-sales securities—current (prior guidance)		$ 45,900
Available-for-sales securities—non-current (prior guidance)		4,140
Derivative financial instruments:
Foreign currency derivative contracts	3,774	2,122
Interest Rate Swap Contracts	1,779	2,486
Total assets	48,056	54,648
Liabilities:
Foreign currency derivative contracts	1,439	1,023
Interest Rate Swap Contracts	2,333
Contingent consideration		100
Total liabilities	3,772	1,123
Fair Value Inputs Level2
Investments:
Available-for-sales securities - current	26,888
Equity securities - current	14,753
Available-for-sales securities - non-current	714
Equity securities - non-current	148
Available-for-sales securities—current (prior guidance)		45,900
Available-for-sales securities—non-current (prior guidance)		4,140
Derivative financial instruments:
Foreign currency derivative contracts	3,774	2,122
Interest Rate Swap Contracts	1,779	2,486
Total assets	48,056	54,648
Liabilities:
Foreign currency derivative contracts	1,439	1,023
Interest Rate Swap Contracts	2,333
Total liabilities	$ 3,772	1,023
Fair Value Inputs Level3
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration		100
Total liabilities		$ 100

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Foreign Currency Derivatives (Details) - Foreign currency exchange contracts - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional value of outstanding contracts	$ 158,881	$ 140,347
Unrealized net gains related to derivative instruments expected to be reclassified from AOCI into earnings during the next 12 months	$ 1,548
Maximum [Member]
Derivative Financial Instruments
Outstanding term of derivative instruments	18 months

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Interest rate swaps (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Interest rate swaps
Interest rate cash flow hedges
Notional value of outstanding contracts	$ 163,812
Outstanding term of derivative instruments	4 years
2016 interest rate swaps | 1-month LIBOR
Interest rate cash flow hedges
Blended weighted average rate	1.025%
2018 interest rate swaps
Interest rate cash flow hedges
fixed interest rate	2.85%
Percentage of coverage target retain	50.00%
2018 interest rate swaps | LIBOR
Interest rate cash flow hedges
Percentage of coverage on debt	50.00%

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Fair Value (Details) - Designated As Hedging Instrument - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Foreign currency exchange and interest rate swap contracts
Other current assets	$ 2,987	$ 2,109
Other long-term assets	787	13
Accrued expenses and other	1,439	1,023
Interest rate swaps
Foreign currency exchange and interest rate swap contracts
Other long-term assets	1,779	$ 2,486
Long-term liabilities	$ 2,333

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Effect of foreign currency exchange and interest rate swap contracts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Designated As Hedging Instrument | Cash flow hedges | Revenue
Derivative Financial Instruments
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (loss)	$ (510)	$ 2,334	$ (1,673)	$ 7,846
Designated As Hedging Instrument | Cash flow hedges | Cost of revenue.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (loss)	(846)	1,432	(1,187)	5,484
Designated As Hedging Instrument | Cash flow hedges | Operating Expense
Derivative Financial Instruments
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (loss)	(405)	750	(578)	3,060
Designated As Hedging Instrument | Cash flow hedges | Interest expenses
Derivative Financial Instruments
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (loss)	288	59	731	93
Designated As Hedging Instrument | Cash flow hedges | Foreign currency exchange contracts
Derivative Financial Instruments
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives	9,398	4,211	(2,203)	4,811
Designated As Hedging Instrument | Cash flow hedges | Interest rate swaps
Derivative Financial Instruments
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives	(2,776)	518	(2,310)	281
Nondesignated | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Revenue
Derivative Financial Instruments
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income (loss) on Derivatives	1,131	216	2,237	(120)
Nondesignated | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Cost of revenue.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income (loss) on Derivatives	(784)	(177)	(1,537)	55
Nondesignated | Foreign currency exchange contracts | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Derivative Financial Instruments
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income (loss) on Derivatives	$ (75)	$ (94)	$ (93)	$ (41)

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Acquisitions - eTouch - Transaction details (Details) $ in Thousands				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 12, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 12, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 12, 2018 USD ($) tranche	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Acquisitions
Increase (reduction) in goodwill related to fair value assessment				$ (5,870)
Tax liability payable
Acquisitions
Increase (reduction) in goodwill related to fair value assessment				1,104
Customer relationships and trademark
Acquisitions
Increase (reduction) in goodwill related to fair value assessment				(7,100)
Other adjustments
Acquisitions
Increase (reduction) in goodwill related to fair value assessment				$ 126
eTouch
Acquisitions
Cash purchase price			$ 140,000
Maximum additional amount set aside for retention bonuses			$ 15,000
Number of tranches for payment of purchase price | tranche			3
Cash payments for acquisition			$ 80,000
Consideration paid at closing, from cash on hand			10,000
eTouch | Scenario Forecast
Acquisitions
Cash payments for acquisition	$ 17,500	$ 42,500
eTouch | Term loan and delayed-draw term loan | Credit Agreement | JPM
Acquisitions
Consideration paid at closing, from cash proceeds under credit agreement			70,000
eTouch US
Acquisitions
Cash payments for acquisition			66,000
eTouch India
Acquisitions
Cash payments for acquisition			$ 14,000

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Acquisitions - eTouch - Purchase price allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	Mar. 12, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Assets and Liabilities:
Goodwill		$ 281,353	$ 297,251
Weighted Average Useful Life		12 years
Trademarks
Assets and Liabilities:
Weighted Average Useful Life		2 years 1 month 6 days
Customer relationships
Assets and Liabilities:
Weighted Average Useful Life		12 years 2 months 12 days
eTouch
Consideration Transferred:
Cash paid at closing	$ 80,000
Fair value of the future payments	57,858
Tax related liability	10,417
Fair value of consideration	148,275
Less: Cash acquired	2,241
Total purchase price, net of cash acquired	146,034
Assets and Liabilities:
Cash and cash equivalents	2,241
Accounts receivable	15,522
Unbilled receivables	2,986
Prepaid expenses	815
Other current assets	375
Property and equipment	2,798
Other long-term assets	98
Goodwill	79,747
Accounts payable	(3,267)
Deferred revenue	(852)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(721)
Accrued employee compensation and benefits	(4,197)
Income taxes payable	(250)
Deferred income taxes	(368)
Other long-term liabilities	(552)
Total purchase price	148,275
eTouch | Trademarks
Assets and Liabilities:
Intangible assets	$ 900
Weighted Average Useful Life	2 years
eTouch | Customer relationships
Assets and Liabilities:
Intangible assets	$ 53,000
eTouch | Customer relationships | Minimum [Member]
Assets and Liabilities:
Weighted Average Useful Life	10 years
eTouch | Customer relationships | Maximum [Member]
Assets and Liabilities:
Weighted Average Useful Life	15 years

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Revenues - Capitalized costs (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Capitalized costs to fulfill
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 4,278
Costs capitalized	2,155
Amortization expense	(1,656)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(174)
Balance at the end of the period	$ 4,603

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Revenues - Impacts of changes in accounting policies after adoption of ASC 606 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Apr. 01, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Assets
Other current assets	$ 26,978		$ 26,978		$ 21,167	$ 21,229
Total current assets	566,711		566,711			549,335
Deferred income taxes	24,220		24,220		31,386	31,528
Other long-term assets	22,201		22,201		12,440	11,772
Total assets	1,114,045		1,114,045			1,113,180
Liabilities, Series A convertible preferred stock, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity
Deferred revenue	6,120		6,120			7,908
Total current liabilities	240,836		240,836			216,700
Stockholders' equity:
Retained earnings	243,006		243,006		238,483	238,019
Total liabilities, Series A convertible preferred stock, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity	1,114,045		1,114,045			$ 1,113,180
Consolidated Statements of Income
Revenue	314,681		920,232
Costs of revenue	221,461	$ 183,420	654,288	$ 528,103
Gross profit	93,220	80,389	265,944	211,225
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	73,935	66,726	218,716	181,213
Income from operations	19,285	13,663	47,228	30,012
Other income (expense)	3,912	2,843	(22,173)	1,031
Income before income tax expense	23,197	16,506	25,055	31,043
Income tax expense	10,400	24,427	15,863	26,725
Net income (loss)	12,797	(7,921)	9,192	4,318
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax	221	2,134	1,407	5,947
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders	12,576	(10,055)	7,785	(1,629)
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	1,087	1,087	3,262	2,875
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$ 11,489	$ (11,142)	$ 4,523	$ (4,504)
Basic earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.38	$ (0.38)	$ 0.15	$ (0.15)
Diluted earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.37	$ (0.38)	$ 0.15	$ (0.15)
Pro-forma Amounts | ASU 2014-09
Assets
Other current assets	$ 26,447		$ 26,447
Deferred income taxes	24,527		24,527
Other long-term assets	22,244		22,244
Liabilities, Series A convertible preferred stock, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity
Deferred revenue	7,051		7,051
Stockholders' equity:
Retained earnings	241,894		241,894
Consolidated Statements of Income
Revenue	314,017		919,301
Costs of revenue	221,560		654,776
Gross profit	92,457		264,525
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	73,935		218,716
Income from operations	18,522		45,809
Other income (expense)	3,912		(22,173)
Income before income tax expense	22,434		23,636
Income tax expense	10,264		15,556
Net income (loss)	12,170		8,080
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax	221		1,407
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders	11,949		6,673
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion	1,087		3,262
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$ 10,862		$ 3,411
Basic earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.36		$ 0.11
Diluted earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.35		$ 0.11
Impact from New Revenue Standard, ASC Topic 606 | ASU 2014-09
Assets
Other current assets	$ 531		$ 531		(62)
Total current assets	531		531
Deferred income taxes	(307)		(307)		(142)
Other long-term assets	(43)		(43)		668
Total assets	181		181
Liabilities, Series A convertible preferred stock, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity
Deferred revenue	(931)		(931)
Total current liabilities	(931)		(931)
Stockholders' equity:
Retained earnings	1,112		1,112		$ 464
Total liabilities, Series A convertible preferred stock, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity	181		181
Consolidated Statements of Income
Revenue	664		931
Costs of revenue	(99)		(488)
Gross profit	763		1,419
Operating expenses:
Income from operations	763		1,419
Income before income tax expense	763		1,419
Income tax expense	136		307
Net income (loss)	627		1,112
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders	627		1,112
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders	$ 627		$ 1,112
Basic earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.02		$ 0.04
Diluted earnings per share available to Virtusa common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.02		$ 0.04

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Revenues - Receivable and Contract Balances (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Significant movements in contract assets
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 15,998
Revenues recognized during the period but not yet billed	92,564
Amounts billed	(95,457)
Other	(507)
Balance at the end of the period	12,598
Significant movements in deferred revenue balances
Balance at the beginning of the period	7,908
Amounts billed but not yet recognized as revenues	5,310
Revenues recognized related to the opening balance of deferred revenue	(6,761)
Other	(337)
Balance at the end of the period	6,120
Aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations	$ 50,363

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Revenues - Remaining performance obligation (Details)	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2018-12-31
Remaining performance obligation, expected period of recognition	4 years

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Revenues - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue
Consolidated revenue	$ 314,681	$ 920,232
Time-and-materials
Disaggregation of Revenue
Consolidated revenue	189,134	552,530
Fixed-price
Disaggregation of Revenue
Consolidated revenue	125,547	367,702
Application outsourcing
Disaggregation of Revenue
Consolidated revenue	165,986	488,584
Consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue
Consolidated revenue	148,695	431,648
Banking financial services insurance
Disaggregation of Revenue
Consolidated revenue	197,329	578,138
Communications and Technology
Disaggregation of Revenue
Consolidated revenue	89,159	257,527
Media & Information and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Consolidated revenue	28,193	84,567
North America
Disaggregation of Revenue
Consolidated revenue	224,143	652,076
Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue
Consolidated revenue	65,046	192,175
Rest Of World
Disaggregation of Revenue
Consolidated revenue	$ 25,492	$ 75,981

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Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	May 03, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Cash dividends paid		$ 3,138	$ 2,081
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Direct and incremental expenses incurred	$ 1,154
Declared and accrued dividends		686
Cash dividends paid		$ 3,138	$ 2,081
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | After May 3, 2024
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Increase in preference dividend rate, per annum upon failure to repurchase (as a percent)		1.00%
Additional increase in preference dividend rate, per annum on each anniversary of the date that the Company is required to effect such repurchase (as a percent)		1.00%
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | After May 3, 2024 | Maximum [Member]
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Dividend rate (as a percent)		6.875%
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | Orogen
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Sale of convertible preferred stock (in shares)	108,000
Shares issuable upon conversion (in shares)	3,000,000
Aggregate purchase price	$ 108,000
Conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 36.00
Dividend rate (as a percent)	3.875%

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) segment
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Number of operating segments | segment	1
Changes in goodwill
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 297,251
Preliminary fair value adjustment	(5,870)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(10,028)
Balance at the end of the period	281,353
Acquisition costs and goodwill deductible for tax purposes	147,216
Acquisition costs and goodwill not deductible for tax purposes	$ 147,041

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Intangible Assets
Weighted Average Useful Life	12 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 137,677
Accumulated Amortization	45,351
Net Carrying Amount	$ 92,326	$ 96,001
Customer relationships
Intangible Assets
Weighted Average Useful Life	12 years 2 months 12 days
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 133,484
Accumulated Amortization	41,899
Net Carrying Amount	$ 91,585
Trademarks
Intangible Assets
Weighted Average Useful Life	2 years 1 month 6 days
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 3,693
Accumulated Amortization	3,111
Net Carrying Amount	$ 582
Technology
Intangible Assets
Weighted Average Useful Life	5 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 500
Accumulated Amortization	341
Net Carrying Amount	$ 159

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Income Taxes - Tax Act (Details) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2018	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) installment
Income Taxes
Effective tax (benefit) rate (as a percent)			44.80%	148.00%	63.30%	86.10%
Deferred tax charge for disregarded entity election					$ 6,288
Statutory tax rate (as a percent)	21.00%
Effect of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Provisional charge for deemed repatriation of unremitted earnings							$ 17,834
Provisional charge for remeasurement of deferred tax assets							$ 4,890
Number of installments to pay deemed repatriation tax on unremitted earnings | installment							8
Payment for deemed repatriation		$ 1,427
Reduction in income tax expense			$ (1,628)
Total impact from the Tax Act			21,096
Deemed repatriation included in income taxes payable			1,139		1,139
Deemed repatriation included in long-term liabilities			13,640		13,640
Deemed repatriation liability			14,779		14,779
United States of America
Effect of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Deferred tax asset			19,573		19,573
United Kingdom
Effect of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Deferred tax asset			$ 1,726		$ 1,726

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Income Taxes - Income tax holiday (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 a
Indian Operations In Special Economic Zone | Hyderabad, India
Income Taxes
Parcel of land (in acres)	6.3
Consecutive period of income tax exemption	10 years
Income tax benefits total eligibility period	15 years
Virtusa Private Limited | L [K]
Income Taxes
Income tax exemption period	12 years

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Income Taxes - Unrecognized tax benefits and other (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018
Income Taxes
Total liability for unrecognized tax benefits	$ 7,013		$ 7,544
Decrease in unrecognized tax benefits	531	$ 107
Cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments available for distribution if not indefinitely reinvested	$ 188,183

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Concentration of Revenue and Assets - Geographic concentration (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018
Concentration of Revenue and Assets
Revenue	$ 314,681	$ 263,809	$ 920,232	$ 739,328
Long-lived assets, net	498,596		498,596		$ 514,817
United States of America
Concentration of Revenue and Assets
Revenue	213,542	162,549	623,224	453,013
Long-lived assets, net	211,828		211,828		213,024
United Kingdom
Concentration of Revenue and Assets
Revenue	52,248	49,598	154,813	139,612
India
Concentration of Revenue and Assets
Long-lived assets, net	262,320		262,320		276,512
Rest Of World
Concentration of Revenue and Assets
Revenue	48,891	$ 51,662	142,195	$ 146,703
Long-lived assets, net	$ 24,448		$ 24,448		$ 25,281

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Concentration of Revenue and Assets - Revenue percentage (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue Net [Member] | Customer One [Member]
Concentration of Revenue and Assets
Revenue from significant clients as a percentage of consolidated revenue	18.00%	20.00%	17.70%	19.20%

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Debt - Credit Agreement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			9 Months Ended
	Aug. 14, 2018	Feb. 06, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Feb. 05, 2018
Debt
Amount drawn down on credit facility			$ 32,000	$ 25,000
Credit Agreement | JPM
Debt
Term of credit facility		5 years
Credit Agreement | JPM | Revolving credit facility
Debt
Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit agreement			$ 200,000
Amount drawn down on credit facility	$ 32,000
Interest rate (as a percent)			4.95%
Credit Agreement | JPM | Term loan and delayed-draw term loan
Debt
Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit agreement			$ 250,000
Required principal payments per quarter			$ 3,125
Frequency of required principal payments			quarterly
Interest rate (as a percent)			5.03%
Prior Credit Agreement | JPM
Debt
Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit agreement					$ 300,000

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Debt - Current portion of long-term debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Current portion of long-term debt
Total	$ 11,407	$ 11,407
JPM
Current portion of long-term debt
Term loan - current maturities	12,500	12,500
Less: deferred financing costs, current	(1,093)	(1,093)
Total	$ 11,407	$ 11,407

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Debt - Long-term debt, less current portion (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Less:
Total	$ 311,672	$ 288,227
JPM
Less:
Current maturities	(12,500)	(12,500)
Deferred financing costs, long-term	(3,453)	(4,273)
Total	311,672	288,227
Term loan and delayed-draw term loan | JPM
Long-term debt, less current portion
Term loan and borrowings under revolving credit facility	240,625	250,000
Revolving credit facility | JPM
Long-term debt, less current portion
Term loan and borrowings under revolving credit facility	$ 87,000	$ 55,000

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Debt - Sale of accounts receivable (Details) - U.K. Subsidiary $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Debt
Receivables sold under the terms of the financing agreement	$ 18,453
Amounts due related to a financing agreement to sell certain accounts receivable balances	$ 0

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Redeemable noncontrolling interest (Details) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 01, 2018 ₨ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) shares
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
Aggregate purchase price of shares of delisted entity		$ 30,387
Virtusa India Private Limited | Polaris
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
Shares held by noncontrolling interest shareholders of delisted entity (as a percent)		3.34%
Virtusa India Private Limited | Polaris
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
Period for public shareholders to tender shares after delisting	1 year
Exit price in delisting of subsidiary (in INR per share) | ₨ / shares	₨ 480
Number of shares purchased from stockholders of delisted subsidiary | shares		4,436,342
Shares purchased from stockholders of delisted subsidiary (as a percent)		4.30%
Aggregate purchase price of shares of delisted entity		$ 30,387
Number of shares held by noncontrolling interest shareholders of delisted entity | shares		3,450,896
Fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest		$ 24,924
Stock options reclassified to current liabilities for deemed cash settlement resulting from the delisting offer		$ 857

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance	$ 359,431	$ 573,394	$ 436,083	$ 585,016
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Other income	444	(492)	(998)	(1,376)
Revenue	(314,681)	(263,809)	(920,232)	(739,328)
Costs of revenue	221,461	183,420	654,288	528,103
Selling, general and administrative expenses	73,935	66,726	218,716	181,213
Interest expense	4,597	1,305	13,365	4,376
Other income (expense), net of tax	(3,912)	(2,843)	22,173	(1,031)
Balance	380,814	578,828	380,814	578,828
Investment securities, including noncontrolling interests
Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
OCI before reclassifications net of tax	(8)	29	(176)	229
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
OCI before reclassifications, Tax	0	38	(52)	138
Investment securities, including noncontrolling interests | Other income (expense)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Reclassifications from OCI, Tax	0	(18)	12	(33)
Investment securities, including noncontrolling interests | Reclassification Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Other income	271	(21)	125	(17)
Investment securities, noncontrolling interests
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Less : Noncontrolling interests, net of tax	(8)	(10)	12	(51)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Noncontrolling interests, Tax	(5)	(5)	7	(27)
Accumulated Net Unrealized Investment Gain Loss [Member]
Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance	(225)	220	69	57
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Comprehensive income (loss)	255	(2)	(39)	161
Balance	30	218	30	218
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Comprehensive income (loss), Tax	(5)	15	(33)	78
Currency Translation Adjustments, including noncontrolling interests
Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
OCI before reclassifications net of tax	(2,477)	4,641	(20,201)	9,068
Foreign currency translation noncontrolling interests
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Less : Noncontrolling interests, net of tax	(396)	(1,943)	1,217	(2,090)
Accumulated Translation Adjustment [Member]
Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance	(57,318)	(46,135)	(41,207)	(50,415)
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Comprehensive income (loss)	(2,873)	2,698	(18,984)	6,978
Balance	(60,191)	(43,437)	(60,191)	(43,437)
Cash Flow Hedges, including noncontrolling interests
Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
OCI before reclassifications net of tax	5,014	3,467	(2,931)	3,421
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
OCI before reclassifications, Tax	1,608	1,263	(1,582)	1,671
Cash Flow Hedges, including noncontrolling interests | Revenue
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Reclassifications from OCI, Tax	178	(808)	586	(2,714)
Cash Flow Hedges, including noncontrolling interests | Cost of revenue.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Reclassifications from OCI, Tax	214	(129)	303	(1,289)
Cash Flow Hedges, including noncontrolling interests | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Reclassifications from OCI, Tax	102	(53)	147	(719)
Cash Flow Hedges, including noncontrolling interests | Interest expenses
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Reclassifications from OCI, Tax	(74)	(12)	(188)	(26)
Cash Flow Hedges, including noncontrolling interests | Reclassification Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Revenue	332	(1,526)	1,087	(5,132)
Costs of revenue	632	(1,303)	884	(4,195)
Selling, general and administrative expenses	303	(697)	431	(2,341)
Interest expense	(214)	(47)	(543)	(67)
Cash Flow Hedges, noncontrolling interests
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Less : Noncontrolling interests, net of tax	(44)	157	35	850
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Noncontrolling interests, Tax	(23)	83	17	450
Accumulated Net Gain Loss From Designated Or Qualifying Cash Flow Hedges
Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance	(5,179)	4,274	1,881	11,789
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Comprehensive income (loss)	6,023	51	(1,037)	(7,464)
Balance	844	4,325	844	4,325
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Comprehensive income (loss), Tax	2,005	344	(717)	(2,627)
Benefit plans, including noncontrolling interests
Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
OCI before reclassifications net of tax	3		(349)
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Other adjustments	20		171
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
OCI before reclassifications, Tax	0	0	348	0
Benefit plans, prior service credit (cost), including noncontrolling interests | Cost of revenue.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Reclassifications from OCI, Tax	0	0	0	0
Benefit plans, prior service credit (cost), including noncontrolling interests | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Reclassifications from OCI, Tax	0	0	0	0
Benefit plans, prior service credit (cost), including noncontrolling interests | Other income (expense)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Reclassifications from OCI, Tax	0	0	0	0
Benefit plans, prior service credit (cost), including noncontrolling interests | Reclassification Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Costs of revenue		2		6
Selling, general and administrative expenses				1
Other income (expense), net of tax	14		42
Benefit plans, net actuarial gain (loss), including noncontrolling interest | Cost of revenue.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Reclassifications from OCI, Tax	0	0	0	0
Benefit plans, net actuarial gain (loss), including noncontrolling interest | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Reclassifications from OCI, Tax	0	0	0	0
Benefit plans, net actuarial gain (loss), including noncontrolling interest | Other income (expense)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Reclassifications from OCI, Tax	0	0	0	0
Benefit plans, net actuarial gain (loss), including noncontrolling interest | Reclassification Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Costs of revenue		26		82
Selling, general and administrative expenses		12		36
Other income (expense), net of tax	36	(9)	113	(2)
Benefit plans, noncontrolling interests
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Less : Noncontrolling interests, net of tax			9
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Noncontrolling interests, Tax	0	0	0	0
Accumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment [Member]
Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance	(1,511)	(1,088)	(1,424)	(1,180)
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Comprehensive income (loss)	73	31	(14)	123
Balance	(1,438)	(1,057)	(1,438)	(1,057)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax
Comprehensive income (loss), Tax	0	0	348	0
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance	(64,233)	(42,728)	(40,681)	(39,749)
Reclassifications from OCI to:
Balance	$ (60,755)	$ (39,951)	$ (60,755)	$ (39,951)