Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Weighted-Average Common Stock Equivalents Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share as They Had Anti-Dilutive Effect (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Employee Stock Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Weighted-average common stock equivalents excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	1,561,707	1,042,877
Vaccinex Products, LP Units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Weighted-average common stock equivalents excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share		557,029
VX3
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Weighted-average common stock equivalents excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share		612,876