10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

xQuarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

OR

o Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File No. 0-50167

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Incorporated under the Laws of Ohio	03-0483872
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2201 4th Avenue North, Birmingham, Alabama 35203

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(205) 870-4000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes x   No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x   No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	o  (Do not check if smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨
Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of October 31, 2017, there were 10,926,700 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Statements of Earnings	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	39
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	39
Item 1A	Risk Factors	39
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40
Item 6	Exhibits	40
	Signature	41

2

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1

Financial Statements

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three months ended							Nine months ended
	September 30,							September 30,
	2017			2016		% Change		2017			2016			% Change
Revenues:
Earned premium	$	344,964		$	342,171	0.8	%	$	1,025,480		$	1,019,070		0.6	%
Installment and other fee income	26,022			26,297		(1.0	)%	79,432			77,200			2.9	%
Net investment income	9,771			8,125		20.3	%	27,467			25,115			9.4	%
Net realized (losses) gains on investments (1)	(431		)	1,282		(133.6	)%	1,964			1,257			56.2	%
Other income	376			249		50.7	%	1,041			727			43.2	%
Total revenues	380,701			378,124		0.7	%	1,135,385			1,123,370			1.1	%
Costs and Expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	263,186			280,866		(6.3	)%	807,482			809,664			(0.3	)%
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	89,321			88,412		1.0	%	265,501			266,183			(0.3	)%
Interest expense	3,510			3,507		0.1	%	10,533			10,524			0.1	%
Corporate general and administrative expenses	2,158			1,768		22.0	%	6,876			5,532			24.3	%
Other expenses	844			375		125.1	%	1,673			1,455			15.0	%
Total costs and expenses	359,019			374,929		(4.2	)%	1,092,065			1,093,358			(0.1	)%
Earnings before income taxes	21,683			3,196		578.5	%	43,320			30,012			44.3	%
Provision for income taxes	6,704			442		NM		12,649			8,536			48.2	%
Net Earnings	$	14,978		$	2,753	444.0	%	$	30,671		$	21,476		42.8	%
Net Earnings per Common Share:
Basic	$	1.36		$	0.25	444.0	%	$	2.79		$	1.95		43.1	%
Diluted	1.35			0.25		440.0	%	2.76			1.93			43.0	%
Average Number of Common Shares:
Basic	10,993			11,018		(0.2	)%	11,004			11,022			(0.2	)%
Diluted	11,062			11,084		(0.2	)%	11,095			11,105			(0.1	)%
Cash Dividends per Common Share	$	0.58		$	0.52	11.5	%	$	1.74		$	1.56		11.5	%
(1) Net realized (losses) gains on sales	$	(410	)	$	1,282	(132.0	)%	$	1,996		$	1,573		26.9	%
Total other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) losses	(57		)	0		NM		(102		)	(316		)	(67.6	)%
Non-credit portion in other comprehensive income	35			0		NM		71			0			NM
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings	(22		)	0		NM		(31		)	(316		)	(90.0	)%
Total net realized (losses) gains on investments	$	(431	)	$	1,282	(133.6	)%	$	1,964		$	1,257		56.2	%
NM = Not Meaningful

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

($ in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net earnings	$	14,978		$	2,753		$	30,671		$	21,476
Other comprehensive income before tax:
Net change in post-retirement benefit liability	(13		)	(11		)	(38		)	(32		)
Unrealized gains on investments:
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period	6,310			4,702			26,030			30,989
Less: Reclassification adjustments for losses (gains) included in net earnings	431			(1,282		)	(1,964		)	(1,257		)
Unrealized gains on investments, net	6,742			3,420			24,066			29,731
Other comprehensive income, before tax	6,729			3,409			24,028			29,699
Income tax expense related to components of other comprehensive income	(2,355		)	(1,193		)	(8,410		)	(10,395		)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	4,374			2,216			15,618			19,304
Comprehensive income	$	19,352		$	4,969		$	46,289		$	40,780

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share amounts in line descriptions)

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
	(unaudited)
Assets
Investments:
Fixed maturities – at fair value (amortized cost $1,439,204 and $1,392,660)	$	1,448,709		$	1,390,167
Equity securities – at fair value (cost $74,347 and $77,013)	100,042			90,640
Short-term investments – at fair value (amortized cost $2,574 and $2,909)	2,572			2,907
Total investments	1,551,323			1,483,714
Cash and cash equivalents	102,356			92,800
Accrued investment income	12,411			12,485
Agents’ balances and premium receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $13,884 and $14,207	509,210			495,157
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $81,411 and $70,559	84,485			96,166
Prepaid reinsurance premium	2,976			3,410
Recoverables from reinsurers (includes $3,288 and $121 on paid losses and LAE)	36,368			17,251
Deferred policy acquisition costs	91,418			91,136
Current and deferred income taxes	20,050			21,635
Receivable for securities sold	2,025			795
Other assets	19,968			12,777
Goodwill	75,275			75,275
Total assets	$	2,507,866		$	2,402,601
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	729,280		$	685,455
Unearned premium	637,506			614,347
Long-term debt (fair value $292,782 and $278,726)	273,753			273,591
Commissions payable	15,035			16,176
Payable for securities purchased	10,167			13,922
Other liabilities	123,513			99,924
Total liabilities	1,789,254			1,703,414
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 9)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, no par value (50,000,000 shares authorized; 21,852,037 and 21,809,954 shares issued)	21,868			21,829
Additional paid-in capital	381,928			378,745
Retained earnings	789,175			777,695
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	23,526			7,907
Treasury stock, at cost (10,883,839 and 10,766,211 shares)	(497,885		)	(486,990		)
Total shareholders’ equity	718,612			699,187
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,507,866		$	2,402,601

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

($ in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax			Treasury Stock			Total
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	21,794	$	376,025	$	757,604		$	7,811		$	(475,638	)	$	687,595
Net earnings	—		—		21,476			—			—			21,476
Net change in post-retirement benefit liability	—		—		—			(21		)	—			(21		)
Change in unrealized gain on investments	—		—		—			19,109			—			19,109
Change in non-credit component of impairment losses on fixed maturities	—		—		—			216			—			216
Comprehensive income														40,780
Dividends paid to common shareholders	—		—		(17,249		)	—			—			(17,249		)
Shares issued and share-based compensation expense, including tax benefit	22		1,731		—			—			—			1,753
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—			—			(10,079		)	(10,079		)
Balance at September 30, 2016	$	21,816	$	377,757	$	761,831		$	27,115		$	(485,717	)	$	702,801
Net earnings	—		—		21,609			—			—			21,609
Net change in post-retirement benefit liability	—		—		—			78			—			78
Change in unrealized gain on investments	—		—		—			(19,347		)	—			(19,347		)
Change in non-credit component of impairment losses on fixed maturities	—		—		—			61			—			61
Comprehensive income														2,401
Dividends paid to common shareholders	—		—		(5,744		)	—			—			(5,744		)
Shares issued and share-based compensation expense, including tax benefit	13		989		—			—			—			1,002
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—			—			(1,273		)	(1,273		)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	21,829	$	378,745	$	777,695		$	7,907		$	(486,990	)	$	699,187
Net earnings	—		—		30,671			—			—			30,671
Net change in post-retirement benefit liability	—		—		—			(24		)	—			(24		)
Change in unrealized gain on investments	—		—		—			15,539			—			15,539
Change in non-credit component of impairment losses on fixed maturities	—		—		—			103			—			103
Comprehensive income														46,289
Dividends paid to common shareholders	—		—		(19,191		)	—			—			(19,191		)
Shares issued and share-based compensation expense	39		3,183		—			—			—			3,222
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—			—			(10,895		)	(10,895		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	21,868	$	381,928	$	789,175		$	23,526		$	(497,885	)	$	718,612

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

($ in thousands, unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Operating Activities:
Net earnings	$	14,978		$	2,753
Adjustments:
Depreciation	4,008			3,930
Amortization	5,436			5,643
Net realized losses (gains) on investments	431			(1,282		)
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	1			143
Share-based compensation expense	390			1,060
Activity related to rabbi trust	55			46
Change in accrued investment income	1,060			482
Change in agents’ balances and premium receivable	(11,155		)	(15,356		)
Change in reinsurance receivables	(18,295		)	465
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs	(1,016		)	(1,627		)
Change in other assets	295			(2,363		)
Change in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	28,182			10,316
Change in unearned premium	14,040			14,911
Change in other liabilities	12,068			(3,179		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	50,479			15,943
Investing Activities:
Purchases of fixed maturities	(136,834		)	(117,638		)
Purchases of short-term investments	(2,594		)	(3,110		)
Purchases of property and equipment	(987		)	(253		)
Maturities and redemptions of fixed maturities	73,361			39,703
Maturities and redemptions of short-term investments	425			1,300
Proceeds from sale of fixed maturities	44,201			62,429
Proceeds from sale of equity securities	0			2,000
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments	0			3,592
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	1			0
Net cash used in investing activities	(22,428		)	(11,977		)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from stock options exercised and employee stock purchases	66			60
Principal payments under capital lease obligations	(135		)	(131		)
Acquisition of treasury stock	(6,857		)	(543		)
Dividends paid to shareholders	(6,378		)	(5,751		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(13,303		)	(6,366		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	14,748			(2,400		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	87,608			76,016
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	102,356		$	73,616

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

($ in thousands, unaudited)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Operating Activities:
Net earnings	$	30,671		$	21,476
Adjustments:
Depreciation	12,304			10,451
Amortization	16,459			16,482
Net realized gains on investments	(1,964		)	(1,257		)
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment	(7		)	544
Share-based compensation expense	3,012			1,411
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements	0			157
Activity related to rabbi trust	183			112
Change in accrued investment income	74			992
Change in agents’ balances and premium receivable	(14,053		)	(40,372		)
Change in reinsurance receivables	(18,684		)	(1,602		)
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs	(283		)	(4,292		)
Change in other assets	(12,925		)	940
Change in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	43,825			6,562
Change in unearned premium	23,158			43,657
Change in other liabilities	22,388			(6,924		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	104,159			48,339
Investing Activities:
Purchases of fixed maturities	(412,675		)	(379,135		)
Purchases of equity securities	(1,900		)	0
Purchases of short-term investments	(3,019		)	(8,250		)
Purchases of property and equipment	(2,571		)	(15,648		)
Maturities and redemptions of fixed maturities	181,839			115,848
Maturities and redemptions of short-term investments	925			1,300
Proceeds from sale of fixed maturities	163,359			265,544
Proceeds from sale of equity securities	7,002			2,000
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments	2,400			9,258
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	26			2
Net cash used in investing activities	(64,614		)	(9,081		)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from stock options exercised and employee stock purchases	210			185
Principal payments under capital lease obligations	(403		)	(380		)
Acquisition of treasury stock	(10,603		)	(10,681		)
Dividends paid to shareholders	(19,191		)	(17,249		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(29,988		)	(28,125		)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	9,556			11,133
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	92,800			62,483
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	102,356		$	73,616

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

8

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2017

INDEX TO NOTES

1.	Significant Reporting and Accounting Policies	7.	Additional Information
2.	Computation of Net Earnings Per Share	8.	Insurance Reserves
3.	Fair Value	9.	Commitments and Contingencies
4.	Investments	10.	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
5.	Long-Term Debt	11.	Segment Information
6.	Income Taxes

Note 1Significant Reporting and Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

We are a holding company that provides insurance through our subsidiaries for personal auto with a concentration on nonstandard risks, commercial auto and classic collectors. Although licensed to write insurance in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, we focus on select states that we believe offer the greatest opportunity for premium growth and profitability.

Basis of Consolidation and Reporting

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2016. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, focuses on our financial performance since the beginning of the year.

These financial statements reflect certain adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of our results of operations and financial position. Such adjustments consist of normal, recurring accruals recorded to accurately match expenses with their related revenue streams and the elimination of all significant intercompany transactions and balances.

We have evaluated events that occurred after September 30, 2017, for recognition or disclosure in our financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.

Schedules may not foot due to rounding.

Estimates

We based certain accounts and balances within these financial statements upon our estimates and assumptions. The amount of reserves for claims not yet paid, for example, is an item that we can only record by estimation. Unrealized capital gains and losses on investments are subject to market fluctuations, and we use judgment in the determination of whether unrealized losses on certain securities are temporary or other-than-temporary. Should actual results differ significantly from these estimates, the effect on our results of operations could be material. The results of operations for the periods presented may not be indicative of our results for the entire year.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In March 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for employee share-based payments. The guidance addresses the recognition, presentation and classification of awards, forfeitures and shares withheld for tax purposes. We adopted the change to the presentation of excess tax benefits on the consolidated statements of cash flow retrospectively and all other portions of the standard prospectively as of January 1, 2017. We reclassified $0.2 million of excess tax benefits from financing activities to operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

9

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2017 the FASB issued an ASU related to the amortization of premium on purchased callable debt securities. The guidance amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. Securities that contain explicit, noncontingent call features that are callable at fixed prices and on preset dates should shorten the amortization period for the premium to the earliest call date (and if the call option is not exercised, the effective yield is reset using the payment terms of the debt security). The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In October 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the recognition of income tax on intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The guidance requires the income tax to be recognized when the transfer occurs rather than when the asset is sold to an outside party. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within the year of adoption, and is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In June 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for credit losses. The guidance generally requires credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities to be recognized as an allowance rather than as a reduction to the amortized cost of a security. The standard is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within the year of adoption, with prospective application of the ASU required for debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized before the implementation date. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In February 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and is to be applied retrospectively, with an option to use a modified retrospective approach for leases which commenced prior to the effective date of this ASU. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2016 the FASB issued an ASU amending the guidance on classifying and measuring financial instruments. The guidance requires equity securities to be measured at fair value and changes in that fair value to be recognized through net income. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We currently record equity securities at fair value and as of September 30, 2017, we have $16.7 million net unrealized gains, net of tax, recognized as a component of other comprehensive income.

In May 2014 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. Insurance contracts have been excluded from the scope of the guidance. In August 2015 the FASB issued an ASU to defer the effective date from fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. As an insurance-entity, we are largely exempt from the provisions of this standard, with only fee income subject to this new standard. Processing and policy fees, which totaled $19.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, and are largely earned at the inception of the policy under current guidance, will be earned over the life of the policy under the new revenue recognition guidance. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

10

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2Computation of Net Earnings per Share

The following table illustrates our computations of basic and diluted net earnings per common share ($ in thousands, except per

share figures):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Net earnings	$	14,978	$	2,753	$	30,671	$	21,476
Average basic shares outstanding	10,993		11,018		11,004		11,022
Basic net earnings per share	$	1.36	$	0.25	$	2.79	$	1.95
Average basic shares outstanding	10,993		11,018		11,004		11,022
Restricted stock not vested	17		27		28		24
Dilutive effect of Performance Share Plan	52		39		63		59
Average diluted shares outstanding	11,062		11,084		11,095		11,105
Diluted net earnings per share	$	1.35	$	0.25	$	2.76	$	1.93

11

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 3Fair Value

Fair values of instruments are based on:

(i) quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1);

(ii) quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets (Level 2); or

(iii) valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable in the marketplace (Level 3).

The following tables present, for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, our assets and liabilities for which we report fair value on a recurring basis ($ in thousands):

	Fair Value
September 30, 2017	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	102,356		$	0		$	0		$	102,356
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. government	61,894			0			0			61,894
State and municipal	0			498,849			3,537			502,386
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	0			355,257			0			355,257
Commercial	0			34,890			0			34,890
Total mortgage-backed securities	0			390,148			0			390,148
Asset-backed securities	0			55,906			200			56,106
Corporates	0			437,962			213			438,175
Total fixed maturities	61,894			1,382,865			3,950			1,448,709
Equity securities	100,042			0			0			100,042
Short-term investments	0			2,572			0			2,572
Total cash and investments	$	264,292		$	1,385,437		$	3,950		$	1,653,679
Percentage of total cash and investments	16.0		%	83.8		%	0.2		%	100.0		%
December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	92,800		$	0		$	0		$	92,800
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. government	62,480			5			0			62,485
State and municipal	0			472,471			3,860			476,331
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	0			340,367			0			340,367
Commercial	0			69,801			0			69,801
Total mortgage-backed securities	0			410,169			0			410,169
Asset-backed securities	0			37,196			412			37,608
Corporates	0			402,909			666			403,575
Total fixed maturities	62,480			1,322,749			4,938			1,390,167
Equity securities	90,640			0			0			90,640
Short-term investments	769			2,139			0			2,907
Total cash and investments	$	246,689		$	1,324,888		$	4,938		$	1,576,514
Percentage of total cash and investments	15.6		%	84.0		%	0.3		%	100.0		%

12

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

We do not report our long-term debt at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The $292.8 million and $278.7 million fair value of our long-term debt at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, would be included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy if it were reported at fair value.

Level 1 includes cash and cash equivalents, U.S. Treasury securities, an exchange-traded fund and equities held in a rabbi trust which funds our Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan (SERP). Level 2 includes securities whose fair value was determined using observable market inputs. Level 3 securities are comprised of (i) securities for which there is no active or inactive market for similar instruments; (ii) securities whose fair value is determined based on unobservable inputs; and (iii) securities, other than those backed by the U.S. Government, that are not rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). We recognize transfers between levels at the beginning of the reporting period.

A third party nationally recognized pricing service provides the fair value of securities in Level 2. A summary of the significant valuation techniques and market inputs for each class of security follows:

U.S. Government: In determining the fair value for U.S. Government securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events.

State and municipal: In determining the fair value for state and municipal securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events.

Mortgage-backed securities: In determining the fair value for mortgage-backed securities we use the market approach and to a lesser extent the income approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data, industry and economic events and monthly payment information.

Asset-backed securities: In determining the fair value for asset-backed securities we use the market approach and to a lesser extent the income approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data, industry and economic events, monthly payment information and collateral performance.

Corporate: In determining the fair value for corporate securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads (for investment grade securities), observations of equity and credit default swap curves (for high-yield corporates), reference data and industry and economic events.

We review the third party pricing methodologies quarterly and test for significant differences between the market price used to value the security and recent sales activity.

13

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following tables present the progression in the Level 3 fair value category ($ in thousands):

Three months ended September 30, 2017	State and Municipal			Asset-Backed Securities			Corporates			Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,447		$	249		$	215		$	3,910
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(30		)	0			(0		)	(30		)
Included in other comprehensive income	2			(1		)	(1		)	(0		)
Settlements	0			(48		)	0			(48		)
Transfers in	118			0			0			118
Balance at end of period	$	3,537		$	200		$	213		$	3,950
Three months ended September 30, 2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	626		$	1,959		$	1,107		$	3,692
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(6		)	(0		)	2			(4		)
Included in other comprehensive income	(1		)	1			(16		)	(17		)
Purchases	0			0			0			0
Settlements	0			(125		)	(89		)	(214		)
Transfers in	0			0			0			0
Transfers out	0			(1,339		)	0			(1,339		)
Balance at end of period	$	618		$	495		$	1,005		$	2,118

Nine months ended September 30, 2017	State and Municipal			Asset-Backed Securities			Corporates			Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,860		$	412		$	666		$	4,938
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(90		)	0			2			(89		)
Included in other comprehensive income	14			25			(28		)	11
Purchases	0			4,259			2,000			6,259
Sales	(694		)	0			0			(694		)
Settlements	0			(213		)	(427		)	(640		)
Transfers in	447			0			0			447
Transfers out	0			(4,283		)	(2,000		)	(6,283		)
Balance at end of period	$	3,537		$	200		$	213		$	3,950
Nine months ended September 30, 2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	10		$	0		$	1,524		$	1,534
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(10		)	0			9			(1		)
Included in other comprehensive income	(0		)	2			(42		)	(40		)
Purchases	0			620			0			620
Settlements	(10		)	(125		)	(487		)	(622		)
Transfers in	628			1,338			0			1,966
Transfers out	0			(1,339		)	0			(1,339		)
Balance at end of period	$	618		$	495		$	1,005		$	2,118

14

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Of the $4.0 million fair value of securities in Level 3 at September 30, 2017, which consisted of six securities, we priced two based on non-binding broker quotes and foursecurities, which were included in Level 3 because they were not rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, were priced by a nationally recognized pricing service.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, one security, which was an exchange of a rated municipal bond for an unrated refunded bond, was transferred from Level 2 into Level 3, and zero security was transferred from Level 2 into Level 3 because it was not rated by a recognized statistical rating organization. There were no transfers of securities between Levels 1 and 2. Zero security was transferred from Level 2 into Level 3 during the first quarter of 2016 because a price could not be determined using observable market inputs. However, during the third quarter of 2016, a price was obtained using market observable inputs and the security was transferred back into Level 2.

The gains or losses included in net earnings are included in the line item "Net realized (losses) gains on investments" in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. We recognize the net gains or losses included in other comprehensive income in the line item "Unrealized gains on investments, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and the line item "Change in unrealized gain on investments" or the line item "Change in non-credit component of impairment losses on fixed maturities" in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	102,356	$	102,356	$	92,800	$	92,800
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturities	1,448,709		1,448,709		1,390,167		1,390,167
Equity securities	100,042		100,042		90,640		90,640
Short-term investments	2,572		2,572		2,907		2,907
Total cash and investments	$	1,653,679	$	1,653,679	$	1,576,514	$	1,576,514
Liabilities:
Long-term debt	$	273,753	$	292,782	$	273,591	$	278,726

Refer to Note 4 – Investments to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on investments and Note 5 – Long-Term Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on long-term debt.

Note 4Investments

We consider all fixed maturity and equity securities to be available-for-sale and report them at fair value with the net unrealized gains or losses reported after-tax (net of any valuation allowance) as a component of other comprehensive income. The proceeds from sales of securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, were $44.2 million and $172.8 million respectively, while the proceeds from sales of securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, were $68.0 million and $276.8 million, respectively. The proceeds for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were net of $2.0 million of receivable for unsettled sales as of September 30, 2017. The proceeds for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, were net of $1.7 million of receivable for securities sold during the third quarter of 2016 that had not settled as of September 30, 2016.

Gross gains of $0.3 million and gross losses of $0.7 million were realized on sales of available-for-sale securities during the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared with gross gains of $1.3 million and gross losses of $42.0 thousand realized on sales during the three months ended September 30, 2016. Gross gains of $3.3 million and gross losses of $1.3 million were realized on sales of available-for-sale securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with gross gains of $3.5 million and gross losses of $1.9 million realized on sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Gains or losses on securities are determined on a specific identification basis.

15

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Summarized information for the major categories of our investment portfolio follows ($ in thousands):

September 30, 2017	Amortized Cost or Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI(1)
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	$	62,099	$	49	$	(254	)	$	61,894	$	0
State and municipal	497,868		5,336		(818		)	502,386		(46		)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	356,172		2,592		(3,507		)	355,257		(1,823		)
Commercial	35,292		38		(440		)	34,890		0
Total mortgage-backed securities	391,463		2,631		(3,946		)	390,148		(1,823		)
Asset-backed securities	56,031		114		(39		)	56,106		(8		)
Corporates	431,742		6,922		(490		)	438,175		(31		)
Total fixed maturities	1,439,204		15,053		(5,548		)	1,448,709		(1,909		)
Equity securities	74,347		25,695		0			100,042		0
Short-term investments	2,574		0		(2		)	2,572		0
Total	$	1,516,125	$	40,748	$	(5,550	)	$	1,551,323	$	(1,909	)
December 31, 2016
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	$	62,808	$	55	$	(377	)	$	62,485	$	0
State and municipal	477,834		2,313		(3,816		)	476,331		(51		)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	343,095		2,306		(5,034		)	340,367		(1,967		)
Commercial	70,676		63		(939		)	69,801		0
Total mortgage-backed securities	413,772		2,369		(5,972		)	410,169		(1,967		)
Asset-backed securities	37,562		93		(47		)	37,608		(8		)
Corporates	400,685		4,389		(1,499		)	403,575		(41		)
Total fixed maturities	1,392,660		9,219		(11,711		)	1,390,167		(2,068		)
Equity securities	77,013		13,627		0			90,640		0
Short-term investments	2,909		0		(2		)	2,907		0
Total	$	1,472,582	$	22,846	$	(11,713	)	$	1,483,714	$	(2,068	)
(1) The total non-credit portion of OTTI recognized in Accumulated OCI reflecting the original non-credit loss at the time the credit impairment was determined.

16

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following tables set forth the amount of unrealized loss by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position ($ in thousands):

	Less than 12 Months								12 Months or More
September 30, 2017	Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Unrealized Losses as % of Cost		Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Unrealized Losses as % of Cost
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	23	$	44,656	$	(162	)	0.4	%	9	$	4,489	$	(93	)	2.0	%
State and municipal	60	119,086		(491		)	0.4	%	16	35,590		(328		)	0.9	%
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	315	158,772		(2,004		)	1.2	%	94	50,661		(1,503		)	2.9	%
Commercial	3	7,719		(87		)	1.1	%	7	19,659		(353		)	1.8	%
Total mortgage-backed securities	318	166,491		(2,091		)	1.2	%	101	70,320		(1,855		)	2.6	%
Asset-backed securities	19	21,159		(32		)	0.1	%	3	2,534		(7		)	0.3	%
Corporates	48	67,708		(306		)	0.4	%	19	20,627		(184		)	0.9	%
Total fixed maturities	468	419,100		(3,081		)	0.7	%	148	133,560		(2,467		)	1.8	%
Short-term investments	2	2,572		(2		)	0.5	%	0	0		0			0.0	%
Total	470	$	421,672	$	(3,083	)	0.7	%	148	$	133,560	$	(2,467	)	1.8	%
December 31, 2016
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	31	$	47,640	$	(377	)	0.8	%	0	$	0	$	0		0.0	%
State and municipal	146	303,428		(3,816		)	1.2	%	0	0		0			0.0	%
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	381	225,117		(4,559		)	2.0	%	40	11,891		(474		)	3.8	%
Commercial	14	38,002		(788		)	2.0	%	7	26,537		(150		)	0.6	%
Total mortgage-backed securities	395	263,119		(5,347		)	2.0	%	47	38,428		(625		)	1.6	%
Asset-backed securities	9	7,836		(46		)	0.6	%	1	519		(1		)	0.1	%
Corporates	98	145,089		(1,272		)	0.9	%	7	7,745		(227		)	2.8	%
Total fixed maturities	679	767,112		(10,859		)	1.4	%	55	46,693		(852		)	1.8	%
Short-term investments	3	2,907		(2		)	0.1	%	0	0		0			0.0	%
Total	682	$	770,019	$	(10,861	)	1.4	%	55	$	46,693	$	(852	)	1.8	%

The determination of whether unrealized losses are “other-than-temporary” requires judgment based on subjective as well as objective factors. Factors we considered and resources we used in our determination include:

• whether the unrealized loss is credit-driven or a result of changes in market interest rates;

• the length of time the security’s market value has been below its cost;

• the extent to which fair value is less than cost basis;

• the intent to sell the security;

• whether it is more likely than not that there will be a requirement to sell the security before its anticipated recovery;

• historical operating, balance sheet and cash flow data contained in issuer SEC filings;

• issuer news releases;

• near-term prospects for improvement in the issuer and/or its industry;

• industry research and communications with industry specialists; and

• third-party research and credit rating reports.

We regularly evaluate for potential impairment each security position that has either of the following: a fair value of less than 95% of its book value or an unrealized loss that equals or exceeds $100,000.

17

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes those securities, excluding the rabbi trust, with unrealized gains or losses:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Number of positions held with unrealized:
Gains	728		527
Losses	618		737
Number of positions held that individually exceed unrealized:
Gains of $500,000	2		1
Losses of $500,000	0		0
Percentage of positions held with unrealized:
Gains that were investment grade	85	%	85	%
Losses that were investment grade	97	%	97	%
Percentage of fair value held with unrealized:
Gains that were investment grade	86	%	84	%
Losses that were investment grade	97	%	97	%

The following table sets forth the amount of unrealized losses, excluding the rabbi trust, by age and severity at September 30, 2017 ($ in thousands):

Age of Unrealized Losses	Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses		Total Gross Unrealized Losses			Less  Than 5%*			5% - 10%*			Total Gross Greater Than 10%*
Three months or less	$	262,514	$	(943	)	$	(943	)	$	0		$	0
Four months through six months	13,342		(46		)	(46		)	0			0
Seven months through nine months	4,313		(24		)	(18		)	(6		)	0
Ten months through twelve months	186,054		(2,999		)	(2,999		)	0			0
Greater than twelve months	89,009		(1,537		)	(1,408		)	(129		)	(0		)
Total	$	555,232	$	(5,550	)	$	(5,415	)	$	(135	)	$	(0	)

* As a percentage of amortized cost or cost.

The change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities included the following ($ in thousands):

	Pre-tax
Nine months ended September 30, 2017	Fixed Maturities			Equity Securities			Short-Term Investments			Tax Effects			Net
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during the period	$	11,805		$	14,223		$	1		$	(9,110	)	$	16,919
Realized losses (gains) on securities sold	161			(2,155		)	(1		)	698			(1,297		)
Impairment loss recognized in earnings	31			0			0			(11		)	20
Change in unrealized, net	$	11,998		$	12,068		$	(0	)	$	(8,423	)	$	15,643
Nine months ended September 30, 2016
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during the period	$	25,941		$	5,047		$	0		$	(10,846	)	$	20,143
Realized (gains) losses on securities sold	(1,106		)	(470		)	3			551			(1,023		)
Impairment loss recognized in earnings	316			0			0			(111		)	205
Change in unrealized, net	$	25,151		$	4,577		$	3		$	(10,406	)	$	19,325

18

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For fixed maturity securities that are other-than-temporarily impaired, we assess our intent to sell and the likelihood that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of our amortized cost. If a fixed maturity security is considered other-than-temporarily impaired but we do not intend to and are not more than likely to be required to sell the security before our recovery to amortized cost, the amount of the impairment is separated into a credit loss component and the amount due to all other factors ("non-credit component"). The excess of the amortized cost over the present value of the expected cash flows determines the credit loss component of an impairment charge on a fixed maturity security. The present value is determined using the best estimate of cash flows discounted at (i) the effective interest rate implicit at the date of acquisition for non-structured securities; or (ii) the book yield for structured securities. The techniques and assumptions for determining the best estimate of cash flows vary depending on the type of security. We recognize the credit loss component of an impairment charge in net earnings and the non-credit component in accumulated other comprehensive income. If we intend to sell or will, more likely than not, be required to sell a security, the entire amount of the impairment is treated as a credit loss.

For our securities held with unrealized losses, we believe, based on our analysis, that we will recover our cost basis in these securities and we do not intend to sell the securities nor is it more likely than not that there will be a requirement to sell the securities before they recover in value.

The following table is a progression of credit losses on fixed maturity securities that were bifurcated between a credit and non-credit component ($ in thousands):

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Beginning balance	$	557		$	683
Additions for:
Newly impaired securities	13			0
Reductions for:
Securities sold and paid down	(98		)	(105		)
Ending balance	$	472		$	579

The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of fixed maturity securities at September 30, 2017, based on their fair values ($ in thousands). We report securities that do not have a single maturity date at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.

	Fair Value								Amortized Cost
Maturity	Securities with Unrealized Gains		Securities with Unrealized Losses		Securities with No Unrealized Gains or Losses		All Fixed Maturity Securities		All Fixed Maturity Securities
One year or less	$	36,440	$	24,407	$	5,699	$	66,545	$	66,395
After one year through five years	477,237		211,513		1,656		690,405		684,589
After five years through ten years	186,952		56,236		0		243,188		238,518
After ten years	2,317		0		0		2,317		2,207
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities	185,749		260,504		0		446,253		447,494
Total	$	888,695	$	552,659	$	7,354	$	1,448,709	$	1,439,204

Note 5Long-Term Debt

($ in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Principal	$	275,000	$	275,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	1,247		1,409
Long-term debt less unamortized debt issuance costs	$	273,753	$	273,591

19

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In September 2012 we issued $275 million principal of senior notes due September 2022 (the “5.0% Senior Notes”). The 5.0% Senior Notes accrue interest at 5.0%, payable semiannually. At the time we issued the 5.0% Senior Notes, we capitalized $2.2 million of debt issuance costs, which we are amortizing over the term of the 5.0% Senior Notes. We calculated the September 30, 2017, fair value of $292.8 million using a 123 basis point spread to the 10-year U.S. Treasury Note Yield of 2.335%.

In August 2017 we renewed our agreement for a $50 millionthree-year revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) that requires us to meet certain financial and other covenants. We are currently in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement, and as of September 30, 2017, there were no borrowings outstanding against it.

Note 6Income Taxes

The following is a reconciliation of income taxes at the statutory rate of 35.0% to the effective provision for income taxes as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Earnings before income taxes	$	21,683		$	3,196		$	43,320		$	30,012
Income taxes at statutory rate	7,589			1,119			15,162			10,504
Effect of:
Dividends-received deduction	(104		)	(101		)	(318		)	(322		)
Tax-exempt interest	(595		)	(600		)	(1,844		)	(1,858		)
Other	(185		)	24			(350		)	212
Provision for income taxes as shown on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings	$	6,704		$	442		$	12,649		$	8,536
GAAP effective tax rate	30.9		%	13.8		%	29.2		%	28.4		%

Note 7Additional Information

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

We made the following payments that we do not separately disclose in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Income tax payments	$	6,575	$	3,100	$	19,475	$	6,651
Interest payments on debt	6,875		6,875		13,750		13,750
Interest payments on capital leases	18		18		58		57

Negative Cash Book Balances

Negative cash book balances, included in the line item “Other liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $63.5 million and $40.6 million at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.

20

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 8Insurance Reserves

Insurance reserves include liabilities for unpaid losses, both known and estimated for incurred but not reported (IBNR), and unpaid loss adjustment expenses (LAE). The following table provides an analysis of changes in the liability for unpaid losses and LAE on a GAAP basis ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Balance at Beginning of Period
Unpaid losses on known claims	$	235,400		$	236,947		$	238,412		$	237,660
IBNR losses	323,184			290,767			306,641			290,097
LAE	142,513			138,496			140,402			142,207
Total unpaid losses and LAE	701,097			666,210			685,455			669,965
Reinsurance recoverables	(17,425		)	(18,487		)	(17,130		)	(14,694		)
Unpaid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverables	683,673			647,723			668,325			655,271
Current Activity
Loss and LAE incurred:
Current accident year	267,319			281,456			824,719			828,310
Prior accident years	(4,134		)	(590		)	(17,237		)	(18,646		)
Total loss and LAE incurred	263,186			280,866			807,482			809,664
Loss and LAE payments:
Current accident year	(186,335		)	(197,437		)	(447,115		)	(461,020		)
Prior accident years	(64,324		)	(72,205		)	(332,493		)	(344,969		)
Total loss and LAE payments	(250,659		)	(269,642		)	(779,608		)	(805,989		)
Balance at End of Period
Unpaid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverables	696,199			658,946			696,199			658,946
Add back reinsurance recoverables	33,080			17,580			33,080			17,580
Total unpaid losses and LAE	729,280			676,526			729,280			676,526
Unpaid losses on known claims	255,368			240,935			255,368			240,935
IBNR losses	330,553			299,143			330,553			299,143
LAE	143,359			136,449			143,359			136,449
Total unpaid losses and LAE	$	729,280		$	676,526		$	729,280		$	676,526

Contributing to the $4.1 million and $17.2 million of favorable reserve development during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, was a decrease in ultimate severity estimates in California related to bodily injury and material damage coverages for accident year 2016. Also contributing to the $17.2 million of favorable reserve development for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was a decrease in ultimate frequency estimates in Florida related to material damage and uninsured motorist bodily injury coverage for accident year 2016. This favorable development was partially offset by increases in ultimate severity estimates in bodily injury coverages in our commercial auto product.

The $0.6 million and $18.6 million of favorable reserve development during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, was primarily due to decreases in severity estimates related to Florida personal injury protection and bodily injury coverages related to accident years 2015 and prior, partially offset by unfavorable development from accident year 2015 in California material damage coverages and in bodily injury coverages in our commercial auto product, driven by an increase in severity.

21

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 9Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

There have been no material changes from the commitments discussed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. For a description of our previously reported commitments, refer to Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Contingencies

From time to time, we and our subsidiaries are named as defendants in various lawsuits incidental to our insurance operations. We consider legal actions relating to claims made in the ordinary course of seeking indemnification for a loss covered by the insurance policy in establishing loss and LAE reserves.

We also face in the ordinary course of business lawsuits that seek damages beyond policy limits, commonly known as extra-contractual claims, as well as class action and individual lawsuits that involve issues not unlike those facing other insurance companies and employers.

We continually evaluate potential liabilities and reserves for litigation of these types using the criteria established by the Contingencies topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Under this guidance, we may only record reserves for a loss if the likelihood of occurrence is probable and we can reasonably estimate the amount or range of the loss. When disclosing litigation or claims where a material loss is judged to be reasonably possible, we will disclose an estimated range of loss or state that an estimate cannot be made. We consider each legal action using this guidance and record reserves for losses as warranted by establishing a reserve captured within our Consolidated Balance Sheets line-items “Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses” for extra-contractual claims and “Other liabilities” for class action and other non-claims related lawsuits. We record amounts incurred on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings within “Losses and loss adjustment expenses” for extra-contractual claims and “Other expenses” for class action and other non-claims related lawsuits.

The following legal actions have been brought against us for which we have accrued no loss, and for which an estimate of a possible range of loss cannot be made under the above rules. While it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these lawsuits, we do not believe they are likely to have a material effect on our financial condition or liquidity. However, losses incurred because of these cases could have a material adverse impact on net earnings in a given period.

In Reyes v. Infinity Indemnity Insurance Company (Circuit Court of Miami-Dade County, Florida), which was initially filed on June 4, 2014, a third-party claimant is attempting to recover from Infinity a $30 million consent judgment obtained against an Infinity policyholder for personal injuries suffered by the claimant. In December 2014 the trial court granted Infinity's motion for partial summary judgment, finding the consent judgment unenforceable and that no bad faith claim could exist as a matter of law. The plaintiff successfully appealed that ruling. Petitions for Rehearing and for Certiorari Review by the Florida Supreme Court were denied on March 10, 2017 and June 14, 2017, respectively sending the matter back to the trial court, where resumed litigation is expected to focus next on the issues of coverage and duty to defend. We will continue to vigorously defend against all claims in this case.

As of September 30, 2017, pending putative (i.e., not certified) class action lawsuits that challenge certain of Infinity’s business operations and practices included the following:

• allegations we sold a lessor liability endorsement affording only illusory coverage.

• a challenge to denial of personal injury protection benefits to a class of injured third parties in vehicle accidents.

• a challenge to our payment of a percentage of arbitration awards to collection agencies in successful intercompany arbitrations.

• allegations that we are obligated to reimburse Medicare or secondary payers for accident-related medical payments in which personal injury protection benefits were denied.

In addition to lawsuits, regulatory bodies, including state insurance departments and the Securities and Exchange Commission, among others, may make inquiries, investigate consumer complaints or conduct on-site examinations concerning specific business practices or compliance more generally. Such inquiries, investigations or examinations have in the past and may in the future directly or indirectly result in regulatory orders requiring remedial, injunctive or other actions or the assessment of substantial fines or other penalties.

During the first quarter of 2017, as a result of our review of certain business practices surrounding a California consumer complaint to the California Department of Insurance (CDI), a $3.8 million adjustment was made to written and earned premium, reflecting premium to be returned to policyholders.

22

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

During the second quarter, the CDI inquired about how we estimate and adjust an insured's annual mileage driven. Under California's auto insurance regulations, annual miles driven is one of three mandatory factors used to determine insurance premium rates. Although we believe we are in compliance with applicable regulations, we opted to revise the methodology we employ during the renewal process for estimating changes in annual miles. This change resulted in lowering mileage on approximately 200,000 policies renewed predominately in years 2016 and 2017, and correspondingly lowering rates on those policies. Any excess premiums collected were returned to policyholders, which resulted in premium adjustments to written and earned premium for the second quarter of $18.3 million and $12.4 million, respectively. While we believe our policies fully comply with all state regulations, given the broad administrative and interpretative powers of state insurance departments, future and unanticipated judicial, regulatory or legislative changes may raise challenges over established rate, underwriting or claims practices.   

For a description of previously reported contingencies, refer to Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Note 10Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The components of other comprehensive income before and after tax are as follows ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2017									2016
	Before Tax			Income Tax			Net			Before Tax			Income Tax			Net
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, beginning of period	$	1,007		$	(353	)	$	655		$	923		$	(323	)	$	600
Effect on other comprehensive income	(13		)	4			(8		)	(11		)	4			(7		)
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, end of period	995			(348		)	647			912			(319		)	593
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, beginning of period	28,457			(9,960		)	18,497			37,383			(13,084		)	24,299
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	6,310			(2,209		)	4,102			4,702			(1,646		)	3,056
Reclassification adjustment for other-than-temporary impairments included in net income	22			(8		)	14			0			0			0
Reclassification adjustment for realized losses (gains) included in net income	410			(143		)	266			(1,282		)	449			(833		)
Effect on other comprehensive income	6,742			(2,360		)	4,382			3,420			(1,197		)	2,223
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, end of period	35,198			(12,319		)	22,879			40,803			(14,281		)	26,522
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	29,464			(10,312		)	19,152			38,306			(13,407		)	24,899
Change in post-retirement benefit liability	(13		)	4			(8		)	(11		)	4			(7		)
Change in unrealized gains on investments, net	6,742			(2,360		)	4,382			3,420			(1,197		)	2,223
Effect on other comprehensive income	6,729			(2,355		)	4,374			3,409			(1,193		)	2,216
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	$	36,193		$	(12,668	)	$	23,526		$	41,715		$	(14,600	)	$	27,115

23

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017									2016
	Before Tax			Income Tax			Net			Before Tax			Income Tax			Net
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, beginning of period	$	1,033		$	(361	)	$	671		$	944		$	(331	)	$	614
Effect on other comprehensive income	(38		)	13			(24		)	(32		)	11			(21		)
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, end of period	995			(348		)	647			912			(319		)	593
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, beginning of period	11,133			(3,896		)	7,236			11,072			(3,875		)	7,197
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	26,030			(9,110		)	16,919			30,989			(10,846		)	20,143
Reclassification adjustment for other-than-temporary impairments included in net income	31			(11		)	20			316			(111		)	205
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains included in net income	(1,996		)	698			(1,297		)	(1,573		)	551			(1,023		)
Effect on other comprehensive income	24,066			(8,423		)	15,643			29,731			(10,406		)	19,325
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, end of period	35,198			(12,319		)	22,879			40,803			(14,281		)	26,522
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	12,165			(4,258		)	7,907			12,016			(4,206		)	7,811
Change in post-retirement benefit liability	(38		)	13			(24		)	(32		)	11			(21		)
Change in unrealized gains on investments, net	24,066			(8,423		)	15,643			29,731			(10,406		)	19,325
Effect on other comprehensive income	24,028			(8,410		)	15,618			29,699			(10,395		)	19,304
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	$	36,193		$	(12,668	)	$	23,526		$	41,715		$	(14,600	)	$	27,115

Note 11Segment Information

We manage our business based on product line and have three operating segments: Personal Auto, Commercial Auto and Classic Collector (our reportable segments are Personal Auto and Commercial Auto).

Our Personal Auto product provides coverage to individuals for liability to others for bodily injury and property damage and for physical damage to an insured's own vehicle from collision and various other perils. In addition, some states require policies to provide for first party personal injury protection, frequently referred to as no-fault coverage.

Our Commercial Auto product provides coverage to businesses for liability to others for bodily injury and property damage and for physical damage to vehicles from collision and various other perils. We primarily target businesses with fleets of 20 or fewer vehicles and average 1.9 vehicles per policy. We avoid businesses that are involved in what we consider to be hazardous operations or interstate commerce.

Our Classic Collector product provides coverage to individuals with classic or antique automobiles for liability to others for bodily injury and property damage and for physical damage to an insured's own vehicle from collision and various other perils.

24

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

All segment revenues are generated from external customers. The following table provides revenues by segment and a reconciliation to "Total revenues" as reported on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
Gross written premium:	2017			2016			2017			2016
Personal Auto	$	319,242		$	319,771		$	920,522		$	951,925
Commercial Auto	38,617			35,326			123,207			107,975
Classic Collector	4,358			4,280			12,979			12,406
Total gross written premium	362,217			359,377			1,056,709			1,072,306
Ceded reinsurance:
Personal Auto	(1,627		)	(977		)	(3,615		)	(2,989		)
Commercial Auto(1)	(1,311		)	(1,137		)	(1,470		)	(2,887		)
Classic Collector	(275		)	(198		)	(696		)	(635		)
Total ceded reinsurance	(3,213		)	(2,312		)	(5,782		)	(6,511		)
Net written premium:
Personal Auto	317,615			318,794			916,907			948,936
Commercial Auto	37,306			34,190			121,737			105,088
Classic Collector	4,084			4,081			12,283			11,771
Total net written premium	359,004			357,065			1,050,927			1,065,795
Change in unearned premium:
Personal Auto	(14,075		)	(13,652		)	(12,532		)	(34,081		)
Commercial Auto	307			(881		)	(12,071		)	(11,869		)
Classic Collector	(272		)	(362		)	(844		)	(775		)
Total change in unearned premium	(14,040		)	(14,895		)	(25,447		)	(46,725		)
Earned premium:
Personal Auto	303,540			305,142			904,375			914,855
Commercial Auto	37,612			33,309			109,666			93,219
Classic Collector	3,812			3,720			11,439			10,996
Total earned premium	344,964			342,171			1,025,480			1,019,070
Installment and other fee income:
Personal Auto	23,133			23,760			70,839			69,783
Commercial Auto	2,889			2,537			8,593			7,417
Classic Collector	0			0			0			0
Total installment and other fee income	26,022			26,297			79,432			77,200
Net investment income	9,771			8,125			27,467			25,115
Net realized gains on investments	(431		)	1,282			1,964			1,257
Other income	376			249			1,041			727
Total revenues	$	380,701		$	378,124		$	1,135,385		$	1,123,370
(1) Effective June 1, 2017, the premium paid for our excess of loss reinsurance contract for our commercial auto business is now based on earned premium rather than written premium. Premium ceded during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes the return of $2.6 million of unearned premium due to the termination of the previous excess of loss contract.

25

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Our management uses underwriting income and combined ratios calculated on a statutory accident year basis as primary measures of profitability. Statutory accident year underwriting income is calculated by subtracting losses and loss adjustment expenses and commissions and other underwriting expenses (including bad debt charge-offs on agents' balances and premium receivables) from the total of earned premium and installment and other fee income. The statutory accident year combined ratio represents the sum of the following ratios: (i) losses and LAE incurred, excluding development from prior accident years, as a percentage of net earned premium; and (ii) underwriting expenses incurred, including bad debt and net of fees, as a percentage of net written premium.

The primary differences between the calculation of the statutory accident year used by management and the statutory calendar year combined ratios is the exclusion of bad debt charge-offs and the inclusion of development on prior accident year loss and LAE reserves.

Certain expenses are treated differently under statutory accounting principles. Under GAAP, commissions, premium taxes and other variable costs incurred in connection with successfully writing new and renewal business are capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs and amortized on a pro rata basis over the period in which the related premium is earned. On a statutory basis, these items are expensed as incurred. Additionally, bad debt charge-offs on agents' balances and premium receivables are included in the GAAP combined ratios.

The following tables present the underwriting income and combined ratio on a statutory accident year basis with reconciliations to "Earnings before income taxes" as presented on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings ($ in thousands). We do not allocate assets or "Provision for income taxes" to operating segments.

	Three months ended September 30, 2017
	Personal Auto				Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)		Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	14,571	94.4	%	$	156		99.7	%	$	(1,268	)	130.9	%	$	13,459		95.4	%
Bad debt charge-offs	3,302				588					9					3,900
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	4,803				(907		)			237					4,134
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	22,676		91.7	%	(162		)	100.6	%	(1,022		)	124.4	%	21,492			93.1	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences															(3,013		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income															18,479			94.6	%
Net investment income															9,771
Net realized gains on investments															(431		)
Other income															376
Interest expense															(3,510		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses															(2,158		)
Other expenses															(844		)
Earnings before income taxes															$	21,683
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

26

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

	Three months ended September 30, 2016
	Personal Auto					Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	(2,394	)	100.0	%	$	(336	)	100.5	%	$	(87	)	99.0	%	$	(2,817	)	100.1	%
Bad debt charge-offs	3,682					509					21					4,212
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	5,997					(5,315		)			(92		)			590
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	7,285			96.8	%	(5,142		)	115.0	%	(157		)	100.9	%	1,985			98.7	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences																(2,795		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income																(810		)	100.2	%
Net investment income																8,125
Net realized gains on investments																1,282
Other income																249
Interest expense																(3,507		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses																(1,768		)
Other expenses																(375		)
Earnings before income taxes																$	3,196
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

	Nine months ended September 30, 2017
	Personal Auto				Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)		Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	13,780	98.2	%	$	1,992		96.3	%	$	(990	)	106.1	%	$	14,782		98.1	%
Bad debt charge-offs	9,225				1,345					20					10,590
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	20,849				(4,015		)			404					17,237
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	43,854		94.9	%	(679		)	98.9	%	(566		)	102.4	%	42,610			95.4	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences															(10,681		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income															31,929			96.9	%
Net investment income															27,467
Net realized gains on investments															1,964
Other income															1,041
Interest expense															(10,533		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses															(6,876		)
Other expenses															(1,673		)
Earnings before income taxes															$	43,320
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

27

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

	Nine months ended September 30, 2016
	Personal Auto					Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	(978	)	99.5	%	$	(1,816	)	99.6	%	$	731		91.1	%	$	(2,063	)	99.4	%
Bad debt charge-offs	11,048					1,322					39					12,409
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	21,077					(2,393		)			(39		)			18,646
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	31,148			95.9	%	(2,887		)	100.9	%	731			91.1	%	28,992			96.4	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences																(8,568		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income																20,424			98.0	%
Net investment income																25,115
Net realized gains on investments																1,257
Other income																727
Interest expense																(10,524		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses																(5,532		)
Other expenses																(1,455		)
Earnings before income taxes																$	30,012
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

28

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

ITEM 2

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements” which anticipate results based on our estimates, assumptions and plans that are subject to uncertainty. We make these statements subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements in this report not dealing with historical results or current facts are forward-looking and we base them on estimates, assumptions and projections. Statements which include the words “assumes,” “believes,” “seeks,” “expects,” “may,” “should,” “intends,” “likely,” “targets,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “estimates” or the negative version of those words and similar statements of a future or forward-looking nature identify forward-looking statements. Examples of such forward-looking statements include statements relating to expectations concerning market conditions, premium growth, earnings, investment performance, expected losses, rate changes and loss experience.

The primary events or circumstances that could cause actual results to differ materially from what we expect include determinations with respect to reserve adequacy, realized gains or losses on the investment portfolio (including other-than-temporary impairments for credit losses), loss cost trends, and competitive conditions in our key focus states. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any of the forward-looking statements. For a more detailed discussion of some of the foregoing risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements refer to Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

OVERVIEW

During the third quarter of 2017, premium growth in Texas, Arizona and Commercial Auto was mostly offset by reductions in new business in Florida and California. Refer to Results of Operations – Underwriting – Premium for a more detailed discussion of our gross written premium.

Net catastrophe losses during the third quarter of 2017 were $15.1 million compared to net recoveries of $0.3 million during the third quarter of 2016.

Net earnings and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2017, were $15.0 million and $1.35, respectively, compared with $2.8 million and $0.25, respectively, for the same periods of 2016. Net earnings and diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were $30.7 million and $2.76, respectively, compared with $21.5 million and $1.93, respectively, for the same periods of 2016. The increase in net earnings and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, was primarily due to a decrease in the accident year combined ratio from 99.8% at September 30, 2016, to 98.6% at September 30, 2017.

Included in net earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, was $2.7 million ($4.1 million pre-tax) and $11.2 million ($17.2 million pre-tax), respectively, of favorable development on prior accident year loss and LAE reserves. Contributing to the $4.1 million and $17.2 million of favorable reserve development during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, was a decrease in ultimate severity estimates in California related to bodily injury and material damage coverages for accident year 2016. Also contributing to the $17.2 million of favorable reserve development for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was a decrease in ultimate frequency estimates in Florida related to material damage and uninsured motorist bodily injury coverage for accident year 2016. This favorable development was partially offset by increases in ultimate severity estimates in bodily injury coverages in our commercial auto product.

Included in net earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, was $0.4 million ($0.6 million pre-tax) and $12.1 million ($18.6 million pre-tax), respectively, of favorable development on prior accident year loss and LAE reserves. This development was primarily due to decreases in severity estimates related to Florida personal injury protection and bodily injury coverages related to accident years 2015 and prior, partially offset by unfavorable development from accident year 2015 in California material damage coverages and in bodily injury coverages in our commercial auto product, driven by an increase in severity.

29

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following table displays combined ratio results by accident year developed through September 30, 2017:

	Accident Year Combined Ratio Developed Through												Prior Accident Year (Favorable) / Unfavorable Development ($ in millions)
	Dec 2015		Sept 2016		Dec 2016		Mar 2017		June 2017		Sept 2017		Q3 2017					YTD 2017
Accident Year
Prior															$	(0.1	)			$	0.3
2009	92.4	%	92.4	%	92.4	%	92.4	%	92.5	%	92.5	%	0.0	%	0.2			0.1	%	0.4
2010	99.4	%	99.3	%	99.3	%	99.3	%	99.3	%	99.3	%	0.0	%	0.2			0.1	%	0.5
2011	100.2	%	100.0	%	99.8	%	99.9	%	99.9	%	99.9	%	0.0	%	0.0			0.1	%	0.6
2012	100.1	%	99.8	%	99.6	%	99.5	%	99.4	%	99.4	%	0.0	%	0.3			(0.2	)%	(2.4		)
2013	95.5	%	94.9	%	94.8	%	94.9	%	94.9	%	94.8	%	(0.1	)%	(1.5		)	(0.1	)%	(0.7		)
2014	95.4	%	94.3	%	94.4	%	94.4	%	94.5	%	94.5	%	0.5	%	0.6			0.1	%	1.8
2015	97.8	%	98.4	%	98.3	%	98.4	%	98.3	%	98.5	%	0.2	%	2.2			0.2	%	2.3
2016			99.8	%	98.4	%	97.8	%	97.4	%	97.0	%	(0.4	)%	(6.1		)	(1.4	)%	(20.1		)
2017 YTD							98.4	%	99.9	%	98.6	%
															$	(4.1	)			$	(17.2	)

Refer to Results of Operations – Underwriting – Profitability for a more detailed discussion of our underwriting results.

Pre-tax net investment income for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2017, was $9.8 million and $27.5 million respectively, compared with $8.1 million and $25.1 million, respectively, for the same periods of 2016. The increase for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, was primarily due to lower premium amortization on mortgage-backed securities and an increase in both make whole interest and bond issuer tender offers during 2017.

Our book value per share increased3.5% from $63.31 at December 31, 2016, to $65.52 at September 30, 2017. This increase was primarily due to earnings and an increase in unrealized gains, partially offset by shareholder dividends and share repurchases during the year.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Underwriting

Premium

Our insurance subsidiaries provide personal automobile insurance products with a concentration on nonstandard auto insurance. While there is no industry-recognized definition of nonstandard auto insurance, we believe that it is generally understood to mean coverage for drivers who, due to factors such as their driving record, driving experience, lapse in (or the absence of) prior insurance, or credit history, represent a higher than normal risk. Customers in the market for nonstandard auto insurance generally seek minimum required liability limits and are willing to accept restrictive coverages in exchange for more affordable insurance, given their risk profile. We also write commercial auto insurance and insurance for classic collectible automobiles (Classic Collector).

We are licensed to write insurance in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, but we focus our operations in targeted urban areas that we believe offer the greatest opportunity for premium growth and profitability.

30

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Our net earned premium was as follows ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			Change			% Change
Gross written premium:
Personal Auto	$	319,242		$	319,771		$	(529	)	(0.2	)%
Commercial Auto	38,617			35,326			3,290			9.3	%
Classic Collector	4,358			4,280			79			1.8	%
Total gross written premium	362,217			359,377			2,840			0.8	%
Ceded reinsurance	(3,213		)	(2,312		)	(901		)	39.0	%
Net written premium	359,004			357,065			1,939			0.5	%
Change in unearned premium	(14,040		)	(14,895		)	855			(5.7	)%
Net earned premium	$	344,964		$	342,171		$	2,793		0.8	%
	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			Change			% Change
Gross written premium:
Personal Auto	$	920,522		$	951,925		$	(31,403	)	(3.3	)%
Commercial Auto	123,207			107,975			15,232			14.1	%
Classic Collector	12,979			12,406			573			4.6	%
Total gross written premium	1,056,709			1,072,306			(15,598		)	(1.5	)%
Ceded reinsurance	(5,782		)	(6,511		)	729			(11.2	)%
Net written premium	1,050,927			1,065,795			(14,868		)	(1.4	)%
Change in unearned premium	(25,447		)	(46,725		)	21,278			(45.5	)%
Net earned premium	$	1,025,480		$	1,019,070		$	6,410		0.6	%

The following table summarizes our policies in force:

	At September 30,
	2017	2016	Change		% Change
Personal Auto	687,251	729,686	(42,435	)	(5.8	)%
Commercial Auto	55,935	51,849	4,086		7.9	%
Classic Collector	41,268	41,511	(243	)	(0.6	)%
Total policies in force	784,454	823,046	(38,592	)	(4.7	)%

During the first nine months of 2017, we implemented rate revisions in various states with an overall rate increase of 3.0%. Policies in force at September 30, 2017, decreased4.7% compared with the same period in 2016.

Gross written premium in Personal Auto was relatively flat during the third quarter of 2017 primarily due to premium declines in California and Florida, offset by growth in Texas and Arizona. The decrease in gross written premium in Personal Auto during the first nine months of 2017 was primarily due to premium adjustments in California of $22.2 million during the first six months of 2017. Refer to Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies for a more detailed discussion of the premium adjustments. Excluding the premium adjustments, gross written premium increased 0.6% during the first nine months of 2017 driven by growth in Texas, Arizona and Commercial Auto, partially offset by reductions in new business in Florida and California. Growth during the first nine months in Texas and Arizona was primarily due to new business growth and higher average premium in both states as well as renewal premium growth in Texas.

The gross written premium growth during the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 in our Commercial Auto product was primarily due to new and renewal business growth and higher average premium.

31

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Profitability

A key operating performance measure of insurance companies is underwriting profitability, as opposed to overall profitability or net earnings. We measure underwriting profitability by the combined ratio. When the combined ratio is under 100%, we consider underwriting results profitable; when the ratio is over 100%, we consider underwriting results unprofitable. The combined ratio does not reflect investment income, other income, interest expense, corporate general and administrative expenses, other expenses or federal income taxes.

In addition to reporting financial results in accordance with GAAP, we report results on a statutory basis for insurance regulatory purposes. We evaluate underwriting profitability based on a combined ratio calculated using statutory accounting principles. The statutory combined ratio represents the sum of the following ratios: (i) losses and LAE incurred as a percentage of net earned premium; and (ii) underwriting expenses incurred, net of installment and other fees, as a percentage of net written premium. Certain expenses are treated differently under statutory and GAAP accounting principles. Under GAAP, commissions, premium taxes and other variable costs incurred in connection with writing new and renewal business are capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs and amortized on a pro rata basis over the period in which the related premium is earned. On a statutory basis, these items are expensed as incurred. Additionally, bad debt charge-offs on agent balances and premium receivables are included only in the GAAP combined ratios.

The discussion of underwriting results that follows focuses on statutory ratios and the components thereof, unless otherwise indicated.

The following table presents statutory and GAAP combined ratios:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2017						2016						% Point Change
	Loss & LAE Ratio		Underwriting Ratio		Combined Ratio		Loss & LAE Ratio		Underwriting Ratio		Combined Ratio		Loss & LAE Ratio		Underwriting Ratio		Combined Ratio
Personal Auto	75.5	%	16.3	%	91.7	%	80.7	%	16.2	%	96.8	%	(5.2	)%	0.1	%	(5.1	)%
Commercial Auto	84.0	%	16.6	%	100.6	%	98.3	%	16.7	%	115.0	%	(14.3	)%	(0.1	)%	(14.4	)%
Classic Collector	91.4	%	33.0	%	124.4	%	67.1	%	33.8	%	100.9	%	24.3	%	(0.8	)%	23.5	%
Total statutory ratios	76.5	%	16.6	%	93.1	%	82.3	%	16.4	%	98.7	%	(5.8	)%	0.1	%	(5.6	)%
Total statutory ratios excluding development	81.9	%	16.6	%	98.4	%	80.7	%	16.4	%	97.1	%	1.2	%	0.1	%	1.3	%
GAAP ratios	76.3	%	18.3	%	94.6	%	82.1	%	18.2	%	100.2	%	(5.8	)%	0.2	%	(5.6	)%
GAAP ratios excluding development	81.7	%	18.3	%	100.0	%	80.5	%	18.2	%	98.7	%	1.2	%	0.2	%	1.4	%
	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017						2016						% Point Change
	Loss & LAE Ratio		Underwriting Ratio		Combined Ratio		Loss & LAE Ratio		Underwriting Ratio		Combined Ratio		Loss & LAE Ratio		Underwriting Ratio		Combined Ratio
Personal Auto	78.6	%	16.2	%	94.9	%	79.4	%	16.5	%	95.9	%	(0.8	)%	(0.2	)%	(1.0	)%
Commercial Auto	83.0	%	15.9	%	98.9	%	83.7	%	17.2	%	100.9	%	(0.7	)%	(1.3	)%	(2.0	)%
Classic Collector	67.9	%	34.5	%	102.4	%	58.9	%	32.2	%	91.1	%	9.0	%	2.3	%	11.3	%
Total statutory ratios	79.0	%	16.5	%	95.4	%	79.6	%	16.8	%	96.4	%	(0.7	)%	(0.3	)%	(1.0	)%
Total statutory ratios excluding development	80.7	%	16.5	%	97.1	%	81.5	%	16.8	%	98.2	%	(0.8	)%	(0.3	)%	(1.1	)%
GAAP ratios	78.7	%	18.1	%	96.9	%	79.5	%	18.5	%	98.0	%	(0.7	)%	(0.4	)%	(1.1	)%
GAAP ratios excluding development	80.4	%	18.1	%	98.6	%	81.3	%	18.5	%	99.8	%	(0.9	)%	(0.4	)%	(1.3	)%

32

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

During the first nine months of 2017, adjustments were made to written and earned premium as a result of premium to be returned to policyholders in California. Refer to Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies for a more detailed discussion of the premium adjustments. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, written and earned premiums were reduced by $22.1 million and $16.2 million, respectively. Excluding the adjustments, the statutory combined ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, would have been 93.9%. The GAAP combined ratio for the same period would have been 95.3%.

The statutory combined ratio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, decreased by 5.6points and 1.0point, respectively, from the same periods of 2016. The third quarter of 2017 included $14.4 million of favorable development from the first two accident quarters of 2017 compared with $6.0 million of unfavorable development during the third quarter of 2016 from the first two accident quarters of 2016.

The third quarter and first nine months of 2017 included $4.1 million and $17.2 million, respectively, of favorable reserve development on prior accident year loss and LAE reserves. Contributing to the $4.1 million and $17.2 million of favorable reserve development during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, was a decrease in ultimate severity estimates in California related to bodily injury and material damage coverages for accident year 2016. Also contributing to the $17.2 million of favorable reserve development for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was a decrease in ultimate frequency estimates in Florida related to material damage and uninsured motorist bodily injury coverage for accident year 2016. This favorable development was partially offset by increases in ultimate severity estimates in bodily injury coverages in our commercial auto product. The third quarter and first nine months of 2016 included $0.6 million and $18.6 million, respectively, of favorable development on prior accident year loss and LAE reserves primarily due to decreases in severity estimates related to Florida personal injury protection and bodily injury coverages related to accident years 2015 and prior, partially offset by unfavorable development from accident year 2015 in California material damage coverages and in bodily injury coverages in our commercial auto product, driven by an increase in severity.

The GAAP combined ratio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, decreased by 5.6points and 1.1points, respectively, from the same periods of 2016. Excluding the effect of development, the GAAP combined ratio increased by 1.4points and decreased by 1.3points during the third quarter and first nine months of 2017, respectively. The decrease in the combined ratio during the first nine months is primarily due to improving combined ratios in California and Florida.

Losses from catastrophes were $15.1 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2017 compared with net loss recoveries from catastrophes for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2016 of $0.3 million. Losses from catastrophes during the first nine months of 2017 were $18.3 million compared with $6.1 million for the same period of 2016.

The 5.1points decrease in the Personal Auto combined ratio for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2017 compared with the same period of 2016, was primarily favorable development in California and Florida from the first two accident quarters of 2017 partially offset by an increase in the combined ratio in Texas.

The 14.4points and 2.0pointsdecrease in the Commercial Auto combined ratio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, was primarily due to less unfavorable development during the third quarter of 2017 compared with the same period of 2016 and an improvement in the accident year loss ratio during the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016.

Installment and Other Fee Income

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
($ in thousands)	2017		2016		2017		2016
Installment and other fee income	$	26,022	$	26,297	$	79,432	$	77,200

The increase in installment and other fee income charged to policyholders during the first nine months of 2017 was primarily related to an increase in installment fees.

33

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Net Investment Income

Net investment income is comprised of gross investment income less investment management fees and expenses, as shown in the following table ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Gross investment income:
Interest income on fixed maturities, cash and cash equivalents	$	9,821		$	8,191		$	27,599		$	25,237
Dividends on equity securities	498			482			1,525			1,545
Gross investment income	10,319			8,672			29,124			26,782
Investment expenses	(548		)	(548		)	(1,656		)	(1,667		)
Net investment income	9,771			8,125			27,467			25,115
Average investment balance, at cost	$	1,575,453		$	1,499,267		$	1,558,849		$	1,502,808
Annualized returns excluding realized gains and losses	2.5%			2.2%			2.3%			2.2%
Annualized returns including realized gains and losses	2.4%			2.5%			2.5%			2.3%

The increase in pre-tax net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, was primarily due to lower premium amortization on mortgage-backed securities and an increase in both make whole interest and bond issuer tender offers during 2017.

The following table provides information about our fixed maturity investments at September 30, 2017, which are sensitive to interest rate risk. The table shows expected principal cash flows by expected maturity date for each of the five subsequent years and collectively for all years thereafter. Callable bonds and notes are included based on call date or maturity date depending upon which date produces the most conservative yield. Mortgage Backed Securities (MBS) and sinking fund issues are included based on maturity year adjusted for expected payment patterns.

	Expected Principal Cash Flows
($ in thousands)	MBS and ABS only		Excluding MBS and ABS		Total		Maturing Book Yield
For the period ending December 31,
2017	$	15,737	$	22,400	$	38,138	3.3%
2018	57,294		107,063		164,357		2.4%
2019	57,328		200,257		257,586		2.2%
2020	48,357		192,544		240,901		2.4%
2021	42,445		138,210		180,656		2.7%
Thereafter	210,634		276,766		487,401		2.6%
Total	$	431,795	$	937,243	$	1,369,038	2.5%

The cash flows presented take into consideration historical relationships of market yields and prepayment rates. However, the actual prepayment rate may differ from historical trends, resulting in actual principal cash flows that differ from those presented above.

34

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Investments

We recorded net realized gains (losses) on sales and impairments for unrealized losses deemed other-than-temporary as follows (before tax, $ in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30, 2017									Three months ended September 30, 2016
	Net Realized Losses on Sales			Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings			Total Net Realized Losses on Investments			Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Sales			Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings			Total Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Investments
Fixed maturities	$	(410	)	$	(22	)	$	(431	)	$	813		$	0		$	813
Equity securities	0			0			0			470			0			470
Short-term investments	0			0			0			(1		)	0			(1		)
Total	$	(410	)	$	(22	)	$	(431	)	$	1,282		$	0		$	1,282
	Nine months ended September 30, 2017									Nine months ended September 30, 2016
	Net Realized (Losses) Gains on Sales			Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings			Total Net Realized (Losses) Gains on Investments			Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Sales			Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings			Total Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Investments
Fixed maturities	$	(161	)	$	(31	)	$	(192	)	$	1,106		$	(316	)	$	790
Equity securities	2,155			0			2,155			470			0			470
Short-term investments	1			0			1			(3		)	0			(3		)
Total	$	1,996		$	(31	)	$	1,964		$	1,573		$	(316	)	$	1,257

For our securities held with unrealized losses, we believe, based on our analysis, that (i) we will recover our cost basis in these securities; and (ii) we do not intend to sell the securities nor is it more likely than not that there will be a requirement to sell the securities before they recover in value. Should either of these beliefs change with regard to a particular security, a charge for impairment would likely be required. While it is not possible to predict accurately if or when a specific security will become impaired, charges for other-than-temporary impairments could be material to results of operations in a future period.

Interest Expense

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
($ in thousands)	2017		2016		2017		2016
5.0% Senior Notes	$	3,438	$	3,438	$	10,313	$	10,313
Amortization of debt issuance costs	55		52		162		154
Capital leases	18		18		58		57
Total	$	3,510	$	3,507	$	10,533	$	10,524

At September 30, 2017, we had $275 million principal outstanding of senior notes. These notes carry a coupon rate of 5.0% and require no principal payment until maturity in September 2022. Refer to Note 5 – Long-Term Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the 5.0% Senior Notes.

Income Taxes

Our GAAP effective tax rate was 30.9% and 29.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, compared with 13.8% and 28.4%, respectively, for the same periods of 2016. The GAAP effective tax rate has increased in 2017 primarily as a result of an increase in operating income. Refer to Note 6 – Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on income taxes.

35

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Sources of Funds

We are a holding company and our insurance subsidiaries conduct our operations. Accordingly, we will have continuing cash needs for administrative expenses, the payment of interest on borrowings, shareholder dividends, share repurchases and taxes.

Funds to meet expenditures at the holding company level come primarily from dividends and tax payments from the insurance subsidiaries, as well as cash and investments held by the holding company. As of September 30, 2017, the holding company had $163.7 million of cash and investments. In 2017 our insurance subsidiaries may pay us up to $66.2 million in ordinary dividends without prior regulatory approval. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, our insurance subsidiaries have paid us ordinary dividends of $47.5 million.

Our insurance subsidiaries generate liquidity to satisfy their obligations primarily by collecting and investing premiums in advance of paying claims and generating investment income on their $1.4 billion investment portfolio. Our insurance subsidiaries generated positive cash flows from operations of $53.1 million and $111.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, compared with positive operating cash flows of $21.2 million and $58.6 million during the same periods of 2016.

At September 30, 2017, we had $275 million principal outstanding of 5.0% Senior Notes. The 5.0% Senior Notes accrue interest at 5.0%, payable semiannually each March and September. Refer to Note 5 – Long-Term Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on our long-term debt.

In August 2017 we renewed our agreement for a $50 million three-year revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) that requires us to meet certain financial and other covenants. We are currently in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement, and as of September 30, 2017, there were no borrowings outstanding against it.

On February 29, 2016, we filed a "shelf" registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission registering securities, and as long as it remains effective, it will allow us to sell any combination of senior or subordinated debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, warrants, depositary shares, purchase contracts and units in one or more offerings should we choose to do so in the future. This shelf registration statement expires March 1, 2019.

Uses of Funds

In February 2017 we increased our quarterly dividend to $0.58 per share from $0.52 per share. At this current amount, our 2017 annualized dividend payments would be approximately $25.6 million.

On November 4, 2014, our Board of Directors increased the authority of our share and debt repurchase program to a total of $75 million and extended the date to execute the program to December 31, 2016, from December 31, 2014. On November 1, 2016, our Board approved the extension of the date to execute the program from December 31, 2016, to December 31, 2017, and on November 2, 2017, approved an extension to December 31, 2018. As of September 30, 2017, we had $27.1 million of authority remaining under this program. Share repurchases during the first nine months of 2017 were as follows:

	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share (Excluding Commissions)
First quarter	8,756	$	89.58
Second quarter	17,401	94.52
Third quarter	58,449	91.29
Total	84,606	$	91.58

We believe that cash balances, cash flows generated from operations or borrowings, and maturities and sales of investments are adequate to meet our future liquidity needs and those of our insurance subsidiaries.

36

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Reinsurance

Premium ceded under all reinsurance agreements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, was $3.2 million and $5.8 million, respectively, compared with $2.3 million and $6.5 million, respectively, for the same periods of 2016. Effective June 1, 2017, the premium paid for our excess of loss reinsurance contract for our commercial auto business is now based on earned premium rather than written premium. Premium ceded for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, includes the return of $2.6 million of unearned premium due to the termination of the previous excess of loss contract. Refer to Note 11 - Reinsurance to the Consolidated Financial Statements of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, for more information on our reinsurance contracts.

Investments

Our consolidated investment portfolio at September 30, 2017, contained approximately $1.4 billion in fixed maturity securities, $100.0 million in equity securities and $2.6 million of short-term investments. All of these are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of shareholders’ equity, on an after-tax basis. At September 30, 2017, we had pre-tax net unrealized gains of $9.5 million on fixed maturities and pre-tax net unrealized gains of $25.7 million on equity securities. Combined, the pre-tax net unrealized gain increased by $24.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This increase occurred as a result of lower market interest rates and a rise in global equity markets. The average option adjusted duration of our fixed maturity portfolio was 3.3 years at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.

Since we carry all of these securities at fair value in our balance sheet, there is virtually no effect on liquidity or financial condition upon the sale and ultimate realization of unrealized gains and losses.

Approximately 90.3% of our fixed maturity investments at September 30, 2017, were rated “investment grade,” and, as of the same date, the average credit rating of our fixed maturity portfolio was AA-. Investment grade securities generally bear lower yields and have lower degrees of risk than those that are unrated or non-investment grade. We believe that a high quality investment portfolio is more likely to generate a stable and predictable investment return.

Fair values of instruments are based on (i) quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1); (ii) quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets (Level 2); or (iii) valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable in the marketplace (Level 3).

Our Level 1 securities are U.S. Treasury securities, an exchange-traded fund and equity securities held in a rabbi trust. Our Level 2 securities are comprised of securities whose fair value was determined using observable market inputs. Our Level 3 securities are comprised of (i) securities for which there is no active or inactive market for similar instruments; (ii) securities whose fair value is determined based on unobservable inputs; and (iii) securities that nationally recognized statistical rating organizations do not rate.

37

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Summarized information for our investment portfolio at September 30, 2017, was as follows ($ in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total  Fair Value
Fixed Maturities:
U.S. government	$	62,099	$	61,894	4.0	%
State and municipal	497,868		502,386		32.4	%
Mortgage- and asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	356,172		355,257		22.9	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	35,292		34,890		2.2	%
Asset-backed securities (ABS):
Auto loans	33,165		33,172		2.1	%
Equipment leases	4,731		4,744		0.3	%
Credit card	10,360		10,400		0.7	%
All other	7,775		7,789		0.5	%
Total ABS	56,031		56,106		3.6	%
Total mortgage- and asset-backed	447,494		446,253		28.8	%
Corporates
Investment grade	298,080		300,726		19.4	%
Non-investment grade	133,663		137,450		8.9	%
Total corporates	431,742		438,175		28.2	%
Total fixed maturities	1,439,204		1,448,709		93.4	%
Equity securities	74,347		100,042		6.4	%
Short-term investments	2,574		2,572		0.2	%
Total investments	$	1,516,125	$	1,551,323	100.0	%

We categorize securities by rating based upon available ratings issued by Moody's, Standard & Poor's or Fitch. If all three ratings are available but not equivalent, we exclude the lowest rating and the lower of the remaining ratings is used. If ratings are only available from two agencies, the lowest is used. This methodology is consistent with that used by the major bond indices.

The following table presents the credit rating and fair value of our fixed maturity portfolio by major security type at September 30, 2017 ($ in thousands):

	Rating
	AAA		AA		A		BBB		Non-investment Grade		Total Fair Value		% of Total Exposure
U.S. government	$	61,894	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	61,894	4.3	%
State and municipal	145,861		268,083		84,905		0		3,537		502,386		34.7	%
Mortgage- and asset-backed	424,431		13,558		3,735		4,530		0		446,253		30.8	%
Corporates	1,707		23,281		145,828		129,909		137,450		438,175		30.2	%
Total fair value	$	633,893	$	304,923	$	234,467	$	134,439	$	140,987	$	1,448,709	100.0	%
% of total fair value	43.8%		21.0%		16.2%		9.3%		9.7%		100.0%

38

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

ITEM 3

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

As of September 30, 2017, there were no material changes to the information provided on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, under the caption “Exposure to Market Risk” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Refer to Item 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis under the caption “Investments” for updates to disclosures made under the subcaption “Credit Risk” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

ITEM 4

Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of September 30, 2017. Based on that evaluation, we concluded that the controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with or submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017, there have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1

Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of developments in legal proceedings during the third quarter of 2017. For a description of our previously reported legal proceedings, refer to Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

ITEM 1A

Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors as disclosed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. For a description of our previously reported risk factors, refer to Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

39

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

ITEM 2

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (a)	Average Price Paid per Share (b)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (c)
July 1, 2017 - July 31, 2017	6,200	$	93.81	6,200	$	31,861,730
August 1, 2017 - August 31, 2017	37,423	91.88		19,849	30,042,848
September 1, 2017 - September 30, 2017	32,400	90.12		32,400	27,121,521
Total	76,023	$	91.29	58,449	$	27,121,521

(a) Includes 17,574 shares surrendered to cover the withholding taxes related to the issuance of shares under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan.

(b) Average price paid per share excludes commissions.

(c) On November 4, 2014, our Board of Directors increased the authority under our current share and debt repurchase plan to a total of $75.0 million and extended the date to execute the program to December 31, 2016, from December 31, 2014. On November 1, 2016, our Board approved the extension of the date to execute the program from December 31, 2016, to December 31, 2017, and on November 2, 2017, approved an extension to December 31, 2018.

ITEM 6

Exhibit 31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer under Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)
Exhibit 31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer under Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)
Exhibit 32	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
Exhibit 101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
Exhibit 101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (1)
Exhibit 101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (1)
Exhibit 101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1)
Exhibit 101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (1)
Exhibit 101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1)
(1) Furnished with this report, in accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the information in these exhibits shall not be deemed to be "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability under that section, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

40

INFINITY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CORPORATION FORM 10-Q

Signature

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Infinity Property and Casualty Corporation has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Infinity Property and Casualty Corporation
	BY:	/s/ ROBERT H. BATEMAN
November 6, 2017		Robert H. Bateman
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

41

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Glen N. Godwin, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Infinity Property and Casualty Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

November 6, 2017	BY:	/s/ GLEN N. GODWIN
		Glen N. Godwin
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Robert H. Bateman, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Infinity Property and Casualty Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

November 6, 2017	BY:	/s/ ROBERT H. BATEMAN
		Robert H. Bateman
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

In connection with the filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission of the Quarterly Report of Infinity Property and Casualty Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017 (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that to the best of his knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

November 6, 2017	BY:	/s/ GLEN N. GODWIN
		Glen N. Godwin Chief Executive Officer
November 6, 2017	BY:	/s/ ROBERT H. BATEMAN
		Robert H. Bateman Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

A signed original of this written statement will be retained by the Registrant and

furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Oct. 31, 2017
Document Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Registrant Name	INFINITY PROPERTY & CASUALTY CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0001195933
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		10,926,700

XML

Consolidated Statements Of Earnings - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Revenues:
Earned premium	$ 344,964	$ 342,171	$ 1,025,480	$ 1,019,070
Percent change, Earned premium	0.80%		0.60%
Installment and other fee income	$ 26,022	26,297	$ 79,432	77,200
Percent change, Installment and other fee income	(1.00%)		2.90%
Net investment income	$ 9,771	8,125	$ 27,467	25,115
Percent change, Net investment Income	20.30%		9.40%
Net realized (losses) gains on investments	(133.60%)		56.20%
Total net realized (losses) gains on investments	$ (431)	1,282	$ 1,964	1,257
Other income	$ 376	249	$ 1,041	727
Percent change, Other income	50.70%		43.20%
Total revenues	$ 380,701	378,124	$ 1,135,385	1,123,370
Percent change, Total revenues	0.70%		1.10%
Costs and Expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	$ 263,186	280,866	$ 807,482	809,664
Percent change, Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(6.30%)		(0.30%)
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	$ 89,321	88,412	$ 265,501	266,183
Percent change, Commissions and other underwriting expenses	1.00%		(0.30%)
Interest expense	$ 3,510	3,507	$ 10,533	10,524
Percent change, Interest expense	0.10%		0.10%
Corporate general and administrative expenses	$ 2,158	1,768	$ 6,876	5,532
Percent change, Corporate general and administrative expenses	22.00%		24.30%
Other expenses	$ 844	375	$ 1,673	1,455
Percent change, Other expenses	125.10%		15.00%
Total costs and expenses	$ 359,019	374,929	$ 1,092,065	1,093,358
Percent change, Total costs and expenses	(4.20%)		(0.10%)
Earnings before income taxes	$ 21,683	3,196	$ 43,320	30,012
Percent change, Earnings before income taxes	578.50%		44.30%
Provision for income taxes	$ 6,704	442	$ 12,649	8,536
Percent change, Provision for income taxes			48.20%
Net Earnings	$ 14,978	$ 2,753	$ 30,671	$ 21,476
Percent change, Net Earnings	444.00%		42.80%
Net Earnings per Common Share:
Basic (usd per share)	$ 1.36	$ 0.25	$ 2.79	$ 1.95
Percent change, Basic	444.00%		43.10%
Diluted (usd per share)	$ 1.35	$ 0.25	$ 2.76	$ 1.93
Percent change, Diluted	440.00%		43.00%
Average Number of Common Shares:
Basic (shares)	10,993	11,018	11,004	11,022
Percent change, Basic	(0.20%)		(0.20%)
Diluted (shares)	11,062	11,084	11,095	11,105
Percent change, Diluted	(0.20%)		(0.10%)
Cash Dividends per Common Share (usd per share)	$ 0.58	$ 0.52	$ 1.74	$ 1.56
Percent change, Cash Dividends per Common Share	11.50%		11.50%
Net realized gains on sales	$ (410)	$ 1,282	$ 1,996	$ 1,573
Percent change, Net realized gains on sales	(132.00%)		26.90%
Total other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) losses	$ (57)	0	$ (102)	(316)
Percent change, Total other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) losses			(67.60%)
Non-credit portion in other comprehensive income	35	0	$ 71	0
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings	(22)	0	(31)	(316)
Total net realized (losses) gains on investments	$ (431)	$ 1,282	$ 1,964	$ 1,257
increase Decrease Other Than Temporary Impairment Losses Investments Portion Recognized In Earnings Net Available For Sale Securities			(90.00%)

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net earnings	$ 14,978	$ 2,753	$ 30,671	$ 21,476
Other comprehensive income before tax:
Net change in post-retirement benefit liability	(13)	(11)	(38)	(32)
Unrealized gains on investments:
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period	6,310	4,702	26,030	30,989
Less: Reclassification adjustments for losses (gains) included in net earnings	431	(1,282)	(1,964)	(1,257)
Unrealized gains on investments, net	6,742	3,420	24,066	29,731
Other comprehensive income, before tax	6,729	3,409	24,028	29,699
Income tax expense related to components of other comprehensive income	(2,355)	(1,193)	(8,410)	(10,395)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	4,374	2,216	15,618	19,304
Comprehensive income	$ 19,352	$ 4,969	$ 46,289	$ 40,780

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Investments:
Fixed maturities – at fair value (amortized cost $1,439,204 and $1,392,660)	$ 1,448,709	$ 1,390,167
Equity securities – at fair value (cost $74,347 and $77,013)	100,042	90,640
Short-term investments – at fair value (amortized cost $2,574 and $2,909)	2,572	2,907
Total investments	1,551,323	1,483,714
Cash and cash equivalents	102,356	92,800
Accrued investment income	12,411	12,485
Agents’ balances and premium receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $13,884 and $14,207	509,210	495,157
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $81,411 and $70,559	84,485	96,166
Prepaid reinsurance premium	2,976	3,410
Recoverables from reinsurers (includes $3,288 and $121 on paid losses and LAE)	36,368	17,251
Deferred policy acquisition costs	91,418	91,136
Current and deferred income taxes	20,050	21,635
Receivable for securities sold	2,025	795
Other assets	19,968	12,777
Goodwill	75,275	75,275
Total assets	2,507,866	2,402,601
Liabilities:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	729,280	685,455
Unearned premium	637,506	614,347
Long-term debt (fair value $292,782 and $278,726)	273,753	273,591
Commissions payable	15,035	16,176
Payable for securities purchased	10,167	13,922
Other liabilities	123,513	99,924
Total liabilities	1,789,254	1,703,414
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 9)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, no par value (50,000,000 shares authorized; 21,852,037 and 21,809,954 shares issued)	21,868	21,829
Additional paid-in capital	381,928	378,745
Retained earnings	789,175	777,695
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	23,526	7,907
Treasury stock, at cost (10,883,839 and 10,766,211 shares)	(497,885)	(486,990)
Total shareholders’ equity	718,612	699,187
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 2,507,866	$ 2,402,601

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Fixed maturities, amortized cost	$ 1,439,204	$ 1,392,660
Equity securities, cost	74,347	77,013
Short term investments, amortized cost	2,574	2,909
Agents' balances and premium receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts	13,884	14,207
Property and equipment, accumulated depreciation	81,411	70,559
Recoverable from reinsurers, paid losses and loss adjustment expenses	3,288	121
Long-term debt, fair value	$ 292,782	$ 278,726
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, shares authorized (shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (shares)	21,852,037	21,809,954
Treasury stock, shares (shares)	10,883,839	10,766,211

XML

Consolidated Statements Of Changes In Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax	Treasury Stock
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 687,595	$ 21,794	$ 376,025	$ 757,604	$ 7,811	$ (475,638)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net earnings	21,476			21,476
Net change in post-retirement benefit liability	(21)				(21)
Change in unrealized gain on investments	19,109				19,109
Change in non-credit component of impairment losses on fixed maturities	216				216
Comprehensive income	40,780
Dividends paid to common shareholders	(17,249)			(17,249)
Shares issued and share-based compensation expense, including tax benefit	1,753	22	1,731
Acquisition of treasury stock	(10,079)					(10,079)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2016	702,801	21,816	377,757	761,831	27,115	(485,717)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net earnings	21,609			21,609
Net change in post-retirement benefit liability	78				78
Change in unrealized gain on investments	(19,347)				(19,347)
Change in non-credit component of impairment losses on fixed maturities	61				61
Comprehensive income	2,401
Dividends paid to common shareholders	(5,744)			(5,744)
Shares issued and share-based compensation expense, including tax benefit	1,002	13	989
Acquisition of treasury stock	(1,273)					(1,273)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	699,187	21,829	378,745	777,695	7,907	(486,990)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net earnings	30,671			30,671
Net change in post-retirement benefit liability	(24)				(24)
Change in unrealized gain on investments	15,539				15,539
Change in non-credit component of impairment losses on fixed maturities	103				103
Comprehensive income	46,289
Dividends paid to common shareholders	(19,191)			(19,191)
Shares issued and share-based compensation expense, including tax benefit	3,222	39	3,183
Acquisition of treasury stock	(10,895)					(10,895)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2017	$ 718,612	$ 21,868	$ 381,928	$ 789,175	$ 23,526	$ (497,885)

XML

Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Operating Activities:
Net earnings	$ 14,978	$ 2,753	$ 30,671	$ 21,476
Adjustments:
Depreciation	4,008	3,930	12,304	10,451
Amortization	5,436	5,643	16,459	16,482
Net realized gains on investments	431	(1,282)	(1,964)	(1,257)
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment	1	143	(7)	544
Share-based compensation expense	390	1,060	3,012	1,411
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements			0	157
Activity related to rabbi trust	55	46	183	112
Change in accrued investment income	1,060	482	74	992
Change in agents’ balances and premium receivable	(11,155)	(15,356)	(14,053)	(40,372)
Change in reinsurance receivables	(18,295)	465	(18,684)	(1,602)
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs	(1,016)	(1,627)	(283)	(4,292)
Change in other assets	295	(2,363)	(12,925)	940
Change in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	28,182	10,316	43,825	6,562
Change in unearned premium	14,040	14,911	23,158	43,657
Change in other liabilities	12,068	(3,179)	22,388	(6,924)
Net cash provided by operating activities	50,479	15,943	104,159	48,339
Investing Activities:
Purchases of fixed maturities	(136,834)	(117,638)	(412,675)	(379,135)
Purchases of equity securities			(1,900)	0
Purchases of short-term investments	(2,594)	(3,110)	(3,019)	(8,250)
Purchases of property and equipment	(987)	(253)	(2,571)	(15,648)
Maturities and redemptions of fixed maturities	73,361	39,703	181,839	115,848
Maturities and redemptions of short-term investments	425	1,300	925	1,300
Proceeds from sale of fixed maturities	44,201	62,429	163,359	265,544
Proceeds from sale of equity securities	0	2,000	7,002	2,000
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments	0	3,592	2,400	9,258
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	1	0	26	2
Net cash used in investing activities	(22,428)	(11,977)	(64,614)	(9,081)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from stock options exercised and employee stock purchases	66	60	210	185
Principal payments under capital lease obligations	(135)	(131)	(403)	(380)
Acquisition of treasury stock	(6,857)	(543)	(10,603)	(10,681)
Dividends paid to shareholders	(6,378)	(5,751)	(19,191)	(17,249)
Net cash used in financing activities	(13,303)	(6,366)	(29,988)	(28,125)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	14,748	(2,400)	9,556	11,133
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	87,608	76,016	92,800	62,483
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 102,356	$ 73,616	$ 102,356	$ 73,616

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Significant Reporting And Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Reporting And Accounting Policies

Significant Reporting and Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

We are a holding company that provides insurance through our subsidiaries for personal auto with a concentration on nonstandard risks, commercial auto and classic collectors. Although licensed to write insurance in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, we focus on select states that we believe offer the greatest opportunity for premium growth and profitability.

Basis of Consolidation and Reporting

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2016. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, focuses on our financial performance since the beginning of the year.

These financial statements reflect certain adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of our results of operations and financial position. Such adjustments consist of normal, recurring accruals recorded to accurately match expenses with their related revenue streams and the elimination of all significant intercompany transactions and balances.

We have evaluated events that occurred after September 30, 2017, for recognition or disclosure in our financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.

Schedules may not foot due to rounding.

Estimates

We based certain accounts and balances within these financial statements upon our estimates and assumptions. The amount of reserves for claims not yet paid, for example, is an item that we can only record by estimation. Unrealized capital gains and losses on investments are subject to market fluctuations, and we use judgment in the determination of whether unrealized losses on certain securities are temporary or other-than-temporary. Should actual results differ significantly from these estimates, the effect on our results of operations could be material. The results of operations for the periods presented may not be indicative of our results for the entire year.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In March 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for employee share-based payments. The guidance addresses the recognition, presentation and classification of awards, forfeitures and shares withheld for tax purposes. We adopted the change to the presentation of excess tax benefits on the consolidated statements of cash flow retrospectively and all other portions of the standard prospectively as of January 1, 2017. We reclassified $0.2 million of excess tax benefits from financing activities to operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2017 the FASB issued an ASU related to the amortization of premium on purchased callable debt securities. The guidance amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. Securities that contain explicit, noncontingent call features that are callable at fixed prices and on preset dates should shorten the amortization period for the premium to the earliest call date (and if the call option is not exercised, the effective yield is reset using the payment terms of the debt security). The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In October 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the recognition of income tax on intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The guidance requires the income tax to be recognized when the transfer occurs rather than when the asset is sold to an outside party. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within the year of adoption, and is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In June 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for credit losses. The guidance generally requires credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities to be recognized as an allowance rather than as a reduction to the amortized cost of a security. The standard is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within the year of adoption, with prospective application of the ASU required for debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized before the implementation date. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In February 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and is to be applied retrospectively, with an option to use a modified retrospective approach for leases which commenced prior to the effective date of this ASU. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2016 the FASB issued an ASU amending the guidance on classifying and measuring financial instruments. The guidance requires equity securities to be measured at fair value and changes in that fair value to be recognized through net income. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We currently record equity securities at fair value and as of September 30, 2017, we have $16.7 million net unrealized gains, net of tax, recognized as a component of other comprehensive income.

In May 2014 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. Insurance contracts have been excluded from the scope of the guidance. In August 2015 the FASB issued an ASU to defer the effective date from fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. As an insurance-entity, we are largely exempt from the provisions of this standard, with only fee income subject to this new standard. Processing and policy fees, which totaled $19.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, and are largely earned at the inception of the policy under current guidance, will be earned over the life of the policy under the new revenue recognition guidance. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

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Computation Of Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Net Earnings per Share

Computation of Net Earnings per Share

The following table illustrates our computations of basic and diluted net earnings per common share ($ in thousands, except per

share figures):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Net earnings	$	14,978	$	2,753	$	30,671	$	21,476
Average basic shares outstanding	10,993		11,018		11,004		11,022
Basic net earnings per share	$	1.36	$	0.25	$	2.79	$	1.95
Average basic shares outstanding	10,993		11,018		11,004		11,022
Restricted stock not vested	17		27		28		24
Dilutive effect of Performance Share Plan	52		39		63		59
Average diluted shares outstanding	11,062		11,084		11,095		11,105
Diluted net earnings per share	$	1.35	$	0.25	$	2.76	$	1.93

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Fair Value

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value

Fair Value

Fair values of instruments are based on:

(i) quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1);

(ii) quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets (Level 2); or

(iii) valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable in the marketplace (Level 3).

The following tables present, for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, our assets and liabilities for which we report fair value on a recurring basis ($ in thousands):

	Fair Value
September 30, 2017	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	102,356		$	0		$	0		$	102,356
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. government	61,894			0			0			61,894
State and municipal	0			498,849			3,537			502,386
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	0			355,257			0			355,257
Commercial	0			34,890			0			34,890
Total mortgage-backed securities	0			390,148			0			390,148
Asset-backed securities	0			55,906			200			56,106
Corporates	0			437,962			213			438,175
Total fixed maturities	61,894			1,382,865			3,950			1,448,709
Equity securities	100,042			0			0			100,042
Short-term investments	0			2,572			0			2,572
Total cash and investments	$	264,292		$	1,385,437		$	3,950		$	1,653,679
Percentage of total cash and investments	16.0		%	83.8		%	0.2		%	100.0		%
December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	92,800		$	0		$	0		$	92,800
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. government	62,480			5			0			62,485
State and municipal	0			472,471			3,860			476,331
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	0			340,367			0			340,367
Commercial	0			69,801			0			69,801
Total mortgage-backed securities	0			410,169			0			410,169
Asset-backed securities	0			37,196			412			37,608
Corporates	0			402,909			666			403,575
Total fixed maturities	62,480			1,322,749			4,938			1,390,167
Equity securities	90,640			0			0			90,640
Short-term investments	769			2,139			0			2,907
Total cash and investments	$	246,689		$	1,324,888		$	4,938		$	1,576,514
Percentage of total cash and investments	15.6		%	84.0		%	0.3		%	100.0		%

We do not report our long-term debt at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The $292.8 million and $278.7 million fair value of our long-term debt at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, would be included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy if it were reported at fair value.

Level 1 includes cash and cash equivalents, U.S. Treasury securities, an exchange-traded fund and equities held in a rabbi trust which funds our Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan (SERP). Level 2 includes securities whose fair value was determined using observable market inputs. Level 3 securities are comprised of (i) securities for which there is no active or inactive market for similar instruments; (ii) securities whose fair value is determined based on unobservable inputs; and (iii) securities, other than those backed by the U.S. Government, that are not rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). We recognize transfers between levels at the beginning of the reporting period.

A third party nationally recognized pricing service provides the fair value of securities in Level 2. A summary of the significant valuation techniques and market inputs for each class of security follows:

U.S. Government: In determining the fair value for U.S. Government securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events.

State and municipal: In determining the fair value for state and municipal securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events.

Mortgage-backed securities: In determining the fair value for mortgage-backed securities we use the market approach and to a lesser extent the income approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data, industry and economic events and monthly payment information.

Asset-backed securities: In determining the fair value for asset-backed securities we use the market approach and to a lesser extent the income approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data, industry and economic events, monthly payment information and collateral performance.

Corporate: In determining the fair value for corporate securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads (for investment grade securities), observations of equity and credit default swap curves (for high-yield corporates), reference data and industry and economic events.

We review the third party pricing methodologies quarterly and test for significant differences between the market price used to value the security and recent sales activity.

The following tables present the progression in the Level 3 fair value category ($ in thousands):

Three months ended September 30, 2017	State and Municipal			Asset-Backed Securities			Corporates			Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,447		$	249		$	215		$	3,910
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(30		)	0			(0		)	(30		)
Included in other comprehensive income	2			(1		)	(1		)	(0		)
Settlements	0			(48		)	0			(48		)
Transfers in	118			0			0			118
Balance at end of period	$	3,537		$	200		$	213		$	3,950
Three months ended September 30, 2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	626		$	1,959		$	1,107		$	3,692
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(6		)	(0		)	2			(4		)
Included in other comprehensive income	(1		)	1			(16		)	(17		)
Purchases	0			0			0			0
Settlements	0			(125		)	(89		)	(214		)
Transfers in	0			0			0			0
Transfers out	0			(1,339		)	0			(1,339		)
Balance at end of period	$	618		$	495		$	1,005		$	2,118

Nine months ended September 30, 2017	State and Municipal			Asset-Backed Securities			Corporates			Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,860		$	412		$	666		$	4,938
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(90		)	0			2			(89		)
Included in other comprehensive income	14			25			(28		)	11
Purchases	0			4,259			2,000			6,259
Sales	(694		)	0			0			(694		)
Settlements	0			(213		)	(427		)	(640		)
Transfers in	447			0			0			447
Transfers out	0			(4,283		)	(2,000		)	(6,283		)
Balance at end of period	$	3,537		$	200		$	213		$	3,950
Nine months ended September 30, 2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	10		$	0		$	1,524		$	1,534
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(10		)	0			9			(1		)
Included in other comprehensive income	(0		)	2			(42		)	(40		)
Purchases	0			620			0			620
Settlements	(10		)	(125		)	(487		)	(622		)
Transfers in	628			1,338			0			1,966
Transfers out	0			(1,339		)	0			(1,339		)
Balance at end of period	$	618		$	495		$	1,005		$	2,118

Of the $4.0 million fair value of securities in Level 3 at September 30, 2017, which consisted of six securities, we priced two based on non-binding broker quotes and foursecurities, which were included in Level 3 because they were not rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, were priced by a nationally recognized pricing service.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, one security, which was an exchange of a rated municipal bond for an unrated refunded bond, was transferred from Level 2 into Level 3, and zero security was transferred from Level 2 into Level 3 because it was not rated by a recognized statistical rating organization. There were no transfers of securities between Levels 1 and 2. Zero security was transferred from Level 2 into Level 3 during the first quarter of 2016 because a price could not be determined using observable market inputs. However, during the third quarter of 2016, a price was obtained using market observable inputs and the security was transferred back into Level 2.

The gains or losses included in net earnings are included in the line item "Net realized (losses) gains on investments" in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. We recognize the net gains or losses included in other comprehensive income in the line item "Unrealized gains on investments, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and the line item "Change in unrealized gain on investments" or the line item "Change in non-credit component of impairment losses on fixed maturities" in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	102,356	$	102,356	$	92,800	$	92,800
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturities	1,448,709		1,448,709		1,390,167		1,390,167
Equity securities	100,042		100,042		90,640		90,640
Short-term investments	2,572		2,572		2,907		2,907
Total cash and investments	$	1,653,679	$	1,653,679	$	1,576,514	$	1,576,514
Liabilities:
Long-term debt	$	273,753	$	292,782	$	273,591	$	278,726

Refer to Note 4 – Investments to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on investments and Note 5 – Long-Term Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on long-term debt.

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Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments

Investments

We consider all fixed maturity and equity securities to be available-for-sale and report them at fair value with the net unrealized gains or losses reported after-tax (net of any valuation allowance) as a component of other comprehensive income. The proceeds from sales of securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, were $44.2 million and $172.8 million respectively, while the proceeds from sales of securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, were $68.0 million and $276.8 million, respectively. The proceeds for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were net of $2.0 million of receivable for unsettled sales as of September 30, 2017. The proceeds for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, were net of $1.7 million of receivable for securities sold during the third quarter of 2016 that had not settled as of September 30, 2016.

Gross gains of $0.3 million and gross losses of $0.7 million were realized on sales of available-for-sale securities during the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared with gross gains of $1.3 million and gross losses of $42.0 thousand realized on sales during the three months ended September 30, 2016. Gross gains of $3.3 million and gross losses of $1.3 million were realized on sales of available-for-sale securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with gross gains of $3.5 million and gross losses of $1.9 million realized on sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Gains or losses on securities are determined on a specific identification basis.

Summarized information for the major categories of our investment portfolio follows ($ in thousands):

September 30, 2017	Amortized Cost or Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI(1)
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	$	62,099	$	49	$	(254	)	$	61,894	$	0
State and municipal	497,868		5,336		(818		)	502,386		(46		)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	356,172		2,592		(3,507		)	355,257		(1,823		)
Commercial	35,292		38		(440		)	34,890		0
Total mortgage-backed securities	391,463		2,631		(3,946		)	390,148		(1,823		)
Asset-backed securities	56,031		114		(39		)	56,106		(8		)
Corporates	431,742		6,922		(490		)	438,175		(31		)
Total fixed maturities	1,439,204		15,053		(5,548		)	1,448,709		(1,909		)
Equity securities	74,347		25,695		0			100,042		0
Short-term investments	2,574		0		(2		)	2,572		0
Total	$	1,516,125	$	40,748	$	(5,550	)	$	1,551,323	$	(1,909	)
December 31, 2016
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	$	62,808	$	55	$	(377	)	$	62,485	$	0
State and municipal	477,834		2,313		(3,816		)	476,331		(51		)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	343,095		2,306		(5,034		)	340,367		(1,967		)
Commercial	70,676		63		(939		)	69,801		0
Total mortgage-backed securities	413,772		2,369		(5,972		)	410,169		(1,967		)
Asset-backed securities	37,562		93		(47		)	37,608		(8		)
Corporates	400,685		4,389		(1,499		)	403,575		(41		)
Total fixed maturities	1,392,660		9,219		(11,711		)	1,390,167		(2,068		)
Equity securities	77,013		13,627		0			90,640		0
Short-term investments	2,909		0		(2		)	2,907		0
Total	$	1,472,582	$	22,846	$	(11,713	)	$	1,483,714	$	(2,068	)
(1) The total non-credit portion of OTTI recognized in Accumulated OCI reflecting the original non-credit loss at the time the credit impairment was determined.

The following tables set forth the amount of unrealized loss by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position ($ in thousands):

	Less than 12 Months								12 Months or More
September 30, 2017	Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Unrealized Losses as % of Cost		Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Unrealized Losses as % of Cost
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	23	$	44,656	$	(162	)	0.4	%	9	$	4,489	$	(93	)	2.0	%
State and municipal	60	119,086		(491		)	0.4	%	16	35,590		(328		)	0.9	%
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	315	158,772		(2,004		)	1.2	%	94	50,661		(1,503		)	2.9	%
Commercial	3	7,719		(87		)	1.1	%	7	19,659		(353		)	1.8	%
Total mortgage-backed securities	318	166,491		(2,091		)	1.2	%	101	70,320		(1,855		)	2.6	%
Asset-backed securities	19	21,159		(32		)	0.1	%	3	2,534		(7		)	0.3	%
Corporates	48	67,708		(306		)	0.4	%	19	20,627		(184		)	0.9	%
Total fixed maturities	468	419,100		(3,081		)	0.7	%	148	133,560		(2,467		)	1.8	%
Short-term investments	2	2,572		(2		)	0.5	%	0	0		0			0.0	%
Total	470	$	421,672	$	(3,083	)	0.7	%	148	$	133,560	$	(2,467	)	1.8	%
December 31, 2016
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	31	$	47,640	$	(377	)	0.8	%	0	$	0	$	0		0.0	%
State and municipal	146	303,428		(3,816		)	1.2	%	0	0		0			0.0	%
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	381	225,117		(4,559		)	2.0	%	40	11,891		(474		)	3.8	%
Commercial	14	38,002		(788		)	2.0	%	7	26,537		(150		)	0.6	%
Total mortgage-backed securities	395	263,119		(5,347		)	2.0	%	47	38,428		(625		)	1.6	%
Asset-backed securities	9	7,836		(46		)	0.6	%	1	519		(1		)	0.1	%
Corporates	98	145,089		(1,272		)	0.9	%	7	7,745		(227		)	2.8	%
Total fixed maturities	679	767,112		(10,859		)	1.4	%	55	46,693		(852		)	1.8	%
Short-term investments	3	2,907		(2		)	0.1	%	0	0		0			0.0	%
Total	682	$	770,019	$	(10,861	)	1.4	%	55	$	46,693	$	(852	)	1.8	%

The determination of whether unrealized losses are “other-than-temporary” requires judgment based on subjective as well as objective factors. Factors we considered and resources we used in our determination include:

• whether the unrealized loss is credit-driven or a result of changes in market interest rates;

• the length of time the security’s market value has been below its cost;

• the extent to which fair value is less than cost basis;

• the intent to sell the security;

• whether it is more likely than not that there will be a requirement to sell the security before its anticipated recovery;

• historical operating, balance sheet and cash flow data contained in issuer SEC filings;

• issuer news releases;

• near-term prospects for improvement in the issuer and/or its industry;

• industry research and communications with industry specialists; and

• third-party research and credit rating reports.

We regularly evaluate for potential impairment each security position that has either of the following: a fair value of less than 95% of its book value or an unrealized loss that equals or exceeds $100,000.

The following table summarizes those securities, excluding the rabbi trust, with unrealized gains or losses:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Number of positions held with unrealized:
Gains	728		527
Losses	618		737
Number of positions held that individually exceed unrealized:
Gains of $500,000	2		1
Losses of $500,000	0		0
Percentage of positions held with unrealized:
Gains that were investment grade	85	%	85	%
Losses that were investment grade	97	%	97	%
Percentage of fair value held with unrealized:
Gains that were investment grade	86	%	84	%
Losses that were investment grade	97	%	97	%

The following table sets forth the amount of unrealized losses, excluding the rabbi trust, by age and severity at September 30, 2017 ($ in thousands):

Age of Unrealized Losses	Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses		Total Gross Unrealized Losses			Less  Than 5%*			5% - 10%*			Total Gross Greater Than 10%*
Three months or less	$	262,514	$	(943	)	$	(943	)	$	0		$	0
Four months through six months	13,342		(46		)	(46		)	0			0
Seven months through nine months	4,313		(24		)	(18		)	(6		)	0
Ten months through twelve months	186,054		(2,999		)	(2,999		)	0			0
Greater than twelve months	89,009		(1,537		)	(1,408		)	(129		)	(0		)
Total	$	555,232	$	(5,550	)	$	(5,415	)	$	(135	)	$	(0	)

* As a percentage of amortized cost or cost.

The change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities included the following ($ in thousands):

	Pre-tax
Nine months ended September 30, 2017	Fixed Maturities			Equity Securities			Short-Term Investments			Tax Effects			Net
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during the period	$	11,805		$	14,223		$	1		$	(9,110	)	$	16,919
Realized losses (gains) on securities sold	161			(2,155		)	(1		)	698			(1,297		)
Impairment loss recognized in earnings	31			0			0			(11		)	20
Change in unrealized, net	$	11,998		$	12,068		$	(0	)	$	(8,423	)	$	15,643
Nine months ended September 30, 2016
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during the period	$	25,941		$	5,047		$	0		$	(10,846	)	$	20,143
Realized (gains) losses on securities sold	(1,106		)	(470		)	3			551			(1,023		)
Impairment loss recognized in earnings	316			0			0			(111		)	205
Change in unrealized, net	$	25,151		$	4,577		$	3		$	(10,406	)	$	19,325

For fixed maturity securities that are other-than-temporarily impaired, we assess our intent to sell and the likelihood that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of our amortized cost. If a fixed maturity security is considered other-than-temporarily impaired but we do not intend to and are not more than likely to be required to sell the security before our recovery to amortized cost, the amount of the impairment is separated into a credit loss component and the amount due to all other factors ("non-credit component"). The excess of the amortized cost over the present value of the expected cash flows determines the credit loss component of an impairment charge on a fixed maturity security. The present value is determined using the best estimate of cash flows discounted at (i) the effective interest rate implicit at the date of acquisition for non-structured securities; or (ii) the book yield for structured securities. The techniques and assumptions for determining the best estimate of cash flows vary depending on the type of security. We recognize the credit loss component of an impairment charge in net earnings and the non-credit component in accumulated other comprehensive income. If we intend to sell or will, more likely than not, be required to sell a security, the entire amount of the impairment is treated as a credit loss.

For our securities held with unrealized losses, we believe, based on our analysis, that we will recover our cost basis in these securities and we do not intend to sell the securities nor is it more likely than not that there will be a requirement to sell the securities before they recover in value.

The following table is a progression of credit losses on fixed maturity securities that were bifurcated between a credit and non-credit component ($ in thousands):

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Beginning balance	$	557		$	683
Additions for:
Newly impaired securities	13			0
Reductions for:
Securities sold and paid down	(98		)	(105		)
Ending balance	$	472		$	579

The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of fixed maturity securities at September 30, 2017, based on their fair values ($ in thousands). We report securities that do not have a single maturity date at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.

	Fair Value								Amortized Cost
Maturity	Securities with Unrealized Gains		Securities with Unrealized Losses		Securities with No Unrealized Gains or Losses		All Fixed Maturity Securities		All Fixed Maturity Securities
One year or less	$	36,440	$	24,407	$	5,699	$	66,545	$	66,395
After one year through five years	477,237		211,513		1,656		690,405		684,589
After five years through ten years	186,952		56,236		0		243,188		238,518
After ten years	2,317		0		0		2,317		2,207
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities	185,749		260,504		0		446,253		447,494
Total	$	888,695	$	552,659	$	7,354	$	1,448,709	$	1,439,204

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Long-Term Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term Debt

($ in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Principal	$	275,000	$	275,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	1,247		1,409
Long-term debt less unamortized debt issuance costs	$	273,753	$	273,591

In September 2012 we issued $275 million principal of senior notes due September 2022 (the “5.0% Senior Notes”). The 5.0% Senior Notes accrue interest at 5.0%, payable semiannually. At the time we issued the 5.0% Senior Notes, we capitalized $2.2 million of debt issuance costs, which we are amortizing over the term of the 5.0% Senior Notes. We calculated the September 30, 2017, fair value of $292.8 million using a 123 basis point spread to the 10-year U.S. Treasury Note Yield of 2.335%.

In August 2017 we renewed our agreement for a $50 millionthree-year revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) that requires us to meet certain financial and other covenants. We are currently in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement, and as of September 30, 2017, there were no borrowings outstanding against it.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The following is a reconciliation of income taxes at the statutory rate of 35.0% to the effective provision for income taxes as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Earnings before income taxes	$	21,683		$	3,196		$	43,320		$	30,012
Income taxes at statutory rate	7,589			1,119			15,162			10,504
Effect of:
Dividends-received deduction	(104		)	(101		)	(318		)	(322		)
Tax-exempt interest	(595		)	(600		)	(1,844		)	(1,858		)
Other	(185		)	24			(350		)	212
Provision for income taxes as shown on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings	$	6,704		$	442		$	12,649		$	8,536
GAAP effective tax rate	30.9		%	13.8		%	29.2		%	28.4		%

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Additional Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Additional Information

Additional Information

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

We made the following payments that we do not separately disclose in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Income tax payments	$	6,575	$	3,100	$	19,475	$	6,651
Interest payments on debt	6,875		6,875		13,750		13,750
Interest payments on capital leases	18		18		58		57

Negative Cash Book Balances

Negative cash book balances, included in the line item “Other liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $63.5 million and $40.6 million at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.

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Insurance Reserves

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Insurance [Abstract]

Insurance Reserves

Insurance Reserves

Insurance reserves include liabilities for unpaid losses, both known and estimated for incurred but not reported (IBNR), and unpaid loss adjustment expenses (LAE). The following table provides an analysis of changes in the liability for unpaid losses and LAE on a GAAP basis ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Balance at Beginning of Period
Unpaid losses on known claims	$	235,400		$	236,947		$	238,412		$	237,660
IBNR losses	323,184			290,767			306,641			290,097
LAE	142,513			138,496			140,402			142,207
Total unpaid losses and LAE	701,097			666,210			685,455			669,965
Reinsurance recoverables	(17,425		)	(18,487		)	(17,130		)	(14,694		)
Unpaid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverables	683,673			647,723			668,325			655,271
Current Activity
Loss and LAE incurred:
Current accident year	267,319			281,456			824,719			828,310
Prior accident years	(4,134		)	(590		)	(17,237		)	(18,646		)
Total loss and LAE incurred	263,186			280,866			807,482			809,664
Loss and LAE payments:
Current accident year	(186,335		)	(197,437		)	(447,115		)	(461,020		)
Prior accident years	(64,324		)	(72,205		)	(332,493		)	(344,969		)
Total loss and LAE payments	(250,659		)	(269,642		)	(779,608		)	(805,989		)
Balance at End of Period
Unpaid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverables	696,199			658,946			696,199			658,946
Add back reinsurance recoverables	33,080			17,580			33,080			17,580
Total unpaid losses and LAE	729,280			676,526			729,280			676,526
Unpaid losses on known claims	255,368			240,935			255,368			240,935
IBNR losses	330,553			299,143			330,553			299,143
LAE	143,359			136,449			143,359			136,449
Total unpaid losses and LAE	$	729,280		$	676,526		$	729,280		$	676,526

Contributing to the $4.1 million and $17.2 million of favorable reserve development during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, was a decrease in ultimate severity estimates in California related to bodily injury and material damage coverages for accident year 2016. Also contributing to the $17.2 million of favorable reserve development for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was a decrease in ultimate frequency estimates in Florida related to material damage and uninsured motorist bodily injury coverage for accident year 2016. This favorable development was partially offset by increases in ultimate severity estimates in bodily injury coverages in our commercial auto product.

The $0.6 million and $18.6 million of favorable reserve development during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, was primarily due to decreases in severity estimates related to Florida personal injury protection and bodily injury coverages related to accident years 2015 and prior, partially offset by unfavorable development from accident year 2015 in California material damage coverages and in bodily injury coverages in our commercial auto product, driven by an increase in severity.

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Commitments And Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

There have been no material changes from the commitments discussed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. For a description of our previously reported commitments, refer to Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Contingencies

From time to time, we and our subsidiaries are named as defendants in various lawsuits incidental to our insurance operations. We consider legal actions relating to claims made in the ordinary course of seeking indemnification for a loss covered by the insurance policy in establishing loss and LAE reserves.

We also face in the ordinary course of business lawsuits that seek damages beyond policy limits, commonly known as extra-contractual claims, as well as class action and individual lawsuits that involve issues not unlike those facing other insurance companies and employers.

We continually evaluate potential liabilities and reserves for litigation of these types using the criteria established by the Contingencies topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Under this guidance, we may only record reserves for a loss if the likelihood of occurrence is probable and we can reasonably estimate the amount or range of the loss. When disclosing litigation or claims where a material loss is judged to be reasonably possible, we will disclose an estimated range of loss or state that an estimate cannot be made. We consider each legal action using this guidance and record reserves for losses as warranted by establishing a reserve captured within our Consolidated Balance Sheets line-items “Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses” for extra-contractual claims and “Other liabilities” for class action and other non-claims related lawsuits. We record amounts incurred on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings within “Losses and loss adjustment expenses” for extra-contractual claims and “Other expenses” for class action and other non-claims related lawsuits.

The following legal actions have been brought against us for which we have accrued no loss, and for which an estimate of a possible range of loss cannot be made under the above rules. While it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these lawsuits, we do not believe they are likely to have a material effect on our financial condition or liquidity. However, losses incurred because of these cases could have a material adverse impact on net earnings in a given period.

In Reyes v. Infinity Indemnity Insurance Company (Circuit Court of Miami-Dade County, Florida), which was initially filed on June 4, 2014, a third-party claimant is attempting to recover from Infinity a $30 million consent judgment obtained against an Infinity policyholder for personal injuries suffered by the claimant. In December 2014 the trial court granted Infinity's motion for partial summary judgment, finding the consent judgment unenforceable and that no bad faith claim could exist as a matter of law. The plaintiff successfully appealed that ruling. Petitions for Rehearing and for Certiorari Review by the Florida Supreme Court were denied on March 10, 2017 and June 14, 2017, respectively sending the matter back to the trial court, where resumed litigation is expected to focus next on the issues of coverage and duty to defend. We will continue to vigorously defend against all claims in this case.

As of September 30, 2017, pending putative (i.e., not certified) class action lawsuits that challenge certain of Infinity’s business operations and practices included the following:

• allegations we sold a lessor liability endorsement affording only illusory coverage.

• a challenge to denial of personal injury protection benefits to a class of injured third parties in vehicle accidents.

• a challenge to our payment of a percentage of arbitration awards to collection agencies in successful intercompany arbitrations.

• allegations that we are obligated to reimburse Medicare or secondary payers for accident-related medical payments in which personal injury protection benefits were denied.

In addition to lawsuits, regulatory bodies, including state insurance departments and the Securities and Exchange Commission, among others, may make inquiries, investigate consumer complaints or conduct on-site examinations concerning specific business practices or compliance more generally. Such inquiries, investigations or examinations have in the past and may in the future directly or indirectly result in regulatory orders requiring remedial, injunctive or other actions or the assessment of substantial fines or other penalties.

During the first quarter of 2017, as a result of our review of certain business practices surrounding a California consumer complaint to the California Department of Insurance (CDI), a $3.8 million adjustment was made to written and earned premium, reflecting premium to be returned to policyholders.

During the second quarter, the CDI inquired about how we estimate and adjust an insured's annual mileage driven. Under California's auto insurance regulations, annual miles driven is one of three mandatory factors used to determine insurance premium rates. Although we believe we are in compliance with applicable regulations, we opted to revise the methodology we employ during the renewal process for estimating changes in annual miles. This change resulted in lowering mileage on approximately 200,000 policies renewed predominately in years 2016 and 2017, and correspondingly lowering rates on those policies. Any excess premiums collected were returned to policyholders, which resulted in premium adjustments to written and earned premium for the second quarter of $18.3 million and $12.4 million, respectively. While we believe our policies fully comply with all state regulations, given the broad administrative and interpretative powers of state insurance departments, future and unanticipated judicial, regulatory or legislative changes may raise challenges over established rate, underwriting or claims practices.   

For a description of previously reported contingencies, refer to Note 14 Commitments and Contingencies in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The components of other comprehensive income before and after tax are as follows ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2017									2016
	Before Tax			Income Tax			Net			Before Tax			Income Tax			Net
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, beginning of period	$	1,007		$	(353	)	$	655		$	923		$	(323	)	$	600
Effect on other comprehensive income	(13		)	4			(8		)	(11		)	4			(7		)
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, end of period	995			(348		)	647			912			(319		)	593
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, beginning of period	28,457			(9,960		)	18,497			37,383			(13,084		)	24,299
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	6,310			(2,209		)	4,102			4,702			(1,646		)	3,056
Reclassification adjustment for other-than-temporary impairments included in net income	22			(8		)	14			0			0			0
Reclassification adjustment for realized losses (gains) included in net income	410			(143		)	266			(1,282		)	449			(833		)
Effect on other comprehensive income	6,742			(2,360		)	4,382			3,420			(1,197		)	2,223
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, end of period	35,198			(12,319		)	22,879			40,803			(14,281		)	26,522
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	29,464			(10,312		)	19,152			38,306			(13,407		)	24,899
Change in post-retirement benefit liability	(13		)	4			(8		)	(11		)	4			(7		)
Change in unrealized gains on investments, net	6,742			(2,360		)	4,382			3,420			(1,197		)	2,223
Effect on other comprehensive income	6,729			(2,355		)	4,374			3,409			(1,193		)	2,216
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	$	36,193		$	(12,668	)	$	23,526		$	41,715		$	(14,600	)	$	27,115

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017									2016
	Before Tax			Income Tax			Net			Before Tax			Income Tax			Net
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, beginning of period	$	1,033		$	(361	)	$	671		$	944		$	(331	)	$	614
Effect on other comprehensive income	(38		)	13			(24		)	(32		)	11			(21		)
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, end of period	995			(348		)	647			912			(319		)	593
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, beginning of period	11,133			(3,896		)	7,236			11,072			(3,875		)	7,197
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	26,030			(9,110		)	16,919			30,989			(10,846		)	20,143
Reclassification adjustment for other-than-temporary impairments included in net income	31			(11		)	20			316			(111		)	205
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains included in net income	(1,996		)	698			(1,297		)	(1,573		)	551			(1,023		)
Effect on other comprehensive income	24,066			(8,423		)	15,643			29,731			(10,406		)	19,325
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, end of period	35,198			(12,319		)	22,879			40,803			(14,281		)	26,522
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	12,165			(4,258		)	7,907			12,016			(4,206		)	7,811
Change in post-retirement benefit liability	(38		)	13			(24		)	(32		)	11			(21		)
Change in unrealized gains on investments, net	24,066			(8,423		)	15,643			29,731			(10,406		)	19,325
Effect on other comprehensive income	24,028			(8,410		)	15,618			29,699			(10,395		)	19,304
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	$	36,193		$	(12,668	)	$	23,526		$	41,715		$	(14,600	)	$	27,115

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Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

We manage our business based on product line and have three operating segments: Personal Auto, Commercial Auto and Classic Collector (our reportable segments are Personal Auto and Commercial Auto).

Our Personal Auto product provides coverage to individuals for liability to others for bodily injury and property damage and for physical damage to an insured's own vehicle from collision and various other perils. In addition, some states require policies to provide for first party personal injury protection, frequently referred to as no-fault coverage.

Our Commercial Auto product provides coverage to businesses for liability to others for bodily injury and property damage and for physical damage to vehicles from collision and various other perils. We primarily target businesses with fleets of 20 or fewer vehicles and average 1.9 vehicles per policy. We avoid businesses that are involved in what we consider to be hazardous operations or interstate commerce.

Our Classic Collector product provides coverage to individuals with classic or antique automobiles for liability to others for bodily injury and property damage and for physical damage to an insured's own vehicle from collision and various other perils.

All segment revenues are generated from external customers. The following table provides revenues by segment and a reconciliation to "Total revenues" as reported on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
Gross written premium:	2017			2016			2017			2016
Personal Auto	$	319,242		$	319,771		$	920,522		$	951,925
Commercial Auto	38,617			35,326			123,207			107,975
Classic Collector	4,358			4,280			12,979			12,406
Total gross written premium	362,217			359,377			1,056,709			1,072,306
Ceded reinsurance:
Personal Auto	(1,627		)	(977		)	(3,615		)	(2,989		)
Commercial Auto(1)	(1,311		)	(1,137		)	(1,470		)	(2,887		)
Classic Collector	(275		)	(198		)	(696		)	(635		)
Total ceded reinsurance	(3,213		)	(2,312		)	(5,782		)	(6,511		)
Net written premium:
Personal Auto	317,615			318,794			916,907			948,936
Commercial Auto	37,306			34,190			121,737			105,088
Classic Collector	4,084			4,081			12,283			11,771
Total net written premium	359,004			357,065			1,050,927			1,065,795
Change in unearned premium:
Personal Auto	(14,075		)	(13,652		)	(12,532		)	(34,081		)
Commercial Auto	307			(881		)	(12,071		)	(11,869		)
Classic Collector	(272		)	(362		)	(844		)	(775		)
Total change in unearned premium	(14,040		)	(14,895		)	(25,447		)	(46,725		)
Earned premium:
Personal Auto	303,540			305,142			904,375			914,855
Commercial Auto	37,612			33,309			109,666			93,219
Classic Collector	3,812			3,720			11,439			10,996
Total earned premium	344,964			342,171			1,025,480			1,019,070
Installment and other fee income:
Personal Auto	23,133			23,760			70,839			69,783
Commercial Auto	2,889			2,537			8,593			7,417
Classic Collector	0			0			0			0
Total installment and other fee income	26,022			26,297			79,432			77,200
Net investment income	9,771			8,125			27,467			25,115
Net realized gains on investments	(431		)	1,282			1,964			1,257
Other income	376			249			1,041			727
Total revenues	$	380,701		$	378,124		$	1,135,385		$	1,123,370
(1) Effective June 1, 2017, the premium paid for our excess of loss reinsurance contract for our commercial auto business is now based on earned premium rather than written premium. Premium ceded during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes the return of $2.6 million of unearned premium due to the termination of the previous excess of loss contract.

Our management uses underwriting income and combined ratios calculated on a statutory accident year basis as primary measures of profitability. Statutory accident year underwriting income is calculated by subtracting losses and loss adjustment expenses and commissions and other underwriting expenses (including bad debt charge-offs on agents' balances and premium receivables) from the total of earned premium and installment and other fee income. The statutory accident year combined ratio represents the sum of the following ratios: (i) losses and LAE incurred, excluding development from prior accident years, as a percentage of net earned premium; and (ii) underwriting expenses incurred, including bad debt and net of fees, as a percentage of net written premium.

The primary differences between the calculation of the statutory accident year used by management and the statutory calendar year combined ratios is the exclusion of bad debt charge-offs and the inclusion of development on prior accident year loss and LAE reserves.

Certain expenses are treated differently under statutory accounting principles. Under GAAP, commissions, premium taxes and other variable costs incurred in connection with successfully writing new and renewal business are capitalized as deferred policy acquisition costs and amortized on a pro rata basis over the period in which the related premium is earned. On a statutory basis, these items are expensed as incurred. Additionally, bad debt charge-offs on agents' balances and premium receivables are included in the GAAP combined ratios.

The following tables present the underwriting income and combined ratio on a statutory accident year basis with reconciliations to "Earnings before income taxes" as presented on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings ($ in thousands). We do not allocate assets or "Provision for income taxes" to operating segments.

	Three months ended September 30, 2017
	Personal Auto				Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)		Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	14,571	94.4	%	$	156		99.7	%	$	(1,268	)	130.9	%	$	13,459		95.4	%
Bad debt charge-offs	3,302				588					9					3,900
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	4,803				(907		)			237					4,134
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	22,676		91.7	%	(162		)	100.6	%	(1,022		)	124.4	%	21,492			93.1	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences															(3,013		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income															18,479			94.6	%
Net investment income															9,771
Net realized gains on investments															(431		)
Other income															376
Interest expense															(3,510		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses															(2,158		)
Other expenses															(844		)
Earnings before income taxes															$	21,683
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

	Three months ended September 30, 2016
	Personal Auto					Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	(2,394	)	100.0	%	$	(336	)	100.5	%	$	(87	)	99.0	%	$	(2,817	)	100.1	%
Bad debt charge-offs	3,682					509					21					4,212
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	5,997					(5,315		)			(92		)			590
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	7,285			96.8	%	(5,142		)	115.0	%	(157		)	100.9	%	1,985			98.7	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences																(2,795		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income																(810		)	100.2	%
Net investment income																8,125
Net realized gains on investments																1,282
Other income																249
Interest expense																(3,507		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses																(1,768		)
Other expenses																(375		)
Earnings before income taxes																$	3,196
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

	Nine months ended September 30, 2017
	Personal Auto				Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)		Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	13,780	98.2	%	$	1,992		96.3	%	$	(990	)	106.1	%	$	14,782		98.1	%
Bad debt charge-offs	9,225				1,345					20					10,590
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	20,849				(4,015		)			404					17,237
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	43,854		94.9	%	(679		)	98.9	%	(566		)	102.4	%	42,610			95.4	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences															(10,681		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income															31,929			96.9	%
Net investment income															27,467
Net realized gains on investments															1,964
Other income															1,041
Interest expense															(10,533		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses															(6,876		)
Other expenses															(1,673		)
Earnings before income taxes															$	43,320
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

	Nine months ended September 30, 2016
	Personal Auto					Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	(978	)	99.5	%	$	(1,816	)	99.6	%	$	731		91.1	%	$	(2,063	)	99.4	%
Bad debt charge-offs	11,048					1,322					39					12,409
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	21,077					(2,393		)			(39		)			18,646
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	31,148			95.9	%	(2,887		)	100.9	%	731			91.1	%	28,992			96.4	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences																(8,568		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income																20,424			98.0	%
Net investment income																25,115
Net realized gains on investments																1,257
Other income																727
Interest expense																(10,524		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses																(5,532		)
Other expenses																(1,455		)
Earnings before income taxes																$	30,012
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

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Significant Reporting And Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Consolidation and Reporting

Basis of Consolidation and Reporting

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2016. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, focuses on our financial performance since the beginning of the year.

These financial statements reflect certain adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of our results of operations and financial position. Such adjustments consist of normal, recurring accruals recorded to accurately match expenses with their related revenue streams and the elimination of all significant intercompany transactions and balances.

We have evaluated events that occurred after September 30, 2017, for recognition or disclosure in our financial statements and the notes to the financial statements.

Schedules may not foot due to rounding.

Estimates

Estimates

We based certain accounts and balances within these financial statements upon our estimates and assumptions. The amount of reserves for claims not yet paid, for example, is an item that we can only record by estimation. Unrealized capital gains and losses on investments are subject to market fluctuations, and we use judgment in the determination of whether unrealized losses on certain securities are temporary or other-than-temporary. Should actual results differ significantly from these estimates, the effect on our results of operations could be material. The results of operations for the periods presented may not be indicative of our results for the entire year.

Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In March 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for employee share-based payments. The guidance addresses the recognition, presentation and classification of awards, forfeitures and shares withheld for tax purposes. We adopted the change to the presentation of excess tax benefits on the consolidated statements of cash flow retrospectively and all other portions of the standard prospectively as of January 1, 2017. We reclassified $0.2 million of excess tax benefits from financing activities to operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2017 the FASB issued an ASU related to the amortization of premium on purchased callable debt securities. The guidance amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. Securities that contain explicit, noncontingent call features that are callable at fixed prices and on preset dates should shorten the amortization period for the premium to the earliest call date (and if the call option is not exercised, the effective yield is reset using the payment terms of the debt security). The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In October 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the recognition of income tax on intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The guidance requires the income tax to be recognized when the transfer occurs rather than when the asset is sold to an outside party. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within the year of adoption, and is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In June 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for credit losses. The guidance generally requires credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities to be recognized as an allowance rather than as a reduction to the amortized cost of a security. The standard is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within the year of adoption, with prospective application of the ASU required for debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized before the implementation date. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In February 2016 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and is to be applied retrospectively, with an option to use a modified retrospective approach for leases which commenced prior to the effective date of this ASU. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2016 the FASB issued an ASU amending the guidance on classifying and measuring financial instruments. The guidance requires equity securities to be measured at fair value and changes in that fair value to be recognized through net income. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We currently record equity securities at fair value and as of September 30, 2017, we have $16.7 million net unrealized gains, net of tax, recognized as a component of other comprehensive income.

In May 2014 the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. Insurance contracts have been excluded from the scope of the guidance. In August 2015 the FASB issued an ASU to defer the effective date from fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. As an insurance-entity, we are largely exempt from the provisions of this standard, with only fee income subject to this new standard. Processing and policy fees, which totaled $19.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, and are largely earned at the inception of the policy under current guidance, will be earned over the life of the policy under the new revenue recognition guidance. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

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Computation of Net Earnings per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Earnings Per Common Share

The following table illustrates our computations of basic and diluted net earnings per common share ($ in thousands, except per

share figures):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Net earnings	$	14,978	$	2,753	$	30,671	$	21,476
Average basic shares outstanding	10,993		11,018		11,004		11,022
Basic net earnings per share	$	1.36	$	0.25	$	2.79	$	1.95
Average basic shares outstanding	10,993		11,018		11,004		11,022
Restricted stock not vested	17		27		28		24
Dilutive effect of Performance Share Plan	52		39		63		59
Average diluted shares outstanding	11,062		11,084		11,095		11,105
Diluted net earnings per share	$	1.35	$	0.25	$	2.76	$	1.93

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Fair Value (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair value by hierarchy

The following tables present, for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, our assets and liabilities for which we report fair value on a recurring basis ($ in thousands):

	Fair Value
September 30, 2017	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	102,356		$	0		$	0		$	102,356
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. government	61,894			0			0			61,894
State and municipal	0			498,849			3,537			502,386
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	0			355,257			0			355,257
Commercial	0			34,890			0			34,890
Total mortgage-backed securities	0			390,148			0			390,148
Asset-backed securities	0			55,906			200			56,106
Corporates	0			437,962			213			438,175
Total fixed maturities	61,894			1,382,865			3,950			1,448,709
Equity securities	100,042			0			0			100,042
Short-term investments	0			2,572			0			2,572
Total cash and investments	$	264,292		$	1,385,437		$	3,950		$	1,653,679
Percentage of total cash and investments	16.0		%	83.8		%	0.2		%	100.0		%
December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	92,800		$	0		$	0		$	92,800
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. government	62,480			5			0			62,485
State and municipal	0			472,471			3,860			476,331
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	0			340,367			0			340,367
Commercial	0			69,801			0			69,801
Total mortgage-backed securities	0			410,169			0			410,169
Asset-backed securities	0			37,196			412			37,608
Corporates	0			402,909			666			403,575
Total fixed maturities	62,480			1,322,749			4,938			1,390,167
Equity securities	90,640			0			0			90,640
Short-term investments	769			2,139			0			2,907
Total cash and investments	$	246,689		$	1,324,888		$	4,938		$	1,576,514
Percentage of total cash and investments	15.6		%	84.0		%	0.3		%	100.0		%

Fair value level 3 reconciliation

The following tables present the progression in the Level 3 fair value category ($ in thousands):

Three months ended September 30, 2017	State and Municipal			Asset-Backed Securities			Corporates			Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,447		$	249		$	215		$	3,910
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(30		)	0			(0		)	(30		)
Included in other comprehensive income	2			(1		)	(1		)	(0		)
Settlements	0			(48		)	0			(48		)
Transfers in	118			0			0			118
Balance at end of period	$	3,537		$	200		$	213		$	3,950
Three months ended September 30, 2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	626		$	1,959		$	1,107		$	3,692
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(6		)	(0		)	2			(4		)
Included in other comprehensive income	(1		)	1			(16		)	(17		)
Purchases	0			0			0			0
Settlements	0			(125		)	(89		)	(214		)
Transfers in	0			0			0			0
Transfers out	0			(1,339		)	0			(1,339		)
Balance at end of period	$	618		$	495		$	1,005		$	2,118

Nine months ended September 30, 2017	State and Municipal			Asset-Backed Securities			Corporates			Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,860		$	412		$	666		$	4,938
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(90		)	0			2			(89		)
Included in other comprehensive income	14			25			(28		)	11
Purchases	0			4,259			2,000			6,259
Sales	(694		)	0			0			(694		)
Settlements	0			(213		)	(427		)	(640		)
Transfers in	447			0			0			447
Transfers out	0			(4,283		)	(2,000		)	(6,283		)
Balance at end of period	$	3,537		$	200		$	213		$	3,950
Nine months ended September 30, 2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	10		$	0		$	1,524		$	1,534
Total (losses) gains, unrealized or realized
Included in net earnings	(10		)	0			9			(1		)
Included in other comprehensive income	(0		)	2			(42		)	(40		)
Purchases	0			620			0			620
Settlements	(10		)	(125		)	(487		)	(622		)
Transfers in	628			1,338			0			1,966
Transfers out	0			(1,339		)	0			(1,339		)
Balance at end of period	$	618		$	495		$	1,005		$	2,118

Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	102,356	$	102,356	$	92,800	$	92,800
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturities	1,448,709		1,448,709		1,390,167		1,390,167
Equity securities	100,042		100,042		90,640		90,640
Short-term investments	2,572		2,572		2,907		2,907
Total cash and investments	$	1,653,679	$	1,653,679	$	1,576,514	$	1,576,514
Liabilities:
Long-term debt	$	273,753	$	292,782	$	273,591	$	278,726

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Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Summary of information of investment portfolio

Summarized information for the major categories of our investment portfolio follows ($ in thousands):

September 30, 2017	Amortized Cost or Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI(1)
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	$	62,099	$	49	$	(254	)	$	61,894	$	0
State and municipal	497,868		5,336		(818		)	502,386		(46		)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	356,172		2,592		(3,507		)	355,257		(1,823		)
Commercial	35,292		38		(440		)	34,890		0
Total mortgage-backed securities	391,463		2,631		(3,946		)	390,148		(1,823		)
Asset-backed securities	56,031		114		(39		)	56,106		(8		)
Corporates	431,742		6,922		(490		)	438,175		(31		)
Total fixed maturities	1,439,204		15,053		(5,548		)	1,448,709		(1,909		)
Equity securities	74,347		25,695		0			100,042		0
Short-term investments	2,574		0		(2		)	2,572		0
Total	$	1,516,125	$	40,748	$	(5,550	)	$	1,551,323	$	(1,909	)
December 31, 2016
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	$	62,808	$	55	$	(377	)	$	62,485	$	0
State and municipal	477,834		2,313		(3,816		)	476,331		(51		)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	343,095		2,306		(5,034		)	340,367		(1,967		)
Commercial	70,676		63		(939		)	69,801		0
Total mortgage-backed securities	413,772		2,369		(5,972		)	410,169		(1,967		)
Asset-backed securities	37,562		93		(47		)	37,608		(8		)
Corporates	400,685		4,389		(1,499		)	403,575		(41		)
Total fixed maturities	1,392,660		9,219		(11,711		)	1,390,167		(2,068		)
Equity securities	77,013		13,627		0			90,640		0
Short-term investments	2,909		0		(2		)	2,907		0
Total	$	1,472,582	$	22,846	$	(11,713	)	$	1,483,714	$	(2,068	)
(1) The total non-credit portion of OTTI recognized in Accumulated OCI reflecting the original non-credit loss at the time the credit impairment was determined.

Unrealized loss by investment category and length of time

The following tables set forth the amount of unrealized loss by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position ($ in thousands):

	Less than 12 Months								12 Months or More
September 30, 2017	Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Unrealized Losses as % of Cost		Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Unrealized Losses as % of Cost
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	23	$	44,656	$	(162	)	0.4	%	9	$	4,489	$	(93	)	2.0	%
State and municipal	60	119,086		(491		)	0.4	%	16	35,590		(328		)	0.9	%
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	315	158,772		(2,004		)	1.2	%	94	50,661		(1,503		)	2.9	%
Commercial	3	7,719		(87		)	1.1	%	7	19,659		(353		)	1.8	%
Total mortgage-backed securities	318	166,491		(2,091		)	1.2	%	101	70,320		(1,855		)	2.6	%
Asset-backed securities	19	21,159		(32		)	0.1	%	3	2,534		(7		)	0.3	%
Corporates	48	67,708		(306		)	0.4	%	19	20,627		(184		)	0.9	%
Total fixed maturities	468	419,100		(3,081		)	0.7	%	148	133,560		(2,467		)	1.8	%
Short-term investments	2	2,572		(2		)	0.5	%	0	0		0			0.0	%
Total	470	$	421,672	$	(3,083	)	0.7	%	148	$	133,560	$	(2,467	)	1.8	%
December 31, 2016
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government	31	$	47,640	$	(377	)	0.8	%	0	$	0	$	0		0.0	%
State and municipal	146	303,428		(3,816		)	1.2	%	0	0		0			0.0	%
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	381	225,117		(4,559		)	2.0	%	40	11,891		(474		)	3.8	%
Commercial	14	38,002		(788		)	2.0	%	7	26,537		(150		)	0.6	%
Total mortgage-backed securities	395	263,119		(5,347		)	2.0	%	47	38,428		(625		)	1.6	%
Asset-backed securities	9	7,836		(46		)	0.6	%	1	519		(1		)	0.1	%
Corporates	98	145,089		(1,272		)	0.9	%	7	7,745		(227		)	2.8	%
Total fixed maturities	679	767,112		(10,859		)	1.4	%	55	46,693		(852		)	1.8	%
Short-term investments	3	2,907		(2		)	0.1	%	0	0		0			0.0	%
Total	682	$	770,019	$	(10,861	)	1.4	%	55	$	46,693	$	(852	)	1.8	%

Summary of unrealized gains or losses

The following table summarizes those securities, excluding the rabbi trust, with unrealized gains or losses:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Number of positions held with unrealized:
Gains	728		527
Losses	618		737
Number of positions held that individually exceed unrealized:
Gains of $500,000	2		1
Losses of $500,000	0		0
Percentage of positions held with unrealized:
Gains that were investment grade	85	%	85	%
Losses that were investment grade	97	%	97	%
Percentage of fair value held with unrealized:
Gains that were investment grade	86	%	84	%
Losses that were investment grade	97	%	97	%

Unrealized loss by age and severity

The following table sets forth the amount of unrealized losses, excluding the rabbi trust, by age and severity at September 30, 2017 ($ in thousands):

Age of Unrealized Losses	Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses		Total Gross Unrealized Losses			Less  Than 5%*			5% - 10%*			Total Gross Greater Than 10%*
Three months or less	$	262,514	$	(943	)	$	(943	)	$	0		$	0
Four months through six months	13,342		(46		)	(46		)	0			0
Seven months through nine months	4,313		(24		)	(18		)	(6		)	0
Ten months through twelve months	186,054		(2,999		)	(2,999		)	0			0
Greater than twelve months	89,009		(1,537		)	(1,408		)	(129		)	(0		)
Total	$	555,232	$	(5,550	)	$	(5,415	)	$	(135	)	$	(0	)

* As a percentage of amortized cost or cost.

Change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities

The change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities included the following ($ in thousands):

	Pre-tax
Nine months ended September 30, 2017	Fixed Maturities			Equity Securities			Short-Term Investments			Tax Effects			Net
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during the period	$	11,805		$	14,223		$	1		$	(9,110	)	$	16,919
Realized losses (gains) on securities sold	161			(2,155		)	(1		)	698			(1,297		)
Impairment loss recognized in earnings	31			0			0			(11		)	20
Change in unrealized, net	$	11,998		$	12,068		$	(0	)	$	(8,423	)	$	15,643
Nine months ended September 30, 2016
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during the period	$	25,941		$	5,047		$	0		$	(10,846	)	$	20,143
Realized (gains) losses on securities sold	(1,106		)	(470		)	3			551			(1,023		)
Impairment loss recognized in earnings	316			0			0			(111		)	205
Change in unrealized, net	$	25,151		$	4,577		$	3		$	(10,406	)	$	19,325

Progression of credit losses on fixed maturity securities

The following table is a progression of credit losses on fixed maturity securities that were bifurcated between a credit and non-credit component ($ in thousands):

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Beginning balance	$	557		$	683
Additions for:
Newly impaired securities	13			0
Reductions for:
Securities sold and paid down	(98		)	(105		)
Ending balance	$	472		$	579

Scheduled maturities of fixed maturity securities

The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of fixed maturity securities at September 30, 2017, based on their fair values ($ in thousands). We report securities that do not have a single maturity date at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.

	Fair Value								Amortized Cost
Maturity	Securities with Unrealized Gains		Securities with Unrealized Losses		Securities with No Unrealized Gains or Losses		All Fixed Maturity Securities		All Fixed Maturity Securities
One year or less	$	36,440	$	24,407	$	5,699	$	66,545	$	66,395
After one year through five years	477,237		211,513		1,656		690,405		684,589
After five years through ten years	186,952		56,236		0		243,188		238,518
After ten years	2,317		0		0		2,317		2,207
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities	185,749		260,504		0		446,253		447,494
Total	$	888,695	$	552,659	$	7,354	$	1,448,709	$	1,439,204

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of long-term debt

($ in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Principal	$	275,000	$	275,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	1,247		1,409
Long-term debt less unamortized debt issuance costs	$	273,753	$	273,591

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Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Reconciliation of provision for income taxes

The following is a reconciliation of income taxes at the statutory rate of 35.0% to the effective provision for income taxes as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Earnings before income taxes	$	21,683		$	3,196		$	43,320		$	30,012
Income taxes at statutory rate	7,589			1,119			15,162			10,504
Effect of:
Dividends-received deduction	(104		)	(101		)	(318		)	(322		)
Tax-exempt interest	(595		)	(600		)	(1,844		)	(1,858		)
Other	(185		)	24			(350		)	212
Provision for income taxes as shown on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings	$	6,704		$	442		$	12,649		$	8,536
GAAP effective tax rate	30.9		%	13.8		%	29.2		%	28.4		%

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Additional Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

We made the following payments that we do not separately disclose in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Income tax payments	$	6,575	$	3,100	$	19,475	$	6,651
Interest payments on debt	6,875		6,875		13,750		13,750
Interest payments on capital leases	18		18		58		57

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Insurance Reserves (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Insurance [Abstract]

Liability for unpaid losses and LAE

The following table provides an analysis of changes in the liability for unpaid losses and LAE on a GAAP basis ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Balance at Beginning of Period
Unpaid losses on known claims	$	235,400		$	236,947		$	238,412		$	237,660
IBNR losses	323,184			290,767			306,641			290,097
LAE	142,513			138,496			140,402			142,207
Total unpaid losses and LAE	701,097			666,210			685,455			669,965
Reinsurance recoverables	(17,425		)	(18,487		)	(17,130		)	(14,694		)
Unpaid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverables	683,673			647,723			668,325			655,271
Current Activity
Loss and LAE incurred:
Current accident year	267,319			281,456			824,719			828,310
Prior accident years	(4,134		)	(590		)	(17,237		)	(18,646		)
Total loss and LAE incurred	263,186			280,866			807,482			809,664
Loss and LAE payments:
Current accident year	(186,335		)	(197,437		)	(447,115		)	(461,020		)
Prior accident years	(64,324		)	(72,205		)	(332,493		)	(344,969		)
Total loss and LAE payments	(250,659		)	(269,642		)	(779,608		)	(805,989		)
Balance at End of Period
Unpaid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverables	696,199			658,946			696,199			658,946
Add back reinsurance recoverables	33,080			17,580			33,080			17,580
Total unpaid losses and LAE	729,280			676,526			729,280			676,526
Unpaid losses on known claims	255,368			240,935			255,368			240,935
IBNR losses	330,553			299,143			330,553			299,143
LAE	143,359			136,449			143,359			136,449
Total unpaid losses and LAE	$	729,280		$	676,526		$	729,280		$	676,526

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Comprehensive Income Before and After Tax

The components of other comprehensive income before and after tax are as follows ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2017									2016
	Before Tax			Income Tax			Net			Before Tax			Income Tax			Net
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, beginning of period	$	1,007		$	(353	)	$	655		$	923		$	(323	)	$	600
Effect on other comprehensive income	(13		)	4			(8		)	(11		)	4			(7		)
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, end of period	995			(348		)	647			912			(319		)	593
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, beginning of period	28,457			(9,960		)	18,497			37,383			(13,084		)	24,299
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	6,310			(2,209		)	4,102			4,702			(1,646		)	3,056
Reclassification adjustment for other-than-temporary impairments included in net income	22			(8		)	14			0			0			0
Reclassification adjustment for realized losses (gains) included in net income	410			(143		)	266			(1,282		)	449			(833		)
Effect on other comprehensive income	6,742			(2,360		)	4,382			3,420			(1,197		)	2,223
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, end of period	35,198			(12,319		)	22,879			40,803			(14,281		)	26,522
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	29,464			(10,312		)	19,152			38,306			(13,407		)	24,899
Change in post-retirement benefit liability	(13		)	4			(8		)	(11		)	4			(7		)
Change in unrealized gains on investments, net	6,742			(2,360		)	4,382			3,420			(1,197		)	2,223
Effect on other comprehensive income	6,729			(2,355		)	4,374			3,409			(1,193		)	2,216
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	$	36,193		$	(12,668	)	$	23,526		$	41,715		$	(14,600	)	$	27,115

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017									2016
	Before Tax			Income Tax			Net			Before Tax			Income Tax			Net
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, beginning of period	$	1,033		$	(361	)	$	671		$	944		$	(331	)	$	614
Effect on other comprehensive income	(38		)	13			(24		)	(32		)	11			(21		)
Accumulated change in post-retirement benefit liability, end of period	995			(348		)	647			912			(319		)	593
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, beginning of period	11,133			(3,896		)	7,236			11,072			(3,875		)	7,197
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	26,030			(9,110		)	16,919			30,989			(10,846		)	20,143
Reclassification adjustment for other-than-temporary impairments included in net income	31			(11		)	20			316			(111		)	205
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains included in net income	(1,996		)	698			(1,297		)	(1,573		)	551			(1,023		)
Effect on other comprehensive income	24,066			(8,423		)	15,643			29,731			(10,406		)	19,325
Accumulated unrealized gains on investments, net, end of period	35,198			(12,319		)	22,879			40,803			(14,281		)	26,522
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	12,165			(4,258		)	7,907			12,016			(4,206		)	7,811
Change in post-retirement benefit liability	(38		)	13			(24		)	(32		)	11			(21		)
Change in unrealized gains on investments, net	24,066			(8,423		)	15,643			29,731			(10,406		)	19,325
Effect on other comprehensive income	24,028			(8,410		)	15,618			29,699			(10,395		)	19,304
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	$	36,193		$	(12,668	)	$	23,526		$	41,715		$	(14,600	)	$	27,115

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Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Revenues and Earnings Before Income Taxes

The following table provides revenues by segment and a reconciliation to "Total revenues" as reported on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings ($ in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
Gross written premium:	2017			2016			2017			2016
Personal Auto	$	319,242		$	319,771		$	920,522		$	951,925
Commercial Auto	38,617			35,326			123,207			107,975
Classic Collector	4,358			4,280			12,979			12,406
Total gross written premium	362,217			359,377			1,056,709			1,072,306
Ceded reinsurance:
Personal Auto	(1,627		)	(977		)	(3,615		)	(2,989		)
Commercial Auto(1)	(1,311		)	(1,137		)	(1,470		)	(2,887		)
Classic Collector	(275		)	(198		)	(696		)	(635		)
Total ceded reinsurance	(3,213		)	(2,312		)	(5,782		)	(6,511		)
Net written premium:
Personal Auto	317,615			318,794			916,907			948,936
Commercial Auto	37,306			34,190			121,737			105,088
Classic Collector	4,084			4,081			12,283			11,771
Total net written premium	359,004			357,065			1,050,927			1,065,795
Change in unearned premium:
Personal Auto	(14,075		)	(13,652		)	(12,532		)	(34,081		)
Commercial Auto	307			(881		)	(12,071		)	(11,869		)
Classic Collector	(272		)	(362		)	(844		)	(775		)
Total change in unearned premium	(14,040		)	(14,895		)	(25,447		)	(46,725		)
Earned premium:
Personal Auto	303,540			305,142			904,375			914,855
Commercial Auto	37,612			33,309			109,666			93,219
Classic Collector	3,812			3,720			11,439			10,996
Total earned premium	344,964			342,171			1,025,480			1,019,070
Installment and other fee income:
Personal Auto	23,133			23,760			70,839			69,783
Commercial Auto	2,889			2,537			8,593			7,417
Classic Collector	0			0			0			0
Total installment and other fee income	26,022			26,297			79,432			77,200
Net investment income	9,771			8,125			27,467			25,115
Net realized gains on investments	(431		)	1,282			1,964			1,257
Other income	376			249			1,041			727
Total revenues	$	380,701		$	378,124		$	1,135,385		$	1,123,370
(1) Effective June 1, 2017, the premium paid for our excess of loss reinsurance contract for our commercial auto business is now based on earned premium rather than written premium. Premium ceded during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes the return of $2.6 million of unearned premium due to the termination of the previous excess of loss contract.

The following tables present the underwriting income and combined ratio on a statutory accident year basis with reconciliations to "Earnings before income taxes" as presented on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings ($ in thousands). We do not allocate assets or "Provision for income taxes" to operating segments.

	Three months ended September 30, 2017
	Personal Auto				Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)		Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	14,571	94.4	%	$	156		99.7	%	$	(1,268	)	130.9	%	$	13,459		95.4	%
Bad debt charge-offs	3,302				588					9					3,900
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	4,803				(907		)			237					4,134
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	22,676		91.7	%	(162		)	100.6	%	(1,022		)	124.4	%	21,492			93.1	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences															(3,013		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income															18,479			94.6	%
Net investment income															9,771
Net realized gains on investments															(431		)
Other income															376
Interest expense															(3,510		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses															(2,158		)
Other expenses															(844		)
Earnings before income taxes															$	21,683
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

	Three months ended September 30, 2016
	Personal Auto					Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	(2,394	)	100.0	%	$	(336	)	100.5	%	$	(87	)	99.0	%	$	(2,817	)	100.1	%
Bad debt charge-offs	3,682					509					21					4,212
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	5,997					(5,315		)			(92		)			590
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	7,285			96.8	%	(5,142		)	115.0	%	(157		)	100.9	%	1,985			98.7	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences																(2,795		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income																(810		)	100.2	%
Net investment income																8,125
Net realized gains on investments																1,282
Other income																249
Interest expense																(3,507		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses																(1,768		)
Other expenses																(375		)
Earnings before income taxes																$	3,196
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

	Nine months ended September 30, 2017
	Personal Auto				Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)		Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	13,780	98.2	%	$	1,992		96.3	%	$	(990	)	106.1	%	$	14,782		98.1	%
Bad debt charge-offs	9,225				1,345					20					10,590
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	20,849				(4,015		)			404					17,237
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	43,854		94.9	%	(679		)	98.9	%	(566		)	102.4	%	42,610			95.4	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences															(10,681		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income															31,929			96.9	%
Net investment income															27,467
Net realized gains on investments															1,964
Other income															1,041
Interest expense															(10,533		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses															(6,876		)
Other expenses															(1,673		)
Earnings before income taxes															$	43,320
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

	Nine months ended September 30, 2016
	Personal Auto					Commercial Auto					Classic Collector					Total
	Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)		Pre-tax Profit (Loss)			Combined Ratio (1)
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$	(978	)	99.5	%	$	(1,816	)	99.6	%	$	731		91.1	%	$	(2,063	)	99.4	%
Bad debt charge-offs	11,048					1,322					39					12,409
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	21,077					(2,393		)			(39		)			18,646
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	31,148			95.9	%	(2,887		)	100.9	%	731			91.1	%	28,992			96.4	%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences																(8,568		)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income																20,424			98.0	%
Net investment income																25,115
Net realized gains on investments																1,257
Other income																727
Interest expense																(10,524		)
Corporate general and administrative expenses																(5,532		)
Other expenses																(1,455		)
Earnings before income taxes																$	30,012
(1) Management includes the provision for uncollectible accounts in the underwriting income and combined ratio on both statutory accident year and GAAP calendar year bases.

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Significant Reporting And Accounting Policies (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) state	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) state	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of states licensed to write insurance | state	50		50
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$ 50,479	$ 15,943	$ 104,159	$ 48,339
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	13,303	6,366	29,988	28,125
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during period, net of tax			16,919	20,143
Installment and other fee income	$ 26,022	$ 26,297	79,432	77,200
Processing and policy fees					$ 19,700
Equity securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during period, net of tax			$ 16,700
Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, Statutory Tax Withholding Component
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities				200
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities				$ 200

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Computation of Net Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Computation of net earnings per share
Net earnings	$ 14,978	$ 21,609	$ 2,753	$ 30,671	$ 21,476
Average basic shares outstanding (shares)	10,993		11,018	11,004	11,022
Basic net earnings per share (usd per share)	$ 1.36		$ 0.25	$ 2.79	$ 1.95
Average diluted shares outstanding (shares)	11,062		11,084	11,095	11,105
Diluted net earnings per share (usd per share)	$ 1.35		$ 0.25	$ 2.76	$ 1.93
Restricted stock not vested
Computation of net earnings per share
Dilutive shares (shares)	17		27	28	24
Dilutive effect of Performance Share Plan
Computation of net earnings per share
Dilutive shares (shares)	52		39	63	59

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Fair Value - Fair Value by Hierarchy (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	$ 1,551,323	$ 1,483,714
Recurring basis | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Long-term debt	292,800	278,700
Fair Value
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Cash and cash equivalents	102,356	92,800
Long-term debt	292,782	278,726
Fair Value | Fixed Maturities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	1,448,709	1,390,167
Fair Value | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	100,042	90,640
Fair Value | Short-term investments
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	2,572	2,907
Fair Value | Recurring basis
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Cash and cash equivalents	102,356	92,800
Total cash and investments	$ 1,653,679	$ 1,576,514
Percentage of total cash and investments (percent)	100.00%	100.00%
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Fixed Maturities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	$ 1,448,709	$ 1,390,167
Fair Value | Recurring basis | U.S. government
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	61,894	62,485
Fair Value | Recurring basis | State and Municipal
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	502,386	476,331
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Mortgage- Backed Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	390,148	410,169
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Residential
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	355,257	340,367
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Commercial
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	34,890	69,801
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	56,106	37,608
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Corporates
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	438,175	403,575
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	100,042	90,640
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Short-term investments
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	2,572	2,907
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Cash and cash equivalents	102,356	92,800
Total cash and investments	$ 264,292	$ 246,689
Percentage of total cash and investments (percent)	16.00%	15.60%
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 1 | Fixed Maturities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	$ 61,894	$ 62,480
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 1 | U.S. government
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	61,894	62,480
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 1 | State and Municipal
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 1 | Mortgage- Backed Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 1 | Residential
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 1 | Commercial
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 1 | Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 1 | Corporates
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 1 | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	100,042	90,640
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 1 | Short-term investments
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	769
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Total cash and investments	$ 1,385,437	$ 1,324,888
Percentage of total cash and investments (percent)	83.80%	84.00%
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 2 | Fixed Maturities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	$ 1,382,865	$ 1,322,749
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 2 | U.S. government
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	5
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 2 | State and Municipal
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	498,849	472,471
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 2 | Mortgage- Backed Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	390,148	410,169
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 2 | Residential
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	355,257	340,367
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 2 | Commercial
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	34,890	69,801
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 2 | Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	55,906	37,196
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 2 | Corporates
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	437,962	402,909
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 2 | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 2 | Short-term investments
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	2,572	2,139
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Total cash and investments	$ 3,950	$ 4,938
Percentage of total cash and investments (percent)	0.20%	0.30%
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | Fixed Maturities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	$ 3,950	$ 4,938
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | U.S. government
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | State and Municipal
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	3,537	3,860
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | Mortgage- Backed Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | Residential
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | Commercial
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	200	412
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | Corporates
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	213	666
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	0	0
Fair Value | Recurring basis | Level 3 | Short-term investments
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Available-for-sale securities:	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Value - Level 3 Investments (Details)	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) security	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($) security	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) security	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)
Level 3 reconciliation
Balance at beginning of period			$ 1,534,000	$ 4,938,000	$ 1,534,000
Included in net earnings				(89,000)	(1,000)
Included in other comprehensive income				11,000	(40,000)
Purchases				6,259,000	620,000
Sales				(694,000)
Settlements				(640,000)	(622,000)
Transfers in				447,000	1,966,000
Transfers out		$ (1,339,000)		$ (6,283,000)	(1,339,000)
Balance at end of period		2,118,000			2,118,000
Number of securities transferred into Level 3 (securities) | security				1
Number of securities transferred into Level 3 that weren't rated by a recognized statistical rating organization (securities) | security				0
Number of securities transferred between Levels 1 and 2 (securities)				0
Number of securities transferred from Level 2 into Level 3 (securities) | security			0
Level 3
Level 3 reconciliation
Balance at beginning of period	$ 3,910,000	3,692,000
Included in net earnings	(30,000)	(4,000)
Included in other comprehensive income	0	(17,000)
Purchases		0
Settlements	(48,000)	(214,000)
Transfers in	118,000	0
Balance at end of period	$ 3,950,000	2,118,000		$ 3,950,000	2,118,000
Number of positions (securities) | security	6			6
Level 3 | Non-binding broker quotes
Level 3 reconciliation
Number of positions (securities) | security	2			2
Level 3 | Nationally recognized pricing service
Level 3 reconciliation
Number of positions (securities) | security	4			4
State and Municipal
Level 3 reconciliation
Balance at beginning of period			$ 10,000	$ 3,860,000	10,000
Included in net earnings				(90,000)	(10,000)
Included in other comprehensive income				14,000	0
Purchases				0	0
Sales				(694,000)
Settlements				0	(10,000)
Transfers in				447,000	628,000
Transfers out		0		0	0
Balance at end of period	$ 3,537,000	618,000		3,537,000	618,000
State and Municipal | Level 3
Level 3 reconciliation
Balance at beginning of period	3,447,000	626,000
Included in net earnings	(30,000)	(6,000)
Included in other comprehensive income	2,000	(1,000)
Purchases		0
Settlements	0	0
Transfers in	118,000	0
Balance at end of period	3,537,000	618,000		3,537,000	618,000
Asset-backed securities
Level 3 reconciliation
Balance at beginning of period			0	412,000	0
Included in net earnings				0	0
Included in other comprehensive income				25,000	2,000
Purchases				4,259,000	620,000
Sales				0
Settlements				(213,000)	(125,000)
Transfers in				0	1,338,000
Transfers out		(1,339,000)		(4,283,000)	(1,339,000)
Balance at end of period	200,000	495,000		200,000	495,000
Asset-backed securities | Level 3
Level 3 reconciliation
Balance at beginning of period	249,000	1,959,000
Included in net earnings	0	0
Included in other comprehensive income	(1,000)	1,000
Purchases		0
Settlements	(48,000)	(125,000)
Transfers in	0	0
Balance at end of period	200,000	495,000		200,000	495,000
Corporates
Level 3 reconciliation
Balance at beginning of period			$ 1,524,000	666,000	1,524,000
Included in net earnings				2,000	9,000
Included in other comprehensive income				(28,000)	(42,000)
Purchases				2,000,000	0
Sales				0
Settlements				(427,000)	(487,000)
Transfers in				0	0
Transfers out		0		(2,000,000)	0
Balance at end of period	213,000	1,005,000		213,000	1,005,000
Corporates | Level 3
Level 3 reconciliation
Balance at beginning of period	215,000	1,107,000
Included in net earnings	0	2,000
Included in other comprehensive income	(1,000)	(16,000)
Purchases		0
Settlements	0	(89,000)
Transfers in	0	0
Balance at end of period	$ 213,000	$ 1,005,000		$ 213,000	$ 1,005,000

XML

Fair Value - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities:	$ 1,551,323	$ 1,483,714
Carrying Value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	102,356	92,800
Total cash and investments	1,653,679	1,576,514
Long-term debt	273,753	273,591
Carrying Value | Fixed Maturities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities:	1,448,709	1,390,167
Carrying Value | Equity securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities:	100,042	90,640
Carrying Value | Short-term investments
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities:	2,572	2,907
Fair Value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	102,356	92,800
Total cash and investments	1,653,679	1,576,514
Long-term debt	292,782	278,726
Fair Value | Fixed Maturities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities:	1,448,709	1,390,167
Fair Value | Equity securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities:	100,042	90,640
Fair Value | Short-term investments
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities:	$ 2,572	$ 2,907

XML

Investments - Textual (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities	$ 44,200	$ 68,000	$ 172,800	$ 276,800
Receivable for securities sold	2,025	1,700	2,025	1,700	$ 795
Gross realized gains	300	1,300	3,300	3,500
Gross realized losses	$ 700	$ 0	$ 1,300	$ 1,900

XML

Investments - Investments by major category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fixed Maturities
Amortized Cost, Fixed Maturities	$ 1,439,204	$ 1,392,660
Fixed maturities, Fair Value	1,448,709	1,390,167
Equity Securities
Equity securities, Amortized cost	74,347	77,013
Equity securities, Fair Value	100,042	90,640
Available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost or Cost, Total	1,516,125	1,472,582
Available-for-sale securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	40,748	22,846
Available-for-sale securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(5,550)	(11,713)
Available-for-sale securities, Fair Value	1,551,323	1,483,714
Available-for-sale securities, OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI	(1,909)	(2,068)
Fixed Maturities
Fixed Maturities
Amortized Cost, Fixed Maturities	1,439,204	1,392,660
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Gains	15,053	9,219
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(5,548)	(11,711)
Fixed maturities, Fair Value	1,448,709	1,390,167
Fixed maturities, OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI	(1,909)	(2,068)
U.S. government
Fixed Maturities
Amortized Cost, Fixed Maturities	62,099	62,808
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Gains	49	55
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(254)	(377)
Fixed maturities, Fair Value	61,894	62,485
Fixed maturities, OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI	0	0
State and Municipal
Fixed Maturities
Amortized Cost, Fixed Maturities	497,868	477,834
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Gains	5,336	2,313
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(818)	(3,816)
Fixed maturities, Fair Value	502,386	476,331
Fixed maturities, OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI	(46)	(51)
Mortgage- Backed Securities
Fixed Maturities
Amortized Cost, Fixed Maturities	391,463	413,772
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Gains	2,631	2,369
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(3,946)	(5,972)
Fixed maturities, Fair Value	390,148	410,169
Fixed maturities, OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI	(1,823)	(1,967)
Residential
Fixed Maturities
Amortized Cost, Fixed Maturities	356,172	343,095
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Gains	2,592	2,306
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(3,507)	(5,034)
Fixed maturities, Fair Value	355,257	340,367
Fixed maturities, OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI	(1,823)	(1,967)
Commercial
Fixed Maturities
Amortized Cost, Fixed Maturities	35,292	70,676
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Gains	38	63
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(440)	(939)
Fixed maturities, Fair Value	34,890	69,801
Fixed maturities, OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI	0	0
Asset-backed securities
Fixed Maturities
Amortized Cost, Fixed Maturities	56,031	37,562
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Gains	114	93
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(39)	(47)
Fixed maturities, Fair Value	56,106	37,608
Fixed maturities, OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI	(8)	(8)
Corporates
Fixed Maturities
Amortized Cost, Fixed Maturities	431,742	400,685
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Gains	6,922	4,389
Fixed maturities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(490)	(1,499)
Fixed maturities, Fair Value	438,175	403,575
Fixed maturities, OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI	(31)	(41)
Equity securities
Equity Securities
Equity securities, Amortized cost	74,347	77,013
Equity securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	25,695	13,627
Equity securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0
Equity securities, Fair Value	100,042	90,640
Equity securities, OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI	0	0
Short-term investments
Equity Securities
Equity securities, Amortized cost	2,574	2,909
Equity securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Equity securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(2)	(2)
Equity securities, Fair Value	2,572	2,907
Equity securities, OTTI Recognized in Accumulated OCI	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Investments - Continuous loss position investments (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) security	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) security
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	618	737
Maximum
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Percentage of book value (percent)	95.00%
Minimum
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized loss amount	$ 100,000
Less than 12 Months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	470	682
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 421,672,000	$ 770,019,000
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (3,083,000)	$ (10,861,000)
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	0.70%	1.40%
Less than 12 Months | Fixed Maturities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	468	679
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 419,100,000	$ 767,112,000
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (3,081,000)	$ (10,859,000)
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	0.70%	1.40%
Less than 12 Months | U.S. government
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	23	31
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 44,656,000	$ 47,640,000
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (162,000)	$ (377,000)
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	0.40%	0.80%
Less than 12 Months | State and Municipal
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	60	146
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 119,086,000	$ 303,428,000
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (491,000)	$ (3,816,000)
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	0.40%	1.20%
Less than 12 Months | Mortgage- Backed Securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	318	395
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 166,491,000	$ 263,119,000
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (2,091,000)	$ (5,347,000)
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	1.20%	2.00%
Less than 12 Months | Residential
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	315	381
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 158,772,000	$ 225,117,000
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (2,004,000)	$ (4,559,000)
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	1.20%	2.00%
Less than 12 Months | Commercial
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	3	14
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 7,719,000	$ 38,002,000
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (87,000)	$ (788,000)
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	1.10%	2.00%
Less than 12 Months | Asset-backed securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	19	9
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 21,159,000	$ 7,836,000
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (32,000)	$ (46,000)
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	0.10%	0.60%
Less than 12 Months | Corporates
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	48	98
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 67,708,000	$ 145,089,000
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (306,000)	$ (1,272,000)
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	0.40%	0.90%
Less than 12 Months | Short-term investments
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	2	3
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 2,572,000	$ 2,907,000
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (2,000)	$ (2,000)
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	0.50%	0.10%
12 Months or More
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	148	55
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	1.80%	1.80%
12 Months or More, Fair Value	$ 133,560,000	$ 46,693,000
12 Months of More, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (2,467,000)	$ (852,000)
12 Months or More | Fixed Maturities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	148	55
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	1.80%	1.80%
12 Months or More, Fair Value	$ 133,560,000	$ 46,693,000
12 Months of More, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (2,467,000)	$ (852,000)
12 Months or More | U.S. government
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	9	0
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	2.00%	0.00%
12 Months or More, Fair Value	$ 4,489,000	$ 0
12 Months of More, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (93,000)	$ 0
12 Months or More | State and Municipal
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	16	0
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	0.90%	0.00%
12 Months or More, Fair Value	$ 35,590,000	$ 0
12 Months of More, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (328,000)	$ 0
12 Months or More | Mortgage- Backed Securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	101	47
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	2.60%	1.60%
12 Months or More, Fair Value	$ 70,320,000	$ 38,428,000
12 Months of More, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (1,855,000)	$ (625,000)
12 Months or More | Residential
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	94	40
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	2.90%	3.80%
12 Months or More, Fair Value	$ 50,661,000	$ 11,891,000
12 Months of More, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (1,503,000)	$ (474,000)
12 Months or More | Commercial
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	7	7
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	1.80%	0.60%
12 Months or More, Fair Value	$ 19,659,000	$ 26,537,000
12 Months of More, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (353,000)	$ (150,000)
12 Months or More | Asset-backed securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	3	1
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	0.30%	0.10%
12 Months or More, Fair Value	$ 2,534,000	$ 519,000
12 Months of More, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (7,000)	$ (1,000)
12 Months or More | Corporates
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	19	7
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	0.90%	2.80%
12 Months or More, Fair Value	$ 20,627,000	$ 7,745,000
12 Months of More, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (184,000)	$ (227,000)
12 Months or More | Short-term investments
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of Securities with Unrealized Losses (positions) | security	0	0
Unrealized Losses as Percentage of Cost	0.00%	0.00%
12 Months or More, Fair Value	$ 0	$ 0
12 Months of More, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Investments - Summary of unrealized gains and losses (Details)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) security	Dec. 31, 2016 security	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Number of positions held with unrealized gains (positions)	728	527
Number of positions held with unrealized losses (positions)	618	737
Number of positions held that individually exceed unrealized gains of $500,000 (positions)	2.00	1.00
Number of positions held that individually exceed unrealized losses of $500,000 (positions)	0	0
Percentage of positions held with unrealized gains that were investment grade (percent)	85.00%	85.00%
Percentage of positions held with unrealized losses that were investment grade (percent)	97.00%	97.00%
Percentage of fair value held with unrealized gains that were investment grade (percent)	86.00%	84.00%
Percentage of fair value held with unrealized losses that were investment grade (percent)	97.00%	97.00%
Number of positions held that individually exceed unrealized gains, threshold value | $	$ 500,000		$ 500,000
Number of positions held that individually exceed unrealized losses, threshold value | $			$ 500,000

XML

Investments - Unrealized losses by age and severity (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses	$ 555,232
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(5,550)
Three months or less
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses	262,514
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(943)
Four months through six months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses	13,342
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(46)
Seven months through nine months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses	4,313
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(24)
Ten months through twelve months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses	186,054
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(2,999)
Greater than twelve months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses	89,009
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,537)
Less Than 5% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(5,415)
Less Than 5% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Three months or less
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(943)
Less Than 5% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Four months through six months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(46)
Less Than 5% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Seven months through nine months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(18)
Less Than 5% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Ten months through twelve months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(2,999)
Less Than 5% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Greater than twelve months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,408)
5% - 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(135)
5% - 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Three months or less
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	0
5% - 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Four months through six months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	0
5% - 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Seven months through nine months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(6)
5% - 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Ten months through twelve months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	0
5% - 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Greater than twelve months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	(129)
Greater Than 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	0
Greater Than 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Three months or less
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	0
Greater Than 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Four months through six months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	0
Greater Than 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Seven months through nine months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	0
Greater Than 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Ten months through twelve months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	0
Greater Than 10% as a Percentage of Amortized Cost or Cost | Greater than twelve months
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Total Gross Unrealized Losses	$ 0

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Investments - Change in unrealized gains and losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period, pre-tax	$ 6,310	$ 4,702	$ 26,030	$ 30,989
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period, tax effects			(9,110)	(10,846)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during period, net of tax			16,919	20,143
Realized gains on securities sold, pre-tax	410	(1,282)	(1,996)	(1,573)
Realized gains on securities sold, tax effects			698	551
Realized gains on securities sold, net of tax			(1,297)	(1,023)
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings	22	0	31	316
Impairment loss recognized in earnings, tax effects			(11)	(111)
Impairment loss recognized in earnings			20	205
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net, pre-tax	$ 6,742	$ 3,420	24,066	29,731
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net, tax effects			(8,423)	(10,406)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net, net of tax			15,643	19,325
Fixed Maturities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period, pre-tax			11,805	25,941
Realized gains on securities sold, pre-tax			161	(1,106)
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings			31	316
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net, pre-tax			11,998	25,151
Equity securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period, pre-tax			14,223	5,047
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during period, net of tax			16,700
Realized gains on securities sold, pre-tax			(2,155)	(470)
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings			0	0
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net, pre-tax			12,068	4,577
Short-term investments
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period, pre-tax			1	0
Realized gains on securities sold, pre-tax			(1)	3
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings			0	0
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net, pre-tax			$ 0	$ 3

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Investments - Credit losses rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Credit losses on fixed maturity securities
Beginning balance	$ 557	$ 683
Additions for: Newly impaired securities	13	0
Reductions for: Securities sold and paid down	(98)	(105)
Ending balance	$ 472	$ 579

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Investments - Investments by contractual maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
One year or less, fair value	$ 66,545
One year or less, amortized cost	66,395
After one year through five years, fair value	690,405
After one year through five years, amortized cost	684,589
After five years through ten years, fair value	243,188
After five years through ten years, amortized cost	238,518
After ten years, fair value	2,317
After ten years, amortized cost basis	2,207
Mortgage-backed, asset-backed and collateralized mortgage obligations, fair value	446,253
Mortgage-backed, asset-backed and collateralized mortgage obligations, amortized cost	447,494
Fair Value, Fixed maturities	1,448,709	$ 1,390,167
Amortized Cost, Fixed Maturities	1,439,204	$ 1,392,660
Securities with Unrealized Gains
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
One year or less, fair value	36,440
After one year through five years, fair value	477,237
After five years through ten years, fair value	186,952
After ten years, fair value	2,317
Mortgage-backed, asset-backed and collateralized mortgage obligations, fair value	185,749
Fair Value, Fixed maturities	888,695
Securities with Unrealized Losses
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
One year or less, fair value	24,407
After one year through five years, fair value	211,513
After five years through ten years, fair value	56,236
After ten years, fair value	0
Mortgage-backed, asset-backed and collateralized mortgage obligations, fair value	260,504
Fair Value, Fixed maturities	552,659
Securities with No Unrealized Gains or Losses
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
One year or less, fair value	5,699
After one year through five years, fair value	1,656
After five years through ten years, fair value	0
After ten years, fair value	0
Mortgage-backed, asset-backed and collateralized mortgage obligations, fair value	0
Fair Value, Fixed maturities	$ 7,354

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Long-Term Debt - Long-term Debt Less Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2012
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt less unamortized debt issuance costs	$ 273,753,000	$ 273,591,000
Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	275,000,000	275,000,000	$ 275,000,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	1,247,000	1,409,000
Long-term debt less unamortized debt issuance costs	$ 273,753,000	$ 273,591,000

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Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2012
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value		$ 292,782,000	$ 278,726,000
US Treasury Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term of note used (years)		10 years
Effective percentage (percent)		2.335%
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility capacity	$ 50,000,000
Term of revolving credit facility (years)	3 years
Senior Notes Due 2022 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal		$ 275,000,000	$ 275,000,000	$ 275,000,000
Coupon rate (percent)				5.00%
Capitalized debt issuance costs				$ 2,200,000
Long-term debt, fair value		$ 292,800,000
10-year U.S. Treasury note | Senior Notes Due 2022 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis points		1.23%

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal statutory income tax rate (percent)			35.00%
Income tax reconciliation
Earnings before income taxes	$ 21,683	$ 3,196	$ 43,320	$ 30,012
Income taxes at statutory rate	7,589	1,119	15,162	10,504
Dividends-received deduction	(104)	(101)	(318)	(322)
Tax-exempt interest	(595)	(600)	(1,844)	(1,858)
Other	(185)	24	(350)	212
Provision for income taxes as shown on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings	$ 6,704	$ 442	$ 12,649	$ 8,536
GAAP effective tax rate (percent)	30.90%	13.80%	29.20%	28.40%

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Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]
Income tax payments	$ 6,575	$ 3,100	$ 19,475	$ 6,651
Interest payments on debt	6,875	6,875	13,750	13,750
Interest payments on capital leases	18	$ 18	58	$ 57
Negative cash book balances	$ 63,500		$ 63,500		$ 40,600

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Insurance Reserves - Changes in the liability for unpaid losses and LAE (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Roll Forward]
Unpaid losses on known claims, balance at beginning of period	$ 235,400	$ 236,947	$ 238,412	$ 237,660
IBNR losses, balance at beginning of period	323,184	290,767	306,641	290,097
LAE, balance at beginning of period	142,513	138,496	140,402	142,207
Total unpaid losses and LAE, balance at beginning of period	701,097	666,210	685,455	669,965
Reinsurance recoverables, balance at beginning of period	(17,425)	(18,487)	(17,130)	(14,694)
Unpaid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverables, balance at beginning of period	683,673	647,723	668,325	655,271
Loss and LAE incurred, current accident year	267,319	281,456	824,719	828,310
Loss and LAE incurred, Prior accident years	(4,134)	(590)	(17,237)	(18,646)
Total loss and LAE incurred	263,186	280,866	807,482	809,664
Loss and LAE payments, current accident year	(186,335)	(197,437)	(447,115)	(461,020)
Loss and LAE payments, prior accident years	(64,324)	(72,205)	(332,493)	(344,969)
Total loss and LAE payments	(250,659)	(269,642)	(779,608)	(805,989)
Unpaid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverables, balance at end of period	696,199	658,946	696,199	658,946
Add back reinsurance recoverables, balance at end of period	33,080	17,580	33,080	17,580
Total unpaid losses and LAE, balance at end of period	729,280	676,526	729,280	676,526
Unpaid losses on known claims, balance at end of period	255,368	240,935	255,368	240,935
IBNR losses, balance at end of period	330,553	299,143	330,553	299,143
LAE, balance at end of period	$ 143,359	$ 136,449	$ 143,359	$ 136,449

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Insurance Reserves - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Insurance [Abstract]
Favorable reserve development related to prior accident years	$ 4,134	$ 590	$ 17,237	$ 18,646

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Commitments And Contingencies (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017 policy	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 policy
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of policies with lowered mileage | policy			200,000		200,000
Adjustments to written premiums	$ 18.3	$ 3.8
Adjustments to earned premiums	$ 12.4
Pending Litigation | Reyes v. Infinity Indemnity Insurance Company
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Litigation settlement, amount				$ 30.0

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Before Tax [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	$ 29,464	$ 38,306	$ 12,165	$ 12,016
Effect on other comprehensive income	6,729	3,409	24,028	29,699
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	36,193	41,715	36,193	41,715
Income Tax [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	(10,312)	(13,407)	(4,258)	(4,206)
Effect on other comprehensive income	(2,355)	(1,193)	(8,410)	(10,395)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	(12,668)	(14,600)	(12,668)	(14,600)
Net [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	19,152	24,899	7,907	7,811
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	4,374	2,216	15,618	19,304
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	23,526	27,115	23,526	27,115
Accumulated Change Post-retirement Benefit Liability
Before Tax [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	1,007	923	1,033	944
Effect on other comprehensive income	(13)	(11)	(38)	(32)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	995	912	995	912
Income Tax [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	(353)	(323)	(361)	(331)
Effect on other comprehensive income	4	4	13	11
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	(348)	(319)	(348)	(319)
Net [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	655	600	671	614
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	(8)	(7)	(24)	(21)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	647	593	647	593
Accumulated Unrealized Gains on Investments, Net and Other-than-Temporary Impairments
Before Tax [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	28,457	37,383	11,133	11,072
Effect on other comprehensive income	6,742	3,420	24,066	29,731
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	6,310	4,702	26,030	30,989
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	35,198	40,803	35,198	40,803
Income Tax [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	(9,960)	(13,084)	(3,896)	(3,875)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	(2,209)	(1,646)	(9,110)	(10,846)
Effect on other comprehensive income	(2,360)	(1,197)	(8,423)	(10,406)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	(12,319)	(14,281)	(12,319)	(14,281)
Net [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	18,497	24,299	7,236	7,197
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	4,102	3,056	16,919	20,143
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	4,382	2,223	15,643	19,325
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	22,879	26,522	22,879	26,522
Reclassification Adjustment for Other-than-Temporary Impairments
Before Tax [Abstract]
Reclassicification adjustment	22	0	31	316
Income Tax [Abstract]
Reclassification adjustment	(8)	0	(11)	(111)
Net [Abstract]
Reclassicification adjustment	14	0	20	205
Accumulated Unrealized Gains on Investments, Net
Before Tax [Abstract]
Effect on other comprehensive income			24,066	29,731
Reclassicification adjustment	410	(1,282)	(1,996)	(1,573)
Income Tax [Abstract]
Reclassification adjustment	(143)	449	698	551
Effect on other comprehensive income			(8,423)	(10,406)
Net [Abstract]
Reclassicification adjustment	$ 266	$ (833)	(1,297)	(1,023)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax			$ 15,643	$ 19,325

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Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 vehicle / policy vehicle segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments | segment	3
Number of vehicles in fleet in target businesses (or fewer) | vehicle	20
Average vehicles per policy | vehicle / policy	1.9

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Segment Information - Revenues by segment and reconciliation to Total revenues (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gross written premium	$ 362,217	$ 359,377	$ 1,056,709	$ 1,072,306
Ceded reinsurance	(3,213)	(2,312)	(5,782)	(6,511)
Net written premium	359,004	357,065	1,050,927	1,065,795
Change in unearned premium	(14,040)	(14,895)	(25,447)	(46,725)
Earned premium	344,964	342,171	1,025,480	1,019,070
Installment and other fee income	26,022	26,297	79,432	77,200
Net investment income	9,771	8,125	27,467	25,115
Net realized gains on investments	(431)	1,282	1,964	1,257
Other income	376	249	1,041	727
Total revenues	380,701	378,124	1,135,385	1,123,370
Personal Auto
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gross written premium	319,242	319,771	920,522	951,925
Ceded reinsurance	(1,627)	(977)	(3,615)	(2,989)
Net written premium	317,615	318,794	916,907	948,936
Change in unearned premium	(14,075)	(13,652)	(12,532)	(34,081)
Earned premium	303,540	305,142	904,375	914,855
Installment and other fee income	23,133	23,760	70,839	69,783
Commercial Vehicle
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gross written premium	38,617	35,326	123,207	107,975
Ceded reinsurance	(1,311)	(1,137)	(1,470)	(2,887)
Net written premium	37,306	34,190	121,737	105,088
Change in unearned premium	307	(881)	(12,071)	(11,869)
Earned premium	37,612	33,309	109,666	93,219
Installment and other fee income	2,889	2,537	8,593	7,417
Classic Collector
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gross written premium	4,358	4,280	12,979	12,406
Ceded reinsurance	(275)	(198)	(696)	(635)
Net written premium	4,084	4,081	12,283	11,771
Change in unearned premium	(272)	(362)	(844)	(775)
Earned premium	3,812	3,720	11,439	10,996
Installment and other fee income	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Segment Information - Underwriting income and reconciliations to Earnings before income taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$ 13,459	$ (2,817)	$ 14,782	$ (2,063)
Statutory accident year underwriting income, Combined Ratio	95.40%	100.10%	98.10%	99.40%
Bad debt charge-offs	$ 3,900	$ 4,212	$ 10,590	$ 12,409
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	4,134	590	17,237	18,646
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	$ 21,492	$ 1,985	$ 42,610	$ 28,992
Statutory calendar year underwriting income, Combined Ratio	93.10%	98.70%	95.40%	96.40%
Statutory-to-GAAP underwriting income differences	$ (3,013)	$ (2,795)	$ (10,681)	$ (8,568)
GAAP calendar year underwriting income	$ 18,479	$ (810)	$ 31,929	$ 20,424
GAAP calendar year underwriting income, Combined Ratio	94.60%	100.20%	96.90%	98.00%
Net investment income	$ 9,771	$ 8,125	$ 27,467	$ 25,115
Net realized gains on investments	(431)	1,282	1,964	1,257
Other income	376	249	1,041	727
Interest expense	(3,510)	(3,507)	(10,533)	(10,524)
Corporate general and administrative expenses	(2,158)	(1,768)	(6,876)	(5,532)
Other expenses	(844)	(375)	(1,673)	(1,455)
Earnings before income taxes	21,683	3,196	43,320	30,012
Unearned premium	637,506		637,506		$ 614,347
Personal Auto
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$ 14,571	$ (2,394)	$ 13,780	$ (978)
Statutory accident year underwriting income, Combined Ratio	94.40%	100.00%	98.20%	99.50%
Bad debt charge-offs	$ 3,302	$ 3,682	$ 9,225	$ 11,048
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	4,803	5,997	20,849	21,077
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	$ 22,676	$ 7,285	$ 43,854	$ 31,148
Statutory calendar year underwriting income, Combined Ratio	91.70%	96.80%	94.90%	95.90%
Commercial Vehicle
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$ 156	$ (336)	$ 1,992	$ (1,816)
Statutory accident year underwriting income, Combined Ratio	99.70%	100.50%	96.30%	99.60%
Bad debt charge-offs	$ 588	$ 509	$ 1,345	$ 1,322
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	(907)	(5,315)	(4,015)	(2,393)
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	$ (162)	$ (5,142)	$ (679)	$ (2,887)
Statutory calendar year underwriting income, Combined Ratio	100.60%	115.00%	98.90%	100.90%
Unearned premium	$ 2,600		$ 2,600
Classic Collector
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Statutory accident year underwriting income	$ (1,268)	$ (87)	$ (990)	$ 731
Statutory accident year underwriting income, Combined Ratio	130.90%	99.00%	106.10%	91.10%
Bad debt charge-offs	$ 9	$ 21	$ 20	$ 39
Favorable (unfavorable) development on prior accident years	237	(92)	404	(39)
Statutory calendar year underwriting income	$ (1,022)	$ (157)	$ (566)	$ 731
Statutory calendar year underwriting income, Combined Ratio	124.40%	100.90%	102.40%	91.10%