20-F

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 20-F

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

For the transition period from             to             

Commission file number 1-31517

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

China Telecom Corporation Limited

(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)

People’s Republic of China

(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

31 Jinrong Street, Xicheng District

Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100033

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Ms. Wong Yuk Har, Rebecca

China Telecom Corporation Limited

38/F, Everbright Centre

108 Gloucester Road

Wanchai, Hong Kong

Email: rebecca.wong@chinatelecom-h.com

Telephone: (+852) 2582 5819

Fax: (+852) 2157 0010

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered
American depositary shares H shares, par value RMB1.00 per share	New York Stock Exchange, Inc. New York Stock Exchange, Inc.*

* Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. of American depositary shares, each representing 100 H shares.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

As of December 31, 2017, 67,054,958,321 domestic shares and 13,877,410,000 H shares, par value RMB1.00 per share, were issued and outstanding. H shares are ordinary shares of the Company listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer  ☒    Accelerated Filer  ☐    Non-Accelerated Filer  ☐    Emerging Growth Company  ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards^† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

^†  The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification After April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.

U.S. GAAP  ☐

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☒

Other  ☐

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.    Item 17  ☐    Item 18  ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.    Yes  ☐    No  ☐

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED

TABLE OF CONTENTS

			Page
PART I			- 2 -
	Item 1.	Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers	- 2 -
	Item 2.	Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable	- 2 -
	Item 3.	Key Information	- 2 -
	Item 4.	Information on the Company	- 17 -
	Item 4A.	Unresolved Staff Comments	- 43 -
	Item 5.	Operating and Financial Review and Prospects	- 43 -
	Item 6.	Directors, Senior Management and Employees	- 59 -
	Item 7.	Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions	- 69 -
	Item 8.	Financial Information	- 77 -
	Item 9.	The Offer and Listing	- 77 -
	Item 10.	Additional Information	- 78 -
	Item 11.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	- 88 -
	Item 12.	Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities	- 93 -
PART II			- 93 -
	Item 13.	Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies	- 93 -
	Item 14.	Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds	- 94 -
	Item 15.	Controls and Procedures	- 94 -
	Item 16A.	Audit Committee Financial Expert	- 96 -
	Item 16B.	Code of Ethics	- 96 -
	Item 16C.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	- 96 -
	Item 16D.	Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees	- 96 -
	Item 16E.	Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers	- 96 -
	Item 16F.	Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant	- 96 -
	Item 16G.	Corporate Governance	- 97 -
	Item 16H.	Mine Safety Disclosure	- 98 -
	Item 17.	Financial Statements	- 98 -
	Item 18.	Financial Statements	- 98 -
	Item 19.	Exhibits	- 98 -

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to significant risks and uncertainties, and include, without limitation, statements relating to:

• our business and operating strategies and our ability to successfully execute these strategies;

• our network expansion and capital expenditure plans;

• our operations and business prospects;

• the expected benefit of any acquisitions or other strategic transactions;

• our financial condition and results of operations;

• the expected impact of new services on our business, financial condition and results of operations;

• the future prospects of and our ability to integrate acquired businesses and assets;

• the industry regulatory environment as well as the industry outlook generally; and

• future developments in the telecommunications industry in the People’s Republic of China, or the PRC.

The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “seek,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify a number of these forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, some of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are not a guarantee of future performance. We are under no obligation to update these forward-looking statements and do not intend to do so. Actual results may differ materially from the information contained in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including, without limitation, the following:

• any changes in the regulations or policies of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (prior to March 2008, the Ministry of Information Industry, or the MII), or the MIIT, and other relevant government authorities relating to, among other matters:

• the granting and approval of licenses;

• tariff or network speed policies;

• interconnection and settlement arrangements;

• capital investment priorities;

• the provision of telephone and other telecommunications services to rural areas in the PRC;

• the convergence of television broadcast, telecommunications and Internet access networks, or three-network convergence; and

• spectrum and numbering resources allocation;

• the effects of competition on the demand for and price of our services;

• any potential further restructuring or consolidation of the PRC telecommunications industry;

• changes in the PRC telecommunications industry as a result of the issuance of the fourth generation mobile telecommunications, or 4G, licenses by the MIIT;

• the development of new technologies and applications or services affecting the PRC telecommunications industry and our current and future business;

• changes in political, economic, legal and social conditions in the PRC, including changes in the PRC government’s specific policies with respect to foreign investment in and entry by foreign companies into the PRC telecommunications industry, economic growth, inflation, foreign exchange and the availability of credit;

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• results and effects of any investigation by the relevant PRC regulatory authorities; and

• the development of our mobile business is dependent on the Tower Company.

Please also see “D. Risk Factors” under Item 3.

CERTAIN DEFINITIONS AND CONVENTIONS

As used in this annual report, references to “us,” “we,” the “Company,” “our Company” and “China Telecom” are to China Telecom Corporation Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries except where we make clear that the term means China Telecom Corporation Limited or a particular subsidiary or business group only. References to matters relating to our H shares or American depositary shares, or ADSs, or matters of corporate governance are to the H shares, ADSs and corporate governance of China Telecom Corporation Limited. All references to “China Telecom Group” are to China Telecommunications Corporation, our controlling shareholder. Unless the context otherwise requires, these references include all of its subsidiaries, including us and our subsidiaries. Unless otherwise indicated, references to and statements regarding China and the PRC in this annual report do not apply to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Region or Taiwan.

PART I

Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers.

Not applicable.

Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable.

Not applicable.

Item 3. Key Information.

A. Selected Financial Data

The following table presents our selected financial data. The selected consolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, and the selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income (except for earnings per ADS) and consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report, and should be read in conjunction with those consolidated financial statements. The selected consolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 and the selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income (except for earnings per ADS) and consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014 are derived from our consolidated financial statements which are not included in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

The selected financial data reflect the acquisitions and divestment in 2013, the establishment of new subsidiaries in 2014, the tower assets disposal in 2015, the disposal of Chengdu E-store Technology Co., Ltd., or E-Store, the establishment of Tianyi Capital Holding Co., Ltd., or Tianyi Capital, and the acquisitions of the satellite communications business and Shaanxi Zhonghe Hengtai Insurance Agent Limited, or Zhonghe Hengtai, in 2017 described under “Item 4. Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—Changes in Our Corporate Organization in 2013”, “—Changes in Our Corporate Organization in 2014”, “—Establishment of the Tower Company and the Disposal and Lease of the Telecommunications Towers”, “—Disposal of E-store and Establishment of Tianyi Capital”, “—Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of the Satellite Communications Business” and “—Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of Zhonghe Hengtai.”

On December 15, 2017, we and China Telecom Satellite Communication Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of China Telecom Group, entered into an acquisition agreement, pursuant to which we agreed to purchase from China Telecom Satellite Communication Co., Ltd. the satellite communications business for a consideration of RMB70 million. We expect to settle the consideration in full in the second quarter of 2018. On December 20, 2017, we, through E-surfing Pay Co., Ltd., entered into an acquisition agreement with Shaanxi Communications Services Company Limited, or Shaanxi Comservice, which is ultimately controlled by China Telecom Group, to acquire 100% of equity interest in Zhonghe Hengtai from Shaanxi Comservice for a consideration of RMB17 million. Zhonghe Hengtai primarily engages in insurance agency business in the PRC. The consideration had been settled in full by March 23, 2018.

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Because we and the acquired satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai were under the common control of China Telecom Group, our acquisitions of the satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai were accounted for as a combination of entities under common control in a manner similar to a pooling-of interests. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the acquired satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai have been accounted for at historical amounts and our consolidated financial statements for periods prior to the respective acquisitions have been restated to include the financial position and results of operations of the acquired satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai on a combined basis. The considerations for the acquisition of the acquired satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai were accounted for as an equity transaction in the consolidated statement of changes in equity.

	As of or for the year ended December 31,
	2013 RMB			2014 RMB			2015 RMB			2016 RMB			2017 RMB			2017 US$
	(restated)(1)			(restated)(1)			(restated)(1)			(restated)(1)
	(in millions, except share numbers and per share and per ADS data)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Data:
Operating revenues		321,817			324,755			331,517			352,534			366,229			56,288
Operating expenses		(294,349	)		(296,239	)		(305,070	)		(325,314	)		(339,009	)		(52,105	)
Operating income		27,468			28,516			26,447			27,220			27,220			4,184
Earnings before income tax		23,088			23,265			26,698			24,116			24,953			3,835
Income tax		(5,422	)		(5,498	)		(6,552	)		(5,993	)		(6,192	)		(952	)
Profit attributable to equity holders of the Company		17,545			17,688			20,058			18,018			18,617			2,861
Basic earnings per share(2)		0.22			0.22			0.25			0.22			0.23			0.04
Basic earnings per ADS(2)		21.68			21.86			24.78			22.26			23.00			3.54
Cash dividends declared per share		0.08			0.08			0.08			0.09			0.09			0.01

	As of or for the year ended December 31,
	2013 RMB			2014 RMB			2015 RMB			2016 RMB			2017 RMB			2017 US$
	(restated)(1)			(restated)(1)			(restated)(1)			(restated)(1)
	(in millions, except share numbers and per share and per ADS data)
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Data:
Cash and cash equivalents		16,070			20,436			31,869			24,617			19,410			2,983
Accounts receivable, net		20,111			21,756			21,190			21,465			22,096			3,396
Total current assets		52,933			59,782			78,267			74,134			71,550			10,997
Property, plant and equipment, net		374,354			372,898			374,004			389,671			406,257			62,441
Total assets		543,414			561,537			629,747			652,558			661,194			101,624
Short-term debt		27,687			43,976			51,636			40,780			54,558			8,385
Current portion of long-term debt and payable		20,072			82			84			62,276			1,146			176
Accounts payable		81,159			88,587			118,128			122,493			119,321			18,339
Total current liabilities		200,246			206,553			256,074			319,133			275,408			42,329
Long-term debt and payable		62,617			62,494			64,830			9,370			48,596			7,469
Deferred revenues (including current portion)		2,431			1,858			2,482			3,558			3,061			470
Total liabilities		264,723			271,394			324,957			336,210			334,497			51,411
Equity attributable to equity holders of the Company		277,768			289,218			303,823			315,377			325,867			50,085
Consolidated Cash Flow Data:
Net cash generated from operating activities		88,354			96,412			108,755			101,135			96,502			14,832
Net cash used in investing activities(3)		(107,951	)		(81,715	)		(102,255	)		(99,043	)		(85,263	)		(13,105	)
Capital expenditures(3)		(70,924	)		(80,280	)		(101,903	)		(96,678	)		(87,334	)		(13,423	)
Net cash generated from / (used in) financing activities		5,637			(10,327	)		4,809			(9,555	)		(16,147	)		(2,482	)

(1) Certain comparative financial data prior to January 1, 2017 presented herein have been restated as a result of the acquisitions of the satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai from China Telecom Group. See Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report for further details.

(2) The basic earnings per share have been calculated based on the respective net profit attributable to equity holders of the Company in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 and the weighted average number of shares in issue during each of the relevant years of 80,932,368,321 shares. Basic earnings per ADS have been computed as if all of our issued and outstanding shares, including domestic shares and H shares, are represented by ADSs during each of the years presented. Each ADS represents 100 H shares.

(3) Capital expenditures are part of and not an addition to net cash used in investing activities.

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Pursuant to the shareholders’ approval at the annual general meeting held on May 23, 2017, a final dividend of RMB7,530 million (RMB0.093043 per share equivalent to HK$0.105 per share, pre-tax) for the year ended December 31, 2016 was declared, all of which has been fully paid. Pursuant to a resolution passed at the Directors’ meeting on March 28, 2018, a final dividend of approximately RMB7,518 million (RMB0.092888 per share equivalent to HK$0.115 per share, pre-tax) for the year ended December 31, 2017 was proposed for shareholders’ approval at the forthcoming annual general meeting.

Exchange Rate Information

Our business is primarily conducted in China and substantially all of our revenues are denominated in Renminbi. We present our historical consolidated financial statements in Renminbi. In addition, solely for the convenience of the reader, this annual report contains translations of certain Renminbi and Hong Kong dollar amounts into U.S. dollars at specific rates. For any date and period, the exchange rate refers to the exchange rate as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board. Unless otherwise indicated, conversions of Renminbi or Hong Kong dollars into U.S. dollars in this annual report are based on the exchange rate on December 29, 2017 (RMB6.5063 to US$1.00 and HK$7.8128 to US$1.00). We make no representation that any Renminbi or Hong Kong dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or vice versa, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the rates stated below, or at all. For a detailed explanation of the risk of currency rate fluctuations, please see “D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the People’s Republic of China— Fluctuation of the Renminbi could materially affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.” under this Item. The PRC government imposes controls over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of Renminbi into foreign exchange. Examples of such government regulations and restrictions are set forth in “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the People’s Republic of China—Government control of currency conversion may adversely affect our financial condition.”

On April 20, 2018, the daily exchange rates reported by the Federal Reserve Board was RMB6.2945 to US$1.00 and HK$7.8448 to US$1.00. The following table sets forth additional information concerning exchange rates between Renminbi and U.S. dollars and between Hong Kong dollars and U.S. dollars for the periods indicated. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates that we use in this annual report or will use in the preparation of our future periodic reports or any information to be provided to you.

	RMB per US$1.00					HK$ per US$1.00
	High		Low			High		Low
October 2017		6.6533		6.5712	October 2017		7.8106		7.7996
November 2017		6.6385		6.5967	November 2017		7.8118		7.7955
December 2017		6.6210		6.5063	December 2017		7.8228		7.8050
January 2018		6.5263		6.2841	January 2018		7.8230		7.8161
February 2018		6.3471		6.2649	February 2018		7.8267		7.8183
March 2018		6.3565		6.2685	March 2018		7.8486		7.8275
April 2018 (through April 20, 2018)		6.3045		6.2655	April 2018 (through April 20, 2018)		7.8499		7.8448

The following table sets forth the average exchange rates between Renminbi and U.S. dollars and between Hong Kong dollars and U.S. dollars for each of 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 calculated by averaging the exchange rates on the last day of each month during each of the relevant years.

Average Exchange Rate

	RMB per US$ 1.00		HK$ per US$1.00
2013		6.1412		7.7565
2014		6.1704		7.7554
2015		6.2869		7.7519
2016		6.6549		7.7618
2017		6.7350		7.7950

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

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C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk Factors

Risks Relating to Our Business

We face increasing competition, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The telecommunications industry in the PRC is rapidly evolving.

After the industry restructuring in 2008, China Unicom (Hong Kong) Limited (formerly known as China Unicom Limited), or China Unicom, and our Company have full-service capabilities and compete with each other in both wireline and wireless telecommunications services. China Mobile Limited, or China Mobile, continues to be the leading provider of mobile telecommunications services in the PRC and competes with us in mobile telecommunications services and other telecommunications services.

In December 2013, each of China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd.(formerly known as China Mobile Communications Corporation), or China Mobile Group, China Telecom Group and China United Network Communications Group Company Limited, or Unicom Group, was granted the permit to provide 4G services based on LTE/Time Division Duplex standard, or TD-LTE, technologies nationwide. In February 2015, China Telecom Group and Unicom Group were granted the permit to provide 4G services based on Frequency Division Long Term Evolution standard, or LTE FDD, technologies nationwide. In April 2018, China Mobile Group was granted the permit to provide 4G services based on LTE FDD technologies pursuant to which China Mobile can develop mobile IoT and Industrial Internet services nationwide and LTE FDD services only in rural areas. We have been authorized by China Telecom Group to operate 4G business nationwide based on both TD-LTE technologies and LTE FDD technologies. We cannot assure you that: (i) our 4G services will deliver the quality and levels of services currently anticipated; (ii) we will be able to provide all planned 4G services or we will be able to provide such services on schedule; (iii) there will be sufficient demand for 4G services for us to deliver these services profitably; (iv) our competitors’ 4G, or newer technology based, services will not be more popular among potential subscribers; or (v) we will not encounter unexpected technological difficulties in providing 4G services. The failure of any of these possible developments to occur could impede our growth, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We expect that the market competition will be further intensified as a result of our competitors obtaining permits and expanding their 4G services, which could materially and adversely affect our business and prospect.

Prior to December 2013, China Unicom, China Tietong Telecommunications Corporation, or China Railcom, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of China Mobile Group, CITIC NETWORKS Co., Ltd., and our Company were the only operators licensed by the MIIT to provide fixed-line telecommunications services in China. In December 2013, China Mobile Group received permission from the MIIT to authorize China Mobile to operate fixed-line telecommunications businesses. In December 2015, China Mobile completed its acquisition from China Mobile Group of the fixed-line telecommunications businesses operated by China Railcom. In May 2016, China Radio and Television Network Co. Ltd. received license from the MIIT to operate fixed-line broadband business. The entry of China Mobile and China Radio and Television Network Co. Ltd. has intensified and may further intensify the competition in this sector, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We also face increasing competition from other competitors outside the telecommunications industry, in particular, from Internet services providers and mobile software and application developers, such as Over-the-Top messaging or voice services providers who offer contents and services on the Internet without their proprietary telecommunications network infrastructure. These competitors are competing with us in information and application or voice services. During the past few years, some of our traditional revenue contributors have experienced a slowdown in the growth rate or negative growth, primarily due to the alternative means of communication offered by these Over-the-Top messaging or voice services becoming increasingly popular among the consumers. Though the increasing popularity of these Over-the-Top messaging or voice services has generally contributed to the increase in our Internet data traffic and Internet services revenues during the past few years, we cannot assure you that our Internet data traffic and Internet services revenue will continue to increase in the future or such increase could fully offset the negative effect of these Over-the-Top services on our voice services or short message services, or SMS. In addition, we expect that competition from competitors outside the telecommunications industry will intensify and the strategic cooperation between these competitors and telecommunications operators may even reshape the competitive landscape of the telecommunications industry in which we operate. Though we strive to maintain our competitiveness through our comprehensive transformation and upgrades strategy, we may encounter difficulties and challenges in addressing changing consumer needs and responding to the evolving competitive landscape.

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In addition, the PRC government has taken various initiatives to encourage competition in the telecommunications industry, such as the three-network convergence policy and the policy encouraging private capital to enter the industry. For more details of the three-network convergence policy, please see “Item 4. Information on the Company – B. Business Overview – Regulatory and Related Matters – Three-Network Convergence Policy.” For a series of government measures to encourage private capital to invest in telecommunications services that could compete with our services, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – B. Business Overview – Competition.” In 2017, MIIT further opened up broadband access markets to private capital in nine provinces on a province-wide basis and an additional 50 pilot cities. As of December 31, 2017, 42 mobile virtual network operators had been approved by the MIIT to conduct resale business on a pilot basis, and there were a total of 62.21 million users of mobile virtual network. As a result, the competitive landscape in the PRC telecommunications industry may further diversify, causing more intensified competition.

Increasing competition from other existing telecommunications services providers, including China Mobile and China Unicom, as well as competition from new competitors, could materially and adversely affect our business and prospect by, among other factors, forcing us to lower our tariffs, reducing or reversing the growth of our customer base and reducing usage of our services. Any of these developments could materially and adversely affect our revenues and profitability. We cannot assure you that the increasingly competitive environment and any change in the competitive landscape of the telecommunications industry in the PRC would not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our operations and further development of our mobile business is dependent on the Tower Company.

In July 2014, the Company, China United Network Communications Corporation Limited (“CUCL”) and China Mobile Communication Company Limited (“CMCL”) made the decision to jointly establish China Communications Facilities Services Corporation Limited (currently known as China Tower Corporation Limited, the “Tower Company”), and carried out the establishment of Tower Company and the transfer of certain tower assets. Upon completion of the transfer of tower assets by the Company to the Tower Company, the Company and the Tower Company entered into the Lease Agreement on July 8, 2016 that sets forth the pricing and related arrangements in relation to the lease of telecommunications towers and related assets (including both acquired towers and new towers). On February 1, 2018, the Company and the Tower Company entered into a supplemental agreement, effective from January 1, 2018, on the basis of the original Lease Agreement mainly to adjust the relevant pricing arrangement of tower products under the Lease Agreement. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—Establishment of the Tower Company and the Disposal and Lease of the Telecommunications Towers”.

The Tower Company has been and will continue to be of significant importance to the operations and further development of our mobile business and our results of operations. Construction of new tower assets has been carried out by the Tower Company since the completion of the transfer of tower assets and, in principle, we expect the Tower Company will continue to carry out the construction of new tower assets in the future. Therefore, our mobile business has depended on and will continue to depend on the lease arrangement between us and the Tower Company. However, since we do not control the Tower Company, we cannot assure you that it will act in the best interests of us or the services of the Tower Company can sufficiently support our business needs and future plans.

The Lease Agreement, as may be further supplemented and amended from time to time, provides for pricing adjustment mechanism under which the fees may be further negotiated or agreed upon after considering effects of inflation, significant fluctuations in the real estate market or the steel price, many of which are beyond our control, and such pricing adjustment mechanism may result in a further adjustment of the fees charged to us by the Tower Company in the future. Furthermore, prior to the expiration of lease periods of individual towers, we have to negotiate with the Tower Company new leases of such tower, we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into new leases at all or on favorable terms with the Tower Company. Due to our reliance on Tower Company for tower assets, if we fail to use the relevant tower assets at our desired locations and on terms and conditions that are favorable to us to maintain or expand our mobile network coverage, or if we cannot receive quality and stable services in a timely and economically viable manner from the Tower Company, the operations and further growth of our mobile business as well as our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Further, during 2016 and 2017, the SEC issued comment letters relating to the Company’s previously filed annual reports on Form 20-F for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016. The comment letters inquired mainly about the background, execution process, and accounting treatment in relation to the Company’s disposal and lease of telecommunications towers and related assets with the Tower Company. The Company responded to these comment letters and was notified by the SEC in its letter dated October 20, 2017 that it has completed its review of such previously filed annual reports of the Company. The SEC did not in its October 2017 letter require us to make any amendment to those previously filed annual reports. However, there is no assurance that the SEC will not issue comment letters on our disclosure relating to these and future transactions with the Tower Company.

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We will continue to be controlled by China Telecom Group, which could cause us to take actions that may conflict with the best interests of our other shareholders.

China Telecom Group, a state-owned enterprise owned by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, or the SASAC, owned approximately 70.89% of our outstanding shares as of April 23, 2018. Accordingly, subject to our Articles of Association and applicable laws and regulations, China Telecom Group, as our controlling shareholder, will continue to be able to exercise significant influence over our management and policies by:

• controlling the election of our Directors and, in turn, indirectly controlling the selection of our senior management;

• determining the timing and amount of our dividend payments;

• approving our annual budgets;

• deciding on increases or decreases in our share capital;

• determining issuance of new securities;

• approving mergers and acquisitions; and

• amending our Articles of Association.

The interests of China Telecom Group as our controlling shareholder could conflict with our interests or the interests of our other shareholders. As a result, China Telecom Group may take actions with respect to our business that may not be in our or our other shareholders’ best interests.

We depend on China Telecom Group and its other subsidiaries to provide certain services and facilities for which we currently have limited alternative sources of supply.

In addition to being our controlling shareholder, China Telecom Group, by itself and through its other subsidiaries, also provides us with services and facilities necessary for our business activities, including, but not limited to:

• use of international gateway facilities;

• provision of services in areas outside our service regions necessary to enable us to provide end-to-end services to our customers;

• use of certain inter-provincial optic fibers; and

• lease of properties and assets.

The interests of China Telecom Group and its other subsidiaries as providers of these services and facilities may conflict with our interests. We currently have limited alternative sources of supply for these services and facilities. Therefore, we have limited leverage in negotiating with China Telecom Group and its other subsidiaries over the terms for the provision of these services and facilities. Termination or adverse changes of the terms for the provisions of these services and facilities could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—Industry Restructuring and Our Acquisition of the CDMA Business in 2008” and “—Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of the CDMA Network Assets and Associated Liabilities” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions” for a description of the services and facilities provided by China Telecom Group and its other subsidiaries.

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Since our services require interconnection with networks of other operators, disruption in interconnections with those networks could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Under the relevant telecommunications regulations, telecommunications operators are required to interconnect with networks of other operators. China Telecom Group entered into interconnection settlement agreements with other telecommunications operators, including Unicom Group and China Mobile Group. We entered into an interconnection settlement agreement, as amended, with China Telecom Group, which allows our networks to interconnect with China Telecom Group’s networks as well as networks of the other telecommunications operators, with whom China Telecom Group had interconnection arrangements. The effective provision of our voice, Internet and other services requires interconnection between our networks and those of China Telecom Group, Unicom Group, China Mobile Group and other telecommunications operators. Any interruption in our interconnection with the networks of those operators or other international telecommunications carriers with which we interconnect due to technical or competitive reasons may affect our operations, service quality and customer satisfaction, and, in turn, our business and results of operations. In addition, any obstacles in existing interconnection arrangements and leased line agreements or any change in their terms, as a result of natural events, accidents, or for regulatory, technological, competitive or other reasons, could lead to temporary service disruptions and increased costs that may seriously jeopardize our operations and adversely affect our profitability and growth.

We may be unable to obtain sufficient financing to fund our capital requirements, which could limit our growth potential and prospects.

We believe that cash from operations, together with any necessary borrowings, will provide sufficient financial resources to meet our projected capital and other expenditure requirements. However, we may require additional funds to the extent we have underestimated our capital requirements or overestimated our future cash from operations. In addition, a significant feature of our business strategy is to transform our Company into a leading integrated intelligent information services provider, which may require additional capital resources. The cost of implementing new technologies, upgrading our networks, expanding capacity or acquisitions of businesses or assets may be significant. Furthermore, in order for us to effectively respond to technological changes and more intensive competition, we may need to make substantial investments in the future.

Financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, any future issuance of equity securities, including securities convertible or exchangeable into or that represent the right to receive equity securities, may require approval from the relevant government authorities. Our ability to obtain additional financing will depend on a number of factors, including:

• our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;

• general market conditions for financing activities by telecommunications companies; and

• economic, political and other conditions in the markets where we operate or plan to operate.

We cannot assure you that we can obtain sufficient financing at commercially reasonable terms or at all. If adequate capital is not available on commercially reasonable terms, our growth potential and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, additional issuances of equity securities will result in dilution to our shareholders. Incurrence of debt would result in increased interest expense and could require us to agree to restrictive operating and financial covenants.

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If we are not able to respond successfully and cost-efficiently to technological or industry developments, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

The telecommunications market is characterized by rapid advancements in technology, evolving industry standards and changes in customer needs. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in responding to these developments. In addition, new services or technologies, such as mobile Internet, the three-network convergence, cloud computing and Internet of Things, may render our existing services or technologies less competitive. In the event we do take measures to respond to technological developments and changes in industry standards, the integration of new technology or industry standards or the upgrading of our networks may require substantial time, effort and capital investment. For example, we have begun to research and develop Software-Defined Networking (“SDN”) and Network Functions Virtualization (“NFV”) technologies so as to build a neat, swift, efficiently centralized and open network structure in order to provide visual network, free resource selection and self-service experience and to increase the flexibility of networks, the utilization rate of resources and the ability to provide services rapidly. However, the successful deployment and application of such cutting edge technologies depend on a number of factors, including the integration of legacy networks and cloud security related challenges. We cannot assure you that we will succeed in integrating these new technologies and industry standards or adapting our network and systems in a timely and cost-effective manner, or at all. Our inability to respond successfully and cost-efficiently to technological or industry developments may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and competitiveness.

Our ability to respond to technological developments in a cost-efficient manner may also be adversely affected by external factors, some of which are beyond our control. For example, the development in 5G technology is expected to have a major impact on our services. We have been engaged in standards formulation, network technology trial runs as well as planning of the application of 5G services towards commercialization. In addition, we have been taking the initiatives to explore and research on the feasibility study of collaborative development of 5G and 4G. We have devoted, and will continue to devote, substantial resources in the development of 5G technology. However, various details concerning 5G services are still uncertain, including the timing of the issuance of 5G permits, the frequency bands allocated to 5G services and relevant regulations. In addition, there is no assurance that we will be able to roll out 5G services in an economically viable manner to gain favorable market share based on reasonable commercial terms with business partners without undue delay. If we are unable to respond to these uncertainties, the expected benefits from our investment in development of 5G technology would not be fully realized or at all and such inability to respond to these uncertainties may materially and adversely affect our business in the future.

We face a number of risks relating to our Internet-related services.

We currently provide a range of Internet-related services, including dial-up and broadband Internet access, and Internet-related applications. We face a number of risks in providing these services.

Our network may be vulnerable to cyber attacks, including unauthorized access, computer viruses, denial of service and use of malicious software. Cyber attacks may cause equipment failures, loss of information, including confidential or otherwise protected information stored in our customers’ computer systems and mobile phone systems, failure or perceived failure to comply with applicable privacy, security, or data protection laws or regulations, as well as disruptions to our operations or our customers’ operations. We have devoted significant resources to network security, data security and other security measures to protect our systems and data, but we cannot assure you that the security measures we have implemented will not be circumvented or otherwise fail to protect the integrity of our network, including our mobile network. The economic costs to us to eliminate or alleviate cyber attacks could be significant and may be difficult to estimate or calculate because the loss may differ based on the identity and motive of the programmer or hacker, which are often difficult to identify. Eliminating computer viruses and other security problems may also require interruptions, delays or suspension of our services, reduce our customer satisfaction and cause us to incur costs. Cyber attacks may also subject us to litigations, liabilities for information loss, breach of confidentiality of private information, and/or reputational damage. While, to date, we have not been subject to cyber attacks which, individually or in the aggregate, have been material to our operations or financial condition, we cannot assure you that we will not experience them in the future. Due to the evolving nature of cybersecurity threats, the scope and impact of any future incident cannot be predicted. While we continually work to safeguard our systems and mitigate potential risks, there is no assurance that such actions will be sufficient to prevent cyber attacks or security breaches that manipulate or improperly use our systems or networks, compromise confidential or otherwise protected information, destroy or corrupt data, or otherwise disrupt our operations. The occurrence of such events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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In addition, because we provide connections to the Internet and host websites for customers and develop Internet content and applications, we may be perceived as being associated with the content carried over our network or displayed on websites that we host. We cannot and do not screen all of this content and may face litigation claims due to a perceived association with this content. These types of claims have been brought against other providers of online services in the past. Regardless of the merits of the lawsuits, these types of claims can be costly to defend, divert management resources and attention, and may damage our reputation.

Revenues derived from our voice services may continue to decline, which may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

Revenues from our voice services continued to decline during the past several years. Our revenues from voice services decreased by 10.8% from RMB78,661 million in 2015 to RMB70,185 million in 2016 and further decreased by 12.1% to RMB61,678 million in 2017. Percentage of revenues derived from our voice services out of our total operating revenues also continued to decrease, from 23.8% in 2015 to 19.9% in 2016 and 16.8% in 2017.

Of revenues from our voice services, revenues from wireline voice services decreased by 12.2% in 2016 compared to 2015 and further decreased by 14.3% in 2017 and the percentage of revenues derived from our wireline voice services out of our total operating revenues also continued to decrease, from 9.0% in 2015 to 7.4% in 2016 and 6.1% in 2017. This is primarily due to the fact that we continued to lose wireline telephone subscribers resulting from the increasing popularity of mobile voice services and other alternative means of communication, such as Over-the-Top messaging services. The number of our wireline telephone subscribers decreased by 5.6% at the end of 2016 compared to that at the end of 2015 and further decreased by 4.0% at the end of 2017.

Revenues from our mobile voice services decreased by 9.9% in 2016 compared to 2015 and further decreased by 10.8% in 2017 and the percentage of revenues derived from our mobile voice services out of our total operating revenues also continued to decrease, from 14.8% in 2015 to 12.5% in 2016 and 10.7% in 2017. In recent years, while the number of subscribers of our mobile services and mobile voice usage have continued to grow, due to the increasing popularity of alternative means of communication and the continued decrease in our tariffs for mobile voice services, revenues from our mobile voice services still continued to decrease.

We cannot assure you that we will be successful in slowing down the decline of our revenues generated from voice services. Migration from voice services to other alternative means of communication may further intensify and tariffs for voice services may further decrease in the future, which may affect the financial performance of our voice services and thus adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and prospects as a whole.

We may suffer damage to our reputation due to communications fraud carried out on our network.

Communications fraud, in which a person defrauds another by means of telecommunications technologies including SMS, telephone, and Internet, poses a risk to us. If communications fraud is committed over our network, we may incur liability as a result of the inadequacy in our measures to prevent such fraud. On September 23, 2016, six departments including the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, the MIIT, the People’s Bank of China and the China Banking Regulatory Commission jointly released the Announcement on Preventing and Cracking Down on Telecom and Internet Frauds (关于防范和打击电信网络诈骗犯罪的通告) and the MIIT issued the Implementation Opinions on the Work of Further Prevention and Crack Down on Communications Fraud (关于进一步防范和打击通讯信息诈骗工作的实施意见) on November 7, 2016. We have implemented various measures to strengthen our management and control over sales and distribution channels, including full scale implementation of the compliance review of sales agencies. In addition, we have continued to implement and enhance real name registration and verification of customers by taking and storing the photo or video of customers when they conduct business with us either online or offline, strengthened management of new subscribers and maintained a whitelist of 400 telephone numbers, which are often registered by enterprise customers for marketing, technology support and aftersales services. We also have established an information security system to identify suspicious calls, text messages and software. We have formulated customer personal information collection and usage rules and procedures and have initiated awareness campaigns. However, there is no assurance that such measures will prevent communications fraud effectively. Communications fraud as a result of our failure in implementing the real name registration measure may result in claims being brought against us and may damage our reputation and could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

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Risks Relating to the Telecommunications Industry in the PRC

The current and future government regulations and policies that extensively govern the telecommunications industry may limit our flexibility in responding to market conditions as well as competition, and may have a material adverse effect on our profitability and results of operation.

Our business is subject to extensive government regulation. The MIIT, which is the primary telecommunications industry regulator under the PRC’s State Council, regulates, among other things:

• industry policies and regulations;

• licensing;

• competition;

• telecommunications resource allocation;

• service standards;

• technical standards;

• tariff policies;

• interconnection and settlement arrangements;

• enforcement of industry regulations;

• universal service obligations;

• network information security;

• network access license approval for telecom equipment and terminals; and

• network construction plans.

Other PRC governmental authorities also take part in regulating tariff policies, capital investment and foreign investment in the telecommunications industry. The regulatory framework within which we operate may constrain our ability to implement our business strategies and limit our flexibility to respond to market conditions.

For example, the PRC governmental authorities have promulgated various regulations, rules, guidance opinions and other directives regarding network speed upgrade and tariff reduction. On May 20, 2015, the office of the State Council promulgated the Guidance Opinions Regarding Expediting the Development of the High-Speed Broadband Network and Promoting the Speed Upgrade and Tariff Reduction, calling for the telecommunications operators to reduce the data tariffs. As a result, we carried out a series of measures, including launching the upgrade service in October 2015 which allowed handset data subscribers who subscribe to our monthly data packages to rollover the unused data remaining in the monthly packages to the next month. In addition, we ceased to charge handset subscribers domestic long distance and roaming fees on and from September 1, 2017. Meanwhile, we have significantly reduced the fees of international, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan long distance calls since May 1, 2017 and also have reduced the tariff of Internet dedicated line access for small and medium enterprises in 2017.

On March 5, 2018, the Government Work Report presented in the first plenary session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the PRC included certain policy requirements regarding network speed upgrade and tariff reduction, including requirements to: (i) increase efforts in implementing network speed upgrade and tariff reduction measures; (ii) achieve full coverage of high-speed broadband in cities and rural areas; (iii) expand the coverage of free Wifi Internet access in public areas; (iv) substantially reduce the tariffs of household broadband, corporate broadband and dedicated leased line; (v) cancel data roaming fee; and (vi) reduce mobile data tariff by at least 30% in 2018. We expect to roll out corresponding measures in due course to meet the policy requirements.

Though we strive to sustain our competitive advantages through various initiatives, our revenues and profitability may be negatively and materially affected by these requirements on network speed upgrade and tariff reduction. We may also have to devote substantial resources, incur significant expenses and make strategic adjustment of business and operation strategies in order to meet these requirements and maintain our competitive advantages. Failure to effectively respond to such evolving standards in a timely and cost-efficient manner may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may face further policy requirements imposed by the PRC government on network speed upgrade and price adjustment in the future. Any such requirements could materially and adversely affect our revenues, profitability and results of operations.

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Moreover, on January 6, 2016, the MIIT issued the Guidance on the Wholesale Price Adjustments of Mobile Telecommunication Resale Business (关于移动通信转售业务批发价格调整的指导意见), pursuant to which the MIIT required that the wholesale price for resale of mobile telecommunications services should be lower than the per unit price (or package price) for similar services of the mobile networks operators. On December 1, 2016, the amended PRC Regulations on the Management of Radio Operation (中华人民共和国无线电管理条例) came into effect. The amended provision provided that a permit is required for using certain radio frequencies, which may be obtained through a bidding process or auctions. As such, we may incur additional costs in the future when we need to obtain the permit to use certain radio frequencies, such as the frequency bands for 5G, which will affect our cost structure. In addition, the PRC government has taken various initiatives and promulgated a number of regulations to encourage private capital to invest in the telecommunications industry, all of which have intensified, and are expected to continue to intensify, the competition in the telecommunications industry in the PRC. See “ – D. Risk Factors – Risks Relating to our Business – We face increasing competition, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.”

The regulations and policies that govern the telecommunications industry in the PRC have experienced continuous changes in the past several years. Any significant future changes in regulations or policies that govern the telecommunications industry may have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.

The PRC government may require us, along with other providers in the PRC, to provide universal services with specified obligations, and we may not be compensated adequately for providing such services.

Under the Telecommunications Regulations promulgated by the State Council, telecommunications service providers in the PRC are required to fulfill universal service obligations in accordance with relevant regulations to be promulgated by the PRC government. The MIIT has the authority to delineate the scope of universal service obligations. The MIIT, together with other governmental authorities, is also responsible for formulating administrative rules relating to the establishment of a universal service fund and compensation schemes for universal services. The PRC government currently uses financial resources to compensate for the expenses incurred in the “Village to Village” and the “Broadband China” projects before the establishment of a universal service fund. See “Item 4. Information on the Company – B. Business Overview – Regulatory and Related Matters – Universal Services.” However, the compensation from the PRC government may not be sufficient to cover all of our expenses for providing the telecommunications services under the “Village to Village” and the “Broadband China” projects.

Under the Telecommunications Regulations, all PRC telecommunications operators shall provide universal services, and we expect to perform our duties thereunder accordingly. We may not be able to realize adequate return on investments for expanding networks to, and providing telecommunications services in, those economically less developed areas due to potentially higher capital expenditure requirements, lower usage by customers and lack of flexibility in setting our tariffs. If we are required to provide universal services with specified obligations without proper compensation by the government, our business and profitability may be adversely affected.

We have experienced incidents of executive misconduct in the past, which could adversely impact our reputation, our financial condition and results of operations as well as the trading price of our securities.

According to the information disclosed on the website of Communist Party of China Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, or the CCDI, and Ministry of Supervision of the PRC, or the MOS, on December 27, 2015, Mr. Chang Xiaobing, the former Chairman of Unicom Group and the then Chairman of China Telecom Group was under investigation by such authorities for suspected serious disciplinary violations. Mr. Chang was appointed as the chief executive officer of the Company on September 1, 2015 and the director and chairman of the Company on October 23, 2015. On December 30, 2015, Mr. Chang resigned from his positions as the executive director, chairman and chief executive officer of the Company with effect from the same date. Prior to his resignation, Mr. Chang had worked at the Company for four months. Mr. Chang was sentenced to six years of imprisonment over corruption charges in May 2017. According to the information disclosed on the website of the CCDI and the MOS on September 29, 2017, Mr. Zhen Caiji, the former Party Secretary and President of China Academy of Telecommunications Technology was expelled from the Communist Party of China and dismissed from public service for serious disciplinary violations and was under investigation of suspected criminal violations. Mr. Zhen was appointed as an executive vice president of the Company on November 4, 2016 and resigned from the position of executive vice president of the Company on May 22, 2017. Prior to his resignation, Mr. Zhen had worked at the Company for seven months. The investigation and trial conducted by the PRC authorities on Mr. Chang and Mr. Zhen may harm our reputation and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations as well as the trading price of our securities.

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Risks Relating to the People’s Republic of China

Substantially all of our assets are located in the PRC and substantially all of our revenues are derived from our operations in the PRC. Accordingly, our results of operations and prospects are subject, to a significant extent, to the economic, political and legal developments in the PRC.

The PRC’s economic, political and social conditions, as well as government policies, could affect our business.

Substantially all of our business, assets and operations are located in the PRC. The PRC’s economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including without limitation:

• government involvement;

• level of development;

• growth rate;

• control of foreign exchange; and

• allocation of resources.

While the PRC’s economy has experienced significant growth in the past 30 years, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures benefit the overall economy of the PRC, but may also have a negative effect on us.

Economic developments in the PRC have a significant effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Although the PRC has been one of the world’s fastest growing economies in terms of GDP growth in the past 30 years, the economic growth of the PRC has experienced a marked slowdown in the past few years and may continue to slow down. For example, the GDP growth rate of the PRC decreased from 11.4% in 2007 to 6.9% in 2017. The PRC economy may continue to grow at a relatively slow pace in the next few years. There is no assurance that the GDP growth rate of the PRC will not further decline. A slowdown in economic growth could reduce business activities and demand for our services. The global economy may continue to deteriorate in the future and continue to have an adverse impact on the PRC economy. Any significant slowdown in the PRC economy could have a material adverse effect on the PRC telecommunications industry as well as our business and operations.

Government control of currency conversion may adversely affect our financial condition.

We receive substantially all of our revenues in Renminbi, which currently is not a freely convertible currency. A portion of these revenues must be converted into other currencies to meet our foreign currency obligations. These foreign currency-denominated obligations include:

• payment of interest and principal on foreign currency-denominated debt;

• payment for equipment and materials purchased offshore; and

• payment of dividends declared, if any, in respect of our H shares.

Under the PRC’s existing foreign exchange regulations, we will be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the PRC government may take measures at its discretion in the future to restrict access to foreign currencies for both current account transactions and capital account transactions. We may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs, if the PRC government restricts access to foreign currencies for current account transactions.

Foreign exchange transactions under our capital account, including but not limited to foreign currency-denominated borrowings from foreign banks, issuance of foreign currency-denominated debt securities, if any, and principal payments in respect of foreign currency-denominated obligations, continue to be subject to significant foreign exchange controls and require the approval of or registration with SAFE or certain banks designated by SAFE, as applicable. These limitations could affect our ability to obtain foreign exchange through debt or equity financing, or to obtain foreign exchange to meet our payment obligations under the debt securities, if any, or to obtain foreign exchange for capital expenditures.

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Fluctuation of the Renminbi could materially affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We receive substantially all of our revenues, and our financial statements are presented, in Renminbi. The value of the Renminbi against U.S. dollar and other currencies fluctuates and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRC’s and international political and economic conditions. Since 1994, the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including Hong Kong and U.S. dollars, has been based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China, which are set daily based on the previous business day’s inter-bank foreign exchange market rates and current exchange rates on the world financial markets. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a managed floating exchange rate system to allow the value of the Renminbi to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of currencies. In April 2012, the PRC government expanded the daily floating band of Renminbi trading prices against the U.S. dollar in the inter-bank spot foreign currency exchange market from 0.5% to 1.0%, which was further expanded to 2.0% in March 2014. Fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect the value, translated or converted into U.S. dollars or Hong Kong dollars, of our net assets, earnings and any declared dividends payable on our H shares in foreign currency terms. Our financial condition and results of operations may also be affected by changes in the value of certain currencies other than the Renminbi, in which our obligations are denominated. For further information on our foreign exchange risks and certain exchange rates, see “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data—Exchange Rate Information” and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Foreign Exchange Rate Risk.” We cannot assure you that any future movements in the exchange rate of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies will not adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

The PRC legal system has inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protections available to you.

We were incorporated under PRC laws and are governed by our Articles of Association. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, the PRC government has promulgated laws and regulations dealing with economic matters such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade. However, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited number of published cases and their non-binding nature, interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties.

The ability of our shareholders to enforce their rights in respect of violations of corporate governance procedures may be limited. In this regard, our Articles of Association provide that most disputes between holders of H shares and our Company, directors, supervisors, officers or holders of domestic shares, arising out of our Articles of Association or the PRC Company Law and related regulations concerning the affairs of our Company, are to be resolved through arbitration by an arbitration tribunal in Hong Kong or the PRC, rather than by a court of law. Awards that are made by PRC arbitral authorities recognized under the Arbitration Ordinance of Hong Kong can be enforced in Hong Kong. Hong Kong arbitration awards are also enforceable in the PRC. However, to our knowledge, no action has been brought in the PRC by any holder of H shares to enforce an arbitral award, and we are uncertain as to the outcome of any action, if brought in the PRC to enforce an arbitral award made in favor of holders of H shares. See “Item 10. Additional Information—B. Memorandum and Articles of Association.”

To our knowledge, there has not been any published report of judicial enforcement in the PRC by holders of H shares of their rights under the Articles of Association of a PRC company or the PRC Company Law.

Unlike in the United States, the applicable PRC laws did not specifically allow shareholders to sue the directors, supervisors, senior management or other shareholders on behalf of the corporation to enforce a claim against such party or parties that the corporation has failed to enforce itself until January 1, 2006, when the amendments to the PRC Company Law passed on October 27, 2005 became effective. Although the amended PRC Company Law provides that shareholders, under certain circumstances, may sue the directors, supervisors and senior management on behalf of the company, no detailed implementation rules or judicial interpretations have been issued in this regard. In addition, our minority shareholders may not be able to enjoy protections to the same extent afforded to shareholders of companies incorporated under the state laws of the United States.

Although we will be subject to the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Listing Rules”) and the Hong Kong Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Buy-backs (the “Codes”), the holders of H shares will not be able to bring actions on the basis of violations of the Listing Rules or the Codes, and must rely on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and The Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong to enforce the Listing Rules or the Codes, as the case may be.

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You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process and enforcing judgments against us and our management.

We are a company incorporated under PRC laws, and substantially all of our assets and our subsidiaries are located in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors and officers reside within the PRC, and substantially all of the assets of our directors and officers are located within the PRC. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States or elsewhere outside the PRC upon most of our directors or officers, including with respect to matters arising under applicable laws and regulations. Moreover, our PRC counsel has advised us that the PRC does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the United States, the United Kingdom or most other Western countries. Our Hong Kong counsel has also advised us that Hong Kong has no arrangement for the reciprocal enforcement of judgments with the United States.

As a result, recognition and enforcement in the PRC of judgments of a court in the United States and any of the other jurisdictions mentioned above in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible.

Holders of H shares may be subject to PRC taxation.

Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC, or the EIT Law, and its implementing regulations, holders of our H shares or ADSs which are “non-resident enterprises” for the EIT Law’s purpose are subject to enterprise income tax at the rate of 10.0% with respect to dividends paid by us and income derived from sale of our H shares or ADSs, unless reduced under an applicable tax treaty. In addition, a resident enterprise, including a foreign enterprise whose “de facto management body” is located in the PRC, is not subject to any PRC income tax with respect to dividends paid to it by us. The capital gains realized by such resident enterprise are subject to the PRC enterprise income tax. Specifically, according to the Notice of the PRC State Administration of Taxation Concerning the Withholding Enterprise Income Tax on Dividend Distributed by PRC Resident Enterprises to Overseas Non-Resident Enterprise Holders of H shares issued in November 2008 and the Approval of the PRC State Administration of Taxation Concerning the Collection of Enterprise Income Tax on Dividend from B-shares Received by Non-Resident Enterprise issued in July 2009, when PRC resident enterprises distribute dividend to overseas non-resident enterprise holders of H shares for the year 2008 and the years thereafter, the 10.0% enterprise income tax will be withhold. The Company will withhold the 10.0% enterprise income tax when it pays dividend to holders of H shares or ADSs who are non-resident enterprises. See “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—People’s Republic of China.”

Furthermore, dividends paid by us to holders of our H shares or ADSs who are individuals outside the PRC are subject to a withholding tax of 20.0% unless reduced by an applicable tax treaty. For example, Hong Kong and Macau individual residents are subject to a withholding tax of 10.0% on dividends paid to them. In addition, gains realized by individuals upon the sale or other disposition of our H shares or ADSs are temporarily exempted from PRC capital gains tax. If the exemptions are withdrawn in the future, holders of our H shares or ADSs who are individuals may be required to pay PRC capital gains tax upon the sale or other disposition of our H shares. See “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation— People’s Republic of China.”

Natural disasters and health hazards in the PRC may severely disrupt our business and operations and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Several natural disasters and health hazards have struck mainland China in recent years. In 2013, a major earthquake registering 7.0 on the Richter scale struck Sichuan Province, and floods struck 18 provinces including Gansu and Heilongjiang Provinces, causing widespread damages to telecommunications equipment in the affected areas and resulting in disruptions of the telecommunications services. In 2014, three major earthquakes registering 6.1, 6.5 and 6.6, respectively, on the Richter scale struck Yunan Province and another major earthquake registering 6.3 on the Richter scale struck Sichuan Province, causing severe damages to telecommunications equipment as well as disruptions to telecommunications services in the affected areas. In July 2016, southern China suffered severe rainstorms and flooding, which resulted in significant damages to the telecommunications equipment in the affected areas. In 2017, several natural disasters struck mainland China, including the heaviest rainfall ever recorded hitting Hunan Province, a major earthquake registering 7.0 on the Richter scale struck Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province and typhoons “Heavenly Pigeon” and “Paka” successively hit Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces, causing severe damages to the telecommunications equipment in the affected areas. We are unable to predict the effect, if any, that any future natural disasters and health hazards may have on our business. Any future natural disasters and health hazards may, among other things, significantly disrupt our ability to adequately staff our business, and may generally disrupt our operations. Furthermore, such natural disasters and health hazards may severely restrict the level of economic activity in affected areas, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our business and prospects. As a result, any severe natural disasters or health hazards may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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The audit reports included in this annual report have been prepared by our independent registered public accounting firm whose work may not be inspected fully by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and, as such, you may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection.

Our independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit reports included in our annual reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, as auditors of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or the PCAOB, is required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards.

Because we have substantial operations within the PRC and the PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections of the work of our independent registered public accounting firm as it relates to those operations without the approval of the Chinese authorities, our independent registered public accounting firm is not currently inspected fully by the PCAOB. This lack of PCAOB inspections in the PRC prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating our independent registered public accounting firm’s audits and its quality control procedures. As a result, investors may be deprived of the benefits of PCAOB inspections.

Inspections of other firms that the PCAOB has conducted outside the PRC have identified deficiencies in those firms’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct full inspections of auditors in the PRC makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside the PRC that are subject to PCAOB inspections. Investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information and procedures and the quality of our financial statements.

If the settlement reached between the SEC and the Big Four PRC-based accounting firms (including the Chinese affiliate of our independent registered public accounting firm), concerning the manner in which the SEC may seek access to audit working papers from audits in China of US-listed companies, is not or cannot be performed in a manner acceptable to authorities in China and the US, we could be unable to timely file future financial statements in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

In late 2012, the SEC commenced administrative proceedings under Rule 102(e) of its Rules of Practice and also under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 against the mainland Chinese affiliates of the “Big Four” accounting firms (including the mainland Chinese affiliate of our independent registered public accounting firm). A first instance trial of the proceedings in July 2013 in the SEC’s internal administrative court resulted in an adverse judgment against the firms. The administrative law judge proposed penalties on the Chinese accounting firms including a temporary suspension of their right to practice before the SEC, although that proposed penalty did not take effect pending review by the Commissioners of the SEC. On February 6, 2015, before a review by the Commissioner had taken place, the Chinese accounting firms reached a settlement with the SEC whereby the proceedings were stayed. Under the settlement, the SEC accepts that future requests by the SEC for the production of documents will normally be made to the CSRC. The Chinese accounting firms will receive requests matching those under Section 106 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and are required to abide by a detailed set of procedures with respect to such requests, which in substance require them to facilitate production via the CSRC. If they fail to meet specified criteria, the SEC retains authority to impose a variety of additional remedial measures on the Chinese accounting firms depending on the nature of the failure. Remedies for any future noncompliance could include, as appropriate, an automatic six-month bar on a single firm’s performance of certain audit work, commencement of a new proceeding against a firm, or in extreme cases the resumption of the recently-stayed proceeding against all four firms. The SEC also reserves the right to resume those proceedings in circumstances where, notwithstanding the accounting firms’ compliance with the procedures in the settlement agreement, the SEC does not receive a production of documents which it considers satisfactory (for example because of action or inaction by the Chinese authorities).

In the event that the SEC restarts the administrative proceedings, depending upon the final outcome listed companies in the United States with major PRC operations may find it difficult or impossible to retain auditors in respect of their operations in the PRC, which could result in financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, including possible delisting. Moreover, any negative news about any such future proceedings against these accounting firms may cause investor uncertainty regarding China-based, United States-listed companies and the market price of our ADSs may be adversely affected.

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If the Chinese affiliate of our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, even temporarily, the ability to practice before the SEC and we were unable to timely find another registered public accounting firm to audit and issue an opinion on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determined not to be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the delisting of our ordinary shares from the NYSE or deregistration from the SEC, or both, which would substantially reduce or effectively terminate the trading of our ADSs in the United States.

Item 4. Information on the Company.

A. History and Development of the Company

Our Restructuring and Initial Public Offering in 2002

We were incorporated under PRC laws on September 10, 2002 as a joint stock company with limited liability under the name “China Telecom Corporation Limited”. As part of our initial restructuring, China Telecom Group’s telecommunications operations in Shanghai Municipality, Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province, together with the related assets and liabilities, were transferred to us in consideration of 68,317,270,803 of our shares.

Following our restructuring, China Telecom Group continues to be the holder of the licenses required for operating our telecommunications business. In accordance with the approval of the MIIT, we derive our exclusive rights to operate basic telecommunications business from our status as a subsidiary controlled by China Telecom Group, and China Telecom Group must hold and maintain all licenses received from the MIIT in connection with our business for our benefits. The government currently does not charge license fees for the telecommunications licenses held by China Telecom Group.

In 2002, we successfully completed our initial public offering of H shares and raised approximately RMB10,659 million in aggregate net proceeds for us. Upon completion of our initial public offering, our H shares have been listed for trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and ADSs representing our H shares have been listed for trading on the NYSE.

Industry Restructuring and Our Acquisition of the CDMA Business in 2008

Industry Restructuring in 2008

In 2008, pursuant to a joint announcement relating to the further reform of the telecommunications industry in the PRC issued by the MIIT, the NDRC and the MOF, the following restructuring transactions took place in the telecommunications industry: (a) the acquisition by China Telecom Group of the assets of the CDMA network and the acquisition by us of the subscriber base of the CDMA network then owned by China Unicom; (b) the acquisition by China Telecom Group of the basic telecommunications service business operated by China Satellite Communications Corporation, or China Satellite; (c) the merger between China Unicom and China Netcom; and (d) the acquisition of China Railcom by China Mobile.

Our Acquisition of the CDMA Business

On July 27, 2008, we, China Unicom and China Unicom Corporation Limited entered into an acquisition agreement, or the CDMA Acquisition Agreement, pursuant to which we agreed to acquire from China Unicom Corporation Limited the CDMA Business and related assets and liabilities (including the entire equity interest in China Unicom (Macau) Company Limited and 99.5% of the equity interest in Unicom Huasheng Telecommunications Technology Co. Ltd., or Unicom Huasheng) for a total consideration of RMB43,800 million. The cost of the acquisition had been fully paid by us by February, 2010.

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Related Transactions

Lease of capacity on the CDMA Network by our Company from China Telecom Group

On July 27, 2008, China Telecom Group, Unicom Group, and Unicom New Horizon Mobile Telecommunications Company Limited, or Unicom New Horizon, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Unicom Group, entered into a CDMA network disposal agreement, pursuant to which Unicom Group and Unicom New Horizon sold the CDMA cellular telecommunications network constructed by Unicom New Horizon, or the CDMA Network, to China Telecom Group for a consideration of RMB66,200 million, or the CDMA Network Acquisition. On October 1, 2008, China Telecom Group completed the acquisition of the CDMA Network. On July 27, 2008, we entered into a CDMA network capacity lease agreement with China Telecom Group to lease the capacity on the CDMA Network from China Telecom Group. As we acquired from China Telecom Group certain assets and associated liabilities relating to the CDMA network in 2012, we did not renew the CDMA network capacity lease agreement with China Telecom Group after it expired on December 31, 2012.

Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of the CDMA Network Assets and Associated Liabilities

On August 22, 2012, we and China Telecom Group entered into an acquisition agreement, or CDMA Network Acquisition Agreement, pursuant to which we agreed to purchase from China Telecom Group certain assets and associated liabilities relating to the CDMA network located in 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the PRC for an initial consideration of RMB84,595.41 million, subject to an adjustment based on the change in the value of such assets and associated liabilities from March 31, 2012 to the completion date, or the Mobile Network Acquisition. The Mobile Network Acquisition was completed on December 31, 2012, or the Completion Date, and the final consideration of the Mobile Network Acquisition was agreed to be RMB87,210.35 million, or the Final Consideration.

Pursuant to the CDMA Network Acquisition Agreement, (i) RMB25,500 million of the Final Consideration was paid in January 2013 and (ii) the balance of the Final Consideration, or the Deferred Payment, will be payable at any time on or before the fifth anniversary of the Completion Date. Payment of the Final Consideration was and will be funded from our internal resources and relevant debt financing sources. The Company may, from time to time, prepay all or part of the Deferred Payment at any time after the Completion Date without any penalty until the fifth anniversary of the Completion Date. The Company will pay interest on the outstanding amount of the Deferred Payment to China Telecom Group at half-yearly intervals and the interest will accrue from the day following the Completion Date. The interest rate will be set at a five basis points premium to the yield of the five-year super AAA rated Medium Term Notes most recently published by the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors before the Completion Date and will be adjusted once a year in accordance with the last yield of the five-year super AAA rated Medium Term Notes published by the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors at the end of each year. The interest rates for the first year, the second year, the third year, the fourth year and the fifth year after the Completion Date are 4.83%, 6.25%, 5.11%, 4.00% and 4.11%, respectively. In the event any amount payable by the Company under the CDMA Network Acquisition Agreement is not paid when due, the Company will be subject to liquidated damages on such amount at a daily rate of 0.03% of the arrears from the date following the applicable due date to the date when such amount has been paid in full. As of December 31, 2017, the Deferred Payment had been paid off and the last payment was made on December 26, 2017.

Changes in Our Corporate Organization in 2013

On April 26, 2013, the Company entered into a disposal agreement with China Telecom Group, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to China Telecom Group an 80% equity interest in E-surfing Media Co., Ltd., or E-surfing Media, a subsidiary of the Company primarily engaging in providing platform operating services for mobile Internet video and Internet video and offering video services for subscribers through cooperation with content providers, for an initial consideration of RMB1,195 million. The initial consideration was subject to an adjustment based on 80% of the change in the book value of the net assets of E-surfing Media during the period from December 31, 2012 to the completion date of the disposal. The risks and rewards of the ownership of the equity interest in E-surfing Media were transferred to China Telecom Group on June 30, 2013. The final consideration was arrived at RMB1,248 million and received by the Company by December 31, 2013.

On June 9, 2013, we set up a wholly-owned subsidiary, iMUSIC Culture & Technology Co., Ltd., or iMUSIC, which engages in the provision of music production and related information services. The registered capital of iMUSIC is RMB250 million.

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On August 19, 2013, we set up a subsidiary, Zhejiang Yixin Technology Co., Ltd., or Zhejiang Yixin, with Netease, Inc., a leading Internet technology company in China, to launch “YiChat”, a mobile Internet multimedia instant messaging application for smartphones. As of December 31, 2017, Zhejiang Yixin had a registered capital of RMB11.23 million, of which 65% is owned by us and the remaining 35% is owned by Netease, Inc.

On December 16, 2013, China Telecom Global Limited, or China Telecom Global, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company primarily engaged in the provision of international value-added network services, entered into an acquisition agreement with China Telecom Group, pursuant to which China Telecom Global agreed to purchase from China Telecom Group 100% of the equity interest in China Telecom (Europe) Limited, or China Telecom Europe, for an initial consideration of RMB261 million. The consideration was subject to an adjustment based on the change in the net asset value of China Telecom Europe from June 30, 2013 to the completion date. The initial consideration was paid within 15 business days upon the completion of the acquisition. The acquisition was completed on December 31, 2013, and the final consideration was RMB278 million, which was paid by June 30, 2014.

Changes in Our Corporate Organization in 2014

On June 17, 2014, we set up a wholly-owned subsidiary, E-store, which engages in software technology development. The registered capital of E-store is RMB45 million.

Establishment of the Tower Company and the Disposal and Lease of the Telecommunications Towers

On July 11, 2014, the Company, CUCL and CMCL entered into a Promoters’ Agreement for China Communications Facilities Services Corporation Limited to jointly establish the Tower Company. The registered capital of the Tower Company was RMB10 billion. The Company, CUCL and CMCL subscribed for 2.99 billion shares, 3.01 billion shares and 4.00 billion shares, respectively, of the Tower Company in cash at a par value of RMB1.00 per share, representing a shareholding percentage of 29.9%, 30.1% and 40.0%, respectively. The Tower Company was registered on July 15, 2014 and was renamed as China Tower Corporation Limited on September 2, 2014. We had paid in our subscription of the registered capital of the Tower Company by December 31, 2014.

On October 14, 2015, the Company entered into the Transfer Agreement with (i) CMCL and related subsidiaries (together, “Mobile”), (ii) CUCL and Unicom New Horizon Telecommunications Company Limited (“New Horizon”, together with CUCL, “Unicom”), (iii) China Reform Holding Company Limited (“CRHC”) and (iv) the Tower Company. Pursuant to the Transfer Agreement, the Company agreed to sell certain telecommunications towers and related assets in an aggregate amount of RMB30,131 million and inject cash in the amount of RMB2,966 million to the Tower Company in exchange for 33,097 million new shares, with a par value of RMB1.00 per share, issued by the Tower Company. The cash injected by the Company into the Tower Company under the Transfer Agreement was funded by the Company using its internal cash resources. All conditions precedent to the completion of the transactions contemplated under this agreement were fulfilled and completion of the transactions contemplated under this agreement occurred on October 31, 2015. As a result, the Company, Mobile, Unicom and CRHC own 27.9%, 38.0%, 28.1% and 6.0%, respectively, of the share capital of the Tower Company. On January 29, 2016, the Company and the Tower Company entered into a Share Subscription Agreement to acknowledge the number and price of the shares issued by the Tower Company to the Company.

The Company realized a gain (subject to deduction of relevant expenses and taxes) from the tower assets disposal described above, which was calculated based on the surplus of the final consideration for the tower assets disposal over the book value of such assets as of the completion date. The total gain from the tower assets disposal was RMB7,231 million. As the Company holds 27.9% of the share capital of Tower Company following the completion of such tower assets disposal, 72.1% of the aforesaid gain has been recognized at the completion date of such tower assets disposal in the Company’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income for 2015 and the remaining 27.9% of the aforesaid gain is deferred over the remaining useful life of the tower assets. Upon completion of the disposal of tower assets by the Company to the Tower Company, the Company and Tower Company entered into the Lease Agreement on July 8, 2016 that sets forth the pricing and related arrangements in relation to the lease of telecommunications towers and related assets (including both acquired towers and new towers). On February 1, 2018, the Company and Tower Company entered into a supplemental agreement on the basis of the original Lease Agreement mainly to adjust the relevant pricing arrangement of tower products under the Lease Agreement and such adjustment shall be effective from January 1, 2018.

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The Tower Company is primarily engaged in the construction, maintenance and operation of telecommunications towers as well as ancillary facilities. The Tower Company will have a significant effect on the growth of our mobile business and our results of operations, please see “Item 3. Key Information – D. Risk Factors - Risk Relating to Our Business – Our operations and further development of our mobile business is dependent on the Tower Company”. We have leveraged the rich towers resources of the Tower Company to promptly and effectively expand our 4G network coverage and density, remedy the weakness of having relatively less base stations at 800 MHz bandwidth and improve our network competitive strength; in the long term, we would benefit from the operations of the Tower Company in the following aspects: (i) we would enhance our long-term profitability by leveraging on the existing tower assets as well as the cooperation made possible by the Tower Company; and (ii) as one of the major shareholders of the Tower Company, we would benefit from its future earnings and value enhancement.

Disposal of E-store and Establishment of Tianyi Capital

On September 25, 2017, the Company entered into a disposal agreement with Besttone Holding Co., Ltd., or Besttone Holding, a subsidiary of China Telecom Group, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to Besttone Holding the 100% equity interest in E-store for an initial consideration of RMB249 million, which was concluded based on the valuation of the equity interest in E-store as of March 31, 2017. In addition, an adjustment was made to the initial consideration to arrive at the final consideration based on the change in the book value of the net assets of E-store during the period from March 31, 2017 to the completion date of the disposal. The control of the equity interest in E-store was transferred to Besttone Holding on October 31, 2017. The final consideration was arrived at RMB251 million, among which the initial consideration amounting to RMB249 million was received by us on November 16, 2017.

On November 30, 2017, we set up a wholly-owned subsidiary, Tianyi Capital, which engages in capital investment activities and provision of consulting services. The registered capital of Tianyi Capital is RMB5,000 million.

Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of the Satellite Communications Business

On December 15, 2017, we and China Telecom Satellite Communication Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of China Telecom Group, entered into an acquisition agreement, pursuant to which we agreed to purchase from China Telecom Satellite Communication Co., Ltd. the satellite communications business for a consideration of RMB70 million. We expect to settle the consideration in full in the second quarter of 2018.

Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of Zhonghe Hengtai

On December 20, 2017, we, through E-surfing Pay Co., Ltd., entered into an acquisition agreement with Shaanxi Comservice, which is ultimately controlled by China Telecom Group, to acquire 100% of equity interest in Zhonghe Hengtai, from Shaanxi Comservice for a consideration of RMB17 million. Zhonghe Hengtai primarily engages in insurance agency business in the PRC. The consideration had been settled in full by March 23, 2018.

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Organizational Structure

Set out below is a chart illustrating our corporate structure and significant subsidiaries as of April 23, 2018:

(1) Formerly known as China Telecom (Hong Kong) International Limited

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(2) Formerly known as China Unicom (Macau) Company Limited.

(3) Formerly known as Unicom Huasheng Telecommunications Technology Co., Ltd.

(4) Formerly known as Bestpay Co., Ltd.

In addition, our Company has a branch in each of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions and four centrally administered municipalities in the PRC.

In 2017, we established a branch at Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province. This branch is dedicated to operating telecommunications businesses in Xiongan New Area to promote the construction of telecommunications infrastructure and development of key services in this area.

General Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 31 Jinrong Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, PRC 100033 and our telephone number is (+86-10) 5850-1800. Our website address is www.chinatelecom-h.com. The information on our website is not a part of this annual report. We have appointed CT Corporation System at 13^th floor, 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10011 as our agent for service of process in the United States.

B. Business Overview

We are an integrated information service provider in the PRC with full-service capabilities. Following our acquisition of the CDMA Business in 2008, we began to offer a comprehensive range of telecommunications services, including Internet services, information and application services, voice services, telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment and other related services. See “—A. History and Development of the Company—Industry Restructuring and Our Acquisition of the CDMA Business in 2008” under this Item.

Since 2005, we have started to implement our business strategy of transformation from a traditional basic telecommunications service provider to a leading integrated intelligent information services operator. Specifically, we have enhanced our efforts in developing our non-voice services, such as Internet services, and information and application services, in achieving optimization of business structure and enhanced competitive strength. We aim to provide differentiated and innovative services to create value for customers by leveraging on our integrated resources.

In January 2009, the MIIT issued to China Telecom Group, our controlling shareholder, a license to operate 3G business nationwide based on CDMA2000 technology. We have been authorized by China Telecom Group to operate CDMA2000 3G mobile business in the PRC. We launched our CDMA2000 3G mobile services in March 2009.

In December 2013 and February 2015, the MIIT issued to China Telecom Group, our controlling shareholder, a license to operate 4G business nationwide based on TD-LTE technology and LTE FDD technology, respectively. We have been authorized by China Telecom Group to operate 4G mobile business in the PRC.

Our Operation Strategy

In 2017, we advanced our transformation and upgrades strategy. We grasped and embraced the new development trend of intelligent era, with network intelligentization, service ecologicalization and operation intellectualization as the direction of our transformation and upgrades, and strived to be a leading integrated intelligent information services operator.

• Network intelligentization is the foundation of our transformation and upgrades. Being guided by CTNet2025 Network Structure White Paper, we promoted our network reconstitution, introduced technologies such as SDN and NFV and sped up upgrades of network and equipment, endeavoring to build a new style network featuring neatness, efficient centralization, swiftness and openness. We also accelerated the enhancement of our basic network capabilities and firmly promoted the evolution of network intelligentization.

• Service ecologicalization is the core of our transformation and upgrades. We proactively established our five business ecosphere, namely Intelligent Connection, Smart Family, New ICT Applications, IoT and Internet Finance. We continuously strengthened our competitive edges while also expanded open cooperation to proactively build the co-sharing, co-innovation and co-prosperity “Ecosystem-Tetris”. Through strategic cooperation, open platform and complementation of capabilities, partners along the value chain could work together to form an ecosystem with diversity, complementarity, flexibility, convergence and innovation so as to satisfy customers’ demand and create new value.

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• Operation intellectualization is the key to our transformation and upgrades. Driven by Big Data as a force, we endeavored to build market and frontline-driven operational systems to enhance operational management efficiency. In 2017, we initially established the enterprise-level Big Data platform characterized with “centralization, openness and cloudification”, accomplished the core data convergence of network, platform and operation, and launched several Big Data applications.

In 2017, we also accelerated the formation of operation systems and organization mechanisms in alignment with our transformation and upgrades. We continued to stimulate our corporate vitality through various initiatives such as the “sub-division of performance evaluation units”.

In 2017, we focused on developing our 4G business through rapidly growing our 4G customers base and increasing the Internet data traffic of our 4G customers by diversifying and optimizing our packages and promotion of data traffic products such as the “large data traffic package”. We continued to expand our optic fiber broadband services to promote intelligent upgrade in broadband. We reinforced our efforts in developing and promoting information and application services to attract more customers. We accelerated the transformation of marketing channels, promoted the synergy among different channels and improved marketing capabilities and efficiency. With “multi-mode” handsets became the international standard in 2017 and its continuous popularization, the sales channels of our terminals and services were further expanded. We focused on improving service quality to enhance customer experience through various measures such as the commitment of “installation within one day, repairs within one day, compensation in the event of delay” for broadband service.

Subscribers and Service Usage

Our operating revenues depend largely on the size of our customer base, usage volume and the level and structure of our tariffs. The following table shows our selected operating data as of the dates and for the periods indicated.

	As of or for the year ended December 31,
	2015		2016		2017
Mobile subscribers (in millions)		197.9		215.0		250.0
of which: 4G users (in millions)		58.5		121.9		182.0
Mobile voice usage (in billion minutes)		667.5		720.6		769.2
Handset data traffic (in kTB)		554.7		1,277.0		3,597.0
4G users DOU (in megabyte)		751		1,029		2,012
Wireline broadband subscribers (in millions)		113.1		123.1		133.5
of which: Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) subscribers (in millions)		71.0		106.0		126.2
Access lines in service (in millions)		134.3		126.9		121.8
Wireline local voice usage (in billion pulses)		110.9		93.4		75.1
e-Surfing HD subscribers (in millions)		40.4		61.3		85.8
BestPay average monthly active users (in millions)		3.5		16.2		33.0
Internet of Things connected devices (in millions)		1.0		14.2		44.3

Our Products and Services

Internet Services

Our Internet services consist of wireline Internet access services, including dial-up and broadband services, and mobile Internet access services. Internet services have become increasingly important in our revenue structure. We offer Internet services through integrated and customizable service plans along with other services, which create the synergy that mutually benefits our Internet, mobile and other services.

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In 2017, we focused on promotion of Hundred-Mbps broadband products with trial runs of Gbps products and continued to accelerate the optic fiber upgrade of our network and to increase the broadband connection speed. We launched Gbps broadband products in more than 150 key cities in China and primarily achieved full coverage of our optic fiber network all over China. In 2017, by utilizing our competitive wireline broadband access capacity, we continued to promote Smart Family ecosystem and develop and incorporate new applications and services in order to build customer loyalty and increase the overall value of our services. In addition, we set up an “intraday” standard for our installation and repair services to further improve customer satisfaction. The number of our wireline broadband subscribers reached 133.5 million as of December 31, 2017, up by 8.5% from 123.1 million as of December 31, 2016. The net increase of our wireline broadband subscribers in 2017 recorded a five year high. Among these subscribers, Fiber-to-the-Home subscribers, or FTTH subscribers, reached 126.2 million, accounting for approximately 94.5% of the total wireline broadband subscribers as of December 31, 2017, representing an increase of 19.0% over the number of FTTH subscribers as of December 31, 2016.

Moreover, we further enhanced the coverage and access capabilities of our wireless broadband network by focusing on developing our 4G services. In 2017, we established superior full coverage 4G network characterized with high- and low-frequency collaboration. We built approximately 280,000 new 4G base stations, reaching a total of approximately 1.2 million 4G base stations as of December 31, 2017, and deployed 4G+ (LTE-A) in all cities. Our offering of 4G services through integrated and customizable service plans along with other services, sales of approximately 130 million of “6-mode” handsets in China and innovative promotion initiatives such as “red packet” cashback to “BestPay” users promoted the rapid growth of our 4G services customer base in 2017. In addition, we diversified our products, optimized our 4G packages, and promoted the data traffic products including “large data traffic package” and “targeted function package” to increase the Internet data traffic of our customers. As of December 31, 2017, the number of our 4G users reached 182.0 million, up by 49.4% from 121.9 million as of December 31, 2016 and accounting for 72.8% of our mobile subscribers. In 2017, our total handset Internet data traffic reached 3,597.0 kTB, representing a significant increase of 181.7% over 2016, of which the aggregate 4G handset Internet data traffic increased nearly 3.3 times, and the monthly average mobile data traffic per 4G user reached 2,012 MB, representing an increase of 95.5% over 2016 and significantly contributing to the volume and revenue of our data services.

Information and Application Services

Our information and application services include several core applications namely Internet protocol TV (e-surfing HD), or IPTV (e-surfing HD), family cloud, intelligent WiFi networking, e-surfing gateway, smart speaker and video call as well as Internet data center, or IDC, services, cloud hosting services and content delivery networks, or CDN, services which are based on wireline Internet related services. In addition, we have SMS, multimedia messaging services, or MMS and email services, content based services and applications, such as content services relating to video and music, and industry-specific applications for government and enterprises, such as government administration and supervision, transport and logistics, digital hospital, Global Eye, which is a video surveillance solution based on IP technology, and integrated e-Surfing radio-frequency identification, or RFID services, which are based on wireline voice related services.

We strengthened our research and development capability in relation to the emerging businesses with demonstrable results. In developing Smart Family products, we leveraged our resources advantage to implement centralized and efficient operations on a full-scale to form and operate the Smart Family alliance, and developed four core applications, namely e-Surfing HD, intelligent WiFi networking, family cloud and video call, achieving stable expansion in the subscriber base. By the end of 2017, the number of e-surfing HD subscribers reached approximately 85.8 million, representing a net increase of 24.4 million over last year. With respect to the development of internet finance, we promoted certain new services including consumer finance installments and “red packet” cashback to “BestPay” users. The number of average monthly active users of “BestPay” reached 33.0 million in 2017, representing an increase of 103.6% over last year. Approximately 15% of our new subscribers in 2017 are “BestPay” users. With respect to the development of Internet of Things (“IoT”), leveraging on our first-mover advantages on NarrowBand-IoT (“NB-IoT”) network and the inherent advantage in the coverage reach of 800MHz frequency, we have established a NB-IoT network with broad coverage and high quality nationwide and commenced commercial launch in 31 provinces in 2017. We continued to upgrade our IoT open platform. We were the first to publish the NB-IoT module white paper and promoted the rapid development of the upstream of the industrial chain through various measures such as module subsidy and project traction. We have developed 34 models of NB-IoT communication modules of 30 brands with mass production capacity. We proactively expanded into vertical fields such as Smart City, White Goods, Internet of Livestock, and took the lead to launch smart applications and products with industry-leading partners to establish new benchmark of new generation IoT. With respect to the development of cloud services, we improved the infrastructure deployment of cloud and IDC as well as launching “e-Surfing cloud 3.0” products.

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We experienced rapid growth in our IDC services in 2017. Revenue from IDC service was RMB19,103 million, representing an increase of 19.9% over last year, while revenue from cloud service was RMB2,410 million, representing an increase of 61.5% over last year. Revenue from Big Data services was RMB769 million, representing an increase of 87.6% over last year. We published the “Internet+” Action White Paper and prominently enhanced the scale and quality of big orders. IDC serves as important network foundation to cloud and Big Data services. We have leveraged on the advantage of convergence of cloud and network and optimized our cloud and IDC resource layout by constructing the “2+31+X” framework in China. In 2017, based on a new generation of IoT with nationwide coverage as foundation, we successfully constructed Connectivity Management Platform and enriched terminals products, endeavoring to expand connection scale.

Voice Services

Our voice services include mobile voice services and wireline voice services.

Prior to September 1, 2017, our mobile voice services included local calls, domestic long distance calls, international long distance calls, intra-provincial roaming, inter-provincial roaming and international roaming. We ceased to charge mobile voice services subscribers domestic long distance and roaming fees on and from September 1, 2017. In 2017, we further developed our 4G services through increased marketing efforts in open channel sales of “6-mode” handsets.

Amid the intense market competition in 2017, the number of subscribers of our mobile services grew by 16.3% from 215.0 million as of December 31, 2016 to 250.0 million as of December 31, 2017. The mobile voice usage increased to 769.2 billion minutes in 2017 from 720.6 billion minutes in 2016.

Our wireline voice services include local wireline services, domestic long distance wireline services and international, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan long distance wireline services. The total number of wireline telephone subscribers decreased to 121.8 million as of December 31, 2017 from 126.9 million as of December 31, 2016. The total wireline local voice usage decreased by approximately 19.6% from 93.4 billion pulses in 2016 to 75.1 billion pulses in 2017.

The decrease in the number of wireline telephone subscribers and wireline voice service usage was primarily attributable to the increasing penetration of mobile voice and other alternative communication means, such as Over-the-Top messaging services and the migration of some of our wireline telephone subscribers to our mobile services.

In addition, we continued to enhance the scale development of industry applications to attract government and enterprise subscribers.

Telecommunications Network Resource Services and Lease of Network Equipment

Our telecommunications network resource services primarily include services relating to our optic fiber and circuits, such as optic fiber and circuit leasing; virtual private network, or VPN, and bandwidth leasing. We offer telecommunications network resource services as certain of our total telecommunications solutions to large enterprise customers, including government agencies, large corporations and institutions. Many of these customers choose to lease our circuits to form VPNs based on various technologies, and links their local area networks at different locations. We also collaborate with a number of international telecommunications service providers to provide global communications services for multinational corporations. In addition, we lease network equipment to large enterprise customers.

In 2017, we continued to focus on government, financial and large enterprise customers. Our marketing efforts focused on providing global one-stop shop, tailored services and comprehensive solutions to these customers. These customers can enjoy a full range of consulting and technical support and services by contacting any of our designated account managers.

Other Services

Our other services primarily include sales and repairs and maintenance of equipment as well as the resale of mobile services.

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Our Customers and Brand Management

In 2017, we continued to promote our full-service brand names under the brand “China Telecom”, and further enhanced “China Telecom” as our leading brand name through, among others, promoting our “e-Surfing 4G+”, “multi-mode” handsets, telecommunication optic fiber broadband as well as Smart Family businesses. Through providing contents to our services on a multi-dimensional level and our coordinated marketing efforts, we continue to enhance the brand recognition and market influence for “China Telecom”.

Tariffs

Prior to May 2014, the levels and categorization of most of our current tariffs were subject to regulation by various government authorities. As a result of the governmental effort to gradually ease the regulations on the tariffs, the MIIT and the NDRC issued the Notice on Implementing the Market Based Tariffs for Telecommunications Services, pursuant to which, effective from May 10, 2014, telecommunications operators are permitted to set the tariffs of all telecommunications services based on the cost, customers’ demand and market conditions. See “—Regulatory and Related Matters—Tariff Setting” included elsewhere under this Item.

Wireline Voice Services

For our local wireline telephone services, we charge usage fees based on call usage.

Currently, all domestic long distance wireline services using public switched telephone network, or PSTN, are charged at the unified rate with a discount rate during off-peak hours.

We offer international, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan long distance wireline services through the international gateways of China Telecom Group. China Telecom Group negotiates bilateral settlement arrangements and rates based on the international settlement standards in the telecommunications industry, and we follow those settlement arrangements and rates.

Mobile Voice Services

Generally we charge subscribers of our mobile voice services the following categories of tariffs: local usage charges, long-distance call charges and roaming charges. However, in 2016, we waived domestic long distance call charges and roaming charges for voice services in our new 4G subscription plans. By the end of 2016, we stopped offering subscription plans with separate billing for long distance call charges and roaming charges, and all new plans had nationally uniform prices for voice services domestically. In addition, we ceased to charge handset subscribers domestic long distance and roaming fees on and from September 1, 2017.

With respect to international, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan roaming of our mobile voice services, we provide roaming services to our customers and determine the roaming charges in accordance with roaming agreements between China Telecom Group and the international, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan operators.

Internet Services and Information and Application Services

We determine tariffs for these services according to market conditions. In addition, pursuant to the policy requirements of the PRC government regarding network speed upgrade and tariff reduction, we have reduced the tariff of Internet dedicated line access for small and medium enterprises in 2017.

Telecommunications Network Resource Services and Lease of Network Equipment

Telecommunications Network Resource Services. We determine the tariffs for our telecommunications network resource services according to market conditions. We generally charge a fee for installation of our telecommunications network resource services and a fixed monthly fee. We offer various promotion discounts for our customers who wish to upgrade to higher bandwidth services. These promotion discounts have stimulated demand for our telecommunications network resource services in recent years.

Lease of Network Equipment. We determine the tariffs for our lease of network equipment according to market conditions. We generally charge monthly fees for leased network equipment on a discount basis and leased network equipment tariffs have generally decreased in recent years. We provide different discounts to our customers on a case by case basis.

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Interconnection and Roaming Arrangements

Interconnection

Interconnection refers to various arrangements that permit the connection of our networks to other mobile, fixed-line networks or Internet backbone networks. These arrangements provide for the sharing and settlement of revenues from the base usage charges and, if applicable, roaming charges and domestic and international long distance charges as well as the interconnection arrangement and settlement of Internet backbone networks.

China Telecom Group entered into interconnection settlement agreements with other telecommunications operators, including Unicom Group and China Mobile Group. We entered into an interconnection settlement agreement, as amended, with China Telecom Group, which allows our networks to interconnect with China Telecom Group’s networks as well as networks of the other telecommunications operators, with whom China Telecom Group had interconnection arrangements. Our interconnection arrangements with China Telecom Group and other telecommunications operators enable our subscribers to communicate with the subscribers of those operators and to make and receive local, domestic and international long distance calls and to access the Internet backbone networks. All interconnection and settlement arrangements among public wireline telephone, mobile, and Internet networks in the PRC are governed by the Telecommunications Regulations promulgated by the State Council and the Telecommunications Regulations and the Administrative Rules on Interconnection between the Public Telecommunications Networks promulgated by the MIIT. See “— Regulatory and Related Matters—Interconnection” included elsewhere under this Item.

International Roaming

As for voice and data services, we provide international roaming services to our subscribers, which allow them to access mobile telecommunications services and use voice, SMS and data services while they are physically outside of their registered service area but in the coverage areas of other mobile telecommunications networks in other countries and regions with which we or our roaming sponsor have roaming arrangements.

As of December 31, 2017, subscribers of our mobile services can roam on mobile networks in more than 200 countries and regions based on international roaming agreements between China Telecom Group and the local CDMA operators or GSM/WCDMA/LTE roaming providers. A mobile service subscriber using roaming services is charged at our roaming usage rates for both incoming and outgoing calls, plus applicable long distance tariffs. With respect to international roaming, we settle roaming revenues and expenses with international operators in accordance with roaming agreements between China Telecom Group and the international operators. China Telecom Group has also agreed to arrange for us to participate in its future international roaming arrangements.

Marketing, Sales, Distribution and Customer Services

Marketing, Sales and Distribution

Our marketing strategy is to establish our image as a full-service telecommunications service provider and utilize our comprehensive services platform and nationwide marketing and distribution network. We have devoted substantial efforts in advertisements to promote recognition of and loyalty to our products and services. In order to respond to market competition as well as attract and motivate customers to use our services, we have also combined certain voice and data products into one integrated service plan to targeted customers to address their telecommunications needs.

In order to achieve the scale development of our business, we tailored products and marketing strategies to target different customer groups. For the government and enterprise market, we fully leveraged the integrated edges of networks, cloud computing and security capability, vigorously developed new types of information and communication technology, or ICT, and industrial Internet services, cloud and Big Data business, provided differentiated and innovative services for healthcare, education, government, industrial Internet and other key industries to expand the user base. For the family market, we focused on development of optic fiber broadband, increased the end-to-end speed and enriched the contents for e-Surfing HD and Smart Family applications to provide overall information technology solutions. For the individual market, we focused on differentiated applications, attracting new customers through “4G + Application” to accelerate the acquisition of 4G users. In addition, we seek to further expand our business in the rural areas through establishing distribution channels and setting up all-network stores in towns to achieve “one town, one store” coverage. For the overseas market, we accelerated our resources layout in the key countries and areas involved in the “One Belt One Road” initiative rolled out by the PRC government, in order to provide integrated solutions for overseas carriers, overseas Chinese companies and multinational corporations.

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We implement our marketing strategy through an integrated sales and distribution channel network, which covers: (i) dedicated service channel comprising customer managers specifically assigned to market our services to industrial clients, commercial clients and campus clients; (ii) electronic-based service channel such as customer service hotlines, online service centers, mobile applications and third-party e-commerce platforms; (iii) business outlets channel, including self-owned and third-party business outlets (including mobile handset chain stores, electronics chain stores, supermarkets and large-scale telecommunications equipment distribution stores). As part of our strategy to provide integrated services, we continue to enhance resources sharing with respect to information relating to sales and distribution across our sales and distribution networks. In 2017, we deepened the promotion of professional operation of channels, effectively expanded the channel scale, enhanced synergy among channels, and remarkably improved sales and service capabilities of the channels. Regarding physical stores, we expanded the coverage in key areas and strategically focused on business districts, communities and rural areas. At the same time, we managed to improve the overall operation effectiveness of self-owned business outlets. In electronic channels, we enhanced our sales capabilities through integrated online and offline operations and innovative sales initiatives such as precision marketing and promotion of targeted function packages. In direct sales channels, we improved government and enterprise clients’ customer satisfaction through an integrated sales, support and service team.

Since 2015, we have provided channel sales incentives to the terminal industry to encourage handset manufacturers to produce popular 4G handsets that are compatible with our network, which in turn enriched our 4G handset portfolio. In addition, we and China Unicom jointly published the “White Paper of “6-mode Multi-mode” Handsets” in July 2016 to promote “6-mode” handsets and provide more convenience to customers. “multi-mode” handsets became the national standard in 2016 and the international standard in 2017. The continuous popularization of the “multi-mode” terminals expanded the sales channels of our terminals and services. The portfolio of handsets offered was further enlarged and the cost performance was further enhanced. By the end of 2017, we offered approximately 790 4G terminal devices models, including approximately 491 “multi-mode” 4G terminal models and 324 4G+ terminal models to our customers. The sales of “multi-mode” 4G terminal models accounted for approximately 80% of the total 4G terminal models sold to our customers in 2017.

Furthermore, we have adopted various marketing approaches and initiatives, such as customer experience, customer relationship management, SMS, telesales, sales plans and joint promotion with our business partners such as Internet portal companies and software development companies, to promote our products and services, in particular, our information and application services.

Customer Service

We provide customer services through all channels on our integrated sales and distribution channel network. Our customer services typically include service inquiries, service applications, customers’ complaints, product and service promotions, service initiation and termination, payment reminder services and emergency services. Through establishing and implementing our customer full-service standard, we have significantly improved our basic customer services, such as service processing time, request responding time and providing service related and other information to customers through text messages. To strengthen customer relations, we are committed to promoting premium-level services and scaled up bonus points rewards to customers.

In 2017, we made the following enhancements to our customer service:

• We promoted the dynamic optimization of 4G network and provided customers with services such as ‘web history tracking inquiry’ and ‘access to global roaming service with one click’.

• For the broadband services, we made a commitment of “installation within one day, repairs within one day, compensation in the event of delay”, and organized a professional engineering team to provide intelligent Wifi networking service to facilitate customer self-service.

• The platform processing capability of BestPay was enhanced while the interface process of customer service was optimized, increasing the efficiency of business operation.

• e-Surfing HD service provided mobile self-troubleshooting service.

• A service system for IoT was built, in which self-service function was provided to customers through WeChat public account and self-service portal systems.

• The Cloud Computing and Big Data services improved the customer service system, and the self-service capability at the customer end was improved.

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In 2017, we continued to maintain leading position in the industry in terms of customer satisfaction in both wireline and mobile Internet access services by the MIIT.

Information Technology System

We employ our information technology, or IT, system to support our voice services and other services. In recent years, through continuous upgrading, our IT system has the capability to support our wireline, mobile and other services on an integrated basis and to support other services related operations such as account opening, billing and customer services.

Network System

Our network has extensive coverage and scale and employs a variety of advanced technologies and suitable architecture. It offers comprehensive functions and a reliable operation. In addition, it supports a comprehensive range of end-to-end telecommunications services and enables customized products to be delivered for a variety of telecommunications needs. Our network system is managed and operated by our experienced network management and maintenance teams and is supported by our strong research and development capabilities. And in light of future advances in technology, we have formulated viable plans to migrate our network system efficiently to the next generation.

On December 31, 2012, we completed the acquisition from China Telecom Group of certain assets and associated liabilities relating to the CDMA network located in 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the PRC. In addition, we lease certain CDMA network facilities in Xizang Autonomous Region from China Telecom Group and have the exclusive right to use and operate such CDMA network to provide our CDMA mobile services. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of the CDMA Network Assets and Associated Liabilities” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions” for details.

Network Architecture

Our network system consists of access networks, data networks, core networks, transport networks, service networks and support networks.

• Access networks: Access networks include wireline access network based on copper cables and optic fibers and wireless access network based on CDMA, TD-LTE and LTE FDD, which are directly connected to customers to provide data and voice services.

• Data networks: Data networks include Internet network and basic data network, and provide network support for all telecommunications services based on IP.

• Core networks: Core networks include our wireline telephone network, mobile core network, and support our basic telecommunications services.

• Transport networks: Transport networks provide electronic transmission of various service signals for access networks, data networks and core networks.

• Service networks: The service networks provide the platform and ancillary systems for a variety of value-added services and application products.

• Support networks: Support networks include signaling networks, digital synchronous networks and various network management systems, in order to support the reliable and effective operation of our networks and services at all levels.

Low frequency refarming

We obtained permits from MIIT to refarm the 800MHz frequency resources and make use of the unoccupied frequency resources for 4G network construction. We have utilized the advantage in the coverage reach of the low frequency of 800MHz by rapidly finishing the construction of 4G network in rural areas at a low cost, achieving nationwide full coverage of 4G, as well as deepening the coverage and supplementing the volume of 4G data in urban areas.

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With the support of our nationwide 4G network, we have established a NB-IoT network with broad coverage and high quality nationwide to support development of the ecosystems around our business and our Voice over LTE (“VoLTE”) network was ready for commercialization.

Equipment procurement

We purchase most of our network equipment from leading international and domestic suppliers. We purchase a variety of network equipment from domestic suppliers, such as transport equipment and local switches. We make most of our purchases through competitive tenders primarily based on product and service quality, system compatibility and price.

Purchases from our five largest suppliers of telecommunications equipment accounted for approximately 23.8% of our total amount of annual purchases in 2017. Purchases from our single largest supplier of telecommunications equipment accounted for approximately 10.3% of our total amount of annual purchases in 2017.

Competition

Following the industry restructuring in 2008, China Unicom and our Company have full-service capabilities and compete with each other in both wireline and wireless telecommunications services. China Mobile continues to be the leading provider of mobile telecommunications services in the PRC and competes with us in mobile telecommunications services and other telecommunications services. In December 2013 and May 2016, China Mobile and China Radio and Television Network, respectively, received a license from the MIIT to operate fixed-line businesses, leading to intensified competition in this sector.

Since the PRC’s accession to the WTO, foreign operators have been permitted to gradually increase their investments in the telecommunications industry in the PRC. Like domestic service providers, foreign operators are subject to the licensing requirements of the MIIT. In addition, investments by foreign operators may not exceed limits set forth in the relevant laws and regulations with respect to the amount of investment and percentage of total ownership interests that foreign operators are permitted to make in telecommunications enterprises in the PRC. For example, the foreign ownership in basic telecommunications services will be subject to a limit of 49.0%, and the foreign ownership in value-added telecommunications services other than e-commerce services will be subject to a limit of 50.0% except in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone. See “—Regulatory and Related Matters—Licensing” included elsewhere under this Item.

We also face increasing competition from other competitors outside the telecommunications industry, in particular, from Internet services providers and mobile software and application developers, such as Over-the-Top messaging or voice services providers who offer contents and services on the Internet without their proprietary telecommunications network infrastructure. These competitors are competing with us in information and application or voice services. In recent years, the PRC Government has taken various initiatives to encourage competition in the telecommunications industry, such as the three-network convergence policy and the policy encouraging private capital to enter the industry, in addition to a series of guidance to such effect. Specifically, in May 2010, the PRC State Council issued Certain Opinion on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Private Investment, encouraging private investment in industry sectors that are mainly state-controlled, such as basic telecommunications services. In June 2012, the MIIT issued Opinions on Encouraging and Guiding Private Investment in the Telecommunications Industry, encouraging private-sector investment in the telecommunications industry. On May 17, 2013, the MIIT issued the Trial Plan of Resale of Mobile Telecommunications Services, pursuant to which the MIIT would grant qualified companies mobile telecommunications resale business approvals on a pilot basis which would allow them to purchase mobile telecommunications services in bulk from mobile networks operators or resell such services to customers. On January 6, 2016, the MIIT issued the Guidance on the Wholesale Price Adjustments of Mobile Telecommunications Resale Business (关于移动通信转售业务批发价格调整的指导意见), pursuant to which the MIIT required that the wholesale price for resale of mobile telecommunications services should be lower than the per unit price (or package price) for similar services of the mobile networks operators.

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In an effort to further encourage private-sector investment in the broadband network construction and business operation, as well as encourage private capital to enter into the telecommunications market through equity investment, the State Council issued the Notice on the “Broadband China” Policy and the Implementation Plan on August 1, 2013 and Certain Opinion on Promoting Information Consumption and Stimulating Domestic Demand on August 8, 2013, and the MIIT also issued the Informatization Development Plan on September 29, 2013, the Notice on Opening the Broadband Access Market to Private Capital on December 25, 2014 and three more Notices on Further Broadening the Scope of Trial Opening of the Broadband Access Business on September 23, 2015, October 13, 2016 and September 27, 2017, respectively, opening up the broadband access market to private capital in all the cities in Liaoning, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Guangdong, Shaanxi, Jilin and Guizhou provinces and Ningxia autonomous region on a province-wide basis and over 50 cities in other provinces. As a result, the competitive landscape in the PRC telecommunications industry may further diversify, causing more intensified competition. As of December 31, 2017, we had entered into resale contracts with 24 out of the 42 mobile virtual network operators which had been approved by the MIIT to conduct resale business on a pilot basis.

Trademarks

We conduct our business under the “China Telecom” brand name and logo. Currently, China Telecom Group owns certain trademarks in the PRC, some of which have been registered with the Trademark Office of the PRC State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the Trademark Office, and some of which are in the process of being registered with the Trademark Office. China Telecom Group has executed a trademark license agreement with us. Under this agreement, China Telecom Group agreed to grant to us and our subsidiaries the right to use these trademarks upon the completion of the registration on a royalty-free basis until December 31, 2018, which is automatically renewable for three more years as the parties may agree. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions—Ongoing Related Party Transactions between Us and China Telecom Group and its affiliated companies—Trademark License Agreement.”

Regulatory and Related Matters

Overview

The PRC’s telecommunications industry is subject to extensive government regulation. A number of central government authorities have regulatory responsibilities for various aspects of the telecommunications industry. These authorities primarily include:

• The MIIT, which is responsible for, among other things:

• formulating and enforcing industry policies and regulations as well as technical standards;

• granting telecommunications service licenses;

• supervising the operations and quality of service of telecommunications service providers;

• allocating and administering telecommunications resources such as spectrum and numbers;

• together with other relevant regulatory authorities, including the NDRC, regulating tariff charging mechanisms for telecommunications services;

• formulating interconnection and settlement arrangements between telecommunications networks; and

• maintaining fair and orderly market competition among service providers.

• Provincial communications administrations under the MIIT, which oversee the implementation of the Ministry’s regulations and exercise regulatory authorities delegated by the Ministry within their respective provinces, autonomous regions and centrally administered municipalities.

• The NDRC approves investment and finance projects exceeding certain capital expenditure amounts as well as foreign investment projects exceeding certain investment amounts.

In order to provide a uniform regulatory framework to encourage the orderly development of the telecommunications industry, the PRC government is in the process of drafting a telecommunications law. We expect that, if and when the telecommunications law is adopted by the National People’s Congress or its Standing Committee, the highest state legislative body in the PRC, it will become the basic telecommunications statute and provide a regulatory framework for the telecommunications industry in the PRC.

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In addition, the Counterterrorism Law of the People’s Republic of China has come into force on January 1, 2016. It requires telecommunications operators and Internet service providers to provide technical support and assistance such as technical interface and decryption to the public security authorities and national security authorities for their lawful prevention and investigation of terrorist activities; it requires telecommunications operators and Internet service providers to put into practice the network security, information content supervision system and technical measures for security protection in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations, in order to prevent the dissemination of information relating to terrorism and extremism; it requires telecommunications operators and Internet service providers to, where any information in relation to terrorism or extremism is detected, immediately cease the relevant transmission, keep the relevant records, delete the relevant information and report to the public security divisions or the relevant departments; it also requires telecommunications operators and Internet service providers to examine the identity of the users and not to provide services to any person of unknown identity or to persons who refuse to have their identity examined. Violation of the above provisions may result in fines and the relevant responsible persons may also be fined or detained.

On September 23, 2016, six departments including the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, Ministry of Public Security, the MIIT, the People’s Bank of China and China Banking Regulatory Commission jointly released the Announcement on Preventing and Cracking Down on Telecom and Internet Frauds. The Announcement requires telecom operators to strictly implement the real-name registration system of telephone subscribers. Services to those entities or individuals who have not registered in real names and could not complete the true identity information registration within the stipulated time will be terminated. It also requires telecommunications operators to immediately carry out measures to clean up user accounts that have registered multiple phone cards, and to block Internet publication, search, dissemination and sales channels of software that changes the number displayed by caller IDs. It also strictly prohibits the operation and any business that provides illegal services of changing phone numbers via Internet; strictly regulates the transmission of caller IDs of the Administration of International Communication Accesses; fully implements the regulation and cleaning up of private voice lines and caller authentication; strengthens the detection and interception of fake caller IDs within and between networks; and immediately bans and regulates telephone services such as “one-number service”, through which the user can combine his/her various communication numbers into one new phone number, business switchboard and 400 telephone switchboard. Furthermore, on November 7, 2016, the MIIT issued the Implementation Opinions on the Work of Further Prevention and Crack Down on Communication Information Fraud, which requires telecommunications operators to fully implement the real-name registration for telephone subscribers, rectify and standardize the key telecommunications services, rectify the issue of “changing number via internet” services and strengthen the protection of telephone subscribers’ personal data.

On June 1, 2017, the Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China came into force. It stipulates relevant rules for personal data security protection, new types of cybercrime and network real name system; it specifies the principle of cyberspace sovereignty, the security obligations of network products and services providers as well as the security obligations of network operators; and it further enhances the protection of personal data, establishes the framework for the protection of critical information infrastructure facilities, and establishes rules regulating cross-border transmission of key data via critical information infrastructure facilities. In addition, it provides for the punishment for foreign organizations and individuals that attack and destroy China’s critical information infrastructure facilities and establishes a system for monitoring, early warning and emergency response. Telecom operators shall comply with the requirements under the Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China in respect of network operating security and network information security. In addition, the Measures for the Security Review of Network Products and Services (Provisional) became effective on June 1, 2017. The Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Measures for the Security Review of Network Products and Services (Provisional) require procurement of network products and services by operators in key industries or of critical information infrastructure facilities that may have national security concerns to go through a cybersecurity review. Relevant government authorities responsible for the protection of critical information infrastructure facilities will decide on whether such procurement would threat national security pursuant to the review. The security review of telecommunications industry would be organized and conducted by the MIIT. The security review may be initiated by the enterprises or by the relevant government authorities. The security review would focus on the security and controllability of network products and services. Operators of critical information infrastructure facilities use network products or services that have not conducted the security review or have not passed the security review, would face a fine of no less than one but no more than ten times of the amount of purchase. On January 1, 2018, the Measures for Monitoring and Management of Public Internet Cybersecurity Threat issued by the MIIT came into force. It provided for the definition of public internet cybersecurity threats, the relevant governing authorities, working principles and remedial measures in connection with the monitoring and management of public internet cybersecurity threats. Telecom operators are required to strengthen the monitoring and management of public internet cybersecurity threats, notify the governing authorities in a timely manner after discovery of cybersecurity threats, and provide technical assistance to governing authorities in relation to inquiries into IP address attribution and domain name registration.

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Telecommunications Regulations

The PRC’s State Council promulgated the Telecommunications Regulations, which became effective as of September 25, 2000 and were amended on July 29, 2014 and February 6, 2016, respectively, by the Decision of the State Council on Amending Certain Administrative Regulations. The Telecommunications Regulations are substantially consistent with, and are primarily intended to streamline and clarify, the then existing rules and policies for the telecommunications industry. The Telecommunications Regulations provide the primary regulatory framework for the PRC’s telecommunications industry in the interim period prior to the adoption of the telecommunications law.

The Telecommunications Regulations are intended to develop a transparent and fair regulatory environment to encourage fair and orderly competition and development in the telecommunications industry. The Telecommunications Regulations address all key aspects of telecommunications operations, including, among others, entry into the telecommunications industry, network interconnection, telecommunications resource allocation, tariffs and service standards.

Licensing

The Telecommunications Regulations adopt the existing regulatory distinction between basic and value-added telecommunications services, which are subject to different licensing requirements. On December 28, 2015, the MIIT promulgated the Telecommunications Service Catalogue (2015 edition) which took effect on March 1, 2016. Basic telecommunications services include, among others, wireline communications services, cellular mobile communications services, satellite communications services, data communications services, IP telephone services, trunking communications services, wireless paging services, network access facilities services, domestic communications facilities services and network hosting services. Value-added telecommunications services include, among others, internet data center services, content distribution network services, domestic Internet virtual private network services, Internet access services, online data processing and transaction processing services, domestic multi-communication services, storage and forwarding services, call center services, information services and coding and procedures conversion services.

Providers of any basic telecommunications services as well as providers of value-added services in two or more provinces, autonomous regions and centrally administered municipalities in the PRC must apply for licenses from the MIIT. In accordance with the approval of the MIIT, we derive our exclusive rights to operate basic telecommunications business from our status as a subsidiary controlled by China Telecom Group, which holds the licenses required for operating our telecommunications business. In January 2009, China Telecom Group received a license from the MIIT to operate 3G services nationwide, which permits China Telecom Group to provide 3G services based on CDMA2000 technology. We have been authorized by China Telecom Group to operate 3G services nationwide based on CDMA2000 technology. In December 2013, China Telecom Group, Unicom Group and China Mobile Group received licenses from the MIIT to operate 4G services nationwide based on TD-LTE technology. We have been authorized by China Telecom Group to operate 4G services nationwide based on TD-LTE technology. On February 27, 2015, China Telecom Group was granted by the MIIT the permit, and authorized us, to provide 4G services based on LTE FDD technologies nationwide.

After its accession to the WTO in December 2001, the PRC promulgated the Administrative Regulations on Telecommunications Companies with Foreign Investment, which became effective on January 1, 2002 and were subsequently amended in 2008 and 2016, implementing its commitments to the WTO. Those commitments include the gradual reduction of foreign ownership restrictions in the telecommunications industry and the step-by-step opening of the telecommunications market in the PRC to foreign operators. According to those regulations, enterprises with foreign investment may operate basic and value-added telecommunications services subject to the approval of the MIIT and the Ministry of Commerce (formerly the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation). Certain limitations have been placed on the total registered capital of, and maximum foreign shareholdings in, such enterprises. However, the presence or absence of foreign investments in an applicant for telecommunications licenses will presumably bear no direct relation to the decision on whether to issue licenses, inasmuch as the issuance of new licenses is governed by a separate set of rules and regulations. In recent years, the PRC gradually fulfilled the market-opening commitments it made to the WTO and lifted many restrictions for foreign investors and service providers in respect of telecommunications services. The remaining restrictions regarding mobile services, value-added telecommunications services and fixed line services are as follows:

• For mobile voice and data services:

• there is no longer any geographic restriction and the foreign ownership shall be no more than 49.0%.

• For value-added telecommunications services:

• there is no longer any geographic restriction and the foreign ownership shall be no more than 50.0%.

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• For fixed line services:

• there is no longer any geographic restriction and the ownership shall be no more than 49.0%.

The MIIT has promulgated the Administrative Measures for the Licensing of Telecommunications Business, which aims to strengthen the administration of licensing of telecommunications operations permits and became effective on September 1, 2017. It provides for the establishment of an integrated management platform for telecommunications business, the promotion of online application, approval and management of business license as well as publication, queries and co-sharing of related information, and enhancement of credit management by including satisfactory credit conditions as a precondition to being granted a business license. The annual business license inspection system would be adjusted to a system of publication of annual reports and announcements. An illegal operations and dishonesty list for telecommunication operators would be established and maintained and the operators on such list would be subject to enhanced supervision from relevant telecommunications regulatory bodies. If a telecommunications business operator is requested by relevant telecommunications regulatory body to suspend operations, its business license is revoked or there are certain other circumstances as stipulated by the MIIT, such operator would be included in the dishonesty list and may not apply for telecommunications business license.

Pursuant to the Circular on the Framework Plan for the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone issued by the State Council on September 18, 2013, qualified foreign investment enterprises will be permitted to provide specific value-added telecommunications services in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, subject to protections on Internet information security and approval by the State Council in case of a breakthrough in the limitations provided for under the administrative regulations.

Tariff Setting

Prior to May 10, 2014, under the Telecommunications Regulations, telecommunications tariffs are categorized into government fixed tariffs, government guidance tariffs and market based tariffs. The telecommunications providers are permitted to set tariffs for certain services provided the tariff levels are below the tariff ceilings set by the MIIT and the NDRC.

As a result of the governmental effort to gradually ease the regulations on the tariffs, on May 5, 2014, the MIIT and the NDRC issued the Notice on Implementing the Market Based Tariffs for Telecommunications Services. Pursuant to this Notice, effective from May 10, 2014, the government fixed tariffs and the government guidance tariffs are abolished and telecommunications operators are permitted to set the tariffs of all telecommunications services based on the cost and market conditions. The Telecommunications Regulations were subsequently amended on July 29, 2014 by the Decision of the State Council on Amending Certain Administrative Regulations to reflect this policy change as well as other amendments.

On May 20, 2015, the office of the State Council promulgated the Guidance Opinions Regarding Expediting the Development of the High-Speed Broadband Network and Promoting the Speed Upgrade and Tariff Reduction, calling for the telecommunications operators to reduce the data tariffs. In addition, the Report on Work of Government in 2017 calls for the deepening of speed upgrade and tariff reduction, the cancellation of domestic long distance and roaming fee, the reduction of the tariff of Internet dedicated line access for small and medium enterprises and international long distance calls.

Interconnection

Under the Telecommunications Regulations and the Administrative Rules on Interconnection between the Public Telecommunications Networks promulgated by the MII in May 2001, as amended in September 2014, major telecommunications operators in the PRC cannot refuse requests for interconnection and must enter into interconnection agreements upon request by other service providers. Interconnection agreements must be reported to the MIIT. Telecommunications operators must ensure the smooth interconnection pursuant to the interconnection agreements as well as the applicable regulations and may not unilaterally terminate the interconnection.

The Telecommunications Regulations further provide that the technical standards and settlement methods for network interconnections be formulated by the MIIT. In accordance with these regulations, China Telecom Group has entered into various interconnection agreements with other telecommunications service providers, including China Mobile and China Unicom.

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On December 30, 2013, the MIIT issued the Guidance Opinions on Building New National Network Interconnection Hubs, pursuant to which seven new interconnection hubs altogether have been built in Chengdu, Wuhan, Xi’an, Shenyang, Nanjing, Chongqing and Zhengzhou, in addition to the three existing interconnection hubs in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The operations of these new interconnection hubs have significantly improved the quality and speed of interconnection between the telecommunications networks. On November 9, 2016, the MIIT approved the addition of new national Internet backbone networks direct access points in Hangzhou, Fuzhou and Gui’an of Guiyang, achieving 13 Internet backbone networks direct access points upon completion of such three new additions in June 2017.

The MIIT issued the Notice on Public Telecommunications Network Interconnection Settlement and Relay Fees Allocation in October 2003 and two Notices on Adjustment to Settlement Standards for Interconnection Fees of Wireline Local Telephone Networks in October 2006 and April 2009, respectively, which provided for interconnection settlement arrangement standards for local inter-district calls between wireline local telephone operators as well as public telecommunications network. In November 2009, the MIIT issued the Notice on Adjustment to Settlement Standards for Interconnection Fees of Public Telecommunications Network and the Notice on the Settlement Standards for Interconnection Fees of TD-SCDMA, which provided for adjustments to certain interconnections settlement standards between telecommunications operators. Effective from January 1, 2014, some of the settlement standards have been further adjusted pursuant to the Notice on Adjustment to Settlement Standards for Interconnection Fees of Public Telecommunications Network issued by the MIIT on December 17, 2013. Prior to January 1, 2014, when a mobile user of a basic telecommunications operator (excluding China Mobile’s TD-SCDMA 157 and 188 prefix numbers users) initiates a call to a mobile user of another basic telecommunications operator, the settlement charge is set uniformly at a rate of RMB0.06 per minute payable by the basic telecommunications operator originating the call to the basic telecommunications operator receiving the call. In the event a China Mobile’s TD-SCDMA 157 and 188 prefix numbers user initiates a call to a user of our Company or China Unicom within the scope of local network, China Mobile will pay a settlement charge of RMB0.012 per minute to our Company or China Unicom. With effect from January 1, 2014, when a mobile users of our Company or China Unicom initiates a call to a mobile user of China Mobile (not including TD-SCDMA 157 and 188 prefix numbers users), the interconnection settlement charges payable by our Company or China Unicom to China Mobile is adjusted from then prevailing rate of RMB0.06 per minute to RMB0.04 per minute. Other existing voice interconnection settlement standards remain unchanged. The MIIT will assess the above interconnection settlement policy once every two years based on the development conditions of the telecommunications market and will make adjustments when appropriate. Meanwhile, the SMS interconnection settlement standard is adjusted from RMB0.03 per message to RMB0.01 per message, and the MMS interconnection settlement standard is adjusted from RMB0.10 per message to RMB0.05 per message.

The following table sets forth selected interconnection revenues sharing and settlement arrangements for local calls and domestic long distance calls:

Network from Which Calls Originated	Network at Which Calls Terminated	Current Main Settlement Arrangement
Mobile operator	Wireline local operator or transferred through mobile operator’s long distance network to wireline local operator	(1) Mobile operator collects the cellular usage charge from its subscribers (2) Mobile operator pays RMB0.06 per minute to wireline operator (3) Starting January 1, 2010, mobile operator (China Mobile) pays RMB0.012 per minute to wireline operator for calls originated from TD-SCDMA“157” or “188” prefix phone numbers in local areas

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Network from Which Calls Originated	Network at Which Calls Terminated	Current Main Settlement Arrangement
Wireline local operator	Mobile local operator	(1) Wireline operator collects the usage charge from its subscribers (2) No revenues sharing or settlement prior to June 1, 2010. Wireline operator pays RMB0.001 per minute to mobile operator after June 1, 2010
Wireline operator	Transferred through wireline operator’s long distance network to mobile operator	(1) Wireline operator collects the usage charge from its subscribers (2) Wireline operator pays RMB0.06 per minute to mobile operator
Wireline local operator A	Wireline local operator B	(1) Operator A collects the usage charge from its subscribers (2) In the case of local calls from operator A not using operator B’s local inter-district trunk circuit, operator A pays 50.0% of usage charge to operator B (3) In the case of local inter-district calls from operator A using operator B’s local inter-district trunk circuit, operator A pays no more than RMB0.06 per minute to operator B

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Network from Which Calls Originated	Network at Which Calls Terminated	Current Main Settlement Arrangement
Mobile operator A	Mobile local operator B or transferred through mobile operator A’s long distance network to mobile operator B	(1) Mobile operator A collects the cellular usage charge from its subscribers (2) Prior to January 1, 2014, mobile operator A pays RMB0.06 per minute to mobile operator B. Starting from January 1, 2010, mobile operator A (China Mobile) pays RMB0.012 per minute to mobile operator B for calls originated from TD-SCDMA “157” or “188” prefix phone numbers users in local areas. Starting from January 1, 2014, mobile operator A (China Telecom or China Unicom) pays RMB0.04 per minute to mobile operator B (China Mobile) for calls originated from a mobile user of operator A (China Telecom or China Unicom) to a mobile user of operator B (China Mobile) (not including TD-SCDMA 157 and 188 prefix numbers)

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The following table sets forth selected current main interconnection revenues sharing and settlement arrangements for PSTN international long distance calls, including calls originated from and terminated in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan:

Network from Which Calls Originated	Network at Which Calls Terminated	Current Main Settlement Arrangement
Domestic wireline local or mobileoperator A	Without using the carrier identity code of operator B, through the domestic and international long distance network of operator B	(1) Operator A collects the tariff from the subscribers (2) Operator A retains RMB0.06 per minute, and operator B gets the rest of the international long distance tariff.
	Using the carrier identity code of operator B, through the domestic and international long distance network of operator B	(1) Operator B collects the tariff from the subscribers (2) Operator B pays operator A RMB0.06 per minute
International long distance operator	Operator B through domestic long distance network of operator C and international gateway of domestic operator A	(1) Operator A pays not more than RMB0.54 per minute to operator C, operator C pays not more than RMB0.06 per minute to operator B, where operator A and operator C, or operator B and operator C can be the same operator

The following table sets forth selected current main interconnection revenues sharing and settlement arrangements for SMS:

Network from Which SMS Originated	Network at Which SMS Terminated	Current Main Settlement Arrangement
Wireline or mobile operator A	Wireline or mobile operator B	(1) Operator A collects the tariff from its subscribers (2) Operator A pays RMB0.03 per SMS to operator B. Starting January 1, 2014, operator A pays RMB0.01 per SMS to operator B

The following table sets forth selected current main interconnection revenues sharing and settlement arrangements for MMS:

Network from Which MMS Originated	Network at Which MMS Terminated	Current Main Settlement Arrangement
Mobile operator A	Mobile operator B	(1) Operator A collects the tariff from its subscribers (2) Operator A pays RMB0.10 per MMS to operator B. Starting January 1, 2014, operator A pays RMB0.05 per MMS to operator B

The primary interconnection settlement arrangement for the Internet backbone networks in China is the interconnection settlement through the network access points, or the NAPs, which is determined by the MIIT. The MIIT announced in 2013 that it would reduce the interconnection settlement charges for the Internet backbone networks by 30% per year in the next five years starting from 2013. The interconnection settlement charges for the NAPs was further reduced by the MIIT starting from November 1, 2017, and is currently set as RMB120,000 per gigabyte per month.

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Technical Standards

The MIIT sets industry technical standards for telecommunications terminal and interconnection related equipment used in the public telecommunications networks. A network access license from the MIIT and other relevant regulatory authorities is required for all such equipment. Most of the standards set by the MIIT conform to standards recommended by the International Telecommunications Union and other international telecommunications standards organizations.

Telecommunications Resources

The MIIT is responsible for the administration and allocation of telecommunications resources in the PRC, including radio frequencies and telecommunications network numbers. The use of these resources by telecommunications service providers is subject to the approval of the MIIT or the relevant provincial communications administrations and a usage fee payable to the PRC government.

In 2017, we paid approximately RMB141 million of usage fees for the telecommunications network numbers and approximately RMB958 million of frequency usage fees, respectively.

Quality of Service

Under the Telecommunications Regulations, the MIIT and the relevant provincial communications administration have the responsibility of supervising and monitoring the quality of services provided by telecommunications service providers in the PRC. Under the Telecommunications Regulations, customers of telecommunications service providers have the right to submit complaints to the MIIT and the relevant provincial communications administration or other relevant government authorities.

On March 13, 2005, the MII promulgated the Telecommunications Services Standards which were amended in September 2014. The Telecommunications Services Standards aim to protect the rights of the customers of telecommunications services and sets forth minimum quality requirements for telecommunications services provided by telecommunications operators.

The MII promulgated the Measures on the Supervision and Administration of Quality of Service of the Public Telecommunications Networks, or the Measures on Quality of Service, effective August 1, 2005. The Measures on Quality of Service provide the supervision and administration of services of public telecommunications networks, including, among others, wireline local telephone networks, domestic long distance telephone networks, international telephone networks, and IP telephone networks. Under the Measures on Quality of Service, telecommunications operators are required to set up a unit which is responsible for solving the problems with respect to the public telecommunications network services.

Under the PRC Consumer Protection Law, Consumers’ Associations can participate in the inspection and examination of goods and services by relevant governmental authorities; and customers can lodge their complaints with Consumers’ Associations, which can investigate the goods or services involved in the complaints, and mediate the complaints.

On December 28, 2016, the MIIT promulgated the Notice on Matters Relating to the Regulating of Telecommunications Services Agreements, effective on February 1, 2017, which specifies the standard of signing and record-keeping of telecommunication service agreements and emphasizes that the telecom operators should inform the telephone subscribers and carry out remedial work when some or all of the terms under the telecommunications service agreements could not be observed due to force majeure or adjustment of national policies.

In addition, the MIIT, together with other governmental authorities, has taken measures to prompt telecommunications operators to screen indecent contents carried through their networks.

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Universal Services

Under the Telecommunications Regulations, telecommunications service providers in the PRC are required to fulfill universal service obligations in accordance with relevant regulations to be promulgated by the PRC government, and the MIIT has been given authority by the PRC government to delineate the scope of its universal service obligations. The MIIT, together with other regulatory authorities, is also responsible for formulating administrative rules relating to the establishment of a universal service fund and compensation schemes for universal services. The State Council issued the Notice on the “Broadband China” Policy and the Implementation Plan on August 1, 2013, which included the provision of broadband services to remote villages as part of the universal service obligations of telecommunications service providers and mentioned improving the compensation scheme for the expenses incurred in the “Broadband China” projects undertaken by telecommunications service providers in the villages. In addition, the MOF and the MIIT jointly issued the Notice of Implementation of Telecommunications Universal Services Pilot Work in December 2015, which provided that the telecommunications universal services should take a market-oriented approach and that the telecommunications universal services providers should be selected through a public bidding process. This notice sets up certain goals for the telecommunication operators, including broadband coverage in 98% of the administrative villages and over 12Mbps broadband access capacity in rural villages, by 2020. Pursuant to the notice, the central government subsidies will be granted to the pilot areas determined by the MOF and the MIIT and the universal services providers will be selected through an open bidding process.

The PRC government used financial resources to compensate the expenses incurred in the “Village to Village” and the “Broadband China” projects before the implementation of universal services pilot projects in 2016. We, together with other telecommunications operators, have undertaken the “Village to Village” project since 2004. Since 2016, we have undertaken universal services pilot projects in accordance with the requirements of the Chinese government and in aggregate won the bids to undertake the construction of broadband network facilities in approximately 50,000 administrative villages in 19 provinces and autonomous regions. By the end of 2017, we had completed the construction of broadband networks in approximately 40,000 administrative villages. We have continuously promoted the construction of communication networks in rural areas and remote rural villages and strives to improve the broadband access coverage in rural areas. In addition, we have set up local service points for rural villages, actively promoted the development of e-commerce in rural areas, and strived to contribute to the informatization upgrade and revitalization of rural areas in various regions. The compensation from the PRC government may not be sufficient to cover all of our expenses for providing the telecommunications universal services. However, we believe the expenses for such operation and maintenance will not have a material effect on our financial condition.

State-Owned Assets Supervision

Under the PRC Company Law, PRC Enterprise State-Owned Assets Law, Interim Measures for the Supervision and Administration of State-Owned Assets of the Enterprises, and other administrative regulations, the SASAC, among others, supervises the preservation of the value of state-owned assets, guides the reform and restructuring of state-owned enterprises, and evaluates the performance of management executives of state-owned enterprises through legal procedures. Our controlling shareholder, China Telecom Group, is a state-owned enterprise owned by the SASAC and subject to the SASAC’s supervision.

As part of the PRC government’s efforts to reform state-owned enterprises and increase their competitiveness, the PRC government has selected certain enterprises of designated industries, including the telecommunications industry, as the first group of state-owned enterprises for a pilot program on state-owned enterprise mixed ownership reform. Unicom Group was selected among the operators of the telecommunications industry to join such mixed ownership reform. As publicly disclosed by China Unicom, the mixed ownership reform involves China United Network Communications Limited, or Unicom A Share Company, which is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and whose business is indirectly holding the equity interest of China Unicom, as a platform for the reform. Pursuant to the reform, among other things, Unicom A Share Company issued shares to certain strategic investors, including certain large Internet companies, in 2017, or the Unicom A Share Transaction, so as to improve its corporate governance, incentive system and management efficiency, and create synergies through cooperation with strategic investors. Unicom Group remains the controlling shareholder of Unicom A Share Company after the Unicom A Share Transaction. In addition, Unicom Group and Unicom A Share Company, through an intermediary company, completed subscription of additional shares of China Unicom in 2017 mainly using proceeds of the Unicom A Share Transaction. As disclosed by China Unicom, it intends to use these proceeds to upgrade its 4G network capabilities, develop technology and launch trial programs in relation to 5G network, develop innovative businesses and repay bank loans.

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Three-Network Convergence Policy

In January 2010, the PRC government announced its decision to accelerate the advancement of convergence of telecommunications, television broadcast and Internet access networks to realize interconnection and resource sharing among the three networks and further develop the provision of voice, data, television and other services. Specifically, the three-network convergence policy will be initially carried out on a trial basis in selective geographic locations during the period from 2010 to 2012 and further implemented across-the-board in the following three years. In June 2010, the State Council issued the Trial Plan for Three-Network Convergence and called for 12 volunteer regions (cities) and enterprises for the first trial. Following the completion of the first trial in December 2011, the State Council announced 42 additional regions (cities) for the second phase of the trial. In September 2012, we received the Information Network Communicated Audio-Video Program License from the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (the “SARFT”, formerly, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television). In August 2015, the General Office of the State Council issued the Notice of Plan of Furthering the Three-Network Convergence, which marked the completion of the trial plan of the three-network convergence and called for furthering the three-network convergence nationwide.

“Broadband China” Policy

In August 2013, the State Council issued the Notice on the “Broadband China” Policy and the Implementation Plan, which treats broadband as a strategic national infrastructure, strengthens the overall top-level design and planning, coordinates the research and development of the key technologies, formulation of the standard, the safety of the information technology and the construction of the emergency communication system, strengthens the synergy effect of website construction, application, innovative service and industry support, comprehensively utilizes the cable technology and the wireless technology to accelerate the convergence of telecommunications, television broadcast and Internet access networks, and accelerates the construction of the next generation national information infrastructures. In September 2013, the MIIT promulgated an Information-Based Development Plan to further elaborate the “Broadband China” Policy and to encourage private capital to enter into the telecommunications market through equity investment.

Mobile Telecommunications Resale Business

On May 17, 2013, the MIIT issued the Trial Plan of Resale of Mobile Telecommunications Services, pursuant to which the MIIT would grant qualified companies mobile telecommunications resale business approvals on a pilot basis which would allow them to purchase mobile telecommunications services in bulk from mobile networks operators or resell such services to customers. On January 6, 2016, the MIIT issued the Guidance on the Wholesale Price Adjustments of Mobile Telecommunications Resale Business (关于移动通信转售业务批发价格调整的指导意见), pursuant to which the MIIT required that the wholesale price for resale of mobile telecommunications services should be lower than the per unit price (or package price) for similar services of the mobile networks operators. For a series of government measures to encourage private capital to invest in telecommunications services that could compete with our services, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – B. Business Overview – Competition.”

VAT Reform Applicable to the Telecommunications Industry

On November 16, 2011, the Ministry of Finance, or the MOF, and the SAT, introduced a pilot tax program under which the PRC business tax would be replaced with a VAT. On April 29, 2014, the MOF and the SAT announced that the pilot program would be extended to cover the telecommunications industry. Effective from June 1, 2014, the pilot tax rate for basic telecommunications services is 11% and the pilot tax rate for value-added telecommunications services is 6%. On March 18, 2016, the State Council standing committee meeting resolved to expand the VAT pilot program to all other industries which were previously subject to the PRC business tax starting from May 1, 2016. On March 23, 2016, the MOF and the SAT issued the Notice on Expanding the Pilot Program of Replacing the Business Tax with VAT, promulgating the relevant implementing rules. On April 4, 2018, the MOF and the SAT issued the Notice on Adjustment of VAT Rates pursuant to which the 11% VAT rate applicable to basic telecommunications services would be reduced to 10% and the 17% VAT rate applicable to sales of goods would be reduced to 16%, with effect from May 1, 2018.

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Amended Employment Contract Law

The amended PRC Employment Contract Law, effective as of July 1, 2013, and the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch, effective as of March 1, 2014, focus on strengthening the administration of the employment practice involving dispatched employees, and provide that, among others, the dispatched employees shall have the right to receive the same compensation as that received by other employees hired by the employer for the same type of positions, shall account for no more than 10% of the total employees hired by an employer and shall only be employed for temporary, supporting or substitutive positions. The amended PRC Employment Contract Law and the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch have not had, and we do not believe they will have, a material adverse effect on our personnel expenses or number of employees.

Sharing of Telecommunications Infrastructure

In May 2017, the MIIT and the SASAC jointly issued the 2017 Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Joint Construction and Sharing of Telecommunications Infrastructure, or the Opinions. The Opinions require that the supporting facilities for base stations, such as the telecommunications towers, and the indoor distribution systems for public transportation and buildings, shall generally be planned, constructed and delivered by the Tower Company, except that certain facilities may be constructed by a telecommunications operator if serving only such operators’ demand. The Opinions also set forth the sharing requirements in the construction of FTTH infrastructure. In newly-built residential areas, commercial areas and campus, FTTH construction must strictly observe the applicable national and local standards. Telecommunication operators are prohibited from entering into any exclusivity arrangement with real estate developers or property management companies. In the upgrading of FTTH for existing residential areas, commercial areas and campus, telecommunication operators and relevant stakeholders must cooperate with each other to comply with the joint construction and sharing requirements. Moreover, with respect to transmission facilities, sharing and joint construction of transmission poles and pipeline is mandatory whenever conditions so allow.

Anti-Unfair Competition Law

On January 1, 2018, the amended Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People’s Republic of China came into effect. It revised and expanded the scope of unfair competitive acts which include, among others, a network operator’s interference with and destruction of products or services provided by other operators. It also strengthened the protection of trade secrets and enhanced supervision over and penalties on unfair competitive acts.

Mobile Number Portability Trial

In May 2014, the MIIT promulgated the Administration Measures on Mobile Number Portability Trial, effective as of May 17, 2014, which regulated the implementation measures for mobile number portability trials. Pursuant to the relevant policies issued by the MIIT, currently mobile users of China Mobile, China Unicom and our Company in Hainan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Yunnan and Tianjin may migrate among the networks of the three operators without changing their mobile numbers. With the evolution of the operators’ networks into VoLTE, the MIIT and the operators will jointly study new technology solutions to mobile number portability and test possible technology solutions that may be adopted to roll out nationwide mobile number portability services.

Disclosure of Iranian Activities under Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 added Section 13(r) to the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Section 13(r) requires an issuer to disclose in its annual or quarterly reports, as applicable, whether it or any of its affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with designated natural persons or entities involved in terrorism or the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Disclosure is required even where the activities, transactions or dealings are conducted outside the U.S. by non-U.S. affiliates in compliance with applicable law, and whether or not the activities are sanctionable under U.S. law.

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As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any activity, transaction or dealing by us or any of our affiliates in 2017 that requires disclosure in this under Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except as set forth below.

China Telecom Global Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a rate agreement for international voice services with Telecommunication Infrastructure Company of Iran (“TIC”), which is a government-controlled entity, in October 2016, which confirmed the preliminary charge rates for international voice services between the parties. The purpose for the agreement is to obtain the charge rates for the parties, which will serve the basis for future cooperation. The rate agreement is not binding on the parties to proceed with signing of the definitive agreement or implementation of the business arrangement, but only serves as the price references for future negotiation. The official business relationship between the parties should be based on a framework agreement or a definitive service agreement. The agreement was subsequently terminated in February 2017. Prior to the termination of the agreement, we did not commence any negotiation with TIC on any framework agreement or any definitive service agreement, and no business was conducted between the two parties. No revenue was generated, and no cost or expenditure was incurred in relation to the agreement. The Company does not currently have any plans to enter into any business arrangements with ITC or other telecommunications operators in Iran.

C. Organization Structure

See “—A. History and Development of the Company—Our Restructuring and Initial Public Offering in 2002” included elsewhere under this Item.

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

Properties

Executive Offices

Our principal executive offices are located in Beijing and we obtained the right to occupy and use these offices pursuant to an agreement we entered into with China Telecom Group in September 2002 and supplemental agreements on October 26, 2003, April 13, 2004, December 15, 2005, December 26, 2007, March 31, 2008, August 25, 2010, August 22, 2012 and September 23, 2015, respectively. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions—Ongoing Related Party Transactions between Us and China Telecom Group and its affiliated companies—Centralized Services Agreement”.

Properties

We conduct our business on land and premises either owned by ourselves or leased from China Telecom Group and/or its affiliates and third parties. As to our owned properties, although the land and building titles to a majority of these properties have been registered in our name after they were acquired by us as part of our restructuring, land and building titles to the remaining properties are still registered in the name of China Telecom Group. China Telecom Group has agreed to indemnify us against any loss or damage incurred by us caused by or arising from any challenge to, or interference with, our right to use these properties. As to our leased properties, China Telecom Group has undertaken to us that it will indemnify us against any loss or damage caused by or arising from any challenge to, or interference with, such right. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions—Ongoing Related Party Transactions between Us and China Telecom Group and its affiliated companies —Property Leasing Framework Agreement”.

Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and our selected financial data, in each case included elsewhere in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

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Our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report reflect the tower assets disposal in 2015, the disposal of E-store, the establishment of Tianyi Capital and the acquisitions of the satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai in 2017 described under “Item 4. Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—Establishment of the Tower Company and the Disposal and Lease of the Telecommunications Towers”, “—Disposal of E-store and Establishment of Tianyi Capital”, “—Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of the Satellite Communications Business” and “—Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of Zhonghe Hengtai.”

On October 14, 2015, the Company entered into the Transfer Agreement with the Tower Company and certain other parties thereto, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell certain telecommunications towers and related assets in an aggregate amount of RMB30,131 million and inject cash in the amount of RMB2,966 million to the Tower Company in exchange for 33,097 million new shares, with a par value of RMB1.00 per share, issued by the Tower Company. Following the completion of such transaction, the Company holds 27.9% of the share capital of the Tower Company. The Company realized a gain (subject to deduction of relevant expenses and taxes) from such tower assets disposal, which was calculated based on the surplus of the final consideration for the tower assets disposal over the book value of such assets as at the completion date. The total gain from the tower assets disposal was RMB7,231 million. As the Company holds 27.9% of the share capital of Tower Company following the completion of such tower assets disposal, 72.1% of the aforesaid gain has been recognized at the completion date in the Company’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income for 2015 and the remaining 27.9% of the aforesaid gain is deferred over the remaining useful life of the tower assets. As a result, a gain from the tower assets disposal in the amount of RMB5,214 million was recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2015. Upon completion of the disposal of tower assets by the Company to the Tower Company, the Company and Tower Company entered into the Lease Agreement on July 8, 2016 that sets forth the pricing and related arrangements in relation to the lease of telecommunications towers and related assets (including both acquired towers and new towers). On February 1, 2018, the Company and Tower Company entered into a supplemental agreement on the basis of the original Lease Agreement mainly to adjust the relevant pricing arrangement of tower products under the Lease Agreement and such adjustment shall be effective from January 1, 2018. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—Establishment of the Tower Company and the Disposal and Lease of the Telecommunications Towers”, and Note 33(b) to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F.

On December 15, 2017, we and China Telecom Satellite Communication Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of China Telecom Group entered into an acquisition agreement, pursuant to which we agreed to purchase from China Telecom Satellite Communication Co., Ltd. the satellite communications business for a consideration of RMB70 million. We expect to settle the consideration in full in the second quarter of 2018. On December 20, 2017, we, through E-surfing Pay Co., Ltd., entered into an acquisition agreement with Shaanxi Comservice, which is ultimately controlled by China Telecom Group, to acquire 100% of equity interest in Zhonghe Hengtai, from Shaanxi Comservice for a consideration of RMB17 million. Zhonghe Hengtai primarily engages in insurance agency business in the PRC. The consideration had been settled in full by March 23, 2018.

Because we and the acquired satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai were under the common control of China Telecom Group, our acquisitions of the satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai were accounted for as a combination of entities under common control in a manner similar to a pooling-of interests. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the acquired satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai have been accounted for at historical amounts and our consolidated financial statements for periods prior to the respective acquisitions have been restated to include the financial position and results of operations of the acquired satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai on a combined basis. The considerations for the acquisition of the acquired satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai were accounted for as an equity transaction in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. Unless otherwise indicated in this section, our financial data for periods prior to the acquisition are presented based on those restated amounts. See Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F.

Overview

We are an integrated information service provider in the PRC. We offer a comprehensive range of telecommunications services, including Internet services, information and application services, voice services, telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment and other related services. We will continue to leverage our full-service capabilities to further enhance our integrated and differentiated development of operation of wireline, mobile and Internet services to achieve steady growth of our business.

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Financial Overview

Our operating revenues increased by 3.9%, from RMB352,534 million in 2016 to RMB366,229 million in 2017. The increase was mainly attributable to revenues growth from Internet services, information and application services and telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment. Our total operating expenses increased by 4.2%, from RMB325,314 million in 2016 to RMB339,009 million in 2017. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to increases in network operations and support expenses, depreciation and amortization, selling, general and administrative expenses and personnel expenses. Our operating income in 2016 and 2017 was RMB27,220 million and RMB27,220 million, respectively. The profit attributable to equity holders of the Company increased by 3.3%, from RMB18,018 million in 2016 to RMB18,617 million in 2017.

The table below sets forth a breakdown of our operating revenues in terms of amount and as a percentage of our total operating revenues for the periods indicated:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015					2016					2017
	Amount		Percentage of Operating Revenues			Amount		Percentage of Operating Revenues			Amount		Percentage of Operating Revenues
	(restated)(1)		(restated)(1)			(restated)(1)		(restated)(1)
	(RMB in millions, except percentage data)
Operating Revenues:
Voice services(2)		78,661		23.8	%		70,185		19.9	%		61,678		16.8	%
Internet services(3)		126,665		38.2	%		150,449		42.7	%		172,554		47.1	%
Information and application services(4)		66,377		20.0	%		66,881		19.0	%		73,044		20.0	%
Telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment(5)		17,635		5.3	%		17,781		5.0	%		19,125		5.2	%
Other services(6)		42,179		12.7	%		47,238		13.4	%		39,828		10.9	%
Total operating revenues		331,517		100.0	%		352,534		100.0	%		366,229		100.0	%

(1) Certain comparative financial data prior to January 1, 2017 presented herein have been restated as a result of the acquisitions of the satellite communications business and Zhonghe Hengtai from China Telecom Group. See Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report for further details.

(2) Represent the aggregate amount of voice usage fees, installation fees and interconnections fees charged to customers for the provision of telephony services.

(3) Represent amounts charged to customers for the provision of Internet access services.

(4) Represent primarily the aggregate amount of fees charged to customers for the provision of Internet data center service, system integration services, e-Surfing HD service, caller ID service and short messaging service and etc.

(5) Represent primarily the aggregate amount of fees charged to customers for the provision of telecommunications network resource services and lease income from other domestic telecommunications operators and enterprise customers for the usage of the Group’s telecommunications networks and equipment.

(6) Represent primarily revenue from sale, and repair and maintenance of equipment as well as the resale of mobile services (MVNO).

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our operating expenses in terms of amount and as a percentage of our total operating revenues for the periods indicated:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015					2016					2017
	Amount		Percentage of Operating Revenues			Amount		Percentage of Operating Revenues			Amount		Percentage of Operating Revenues
	(restated)		(restated)			(restated)		(restated)
	(RMB in millions, except percentage data)
Operating Expenses:
Depreciation and amortization		67,666		20.4	%		67,942		19.3	%		74,951		20.5	%
Network operations and support expenses		81,433		24.6	%		94,156		26.7	%		103,969		28.4	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		54,480		16.4	%		56,426		16.0	%		58,434		16.0	%
Personnel expenses		52,586		15.9	%		54,504		15.5	%		56,043		15.3	%
Other operating expenses		48,905		14.7	%		52,286		14.8	%		45,612		12.4	%
Total operating expenses		305,070		92.0	%		325,314		92.3	%		339,009		92.6	%

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The following table sets forth our operating revenues, operating expenses, operating income and profit attributable to equity holders of the Company in terms of amount and as a percentage of our total operating revenues, and cash flows from operating activities for the periods indicated:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015					2016					2017
	Amount		Percentage of Operating Revenues			Amount		Percentage of Operating Revenues			Amount		Percentage of Operating Revenues
	(restated)		(restated)			(restated)		(restated)
	(RMB in millions, except percentage data)
Operating revenues		331,517		100.0	%		352,534		100.0	%		366,229		100.0	%
Operating expenses		305,070		92.0	%		325,314		92.3	%		339,009		92.6	%
Operating income		26,447		8.0	%		27,220		7.7	%		27,220		7.4	%
Profit attributable to equity holders of the Company		20,058		6.1	%		18,018		5.1	%		18,617		5.1	%
Net cash flow from operating activities		108,755		—			101,135		—			96,502		—

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations contained elsewhere in this annual report are based on our consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. Our reported financial condition and results of operations are sensitive to accounting methods, assumptions and estimates that underlie the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We base our assumptions and estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable and which form the basis for making judgments about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an ongoing basis, our management evaluates its estimates. Actual results may differ from those estimates as facts, circumstances and conditions change.

The selection of critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors to be considered when reviewing our financial statements. Our principal accounting policies are set forth in detail in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. We believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

Revenue recognition

Our revenue recognition methods are as follows:

(i) Voice usage fee is recognized as the service is provided.

(ii) Fees received for wireline installation charges for periods prior to January 1, 2012 are deferred and recognized over the expected customer relationship period. The direct costs associated with the installation of wireline services are deferred to the extent of the installation fees and amortized over the same expected customer relationship period. From 2012 onwards, since the amounts of fees received and the associated direct costs incurred are insignificant, the fees and associated direct costs are not deferred, and are recognized in profit or loss when received or incurred.

(iii) Monthly service fees are recognized in the month during which the services are provided to customers.

(iv) Revenue from sale of prepaid calling cards is recognized as the cards are used by customers.

(v) Revenue derived from information and application services is recognized when the services are provided to customers.

Revenue from information and application services in which no third party service providers are involved, such as caller display and Internet data center services, is presented on a gross basis. Revenues from all other information and application services are presented on an either gross or net basis based on the assessment of each individual arrangement with third parties. The following factors indicate that the Group is acting as a principal in the arrangements with third parties:

i) We are responsible for providing the applications or services desired by customers, and take responsibility for fulfillment of ordered applications or services, including the acceptability of the applications or services ordered or purchased by customers;

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ii) We take title of the inventory of the applications before they are ordered by customers;

iii) We have risks and rewards of ownership, such as risks of loss for collection from customers after applications or services are provided to customers;

iv) We have latitude in establishing selling prices with customers;

v) We can modify the applications or perform part of the services;

vi) We have discretion in selecting suppliers used to fulfill an order; and

vii) We determine the nature, type, characteristics, or specifications of the applications or services.

If majority of the indicators of risks and responsibilities exists in the arrangements with third parties, we are acting as a principal and have exposure to the significant risks and rewards associated with the rendering of services or the sale of applications, and revenues for these services are recognized on a gross basis. If majority of the indicators of risks and responsibilities does not exist in the arrangements with third parties, we are acting as an agent, and revenues for these services are recognized on a net basis.

(vi) Revenue from the provision of Internet and telecommunications network resource services is recognized when the services are provided to customers.

(vii) Interconnection fees from domestic and foreign telecommunications operators are recognized when the services are rendered as measured by the minutes of traffic processed.

(viii) Lease income from operating leases is recognized over the term of the lease.

(ix) Sale of equipment is recognized on delivery of the equipment to customers and when the significant risks and rewards of ownership and title have been transferred to the customers. Revenue from repair and maintenance of equipment is recognized when the service is provided to customers.

We offer promotional packages, which involve the bundled sales of terminal equipment (mobile handsets) and telecommunications services, to customers. The total contract consideration of a promotional package is allocated to revenues generated from the provision of telecommunications services and the sales of terminal equipment using the residual method. Under the residual method, the total contract consideration of the arrangement is allocated as follows: the undelivered component, which is the provision of telecommunications services, is measured at fair value, and the remainder of the contract consideration is allocated to the delivered component, which are the sales of terminal equipment. We recognize revenues generated from the delivery and sales of the terminal equipment when the title of the terminal equipment is passed to the customers whereas revenues generated from the provision of telecommunications services are recognized based upon the actual usage of such services. During each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, a substantial portion of the total contract consideration is allocated to the provision of telecommunications services since the terminal equipment is typically provided free of charge or at a nominal amount to promote our core business of the provision of telecommunications services, and the fair value of the telecommunications services approximates the total contract consideration.

Accounting for Long-lived Assets

Depreciation. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets after taking into account their estimated residual value. The following estimated useful lives are used for depreciation purposes. These estimated useful lives are based on our historical experience with similar assets and take into account anticipated technological changes.

	Depreciable lives primarily range from
Buildings and improvements	8 - 30 years
Telecommunications network plant and equipment	5 - 10 years
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment	5 - 10 years

We review the estimated useful lives of the assets regularly in order to determine the amount of depreciation expense to be recorded during any reporting period. The depreciation expense for future periods is adjusted if there are significant changes from previous estimates.

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In order to expedite the construction of the new generation network and create state-of-the-art network experience, we resolved to accelerate the upgrade and replacement of corporate information system equipment, IPTV equipment and CDN equipment in order to promote our long-term sustainable development.

During the year, after reviewing the current condition of existing network equipment and assessing the impact of the evolution in telecommunications technologies and the business development needs, we considered the estimated useful lives of corporate information system equipment, IPTV equipment and CDN equipment would change from previously anticipated. As a result, we changed the estimated depreciable lives of such equipment from 10 years to 5 years, which could more accurately and appropriately reflect the changes in our expected consumption pattern of economic benefits embodied in these assets.

The changes in accounting estimates have been implemented with effect from October 1, 2017. Effect of changes in depreciable lives is estimated to increase depreciation expense by approximately RMB4,045 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The effect of such changes in depreciable lives represents a temporary difference and therefore does not have any effect on the total depreciation expenses of those assets during the assets’ lives.

Impairment . The carrying amounts of long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, intangible assets with finite useful lives and construction in progress are reviewed periodically in order to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. These assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their recorded carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For goodwill, the impairment testing is performed annually at each year end.

The recoverable amount of an asset or a cash-generating unit is the greater of its fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. When an asset does not generate cash flows largely independent of those from other assets, the recoverable amount is determined for the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows independently (i.e., a cash generating unit). In determining the value in use, expected future cash flows generated by the assets are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. The goodwill arising from a business combination, for the purpose of impairment testing, is allocated to cash generating units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment loss is recognized as an expense in the profit or loss. Impairment loss recognized in respect of cash-generating units is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, provision for impairment losses of RMB10 million was made against the carrying value of long-lived assets. For the year ended December 31, 2016, provision for impairment losses of RMB62 million was made against the carrying value of long-lived assets. For the year ended December 31, 2015, provision for impairment losses of RMB51 million was made against the carrying value of long-lived assets.

Impairment Losses for Bad and Doubtful Debts

We estimate impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts resulting from the inability of our customers to make the required payments. We base our estimates on the aging of our accounts receivable balance, customer credit-worthiness, and historical write-off experience. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, actual write-offs might be higher than expected.

Amounts due from the provision of telecommunications services to residential and business customers are generally due within 30 days from the date of billing. Customers who have accounts overdue by more than 90 days will have their services disconnected.

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The following table summarizes the changes in the provision for impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2016			2017
				(restated)
	(RMB in millions)
At beginning of year		2,478			2,935			3,402
Impairment losses for doubtful debts		2,172			2,203			1,962
Accounts receivable written off		(1,715	)		(1,736	)		(1,522	)
At end of year		2,935			3,402			3,842

Classification of lease arrangement with Tower Company

We entered into a lease arrangement with Tower Company regarding the lease of telecommunications towers and related assets, or Tower Assets on July 8, 2016, as further supplemented on February 1, 2018. We evaluated the detailed clauses of the lease agreements and determined such lease arrangements as operating leases according to the accounting policies on lease arrangements and based on the following judgments: (i) we do not expect any transfer of ownership of Tower Assets from Tower Company by the end of the lease term; (ii) we consider the current lease term of 5 years does not account for the major part of the economic lives of Tower Assets; (iii) the present value of minimum lease payment at the inception of the lease does not substantially account for all of the fair value of the Tower Assets; and (iv) Tower Assets are compatible with all telecommunications operators, and therefore are not of specialized nature that only we can use without major modifications.

Recently Issued International Financial Reporting Standards

Up to the date of issue of our 2017 financial statements, the International Accounting Standards Board has issued the following amendments to standards, new standards and interpretations which are not yet effective and not early adopted for the annual accounting period ended December 31, 2017:

	Effective for accounting period beginning on or after
IFRS 9, “Financial Instruments”		January 1, 2018
IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and the related Amendments		January 1, 2018
IFRIC 22, “Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration”		January 1, 2018
Amendments to IFRS 2, “Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions”		January 1, 2018
Amendments to IFRS 4, “Applying IFRS 9 Financial Instruments with IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts”		January 1, 2018
Amendments to IAS 40, “Transfers of Investment Property”		January 1, 2018
Amendments to IAS 28 as part of “Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2014-2016 Cycle”		January 1, 2018
IFRS 16, “Leases”		January 1, 2019
IFRIC 23 “Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments”		January 1, 2019
Amendments to IFRS 9 “Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation”		January 1, 2019
Amendments to IAS 28 “Long-term Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures”		January 1, 2019
Amendments to IFRSs “Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015-2017 Cycle”		January 1, 2019
Amendments to IAS 19, “Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement”		January 1, 2019
IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts”		January 1, 2021
Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28, “Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture”		A date to be determined

We are in the process of making an assessment of the impact that will result from adopting the amendments to standards, new standards and interpretations issued by the IASB which are not yet effective for the accounting period ended on December 31, 2017. Except for IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”, IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, and IFRS 16, “Leases”, so far we believe that the adoption of these amendments to standards, new standards and interpretations is unlikely to have a significant impact on our financial position and the results of operations.

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IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”

IFRS 9 introduces new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets, financial liabilities, general hedge accounting and impairment requirements for financial assets.

Key requirements of IFRS 9 which are relevant to us are:

• IFRS 9 contains three classification categories for financial assets: measured at (1) amortized cost, (2) fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), and (3) fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”). Specifically:

• Debt investments that are held within a business model whose objective is to collect the contractual cash flows, and that have contractual terms that give rise on specific dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding are generally measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods. Debt investments that are held within a business model whose objective is achieved both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets, and that have contractual terms that give rise on specific dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, are generally measured at FVTOCI. Other debt investments are measured at FVTPL.

• For equity securities, the classification is FVTPL regardless of the entity’s business model. However, entities may make an irrecoverable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value of an equity investments (that is not held for trading) in other comprehensive income, with only dividend income generally recognised in profit or loss.

• In relation to the impairment of financial assets, IFRS 9 requires an expected credit loss model, as opposed to an incurred credit loss model under IAS 39, “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement”. The expected credit loss model requires an entity to account for expected credit losses and changes in those expected credit losses at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition. In other words, it is no longer necessary for a credit event to have occurred before credit losses are recognized.

Based on our financial instruments and risk management policies as of December 31, 2017, our directors anticipate the following potential impact on initial application of IFRS 9:

Classification and measurement:

Listed equity securities classified as available-for-sale investments carried at fair value as disclosed in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report: these securities qualified for designation as measured at FVTOCI under IFRS 9, however, the fair value gains accumulated in other reserves amounting to RMB674 million as at January 1, 2018 will no longer be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss under IFRS 9, which is different from the current treatment. This will affect the amounts recognized in our profit or loss and other comprehensive income in the future, but will not affect total comprehensive income;

Equity securities classified as available-for-sale investments carried at cost less impairment as disclosed in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report: these securities qualified for designation as measured at FVTOCI under IFRS 9 and we will measure these securities at fair value at the end of subsequent reporting periods with fair value gains or losses to be recognized as other comprehensive income and accumulated in other reserves. Our directors anticipate that the remeasurement of these securities will not have significant impact on our consolidated financial statements; and

Other financial assets and financial liabilities will continue to be measured on the same bases as are currently measured under IAS 39.

Impairment

In general, our directors anticipate that the application of the expected credit loss model of IFRS 9 will result in earlier recognition of credit losses which are not yet incurred in relation to our financial assets measured at amortized costs and other items that subject to the impairment provisions upon application of IFRS 9 by us.

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Based on the assessment by our directors, if the expected credit loss model were to be applied by us, the accumulated amount of impairment loss to be recognized by us as at January 1, 2018 would be slightly increased as compared to the accumulated amount recognized under IAS 39 mainly attributable to expected credit losses provision on accounts receivable. Such further impairment recognized under expected credit loss model would reduce the opening retained earnings and increase the deferred tax assets as at January 1, 2018.

IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”

IFRS 15 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. IFRS 15 will supersede the current revenue recognition guidance including IAS 18, “Revenue”, IAS 11, “Construction Contracts” and the related interpretations when it becomes effective.

The core principle of IFRS 15 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. Specifically, the standard introduces a 5-step approach to revenue recognition:

• Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer

• Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract

• Step 3: Determine the transaction price

• Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

• Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

Under IFRS 15, an entity recognizes revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when ‘control’ of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to the customer.

Far more prescriptive guidance has been added in IFRS 15 to deal with specific scenarios. Furthermore, extensive disclosures are required by IFRS 15.

In April 2016, the IASB issued Clarifications to IFRS 15 in relation to the identification of performance obligations, principal versus agent considerations, as well as licensing application guidance.

Our directors have assessed the impact on application of IFRS 15 to our consolidated financial statements as follows:

• Consideration payable to a customer will be accounted for as a reduction of the transaction price and, therefore, of revenue unless the payment to the customer is in exchange for a distinct good or service that the customer transfers to the entity and the fair value of the good or service received from the customer can be reasonably estimated. Our directors have assessed that certain subsidies payable to third party agent incurred in respect of customer contracts, which will be ultimately enjoyed by end customers, may be qualified as consideration payable to customers under IFRS 15 and accounted for as a reduction of operating revenues. Such costs are generally expensed as incurred before the application of IFRS 15.

• The sales of terminal equipment and the provision of telecommunications services represent two separate performance obligations from the Company’s sales of the promotional packages. Before the application of IFRS 15, the total contract consideration of a promotional package is allocated to revenues generated from the provision of telecommunications services and the sales of terminal equipment using the residual method as illustrated in Note 2(o) to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report, which is no longer applicable under IFRS 15. IFRS 15 requires entities to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The primary impact on revenue recognition will be that when we sell promotional packages, which involve the bundled sales of terminal equipment, to customers, revenue allocated to terminal equipment and recognized at contract inception, when control of the terminal equipment typically passes from the Company to the customer, will increase and revenue subsequently recognized as telecommunications services are delivered during the contract period will reduce.

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• Certain incremental costs incurred in acquiring a contract with a customer will be deferred on the consolidated statement of financial position and amortized as revenue is recognized under the related contract. Our directors have preliminarily assessed that certain commissions incurred in obtaining customer contracts that payable to third party agents may be qualified as incremental costs under IFRS 15 and will be deferred on the consolidated statement of financial position and recognized as an expense when related revenue is recognized under the contract. Such costs are generally expensed as incurred before the application of IFRS 15.

The combined impact of the changes is expected to increase the gross profit recorded at inception on many customer contracts; in such cases, this will typically reduce the gross profit reported during the remainder of the contract term; however, these timing differences will not impact the total gross profit reported for a customer contract over the contract term.

Under the limited retrospective method, we applied the requirements to the open contracts existed at January 1, 2018, resulting in an increase to the opening retained earnings for 2018 ranging from approximately RMB3,500 million to RMB4,000 million for the cumulative effect of the change.

In addition, the application of IFRS 15 in the future may result in more disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 16, “Leases”

IFRS 16 introduces a comprehensive model for the identification of lease arrangements and accounting treatments for both lessors and lessees. IFRS 16 will supersede IAS 17, “Leases” and the related interpretations when it becomes effective.

IFRS 16 distinguishes lease and service contracts on the basis of whether an identified asset is controlled by a customer. Distinctions of operating leases and finance leases are removed for lessee accounting, and is replaced by a model where a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability have to be recognized for all leases by lessees, except for short-term leases and leases of low value assets.

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost (subject to certain exceptions) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. Subsequently, the lease liability is adjusted for interest and lease payments, as well as the impact of lease modifications, amongst others. Under the IFRS 16, lease payments in relation to lease liability will be allocated into a principal and an interest portion which will be presented as financing and operating cash flows, respectively, by us.

In contrast to lessee accounting, IFRS 16 substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements in IAS 17, and continues to require a lessor to classify a lease either as an operating lease or a finance lease.

Furthermore, extensive disclosures are required by IFRS 16.

Our directors are in the process of making an assessment of the impact that will result from adopting IFRS 16. A preliminary assessment indicates that we will recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability in respect of all the operating leases unless they qualify for low value or short-term leases upon the application of IFRS 16. In addition, the application of new requirements may result in changes in measurement, presentation and disclosure as indicated above. However, it is not practicable to provide a reasonable estimate of the financial effect until our directors complete a detailed review.

A. Operating Results

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016

Operating Revenues

Our operating revenues increased by RMB13,695 million, or 3.9% from RMB352,534 million in 2016 to RMB366,229 million in 2017. This increase was primarily driven by the revenues growth from Internet services, information and application services and telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment, which was partially offset by a decrease in revenues from voice services and other services.

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Voice Services. Revenues from our voice services decreased by 12.1% from RMB70,185 million in 2016 to RMB61,678 million in 2017, representing 16.8% of our operating revenues in 2017. Of this, revenues from our wireline voice services decreased by 14.3% from RMB25,988 million in 2016 to RMB22,263 million in 2017. This decrease was primarily due to the increasing penetration of mobile voice services and other alternative means of communications, which continued to divert revenues from wireline voice services, as well as the migration of some of our wireline telephone subscribers to our 3G and 4G services. Revenues from our mobile voice services decreased by 10.8% from RMB44,197 million in 2016 to RMB39,415 million in 2017. This decrease was primarily due to the effect of the mobile Internet services, such as Over-the-Top messaging services, as alternative means of communication.

Internet Services. Revenues from our Internet services increased by 14.7% from RMB150,449 million in 2016 to RMB172,554 million in 2017, representing 47.1% of our operating revenues in 2016. This increase was primarily due to the increase in our mobile Internet access revenues, which was attributable to the rapid growth in the volume of and revenue from our mobile handset Internet access. The revenues attributable to mobile Internet access services in 2017 was RMB92,961 million, representing an increase of 31.5% from RMB70,684 million in 2016, of which revenues attributable to mobile handset Internet access was RMB90,865 million, representing an increase of 33.1% from 2016. In addition, the number of our wireline broadband subscribers increased to 133.5 million as of December 31, 2017, representing an increase of 10.4 million, or 8.5%, from 123.1 million as of December 31, 2016. The wireline broadband revenue was RMB76,744 million in 2017, as compared to RMB76,805 million in 2016.

Information and Application Services. Revenues from our information and application services increased by 9.2% from RMB66,881 million in 2016 to RMB73,044 million in 2017, representing 20.0% of our operating revenues in 2017. This increase was primarily due to the increase in revenues from our wireline information and application services, which was partially offset by the decrease in revenues from our mobile information and application services. As a result of the rapid growth of our IDC, cloud, big data and IPTV (e-Surfing HD) services, the revenues attributable to wireline information and application services increased by 17.3% from RMB44,369 million in 2016 to RMB52,037 million in 2017. The revenues attributable to mobile information and application services decreased by 6.7% from RMB22,512 million in 2016 to RMB21,007 million in 2017 due to a decrease in revenue from traditional value-added services such as information inquiry services.

Telecommunications Network Resource Services and Lease of Network Equipment. Revenues from our telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment increased by 7.6% from RMB17,781 million in 2016 to RMB19,125 million in 2017, representing 5.2% of our operating revenues in 2017. Revenue from wireline telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment was RMB18,835 million in 2017.

Other Services. Revenues from other services decreased by 15.7% from RMB47,238 million in 2016 to RMB39,828 million in 2017, representing 10.9% of our operating revenues in 2017. The decrease in revenues from other services was primarily due to the decrease in the sales of mobile terminals. The revenues from sales of mobile terminals decreased by 22.7% from RMB34,612 million in 2016 to RMB26,759 million in 2017, primarily due to the reduction in our centralized procurement and the decrease in number of terminals sold through our own channels.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses increased by 4.2% from RMB325,314 million in 2016 to RMB339,009 million in 2017. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to increases in network operations and support expenses and depreciation and amortization, which was partially offset by the decrease in other operating expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization. Our depreciation and amortization expenses increased by 10.3% from RMB67,942 million in 2016 to RMB74,951 million in 2017. The increase in depreciation and amortization was mainly due to the changes in estimated depreciable lives of certain fixed assets from ten years to five years with effect from October 1, 2017, which resulted in an increase of RMB4,045 million of depreciation and amortization expenses in 2017, and the increase in depreciation and amortization expense of newly invested assets resulting from our continued investment in and construction of 4G and optic fiber network in recent years.

Network Operations and Support Expenses. Our network operations and support expenses increased by 10.4% from RMB94,156 million in 2016 to RMB103,969 million in 2017, primarily due to the increase in the tower assets lease fee and the operating and maintenance expenses. Our operating and maintenance expenses increased by 14.4% from RMB48,390 million in 2016 to RMB55,360 million in 2017, primarily attributable to the increase in costs of repairs and maintenance so as to ensure that high network quality services are provided.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Our selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 3.6% from RMB56,426 million in 2016 to RMB58,434 million in 2017. In 2017, we continued to optimize our sales and marketing model to improve the effectiveness of utilization of sales and marketing expenses by increasing investment in channel costs and reducing terminal subsidies. The selling expenses were RMB50,345 million in 2017, representing an increase of 5.3% from 2016. Our commission and service expenses for third parties were RMB36,273 million in 2017, representing an increase of 17.9% from 2016, while advertising and promotional expenses were RMB14,072 million in 2017, representing a decrease of 17.6% from 2016, of which the terminal subsidies was RMB4,707 million in 2017, representing a decrease of 49.8% from 2016.

Personnel Expenses. Personnel expenses increased by 2.8% from RMB54,504 million in 2016 to RMB56,043 million in 2017. The personnel expenses as a percentage of our operating revenues decreased from 15.5% in 2016 to 15.3% in 2017.

Other Operating Expenses. Our other operating expenses primarily consist of interconnection charges, cost of goods sold, donations and other expenses. Our other operating expenses were RMB45,612 million in 2017, which decreased by 12.8% from RMB52,286 million in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in the cost of mobile terminal equipment sold, which is commensurate with the decreased sales of such goods. The cost of mobile terminal equipment sold was RMB25,488 million in 2017, which decreased by 22.5% from RMB32,878 million in 2016.

Net Finance Costs

Our net finance costs increased by 1.7% from RMB3,235 million in 2016 to RMB3,291 million in 2017.

The net exchange loss was RMB134 million in 2017, compared to a net exchange gain of RMB113 million in 2016, which was primarily due to appreciation of the Renminbi exchange rate against the U.S. dollars in 2017. According to the exchange rates published by the People’s Bank of China on December 29, 2017, the exchange rate of Renminbi appreciated by 6.2% against the U.S. dollars from December 31, 2016.

Income Tax

In 2017, our income tax expense was RMB6,192 million with the effective tax rate of 24.8%. Our expected income tax expense at our statutory tax rate of 25.0% in 2017 would be RMB6,238 million. The difference between our effective income tax rate and the statutory income tax rate was primarily due to the preferential income tax rate, which was lower than the statutory income tax rate, enjoyed by some of our branches with operations in the western region of China and some of our subsidiaries. See Note 26 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report for further details in respect of the reconciliation of our effective income tax rate to the statutory income tax rate.

Profit Attributable to Equity Holders of the Company

As a result of the foregoing, the profit attributable to equity holders of the Company was RMB18,617 million in 2017, with a net margin of 5.1%, compared to a profit attributable to equity holders of the Company was RMB18,018 million in 2016 with a net margin of 5.1%.

Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2015

Operating Revenues

Our operating revenues increased by RMB21,017 million, or 6.3% from RMB331,517 million in 2015 to RMB352,534 million in 2016. This increase was primarily driven by the revenues growth from Internet services, information and application services, telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment and other services, which was partially offset by a decrease in revenues from voice services.

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Voice Services. Revenues from our voice services decreased by 10.8% from RMB78,661 million in 2015 to RMB70,185 million in 2016, representing 19.9% of our operating revenues in 2016. Of this, revenues from our wireline voice services decreased by 12.2% from RMB29,610 million in 2015 to RMB25,988 million in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to the increasing penetration of mobile voice services and other alternative means of communications, which continued to divert revenues from wireline voice services, as well as the migration of some of our wireline telephone subscribers to our 3G and 4G services. Revenues from our mobile voice services decreased by 9.9% from RMB49,051 million in 2015 to RMB44,197 million in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to the effect of the mobile Internet services, such as Over-the-Top messaging services, as alternative means of communication.

Internet Services. Revenues from our Internet services increased by 18.8% from RMB126,665 million in 2015 to RMB150,449 million in 2016, representing 42.7% of our operating revenues. This increase was primarily due to the increase in our mobile Internet access revenues, which was attributable to the rapid growth in the volume of and revenue from our mobile handset Internet access. The revenues attributable to mobile Internet access services in 2016 was RMB70,684 million, representing an increase of 39.4% from RMB50,695 million in 2015, of which revenues attributable to mobile handset Internet access was RMB68,263 million, representing an increase of 42.9% from 2015. In addition, the number of our wireline broadband subscribers increased to 123.1 million as of December 31, 2016, representing an increase of 10.0 million, or 8.9%, from 113.1 million as of December 31, 2015. The wireline broadband revenue was RMB76,805 million in 2016, representing an increase of 3.2% from 2015.

Information and Application Services. Revenues from our information and application services increased by 0.8% from RMB66,377 million in 2015 to RMB66,881 million in 2016, representing 19.0% of our operating revenues in 2016. This increase was primarily due to the increase in revenues from our wireline information and application services, which was partially offset by the decrease in revenues from our mobile information and application services. As a result of the rapid growth of our IDC, cloud and IPTV (e-Surfing HD) services, the revenues attributable to wireline information and application services increased by 5.5% from RMB42,057 million in 2015 to RMB44,369 million in 2016. The revenues attributable to mobile information and application services decreased by 7.4% from RMB24,320 million in 2015 to RMB22,512 million in 2016 due to a decrease in revenue from traditional services such as short and multimedia messaging services and information inquiry services.

Telecommunications Network Resource Services and Lease of Network Equipment. Revenues from our telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment increased by 0.8% from RMB17,635 million in 2015 to RMB17,781 million in 2016, representing 5.0% of our operating revenues in 2016. Revenue from wireline telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment was RMB17,603 million in 2016.

Other Services. Revenues from other services increased by 12.0% from RMB42,179 million in 2015 to RMB47,238 million in 2016. The increase in revenues from other services was primarily due to the increase in the sales of mobile terminals. The revenues from sales of mobile terminals increased by 8.1% to RMB34,612 million in 2016 from RMB32,026 million in 2015, primarily due to the growth in sales of mobile terminals driven by the sales of “multi-mode” handsets.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses increased by 6.6% from RMB305,070 million in 2015 to RMB325,314 million in 2016. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to increases in network operations and support expenses and other operating expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization. Our depreciation and amortization expenses increased by 0.4% from RMB67,666 million in 2015 to RMB67,942 million in 2016. The increase in depreciation and amortization due to newly added assets in 2016 was largely offset by the decrease in depreciation and amortization resulted from the disposal of tower assets.

Network Operations and Support Expenses. Our network operations and support expenses increased by 15.6% from RMB81,433 million in 2015 to RMB94,156 million in 2016, primarily due to the increase in the tower assets lease fee and related expenses.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Our selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 3.6% from RMB54,480 million in 2015 to RMB56,426 million in 2016. The selling expenses were RMB47,824 million in 2016, representing an increase of 4.1% from 2015. Commission and service expenses for third parties were RMB30,754 million in 2016, representing an increase of 15.4% from 2015, primarily due to a shift in our sales and marketing strategy that focuses more on sales through third-party channels. Advertising and promotional expenses were RMB17,070 million in 2016, representing a decrease of 11.5% from 2015, of which the terminal subsidies was RMB9,370 million in 2016, representing a decrease of 19.4% from 2015, primarily due to shift in our sales and marketing strategy away from subsidizing the cost of mobile terminal equipment offered to customers for free or at a nominal price.

Personnel Expenses. Personnel expenses increased by 3.6% from RMB52,586 million in 2015 to RMB54,504 million in 2016. This increase was primarily attributable to increased remuneration for our frontline staff. The personnel expenses as a percentage of our operating revenues decreased from 15.9% in 2015 to 15.5% in 2016.

Other Operating Expenses. Our other operating expenses primarily consist of interconnection charges, cost of goods sold, donations and other expenses. Our other operating expenses were RMB52,286 million in 2016, which increased by 6.9% from RMB48,905 million in 2015. The increase was primarily due to the increase in the cost of mobile terminal equipment sold, which is commensurate with the increased sales of such goods. The cost of mobile terminal equipment sold was RMB32,878 million in 2016, which increased by 6.4% from RMB30,895 million in 2015.

Net Finance Costs

Our net finance costs decreased by 24.3% from RMB4,273 million in 2015 to RMB3,235 million in 2016, primarily due to the decrease in the interest rate of the deferred consideration of Mobile Network Acquisition from 5.11% per annum in 2015 to 4.00% per annum in 2016 (adjusted in accordance with a 5 basis points premium to the yield of the 5-year super AAA rated Medium Term Notes once a year pursuant to the agreement).

The net exchange gain was RMB113 million in 2016, compared to a net exchange loss of RMB75 million in 2015, which was primarily due to depreciation of the Renminbi exchange rate against the U.S. dollars in 2016. According to the exchange rates published by the People’s Bank of China on December 31, 2016, the exchange rate of Renminbi depreciated by 6.4% against the U.S. dollars from December 31, 2015.

Income Tax

In 2016, our income tax expense was RMB5,993 million with the effective tax rate of 24.9%. Our expected income tax expense at our statutory tax rate of 25.0% in 2016 would be RMB6,029 million. The difference between our effective income tax rate and the statutory income tax rate was primarily due to the preferential income tax rate, which was lower than the statutory income tax rate, enjoyed by some of our branches with operations in the western region of China and some of our subsidiaries. See Note 26 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report for further details in respect of the reconciliation of our effective income tax rate to the statutory income tax rate.

Profit Attributable to Equity Holders of the Company

As a result of the foregoing, the profit attributable to equity holders of the Company was RMB18,018 million in 2016, with a net margin of 5.1%, compared to a profit attributable to equity holders of the Company of RMB20,058 million with a net margin of 6.1% in 2015.

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B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flows and Working Capital

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2016			2017
	(restated)			(restated)
	(RMB in millions)
Net cash flow from operating activities		108,755			101,135			96,502
Net cash used in investing activities		(102,255	)		(99,043	)		(85,263	)
Net cash from / (used in) financing activities		4,809			(9,555	)		(16,147	)
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		11,309			(7,463	)		(4,908	)

Cash and cash equivalents decreased by 21.2% from RMB24,617 million as of December 31, 2016, of which 81.8% was denominated in RMB, to RMB19,410 million as of December 31, 2017, of which 81.6% was denominated in RMB. Our net cash outflow was RMB4,908 million in 2017, as compared with the net cash outflow of RMB7,463 million in 2016.

Our principal source of liquidity is net cash inflow from operating activities, which was RMB96,502 million in 2017, a decrease of RMB4,633 million from RMB101,135 million of net cash inflow in 2016. The decrease was mainly due to the increase in the payment of expenses related to operating activities.

Net cash outflow used in investing activities decreased by RMB13,780 million from RMB99,043 million in 2016 to RMB85,263 million in 2017 primarily as a result of the decrease in capital expenditures.

Net cash outflow used in financing activities was RMB16,147 million in 2017 compared to RMB9,555 million in 2016. This change was primarily due to our repayment of deferred consideration of RMB61,710 million for the acquisition of mobile network assets, which was partially offset by our newly borrowed loans in 2017.

Our working capital (defined as current assets minus current liabilities) was a deficit of RMB203,858 million as of December 31, 2017, compared to a deficit of RMB244,999 million as of December 31, 2016. The deficit decreased because we repaid in 2017 the deferred consideration of RMB61,710 million for the acquisition of mobile network assets.

We estimate that our current cash and cash equivalents, together with our existing credit facilities from domestic commercial banks, cash flows from operating activities, as well as funds available from short-term and long-term bank borrowings and commercial paper, will be sufficient to satisfy our future working capital requirements and capital expenditures through the end of 2018. We have established and maintained high credit ratings with our principal domestic commercial lenders, which have facilitated our ability to obtain short-term and long-term credit on favorable terms to meet our financing requirements. As of December 31, 2017, we had unutilized credit facilities of RMB154,793 million with major domestic commercial banks, from which we can draw upon.

Indebtedness

Our indebtedness as of the dates indicated was as follows:

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016		2017
	(RMB in millions)
Short-term debt		51,636		40,780		54,558
Long-term debt and payable maturing within one year		84		62,276		1,146
Long-term debt and payable		64,830		9,370		48,596
Finance lease obligations (including current portion)		119		102		77
Total debt		116,669		112,528		104,377

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Our total debt decreased by RMB8,151 million from RMB112,528 million in 2016 to RMB104,377 million as of December 31, 2017, primarily due to the reduction in scale of interest-bearing debt as a result of our implementation of efficient centralized capital management. Our debt-to-asset ratio (total debt divided by total assets) decreased from 17.2% in 2016 to 15.8% in 2017. We believe that our Company has maintained a solid capital structure.

Our short-term debt constituted 52.3% of our total debt as of December 31, 2017. The weighted average interest rate of our short-term debt was 4.0% as of December 31, 2017, representing an increase of 0.7 percentage point from that as of December 31, 2016.

Our long-term debt and payable (including current portion) decreased from RMB71,646 million as of December 31, 2016 to RMB49,742 million as of December 31, 2017.

Of our total debt as of December 31, 2017, 99.4%, 0.4% and 0.2% were denominated in Renminbi, U.S. dollars and Euros, respectively.

Our short-term and long-term debt does not contain any financial covenants which materially restrict our operations.

Capital Expenditure

The following table sets forth our historical and planned capital expenditure requirements for the periods indicated. Actual future capital expenditures for the periods after December 31, 2017 may differ from the amounts indicated below.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018 (Planned)
	(RMB in millions)
Total capital expenditure		96,817		88,712		75,000

In 2017, we continued to enhance our management and control of capital expenditure, consistently optimized the investment structure as well as took advantage of Big Data to implement precision investment, which resulted in improvement of investment efficiency and effectiveness. In 2017, our capital expenditure was RMB88,712 million, a decrease of 8.4% from RMB96,817 million in 2016.

Our capital expenditure for 2018 is projected to be approximately RMB75,000 million. The investment in mobile networks will be mainly used for the optimization and quality improvement of our 4G networks. The investment in broadband networks will be mainly used for speeding up the construction of Gigabit networks, consolidating network access advantage, increasing the investment in bearer networks to support the development of 4G, optic fiber broadband networks and emerging businesses, expanding and updating the backbone networks, expanding city area networks to support CDN and promoting the construction of Data Center Interconnect, or DCI. The investment in emerging businesses will be focused on cloud computing, video platforms, CDN and integrated information services.

Capital Resources

The main sources of our capital expenditure are cash generated from operating activities, bank borrowings and other indebtedness. We expect that we will have sufficient funding sources to meet our capital expenditure requirements in the future.

C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

Our emphasis on research and development has contributed to the development of our advanced network, system, and the rollout of our new applications and services. Our researchers focus on network planning and support, new technology trials, market evaluation, investment-related financial analysis and other key areas. Specific areas of research include mobile communications technology, optic fiber transmission technology, next generation networks, cloud computing, Big Data, Internet of Things, broadband access, operation and service support systems and development of value-added services.

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D. Trend Information.

Please also refer to our discussion in each section of “—Overview” and “—A. Operating Results” included elsewhere under this Item.

E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2017, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or guarantees.

F. Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017:

	Payable in
	Total		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		After 2022
	(RMB in millions)
Contractual Obligations(1):
Short-term debt		54,558		54,558		—		—		—		—		—
Long-term debt		49,742		1,146		1,088		21,044		983		20,944		4,537
Interest payable		9,933		2,708		1,629		1,676		959		1,007		1,954
Finance lease obligations		77		51		13		5		4		3		1
Operating lease commitments		69,766		20,680		19,563		16,730		6,631		3,376		2,786
Capital commitments		11,246		11,246		—		—		—		—		—
Total contractual obligations		195,322		90,389		22,293		39,455		8,577		25,330		9,278

(1) See “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” for the contractual obligations relating to interest payments.

Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.

A. Directors and Senior Management

Directors and Senior Officers

Pursuant to our Articles of Association, our directors must be elected by our shareholders at a general meeting. Our directors are generally elected for a term of three years and may serve consecutive terms if re-elected.

On May 23, 2017, the term of office for the fifth session of the Board of Directors, or the Board, expired. At the 2016 annual general meeting held on May 23, 2017, the members of the fifth session of the Board, Mr. Yang Jie, Mr. Yang Xiaowei, Mr. Ke Ruiwen, Mr. Sun Kangmin, Mr. Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius, Madam Cha May Lung, Laura, Mr. Xu Erming, Madam Wang Hsuehming were approved to be re-appointed as members of the sixth session of the Board, and Mr. Gao Tongqing, Mr. Chen Zhongyue and Mr. Chen Shengguang were approved to be appointed as members of the sixth session of the Board. The term of office for the sixth session of the Board is three years, starting from May 23, 2017 until the date of the Company’s annual general meeting for the year 2019 to be held in the year 2020, upon which the seventh session of the Board will be elected. As of December 31, 2017, the Board comprised 11 Directors with six Executive Directors, one Non-Executive Director and four Independent Non-Executive Directors.

On May 22, 2017, Mr. Zhen Caiji resigned from his position as an executive vice president of the Company due to personal reason. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—We have experienced incidents of executive misconduct in the past, which could adversely impact our reputation, our financial condition and results of operations as well as the trading price of our securities.” in this annual report.

On June 7, 2017, Mr. Yang Xiaowei resigned from his positions as an executive director, president and chief operating officer of the Company due to change in work arrangement.

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On October 11, 2017, Mr. Liu Aili was appointed as the president and chief operating officer of the Company. On November 28, 2017, the appointment of Mr. Liu Aili as an executive director of the Company was approved at the extraordinary general meeting and the term of office commences from November 28, 2017 until the annual general meeting of the Company for the year 2019 to be held in year 2020.

On January 29, 2018, Mr. Sun Kangmin retired from his positions as an executive director and executive vice president of the Company due to his age.

The following table sets forth certain information concerning our current Directors and executive officers. The business address of each of our Directors and executive officers is 31 Jinrong Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, PRC 100033.

Name	Age		Position
Yang Jie		55	Executive Director, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Liu Aili		54	Executive Director, President and Chief Operating Officer
Ke Ruiwen		54	Executive Director, Executive Vice President and Joint Company Secretary
Gao Tongqing		54	Executive Director and Executive Vice President
Chen Zhongyue		46	Executive Director and Executive Vice President
Chen Shengguang		54	Non-Executive Director
Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius		70	Independent Non-Executive Director
Cha May Lung, Laura		68	Independent Non-Executive Director
Xu Erming		68	Independent Non-Executive Director
Wang Hsuehming		68	Independent Non-Executive Director

Yang Jie, age 55, is the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and joined the Board of the Company in October 2004. Mr. Yang is a professor-level senior engineer. He graduated from the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications with a major in radio engineering in 1984 and obtained a doctorate degree in business administration (DBA) from the ESC Rennes School of Business in 2008. Mr. Yang served as Deputy Director General of Shanxi Posts and Telecommunications Administration, General Manager of Shanxi Telecommunications Corporation, Vice President of China Telecom Beijing Research Institute, General Manager of Business Department of the Northern Telecom of China Telecommunications Corporation, Executive Vice President, President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company, and Vice President and President of China Telecommunications Corporation. He is also the Chairman of China Telecommunications Corporation. Mr. Yang has extensive experience in management and the telecommunications industry.

Liu Aili, age 54, is an Executive Director, President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company and joined the Board of the Company in November 2017. Mr. Liu is a professor-level senior engineer. He received a master of management degree from BI Norwegian School of Management, a doctorate degree in business administration from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and is a visiting scholar at Harvard University and Yale University. Mr. Liu served as Director General of Shandong Mobile Telecommunications Administration, Director General of Network Department of China Mobile Communications Corporation, Chairman and President of China Mobile Group Shandong Company Limited, Chairman and President of China Mobile Group Zhejiang Company Limited, Chairman of CMPak Limited in Pakistan, Non-Executive Director of China Communications Services Corporation Limited, Executive Director and Vice President of China Mobile Limited, Vice President of China Mobile Communications Corporation and the Chairman of China Tower Corporation Limited . He is also a Director and President of China Telecommunications Corporation. Mr. Liu has extensive experience in management and the telecommunications industry.

Ke Ruiwen, age 54, is an Executive Director, Executive Vice President and Joint Company Secretary of the Company and joined the Board of the Company in May 2012. Mr. Ke obtained a doctorate degree in business administration (DBA) from the ESC Rennes School of Business. Mr. Ke served as Deputy Director General of Jiangxi Posts and Telecommunications Administration, Deputy General Manager of Jiangxi Telecom, Managing Director of the Marketing Department of the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation, General Manager of Jiangxi Telecom, Managing Director of the Human Resources Department of the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation. He is also a Vice President of China Telecommunications Corporation and the Chairman of Supervisory Committee of China Tower Corporation Limited. Mr. Ke has extensive experience in management and the telecommunications industry.

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Gao Tongqing, age 54, is an Executive Director and Executive Vice President of the Company and joined the Board of the Company in May 2017. Mr. Gao graduated from the Changchun Institute of Posts and Telecommunications with a major in telecommunications engineering and received a doctorate degree in business administration from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Mr. Gao served as Deputy Director General of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Posts and Telecommunications Administration, Deputy General Manager and General Manager of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Telecom Company and General Manager of China Telecom Jiangsu branch. He is also a Vice President of China Telecommunications Corporation. Mr. Gao has extensive experience in management and the telecommunications industry.

Chen Zhongyue, age 46, is an Executive Director and Executive Vice President of the Company and joined the Board of the Company in May 2017. Mr. Chen received a bachelor degree from Shanghai International Studies University, a master degree in economy from Zhejiang University and an executive master degree of business administration (EMBA) from Xiamen University. Mr. Chen served as Deputy General Manager of China Telecom Zhejiang branch, Managing Director of the Public Customers Department of the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation and General Manager of China Telecom Shanxi branch. He is also a Vice President of China Telecommunications Corporation. Mr. Chen has extensive experience in management and the telecommunications industry.

Chen Shengguang, age 54, is a Non-Executive Director of the Company and joined the Board of the Company in May 2017. Mr. Chen graduated from Zhongnan University of Economics with a major in finance and accounting, and obtained a postgraduate degree in economics from Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences and a master degree in business administration (MBA) from Lingnan College of Sun Yat-sen University. Mr. Chen is currently the Director and General Manager of Guangdong Rising Assets Management Co., Ltd. (one of the domestic shareholders of the Company). Mr. Chen served as the Manager of Finance Department and Deputy General Manager of Guangdong Foreign Trade Import & Export Corporation, Head of Finance Department, Assistant to General Manager and Chief Accountant of Guangdong Guangxin Foreign Trade Group Co., Limited, Director of FSPG Hi-Tech Co., Ltd., Non-Executive Director of Xingfa Aluminium Holdings Limited, Director of Guangdong Silk-Tex Group Co., Ltd., Chief Accountant and Deputy General Manager of Guangdong Guangxin Holdings Group Ltd.. Mr. Chen has extensive experience in finance and corporate management.

Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius, age 70, is an Independent Non-Executive Director of the Company and joined the Board of the Company in September 2005. Mr. Tse is currently an Independent Non-Executive Director of CNOOC Limited, Sinofert Holdings Limited, SJM Holdings Limited and China Huarong Asset Management Co., Ltd., all of which are listed on the Main Board of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (“HKSE Main Board”). Mr. Tse is also an Independent Non-Executive Director of OCBC Wing Hang Bank Limited (formerly known as “Wing Hang Bank Limited”, which was listed on the HKSE Main Board until October 2014). He was an Independent Non-Executive Director of China Construction Bank Corporation, which is listed on the HKSE Main Board, from 2004 to 2010. Mr. Tse was also an Independent Non-Executive Director of Daohe Global Group Limited (formerly known as “Linmark Group Limited”), which is listed on the HKSE Main Board, from 2005 to 2016. Mr. Tse was appointed as an Independent Non-Executive Director of CCB International (Holdings) Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of China Construction Bank Corporation in March 2013. He is also a member of the International Advisory Council of the People’s Municipal Government of Wuhan. Mr. Tse is a fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, and the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“HKICPA”). Mr. Tse is a past President and a former member of the Audit Committee of the HKICPA. He joined KPMG in 1976, became a partner in 1984 and retired in March 2003. Mr. Tse was a Non-Executive Chairman of KPMG’s operations in China and a member of the KPMG China advisory board from 1997 to 2000. Mr. Tse is a graduate of the University of Hong Kong.

Cha May Lung, Laura, age 68, is an Independent Non-Executive Director of the Company and joined the Board of the Company in September 2008. Mrs. Cha is the Independent Non-Executive Director and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited. She is currently a Member of the Executive Council of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Chairman of the Financial Services Development Council of Hong Kong. She is the Non-Executive Deputy Chairman of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, the Asia Pacific subsidiary of HSBC Holdings plc, of which she is also an Independent Non-Executive Director. She is a Non-Executive Director of Unilever PLC and Unilever N.V., and Vice Chairman of the International Advisory Council of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”). Mrs. Cha served as Vice Chairman of CSRC from January 2001 to September 2004 and Assistant Director, Senior Director, Executive Director of Corporate Finance and Deputy Chairman of the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong from 1991 to 2001. She received a Juris Doctor degree from Santa Clara University of USA in 1982.

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Xu Erming, age 68, is an Independent Non-Executive Director of the Company and joined the Board of the Company in September 2005. Professor Xu is a professor and Dean of Business School of Shantou University and Vice Chairman of the Chinese Enterprise Management Research Association. He is entitled to the State Council’s special government allowances and is the Independent Non-Executive Director of Comtec Solar Systems Group Limited. Professor Xu served as a professor, Ph.D supervisor of the Graduate School and Dean of Business School at the Renmin University of China, and the Independent Supervisor of Harbin Electric Company Limited. Over the years, Professor Xu has conducted research in areas related to strategic management, innovation and entrepreneurship management, and has been responsible for research on many subjects put forward by the National Natural Science Foundation, the National Social Science Foundation, and other authorities at provincial and ministry level. He has received many awards such as the Ministry of Education’s Class One Excellent Higher Education Textbook Award, the State-Level Class Two Teaching Award and the National Excellent Course Award. Professor Xu has been awarded the Fulbright Scholar of U.S.A. twice and the visiting scholar of McGill University, Canada. Professor Xu was previously a lecturer at the New York State University at Buffalo, U.S.A., the University of Scranton, U.S.A., the University of Technology, Sydney, the Kyushu University, Japan, Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Thailand and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

Wang Hsuehming, age 68, is an Independent Non-Executive Director of the Company and joined the Board of the Company in May 2014. Madam Wang received a bachelor of arts degree from the University of Massachusetts and attended Columbia University. She was a Senior Advisor and former Chairman of BlackRock China. She was also the former Chairman of China at Goldman Sachs Asset Management. She joined Goldman Sachs in 1994, became a Partner in 2000 and an Advisory Director from 2010 to 2011. With nearly 30 years of experience in financial services, she participated in pioneering efforts in China’s economic reform and development. She was instrumental in advising Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and Ministry of Information Industry (now known as Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) in the privatizations and listings of its mobile and fixed line businesses. She also participated in advising appropriate operators in strategic investments by international telecom companies. The early cross-border financings of aircraft and other capital equipment in China’s aviation sector, as well as the separate listings of national airlines, and important provincial and municipal credit restructurings also formed part of Madam Wang’s understanding of China’s economic growth in the past three decades.

There is no family relationship between any of our directors or executive officers.

Supervisors

The PRC Company Law requires a joint stock company with limited liability to establish a supervisory committee. Our Supervisory Committee has four Supervisors. Two members of our Supervisory Committee are employee representatives elected by our employees. The remaining members are appointed by shareholders at a general meeting. The term of office of our Supervisors is three years, which is renewable upon re-election or re-appointment.

On May 23, 2017, the term of office for the fifth session of the Supervisory Committee expired. Mr. Tang Qi retired as a Supervisor of the Company on the same date. At the 2016 annual general meeting held on May 23, 2017, Mr. Sui Yixun, Mr. Hu Jing and Mr. Ye Zhong were approved to be re-appointed as Supervisors of the sixth session of the Supervisory Committee. Meanwhile, Mr. Zhang Jianbin and Mr. Yang Jianqing were elected by the employees of the Company democratically as the Supervisors of the Company representing the employees. The term of office for the sixth session of our Supervisory Committee is three years, starting from May 23, 2017 until the date of the Company’s annual general meeting for the year 2019 to be held in the year 2020, upon which the seventh session of the Supervisory Committee will be elected.

On February 27, 2018, Mr. Hu Jing resigned from his position as a Supervisor of the Company due to change in work arrangement.

The following table sets forth certain information concerning our current Supervisors:

Name	Age		Position
Sui Yixun		54	Supervisor (Chairman)
Zhang Jianbin		52	Supervisor (Employee Representative)
Yang Jianqing		58	Supervisor (Employee Representative)
Ye Zhong		58	Supervisor

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Sui Yixun, age 54, is the Chairman of the Supervisory Committee of the Company and joined the Supervisory Committee of the Company in May 2015. Mr. Sui is currently the Managing Director of audit department of the Company and a Supervisor of Tianyi Telecom Terminals Company Limited. Mr. Sui received a bachelor degree from Beijing Institute of Posts and Telecommunications and a master degree in business administration from Tsinghua University. Mr. Sui served as Deputy General Manager of China Telecom Shandong branch, Deputy General Manager of the Northern Telecom of China Telecommunications Corporation and General Manager of China Telecom Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region branch. Mr. Sui is a senior economist and has extensive experience in operational and financial management in the telecommunications industry.

Zhang Jianbin, age 52, is an Employee Representative Supervisor of the Company and joined the Supervisory Committee of the Company in October 2012. Mr. Zhang is currently the Deputy Managing Director of the Corporate Strategy Department (Legal Department) and the Deputy General Counsel of China Telecommunications Corporation. Mr. Zhang graduated from the Law School of Peking University in 1989 and received LLM degree. He also had EMBA degree from the Guanghua School of Management at Peking University in 2006. He previously worked at the Department of Policy and Regulation of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (“MPT”) and the Directorate General of Telecommunications (“DGT”) of the MPT. He served as Deputy Director of the General Office and Deputy Director of the Legal Affairs Division of the DGT of the MPT, Director of the Corporate Strategy Department (Legal Department) of the Company. Mr. Zhang is a senior economist with extensive experience in telecommunications legislation and regulation, corporate governance, corporate legal affairs and risk management.

Yang Jianqing, age 58, is an Employee Representative Supervisor of the Company and joined the Supervisory Committee of the Company in May 2017. Mr. Yang is currently the General Manager of Corporate Culture Department of the Company. Mr. Yang graduated from the Beijing Institute of Posts and Telecommunications with a bachelor degree in 1982 and obtained a master degree in business administration from the University of Hong Kong. Mr. Yang served as Director General of Xining Telecommunications Bureau in Qinghai province, Deputy General Manager and General Manager of China Telecom Qinghai branch, General Manager of China Telecom Gansu branch and financial controller of the Company. Mr. Yang is a senior engineer and has extensive experience in operational and financial management in the telecommunications industry.

Ye Zhong, age 58, is a Supervisor of the Company and joined the Supervisory Committee of the Company in May 2015. Mr. Ye is a senior accountant. He holds a bachelor degree. Mr. Ye is the Deputy General Manager of Zhejiang Financial Development Company (one of the domestic shareholders of the Company), Chairman and General Manager of Zhejiang Provincial Innovation and Development Investment Co. Ltd., Chairman of Zhejiang Venture Capital Fund of Funds Management Co. Ltd., Chairman of Zhejiang Financial Market Investment Co. Ltd., Chairman and General Manager of Zhejiang Agricultural Investment and Development Fund Co. Ltd., Chairman and General Manager of Zhejiang Infrastructure Investment (including PPP) Fund Co. Ltd., Director of Zhejiang Provincial Financial Holdings Co., Ltd. and Director of Zhejiang Provincial Industry Fund Co., Ltd. Mr. Ye served as Deputy Director of the Social Security Division of the Department of Finance of Zhejiang Province, Deputy Director of the Discipline Inspection Division and Director of Supervisory Office of the Department of Finance of Zhejiang Province delegated by the Discipline Inspection Commission and Department of Supervision of Zhejiang Province. Mr. Ye has extensive experience in government’s work and state-owned enterprise management.

B. Compensation

Compensation of Key Management Personnel

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company and its subsidiaries, directly or indirectly, including directors, supervisors and executive vice presidents of the Company and its subsidiaries. The aggregate amount of compensation we paid to our key management personnel was approximately RMB8.620 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.

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Our directors and supervisors receive compensation in the form of fees, salaries, allowances and benefits in kind, including our contribution to the pension plans for our directors and supervisors. The aggregate amount of compensation we paid to our directors and supervisors as a group for the year ended December 31, 2017 was approximately RMB7.407 million. The following table sets forth the compensation received or receivable by our Company’s directors and supervisors⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾:

	Directors’/ supervisors’ fees		Salaries, allowances and benefits in kind		Discretionary bonuses(3)		Share-based payments		Retirement scheme contributions		Total
	RMB thousands
2017
Executive Directors
Yang Jie		—		207		558		—		89		854
Liu Aili(4)		—		16		25		—		8		49
Yang Xiaowei(5)		—		110		420		—		39		569
Ke Ruiwen		—		184		503		—		85		772
Gao Tongqing(6)		—		99		127		—		51		277
Chen Zhongyue(7)		—		99		127		—		45		271
Sun Kangmin(8)		—		184		503		—		85		772
Non-Executive Director
Chen Shengguang(9)		—		—		—		—		—		—
Independent Non-Executive Directors
Tse Hau Yin		459		—		—		—		—		459
Cha May Lung		243		—		—		—		—		243
Xu Erming		230		—		—		—		—		230
Wang Hsuehming		243		—		—		—		—		243
Supervisors
Sui Yixun		—		196		483		—		78		757
Yang Jianqing(10)		—		150		202		—		47		399
Zhang Jianbin		—		189		495		—		78		762
Tang Qi(11)		—		83		98		—		41		222
Hu Jing(12)		—		113		346		—		69		528
Ye Zhong		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total		1,175		1,630		3,887		—		715		7,407

(1) The remuneration of all directors and supervisors were calculated based on their respective actual terms of office within this year.

(2) The independent non-executive directors’ remuneration were for their services as directors of the Company.

(3) The discretionary bonuses of the executive directors and supervisors were determined based on our performance for the year.

(4) Mr. Liu Aili was appointed as an executive director of the Company on November 28, 2017.

(5) Mr. Yang Xiaowei resigned as an executive director of the Company on June 7, 2017.

(6) Mr. Gao Tongqing was appointed as an executive director of the Company on May 23, 2017.

(7) Mr. Chen Zhongyue was appointed as an executive director of the Company on May 23, 2017.

(8) Mr. Sun Kangmin retired as an executive director of the Company on January 29, 2018.

(9) Mr. Chen Shengguang was appointed as a non-executive director of the Company on May 23, 2017.

(10) Mr. Yang Jianqing was elected by the employees of the Company democratically as a supervisor of the Company representing the employees on May 23, 2017.

(11) Mr. Tang Qi retired as a supervisor of the Company on May 23, 2017.

(12) Mr. Hu Jing resigned as a supervisor of the Company on February 27, 2018.

Discretionary Bonuses for Executive Directors

Compensation of our Executive Directors is determined pursuant to our director compensation plans thereof approved and adopted by the Board and the Remuneration Committee. Under the director compensation plan, Executive Directors receive discretionary bonuses subject to achievement of certain performance targets. The amounts of discretionary bonuses are reviewed and determined annually, with reference to certain financial indicators of the preceding year. Independent directors and non-executive directors do not receive any discretionary bonus.

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Discretionary Bonuses for Employee Supervisors

Certain of our supervisors are also our employees. Such employee supervisors are entitled to receiving discretionary bonuses under our compensation policies that are generally applicable to all employees. The amounts of such discretionary bonuses are determined with reference to the performance of the department in which an employee serves as well as his or her individual performance. The amounts of discretionary bonuses are reviewed and determined annually, based on the review of performance in the preceding year. Non-employee supervisors do not receive any discretionary bonus from our Company.

Stock Appreciation Rights

We implemented a plan of stock appreciation rights for members of our management in order to provide further incentives for these employees. The plan is designed to link the financial interests of our senior management with our future results of operations and the performance of our H shares. The number of stock appreciation right units granted to a person may also be adjusted in accordance with the result of his or her performance evaluation. Under this plan, stock appreciation rights were granted in units with each unit representing one H share. No shares will be issued under the stock appreciation rights plan. Upon exercise of the stock appreciation rights, a recipient will receive, subject to any applicable withholding tax, a cash payment in Renminbi, translated from the Hong Kong dollar amount equal to the product of the number of stock appreciation rights exercised and the difference between the exercise price and market price of our Company’s H shares at the date of exercise based on the applicable exchange rate between Renminbi and Hong Kong dollar at the date of the exercise.

In 2012, we approved the granting of 916.7 million stock appreciation right units to eligible employees. Under the terms of this grant, all stock appreciation rights had an exercise price of HK$4.76 per unit. A recipient of stock appreciation rights may exercise the rights in stages commencing November 2013. As at November 2014, 2015 and 2016, the total number of stock appreciation rights exercisable may not in aggregate exceed 33.3%, 66.7% and 100%, respectively, of the total stock appreciation rights granted to such person. On November 16, 2016, these stock appreciation right units expired, and no stock appreciation right units have been exercised since December 31, 2012.

In 2017, we did not grant any stock appreciation right units.

We recognize compensation expense of the stock appreciation rights over the applicable vesting period. Changes in our payment obligation under the stock appreciation rights plan resulting from changes in fair value of our H shares for the period subsequent to the vesting period through the date of the exercise are also reflected in our earnings. For the year ended December 31, 2015, compensation expense of RMB102 million was reversed by us in respect of stock appreciation rights as a result of decline in our share price. For the year ended December 31, 2016, compensation expense of RMB152 million was reversed by us in respect of stock appreciation rights as a result of the expiration of the stock appreciation right units granted by the Company in 2012.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, no liability arising from stock appreciation rights was assumed by us.

C. Board Practices

General

Pursuant to our Articles of Association, our directors must be elected by our shareholders at a general meeting. Our directors are generally elected for a term of three years and may serve consecutive terms if re-elected. On May 23, 2017, election of members of the Board were conducted and this election generated the sixth session of the Board consisting of 11 directors with six Executive Directors, one Non-Executive Director and four Independent Non-Executive Directors. The term of office for the sixth session of the Board lasts for three years, starting from May 23, 2017 until the date of the Company’s annual general meeting for the year 2019 to be held in the year 2020, upon which the seventh session of the Board will be elected. We determine the directors’ remuneration with reference to factors such as their respective responsibilities and duties in the Company, as well as their experiences and market conditions at the relevant time. None of the service contracts with our directors provide benefits to them upon termination.

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On May 23, 2017, the election of Mr. Gao Tongqing and Mr. Chen Zhongyue, respectively, as an executive director of the Company was approved at the annual general meeting. On May 23, 2017, the election of Mr. Chen Shengguang as a non-executive director of the Company was approved at the annual general meeting. On June 7, 2017, Mr. Yang Xiaowei resigned from his positions as an executive director, president and chief operating officer of the Company due to change in work arrangement. On October 11, 2017, Mr. Liu Aili was appointed as the president and chief operating officer of the Company. On November 28, 2017, the appointment of Mr. Liu Aili as an executive director of the Company was approved at the extraordinary general meeting and the term of office commences from November 28, 2017 until the date of the Company’s annual general meeting for the year 2019 to be held in the year 2020. On January 29, 2018, Mr. Sun Kangmin retired from his positions as an executive director and executive vice president of the Company due to his age. Our Board currently consists of ten directors with five Executive Directors, one Non-Executive Director and four Independent Non-Executive Directors.

The Board holds at least four meetings in each year. Additional Board meetings will be held in accordance with practical needs. In 2017, the Board played a pivotal role in the Company’s operation, budgeting, supervision, internal control, risk management, and other significant decisions and corporate governance. The Board reviewed significant matters including the Company’s annual and interim financial statements, quarterly financial results, financial and investment budgets, risk management and internal control implementation and assessment report, annual proposal for profit distribution, proposed establishment of a finance company, implementation of continuing connected transactions, implementation of new accounting standard on revenue, re-appointment and remuneration of auditors, change of session of the Board, change of directors and senior management of the Company and change of the depreciable lives of certain fixed assets. During the year, the Company convened four Board meetings and completed various written resolutions. In 2017, the Chairman held a meeting to communicate with Non-Executive Directors (including Independent Non-Executive Directors) without the presence of Executive Directors independently to ensure their opinions can be fully expressed and further facilitate the communication of different views amongst the Board.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee was established in 2002, and currently consists of three members, Mr. Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius (as the Chairman), Professor Xu Erming and Madam Wang Hsuehming, all of whom are Independent Non-executive Directors. The Audit Committee is accountable to the Board and reports to it periodically. The Committee meets at least twice each year. The Charter of the Audit Committee was approved by our Board in March 2005 and amended in March 2009, in December 2011 and in March 2015, respectively, pursuant to which the principal responsibilities of our Audit Committee include supervision of our Company to ensure authenticity and completeness of our financial statements and effectiveness and integration of the internal control and risk management system. The Audit Committee also supervises our internal audit department, and is responsible for the review and supervision of the qualifications, independence, selection and appointment of external independent auditors, and approval of services provided by the external independent auditors. In addition, the Audit Committee is responsible for ensuring that the management performs its duty to establish and maintain an effective risk management and internal control system including the adequacy of resources and qualifications and experience of staff fulfilling the accounting, internal control and financial reporting function of the Company as well as the adequacy of the staff’s training programs and related budget. The Audit Committee has established a mechanism for receiving and handling complaints or anonymous reports in respect of our accounting, internal control and audit matters.

In 2017, the Audit Committee held four meetings and passed two written resolutions, in which it reviewed important matters related to the Company’s annual and interim financial statements, quarterly financial results, assessment of the qualifications, independence, performance, appointments and remuneration of the external auditors, effectiveness of risk management and internal control systems, internal audit, proposed establishment of a finance company, implementation of continuing connected transactions, change of the depreciable lives of certain fixed assets and implementation of new accounting standard on revenue. The Audit Committee reviewed the annual auditor’s report, interim review report and quarterly agreed-upon procedures reports prepared by the external auditors, communicated with the management and the external auditors with regard to the regular financial reports and proposed them for the Board’s approval after review and approval by the Audit Committee itself. The Audit Committee received quarterly reports in relation to the internal audit and continuing connected transactions as well as risk management workshop and provided guidance to the internal audit department. In addition, the Audit Committee reviewed the internal control assessment report and the attestation report, followed up with the implementation procedures of the recommendations proposed by the external auditors, reviewed the U.S. annual report, and communicated independently with the external auditors twice a year.

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Remuneration Committee

The Remuneration Committee was established in 2003, and currently consists of three members, Professor Xu Erming (as the Chairman), Mr. Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius and Madam Wang Hsuehming, all of whom are Independent Non-Executive Directors. The Remuneration Committee is accountable to the Board and reports to it on its work periodically. The Remuneration Committee meets when necessary. The Charter of the Remuneration Committee was approved by our Board in March 2005 and amended in December 2011, pursuant to which the Remuneration Committee’s principal responsibilities include supervising the compliance of the Company’s remuneration system with legal requirements, presenting the evaluation report on the Company’s remuneration system to the Board, making recommendations to the Board on our overall remuneration policies and structure relating to compensation of directors and senior management and the establishment of a formal and transparent procedure for developing remuneration policy, and determining, with delegated responsibility by the Board, the remuneration packages of individual executive directors and senior management including benefits in kind, pension rights and compensation payments (including any compensation payable for loss or termination of their office or appointment).

The Remuneration Committee held one meeting in 2017, in which it reviewed and discussed the remuneration policy for the Directors of the sixth session of the Board.

Nomination Committee

The Nomination Committee was established in 2005. It currently consists of three members, Madam. Cha May Lung, Laura (as the Chairlady), Mr. Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius and Professor Xu Erming, all of whom are Independent Non-Executive Directors. The Nomination Committee is accountable to the Board and regularly reports to the latter on its work. The Nomination Committee meets when necessary. The Charter of the Nomination Committee was approved by our Board in September 2005 and amended in December 2011 and August 2013, respectively, pursuant to which the Nomination Committee’s principal responsibilities include reviewing the structure, size, composition and diversity of the board on a regular basis; identifying individuals suitably qualified to become board members and selecting or making recommendations to the board on the selection of individuals nominated for directorships; assessing the independence of independent non-executive directors; making recommendations to the board on the appointment or re-appointment of directors (especially Chairman and Chief Executive Officer) and succession planning for directors; and reviewing the Board Diversity Policy as appropriate to ensure its effectiveness and if necessary, making recommendations on any revision suggestions to the board for consideration and approval.

The Nomination Committee held one meeting and passed one written resolution in 2017, where it performed a review of the structure and operations of the Board, discussed the change of session of the Board and the proposed candidate for Director and other related matters.

Independent Board Committee

The Independent Board Committee consists of all Independent Non-Executive Directors. Meetings of the Independent Board Committee are convened to review certain connected transactions on a case by case basis pursuant to the Listing Rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

The Independent Board Committee did not hold any meeting or pass any written resolution in 2017.

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D. Employees

General

As of December 31, 2017, we had 284,206 employees. The table below sets forth the numbers of our employees according to their functions as of December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017:

	As of December 31,
	2015					2016					2017
	Number of Employees		Percentage of Total			Number of Employees		Percentage of Total			Number of Employees		Percentage of Total
Management, finance and administrative		43,998		15.1	%		43,194		15.1	%		44,289		15.6	%
Sales and marketing		151,448		51.9	%		147,885		51.5	%		141,261		49.7	%
Operations and maintenance		94,055		32.3	%		94,005		32.7	%		89,047		31.3	%
Others		2,025		0.7	%		1,992		0.7	%		9,609		3.4	%
Total		291,526		100.0	%		287,076		100.0	%		284,206		100.0	%

The primary components of an employee’s remuneration include basic salary, a performance based bonus and compensation based on seniority. In addition, we also emphasize the importance of employee training and use various means of training to improve the quality and capability of our key employees. We have not been subjected to any material labor disturbances that have interfered with our operations, and we believe that the relationship between our management and the labor union of our Company is good.

E. Share Ownership

As of December 31, 2017, none of our directors, supervisors or other senior executives was a legal or beneficial owner of any shares of our share capital.

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Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.

A. Major Shareholders

The table below sets forth information regarding the ownership of our share capital as of April 23, 2018 by all persons who are known to us to be the beneficial owners of 5.0% or more of each class of our voting securities.

Title of Shares	Identity of Person or Group	Amount Owned		Nature of Interest		Percentage of the Respective Type of Shares(1)		Percentage of Total Shares(1)
Domestic shares	China Telecom Group		57,377,053,317		long position		85.57%		70.89%
Domestic shares	Guangdong Rising Assets Management Co., Ltd.		5,614,082,653		long position		8.37%		6.94%
Title of Shares	Identity of Person or Group	Amount Owned		Nature of Interest		Percentage of the Respective Type of Shares(1)		Percentage of Total Shares(1)
H shares	JPMorgan Chase & Co.		1,478,119,112		long position		10.65%		1.83%
			32,694,200		short position		0.24%		0.04%
			1,194,255,185		lending pool		8.61%		1.48%
H shares	BlackRock, Inc.		1,178,943,407		long position		8.50%		1.46%
			240,000		short position		0.00%		0.00%
H shares	Templeton Global Advisors Limited		995,203,315		long position		7.17%		1.23%
H shares	GIC Private Limited		838,531,200		long position		6.04%		1.04%

(1) The percentage figures above have been rounded off to the nearest second decimal place.

(2) Information disclosed hereby is based on the information available on the website of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange at www.hkexnews.hk.

China Telecom Group, located at 31 Jinrong Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, PRC 100033, is our controlling shareholder and is a state-owned enterprise owned by the SASAC. Guangdong Rising Assets Management Co., Ltd., located at 17 Pearl River West Road, Pearl River New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PRC, is a state-owned enterprise owned by the provincial governments in Guangdong Province. JP Morgan Chase & Co. is located at 270 Park Avenue, New York 10017, United States. BlackRock, Inc. is located at 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801. Templeton Global Advisors Limited is located at Box N-7759, Lyford Cay, Nassau, Bahamas. GIC Private Limited is located at 168 Robinson Road, No. 37-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912.

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Based solely on information contained in an Amendment No. 11 to Schedule 13G, or the FRI Schedule 13G/A, jointly filed with the SEC, on February 6, 2018 by Franklin Resources, Inc., or FRI, Charles B. Johnson, Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. and Templeton Global Advisors Limited, 1,819,412,052 shares of our Company, or the FRI Shares, representing approximately 13.1% of the total number of our H shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017, were beneficially owned by investment companies or other managed accounts that were investment management clients of investment managers that were direct or indirect subsidiaries of FRI. These subsidiaries of FRI were generally granted all investment and/or voting power over the FRI Shares owned and, as a result, may be deemed to be the beneficial owners of the FRI Shares for the purposes of Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act. Each of Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. owned in excess of 10% of the outstanding common stock of FRI and was a principal shareholder of FRI. Each of FRI, Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. could be deemed a beneficial owner of securities held by persons and entities for whom or for which the subsidiaries of FRI provided investment management services. However, each of FRI, Charles B. Johnson, Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. and Templeton Global Advisors Limited disclaims beneficial ownership of any of the FRI Shares. The principal place of business of each of FRI, Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr., is One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, U.S.A. The principal place of business of Templeton Global Advisors Limited is Templeton Building, Lyford Cay, Nassau, Bahamas. The above disclosure is based solely on the information contained in the FRI Schedule 13G/A. For the numbers of our H shares that each of the subsidiaries of FRI has sole power to vote or to direct the voting of, or sole power to dispose or to direct the disposition of, or shared power to dispose or to direct the disposition of, and other details of the FRI Schedule 13G/A, please see the Schedule 13G/A jointly filed with the SEC by FRI, Charles B. Johnson, Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. and Templeton Global Advisors Limited on February 6, 2018.

None of our major shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement which may at a subsequent date result in a change of control of our Company.

B. Related Party Transactions

As of April 23, 2018, China Telecom Group, a state-owned enterprise owned by the SASAC, directly owned and controlled 70.89% of our issued share capital. Accordingly, transactions between China Telecom Group and us constitute connected transactions under the Listing Rules.

In connection with our restructuring in 2001, our acquisitions of telecommunications assets from China Telecom Group on December 31, 2003 and June 30, 2004, respectively, our acquisition of the CDMA Business in 2008, the Mobile Network Acquisition in 2012, and our sale of E-surfing Media in 2013, we have entered into various agreements with China Telecom Group relating to the mutual provision of ongoing telecommunications and other services. Such agreements include those for trademark licensing, centralized services, interconnection arrangements, optic fiber leasing, property leasing, land use right leasing, CDMA network capacity leasing, CDMA network facilities leasing, Internet applications channel services and other services.

Our Independent Non-Executive Directors have confirmed that all connected transactions for the year ended December 31, 2017 to which our Company was a party:

• had been entered into, and the agreements governing those transactions were entered into, by our Company in the ordinary and usual course of business;

• had been entered into either:

• on normal commercial terms or better; or

• if there were not sufficient comparable transactions to judge whether they were on normal commercial terms, on terms no less favorable to the Company than those available to or (if applicable) from independent third parties; and

• had been entered into in accordance with the relevant terms that are fair and reasonable and in the interests of the shareholders of the Company as a whole.

The details of the related party arrangements are described below.

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Arrangements Relating to Certain Acquisitions

Indemnification

In connection with the acquisition of telecommunications assets from China Telecom Group by our Company, under the Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated October 26, 2003, between our Company and China Telecom Group, China Telecom Group has undertaken to indemnify Anhui Telecom Company Limited, Fujian Telecom Company Limited, Jiangxi Telecom Company Limited, Guangxi Telecom Company Limited, Chongqing Telecom Company Limited and Sichuan Telecom Company Limited for any loss or damages suffered by those companies as a result of, or related to, the reorganization of those companies under which China Telecom Group transferred to those companies the telecommunications operations of China Telecom Group in Anhui Province, Fujian Province, Jiangxi Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Chongqing Municipality and Sichuan Province, and for any loss or damages suffered by those companies in connection with events preceding such reorganization.

In connection with the acquisition of telecommunications assets from China Telecom Group by our Company, under the Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated April 13, 2004, between our Company and China Telecom Group, China Telecom Group has undertaken to indemnify us and keep us indemnified against any loss or liability suffered by us or any acquired company including, but not limited to, any diminution in the value of the assets of or shares in any acquired company, any payment made or required to be made by us or any acquired company and any costs and expenses incurred as a result of or in connection with any claim falling on any acquired company resulting from or by reference to any income, profits or gains earned, accrued or received on or before the date of the acquisition or any event on or before the date of the acquisition whether alone or in conjunction with other circumstances and whether or not such taxation is chargeable against or attributable to any other person, firm or company.

Ongoing Related Party Transactions between Us and China Telecom Group and its affiliated companies

The following table sets out the amounts of ongoing related party transactions between us and China Telecom Group (as defined as China Telecom Group and its subsidiaries, except us herewith under this section) for the year ended December 31, 2017:

Transactions	Transaction Amounts
	(RMB millions)
Net transaction amount of centralized services		727
Net expenses for interconnection settlement		145
Lease of property from China Telecom Group		654
Lease of property to China Telecom Group		53
Provision of IT services by China Telecom Group		1,812
Provision of IT services to China Telecom Group		642
Provision of supplies procurement services by China Telecom Group		4,248
Provision of supplies procurement services to China Telecom Group		3,291
Provision of engineering services by China Telecom Group		18,672
Provision of community services by China Telecom Group		3,028
Provision of ancillary telecommunications services by China Telecom Group		16,072
Provision of Internet applications channel services to China Telecom Group		344
Interest on amounts due to and loans from China Telecom Group		2,720
Lease of CDMA network facilities from China Telecom Group		174
Lease of inter-provincial transmission optic fibers from China Telecom Group		13
Lease of land use rights from China Telecom Group		3

On September 23, 2015, the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation entered into supplemental agreements and renewed the Centralized Services Agreement, the Interconnection Settlement Agreement, the Property Leasing Framework Agreement, the IT Services Framework Agreement, the Community Services Framework Agreement, the Supplies Procurement Services Framework Agreement, the Engineering Framework Agreement, the Ancillary Telecommunications Services Framework Agreement, the Optic Fiber Leasing Agreement and the Internet Applications Channel Services Framework Agreement on the same terms (except the pricing terms) for a further term of three years expiring on December 31, 2018. The pricing terms of the agreements were elaborated or amended with a view to complying with the guidance letter on pricing policies for continuing connected transactions and their disclosure published by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in March 2014 (HKEx-GL73-14) and aligning with the transactions contemplated under the agreements. Set forth below are the details of these agreements, in addition to the Trademark License Agreement:

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Centralized Services Agreement

Pursuant to the centralized services agreement signed between the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation on September 10, 2002 and the related supplemental agreements subsequently entered into between the two parties (collectively, the “Centralized Services Agreement”), centralized services include centralized business management and operational services provided by the Company to China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates (as defined under the Listing Rules) in relation to key corporate customers, its network management center and business support center. Centralized services also include the provision of certain premises by China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates to the Company and the common use of international telecommunications facilities by both parties. The aggregate costs incurred by the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates for the provision of management and operation services will be apportioned between the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates on a pro rata basis according to the revenues generated by each party. Where the Company uses the premises provided by China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates, the Company will pay premises usage fees to China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates on a pro rata basis according to the apportioned actual area allocated to the Company. The premises usage fees shall be determined through negotiation between the two parties based on comparable market rates. When both parties use international telecommunications facilities provided by third parties and accept services by such third parties (for example, restoration maintenance costs, the annual utilization fee and related service costs) and when both parties use the international telecommunications facilities of China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates, the associated costs shall be shared on a pro rata basis according to volume of the inbound and outbound voice calls to and from international regions, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan originating from each party divided by the proportion of the aggregate volume of the inbound and outbound voice calls to and from international regions, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan originating from both parties. When the two parties use international telecommunications facilities provided by a third party and accept restoration maintenance costs, such fees shall be determined according to the actual utilization fee each year. The utilization fee associated with the shared use of the international telecommunications facilities provided by China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates shall be determined through negotiation between the two parties based on market rates. Market rates shall mean the rates at which the same or similar type of products or services are provided by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business and under normal commercial terms. When determining the relevant market rates, to the extent practicable, management of the Company shall take into account the rates of at least two similar and comparable transactions entered into with or carried out by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business in the corresponding period for reference.

The Company and China Telecommunications Corporation have entered into a supplemental agreement on September 23, 2015 and renewed the Centralized Services Agreement on the same terms (except the pricing terms) for a further term of three years expiring on December 31, 2018. No later than 30 days prior to the expiry of the Centralized Services Agreement, the Company is entitled to serve a written notice to China Telecommunications Corporation to renew the Centralized Services Agreement, and the parties shall consult and decide on matters relating to such renewal.

Interconnection Settlement Agreement

Pursuant to the interconnection settlement agreement signed between the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation on September 10, 2002 and the related supplemental agreements subsequently entered into between the two parties (collectively, the “Interconnection Settlement Agreement”), the telephone operator connecting a telephone call made to its local access network shall be entitled to receive from the operator from which the telephone call originated a fee prescribed by the MIIT of the PRC from time to time. Interconnection charges are currently RMB0.06 per minute for local calls originated from the Company to China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates. The interconnection settlement charges will be calculated according to the “Notice Concerning the Issue of the Measures on Interconnection Settlement between Public Telecommunications Networks and Sharing of Relaying Fees (Xin Bu Dian [2003] No. 454)” promulgated by the MIIT of the PRC. The MIIT of the PRC may, from time to time, take into account the relevant regulatory rules and market conditions, amend or promulgate new rules or regulations in respect of interconnection settlement which will be announced on its official website at www.miit.gov.cn. If the MIIT of the PRC amends the existing, or promulgates new rules or regulations in respect of interconnection settlement, the parties shall apply such amended or new rules and regulations as acknowledged by both parties. The settlement regions include Beijing Municipality, Tianjin Municipality, Hebei Province, Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Province, Shanxi Province, Henan Province, Shandong Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Xizang Autonomous Region.

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The Company and China Telecommunications Corporation have entered into a supplemental agreement on September 23, 2015 and renewed the Interconnection Settlement Agreement on the same terms (except the pricing terms) for a further term of three years expiring on December 31, 2018. No later than 30 days prior to the expiry of the Interconnection Settlement Agreement, the Company is entitled to serve a written notice to China Telecommunications Corporation to renew the Interconnection Settlement Agreement, and the parties shall consult and decide on matters relating to such renewal.

Property Leasing Framework Agreement

Pursuant to the property leasing framework agreement signed between the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation on August 30, 2006 and the related supplemental agreement subsequently entered into between the two parties (collectively, the “Property Leasing Framework Agreement”), the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates can lease properties from the other party for use as business premises, offices, equipment storage facilities and sites for network equipment. The rental charges under the Property Leasing Framework Agreement shall be determined according to market rates. Market rates shall mean the rental charge at which the same or similar type of properties or adjacent properties are leased by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business and under normal commercial terms. When determining the relevant market rates, to the extent practicable, management of the Company shall take into account the rental charges of at least two similar and comparable transactions entered into with or carried out by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business in the corresponding period for reference. The rental charges are subject to review every three years.

The Company and China Telecommunications Corporation have entered into a supplemental agreement on September 23, 2015 and renewed the Property Leasing Framework Agreement on the same terms (except the pricing terms) for a further term of three years expiring on December 31, 2018. No later than 30 days prior to the expiry of the Property Leasing Framework Agreement, the Company is entitled to serve a written notice to China Telecommunications Corporation to renew the Property Leasing Framework Agreement, and the parties shall consult and decide on matters relating to such renewal.

IT Services Framework Agreement

Pursuant to the IT services framework agreement signed between the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation on August 30, 2006 and the related supplemental agreements subsequently entered into between the two parties (collectively, the “IT Services Framework Agreement”), the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates can provide the other party with information technology services, including office automation and software testing. Each of the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates is entitled to participate in bidding for the right to provide information technology services to the other party in accordance with the IT Services Framework Agreement. The charges payable for such services shall be determined by reference to the market rates. Market rates shall mean the rates at which the same or similar type of products or services are provided by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business and under normal commercial terms. When determining the relevant market rates, to the extent practicable, management of the Company shall take into account the rates of at least two similar and comparable transactions entered into with or carried out by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business in the corresponding period for reference.

In the circumstances where the relevant laws or regulations in the PRC specify that the prices and/or the fee standards for particular services to be provided pursuant to such agreement are to be determined by a tender process, the charges payable for such services shall be finally determined in accordance with the “Bidding Law of the PRC” and the “Regulations on the Implementation of the Bidding Law of the PRC” or the relevant tender procedures. The Company shall solicit at least three tenderers for the tender process. If the terms offered by the Company or China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates are no less favorable than those offered by an independent third party provider, the Company or China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates may award the tender to the other party.

The Company and China Telecommunications Corporation have entered into a supplemental agreement on September 23, 2015 and renewed the IT Services Framework Agreement on the same terms (except the pricing terms) for a further term of three years expiring on December 31, 2018. No later than 30 days prior to the expiry of the IT Services Framework Agreement, the Company is entitled to serve a written notice to China Telecommunications Corporation to renew the IT Services Framework Agreement, and the parties shall consult and decide on matters relating to such renewal.

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Community Services Framework Agreement

Pursuant to the community services framework agreement signed between the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation on August 30, 2006 and the related supplemental agreements subsequently entered into between the two parties (collectively, the “Community Services Framework Agreement”), China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates provide the Company with community services such as culture, education, property management, vehicle service, health and medical care, hotel and conference service, community and sanitary service. The community services under the Community Services Framework Agreement are provided at:

(1) market prices, which shall mean the prices at which the same or similar type of products or services are provided by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business and under normal commercial terms. When determining the relevant market prices, to the extent practicable, management of the Company shall take into account the prices of at least two similar and comparable transactions entered into with or carried out by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business over the corresponding period for reference;

(2) where there is no or it is not possible to determine the market price, the prices are to be agreed between the parties based on the reasonable costs incurred in providing the services plus the amount of the relevant taxes and reasonable profit margin. For this purpose, “reasonable profit margin” is to be fairly determined by negotiations between the parties in accordance with the internal policies of the Company. When determining the relevant “reasonable profit margin”, to the extent practicable, management of the Company shall take into account the profit margin of at least two similar and comparable transactions entered into with independent third parties in the corresponding period or the relevant industry profit margin for reference.

The Company and China Telecommunications Corporation have entered into a supplemental agreement on September 23, 2015 and renewed the Community Services Framework Agreement on the same terms (except the pricing terms) for a further term of three years expiring on December 31, 2018. No later than 30 days prior to the expiry of the Community Services Framework Agreement, the Company is entitled to serve a written notice to China Telecommunications Corporation to renew the Community Services Framework Agreement, and the parties shall consult and decide on matters relating to such renewal.

Supplies Procurement Services Framework Agreement

Pursuant to the supplies procurement services framework agreement signed between the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation on August 30, 2006 and the related supplemental agreements subsequently entered into between the two parties (collectively, the “Supplies Procurement Services Framework Agreement”), China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates and the Company provide each other with supplies procurement services, including the comprehensive procurement services, the sale of proprietary telecommunications equipment, resale of third-party equipment, management of tenders, verification of technical specifications, storage, transportation and installation services.

Where the procurement services are provided on an agency basis, the maximum commission for such procurement services shall be calculated at: (1) not more than 1% of the contract value for procurement of imported telecommunications supplies; or (2) not more than 3% of the contract value for the procurement of domestic telecommunications supplies and domestic non-telecommunications supplies.

The pricing basis of the services for the provision of supplies procurement other than on an agency basis under the Supplies Procurement Services Framework Agreement is the same as those set out in the Community Services Framework Agreement.

The Company and China Telecommunications Corporation have entered into a supplemental agreement on September 23, 2015 and renewed the Supplies Procurement Services Framework Agreement on the same terms (except the pricing terms) for a further term of three years expiring on December 31, 2018. No later than 30 days prior to the expiry of the Supplies Procurement Services Framework Agreement, the Company is entitled to serve a written notice to China Telecommunications Corporation to renew the Supplies Procurement Services Framework Agreement, and the parties shall consult and decide on matters relating to such renewal.

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Engineering Framework Agreement

Pursuant to the engineering framework agreement signed between the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation on August 30, 2006 and the related supplemental agreements subsequently entered into between the two parties (collectively, the “Engineering Framework Agreement”), China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates through bids provide to the Company services such as construction, design, equipment installation and testing and/or engineering project supervision services. The charges payable for such engineering services shall be determined by reference to market rates. Market rates shall mean the rates at which the same or similar type of products or services are provided by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business and under normal commercial terms. When determining the relevant market rates, to the extent practicable, management of the Company shall take into account the rates of at least two similar and comparable transactions entered into with or carried out by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business in the corresponding period for reference. The charges payable for the design or supervision of engineering projects with a value of over RMB500,000 or engineering construction projects with a value of over RMB2 million shall be determined by the tender award price, which is determined in accordance with the relevant tendering procedure of the Company and the relevant laws and regulations in the PRC, including the “Bidding Law of the PRC” and the “Regulations on the Implementation of the Bidding Law of the PRC”. The Company shall solicit at least three tenderers for the tender process.

The Company does not accord any priority to China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates to provide such services, and the tender may be awarded to an independent third party. However, if the terms of an offer from China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates are at least as favourable as those offered by other tenderers, the Company may award the tender to China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates.

The Company and China Telecommunications Corporation have entered into a supplemental agreement on September 23, 2015 and renewed the Engineering Framework Agreement on the same terms (except the pricing terms) for a further term of three years expiring on December 31, 2018. No later than 30 days prior to the expiry of the Engineering Framework Agreement, the Company is entitled to serve a written notice to China Telecommunications Corporation to renew the Engineering Framework Agreement, and the parties shall consult and decide on matters relating to such renewal.

Ancillary Telecommunications Services Framework Agreement

Pursuant to the ancillary telecommunications services framework agreement signed between the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation on August 30, 2006 and the related supplemental agreements subsequently entered into between the two parties (collectively, the “Ancillary Telecommunications Services Framework Agreement”), China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates provide the Company with certain repair and maintenance services, including repair of telecommunications equipment, maintenance of fire equipment and telephone booths, as well as other customer services. The pricing terms for such services are the same as those set out in the Community Services Framework Agreement.

The Company and China Telecommunications Corporation have entered into a supplemental agreement on September 23, 2015 and renewed the Ancillary Telecommunications Services Framework Agreement on the same terms (except the pricing terms) for a further term of 3 years expiring on December 31, 2018. No later than 30 days prior to the expiry of the Ancillary Telecommunications Services Framework Agreement, the Company is entitled to serve a written notice to China Telecommunications Corporation to renew the Ancillary Telecommunications Services Framework Agreement, and the parties shall consult and decide on matters relating to such renewal.

Optic Fiber Leasing Agreement

The Company leases from China Telecom Group the inter-provincial transmission optic fibers in Shanghai Municipality, Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province, which the Company’s telecommunications services are dependent upon, under the Optic Fiber Leasing Agreement dated September 10, 2002 and the related supplemental agreements (collectively, the “Optic Fiber Leasing Agreement”). The rent payable by the Company to China Telecom Group to lease the relevant parts of the inter-provincial transmission optic fibers will be based on negotiations between the parties with reference to the market price. Market rates shall mean the rental charge at which the same or similar type of properties or adjacent properties are leased by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business and under normal commercial terms. When determining the relevant market rates, to the extent practicable, management of the Company shall take into account the rental charges of at least two similar and comparable transactions entered into with or carried out by independent third parties in the ordinary course of business in the corresponding period for reference. In addition, The Company agreed to be responsible for the maintenance of these optic fibers within those service regions.

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The Company and China Telecommunications Corporation have entered into a supplemental agreement on September 23, 2015 and renewed the Optic Fiber Leasing Agreement on the same terms (except the pricing terms) for a further term of 3 years expiring on December 31, 2018. The Company may renew the Optic Fiber Leasing Agreement for such further periods as the parties may agree, by 30 days’ written notification to China Telecommunications Corporation.

Internet Applications Channel Services Framework Agreement

Pursuant to the Internet applications channel services framework agreement signed between the Company and China Telecommunications Corporation on December 16, 2013 and the related supplemental agreement subsequently entered into between the two parties (collectively, the “Internet Applications Channel Services Framework Agreement”), the Company provides Internet applications channel services to China Telecommunications Corporation and/or its associates. The channel services mainly include the provision of telecommunications channel and applications support platform, provision of billing and deduction services, coordination of sales promotion and development of customers services, etc. The pricing terms for such services are the same as those set out in the Community Services Framework Agreement.

The Company and China Telecommunications Corporation have entered into a supplemental agreement on September 23, 2015 and renewed the Internet Applications Channel Services Framework Agreement on the same terms (except the pricing terms) for a further term of 3 years expiring on December 31, 2018. No later than 30 days prior to the expiry of the Internet Applications Channel Services Framework Agreement, the Company is entitled to serve a written notice to China Telecommunications Corporation to renew the Internet Applications Channel Services Framework Agreement, and the parties shall consult and decide on matters relating to such renewal.

Trademark License Agreement

China Telecommunications Corporation has registered a number of trademarks, and is in the process of registering other trademarks with the Trademark Office. Under the trademark license agreement, dated September 10, 2002, and the related supplemental agreements (collectively, the “Trademark License Agreement”), China Telecommunications Corporation has granted to the Company a right to use its registered trademarks and its trademarks pending registration on a royalty-free basis.

The Company and China Telecommunications Corporation agreed on September 23, 2015 to renew the Trademark License Agreement pursuant to its terms for a further term expiring on December 31, 2018. The Company may renew the Trademark License Agreement for such further periods as the parties may agree, by 30 days’ written notification to China Telecommunications Corporation.

Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of the CDMA Network Assets and Associated Liabilities

See “Item 4—Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of the CDMA Network Assets and Associated Liabilities.”

Our Transfer of Assets to and Tower Lease Arrangements with the Tower Company

See “Item 4—Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company – Establishment of the Tower Company and the Disposal and Lease of the Telecommunications Towers”.

Disposal of E-Store to Besttone Holding

See “Item 4—Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—Disposal of E-Store and Establishment of Tianyi Capital.”

Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of the Satellite Communications Business

See “Item 4—Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of the Satellite Communications Business.”

Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of Zhonghe Hengtai

See “Item 4—Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company—Our Acquisition from China Telecom Group of Zhonghe Hengtai.”

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Our Borrowings from China Telecom Group

We from time to time borrow short term unsecured loans from China Telecom Group to supplement our working capital needs. As of December 31, 2017, the aggregate outstanding principal amount of such loans was RMB19,098 million, which bear interest at fixed rate of 3.5% per annum. On December 25, 2017, we obtained long-term unsecured loans from China Telecom Group to meet our long-term funding needs. As of December 31, 2017, the aggregate outstanding principal amount of such loans was RMB40,000 million, which bear interest at fixed rate of 3.8% per annum and are payable within three to five years. See Note 15 to our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this report for details.

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

Item 8. Financial Information.

Our consolidated financial statements are set forth beginning on page F-1. No significant change has occurred since the date of the annual financial statements.

Legal Proceeding

We are the defendant in certain lawsuits and a named party in other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. While the outcomes of such contingencies, lawsuits or other legal proceedings cannot be determined at present, we believe that the outcomes of such contingencies, lawsuits or other legal proceedings will not likely result in any material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Policy on Dividend Distributions

Pursuant to the shareholders’ approval at the annual general meeting held on May 23, 2017, a final dividend of RMB7,530 million (RMB0.093043 per share equivalent to HK$0.105 per share, pre-tax) for the year ended December 31, 2016 was declared, all of which has been fully paid. Pursuant to a resolution passed at the Directors’ meeting on March 28, 2018, a final dividend of approximately RMB7,518 million (RMB0.092888 per share equivalent to HK$0.115 per share, pre-tax) for the year ended December 31, 2017 was proposed for shareholders’ approval at the forthcoming annual general meeting.

The declaration and payment of dividends for years following 2017 will depend upon our financial results, our shareholders’ interests, general business conditions and strategies, our capital requirements, contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries, if any, to us, possible effects on our creditworthiness and other factors our directors may deem relevant. Our Board will declare dividends, if any, in Renminbi with respect to our H shares on a per share basis and will pay such dividends in Hong Kong dollars. Any final dividend for a fiscal year will be subject to shareholders’ approval. Under the PRC Company Law and our Articles of Association, all of our shareholders have equal rights to dividends and distributions. The holders of our H shares will share proportionately on a per share basis in all dividends and other distributions declared by our Company.

The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary, will convert the Hong Kong dollar dividend payment and distribute it to holders of ADSs in U.S. dollars, less related fees and expenses and any withholding tax.

Item 9. The Offer and Listing.

In connection with our initial public offering, our ADSs were listed and commenced trading on the NYSE on November 14, 2002 under the symbol “CHA.” Our H shares were listed and commenced trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on November 15, 2002. Prior to these listings, there was no public market for our equity securities. The NYSE and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange are the principal trading markets for our ADSs and H shares, which are not listed on any other exchanges in or outside the United States.

As of December 31, 2017 and April 23, 2018, there were 13,877,410,000 H shares issued and outstanding. As of December 31, 2017 and April 23, 2018, there were, respectively, 44 and 43 registered holders of American depositary receipts evidencing 5,071,849 and 5,800,634 ADSs. Since certain of the ADSs are held by nominees, the above number may not be representative of the actual number of U.S. beneficial holders of ADSs or the number of ADSs beneficially held by U.S. persons. The depositary for the ADSs is The Bank of New York Mellon.

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The high and low closing sale prices of the shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and of the ADSs on the NYSE for the periods indicated are as follows.

	Price per Share (HK$)				Price per ADS (US$)
	High		Low		High		Low
Annual
2013		4.40		3.56		57.97		45.35
2014		5.17		3.15		66.61		40.35
2015		6.02		3.44		78.28		43.67
2016		4.29		3.31		55.66		42.67
2017		4.20		3.57		53.67		45.98
Quarterly
Third Quarter, 2015		4.66		3.65		59.29		47.04
Fourth Quarter, 2015		4.20		3.44		54.36		43.67
First Quarter, 2016		4.10		3.31		52.57		43.00
Second Quarter, 2016		4.29		3.31		55.66		42.67
Third Quarter, 2016		4.19		3.44		53.87		44.82
Fourth Quarter, 2016		4.15		3.56		53.34		45.98
First Quarter, 2017		3.82		3.57		49.45		45.98
Second Quarter, 2017		3.92		3.71		50.35		47.66
Third Quarter, 2017		4.09		3.64		52.21		46.62
Fourth Quarter, 2017		4.20		3.69		53.67		47.18
First Quarter, 2018		3.92		3.27		50.23		41.28
Monthly
October 2017		4.20		3.90		53.67		50.05
November 2017		3.93		3.75		50.59		48.23
December 2017		3.88		3.69		48.99		47.18
January 2018		3.92		3.70		50.23		47.83
February 2018		3.85		3.41		49.02		43.41
March 2018		3.46		3.27		44.48		41.28
April 2018 (through April 23, 2018)		3.68		3.43		46.67		43.54

Item 10. Additional Information.

A. Share Capital

Not applicable.

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

The following is a summary of certain provisions of our Articles of Association, as amended. Such summary does not purport to be complete. For further information, you and your advisors should refer to the text of our Articles of Association, as amended, and to the texts of applicable laws and regulations. A copy of our Articles of Association is filed as an exhibit to this annual report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Holders of our domestic shares and H shares are deemed to be shareholders of different classes for various matters, which affect their respective interests. For instance, if we propose an increase in domestic shares, holders of H shares would be entitled to vote on that proposal as a separate class. See “—Voting Rights and Shareholders’ Meetings” included elsewhere under this Item.

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Objects and Purposes

We are a joint stock limited company established in accordance with the PRC Company Law, the State Council’s Special Regulations Regarding the Issue of Shares Overseas and the Listing of Shares Overseas by Companies Limited by Shares and other relevant laws and regulations of the State. We registered with the PRC State Administration for Industry and Commerce. Article 14 of our Articles of Association provides that our scope of business includes, among other things, operation of basic and value-added telecommunications businesses.

Directors

Our Articles of Association provide that each of our directors is obligated to each shareholder to act honestly in our Company’s best interests; not to exploit corporate assets for personal gain; and not to expropriate the rights of our shareholders.

Where a director is materially interested, directly or indirectly, in a contract, transaction or arrangement (including any proposed contract, transaction or arrangement) with us, he or she shall declare the nature and extent of his or her interests to the Board at the earliest opportunity, whether or not such contract, transaction or arrangement is otherwise subject to the approval of the Board. A director shall not vote, and shall not be counted in the quorum of the meeting, on any resolution concerning any contract, transaction or arrangement where the director owns material rights or interests therein. A director is deemed to be interested in a contract, transaction or arrangement in which his associate (as defined in the Listing Rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange) is interested.

Unless the interested director discloses his interests to the board and the contract, transaction or arrangement in which the director is materially interested is approved by the board of directors at a meeting in which the director neither votes nor is counted in the quorum, such contract, transaction or arrangement may be revoked by us except with respect to a bona fide party thereto who does not have notice of the breach of duty by the interested director.

Further, we may not make loans or provide guarantees to directors or any of their associates, except where such loan or guarantee is made or provided under a service contract as approved by shareholders at the shareholders’ general meeting and to meet expenditure requirement incurred or for the purpose of enabling the director to perform his or her duties properly or made in the ordinary course of business.

All decisions relating to the compensation of directors are made at shareholders’ meetings.

There are no provisions under our articles of association which relate to:

• the retirement or non-retirement of directors under any age limit requirement;

• directors’ borrowing power; or

• number of shares required for director’s qualification.

Dividends

Our Board may propose dividend distributions at any time. Our Board may declare interim and special dividends under general authorization by a shareholders’ ordinary resolution. A distribution of final dividends for any fiscal year is subject to shareholders’ approval. Dividends may be distributed in the form of cash or shares. A distribution of shares, however, must be approved by special resolution of the shareholders.

We may only distribute dividends from our retained earnings as determined in accordance with the accounting principles of the PRC or IFRS, whichever is lower, after allowance has been made for:

• recovery of losses, if any;

• allocations to the statutory common reserve fund of 10.0% of our profit; and

• allocations to a discretionary common reserve fund if approved by the shareholders.

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Our Articles of Association require us to appoint on behalf of the holders of H shares a receiving agent that is registered as a trust company under the Trustee Ordinance of Hong Kong to receive dividends declared by us in respect of the H shares on behalf of such shareholders. Our Articles of Association require that cash dividends in respect of H shares be declared in Renminbi and paid by us in Hong Kong dollars. The Bank of New York Mellon, as the ADS depositary, will convert these proceeds into U.S. dollars and will remit the converted proceeds to holders of our ADSs after deduction of related fees and expenses and any withholding tax.

Dividends payments may be subject to the PRC withholding tax. See “—E. Taxation—People’s Republic of China—Taxation of Dividends” included elsewhere under this Item.

Voting Rights and Shareholders’ Meetings

Our Board will convene a shareholders’ annual general meeting once every year and within six months from the end of the preceding fiscal year. Our Board must convene an extraordinary general meeting within two months of the occurrence of any of the following events:

• where the number of directors is less than the number stipulated in the PRC Company Law or two-thirds of the number specified in our Articles of Association;

• where our unrecovered losses reach one-third of the total amount of our share capital;

• where shareholder(s) holding 10.0% or more of our issued and outstanding voting shares so request(s) in writing;

• whenever our Board deems necessary or our supervisory committee so requests; or

• whenever two or more of our independent directors so request.

Resolutions proposed by shareholder(s) holding 5.0% or more of the total voting shares shall be included in the agenda for the relevant annual general meeting if they are within the functions and powers of shareholders in general meetings.

All shareholders’ meetings must be convened by our Board by written notice given to shareholders not less than 45 days before the meeting. We may convene a shareholders’ general meeting where the number of voting shares represented by those shareholders from whom we have received 20 days before the meeting notices of intention to attend the meeting reaches one half or more of our voting shares; or, if that number is not reached, we shall within five days notify the shareholders again of the matters proposed to be considered at the meeting, the date and the place of the meeting by way of public announcement. After such public announcement, we may hold the shareholders’ general meeting. The accidental omission by us to give notice of a meeting to, or the non-receipt of notice of a meeting by, a shareholder will not invalidate the proceedings at that shareholders’ meeting.

Shareholders at meetings have the power, among other matters, to approve or reject our profit distribution plans, annual budget, financial statements, increases or decreases in share capital, issuances of debentures, mergers, liquidation and any amendment to our Articles of Association. In addition, the rights of a class of shareholders may not be modified or abrogated, unless approved by a special resolution of shareholders at a general shareholders’ meeting and by a special resolution of shareholders of that class of shares at a separate meeting. Our Articles of Association enumerate various amendments which would be deemed to be a modification or abrogation of the rights of a class of shareholders, including, among others, increasing or decreasing the number of shares of a class disproportionate to increases or decreases of other classes of shares, removing or reducing rights to receive dividends in a particular currency or creating shares with voting or equity rights superior to those of shares of that class. There are no restrictions under PRC law or our Articles of Association on the ability of investors that are not PRC residents to hold H shares and exercise voting rights.

Each share is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted for vote at all shareholders’ meetings, except for meetings of a special class of shareholders where only holders of shares of the affected class are entitled to vote on the basis of one vote per share of the affected class.

Shareholders are entitled to attend and vote at meetings either in person or by proxy. Proxies must be in writing and deposited at our legal address or such other place as is specified in the meeting notice, not less than 24 hours before the time for holding the meeting at which the proxy proposes to vote or the time appointed for the passing of the relevant resolution(s). When the instrument appointing a proxy is executed by the shareholder’s attorney-in-fact, such proxy when deposited must be accompanied by a notary certified copy of the relevant power of attorney or other authority under which the proxy was executed.

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Resolutions on any of the following matters must be approved by more than two-thirds of the voting rights held by shareholders who are present in person or by proxy:

• an increase or decrease in our share capital or the issuance of shares, warrants and other similar securities;

• issuance of debentures;

• our division, merger, dissolution or liquidation (shareholders who object to a proposed merger are entitled to demand that either we or the shareholders who approved the merger purchase their shares at a fair price);

• amendments to our Articles of Association;

• amendment of shareholders’ rights of any class of shares; and

• any other matters determined by a majority of shareholders at a general meeting to have a material impact on us and which should be approved by two-thirds of the voting rights.

All other actions taken by the shareholders will be approved by a majority of the voting rights held by shareholders.

Any shareholder resolution that is in violation of any PRC laws or regulations or the Articles of Association will be null and void.

Liquidation Rights

In the event of our liquidation, the H shares will rank pari passu with the domestic shares, and any of our assets remaining after payment (in order of priority) of (a) the costs of liquidation (b) wages and social insurance fees payable to or for our employees, (c) outstanding taxes and (d) bank loans, and company bonds and other debts, will be divided among our shareholders in accordance with the class of shares and their proportional shareholdings.

Increases in Share Capital

Under our Articles of Association, issuance of new securities, including ordinary shares, securities convertible into ordinary shares, options, warrants or similar rights to subscribe for any ordinary shares or convertible securities, must be approved by two-thirds of all shareholders and two-thirds of each of the class of domestic shares and the H shares, respectively. No such approval is required if, but only to the extent that, we issue domestic shares and H shares, either separately or concurrently, in numbers not exceeding 20.0% of the number of domestic shares and H shares then outstanding, respectively, in any 12-month period, as already approved by two-thirds of all shareholders. New issues of shares must also be approved by relevant PRC authorities.

Shareholders are not liable to make any further contribution to the share capital other than according to the terms that were agreed upon by the subscriber of the relevant shares at the time of subscription.

Shareholders do not have preemptive rights with respect to new issues of shares of the Company.

Decrease in Share Capital and Repurchase

We may reduce our registered share capital only upon obtaining the approval of at least two-thirds of our shareholders and, in certain circumstances, of relevant PRC authorities. The number of H shares that may be repurchased is subject to the Hong Kong Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Buy-backs.

Ownership Threshold

There are no provisions under our Articles of Association which relate to ownership thresholds above which shareholder ownership is required to be disclosed.

Restrictions on Large or Controlling Shareholders

Our Articles of Association define a controlling shareholder as any person who acting alone or in concert with others:

• is in a position to elect more than one-half of the Board;

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• has the power to exercise, or to control the exercise of, 30.0% or more of our voting rights;

• holds 30.0% or more of our issued and outstanding shares; or

• has de facto control of us in any other way.

As of the date of this annual report, China Telecom Group, a state-owned enterprise owned by the SASAC, is our only controlling shareholder.

Our Articles of Association provide that, in addition to any obligation imposed by laws and administrative regulations or required by the Listing Rules, a controlling shareholder shall not exercise its voting rights in a manner prejudicial to the interests of all or some shareholders:

• to relieve a director or supervisor from his or her duty to act honestly in our best interests;

• to approve the appropriation by a director or supervisor (for his or her own benefit or for the benefit of any other person) of our assets in any way, including, without limitation, opportunities which may benefit us; or

• to approve the appropriation by a director or supervisor (for his or her own benefit or for the benefit of any other person) of the individual rights of any other shareholders, including, without limitation, rights to distributions and voting rights (except in accordance with a restructuring of our company which has been submitted for approval by the shareholders at a general meeting in accordance with our Articles of Association).

If a controlling shareholder exercises its voting rights in violation of the provisions set forth above, a shareholder can sue such controlling shareholder and enforce its rights through arbitration in the PRC or Hong Kong.

Sources of Shareholders’ Rights

Currently, the primary sources of shareholders’ rights are our Articles of Association, the PRC Company Law and the Listing Rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that, among other things, impose certain standards of conduct, fairness and disclosure on us, our directors and our controlling shareholder. Our Articles of Association have incorporated the provisions set forth in the Mandatory Provisions for the Articles of Association of Companies Listed Overseas, or the Mandatory Provisions, adopted in 1994, pursuant to the requirement of the China Securities Regulatory Commission. Any amendment to those provisions will only become effective after approval by the relevant governmental department authorized by the State Council and the China Securities Regulatory Commission. The Listing Rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange require a number of additional provisions to the Mandatory Provisions to be included in our Articles of Association.

The listing agreement between us and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange provides that we may not amend certain provisions of our Articles of Association that have been mandated by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. These provisions relate to:

• varying the rights of existing classes of shares;

• voting rights;

• our power to purchase our own shares;

• rights of minority shareholders; and

• liquidation procedures.

In addition, for so long as our H shares are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, we will be subject to the relevant ordinances, rules and regulations applicable to companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, including, among other things, the Listing Rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Securities & Futures Ordinance and the Hong Kong Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Buy-backs.

Unless otherwise specified, all rights, obligations and protection discussed below are derived from our Articles of Association and the PRC Company Law.

Enforceability of Shareholders’ Rights

Enforceability of our shareholders’ rights may be limited. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the People’s Republic of China—The PRC legal system has inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protections available to you.”

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Restrictions on Transferability and the Share Register

Under our Articles of Association, in order for any PRC shareholder to sell its domestic shares to persons outside the PRC who will receive H shares upon the sale, such sales must be approved by two-thirds of our domestic shareholders and H shareholders at duly convened meetings of domestic shareholders and H shareholders held separately and at a duly convened joint meeting of domestic shareholders and H shareholders. Such sales are also subject to approval by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and other relevant governmental authorities.

We are required to keep a register of our shareholders which shall be comprised of various parts, including one part which is to be maintained in Hong Kong in relation to holders of H shares. Shareholders have the right to inspect and, for a reasonable charge, to copy the share register. No transfers of ordinary shares shall be recorded in our share register within 30 days prior to the date of a shareholders’ general meeting or within five days prior to the record date established for the purpose of distributing a dividend.

We have appointed Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited to act as the registrar of our H shares. This registrar maintains our register of holders of H shares at our offices in Hong Kong and enters transfers of H shares in such register upon the presentation of the documents described above.

C. Material Contracts

See “Item 4. Information on the Company—A. History and Development of the Company” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions” for certain arrangements we have entered into with China Telecom Group and/or other entities.

D. Exchange Controls

We conduct our business primarily in Renminbi, which is also our functional and reporting currency. The Renminbi is not a fully-convertible currency. Under the existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, we will be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the PRC government may take measures at its discretion in the future to restrict access to foreign currencies for both current account transactions and capital account transactions if foreign currencies become scarce in the PRC. We may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs, if the PRC government restricts access to foreign currencies for current account transactions.

Foreign exchange transactions under our capital account, including but not limited to foreign currency-denominated borrowings from foreign banks, issuance of foreign currency-denominated debt securities and principal payments in respect of foreign currency-denominated obligations, continue to be subject to significant foreign exchange controls and require the approval of or registration with SAFE or certain banks designated by SAFE, as applicable. These limitations could affect our ability to obtain foreign exchange through debt or equity financing, or to obtain foreign exchange to meet our payment obligations under the debt securities or foreign exchange for capital expenditures.

There are no limitations on the right of non-resident or foreign owners to remit dividends or to hold or vote the ordinary shares or the ADSs imposed by Hong Kong law or by our Articles of Association or other constituent documents.

E. Taxation

The taxation of income and capital gains of holders of H shares or ADSs is subject to the PRC laws and practices and of jurisdictions in which holders of H shares or ADSs are resident or otherwise subject to tax. The following summary of certain relevant taxation provisions is based on current law and practice, is subject to change and does not constitute legal or tax advice.

The discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in the H shares or ADSs. In particular, the discussion does not address the tax consequences under state, local and other laws, such as non-U.S. federal laws. Accordingly, you should consult your own tax adviser regarding the tax consequences of an investment in the H shares and ADSs.

The discussion is based upon laws and relevant interpretations in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change.

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People’s Republic of China

The following is a summary of certain PRC tax provisions relating to the ownership and disposition of H shares or ADSs held by the investors as capital assets. This summary does not purport to address all material tax consequences of the ownership of H shares, and does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investors. This summary is based on the PRC tax laws as in effect on the date of this annual report, as well as on the Agreement between the United States of America and the PRC for the Avoidance of Double Taxation, or the PRC-US Treaty, all of which are subject to change (or changes in interpretation), possibly with retroactive effect.

This discussion does not address any aspects of PRC taxation other than income taxation, capital taxation, stamp taxation and estate taxation. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding Chinese, Hong Kong and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of H shares.

Taxation of Dividends

Individual Investors. According to the PRC Individual Income Tax Law and its implementing regulations, dividends paid by PRC companies are ordinarily subject to a PRC withholding tax levied at a flat rate of 20.0%. For a foreign individual who is not a PRC resident, the receipt of dividends from a PRC company is normally subject to a withholding tax of 20.0% unless reduced by an applicable tax treaty. For example, Hong Kong and Macau individual residents are subject to a withholding tax of 10% on dividends paid to them. According to the Notice on Taxation Policies for Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect Pilot Program (Cai Shui [2014] No. 81) and Notice on Taxation Policies for Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect Pilot Program (Cai Shui [2016] No. 127), the Company shall withhold individual income tax at the rate of 20% with respect to dividends received by the mainland individual investors for investing in our H shares through the Southbound Trading Link. The tax levied on dividends derived from the investment by mainland securities investment funds in our H shares through the Southbound Trading Link shall be ascertained by reference to the rules applicable to the individual investors. We are not required to withhold income tax on dividends derived by the mainland enterprise investors through the Southbound Trading Link, and such enterprises shall report the income and make tax payment by themselves.

Enterprises. According to the EIT Law and its implementing regulations, dividends paid by a PRC company to a foreign enterprise which is a “non-resident enterprise,” which is established under the law of a non-PRC jurisdiction and has no establishment or residence in the PRC or whose dividends from the PRC do not relate to its establishment or residence in the PRC, are subject to a 10.0% tax, unless reduced by an applicable tax treaty. A resident enterprise, including an enterprise which is established under the law of a non-PRC jurisdiction but whose “de facto management body” is located in the PRC, is not subject to any PRC withholding tax with respect to dividends paid to it by a PRC company.

Tax Treaties. Investors who do not reside in the PRC and reside in countries that have entered into double-taxation treaties with the PRC may be entitled to a reduction of the withholding tax imposed on the payment of dividends to investors of our Company who do not reside in the PRC. The PRC currently has double-taxation treaties with a number of other countries, which include:

• Australia;

• Canada;

• France;

• Germany;

• Japan;

• Malaysia;

• the Netherlands;

• Singapore;

• the United Kingdom; and

• the United States.

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Under the PRC-US Treaty, the PRC may tax a dividend paid by us to an Eligible U.S. Holder up to a maximum of 10.0% of the gross amount of such dividend. It is arguable that under the PRC-US Treaty, the PRC may only tax gains from the sale or disposition by an Eligible U.S. Holder of H shares or ADSs representing an interest in the Company of 25.0% or more, but this position is uncertain and the PRC authorities may take a different position. For the purposes of this discussion, an “Eligible U.S. Holder” is a U.S. holder that (i) is a resident of the United States for the purposes of the PRC-US Treaty, (ii) does not maintain a permanent establishment or fixed base in the PRC to which H shares or ADSs are attributable and through which the beneficial owner carries on or has carried on business (or, in the case of an individual, performs or has performed independent personal services) and (iii) is not otherwise ineligible for benefits under the PRC-US Treaty with respect to income and gains derived in connection with the H shares or ADSs.

Taxation of Capital Gains

With respect to individual holders of H shares or ADSs, the PRC Individual Income Tax Law and its implementation regulations stipulate that gains realized on the sale of equity shares would be subject to income tax at a rate of 20.0%, and empower the MOF to draft detailed tax rules on the mechanism for collecting such tax subject to approval of the State Council. However, as of the date of this annual report, no such tax rules have been enacted and no income tax on gains realized on the sale of equity shares has been collected. Gains on the sale of shares issued by listed companies by individuals were temporarily exempted from individual income tax pursuant to notices issued by the State Administration of Taxation dated March 30, 1998. In the event this temporary exemption is withdrawn or ceases to be effective, individual holders of H shares or ADSs may be subject to capital gains tax at the rate of 20.0% unless such tax is reduced or eliminated by an applicable double-taxation treaty. If tax on capital gains from the sale of H shares or ADSs become applicable, it is arguable that under the PRC-US Treaty, the PRC may only tax gains from the sale or disposition by an Eligible U.S. Holder of H shares or ADSs representing an interest in our Company of 25.0% or more, but this position is uncertain and the PRC authorities may take a different position.

Under the EIT Law and its implementing regulations, capital gains realized by a foreign enterprise which is a “non-resident enterprise” upon the sale of the overseas-listed shares of a PRC company are subject to a 10.0% tax, unless reduced by an applicable double-taxation treaty. Capital gains realized by a resident enterprise, including an enterprise which is established under the law of a non-PRC jurisdiction but whose “de facto management body” is located in the PRC, are subject to the PRC enterprise income tax.

Additional PRC Tax Considerations

PRC Stamp Duty. PRC stamp duty imposed on the transfer of shares of PRC publicly traded companies under the PRC Provisional Regulations Concerning Stamp Duty, or the Provisional Regulations, which became effective on October 1, 1988 and were amended on January 8, 2011, should not apply to the acquisition and disposal by non-PRC investors of H shares or ADSs outside of the PRC by virtue of the Provisional Regulations, which provide that PRC stamp duty is imposed only on documents executed or received within the PRC that are legally binding in the PRC and are protected under the PRC law.

Estate Tax. No liability for estate tax under PRC law will arise from non-PRC nationals holding H shares or ADSs.

Hong Kong

Tax on Dividends

Under the current practice of the Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department, no tax is payable in Hong Kong in respect of dividends paid by us.

Profits

No tax is imposed in Hong Kong in respect of capital gains from the sale of H shares. Trading gains from the sale of shares by persons carrying on a trade, profession or business in Hong Kong where such gains are derived from or arise in Hong Kong from such trade, profession or business will be chargeable to Hong Kong profits tax, which is currently (for the year of assessment 2008-2009 onwards) imposed at the rate of 16.5% on corporations and 15.0% on unincorporated businesses, unless such gains are chargeable under the respective half-rates of 8.25% and 7.5% that may apply for the first HK$2 million of assessable profits for years of assessment beginning on or after April 1, 2018. Gains from sales of H shares effected on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange will be considered by the Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department to be derived from or arise in Hong Kong. Liability for Hong Kong profits tax would thus arise in respect of trading gains from sales of H shares realized by persons carrying on a business of trading or dealing in securities in Hong Kong. There is no tax treaty in effect between the United States and Hong Kong, and the PRC-US Treaty does not apply to Hong Kong.

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There will be no liability for Hong Kong profits tax in respect of profits from the sale of ADSs, where purchases and sales of ADSs are effected outside Hong Kong, e.g., on the NYSE.

Stamp Duty

Hong Kong stamp duty will be payable by the purchaser on every purchase and by the seller on every sale of H shares registered on the Hong Kong branch register. The duty is charged at the ad valorem rate of 0.1% of the consideration for, or (if greater) the value of, the H shares transferred on each of the seller and the purchaser. In other words, a total 0.2% is currently payable on a typical sale and purchase transaction of H shares. In addition, a fixed duty of HK$5 is currently payable on any instrument of transfer of shares.

The withdrawal of H shares upon the surrender of American Depositary Receipts, or ADRs, and the issuance of ADRs upon the deposit of H shares, will also attract stamp duty at the rate described above for sale and purchase transactions unless such withdrawal or deposit does not result in a change in the beneficial ownership of the H shares under Hong Kong law, in which case only a fixed duty of HK$5 is payable on the transfer. The issuance of the ADRs upon the deposit of H shares issued directly to the Depositary, as depositary of the ADSs, or for the account of the Depositary, will not be subject to any stamp duty. No Hong Kong stamp duty is payable upon the transfer of ADSs outside Hong Kong.

Estate Duty

No Hong Kong estate duty is currently payable.

United States

Material United States Federal Income Taxation

This section describes the material United States federal income tax consequences to a U.S. holder of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of H shares or ADSs. It applies to you only if you hold your H shares or ADSs as capital assets for United States federal income tax purposes. This section does not apply to you if you are a member of a special class of holders subject to special rules, including:

• a dealer in securities or currencies;

• a trader in securities that elects to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for your securities holdings;

• a tax-exempt organization;

• an insurance company;

• a person liable for alternative minimum tax;

• a person that actually or constructively owns 10.0% or more of the combined voting power of our voting stock or of the total value of our stock;

• a person that holds H shares or ADSs as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction;

• a person that purchases or sells H shares or ADSs as part of a wash sale for tax purposes; or

• a person whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.

This section is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect, as well as the PRC-US Treaty. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. In addition, this section is based in part upon the representations of the Depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms.

You are a U.S. holder if you are a beneficial owner of H shares or ADSs and you are:

• a citizen or resident of the United States;

• a domestic corporation;

• an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source; or

• a trust if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust.

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If a partnership holds the H shares or ADSs, the United States federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the tax treatment of the partnership. If you hold the H shares or ADSs as a partner in a partnership you should consult your tax advisor with regard to the United States federal income tax treatment of an investment in the H shares or ADSs.

You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the United States federal, state and local tax consequences of owning and disposing of H shares and ADSs in your particular circumstances.

In general, and taking into account the earlier assumptions, for United States federal income tax purposes, if you hold ADRs evidencing ADSs, you will be treated as the owner of H shares represented by those ADSs. Exchanges of H shares for ADRs, and ADRs for H shares, generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax.

Taxation of Dividends

Under the United States federal income tax laws, and subject to the passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, if you are a U.S. holder, the gross amount of any dividend we pay out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes) is subject to United States federal income taxation. If you are a noncorporate U.S. holder, dividends that constitute qualified dividend income will be taxable to you at the preferential rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided that you hold H shares or ADSs for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date and meet other holding period requirements. Dividends we pay with respect to H shares or ADSs generally will be qualified dividend income.

You must include any PRC tax withheld from the dividend payment in this gross amount even though you do not in fact receive it. The dividend is taxable to you when you, in the case of H shares, or the depositary, in the case of ADSs, receive the dividend, actually or constructively. The dividend will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to United States corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations. Subject to certain limitations, the PRC tax withheld and paid over to the PRC will be creditable or deductible against your United States federal income tax liability. To the extent a refund of the tax withheld is available under PRC law, the amount of tax withheld that is refundable will not be creditable against your United States federal income tax liability. Special rules apply in determining the foreign tax credit limitation with respect to dividends that are subject to the preferential tax rates.

The amount of the dividend distribution that you must include in your income as a U.S. holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the Hong Kong dollar payments made, determined at the Hong Kong dollar/U.S. dollar spot rate on the date the dividend distribution is includible in your income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date you include the dividend payment in income to the date you convert the payment into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss and will not be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income. The gain or loss generally will be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for United States federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of your basis in the H shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not expect to calculate earnings and profits in accordance with United States federal income tax principles. Accordingly, you should expect to generally treat distributions we make as dividends.

For foreign tax credit purposes, dividends will generally be income from sources outside the United States and will generally be “passive” income for purposes of computing the foreign tax credit allowable to you.

Taxation of Capital Gains

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, if you are a U.S. holder and you sell or otherwise dispose of your H shares or ADSs, you will recognize capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount that you realize and your tax basis, determined in U.S. dollars, in your H shares or ADSs. Capital gain of a noncorporate U.S. holder is generally taxed at preferential rates where the property is held for more than one year. The gain or loss will generally be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Your ability to deduct capital losses is subject to limitations.

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However, under the U.S.-PRC Treaty, if PRC tax were to be imposed on any gain from the disposition of your H shares or ADSs (as discussed above in “People’s Republic of China — Taxation of Capital Gains”) in accordance with the U.S.-PRC Treaty, then such gain will generally be treated as PRC source income. If you are an Eligible U.S. Holder (as defined above), subject to certain limitations, any such PRC tax will be creditable against your United States federal income tax liability. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences if a PRC tax were to be imposed on a disposition of H shares or ADSs, including the availability of the foreign tax credit under your particular circumstances.

Hong Kong Stamp Duty

Any Hong Kong stamp duty that you pay will not be a creditable tax for United States federal income tax purposes, but you may be able to deduct such stamp duty subject to limitations under the Code.

PFIC Rules

We believe that H shares and ADSs should not be treated as stock of a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes, but this conclusion is a factual determination that is made annually and thus may be subject to change. If we were to be treated as a PFIC, gain realized on the sale or other disposition of your H shares or ADSs would in general not be treated as capital gain. Instead, unless you elect to be taxed annually on a mark-to-market basis with respect to your H shares or ADSs, you would be treated as if you had realized such gain and certain “excess distributions” ratably over your holding period for the H shares or ADSs and would generally be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for each such year to which the gain was allocated, together with an interest charge in respect of the tax attributable to each such year. With certain exceptions, your H shares or ADSs will be treated as stock in a PFIC if we were a PFIC at any time during your holding period in your H shares or ADSs. Dividends that you receive from us will not be eligible for the special tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income if we are a PFIC (or are treated as a PFIC with respect to you) either in the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year, but instead will be taxable at rates applicable to ordinary income.

F. Dividends and Paying Agents.

Not applicable.

G. Statement by Experts.

Not applicable.

H. Documents on Display

You may read and copy documents referred to in this annual report on Form 20-F that have been filed with the SEC, at its public reference room located at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms and their copy charges. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC.

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with the SEC. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this annual report on Form 20-F.

I. Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Our primary market risk exposures are fluctuations in exchange rates and interest rates.

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Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

We conduct our business primarily in Renminbi, which is also our functional and reporting currency. The Renminbi is not a fully-convertible currency. The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies fluctuates and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRC’s and international political and economic conditions. Since 1994, the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including Hong Kong and U.S. dollars, has been based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China, which are set daily based on the previous business day’s inter-bank foreign exchange market rates and current exchange rates on the world financial markets. From 1994 to July 20, 2005, the official exchange rate for the conversion of Renminbi to U.S. dollars was generally stable. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a managed floating exchange rate system to allow the value of the Renminbi to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of currencies. In April 2012, the PRC government expanded the floating band of Renminbi trading prices against the U.S. dollar in the inter-bank spot foreign currency exchange market from 0.5% to 1.0%, which was further expanded to 2.0% in March 2014. Fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect the value, translated or converted into United States dollars or Hong Kong dollars, of our net assets, earnings and any declared dividends. We cannot give any assurance that any future movements in the exchange rate of the Renminbi against the United States dollar or other foreign currencies will not adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the People’s Republic of China—Government control of currency conversion may adversely affect our financial condition” and “—Fluctuation of the Renminbi could materially affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.”

The following tables provide information regarding our financial instruments that are sensitive to foreign exchange rates as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For debt obligations, the tables present principal cash flows and related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates.

As of December 31, 2017:

	Expected Maturity
	2018			2019			2020			2021			2022			Thereafter			Total		Fair Value
	(RMB equivalent in millions, except interest rates)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
United States dollars		3,009			—			—			—			—			—			3,009		3,009
Japanese yen		24			—			—			—			—			—			24		24
Euro		54			—			—			—			—			—			54		54
Hong Kong dollars		197			—			—			—			—			—			197		197
Other currencies		295			—			—			—			—			—			295		295
Short-term bank deposits
United States dollars		638			—			—			—			—			—			638		638
Japanese yen		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Liabilities:
Debts in Japanese yen
Fixed rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in United States dollars
Fixed rate		51			50			45			35			22			167			370		300
Average interest rate		1.7	%		1.7	%		1.7	%		1.7	%		1.7	%		1.7	%
Variable rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate(1)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in Euro
Fixed rate		25			25			25			25			25			98			223		200
Average interest rate		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%
Variable rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate(1)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in other currencies
Fixed rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—

⁽¹⁾  The average interest rates for variable rate debts are calculated based on the rates reported as of December 31, 2017.

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As of December 31, 2016:

	Expected Maturity
	2017			2018			2019			2020			2021			Thereafter			Total		Fair Value
	(RMB equivalent in millions, except interest rates)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
United States dollars		4,079			—			—			—			—			—			4,079		4,079
Japanese yen		12			—			—			—			—			—			12		12
Euro		51			—			—			—			—			—			51		51
Hong Kong dollars		184			—			—			—			—			—			184		184
Other currencies		145			—			—			—			—			—			145		145
Short-term bank deposits
United States dollars		311			—			—			—			—			—			311		311
Japanese yen		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Liabilities:
Debts in Japanese yen
Fixed rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in United States dollars
Fixed rate		52			52			52			50			36			204			446		388
Average interest rate		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%
Variable rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate(1)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in Euro
Fixed rate		30			24			24			24			23			114			239		212
Average interest rate		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%
Variable rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate(1)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in other currencies
Fixed rate		5			—			—			—			—			—			5		5
Average interest rate		3	%		—			—			—			—			—

⁽¹⁾  The average interest rates for variable rate debts are calculated based on the rates reported as of December 31, 2016.

Interest Rate Risk

The People’s Bank of China has the sole authority in the PRC to establish the official interest rates for Renminbi-denominated loans. Financial institutions in the PRC set their effective interest rates within the range established by the People’s Bank of China. Interest rates and payment methods on loans denominated in foreign currencies are set by financial institutions based on interest rate changes in the international financial market, cost of funds, risk levels and other factors.

We are exposed to interest rate risk resulting from fluctuations in interest rates on our short-term and long-term debts. Increases in interest rates will increase the cost of new borrowing and the interest expense with respect to outstanding floating rate debt. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, our debt consisted of fixed and variable rate debt obligations with maturities from 2017 to 2060 and from 2018 to 2048, respectively.

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The following tables present cash flows and related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates of our interest rate sensitive financial instruments as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

As of December 31, 2017:

	Expected Maturity
	2018			2019			2020			2021			2022			Thereafter			Total		Fair Value
	(RMB equivalent in millions, except interest rates)
Liabilities:
Debts in Renminbi
Fixed rate		55,112			1,013			20,974			923			20,897			4,272			103,191		101,798
Average interest rate		3.7	%		3.3	%		3.3	%		3.3	%		3.3	%		1.2	%
Variable rate		516			—			—			—			—			—			516		516
Average interest rate(1)		4.1	%		—			—			—			—			—
Debts in Japanese yen
Fixed rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in United States dollars
Fixed rate		51			50			45			35			22			167			370		300
Average interest rate		1.7	%		1.7	%		1.7	%		1.7	%		1.7	%		1.7	%
Variable rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate(1)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in Euro
Fixed rate		25			25			25			25			25			98			223		200
Average interest rate		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%
Variable rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate(1)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in other currencies
Fixed rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—

⁽¹⁾  The average interest rates for variable rate debts are calculated based on the rates reported as of December 31, 2017.

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As of December 31, 2016:

	Expected Maturity
	2017			2018			2019			2020			2021			Thereafter			Total		Fair Value
	(RMB equivalent in millions, except interest rates)
Liabilities:
Debts in Renminbi
Fixed rate		40,333			1,005			970			930			886			4,976			49,100		49,099
Average interest rate		3.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%
Variable rate		62,636			—			—			—			—			—			62,636		62,817
Average interest rate(1)		4.1	%		—			—			—			—			—
Debts in Japanese yen
Fixed rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in United States dollars
Fixed rate		52			52			52			50			36			204			446		388
Average interest rate		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.2	%
Variable rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate(1)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in Euro
Fixed rate		30			24			24			24			23			114			239		212
Average interest rate		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%		2.3	%
Variable rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Average interest rate(1)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Debts in other currencies
Fixed rate		5			—			—			—			—			—			5		5
Average interest rate		3	%		—			—			—			—			—

⁽¹⁾  The average interest rates for variable rate debts are calculated based on the rates reported as of December 31, 2016.

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Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities.

The Bank of New York Mellon, as the depositary of our ADSs, collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.

	ADR holders must pay:		For:
•	US$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADRs (or portion thereof)	•	Each issuance of an ADR, including as a result of a distribution of shares or rights or other property
		•	Each cancellation of an ADR, including if the deposit agreement terminates
		•	Each distribution of securities, other than shares or ADRs, treating the securities as if they were shares for purpose of calculating fees
•	US$0.02 (or less) per ADR	•	Any cash distribution (not including cash dividend distribution)
•	Registration or transfer fees (if applicable)	•	Transfer and registration of shares on the share register of our transfer agent and the registrar in Hong Kong from an ADR holder’s name to the name of the depositary or its agent when the ADR holder deposit or withdraw shares
•	Expenses of the depositary	•	Conversion of foreign currency to U.S. dollars
		•	Cable, telex and facsimile transmission expenses
•	Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian has to pay on any ADR or share underlying an ADR, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes	•	As necessary
•	Any other charge incurred by the depository or its agents (including the custodian) for servicing of the deposited securities	•	As necessary

The Bank of New York Mellon has agreed to reimburse us annually for our expenses incurred in connection with administration and maintenance of the depositary receipt facility. The amount of such reimbursements is subject to certain conditions and limits. From April 25, 2017 to April 23, 2018, with respect to certain expenses incurred by us in connection with our depositary facility, including listing and legal fees and expenses related to our attendance at the annual ADR training seminar, we received from the Bank of New York Mellon a total of US$59,500 reimbursement, net of withholding tax. The Bank of New York Mellon also waived certain costs of US$130,762.76 in connection with the administration of the ADR program and other services provided to our registered shareholders for the year 2017.

PART II

Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies.

None.

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Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds.

Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders

None.

Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Item 15. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and the person performing the functions of the principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and the person performing the functions of the principal financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the fiscal year covered by this annual report, our disclosure controls and procedures were designed, and were effective, to give reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and were also effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and the person performing the functions of the principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and/or our Board; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

As of December 31, 2017, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and the person performing the functions of the principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 has been audited by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of China Telecom Corporation Limited

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of China Telecom Corporation Limited and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017, of the Company, and our report dated March 28, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu

Hong Kong, the People’s Republic of China

March 28, 2018

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, there was no change to our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert.

Our Audit Committee currently consists of three members, Mr. Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius, Professor Xu Erming and Madam Wang Hsuehming. They are all independent non-executive directors. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—C. Board Practices—Audit Committee,” Our Board has determined that Mr. Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius, our independent non-executive director, is qualified as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F.

Item 16B. Code of Ethics.

We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, vice presidents, general managers, controller and other senior officers of our Company. We have filed this code of ethics as an exhibit to our annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 and we hereby incorporate that exhibit into this annual report. The text of this code of ethics is also posted on our Internet website at http://www.chinatelecom-h.com/en/cg/pdf/gaoguan.pdf.

Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The following table sets forth the aggregate audit fees, audit-related fees, tax fees of our principal accountants and all other fees billed for products and services provided by our principal accountants other than the audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees for each of the fiscal years 2016 and 2017:

	Audit Fees (including VAT)		Audit-Related Fees			Tax Fees			Other Fees
2016		RMB71.00 million		RMB0.83 million			RMB0.80 million			—
2017		RMB78.80 million		RMB1.79 million	(1)		RMB0.45 million	(2)		RMB0.12 million	(3)

(1) Audit-related fees in the amount of RMB1.79 million were paid for the advisory services provided to us regarding our internal control and the assurance service provided to us regarding our environmental, social and governance report.

(2) Tax fees in the amount of RMB0.45 million were paid for profit tax filing assistance service.

(3) Other fees in the amount of RMB0.12 million were paid for other advisory services.

Before our principal accountants were engaged by our Company or our subsidiaries to render audit or non-audit services, the engagements were approved by our Audit Committee.

Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees.

Not applicable.

Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.

None.

Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant.

Not applicable.

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Item 16G. Corporate Governance.

Our Company was incorporated under the PRC laws on September 10, 2002 as a joint stock company with limited liability. Our ADSs are listed on the NYSE. Our H shares are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. As a foreign private issuer, in respect of its listing on the NYSE, we are not required to comply with all corporate governance rules of Section 303A of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE. However, we are required to disclose the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the listing standards followed by NYSE-listed U.S. companies.

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 303A.01 of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE, the Board of Directors of all NYSE-listed U.S. companies must be made up by a majority of independent directors. Under applicable PRC and Hong Kong laws and regulations, our Board is not required to be formed with a majority of independent directors. As a listed company on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, we need to comply with the Listing Rules, which require that at least one-third of the board of directors of a listed company in Hong Kong be independent non-executive directors. Our Board currently consists of ten directors, of which four are independent directors, making the number of independent directors exceeds one-third of the total number of directors on the Board, in compliance with the requirements of the Listing Rules. These independent directors satisfy the requirements on “independence” under the Listing Rules, which, however, differ from the requirements in Section 303A.02 of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE.

Section 303A.03 of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE provides that listed companies must schedule regular executive sessions in which non-management directors meet without management participation. As a listed company on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Company is subject to the requirement under the Listing Rules that the chairman of the board should hold meetings at least annually with the non-executive directors (including independent non-executive directors) without the presence of the executive directors. It has been our practice that our chairman holds a meeting to communicate with non-executive directors without the presence of executive directors at least annually to ensure the views and opinions of non-executive directors are expressed. In addition, when a board meeting considers a matter in which a substantial shareholder or a director has a conflict of interest, the independent directors with no material interest in such matter must be present.

Section 303A.04 of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE provides that a listed company must have a nominating/corporate governance committee that consists entirely of independent directors and the nominating/corporate governance committee of a listed company must have a written charter that addresses the committee’s purpose and responsibilities, which shall include, among others, the development and recommendation of corporate governance guidelines to the board of directors. The Listing Rules require that listed companies should establish a nomination committee which is chaired by the chairman of the board or an independent non-executive director and consists of a majority of independent non-executive directors. The Company’s Nomination Committee was established in 2005 with a written charter that specifies its duties and authorities. In addition, our board of directors is in charge of developing our corporate governance guidelines.

Section 303A.05 of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE provides that a listed company must have a compensation committee that consists entirely of independent directors. The Listing Rules also contain a code provision that the listed companies should establish a remuneration committee which consists of a majority of independent non-executive directors. The Company’s Remuneration Committee has a written charter that specifies its duties and authorities.

Section 303A.07 of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE also provides that if an audit committee member simultaneously serves on the audit committee of more than three public companies, and the listed company does not limit the number of audit committees on which its audit committee members serve to three or less, then, the board of directors of the listed company must determine that such simultaneous service would not impair the ability of such member to effectively serve on the audit committee of the listed company and disclose such determination. The Company is not required, under applicable PRC laws or the Listing Rules, to make such determination, and the Company has not made such determination.

Section 303A.10 of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE provides that listed companies must adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees. While the Company is not required to adopt any similar code under the applicable PRC laws or the Listing Rules, the Company, as required under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, has adopted a code of ethics that is applicable to the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, vice presidents, general managers, controller and other senior officers of the Company. We also adopted a code of ethics for our employees.

Section 303A.12(a) of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE provides that each listed company’s chief executive officer must certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware of any violation by the company of NYSE corporate governance listing standards. The chief executive officer of the Company is not required, under the applicable PRC laws or the Listing Rules, to make similar certifications.

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Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure.

Not applicable.

Item 17. Financial Statements.

We have elected to provide the financial statements and related information specified in Item 18 in lieu of Item 17.

Item 18. Financial Statements.

See Index to Financial Statements for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report.

Item 19. Exhibits.

(a) See Item 18 for a list of the financial statements filed as part of this annual report.

(b) Exhibits to this annual report:

Exhibits	Description
1.1	Articles of Association (as amended) (English translation)
2.1	Form of H Share Certificate.(1)(P)
2.2	Form of Deposit Agreement among the Registrant, The Bank of New York, as depositary, and Owners and Beneficial Owners from time to time of American Depositary Shares evidenced by American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder, including the form of American Depositary Receipt.(2)(P)
2.3	We agree to provide the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of our long-term debt.
4.1	Supplemental Trademark License Agreement, dated October  26, 2003, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English translation).(3)
4.2	Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated October  26, 2003, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English translation).(3)
4.3	Supplemental Connected Transactions Agreement, dated October  26, 2003, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English translation).(3)
4.4	Form of Underwriting Agreement.(4)
4.5	Supplemental Trademark License Agreement, dated April  13, 2004, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English translation).(5)
4.6	Supplemental Connected Transactions Agreement, dated April  13, 2004, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English translation).(6)
4.7	Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated April  13, 2004, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English translation).(7)
4.8	Supplemental Conditional Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated June  9, 2005, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary).(8)
4.9	Supplemental Centralized Services Agreement, dated December  15, 2005, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary).(9)
4.10	Property Leasing Framework Agreement, dated August  30, 2006, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary).(10)
4.11	IT Services Framework Agreement, dated August 30, 2006, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary).(10)

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Exhibits	Description
4.12	Equipment Procurement Services Framework Agreement, dated August  30, 2006, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary).(10)
4.13	Engineering Framework Agreement, dated August 30, 2006, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary). (10)
4.14	Community Services Framework Agreement, dated August  30, 2006, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary). (10)
4.15	Ancillary Telecommunications Service Framework Agreement, dated August  30, 2006, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary). (10)
4.16	Strategic Agreement, dated August 30, 2006, between the Registrant and China Communications Services Corporation Limited (English summary). (10)
4.17	Supplemental Agreement to the Strategic Agreement, dated June  15, 2007, between the Registrant and the China Communications Services Corporation Limited (English Summary). (10)
4.18	Supplemental Agreement to the Strategic Agreement, dated October  29, 2009, between the Registrant and the China Communications Services Corporation Limited (English Summary). (13)
4.19	Master Agreement for sales and purchase of equity interests in China Telecom (Hong Kong) International Limited, China Telecom System Group Integration Co., Ltd. and China Telecom (USA) Corporation, dated June 15, 2007, between China Telecommunications Corporation and China Telecom Corporation Limited. (10)
4.20	Stock Purchase Agreement in respect of sales and purchase of shares in China Telecom (USA) Corporation, dated June  15, 2007, between China Telecommunications Corporation and China Telecom Corporation Limited. (10)
4.21	Share Purchase Agreement in respect of sales and purchase of shares in China Telecom (Hong Kong) International Limited, dated June  15, 2007, between China Telecommunications Corporation and China Telecom Corporation Limited. (10)
4.22	Share Transfer Agreement in respect of transfer of shareholdings in China Telecom System Integration Co., Limited, dated June  15, 2007, among China Telecommunications Corporation, China Huaxin Post and Telecommunications Economy Development Center and China Telecom Corporation Limited. (10)
4.23	Agreement on the Transfer of the Entire Equity Interests in China Telecom Group Beijing Corporation, dated March  31, 2008, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English Translation). (11)
4.24	Form Merger Agreement, dated January  10, 2008, between the Registrant and each of certain subsidiaries wholly owned by the Registrant (English Translation). (11)
4.25	Supplemental Agreement to the Centralized Services Agreement, dated December  26, 2007, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English Summary). (11)
4.26	Supplemental Agreement to the Centralized Services Agreement, dated March  31, 2008, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English Summary). (11)
4.27	Framework Agreement for Transfer of CDMA Business, dated June  2, 2008, among the Registrant, China Unicom Limited and China Unicom Corporation Limited (English Summary). (11)
4.28	Supplemental Agreement to the Interconnection Settlement Agreement, dated July  27, 2008, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary). (12)
4.29	Supplemental Agreement to the IT Services Framework Agreement, dated December  15, 2008, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary). (12)
4.30	Supplemental Agreement to the Supplies Procurement Services Framework Agreement, dated December  15, 2008, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary). (12)

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Exhibits	Description
4.31	Supplemental Agreement to the Engineering Framework Agreement, dated July  27, 2008, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary). (12)
4.32	Supplemental Agreement to the Community Services Framework Agreement, dated December  15, 2008, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary). (12)
4.33	Supplemental Agreement to the Ancillary Telecommunications Services Framework Agreement, dated July  27, 2008, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary). (12)
4.34	CDMA Network Capacity Lease Agreement, dated July  27, 2008, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English translation). (12)
4.35	Agreement for Transfer of CDMA Business, dated July  27, 2008, between the Registrant, China Unicom Limited and China Unicom Corporation Limited (English summary). (12)
4.36	Merger Agreement, dated November  14, 2008, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation Beijing Corporation (English translation). (12)
4.37	Supplemental Agreement to the Optic Fiber Leasing Agreement, dated July  10, 2008, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary). (12)
4.38	Underwriting Agreement regarding Medium Term Notes of China Telecom Corporation Limited in 2008, dated April  15, 2008, among the Registrant, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited and CITIC Securities Company Limited (English summary), and its Supplemental Agreement, dated December 15, 2008 (English summary). (12)
4.39	Underwriting Agreement regarding the First Tranche of Short-Term Commercial Paper of China Telecom Corporation Limited in 2008, dated July  7, 2008, among the Registrant, Bank of Communications Co., Ltd. and China Development Bank (English summary). (12)
4.40	Underwriting Agreement regarding the First Tranche of Medium Term Notes of China Telecom Corporation Limited in 2009, dated September  8, 2009 (as supplemented on September 9, 2009), among the Registrant, Bank of Communications Co., Ltd. and Agricultural Bank of China Limited (English summary). (13)
4.41	Underwriting Agreement regarding the Second Tranche of Medium Term Notes of China Telecom Corporation Limited in 2009, dated October  19, 2009 (as supplemented respectively on October 20, 2009 and December  4, 2009), among the Registrant, Agriculture Bank of China Limited and China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. (English summary). (13)
4.42	Underwriting Agreement regarding the Third Tranche of Medium Term Notes of China Telecom Corporation Limited in 2009, dated October  19, 2009 (as supplemented respectively on October 20, 2009 and December 4, 2009), among the Registrant, China Construction Bank Corporation and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd. (English summary). (13)
4.43	Supplemental Agreement to the Centralized Services Agreement, dated August  25, 2010, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (14)
4.44	Supplemental Agreement to the Interconnection Settlement Agreement, dated August  25, 2010, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (14)
4.45	Supplemental Agreement to the Property Leasing Framework Agreement, dated August  25, 2010, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (14)
4.46	Supplemental Agreement to the IT services Framework Agreement, dated August  25, 2010, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (14)
4.47	Supplemental Agreement to the Community Services Framework Agreement, dated August  25, 2010, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (14)
4.48	Supplemental Agreement to the Supplies Procurement Services Framework Agreement, dated August  25, 2010, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (14)

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Exhibits	Description
4.49	Supplemental Agreement to the Engineering Framework Agreement, dated August  25, 2010, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (14)
4.50	Supplemental Agreement to the Ancillary Telecommunications Services Framework Agreement, dated August  25, 2010, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (14)
4.51	Supplemental Agreement to the CDMA Network Capacity Lease Agreement, dated August  25, 2010, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (14)
4.52	Supplemental Agreement to the Trademark License Agreement, dated August  25, 2010, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (14)
4.53	Supplemental Agreement to the Optic Fiber Leasing Agreement, dated August  25, 2010, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (14)
4.54	Agreement on the Acquisition of CDMA Network Assets and Associated Liabilities, dated August  20, 2012, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (15)
4.55	Agreement on the Disposal of Equity Interest in E-surfing Media Co., Ltd., dated April  26, 2013, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English Summary) (15)
4.56	Agreement on the Acquisition of China Telecom (Europe) Limited, dated December  16, 2013, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (16)
4.57	Internet Applications Channel Services Framework Agreement, dated December  16, 2013, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English Summary) (16)
4.58	Promoters’ Agreement for China Communications Facilities Services Corporation Limited (currently known as China Tower Corporation Limited) dated July 11, 2014, among the Registrant, China United Network Communications Corporation Limited and China Mobile Communication Company Limited (17)
4.59	Agreement on Purchase of Stock Tower-related Assets by Issuance of Shares and Payment of Cash, dated October  14, 2015, among the Registrant, the Tower Company, CUCL, CMCL, CRHC and other parties thereto (English translation) (18)
4.60	Share Subscription Agreement, dated January 29, 2016, between the Registrant and the Tower Company (English translation) (18)
4.61	Supplemental Agreement to the Centralized Services Agreement, dated September  23, 2015, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (18)
4.62	Supplemental Agreement to the Interconnection Settlement Agreement, dated September  23, 2015, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (18)
4.63	Supplemental Agreement to the Property Leasing Framework Agreement, dated September  23, 2015, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (18)
4.64	Supplemental Agreement to the IT Services Framework Agreement, dated September  23, 2015, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (18)
4.65	Supplemental Agreement to the Community Services Framework Agreement, dated September  23, 2015, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (18)
4.66	Supplemental Agreement to the Supplies Procurement Services Framework Agreement, dated September  23, 2015, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (18)
4.67	Supplemental Agreement to the Engineering Framework Agreement, dated September  23, 2015, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (18)
4.68	Supplemental Agreement to the Ancillary Telecommunications Services Framework Agreement, dated September  23, 2015, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (18)

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Exhibits	Description
4.69	Supplemental Agreement to the Internet Applications Channel Services Framework Agreement, dated September  23, 2015, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (18)
4.70	Supplemental Agreement to the Optic Fiber Leasing Agreement, dated September  23, 2015, between the Registrant and China Telecommunications Corporation (English summary) (18)
4.71	Lease Agreement, dated July 8, 2016, between the Registrant and the Tower Company (English translation) (19)
4.72	Supplemental Lease Agreement, dated February 1, 2018, between the Registrant and the Tower Company (English translation)
8.1	List of subsidiaries of the Registrant
11.1	Code of Ethics (English translation).(3)
12.1	Certification of CEO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)
12.2	Certification of CFO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)
13.1	Certification of CEO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b)
13.2	Certification of CFO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b)
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

(1) Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-100042), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 5, 2002.

(2) Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-100617), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to American Depositary Shares representing our H shares.

(3) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(4) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to our Form 6-K filed on April 29, 2004

(5) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to our Form 6-K filed on April 29, 2004.

(6) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to our Form 6-K filed on April 29, 2004.

(7) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.5 to our Form 6-K filed on April 29, 2004.

(8) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(9) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(10) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(11) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(12) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(13) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(14) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(15) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(16) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(17) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(18) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(19) Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 (File No. 001-31517), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(P) Paper filing.

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SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED
By:	/s/ Yang Jie
Name:	Yang Jie
Title:	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Date: April 27, 2018

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Pages
Report of independent registered public accounting firm		F-2
Consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2016 and 2017		F-3
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017		F-4
Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017		F-5
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017		F-6
Notes to the consolidated financial statements		F-8

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

China Telecom Corporation Limited:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of China Telecom Corporation Limited and subsidiaries (the “Group”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Group’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 28, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Group’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Group’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Group in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu

Hong Kong, the People’s Republic of China

March 28, 2018

We have served as the Group’s auditor since 2013.

F-2

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(Amounts in millions)

	Notes	December 31, 2016		December 31, 2017
		RMB		RMB
		(restated)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	4		24,617		19,410
Short-term bank deposits			3,331		3,100
Accounts receivable, net	5		21,465		22,096
Inventories	6		5,106		4,123
Prepayments and other current assets	7		19,565		22,128
Income tax recoverable			50		693
Total current assets			74,134		71,550
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net	8		389,671		406,257
Construction in progress	9		80,386		73,106
Lease prepayments			22,955		22,262
Goodwill	10		29,923		29,920
Intangible assets	11		11,244		12,391
Interests in associates	12		34,572		35,726
Investments	13		1,535		1,154
Deferred tax assets	14		5,061		5,479
Other assets	18		3,077		3,349
Total non-current assets			578,424		589,644
Total assets			652,558		661,194
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Short-term debt	15		40,780		54,558
Current portion of long-term debt and payable	15		62,276		1,146
Accounts payable	16		122,493		119,321
Accrued expenses and other payables	17		91,173		98,695
Income tax payable			1,106		404
Current portion of finance lease obligations			52		51
Current portion of deferred revenues	18		1,253		1,233
Total current liabilities			319,133		275,408
Non-current liabilities
Long-term debt	15		9,370		48,596
Finance lease obligations			50		26
Deferred revenues	18		2,305		1,828
Deferred tax liabilities	14		4,770		8,010
Other non-current liabilities			582		629
Total non-current liabilities			17,077		59,089
Total liabilities			336,210		334,497
Equity
Share capital	19		80,932		80,932
Reserves	20		234,445		244,935
Total equity attributable to equity holders of the Company			315,377		325,867
Non-controlling interests			971		830
Total equity			316,348		326,697
Total liabilities and equity			652,558		661,194

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-3

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015, 2016 AND 2017

(Amounts in millions, except per share data)

			Year ended December 31,
	Notes		2015			2016			2017
			RMB (restated)			RMB (restated)			RMB
Operating revenues		21		331,517			352,534			366,229
Operating expenses
Depreciation and amortization				(67,666	)		(67,942	)		(74,951	)
Network operations and support		22		(81,433	)		(94,156	)		(103,969	)
Selling, general and administrative				(54,480	)		(56,426	)		(58,434	)
Personnel expenses		23		(52,586	)		(54,504	)		(56,043	)
Other operating expenses		24		(48,905	)		(52,286	)		(45,612	)
Total operating expenses				(305,070	)		(325,314	)		(339,009	)
Operating income				26,447			27,220			27,220
Gain from Tower Assets Disposal				5,214			—			—
Net finance costs		25		(4,273	)		(3,235	)		(3,291	)
Investment income				8			40			147
Equity in (loss) / income of associates				(698	)		91			877
Earnings before income tax				26,698			24,116			24,953
Income tax		26		(6,552	)		(5,993	)		(6,192	)
Profit for the year				20,146			18,123			18,761
Other comprehensive income for the year
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Change in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities				652			(228	)		(400	)
Deferred tax on change in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities				(163	)		57			100
Exchange difference on translation of financial statements of subsidiaries outside mainland China				129			190			(259	)
Share of other comprehensive income of associates				3			6			7
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax				621			25			(552	)
Total comprehensive income for the year				20,767			18,148			18,209
Profit attributable to
Equity holders of the Company				20,058			18,018			18,617
Non-controlling interests				88			105			144
Profit for the year				20,146			18,123			18,761
Total comprehensive income attributable to
Equity holders of the Company				20,679			18,043			18,065
Non-controlling interests				88			105			144
Total comprehensive income for the year				20,767			18,148			18,209
Basic earnings per share		28		0.25			0.22			0.23
Number of shares (in millions)		28		80,932			80,932			80,932

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-4

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015, 2016 AND 2017

(Amounts in millions)

	Attributable to equity holders of the Company
	Notes		Share capital		Capital reserve			Share premium		Surplus reserves		Other reserves			Exchange reserve			Retained earnings			Total			Non-controlling interests			Total Equity
			RMB		RMB			RMB		RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Balance as of January 1, 2015 as previously reported				80,932		17,064			10,746		69,072		384			(941	)		111,926			289,183			925			290,108
Adjusted for the Eighth Acquisition		1		—		10			—		—		—			—			25			35			—			35
Balance as of January 1, 2015 , as restated				80,932		17,074			10,746		69,072		384			(941	)		111,951			289,218			925			290,143
Profit for the year, as restated				—		—			—		—		—			—			20,058			20,058			88			20,146
Other comprehensive income for the year				—		—			—		—		492			129			—			621			—			621
Total comprehensive income for the year ,as restated				—		—			—		—		492			129			20,058			20,679			88			20,767
Acquisition of non-controlling interests				—		(1	)		—		—		—			—			—			(1	)		(6	)		(7	)
Contribution from non-controlling interests				—		87			—		—		—			—			—			87			40			127
Distribution to non-controlling interests				—		—			—		—		—			—			—			—			(80	)		(80	)
Dividends		27		—		—			—		—		—			—			(6,160	)		(6,160	)		—			(6,160	)
Appropriations		20		—		—			—		1,901		—			—			(1,901	)		—			—			—
Balance as of December 31, 2015, as restated				80,932		17,160			10,746		70,973		876			(812	)		123,948			303,823			967			304,790
Profit for the year, as restated				—		—			—		—		—			—			18,018			18,018			105			18,123
Other comprehensive income for the year				—		—			—		—		(165	)		190			—			25			—			25
Total comprehensive income for the year, as restated				—		—			—		—		(165	)		190			18,018			18,043			105			18,148
Disposal of a subsidiary				—		—			—		—		—			—			—			—			(15	)		(15	)
Distribution to non-controlling interests				—		—			—		—		—			—			—			—			(86	)		(86	)
Dividends		27		—		—			—		—		—			—			(6,489	)		(6,489	)		—			(6,489	)
Appropriations		20		—		—			—		1,638		—			—			(1,638	)		—			—			—
Balance as of December 31, 2016, as restated				80,932		17,160			10,746		72,611		711			(622	)		133,839			315,377			971			316,348
Profit for the year				—		—			—		—		—			—			18,617			18,617			144			18,761
Other comprehensive income for the year				—		—			—		—		(293	)		(259	)		—			(552	)		—			(552	)
Total comprehensive income for the year				—		—			—		—		(293	)		(259	)		18,617			18,065			144			18,209
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group		1		—		(80	)		—		—		—			—			(7	)		(87	)		—			(87	)
Acquisition of non-controlling interests				—		46			—		—		—			—			—			46			(196	)		(150	)
Distribution to non-controlling interests				—		—			—		—		—			—			—			—			(89	)		(89	)
Dividends		27		—		—			—		—		—			—			(7,530	)		(7,530	)		—			(7,530	)
Appropriations		20		—		—			—		1,686		—			—			(1,686	)		—			—			—
Others													(4	)								(4	)					(4	)
Balance as of December 31, 2017				80,932		17,126			10,746		74,297		414			(881	)		143,233			325,867			830			326,697

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-5

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015, 2016 AND 2017

(Amounts in millions)

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015			2016			2017
				RMB			RMB			RMB
				(restated)			(restated)
Net cash from operating activities		(a	)		108,755			101,135			96,502
Cash flows used in investing activities
Capital expenditure					(101,903	)		(96,678	)		(87,334	)
Purchase of investments		(b	)		(10	)		(3,099	)		(443	)
Lease prepayments					(124	)		(99	)		(89	)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment					755			1,560			2,066
Proceeds from disposal of lease prepayments					58			10			72
Proceeds from disposal of Investments					2			—			—
Net cash (outflow) / inflow from disposal of a subsidiary					—			(50	)		184
Purchase of short-term bank deposits					(3,764	)		(3,237	)		(2,815	)
Maturity of short-term bank deposits					2,731			2,550			3,096
Net cash used in investing activities					(102,255	)		(99,043	)		(85,263	)
Cash flows from / (used in) financing activities
Principal element of finance lease payments					(14	)		(59	)		(84	)
Proceeds from bank debt and other loans					67,875			110,446			123,250
Repayment of bank debt and other loans					(56,862	)		(113,366	)		(69,953	)
Repayment of deferred consideration in respect of the Mobile Network Acquisition (as defined in Note 15)					—			—			(61,710	)
Payment of dividends					(6,160	)		(6,489	)		(7,530	)
Payment for the acquisition of non-controlling interests					(7	)		—			(31	)
Contribution from non-controlling interests					127			—			—
Cash distributions to non-controlling interests					(150	)		(87	)		(89	)
Net cash from / (used in) financing activities					4,809			(9,555	)		(16,147	)
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents					11,309			(7,463	)		(4,908	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year					20,436			31,869			24,617
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rate					124			211			(299	)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year					31,869			24,617			19,410

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015, 2016 AND 2017

(Amounts in millions)

(a) Reconciliation of earnings before income tax to net cash from operating activities

	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2016			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB
	(restated)			(restated)
Earnings before income tax		26,698			24,116			24,953
Adjustments for:
Depreciation and amortization		67,666			67,942			74,951
Impairment losses for doubtful debts		2,231			2,278			2,036
Impairment losses for long-lived assets		51			62			10
Write down of inventories		147			176			178
Investment income		(8	)		(40	)		(147	)
Equity in loss / (income) of associates		698			(91	)		(877	)
Interest income		(376	)		(354	)		(429	)
Interest expense		4,574			3,702			3,586
Net foreign exchange loss / (gain)		75			(113	)		134
Net loss on retirement and disposal of long-lived assets		1,573			1,867			1,841
Gain from Tower Assets Disposal		(5,214	)		—			—
Increase in accounts receivable		(1,669	)		(2,306	)		(2,770	)
(Increase) / decrease in inventories		(2,205	)		1,038			905
Increase in prepayments and other current assets		(5,877	)		(3,783	)		(2,618	)
(Increase) / decrease in other assets		(87	)		366			(231	)
Increase / (decrease) in accounts payable		22,100			3,755			(4,213	)
Increase in accrued expenses and other payables		7,094			10,878			7,232
Decrease in deferred revenues		(417	)		(418	)		(202	)
Cash generated from operations		117,054			109,075			104,339
Interest received		376			366			433
Interest paid		(4,602	)		(3,737	)		(3,707	)
Investment income received		27			57			63
Income tax paid		(4,100	)		(4,626	)		(4,626	)
Net cash from operating activities		108,755			101,135			96,502

(b) The amount for the year ended December 31, 2016 included the payment for the cash injection amounting to RMB2,966 (“Cash Consideration”) to China Tower Corporation Limited (“China Tower”) in relation to the disposal of certain telecommunications towers and related assets to China Tower (the “Tower Assets Disposal”) in 2015. The Cash Consideration was paid in February 2016.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-7

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

1. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES, ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Principal activities

China Telecom Corporation Limited (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (hereinafter, collectively referred to as the “Group”) offers a comprehensive range of wireline and mobile telecommunications services including voice, Internet, telecommunication network resource services and lease of network equipment, information and application services and other related services. The Group provides wireline telecommunications services and related services in Beijing Municipality, Shanghai Municipality, Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Anhui Province, Fujian Province, Jiangxi Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Chongqing Municipality, Sichuan Province, Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Hainan Province, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The Group also provides mobile telecommunications and related services in the mainland China and Macau Special Administrative Region (“Macau”) of the PRC. The Group also provides international telecommunications services, including lease of network equipment, International Internet access and transit, Internet data center and mobile virtual network services in certain countries and regions of the Asia Pacific, Europe, Africa, South America and North America. The operations of the Group in the mainland China are subject to the supervision and regulation by the PRC government.

Organization

As part of the reorganization (the “Restructuring”) of China Telecommunications Corporation, the Company was incorporated in the PRC on September 10, 2002. In connection with the Restructuring, China Telecommunications Corporation transferred to the Company the wireline telecommunications business and related operations in Shanghai Municipality, Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province together with the related assets and liabilities (the “Predecessor Operations”) in consideration for 68,317 ordinary domestic shares of the Company. The shares issued to China Telecommunications Corporation have a par value of RMB1.00 each and represented the entire registered and issued share capital of the Company at that date.

On December 31, 2003, the Company acquired the entire equity interests in Anhui Telecom Company Limited, Fujian Telecom Company Limited, Jiangxi Telecom Company Limited, Guangxi Telecom Company Limited, Chongqing Telecom Company Limited and Sichuan Telecom Company Limited (collectively the “First Acquired Group”) and certain network management and research and development facilities from China Telecommunications Corporation for a total purchase price of RMB46,000 (hereinafter, referred to as the “First Acquisition”).

On June 30, 2004, the Company acquired the entire equity interests in Hubei Telecom Company Limited, Hunan Telecom Company Limited, Hainan Telecom Company Limited, Guizhou Telecom Company Limited, Yunnan Telecom Company Limited, Shaanxi Telecom Company Limited, Gansu Telecom Company Limited, Qinghai Telecom Company Limited, Ningxia Telecom Company Limited and Xinjiang Telecom Company Limited (collectively the “Second Acquired Group”) from China Telecommunications Corporation for a total purchase price of RMB27,800 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Second Acquisition”).

On June 30, 2007, the Company acquired the entire equity interests in China Telecom System Integration Co., Ltd. (“CTSI”), China Telecom Global Limited (“CT Global”) and China Telecom (Americas) Corporation (“CT Americas”) (collectively the “Third Acquired Group”) from China Telecommunications Corporation for a total purchase price of RMB1,408 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Third Acquisition”).

On June 30, 2008, the Company acquired the entire equity interest in China Telecom Group Beijing Corporation (“Beijing Telecom” or the “Fourth Acquired Company”) from China Telecommunications Corporation for a total purchase price of RMB5,557 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Fourth Acquisition”).

On August 1, 2011 and December 1, 2011, the subsidiaries of the Company, E-surfing Pay Co., Ltd(“E-surfing Pay”) and E-surfing Media Co., Ltd. (“E-surfing Media”), acquired the e-commerce business and video media business (collectively the “Fifth Acquired Group”) from China Telecommunications Corporation and its subsidiaries for a total purchase price of RMB61 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Fifth Acquisition”). The Company disposed the equity interest in E-surfing Media to China Telecommunications Corporation in 2013

F-8

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

1. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES, ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (continued)

Organization (continued)

On April 30, 2012, the Company acquired the digital trunking business (the “Sixth Acquired Business”) from Besttone Holding Co., Ltd. (“Besttone Holding”), a subsidiary of China Telecommunications Corporation, at a purchase price of RMB48 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Sixth Acquisition”).

On December 31, 2013, CT Global , a subsidiary of the Company, acquired 100% equity interest in China Telecom (Europe) Limited (“CT Europe” or the “Seventh Acquired Company”), a wholly owned subsidiary of China Telecommunications Corporation, from China Telecommunications Corporation for a total purchase price of RMB278 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Seventh Acquisition”).

Pursuant to an agreement entered into by the Company and Besttone Holding on September 25, 2017, the Company disposed of the 100% equity interest in Chengdu E-store Technology Co., Ltd (“E-store”), a subsidiary of the Company, to Besttone Holding. The initial consideration for the disposal of the equity interest in E-store was RMB249, which was concluded based on the valuation of the equity interests in E-store as of March 31, 2017. In addition, an adjustment was made to the initial consideration to arrive at the final consideration based on the change in the book value of the net assets of E-store during the period from March 31, 2017 to the completion date of the disposal. The control of the equity interest in E-store was transferred to Besttone Holding on October 31, 2017. The final consideration was arrived at RMB251, among which the initial consideration amounting to RMB249 was received on November 16, 2017.

Analysis of assets and liabilities of the disposed subsidiary:

	October 31, 2017
	RMB
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		65
Accounts receivable, net		48
Prepayments and other current assets		67
Non-current Assets
Property, plant and equipment, net		16
Intangible assets		3
Current liabilities
Accounts payable		29
Accrued expenses and other payables		27
Net assets disposal of		143

Gain on disposal of a subsidiary:

	2017
	RMB
Consideration received and receivable		251
Net assets disposed of		(143	)
Gain on disposal		108

The gain on disposal of E-store has been included in investment income of the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Net cash inflow from disposal of a subsidiary:

	2017
	RMB
Consideration received in cash and cash equivalents		249
Less: Cash and cash equivalents disposed of		(65	)
Net cash inflow from disposal of a subsidiary		184

F-9

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

1. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES, ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (continued)

Organization (continued)

In December 2017, the Company acquired the satellite communications business (the “Satcom Business”) from China Telecom Satellite Communication Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of China Telecommunications Corporation, at a purchase price of RMB70, which has not been settled at the end of the reporting period. In the same month, E-surfing Pay acquired a 100% interest in Shaanxi Zhonghe Hengtai Insurance Agent Limited (“Zhonghe Hengtai”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Shaanxi Communications Services Company Limited (“Shaanxi Comservice”, a company ultimately held by China Telecommunications Corporation), from Shaanxi Comservice, at a purchase price of RMB17, which was fully paid by March 23, 2018. The acquisitions of the Satcom Business and Zhonghe Hengtai (collectively referred to as the “Eighth Acquired Group”) are two separate transactions, which are collectively referred to as the “Eighth Acquisition”.

Hereinafter, the First Acquired Group, the Second Acquired Group, the Third Acquired Group, the Fourth Acquired Company, the Fifth Acquired Group, the Sixth Acquired Business, the Seventh Acquired Company and the Eighth Acquired Group are collectively referred to as the “Acquired Groups”.

Basis of presentation

Since the Group and the Acquired Groups are under common control of China Telecommunications Corporation, the Group’s acquisitions of the Acquired Groups have been accounted for as a combination of entities under common control in a manner similar to a pooling-of-interests. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of these entities have been accounted for at historical amounts and the consolidated financial statements of the Group prior to the acquisitions are combined with the financial statements of the Acquired Groups. The considerations for the acquisition of the Acquired Groups are accounted for as an equity transaction in the consolidated statement of changes in equity.

The consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2016 as previously reported by the Group and the combined amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements of the Group to reflect the acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group are set out below:

	The Group (as previously reported) RMB		The Eighth Acquired Group RMB		The Group (restated) RMB
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2015:
Operating revenues		331,202		315		331,517
Profit for the year		20,142		4		20,146
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2016:
Operating revenues		352,285		249		352,534
Profit for the year		18,109		14		18,123
Consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2016:
Total assets		652,368		190		652,558
Total liabilities		336,073		137		336,210
Total equity		316,295		53		316,348

For the periods presented, all significant transactions and balances between the Group and the Eighth Acquired Group have been eliminated on combination.

F-10

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

1. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES, ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (continued)

Merger with subsidiaries

Pursuant to the resolution passed by the Company’s shareholders at an Extraordinary General Meeting held on February 25, 2008, the Company entered into merger agreements with each of the following subsidiaries: Shanghai Telecom Company Limited, Guangdong Telecom Company Limited, Jiangsu Telecom Company Limited, Zhejiang Telecom Company Limited, Anhui Telecom Company Limited, Fujian Telecom Company Limited, Jiangxi Telecom Company Limited, Guangxi Telecom Company Limited, Chongqing Telecom Company Limited, Sichuan Telecom Company Limited, Hubei Telecom Company Limited, Hunan Telecom Company Limited, Hainan Telecom Company Limited, Guizhou Telecom Company Limited, Yunnan Telecom Company Limited, Shaanxi Telecom Company Limited, Gansu Telecom Company Limited, Qinghai Telecom Company Limited, Ningxia Telecom Company Limited and Xinjiang Telecom Company Limited. In addition, the Company entered into merger agreement with Beijing Telecom on July 1, 2008. Pursuant to these merger agreements, the Company merged with these subsidiaries and the assets, liabilities and business operations of these subsidiaries were transferred to the Company’s branches in the respective regions.

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Basis of preparation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared on a going concern basis. These consolidated financial statements were approved and authorized by the Board of Directors on March 28, 2018.

The consolidated financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis as modified by the revaluation of certain available-for-sale equity securities at fair value (Note 2(l)).

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

Judgements made by management in the application of IFRS that have significant effect on the consolidated financial statements and major sources of estimation uncertainty are discussed in Note 37.

(b) Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements comprise the Company and its subsidiaries and the Group’s interests in associates.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the Company. When fulfilling the following conditions, the Company has control over an entity: (a) has power over the investee, (b) has exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee, and (c) has the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of the investor’s returns.

When assessing whether the Company has power over that entity, only substantive rights (held by the Company and other parties) are considered.

F-11

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

(b) Basis of consolidation (continued)

The financial results of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases, and the profit attributable to non-controlling interests is separately presented on the face of the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as an allocation of the profit or loss for the year between the non-controlling interests and the equity holders of the Company. Non-controlling interests represent the equity in subsidiaries not attributable directly or indirectly to the Company. For each business combination, the Group measures the non-controlling interests at the proportionate share, of the acquisition date, of fair value of the subsidiary’s net identifiable assets. Non-controlling interests at the end of the reporting period are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position within equity and consolidated statement of changes in equity, separately from the equity of the Company’s equity holders. Changes in the Group’s interests in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions, whereby adjustments are made to the amounts of controlling and non-controlling interests within consolidated equity to reflect the change in relative interests, but no adjustments are made to goodwill and no gain or loss is recognized. When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, it is accounted for as a disposal of the entire interest in that subsidiary, with a resulting gain or loss being recognized in profit or loss. Any interest retained in that former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is recognized at fair value and this amount is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition of a financial asset or, when appropriate, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associate or a joint venture.

An associate is an entity, not being a subsidiary, in which the Group exercises significant influence, but not control, over its management. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control over those policies.

An investment in an associate is accounted for in the consolidated financial statements under the equity method and is initially recorded at cost, adjusted for any excess of the Group’s share of the acquisition-date fair values of the investee’s net identifiable assets over the cost of the investment (if any) after reassessment. Thereafter, the investment is adjusted for the Group’s equity share of the post-acquisition changes in the associate’s net assets and any impairment loss relating to the investment. When the Group ceases to have significant influence over an associate, it is accounted for as a disposal of the entire interest in that investee, with a resulting gain or loss being recognized in profit or loss. Any interest retained in that former investee at the date when significant influence is lost is recognized at fair value and this amount is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition of a financial asset.

All significant intercompany balances and transactions and unrealized gains arising from intercompany transactions are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the entity. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

(c) Foreign currencies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in Renminbi (“RMB”). The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries in mainland China is RMB. The functional currency of the Group’s foreign operations is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the foreign operations operate. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are translated into the functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing on the transaction dates. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the end of the reporting period. The resulting exchange differences, other than those capitalized as construction in progress (Note 2(i)), are recognized as income or expense in profit or loss. For the periods presented, no exchange differences were capitalized.

When preparing the Group’s consolidated financial statements, the results of operations of the Group’s foreign operations are translated into RMB at average rate prevailing during the year. Assets and liabilities of the Group’s foreign operations are translated into RMB at the foreign exchange rates ruling at the end of the reporting period. The resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated separately in equity in the exchange reserve.

F-12

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

(d) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and time deposits with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. None of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents is restricted as to withdrawal.

(e) Accounts and other receivables

Accounts and other receivables are initially recognized at fair value and thereafter stated at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less allowance for doubtful debts (Note 2(n)) unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost less allowance for doubtful debts.

(f) Inventories

Inventories consist of materials and supplies used in maintaining the telecommunications network and goods for resale. Inventories are valued at cost using the specific identification method or the weighted average cost method, less a provision for obsolescence.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion, the estimated costs to make the sale and the related tax expenses.

(g) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost, less subsequent accumulated depreciation and impairment losses (Note 2(n)). The cost of an asset comprises its purchase price, any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to working condition and location for its intended use and the cost of borrowed funds used during the periods of construction. Expenditure incurred after the asset has been put into operation, including cost of replacing part of such an item, is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the item of property, plant and equipment and the cost can be measured reliably. All other expenditure is expensed as it is incurred.

Assets held under finance leases (Note 2 (m)) are amortized over the shorter of the lease term and their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. As of December 31, 2017, no asset was held by the Group under finance leases (2016: nil).

Gains or losses arising from retirement or disposal of property, plant and equipment are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the respective asset and are recognized as income or expense in the profit or loss on the date of disposal.

Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of each asset over its estimated useful life on a straight-line basis, after taking into account its estimated residual value, as follows:

	Depreciable lives primarily range from
Buildings and improvements	8 to 30 years
Telecommunications network plant and equipment	5 to 10 years
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment	5 to 10 years

Where parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, the cost of the item is allocated on a reasonable basis between the parts and each part is depreciated separately. Both the useful life of an asset and its residual value are reviewed annually.

During the year, the Group reviewed the estimated useful lives of all property, plant and equipment and changed the depreciable lives of corporate information system equipment ,IPTV equipment and CDN equipment (included in telecommunications network plant and equipment) from 10 years to 5 years. The effect of such changes in accounting estimates is set out in Note 8.

F-13

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

(h) Lease prepayments

Lease prepayments represent land use rights paid. Land use rights are initially carried at cost or deemed cost and then charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the respective periods of the rights which range from 20 years to 70 years.

(i) Construction in progress

Construction in progress represents buildings, telecommunications network plant and equipment and other equipment and intangible assets under construction and pending installation, and is stated at cost less impairment losses (Note 2(n)). The cost of an item comprises direct costs of construction, capitalization of interest charge, and foreign exchange differences on related borrowed funds to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest charges during the periods of construction. Capitalization of these costs ceases and the construction in progress is transferred to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets when the asset is substantially ready for its intended use.

No depreciation is provided in respect of construction in progress.

(j) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the Group’s interest in the fair value of the net assets acquired in the CDMA business (as defined in Note 10) acquisition.

Goodwill is stated at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units and is tested annually for impairment (Note 2(n)). On disposal of a cash generating unit during the year, any attributable amount of the goodwill is included in the calculation of the profit or loss on disposal.

(k) Intangible assets

The Group’s intangible assets are primarily software.

Software that is not an integral part of any tangible assets, is recorded at cost less subsequent accumulated amortization and impairment losses (Note 2(n)). Amortization of software is mainly calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives, which range from three to five years.

(l) Investments

Investments in available-for-sale equity securities are carried at fair value with any change in fair value being recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated separately in equity. For investments in available-for-sale equity securities, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of that investment below its cost is considered to be objective evidence of impairment. When these investments are derecognized or impaired, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is recognized in profit or loss. Investments in unlisted equity securities that do not have a quoted market price in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured are stated at cost less impairment losses (Note 2(n)).

(m) Leasing

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets acquired under finance leases are initially recorded at amounts equivalent to the lower of the fair value of the leased assets at the inception of the lease or the present value of the minimum lease payments (computed using the rate of interest implicit in the lease). The net present value of the future minimum lease payments is recorded correspondingly as a finance lease obligation.

Where the Group has the right to use the assets under operating leases, payments made under the leases are charged to profit or loss in equal installments over the accounting periods covered by the lease term, except where an alternative basis is more representative of the pattern of benefits to be derived from the leased asset. Lease incentives received are recognized in profit or loss as an integral part of the aggregate net lease payments made. Contingent rentals are charged to profit or loss in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

F-14

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

(n) Impairment

(i) Impairment of accounts and other receivables and investments in equity securities carried at cost

Accounts and other receivables and investments in equity securities carried at cost are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is objective evidence of impairment. Objective evidence of impairment includes observable data that comes to the attention of the Group about one or more of the following loss events:

- significant financial difficulty of the debtor or issuer;

- a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;

- it becoming probable that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; and

- significant changes in the technological, market, economic or legal environment that have an adverse effect on the debtor/ issuer.

The impairment loss for accounts and other receivables is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate where the effect of discounting is material, and is recognized as an expense in profit or loss.

The impairment loss for investments in equity securities carried at cost is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the estimated future cash flows, discounted at the current market rate of return for a similar financial asset where the effect of discounting is material, and is recognized as an expense in profit or loss.

Impairment losses for accounts and other receivables are reversed through profit or loss if in a subsequent period the amount of the impairment losses decreases. Impairment losses for equity securities carried at cost are not reversed.

(ii) Impairment of long-lived assets

The carrying amounts of the Group’s long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, intangible assets with finite useful lives and construction in progress are reviewed periodically to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. These assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their recorded carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For goodwill, the impairment testing is performed annually at each year end.

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. When an asset does not generate cash flows largely independent of those from other assets, the recoverable amount is determined for the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows independently (i.e. a cash-generating unit). In determining the value in use, expected future cash flows generated by the assets are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. The goodwill arising from a business combination, for the purpose of impairment testing, is allocated to cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment loss is recognized as an expense in profit or loss. Impairment loss recognized in respect of cash-generating units is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis.

The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognized for an asset in prior years may no longer exist. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a favorable change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. A subsequent increase in the recoverable amount of an asset, when the circumstances and events that led to the write-down cease to exist, is recognized as an income in profit or loss. The reversal is reduced by the amount that would have been recognized as depreciation and amortization had the write-down not occurred. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For the years presented, no reversal of impairment loss was recognized in profit or loss.

F-15

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

(o) Revenue recognition

The revenue recognition methods of the Group are as follows:

(i) Voice usage fee is recognized as the service is provided.

(ii) Fees received for wireline installation charges for periods prior to January 1, 2012 are deferred and recognized over the expected customer relationship period. The direct costs associated with the installation of wireline services are deferred to the extent of the installation fees and amortized over the same expected customer relationship period. From 2012 onwards, since the amounts of fees received and the associated direct costs incurred are insignificant, the fees and associated direct costs are not deferred, and are recognized in profit or loss when received or incurred.

(iii) Monthly service fees are recognized in the month during which the services are provided to customers.

(iv) Revenue from sale of prepaid calling cards are recognized as the cards are used by customers.

(v) Revenue derived from information and application services are recognized when the services are provided to customers.

Revenue from information and application services in which no third party service providers are involved, such as caller display and Internet data center services, are presented on a gross basis. Revenues from all other information and application services are presented on either gross or net basis based on the assessment of each individual arrangement with third parties. The following factors indicate that the Group is acting as a principal in the arrangements with third parties:

i) The Group is primarily responsible for providing the applications or services desired by customers, and takes responsibility for fulfillment of ordered applications or services, including the acceptability of the applications or services ordered or purchased by customers;

ii) The Group takes title of the inventory of the applications before they are ordered by customers;

iii) The Group has risks and rewards of ownership, such as risks of loss for collection from customers after applications or services are provided to customers;

iv) The Group has latitude in establishing selling prices with customers;

v) The Group can modify the applications or perform part of the services;

vi) The Group has discretion in selecting suppliers used to fulfill an order; and

vii) The Group determines the nature, type, characteristics, or specifications of the applications or services.

If majority of the indicators of risks and responsibilities exist in the arrangements with third parties, the Group is acting as a principal and have exposure to the significant risks and rewards associated with the rendering of services or the sale of applications, and revenues for these services are recognized on a gross basis. If majority of the indicators of risks and responsibilities do not exist in the arrangements with third parties, the Group is acting as an agent, and revenues for these services are recognized on a net basis.

(vi) Revenue from the provision of Internet and telecommunications network resource services are recognized when the services are provided to customers.

(vii) Interconnection fees from domestic and foreign telecommunications operators are recognized when the services are rendered as measured by the minutes of traffic processed.

(viii) Lease income from operating leases is recognized over the term of the lease.

(ix) Sale of equipment is recognized on delivery of the equipment to customers and when the significant risks and rewards of ownership and title have been transferred to the customers. Revenue from repair and maintenance of equipment is recognized when the service is provided to customers.

F-16

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

(o) Revenue recognition (continued)

The Group offers promotional packages, which involve the bundled sales of terminal equipment (mobile handsets) and telecommunications services, to customers. The total contract consideration of a promotional package is allocated to revenues generated from the provision of telecommunications services and the sales of terminal equipment using the residual method. Under the residual method, the total contract consideration of the arrangement is allocated as follows: The undelivered component, which is the provision of telecommunications services, is measured at fair value, and the remainder of the contract consideration is allocated to the delivered component, which is the sales of terminal equipment. The Group recognizes revenues generated from the delivery and sales of the terminal equipment when the title of the terminal equipment is passed to the customers whereas revenues generated from the provision of telecommunications services are recognized based upon the actual usage of such services. During each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, a substantial portion of the total contract consideration is allocated to the provision of telecommunications services since the terminal equipment is typically provided free of charge or at a nominal amount to promote the Group’s core business of the provision of telecommunications services, and the fair value of the telecommunication services approximates the total contract consideration.

(p) Advertising and promotion expense

The costs for advertising and promoting the Group’s telecommunications services are expensed as incurred. Advertising and promotion expense, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses, was RMB19,294, RMB17,070 and RMB14,072 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively, among which, the costs of terminal equipment offered as part of a promotional package to our customers for free or at a nominal amount to promote the Group’s telecommunication service amounted to RMB11,620, RMB9,370 and RMB4,707, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively.

(q) Net finance costs

Net finance costs comprise interest income on bank deposits, interest costs on borrowings, and foreign exchange gains and losses. Interest income from bank deposits is recognized as it accrues using the effective interest method.

Interest costs incurred in connection with borrowings are calculated using the effective interest method and are expensed as incurred, except to the extent that they are capitalized as being directly attributable to the construction of an asset which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.

(r) Research and development expense

Research and development expenditure is expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, research and development expense was RMB792, RMB825 and RMB1,088 , respectively.

(s) Employee benefits

The Group’s contributions to defined contribution retirement plans administered by the PRC government and defined contribution retirement plans administered by independent external parties are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Further information is set out in Note 34.

Compensation expense in respect of the stock appreciation rights granted is accrued as a charge to the profit or loss over the applicable vesting period based on the fair value of the stock appreciation rights. The liability of the accrued compensation expense is re-measured to fair value at the end of each reporting period with the effect of changes in the fair value of the liability charged or credited to profit or loss. Further details of the Group’s stock appreciation rights scheme are set out in Note 35.

F-17

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

(t) Government grants

The Group’s government grants are mainly related to the government loans with below-market rate of interest.

Government grants shall only be recognized until there is reasonable assurance that:

(i) the Group will comply with all the conditions attaching to them; and

(ii) the grants will be received.

Government grants that compensate expenses incurred are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income in the same periods in which the expenses are incurred.

Government grants relating to assets are recognized in deferred revenue and are credited to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets.

(u) Interest-bearing borrowings

Interest-bearing borrowings are recognized initially at fair value less attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-bearing borrowings are stated at amortized cost with any difference between the amount initially recognized and the redemption value recognized in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings, together with any interest, using the effective interest method.

(v) Accounts and other payables

Accounts and other payables are initially recognized at fair value and thereafter stated at amortized cost unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost.

(w) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position when the Group has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Where the time value of money is material, provisions are stated at the present value of the expenditure expected to settle the obligation.

Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Possible obligations, whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events, are also disclosed as contingent liabilities unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote.

(x) Value-added tax

Under current PRC tax rules and regulations, output VAT rate for basic telecommunications services (including voice communication, lease or sale of network resources) is 11% while the output VAT rate for value-added telecommunications services (including Internet access services, short and multimedia messaging services, transmission and application service of electronic data and information) is 6%, and the output VAT for sales of telecommunications terminals and equipment is 17%. Input VAT rate depends on the type of services received and the assets purchased as well as the VAT rate applicable to a specific industry, and ranges from 3% to 17%.

Output VAT is excluded from operating revenues while input VAT, which is incurred as a result of the Company’s receipt of services and purchases of telecommunications equipment and materials, is excluded from operating expenses or the original cost of equipment purchased and can be netted against the output VAT, arriving at the net amount of VAT recoverable or payable. As the VAT obligations are borne by branches and subsidiaries of the Company, input and output VAT are set off at branches and subsidiaries levels, and the net amount of VAT recoverable or payable of branches and subsidiaries are not offset at the consolidation level. Such net amount of VAT recoverable or payable is recorded in the line item of prepayments and other current assets and accrued expenses and other payables, respectively on the face of consolidated statements of financial position.

F-18

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

(y) Income tax

Income tax for the year comprises current tax and movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Income tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income, or directly in equity, in which case the relevant amounts of tax are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet liability method, providing for all temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their tax bases. The amount of deferred tax is calculated on the basis of the enacted or substantively enacted tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. The effect on deferred tax of any changes in tax rates is charged or credited to profit or loss, except for the effect of a change in tax rate on the carrying amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities which were previously recognized in other comprehensive income, in such case the effect of a change in tax rate is also recognized in other comprehensive income.

A deferred tax asset is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the asset can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

(z) Dividends

Dividends are recognized as a liability in the period in which they are declared.

(aa) Related parties

(a) A person, or a close member of that person’s family, is related to the Group if that person:

(i) has control or joint control over the Group;

(ii) has significant influence over the Group; or

(iii) is a member of the key management personnel of the Group or the Group’s parent.

(b) An entity is related to the Group if any of the following conditions applies:

(i) The entity and the Group are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others);

(ii) The entity is an associate or joint venture of the Group (or an associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the Group is a member); or the Group is an associate or joint venture of the entity (or an associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the entity is a member);

(iii) The entity and the Group are joint ventures of the same third party;

(iv) The entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the Group is an associate of the third entity; or the Group is a joint venture of a third entity and the entity is an associate of the third entity;

(v) The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a);

(vi) A person identified in (a)(i) has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity).

Close members of the family of a person are those family members who may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with the entity.

F-19

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

(ab) Segmental reporting

An operating segment is a component of an entity that engages in business activities from which revenues are earned and expenses are incurred, and is identified on the basis of the internal financial reports that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in order to allocate resource and assess performance of the segment. For the periods presented, management has determined that the Group has one operating segment as the Group is only engaged in the integrated telecommunications business. The Group’s assets located outside mainland China and operating revenues derived from activities outside mainland China are less than 10% of the Group’s assets and operating revenues, respectively. No geographical area information has been presented as such amount is immaterial. No single external customer accounts for 10% or more of the Group’s operating revenues.

3. APPLICATION OF REVISED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS

In the current year, the Group has applied, for the first time, the following amendments to IFRS issued by the IASB that are mandatorily effective for the current year:

• Amendments to IAS 7, “Disclosure Initiative”

• Amendments to IAS 12, “Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealised Losses”

• Amendments to IFRS 12 as part of the Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2014-2016 Cycle

Amendments to IAS 7, “Disclosure Initiative”

The amendments require an entity to provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both cash and non-cash changes.

Specifically, the amendments require the following to be disclosed: (i) changes from financing cash flows; (ii) changes arising from obtaining or losing control of subsidiaries or other businesses; (iii) the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates; (iv) changes in fair values; and (v) other changes.

A reconciliation between the opening and closing balances of these items is provided in Note 32. Consistent with the transition provisions of the amendments, the Group has not disclosed comparative information for the prior year.

Apart from the additional disclosure as required by Amendments to IAS 7 in Note 32, the application of the above amendments to IFRSs has had no material effect on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

The Group has not yet applied any new and revised standard or interpretation that is not yet effective for the current year (Note 38).

F-20

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

4. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Cash at bank and in hand		22,147		17,763
Time deposits with original maturity within three months		2,470		1,647
		24,617		19,410

5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable, net, are analyzed as follows:

			December 31,
	Note		2016			2017
			RMB			RMB
			(restated)
Accounts receivable
Third parties				22,958			23,762
China Telecom Group		(i)		966			1,502
China Tower				10			5
Other telecommunications operators in the PRC				933			669
				24,867			25,938
Less: Allowance for doubtful debts				(3,402	)		(3,842	)
				21,465			22,096

Note:

(i) China Telecommunications Corporation together with its subsidiaries other than the Group are referred to as “China Telecom Group”.

The following table summarizes the changes in allowance for doubtful debts for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2016			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB
				(restated)
At beginning of year		2,478			2,935			3,402
Impairment losses for doubtful debts		2,172			2,203			1,962
Accounts receivable written off		(1,715	)		(1,736	)		(1,522	)
At end of year		2,935			3,402			3,842

Ageing analysis of accounts receivable from telephone and Internet subscribers based on the billing dates is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Current, within 1 month		9,993			9,323
1 to 3 months		2,179			2,607
4 to 12 months		1,763			1,780
More than 12 months		761			878
		14,696			14,588
Less: Allowance for doubtful debts		(2,427	)		(2,603	)
		12,269			11,985

F-21

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET (continued)

Ageing analysis of accounts receivable from other telecommunications operators and enterprise customers based on date of rendering of services is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
	(restated)
Current, within 1 month		3,671			4,421
1 to 3 months		1,895			1,973
4 to 12 months		2,360			2,644
More than 12 months		2,245			2,312
		10,171			11,350
Less: Allowance for doubtful debts		(975	)		(1,239	)
		9,196			10,111

Ageing analysis of accounts receivable that are not impaired is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Not past due		19,418		19,623
Less than 1 month past due		1,180		1,518
1 to 3 months past due		867		955
Amounts past due		2,047		2,473
		21,465		22,096

6. INVENTORIES

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Materials and supplies		1,200		1,071
Goods for resale		3,906		3,052
		5,106		4,123

7. PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Amounts due from China Telecom Group		798		774
Amounts due from China Tower		2,278		2,152
Amounts due from other telecommunications operators in the PRC		326		369
Prepayments in connection with construction work and equipment purchases		2,664		2,542
Prepaid expenses and deposits		3,784		3,486
Value-added tax recoverable		5,197		7,186
Other receivables		4,518		5,619
		19,565		22,128

F-22

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

8. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

	Buildings and improvements			Telecommunications network  plant and equipment			Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Cost/Deemed cost:
Balance at January 1, 2016, as previously reported		97,459			819,257			29,607			946,323
Adjusted for the Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		—			61			3			64
Balance at January 1, 2016, as restated		97,459			819,318			29,610			946,387
Additions		664			1,335			480			2,479
Transferred from construction in progress		2,053			78,287			1,739			82,079
Disposals		(754	)		(74,976	)		(1,753	)		(77,483	)
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			—			(3	)		(3	)
Reclassification		87			(128	)		41			—
Balance at December 31, 2016, as restated		99,509			823,836			30,114			953,459
Additions		583			532			410			1,525
Transferred from construction in progress		1,967			87,129			1,707			90,803
Disposals		(709	)		(68,719	)		(1,936	)		(71,364	)
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			(33	)		—			(33	)
Reclassification		(18	)		(272	)		290			—
Balance at December 31, 2017		101,332			842,473			30,585			974,390
Accumulated depreciation and impairment:
Balance at January 1, 2016, as previously reported		(47,102	)		(504,015	)		(21,225	)		(572,342	)
Adjusted for the Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		—			(39	)		(2	)		(41	)
Balance at January 1,2016, as restated		(47,102	)		(504,054	)		(21,227	)		(572,383	)
Depreciation and impairment charge for the year		(4,527	)		(56,956	)		(2,267	)		(63,750	)
Written back on disposals		681			70,010			1,652			72,343
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			—			2			2
Reclassification		(70	)		83			(13	)		—
Balance at December 31, 2016, as restated		(51,018	)		(490,917	)		(21,853	)		(563,788	)
Depreciation and impairment charge for the year		(4,326	)		(63,903	)		(2,145	)		(70,374	)
Written back on disposal		620			63,553			1,839			66,012
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			17			—			17
Reclassification		18			184			(202	)		—
Balance at December 31, 2017		(54,706	)		(491,066	)		(22,361	)		(568,133	)
Net book value at December 31, 2017		46,626			351,407			8,224			406,257
Net book value at December 31, 2016, as restated		48,491			332,919			8,261			389,671

In order to expedite the construction of the new generation network and create state-of-the-art network experience, the Group resolved to accelerate the upgrade and replacement of corporate information system equipment, IPTV equipment and CDN equipment in order to promote the long-term sustainable development of the Group.

During the year, after reviewing the current condition of existing network equipment and assessing the impact of the evolution in telecommunications technologies and the business development needs, the Company considered the estimated useful lives of corporate information system equipment, IPTV equipment and CDN equipment would change from previously anticipated. As a result, the Group changed the estimated depreciable lives of such equipment from 10 years to 5 years, which could more accurately and appropriately reflect the changes in the Group’s expected consumption pattern of economic benefits embodied in these assets.

The changes in accounting estimates are implemented with effect from October 1, 2017. Effect of changes in depreciable lives is estimated to increase depreciation expense by approximately RMB4,045 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The effect of such changes in depreciable lives represents a temporary difference, therefore does not have any effect on the total depreciation expenses of those assets during the assets’ lives.

F-23

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

9. CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS

	RMB
Balance at January 1, 2016, as previously reported		69,103
Adjusted for Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		4
Balance at January 1, 2016, as restated		69,107
Additions		97,043
Transferred to property, plant and equipment		(82,079	)
Transferred to intangible assets		(3,685	)
Balance at December 31, 2016, as restated		80,386
Additions		88,359
Transferred to property, plant and equipment		(90,803	)
Transferred to intangible assets		(4,836	)
Balance at December 31, 2017		73,106

10. GOODWILL

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Cost:
Goodwill arising from acquisition of CDMA business		29,923		29,920

On October 1, 2008, the Group acquired the CDMA mobile communication business and related assets and liabilities, which also included the entire equity interests of China Unicom (Macau) Company Limited (currently known as China Telecom (Macau) Company Limited) and 99.5% equity interests of Unicom Huasheng Telecommunications Technology Company Limited (currently known as Tianyi Telecom Terminals Company Limited) (collectively the “CDMA business”) from China Unicom Limited and China Unicom Corporation Limited (collectively “China Unicom”). The purchase price of the business combination was RMB43,800, which was fully settled as of December 31, 2010. In addition, pursuant to the acquisition agreement, the Group acquired the customer-related assets and assumed the customer-related liabilities of CDMA business for a net settlement amount of RMB3,471 due from China Unicom. This amount was subsequently settled by China Unicom in 2009. The business combination was accounted for using the purchase method.

The goodwill recognized in the business combination is attributable to the skills and technical talent of the acquired business’s workforce, and the synergies expected to be achieved from integrating and combining the CDMA mobile communication business into the Group’s telecommunications business.

For the purpose of goodwill impairment testing, the goodwill arising from the acquisition of CDMA business was allocated to the appropriate cash-generating unit of the Group, which is the Group’s telecommunications business. The recoverable amount of the Group’s telecommunications business is estimated based on the value in use model, which considers the Group’s financial budgets covering a five-year period and a pre-tax discount rate of 9.8% (2016: 9.4%). Cash flows beyond the five-year period are projected to perpetuity at annual growth rate of 1.5%. Management performed impairment tests for the goodwill at the end of the reporting period and determined that goodwill was not impaired. Management believes any reasonably possible change in the key assumptions on which the recoverable amount is based would not cause its recoverable amount to be less than carrying amount.

Key assumptions used for the value in use calculation model are the number of subscribers, average revenue per subscriber and gross margin. Management determined the number of subscribers, average revenue per subscriber and gross margin based on historical trends and financial information and operational data.

F-24

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

11. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

	Software
	RMB
Cost:
Balance at January 1, 2016		26,301
Additions		363
Transferred from construction in progress		3,685
Disposals		(531	)
Balance at December 31, 2016		29,818
Additions		175
Transferred from construction in progress		4,836
Disposals		(268	)
Disposal of a subsidiary		(11	)
Balance at December 31, 2017		34,550
Accumulated amortization and impairment:
Balance at January 1, 2016		(15,562	)
Amortization charge for the year		(3,500	)
Written back on disposals		488
Balance at December 31, 2016		(18,574	)
Amortization charge for the year		(3,843	)
Written back on disposals		250
Disposal of a subsidiary		8
Balance at December 31, 2017		(22,159	)
Net book value at December 31, 2017		12,391
Net book value at December 31, 2016		11,244

12. INTERESTS IN ASSOCIATES

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Unlisted equity investments, at cost		36,347			36,648
Share of post-acquisition changes in net assets		(1,775	)		(922	)
		34,572			35,726

The Group’s interests in associates are accounted for under the equity method. Details of the Group’s principal associates are as follows:

Name of company	Attributable equity  interest			Principal activities
China Tower Corporation Limited		27.9	%	Construction, maintenance and operation of telecommunications towers as well as ancillary facilities
Shanghai Information Investment Incorporation		24.0	%	Provision of information technology consultancy services

The above associates are established and operated in the PRC and are not traded on any stock exchange.

F-25

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

12. INTERESTS IN ASSOCIATES (continued)

Summarized financial information of the Group’s principal associates and reconciled to the carrying amounts of interests in associates in the Group’s consolidated financial statements are disclosed below:

	China Tower Corporation Limited
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Current assets		39,565			30,517
Non-current assets		272,103			292,126
Current liabilities		171,568			150,438
Non-current liabilities		14,548			44,710
Operating revenues		54,474			68,665
(Loss) / profit for the year		(575	)		1,943
Other comprehensive income for the year		—			—
Total comprehensive income for the year		(575	)		1,943
Dividend received from the associate		—			—
Reconciled to the Group’s interests in the associate
Net assets of the associate		125,552			127,495
Non-controlling interests of the associate		—			—
Group’s effective interest in the associate		27.9	%		27.9	%
Group’s share of net assets of the associate		35,029			35,571
Adjustment for the remaining balance of the deferred gain from the Tower Assets Disposal		(1,782	)		(1,580	)
Carrying amount of the associate in the consolidated financial statements of the Group		33,247			33,991

	Shanghai Information Investment Incorporation
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Current assets		6,688			7,146
Non-current assets		8,421			8,049
Current liabilities		5,754			5,835
Non-current liabilities		3,104			2,673
Operating revenues		4,222			4,313
Profit for the year		413			563
Other comprehensive income for the year		24			22
Total comprehensive income for the year		437			585
Dividend received from the associate		9			9
Reconciled to the Group’s interests in the associate
Net assets of the associate		6,251			6,687
Non-controlling interests of the associate		(1,940	)		(2,004	)
Group’s effective interest in the associate		24.0	%		24.0	%
Group’s share of net assets of the associate		1,035			1,124
Carrying amount of the associate in the consolidated financial statements of the Group		1,035			1,124

Aggregate financial information of the Group’s associates that are not individually material is disclosed below:

	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
The Group’s share of profit of these associates		21		36
The Group’s share of other comprehensive income of these associates		—		2
The Group’s share of total comprehensive income of these associates		21		38
Aggregate carrying amount of these associates in the consolidated financial statements of the Group		290		611

F-26

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

13. INVESTMENTS

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Available-for-sale listed equity securities		1,369		969
Other unlisted equity investments		166		185
		1,535		1,154

Other unlisted equity investments mainly represent the Group’s various interests in private enterprises which are mainly engaged in the provision of telecommunications infrastructures construction services, information technology services and Internet contents.

14. DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

The components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position and the movements are as follows:

	Assets				Liabilities						Net Balance
	2017		2016		2017			2016			2017			2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,626		1,531		—			—			1,626			1,531
Property, plant and equipment, and others		3,782		3,410		(7,789	)		(4,416	)		(4,007	)		(1,006	)
Deferred revenues and installation costs		71		120		(52	)		(85	)		19			35
Available-for-sale equity securities		—		—		(169	)		(269	)		(169	)		(269	)
Deferred tax assets/(liabilities)		5,479		5,061		(8,010	)		(4,770	)		(2,531	)		291

	Balance at January 1, 2015			Recognized in  consolidated statement of comprehensive income			Balance at December 31, 2015
	RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,156			135			1,291
Property, plant and equipment, and others		1,015			554			1,569
Deferred revenues and installation costs		99			(39	)		60
Available-for-sale equity securities		(163	)		(163	)		(326	)
Net deferred tax assets		2,107			487			2,594

	Balance at January 1, 2016			Recognized in  consolidated statement of comprehensive income			Balance at December 31, 2016
	RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,291			240			1,531
Property, plant and equipment, and others		1,569			(2,575	)		(1,006	)
Deferred revenues and installation costs		60			(25	)		35
Available-for-sale equity securities		(326	)		57			(269	)
Net deferred tax assets		2,594			(2,303	)		291

	Balance at January 1, 2017			Recognized in  consolidated statement of comprehensive income			Balance at December 31, 2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,531			95			1,626
Property, plant and equipment, and others		(1,006	)		(3,001	)		(4,007	)
Deferred revenues and installation costs		35			(16	)		19
Available-for-sale equity securities		(269	)		100			(169	)
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities)		291			(2,822	)		(2,531	)

F-27

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

15. SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT AND PAYABLE

Short-term debt comprises:

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Loans from banks – unsecured		16,411		16,565
Super short-term commercial papers – unsecured		18,996		18,745
Other loans – unsecured		102		150
Loans from China Telecom Group – unsecured		5,271		19,098
Total short-term debt		40,780		54,558

The weighted average interest rate of the Group’s total short-term debt as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 was 3.3% per annum and 4.0% per annum, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Group’s loans from banks and other loans bear interest at rates ranging from 3.5% to 7.3% (2016: 3.9% to 4.4%) per annum, and are repayable within one year; as of December 31, 2017, super short-term commercial papers bear interest at rates ranging from 4.1% to 4.2% (2016: 2.3% to 2.9%) per annum and was repaid by March 19, 2018; the loans from China Telecom Group bear interest at rate of 3.5% (2016: 3.5% to 4.1%) per annum and are repayable within one year.

Long-term debt and payable comprises:

		December 31,
	Interest rates and final maturity	2016			2017
		RMB			RMB
Bank loans – unsecured
Renminbi denominated (Note (i))	Interest rates ranging from 1.08% to 7.04% per annum with maturities through 2036		9,245			9,148
US Dollars denominated	Interest rates ranging from 1.00% to 8.30% per annum with maturities through 2048		446			370
Euro denominated	Interest rate of 2.30% per annum with maturities through 2032		239			223
Other currencies denominated			5			—
			9,935			9,741
Other loans – unsecured
Renminbi denominated			1			1
Amount due to China Telecom Group – unsecured
Deferred consideration of Mobile Network Acquisition – Renminbi denominated (Note (ii))			61,710			—
Loans from China Telecom Group – unsecured
Renminbi denominated (Note (iii))			—			40,000
Total long-term debt and payable			71,646			49,742
Less: Current portion			(62,276	)		(1,146	)
Non-current portion			9,370			48,596

F-28

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

15. SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT AND PAYABLE (continued)

Notes:

(i) The Group obtained long-term RMB denominated government loans with below-market interest rate ranging from 1.08% to 1.20% per annum through banks (the “Low-interest Loans”). The Group recognized the Low-interest Loans at their fair value on initial recognition, and accreted the discount to profit or loss using the effective interest rate method. The difference between the fair value and the face value of the Low-interest Loans was recognized as government grants in deferred revenue at initial recognition (Note 18).

(ii) Represented the remaining balance of the deferred consideration payable to China Telecommunications Corporation in respect of the acquisition of certain CDMA network assets and associated liabilities, which were held by China Telecommunications Corporation through network branches located in 30 provinces , municipalities and autonomous regions in the PRC (hereinafter referred to as the “Mobile Network Acquisition”). The Company fully repaid the deferred consideration in November and December 2017. The Company paid interest on the deferred payment to China Telecommunications Corporation at half-yearly intervals and the interest accrues from the day following the completion of the Mobile Network Acquisition. The interest rate is set at a 5 basis points premium to the yield of the 5-year super AAA rated Medium Term Notes most recently published by the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors before the completion date of the Mobile Network Acquisition and would be adjusted once a year in accordance with the last yield of the 5-year super AAA rated Medium Term Notes most recently published by the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors at the end of each year. The interest rate for 2017 was 4.11%.

(iii) The Group obtained long-term RMB denominated loans with the interest rate of 3.8% per annum from China Telecommunications Corporation on December 25, 2017, which are repayable within 3 to 5 years.

The aggregate maturities of the Group’s long-term debt and payable subsequent to December 31, 2017 are as follows:

	RMB
2018		1,146
2019		1,088
2020		21,044
2021		983
2022		20,944
Thereafter		4,537
		49,742

The Group’s short-term and long-term debt and payable do not contain any financial covenants. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the Group had unutilized committed credit facilities amounting to RMB161,229 and RMB154,793 respectively.

16. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB (restated)		RMB
Third parties		96,736		93,324
China Telecom Group		21,331		22,682
China Tower		3,697		2,611
Other telecommunications operators in the PRC		729		704
		122,493		119,321

Amounts due to China Telecom Group and China Tower are payable in accordance with contractual terms which are similar to those terms offered by third parties.

F-29

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

17. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER PAYABLES

				December 31,
	Notes			2016		2017
				RMB (restated)		RMB
Amounts due to China Telecom Group		(i	)		1,813		1,838
Amounts due to China Tower					807		1,374
Amounts due to other telecommunications operators in the PRC					41		59
Accrued expenses		(ii	)		21,297		24,864
Value-added tax payable					797		645
Customer deposits and receipts in advance					66,418		69,915
					91,173		98,695

Notes:

(i) Amounts due to China Telecom Group as of December 31, 2017 includes the consideration of the Eighth Acquisition amounting to RMB87, among which the consideration of the acquisition of Zhonghe Hengtai was fully paid by March 23, 2018, while the remaining consideration payable in respect of the acquisition of the Satcom Business had not been fully paid at the end of the reporting period.

(ii) Accrued expenses as of December 31, 2017 includes the unpaid portion of consideration of the acquisition of non-controlling interest of a subsidiary of the Group amounting to RMB119, which has been fully settled on January 23, 2018.

18. DEFERRED REVENUES

Deferred revenues mainly represent the unearned portion of installation fees for wireline services received from customers, the unused portion of calling cards, and the unamortized portion of government grants (Note 15).

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Balance at beginning of year		2,482			3,558
Additions for the year
— calling cards		753			390
— government grants		1,494			—
		2,247			390
Reductions for the year
— amortization of installation fees		(294	)		(208	)
— usage of calling cards		(625	)		(384	)
— amortization of government grants		(252	)		(295	)
Balance at end of year		3,558			3,061
Representing:
— current portion		1,253			1,233
— non-current portion		2,305			1,828
		3,558			3,061

Included in other assets are primarily capitalized direct costs associated with the installation of wireline services. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the unamortized portion of these costs was RMB367 and RMB228 respectively.

F-30

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

19. SHARE CAPITAL

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Registered, issued and fully paid
67,054,958,321 ordinary domestic shares of RMB1.00 each		67,055		67,055
13,877,410,000 overseas listed H shares of RMB1.00 each		13,877		13,877
		80,932		80,932

All ordinary domestic shares and H shares rank pari passu in all material respects.

20. RESERVES

	Capital reserve			Share premium		Surplus reserves		Other reserves			Exchange reserve			Retained earnings			Total
	RMB			RMB		RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
	(Note (i))					(Note (iii))		(Note (ii))
Balance as of January 1, 2015, as previously reported		17,064			10,746		69,072		384			(941	)		111,926			208,251
Adjusted for the Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		10			—		—		—			—			25			35
Balance as of January 1, 2015, as restated		17,074			10,746		69,072		384			(941	)		111,951			208,286
Total comprehensive income for the year, as restated		—			—		—		492			129			20,058			20,679
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		(1	)		—		—		—			—			—			(1	)
Contribution from non-controlling interests		87			—		—		—			—			—			87
Dividends (Note 27)		—			—		—		—			—			(6,160	)		(6,160	)
Appropriations (Note (iii))		—			—		1,901		—			—			(1,901	)		—
Balance as of December 31, 2015, as restated		17,160			10,746		70,973		876			(812	)		123,948			222,891
Total comprehensive income for the year, as restated		—			—		—		(165	)		190			18,018			18,043
Dividends (Note 27)		—			—		—		—			—			(6,489	)		(6,489	)
Appropriations (Note (iii))		—			—		1,638		—			—			(1,638	)		—
Balance as of December 31, 2016, as restated		17,160			10,746		72,611		711			(622	)		133,839			234,445
Total comprehensive income for the year		—			—		—		(293	)		(259	)		18,617			18,065
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group (Note 1)		(80	)		—		—		—			—			(7	)		(87	)
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		46			—		—		—			—			—			46
Dividends (Note 27)		—			—		—		—			—			(7,530	)		(7,530	)
Appropriations (Note (iii))		—			—		1,686		—			—			(1,686	)		—
Others		—			—		—		(4	)		—			—			(4	)
Balance as of December 31, 2017		17,126			10,746		74,297		414			(881	)		143,233			244,935

Notes:

(i) Capital reserve of the Group mainly represents the sum of (a) the difference between the carrying amount of the Company’s net assets and the par value of the Company’s shares issued upon its formation; (b) the difference between the consideration paid by the Group for the entities acquired, other than the Fifth Acquired Group, from China Telecommunications Corporation, which were accounted for as equity transactions as disclosed in Note 1, and the historical carrying amount of the net assets of these acquired entities; and (c) the difference between the consolidation paid by the Group for the acquisition of non-controlling interests and the historical carrying amount of the non-controlling interests acquired.

The difference between the consideration paid by the Group and the historical carrying amount of the net assets of the Fifth Acquisition was recorded as a deduction of retained earnings.

Capital reserve of the Company represents the difference between the carrying amount of the Company’s net assets and the par value of the Company’s shares issued upon its formation.

(ii) Other reserves of the Group represent primarily the change in the fair value of available-for-sale equity securities and the deferred tax liabilities recognized due to the change in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities.

F-31

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

20. RESERVES (continued)

(iii) The surplus reserves consist of statutory surplus reserve and discretionary surplus reserve.

According to the Company’s Articles of Association, the Company is required to transfer 10% of its net profit, as determined in accordance with the lower of the amount determined under the PRC Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and the amount determined under IFRS, to the statutory surplus reserve until such reserve balance reaches 50% of the registered capital. The transfer to this reserve must be made before distribution of any dividend to shareholders. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the net profit of the Company determined in accordance with the PRC Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and IFRS are the same. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company transferred RMB1,686, being 10% of the year’s net profit, to this reserve. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company transferred RMB1,638, being 10% of the year’s net profit determined in accordance with the IFRS. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the amount of statutory surplus reserve was RMB26,532 and RMB28,218 respectively.

The Company did not transfer any discretionary surplus reserve for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the amount of discretionary surplus reserve was RMB46,079.

The statutory and discretionary surplus reserves are non-distributable other than in liquidation and can be used to make good of previous years’ losses, if any, and may be utilized for business expansion or converted into share capital by issuing new shares to existing shareholders in proportion to their shareholdings or by increasing the par value of the shares currently held by them, provided that the remaining statutory surplus reserve balance after such issue is not less than 25% of the registered capital.

(iv) According to the Company’s Articles of Association, the amount of retained earnings available for distribution to shareholders of the Company is the lower of the amount of the Company’s retained earnings determined in accordance with the PRC Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and the amount determined in accordance with IFRS. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the amount of retained earnings available for distribution was RMB112,631 and RMB120,270 respectively, being the amount determined in accordance with IFRS. Final dividend of approximately RMB7,518 in respect of the financial year 2017 proposed after the end of the reporting period has not been recognized as a liability in the consolidated financial statements at the end of the reporting period (Note 27).

21. OPERATING REVENUES

Operating revenues represent revenues from the provision of telecommunications services. The components of the Group’s operating revenues are as follows:

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Voice		(i	)		78,661		70,185		61,678
Internet		(ii	)		126,665		150,449		172,554
Information and application services		(iii	)		66,377		66,881		73,044
Telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment		(iv	)		17,635		17,781		19,125
Others		(v	)		42,179		47,238		39,828
					331,517		352,534		366,229

Notes:

(i) Represent the aggregate amount of voice usage fees, installation fees and interconnections fees charged to customers for the provision of telephony services.

(ii) Represent amounts charged to customers for the provision of Internet access services.

(iii) Represent primarily the aggregate amount of fees charged to customers for the provision of Internet data center service, system integration services, e-Surfing HD service, caller ID service and short messaging service and etc.

(iv) Represent primarily the aggregate amount of fees charged to customers for the provision of telecommunications network resource services and lease income from other domestic telecommunications operators and enterprise customers for the usage of the Group’s telecommunications networks and equipment.

(v) Represent primarily revenue from sale, and repair and maintenance of equipment as well as the resale of mobile services (MVNO).

F-32

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

22. NETWORK OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT EXPENSES

				Year ended December 31,
	Note			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Operating and maintenance					46,193		48,390		55,360
Utility					12,521		13,148		12,522
Property rental and management fee		(i	)		14,115		22,327		26,926
Others					8,604		10,291		9,161
					81,433		94,156		103,969

Note:

(i) Property rental and management fee includes the fee in relation to the lease of telecommunications towers and related assets (“Tower Assets”) (hereinafter referred to as the “Tower Assets lease fee”).

23. PERSONNEL EXPENSES

Personnel expenses are attributable to the following functions:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015		2016		2017
	RMB		RMB		RMB
	(restated)		(restated)
Network operations and support		33,842		36,286		38,574
Selling, general and administrative		18,744		18,218		17,469
		52,586		54,504		56,043

24. OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Interconnection charges		(i	)		12,363		11,822		12,223
Cost of goods sold		(ii	)		34,990		38,705		31,712
Donations					18		19		23
Others		(iii	)		1,534		1,740		1,654
					48,905		52,286		45,612

Notes:

(i) Interconnection charges represent amounts incurred for the use of other domestic and foreign telecommunications operators’ networks for delivery of voice and data traffic that originate from the Group’s telecommunications networks.

(ii) Cost of goods sold primarily represents cost of telecommunications equipment sold.

(iii) Others mainly include tax and surcharges other than value-added tax and income tax.

F-33

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

25. NET FINANCE COSTS

	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2016			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB
	(restated)			(restated)
Interest expense incurred		4,901			4,200			3,913
Less: Interest expense capitalized*		(327	)		(498	)		(327	)
Net interest expense		4,574			3,702			3,586
Interest income		(376	)		(354	)		(429	)
Foreign exchange losses		154			209			664
Foreign exchange gains		(79	)		(322	)		(530	)
		4,273			3,235			3,291
*  Interest expense was capitalized in construction in progress at the following rates per annum		3.5%-5.5%			4.1%-5.0%			3.9%-4.9%

26. INCOME TAX

Income tax in the profit or loss comprises:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2016		2017
	RMB			RMB		RMB
	(restated)			(restated)
Provision for PRC income tax		7,128			3,478		3,147
Provision for income tax of other tax jurisdictions		74			155		123
Deferred taxation		(650	)		2,360		2,922
		6,552			5,993		6,192

A reconciliation of the expected tax expense with the actual tax expense is as follows:

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015			2016			2017
				RMB			RMB			RMB
				(restated)			(restated)
Earnings before income tax					26,698			24,116			24,953
Expected income tax expense at statutory tax rate of 25%		(i	)		6,674			6,029			6,238
Differential tax rate on PRC subsidiaries’ and branches’ income		(i	)		(400	)		(275	)		(108	)
Differential tax rate on other subsidiaries’ income		(ii	)		(25	)		(53	)		(82	)
Non-deductible expenses		(iii	)		431			485			380
Non-taxable income		(iv	)		(75	)		(105	)		(112	)
Others		(v	)		(53	)		(88	)		(124	)
Actual income tax expense					6,552			5,993			6,192

Notes:

(i) Except for certain subsidiaries and branches which are mainly taxed at a preferential rate of 15%, the provision for mainland China income tax is based on a statutory rate of 25% of the assessable income of the Company, its mainland China subsidiaries and branches as determined in accordance with the relevant income tax rules and regulations of the PRC.

(ii) Income tax provisions of the Company’s subsidiaries in Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions of the PRC, and in other countries are based on the subsidiaries’ assessable income and income tax rates applicable in the respective tax jurisdictions which range from 12% to 39%.

(iii) Amounts represent miscellaneous expenses in excess of statutory deductible limits for tax purposes.

(iv) Amounts represent miscellaneous income which are not subject to income tax.

(v) Amounts primarily represent tax deduction on prior year research and development expenses approved by tax authorities and other tax benefits.

F-34

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

27. DIVIDENDS

Pursuant to a resolution passed at the Board of Directors’ meeting on March 28, 2018, a final dividend of equivalent to HK$0.115 per share totaling approximately RMB7,518 for the year ended December 31, 2017 was proposed for shareholders’ approval at the Annual General Meeting. The dividend has not been provided for in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Pursuant to the shareholders’ approval at the Annual General Meeting held on May 23, 2017, a final dividend of RMB0.093043 (equivalent to HK$0.105) per share totaling RMB7,530 in respect of the year ended 31 December 2016 was declared and paid on July 21, 2017.

Pursuant to the shareholders’ approval at the Annual General Meeting held on May 25, 2016, a final dividend of RMB0.080182 (equivalent to HK$0.095) per share totaling RMB6,489 in respect of the year ended December 31, 2015 was declared and paid by July 15, 2016.

28. BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE

The calculation of basic earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 is based on the profit attributable to equity holders of the Company of RMB20,058, RMB18,018 and RMB18,617, respectively, divided by 80,932,368,321 shares.

The amount of diluted earnings per share is not presented as there were no potential ordinary shares in existence for the periods presented.

29. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating lease commitments

The Group leases business premises and equipment through non-cancellable operating leases and these operating leases do not contain provisions for contingent lease rentals. None of the rental agreements contain escalation provisions that may require higher future rental payments nor impose restrictions on dividends, additional debt and/or further leasing.

As of December 31, 2017, the Group’s future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

	RMB
2018		20,680
2019		19,563
2020		16,730
2021		6,631
2022		3,376
Thereafter		2,786
Total minimum lease payments		69,766

Total rental expense in respect of operating leases charged to profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 were RMB10,329 ,RMB21,240 and RMB25,493, respectively.

Capital commitments

As of December 31, 2017, the Group had capital commitments as follows:

	RMB
Contracted for but not provided
- property		346
- telecommunications network plant and equipment		10,900
		11,246

F-35

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

29. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (continued)

Contingent liabilities

(a) The Group was advised by their PRC lawyers that no material contingent liabilities were assumed by the Group.

(b) As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the Group did not have contingent liabilities in respect of guarantees given to banks in respect of banking facilities granted to other parties, or other forms of contingent liabilities.

Legal contingencies

The Group is a defendant in certain lawsuits as well as the named party in other proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Management has assessed the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome of such contingencies, lawsuits or other proceedings and based on such assessment, believes that any resulting liabilities will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, operating results or cash flows of the Group.

30. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial assets of the Group include cash and cash equivalents, bank deposits, investments, accounts receivable, prepayments and other receivables. Financial liabilities of the Group include short-term and long-term debt and payable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other payables. The Group does not hold nor issue financial instruments for trading purposes.

(a) Fair Value Measurements

Based on IFRS 13, “Fair Value Measurement”, the fair value of each financial instrument is categorized in its entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to that fair value measurement. The levels are defined as follows:

• Level 1: fair values measured using quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical financial instruments

• Level 2: fair values measured using quoted prices in active markets for similar financial instruments, or using valuation techniques in which all significant inputs are directly or indirectly based on observable market data

• Level 3: fair values measured using valuation techniques in which any significant input is not based on observable market data

The fair values of the Group’s financial instruments (other than long-term debt and payable and available-for-sale equity investment securities) approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The Group’s available-for-sale listed equity securities are categorized as level 1 financial instruments. The fair value of the Group’s available-for-sale listed equity securities, which amounted to RMB1,369 and RMB969 as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 respectively was based on quoted market price on PRC stock exchanges. The Group’s long-term investments, other than the available-for-sale listed equity securities, are unlisted equity interests for which no quoted market prices exist in the PRC and because their fair values cannot be measured reliably, so their fair values were not disclosed.

The fair values of long-term debt and payable is estimated by discounting future cash flows using current market interest rates offered to the Group for debt with substantially the same characteristics and maturities. The fair value measurement of long-term debt and payable is categorized as level 2. The interest rates used by the Group in estimating the fair values of long-term debt and payable, having considered the foreign currency denomination of the debt, ranged from 1.0% to 4.9% (2016: 1.0% to 4.9%). As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the carrying amounts and fair value of the Group’s long-term debt and payable were as follows:

	December 31, 2016				December 31, 2017
	Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Long-term debt and payable		71,646		71,741		49,742		48,256

During the year, there were no transfers among instruments in level 1, level 2 or level 3.

F-36

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

30. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)

(b) Risks

The Group’s financial instruments are exposed to three main types of risks, namely, credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (which mainly comprises of interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk). The Group’s overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Group’s financial performance. Risk management is carried out under policies approved by the Board of Directors. The Board provides principles for overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas, such as liquidity risk, credit risk, and market risk. The Board regularly reviews these policies and authorizes changes if necessary based on operating and market conditions and other relevant risks. The following summarizes the qualitative and quantitative disclosures for each of the three main types of risks:

(i) Credit risk

Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will be unable to pay amounts in full when due. For the Group, this arises mainly from deposits it maintains at financial institutions and credit it provides to customers for the provision of telecommunications services. To limit exposure to credit risk relating to deposits, the Group primarily places cash deposits only with large state-owned financial institutions in the PRC with acceptable credit ratings. For accounts receivable, management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. Furthermore, the Group has a diversified base of customers with no single customer contributing more than 10% of revenues for the periods presented. Further details of the quantitative disclosures in respect of the Group’s exposure on credit risk for accounts receivable are set out in Note 5.

(ii) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk refers to the risk that funds will not be available to meet liabilities as they fall due, and results from timing and amount mismatches of cash inflow and outflow. The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining sufficient cash balances and adequate amount of committed banking facilities to meet its funding needs, including working capital, principal and interest payments on debts, dividend payments, capital expenditures and new investments for a set minimum period of between 3 to 6 months.

The following table sets out the remaining contractual maturities at the end of the reporting period of the Group’s financial liabilities, which are based on contractual undiscounted cash flows (including interest payments computed using contractual rates or, if floating, based on prevailing rates at the end of the reporting period) and the earliest date the Group would be required to repay:

	2016
	Carrying amount		Total contractual undiscounted cash flow		Within 1 year or on demand		More than 1 year but less than 2 years		More than 2 years but less than 5 years		More than 5 years
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Short-term debt		40,780		41,425		41,425		—		—		—
Long-term debt and payable		71,646		75,126		62,307		1,187		3,601		8,031
Accounts payable, as restated		122,493		122,493		122,493		—		—		—
Accrued expenses and other payables, as restated		91,173		91,173		91,173		—		—		—
Finance lease obligations		102		112		58		20		31		3
		326,194		330,329		317,456		1,207		3,632		8,034
	2017
	Carrying amount		Total contractual undiscounted cash flow		Within 1 year or on demand		More than 1 year but less than 2 years		More than 2 years but less than 5 years		More than 5 years
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Short-term debt		54,558		55,682		55,682		—		—		—
Long-term debt		49,742		58,543		2,725		2,716		46,612		6,490
Accounts payable		119,321		119,321		119,321		—		—		—
Accrued expenses and other payables		98,695		98,695		98,695		—		—		—
Finance lease obligations		77		85		56		14		13		2
		322,393		332,326		276,479		2,730		46,625		6,492

F-37

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

30. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)

(b) Risks (continued)

Management believes that the Group’s current cash on hand, expected cash flows from operations and available credit facilities from banks (Note 15) will be sufficient to meet the Group’s working capital requirements and repay its borrowings and obligations when they become due.

(iii) Interest rate risk

The Group’s interest rate risk exposure arises primarily from its short-term debt and long-term debt and payable. Debts carrying interest at variable rates and at fixed rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk and fair value interest rate risk respectively. The Group manages its exposure to interest rate risk by closely monitoring the change in the market interest rate.

The following table sets out the interest rate profile of the Group’s debt at the end of the reporting period:

	2016					2017
	Effective interest rate					Effective interest rate
	%		RMB			%		RMB
Fixed rate debt:
Short-term debt		3.3		39,854			4.0		54,042
Long-term debt		1.2		9,936			3.3		49,742
				49,790					103,784
Variable rate debt:
Short-term debt		4.2		926			4.1		516
Deferred consideration due to China Telecommunications Corporation (as defined in Note 15)		4.1		61,710					—
				62,636					516
Total debt				112,426					104,300
Fixed rate debt as a percentage of total debt				44.3	%				99.5	%

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, it is estimated that an increase of 100 basis points in interest rate, with all other variables held constant, would decrease the Group’s net profit for the year and retained earnings by approximately RMB470 and RMB4 respectively.

The above sensitivity analysis has been prepared on the assumptions that the change of interest rate was applied to the Group’s debt in existence at the end of the reporting period with exposure to cash flow interest rate risk. The analysis is prepared on the same basis for 2016.

(iv) Foreign currency exchange rate risk

Foreign currency exchange rate risk arises on financial instruments that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency in which they are measured. The Group’s foreign currency risk exposure relates to bank deposits and borrowings denominated primarily in US dollars, Euros and Hong Kong dollars.

Management does not expect the appreciation or depreciation of the Renminbi against foreign currencies will materially affect the Group’s financial position and result of operations because 81.6% (2016: 81.8%) of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents and 99.4% (2016: 99.4%) of the Group’s short-term and long-term debt and payable as of December 31, 2017 are denominated in Renminbi. Details of bank loans denominated in other currencies are set out in Note 15.

31. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

The Group’s primary objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can continue to provide investment returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, by pricing products and services commensurately with the level of risk and by securing access to finance at a reasonable cost.

F-38

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

31. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (continued)

Management regularly reviews and manages its capital structure to maintain a balance between the higher shareholder returns that might be possible with higher levels of borrowings and the advantages and security afforded by a sound capital position, and makes adjustments to the capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions.

Management monitors its capital structure on the basis of total debt-to-total assets ratio. For this purpose the Group defines total debt as the sum of short-term debt and long-term debt and payable, and finance lease obligations. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the Group’s total debt-to-total assets ratio was 17.2% and 15.8% respectively, which is within the range of management’s expectation.

Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries are subject to externally imposed capital requirements.

32. RECONCILIATION OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

The table below details changes in the Group’s liabilities arising from financing activities, including both cash and non-cash changes. Liabilities arising from financing activities are those for which cash flows were, or future cash flows will be, classified in the Group’s consolidated statements of cash flows as cash flows from financing activities.

	Short-term Debt		Long-term debt and payable			Finance lease obligations			Consideration payables in respect of the Eighth Acquisition (Note 17)		Consideration payable in respect of the acquisition of non-controlling interests (Note 17)			Dividend payable			Total
	RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB
Balance as of January 1, 2017		40,780		71,646			102			—		—			—			112,528
Financing cash flows		13,778		(22,191	)		(84	)		—		(31	)		(7,619	)		(16,147	)
New finance leases		—		—			55			—		—			—			55
Interest expenses		—		295			9			—		—			—			304
Foreign exchange gain		—		(8	)		—			—		—			—			(8	)
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group		—		—			—			87		—			—			87
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		—		—			—			—		150			—			150
Distribution to non-controlling interests		—		—			—			—		—			89			89
Dividends declared		—		—			—			—		—			7,530			7,530
Others		—		—			(5	)		—		—			—			(5	)
Balance as of December 31, 2017		54,558		49,742			77			87		119			—			104,583

F-39

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

33. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

(a) Transactions with China Telecom Group

The Group is a part of companies under China Telecommunications Corporation, a company owned by the PRC government, and has significant transactions and business relationships with members of China Telecom Group.

The principal transactions with China Telecom Group which were carried out in the ordinary course of business are as follows.

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Purchases of telecommunications equipment and materials		(i	)		5,285		5,199		4,248
Sales of telecommunications equipment and materials		(i	)		2,856		2,786		3,291
Construction and engineering services		(ii	)		19,885		18,936		18,672
Provision of IT services		(iii	)		181		312		642
Receiving IT services		(iii	)		1,362		1,597		1,812
Receiving community services		(iv	)		2,860		2,871		3,028
Receiving ancillary services		(v	)		12,715		13,938		16,072
Property lease income		(vi	)		47		36		53
Property lease expenses		(vi	)		673		559		654
Net transaction amount of centralized services		(vii	)		486		523		727
Interconnection revenues		(viii	)		59		60		48
Interconnection charges		(viii	)		468		232		193
Internet applications channel services		(ix	)		368		332		344
Interest on amounts due to and loans from China Telecom Group		(x	)		4,048		2,928		2,720
Lease of CDMA network facilities		(xi	)		226		154		174
Lease of inter-provincial transmission optic fibres		(xii	)		22		16		13
Lease of land use rights		(xiii	)		13		6		3

Notes:

(i) Represent the amount of telecommunications equipment and materials purchased from/sold to China Telecom Group and commission paid and payable for procurement services provided by China Telecom Group.

(ii) Represent construction and engineering as well as design and supervisory services provided by China Telecom Group.

(iii) Represent IT services provided to and received from China Telecom Group.

(iv) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group in respect of cultural, educational, health care and other community services.

(v) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group in respect of ancillary services such as repairs and maintenance of telecommunications equipment and facilities and certain customer services.

(vi) Represent amounts of property lease fee received and receivable from/paid and payable to China Telecom Group for mutual leasing of properties.

(vii) Represent net amount shared between the Company and China Telecom Group for costs associated with centralized services. The amount represents amounts received or receivable for the net amount of centralized services.

(viii) Represent amounts received and receivable from/paid and payable to China Telecom Group for interconnection of local and domestic long distance calls.

(ix) Represent amounts received and receivable from China Telecom Group in respect of Internet applications channel services, including the provision of telecommunications channel and applications support platform and billing and deduction services, etc.

(x) Represent interest paid and payable to China Telecom Group with respect to the amounts due to China Telecom Group and loans from China Telecom Group (Note 15).

(xi) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group primarily for lease of certain CDMA mobile telecommunications network (“CDMA network”) facilities located in Xizang Autonomous Region.

(xii) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group for lease of certain inter-provincial transmission optic fibres within its service regions.

(xiii) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group for leases of land use rights.

F-40

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

33. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)

(a) Transactions with China Telecom Group (continued)

Amounts due from/to China Telecom Group are summarized as follows:

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Accounts receivable		966		1,502
Prepayments and other current assets		798		774
Total amounts due from China Telecom Group		1,764		2,276
Accounts payable		21,331		22,682
Accrued expenses and other payables		1,813		1,838
Short-term debt		5,271		19,098
Long-term debt and payable		61,710		40,000
Total amounts due to China Telecom Group		90,125		83,618

Amounts due from/to China Telecom Group, other than short-term debt and long-term debt and payable, bear no interest, are unsecured and are repayable in accordance with contractual terms which are similar to those terms offered by third parties. The terms and conditions associated with short-term debt and long-term debt and payable due to China Telecom Group are set out in Note 15.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, no material allowance for doubtful debts was recognized in respect of amounts due from China Telecom Group.

(b) Transactions with China Tower

The principal transactions with China Tower are as follows:

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
Tower Assets Disposal					30,131		—		—
Tower Assets lease fee		(i	)		2,742		11,657		15,389
Provision of IT services		(ii	)		—		12		49

Notes:

(i) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Tower for the lease of the Tower Assets.

The Company and China Tower entered into agreement on July 8, 2016 and a supplemental agreement on February 1,2018 to confirm the pricing and related arrangements in relation to the leases of the Tower Assets.

(ii) Represent IT services provided to China Tower.

Amounts due from/to China Tower are summarized as follows:

	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Accounts receivable		10		5
Prepayments and other current assets		2,278		2,152
Total amounts due from China Tower		2,288		2,157
Accounts payable		3,697		2,611
Accrued expenses and other payables		807		1,374
Total amounts due to China Tower		4,504		3,985

F-41

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

33. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)

(b) Transactions with China Tower (continued)

Amounts due from/to China Tower bear no interest, are unsecured and are repayable in accordance with contractual terms which are similar to those terms offered by third parties.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, no material allowance for doubtful debts was recognized in respect of amounts due from China Tower.

(c) Key management personnel compensation

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Group, directly or indirectly, including directors and supervisors of the Group.

Key management personnel compensation of the Group is summarized as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015		2016		2017
	RMB		RMB		RMB
	thousands		thousands		thousands
Short-term employee benefits		9,859		9,886		7,804
Post-employment benefits		916		801		816
		10,775		10,687		8,620

The above remuneration is included in personnel expenses.

(d) Contributions to post-employment benefit plans

The Group participates in various defined contribution post-employment benefit plans organized by municipal, autonomous regional and provincial governments for its employees. Further details of the Group’s post-employment benefit plans are disclosed in Note 34.

(e) Transactions with other government-related entities in the PRC

The Group is a government-related enterprise and operates in an economic regime currently dominated by entities directly or indirectly controlled by the People’s Republic of China through government authorities, agencies, affiliations and other organizations (collectively referred to as “government-related entities”).

Apart from transactions with parent company and its fellow subsidiaries(Note 33(a)), the Group has transactions that are collectively but not individually significant with other government-related entities, which include but not limited to the following:

• rendering and receiving services, including but not limited to telecommunications services

• sales and purchases of goods, properties and other assets

• lease of assets

• depositing and borrowing

• use of public utilities

These transactions are conducted in the ordinary course of the Group’s business on terms comparable to the terms of transactions with other entities that are not government-related. The Group prices its telecommunications services and products based on government-regulated tariff rates, where applicable, or based on commercial negotiations. The Group has also established procurement policies and approval processes for purchases of products and services, which do not depend on whether the counterparties are government-related entities or not.

The directors of the Company believe the above information provides appropriate disclosure of related party transactions.

F-42

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

34. POST-EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS PLANS

As stipulated by the regulations of the PRC, the Group participates in various defined contribution retirement plans organized by municipal, autonomous regional and provincial governments for its employees. The Group is required to make contributions to the retirement plans at rates ranging from 13% to 20% of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of the employees. A member of the plan is entitled to a pension equal to a fixed proportion of the salary prevailing at the member’s retirement date. Other than the above, the Group also participates in supplementary defined contribution retirement plans managed by independent external parties whereby the Group is required to make contributions to the retirement plans at fixed rates of the employees’ salaries, bonuses and certain allowances. The Group has no other material obligation for the payment of pension benefits associated with these plans beyond the annual contributions described above.

The Group’s contributions for the above plans for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 were RMB6,590 and RMB6,656 and RMB6,884 respectively.

The amount payable for contributions to the above defined contribution retirement plans as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 was RMB597 and RMB569 respectively.

35. STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS

The Group implemented a stock appreciation rights plan for members of its management to provide incentives to these employees. Under this plan, stock appreciation rights are granted in units with each unit representing one H share. No shares will be issued under the stock appreciation rights plan. Upon exercise of the stock appreciation rights, a recipient will receive, subject to any applicable withholding tax, a cash payment in RMB, translated from the Hong Kong dollar amount equal to the product of the number of stock appreciation rights exercised and the difference between the exercise price and market price of the Company’s H shares at the date of exercise based on the applicable exchange rate between RMB and Hong Kong dollar at the date of the exercise. The Company recognizes compensation expense of the stock appreciation rights over the applicable vesting period.

In 2012, the Company approved the granting of 916.7 million stock appreciation right units to eligible employees. Under the terms of this grant, all stock appreciation rights had an exercise price of HK$4.76 per unit. A recipient of stock appreciation rights may exercise the rights in stages commencing November 2013. As of November 2014, 2015 and 2016, the total number of stock appreciation rights exercisable may not in aggregate exceed 33.3%, 66.7% and 100.0%, respectively, of the total stock appreciation rights granted to such person.

All stock appreciation rights granted by the Company in 2012 expired in 2016. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, no stock appreciation right units were exercised. For the year ended December 31, 2016, compensation expense of RMB152 was reversed by the Group in respect of stock appreciation rights as a result of the expiration of the stock appreciation right units granted by the Company in 2012. For the year ended December 31, 2015, compensation expense of RMB102 was reversed by the Group in respect of stock appreciation rights as a result of decline in share price of the Company.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, no liability arising from stock appreciation rights was assumed by the Company.

36. PRINCIPAL SUBSIDIARIES

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries which principally affected the results, assets and liabilities of the Group as of December 31, 2017 are as follows:

Name of company	Type of legal entity	Date of incorporation	Place of incorporation and operation	Registered /issued capital (in RMB millions unless otherwise stated)		Principal             activities
China Telecom System Integration Co., Limited	Limited Company	September 13, 2001	PRC		542	Provision of system integration and consulting services

F-43

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

36. PRINCIPAL SUBSIDIARIES (continued)

Name of company	Type of legal entity	Date of incorporation	Place of incorporation and operation	Registered /issued capital (in RMB millions unless otherwise stated)		Principal             activities
China Telecom Global Limited	Limited Company	February 25, 2000	Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC		HK$168 million	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom (Americas) Corporation	Limited Company	November 22, 2001	The United States of America		US$43 million	Provision of telecommunications services
China Telecom Best Tone Information Service Co., Limited	Limited Company	August 15, 2007	PRC		350	Provision of Best Tone information services
China Telecom (Macau) Company Limited	Limited Company	October 15, 2004	Macau Special Administrative Region of the PRC		MOP60 million	Provision of telecommunications services
Tianyi Telecom Terminals Company Limited	Limited Company	July 1, 2005	PRC		500	Sales of telecommunications terminals
China Telecom (Singapore) Pte. Limited	Limited Company	October 5, 2006	Singapore		S$1,000,001	Provision of international value-added network services
E-surfing Pay Co., Ltd	Limited Company	March 3, 2011	PRC		500	Provision of e-commerce service
Shenzhen Shekou Telecommunications Company Limited	Limited Company	May 5, 1984	PRC		91	Provision of telecommunications services
China Telecom (Australia) Pty Ltd	Limited Company	January 10, 2011	Australia		AUD1 million	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom Korea Co.,Ltd	Limited Company	May 16, 2012	South Korea		KRW500 million	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom (Malaysia) SDN BHD	Limited Company	June 26, 2012	Malaysia		MYR3,723,500	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom Information Technology (Vietnam) Co., Ltd	Limited Company	July 9, 2012	Vietnam		VND10,500 million	Provision of international value-added network services

F-44

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

36. PRINCIPAL SUBSIDIARIES (continued)

Name of company	Type of legal entity	Date of incorporation	Place of incorporation and operation	Registered /issued capital (in RMB millions unless otherwise stated)		Principal             activities
iMUSIC Culture & Technology Co., Ltd.	Limited Company	June 9, 2013	PRC		250	Provision of music production and related information services
China Telecom (Europe) Limited	Limited Company	March 2, 2006	The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland		GBP16.15 million	Provision of international value-added network services
Zhejiang Yixin Technology Co., Ltd.	Limited Company	August 19, 2013	PRC		11	Provision of instant messenger service
Tianyi Capital Holding Co., Ltd.	Limited Company	November 30, 2017	PRC		5,000	Capital Investment and provision of consulting services

Except for Shenzhen Shekou Telecommunications Company Limited which is 51% owned by the Company and Zhejiang Yixin Technology Co., Ltd. which is 65% owned by the Company, all of the above subsidiaries are directly or indirectly wholly owned by the Company. No subsidiaries of the Group have material non-controlling interest.

37. ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS

The Group’s financial position and results of operations are sensitive to accounting methods, assumptions and estimates that underlie the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Management bases the assumptions and estimates on historical experience and on other factors that the management believes to be reasonable and which form the basis for making judgements about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates. Actual results may differ from those estimates as facts, circumstances and conditions change.

The selection of significant accounting policies, the judgements and other uncertainties affecting application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors to be considered when reviewing the consolidated financial statements. The significant accounting policies are set forth in Note 2. Management believes the following significant accounting policies involve the most significant judgements and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Allowance for doubtful debts

Management estimates an allowance for doubtful debts resulting from the inability of the customers to make the required payments. Management bases its estimates on the ageing of the accounts receivable balance, customer credit-worthiness, and historical write-off experience. If the financial condition of the customers were to deteriorate, actual write-offs might be higher than expected and could significantly affect the results of future periods.

F-45

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

37. ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS (continued)

Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets

If circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable, the asset may be considered “impaired”, and an impairment loss would be recognized in accordance with accounting policy for impairment of long-lived assets as described in Note 2(n). The carrying amounts of the Group’s long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, intangible assets with finite useful lives and construction in progress are reviewed periodically to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. These assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their recorded carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For goodwill, the impairment testing is performed annually at the end of each reporting period. The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its value in use and fair value less costs of disposal. When an asset does not generate cash flows largely independent of those from other assets, the recoverable amount is determined for the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows independently (i.e. a cash-generating unit). In determining the value in use, expected future cash flows generated by the assets are discounted to their present value. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. It is difficult to precisely estimate fair value of the Group’s long-lived assets because quoted market prices for such assets may not be readily available. In determining the value in use, expected future cash flows generated by the asset are discounted to their present value, which requires significant judgement relating to level of revenue, amount of operating costs and applicable discount rate. Management uses all readily available information in determining an amount that is a reasonable approximation of recoverable amount, including estimates based on reasonable and supportable assumptions and projections of revenue and amount of operating costs.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, provision for impairment loss of RMB10 was made against the carrying value of long-lived assets. For the year ended December 31, 2016, provision for impairment losses of RMB62 were made against the carrying value of long-lived assets. For the year ended December 31, 2015, provision for impairment losses of RMB51 were made against the carrying value of long-lived assets. In determining the recoverable amount of these equipment, significant judgements were required in estimating future cash flows, level of revenue, amount of operating costs and applicable discount rate.

Changes in these estimates could have a significant impact on the carrying value of the assets and could result in additional impairment charge or reversal of impairment in future periods.

Depreciation and amortization

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite useful lives are depreciated and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, after taking into account their estimated residual value. Management reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of the assets annually in order to determine the amount of depreciation and amortization expense to be recorded during any reporting period. The useful lives and residual values are based on the Group’s historical experience with similar assets and take into account anticipated technological changes. The depreciation and amortization expense for future periods is adjusted if there are significant changes from previous estimates.

Classification of lease arrangement with China Tower

The Company and China Tower entered into a lease arrangement regarding the leases of Tower Assets on July 8, 2016 and a supplemental agreement on February 1, 2018. Management evaluated the detailed clauses of the leases agreement and determined such lease arrangements as operating leases according to the accounting policies disclosed in Note 2(m) and based on the following judgements: (i) the Company does not expect any transfer of ownership of Tower Assets from China Tower by the end of the lease term; (ii) the Company considered the current lease term of 5 years does not account for the major part of the economic lives of Tower Assets; (iii) the present value of minimum lease payment at the inception of the lease does not substantially account for all of the fair value of the Tower Assets; and (iv) Tower Assets are compatible with all telecommunications operators, and therefore are not of specialized nature that only the Company can use them without major modifications.

F-46

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

38. POSSIBLE IMPACT OF AMENDMENTS TO STANDARDS , NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE FOR THE ANNUAL ACCOUNTING PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017

Up to the date of issue of these consolidated financial statements, the IASB has issued the following amendments to standards, new standards and interpretations which are not yet effective and not early adopted for the annual accounting period ended December 31, 2017:

	Effective for accounting period beginning on or after
IFRS 9, “Financial Instruments”	January 1, 2018
IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and the related Amendments	January 1, 2018
IFRIC 22, “Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration”	January 1, 2018
Amendments to IFRS 2, “Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions”	January 1, 2018
Amendments to IFRS 4, “Applying IFRS 9 Financial Instruments with IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts”	January 1, 2018
Amendments to IAS 40, “Transfers of Investment Property”	January 1, 2018
Amendments to IAS 28 as part of “Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2014-2016 Cycle”	January 1, 2018
IFRS 16, “Leases”	January 1, 2019
IFRIC 23 “Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments”	January 1, 2019
Amendments to IFRS 9 “Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation”	January 1, 2019
Amendments to IAS 28 “Long-term Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures”	January 1, 2019
Amendments to IFRSs “Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015-2017 Cycle”	January 1, 2019
Amendments to IAS 19, “Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement”	January 1, 2019
IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts”	January 1, 2021
Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28, “Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture”	A date to be determined

The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact that will result from adopting the amendments to standards, new standards and interpretations issued by the IASB which are not yet effective for the accounting period ended on December 31, 2017. Except for IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”, IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, and IFRS 16, “Leases”, so far the Group believes that the adoption of these amendments to standards, new standards and interpretations is unlikely to have a significant impact on its financial position and the results of operations.

IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”

IFRS 9 introduces new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets, financial liabilities, general hedge accounting and impairment requirements for financial assets.

Key requirements of IFRS 9 which are relevant to the Group are:

• IFRS 9 contains three principal classification categories for financial assets: measured at (1) amortised cost, (2) fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), and (3) fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”). Specifically:

• Debt investments that are held within a business model whose objective is to collect the contractual cash flows, and that have contractual terms that give rise on specific dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding are generally measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods. Debt investments that are held within a business model whose objective is achieved both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets, and that have contractual terms that give rise on specific dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, are generally measured at FVTOCI. Other debt investments are measured at FVTPL.

• For equity securities, the classification is FVTPL regardless of the entity’s business model. However, entities may make an irrecoverable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value of an equity investments (that is not held for trading) in other comprehensive income, with only dividend income generally recognized in profit or loss.

In relation to the impairment of financial assets, IFRS 9 requires an expected credit loss model, as opposed to an incurred credit loss model under IAS 39, “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement”. The expected credit loss model requires an entity to account for expected credit losses and changes in those expected credit losses at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition. In other words, it is no longer necessary for a credit event to have occurred before credit losses are recognized.

F-47

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

38. POSSIBLE IMPACT OF AMENDMENTS TO STANDARDS , NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE FOR THE ANNUAL ACCOUNTING PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017  (continued)

IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” (continued)

Based on the Group’s financial instruments and risk management policies as of December 31, 2017, the directors of the Company anticipate the following potential impact on initial application of IFRS 9:

Classification and measurement:

Listed equity securities classified as available-for-sale investments carried at fair value as disclosed in note 13: these securities qualified for designation as measured at FVTOCI under IFRS 9, however, the fair value gains accumulated in other reserves amounting to RMB674 as of January 1, 2018 will no longer be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss under IFRS 9, which is different from the current treatment. This will affect the amounts recognized in the Group’s profit or loss and other comprehensive income in the future, but will not affect total comprehensive income;

Equity securities classified as available-for-sale investments carried at cost less impairment as disclosed in note 13: these securities qualified for designation as measured at FVTOCI under IFRS 9 and the Group will measure these securities at fair value at the end of subsequent reporting periods with fair value gains or losses to be recognized as other comprehensive income and accumulated in other reserves. The directors of the Company anticipate that the remeasurement of these securities will not have significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements; and

Other financial assets and financial liabilities will continue to be measured on the same bases as are currently measured under IAS 39.

Impairment

In general, the directors of the Company anticipate that the application of the expected credit loss model of IFRS 9 will result in earlier recognition of credit losses which are not yet incurred in relation to the Group’s financial assets measured at amortized costs and other items that subject to the impairment provisions upon application of IFRS 9 by the Group.

Based on the assessment by the directors of the Company, if the expected credit loss model were to be applied by the Group, the accumulated amount of impairment loss to be recognized by the Group as of January 1, 2018 would be slightly increased as compared to the accumulated amount recognized under IAS 39 mainly attributable to expected credit losses provision on accounts receivable. Such further impairment recognized under expected credit loss model would reduce the opening retained earnings and increase the deferred tax assets as of January 1, 2018.

IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”

IFRS 15 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. IFRS 15 will supersede the current revenue recognition guidance including IAS 18, “Revenue”, IAS 11, “Construction Contracts” and the related interpretations when it becomes effective.

The core principle of IFRS 15 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. Specifically, the standard introduces a 5-step approach to revenue recognition:

• Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer

• Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract

• Step 3: Determine the transaction price

• Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

• Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

Under IFRS 15, an entity recognizes revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when ‘control’ of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to the customer.

F-48

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

38. POSSIBLE IMPACT OF AMENDMENTS TO STANDARDS , NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE FOR THE ANNUAL ACCOUNTING PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 (continued)

IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (continued)

Far more prescriptive guidance has been added in IFRS 15 to deal with specific scenarios. Furthermore, extensive disclosures are required by IFRS 15.

In April 2016, the IASB issued Clarifications to IFRS 15 in relation to the identification of performance obligations, principal versus agent considerations, as well as licensing application guidance.

The directors of the Company have assessed the impact on application of IFRS 15 to the Group’s consolidated financial statements as follows:

• Consideration payable to a customer will be accounted for as a reduction of the transaction price and, therefore, of revenue unless the payment to the customer is in exchange for a distinct good or service that the customer transfers to the entity and the fair value of the good or service received from the customer can be reasonably estimated. The directors of the Company have assessed that certain subsidies payable to third party agent incurred in respect of customer contracts, which will be ultimately enjoyed by end customers, may be qualified as consideration payable to customers under IFRS 15 and accounted for as a reduction of operating revenues. Such costs are generally expensed as incurred before the application of IFRS 15.

• The sales of terminal equipment and the provision of telecommunications services represent separate performance obligations from the Company’s sales of the promotional packages. Before the application of IFRS 15, the total contract consideration of a promotional package is allocated to revenues generated from the provision of telecommunications services and the sales of terminal equipment using the residual method as illustrated in Note 2(o), which is no longer applicable under IFRS 15. IFRS 15 requires entities to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The primary impact on revenue recognition will be that when the Company sells promotional packages, which involve the bundled sales of terminal equipment, to customers, revenue allocated to terminal equipment and recognized at contract inception, when control of the terminal equipment typically passes from the Company to the customer, will increase and revenue subsequently recognized as telecommunications services are delivered during the contract period will reduce.

• Certain incremental costs incurred in acquiring a contract with a customer will be deferred on the consolidated statement of financial position and amortized as revenue is recognized under the related contract. The directors of the Company have assessed that certain commissions incurred in obtaining customer contracts that payable to third party agents may be qualified as incremental costs under IFRS 15 and will be deferred on the consolidated statement of financial position and recognized as an expense when related revenue is recognized under the contract. Such costs are generally expensed as incurred before the application of IFRS 15.

The combined impact of the changes is expected to increase the gross profit recorded at inception on many customer contracts; in such cases, this will typically reduce the gross profit reported during the remainder of the contract term; however, these timing differences will not impact the total gross profit reported for a customer contract over the contract term.

Under the limited retrospective method, the Group applied the requirements to the open contracts existed at January 1, 2018, resulting in an increase to the opening retained earnings for 2018 ranging from approximately RMB3,500 to RMB4,000 for the cumulative effect of the change.

In addition, the application of IFRS 15 in the future may result in more disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 16, “Leases”

IFRS 16 introduces a comprehensive model for the identification of lease arrangements and accounting treatments for both lessors and lessees. IFRS 16 will supersede IAS 17, “Leases” and the related interpretations when it becomes effective.

F-49

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All Renminbi amounts in millions, except per share data and except otherwise stated)

38. POSSIBLE IMPACT OF AMENDMENTS TO STANDARDS , NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE FOR THE ANNUAL ACCOUNTING PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 (continued)

IFRS 16, “Leases” (continued)

IFRS 16 distinguishes lease and service contracts on the basis of whether an identified asset is controlled by a customer. Distinctions of operating leases and finance leases are removed for lessee accounting, and is replaced by a model where a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability have to be recognized for all leases by lessees, except for short-term leases and leases of low value assets.

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost (subject to certain exceptions) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. Subsequently, the lease liability is adjusted for interest and lease payments, as well as the impact of lease modifications, amongst others. Under the IFRS 16, lease payments in relation to lease liability will be allocated into a principal and an interest portion which will be presented as financing and operating cash flows, respectively, by the Group.

In contrast to lessee accounting, IFRS 16 substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements in IAS 17, and continues to require a lessor to classify a lease either as an operating lease or a finance lease.

Furthermore, extensive disclosures are required by IFRS 16.

The directors of the Company are in the process of making an assessment of the impact that will result from adopting IFRS 16. A preliminary assessment indicates that the Group will recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability in respect of all the operating leases unless they qualify for low value or short-term leases upon the application of IFRS 16. In addition, the application of new requirements may result in changes in measurement, presentation and disclosure as indicated above. However, it is not practicable to provide a reasonable estimate of the financial effect until the directors of the Company complete a detailed review.

39. PARENT AND ULTIMATE HOLDING COMPANY

The parent and ultimate holding company of the Company as of December 31, 2017 is China Telecommunications Corporation, a state-owned enterprise established in the PRC.

F-50

EX-1.1

Exhibit 1.1

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED

(The Articles of Association was prepared in Chinese and the English translation is not an official version and for your reference only. In case of any inconsistencies and discrepancies between the Chinese and the English versions, the Chinese version shall prevail)

(Inclusive of alterations approved by the shareholders’ general meeting up to 4 January 2018)

CONTENTS

CLAUSE			PAGE
	CHAPTER 1:	GENERAL PROVISIONS	1
	CHAPTER 2:	THE COMPANY’S OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF BUSINESS	3
	CHAPTER 3:	SHARES AND REGISTERED CAPITAL	5
	CHAPTER 4:	REDUCTION OF CAPITAL AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES	7
	CHAPTER 5:	FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE ACQUISITION OF SHARES	10
	CHAPTER 6:	SHARE CERTIFICATES AND REGISTER OF SHAREHOLDERS	12
	CHAPTER 7:	SHAREHOLDERS’ RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS	17
	CHAPTER 8:	SHAREHOLDERS’ GENERAL MEETINGS	19
	CHAPTER 9:	SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR VOTING BY A CLASS OF SHAREHOLDERS	28
	CHAPTER 10:	BOARD OF DIRECTORS	31
	CHAPTER 11:	SECRETARY OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS	37
	CHAPTER 12:	GENERAL MANAGER	39
	CHAPTER 13:	SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE	41
	CHAPTER 14:	THE QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES OF THE DIRECTORS, SUPERVISORS, GENERAL MANAGER AND OTHER SENIOR OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY	43
	CHAPTER 15:	FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS AND PROFIT DISTRIBUTION	50
	CHAPTER 16:	APPOINTMENT OF ACCOUNTANCY FIRM	53
	CHAPTER 17:	MERGER AND DIVISION OF THE COMPANY	56
	CHAPTER 18:	DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION	57
	CHAPTER 19:	PROCEDURES FOR AMENDMENT OF THE COMPANY’S ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION	60
	CHAPTER 20:	NOTICES	61
	CHAPTER 21:	DISPUTE RESOLUTION	62
	CHAPTER 22:	SUPPLEMENTARY	63

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. China Telecom Corporation Limited (the “Company”) is a joint stock limited company established in accordance with the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “Company Law”), the State Council’s Special Regulations Regarding the Issue of Shares Overseas and the Listing of Shares Overseas by Companies Limited by Shares (the “Special Regulations”) and other relevant laws and regulations of the State.

The Company was established by way of promotion with the approval of the State Economic and Trade Commission of the People’s Republic of China, as evidenced by approval document Guo Jing Mao Qi Gai [2002] no. 656. It is registered with and has obtained a business licence from the State Administration for Industry & Commerce of the People’s Republic of China on 10 September 2002. The Company’s unified social credit code is: 9111000071093019X7.

The promoter of the Company is: China Telecommunications Corporation.

Article 2. The Company’s registered Chinese name is: 中国电信股份有限公司

The Company’s registered English name is: China Telecom Corporation Limited.

Article 3.	The Company’s address	:	31 Jinrong Street
			Xicheng District
			Beijing
			China
	Postal code	:	100033
	Telephone number	:	5850-1800
	Facsimile number	:	6601-0728

Article 4. The Company’s legal representative is the Chairman of the board of directors of the Company.

Article 5. The Company is a joint stock limited company which has perpetual existence.

The rights and liability of a shareholder of the Company is limited to his share in the share capital of the Company, while the Company undertakes all of its liabilities with all of its assets.

The Company is an independent corporate legal person, and is subject to the jurisdiction of and protected by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China.

1

Article 6. The Company’s Articles of Association (the “Articles of Association” or “these Articles of Association”) are enacted in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law, the Special Regulations and the Mandatory Provisions for Articles of Association of Companies to be Listed Overseas (the “Mandatory Provisions”) and relevant provisions under the other PRC laws and administrative regulations.

Article 7. The original Articles of Association took effect from the date of incorporation of the Company.

These Articles of Association shall take effect after being adopted by a special resolution at the Company’s general meeting and upon approval by the authorities that are authorized by the State Council to examine and approve companies. After these Articles of Association come into effect, the original articles of association shall be superseded by these Articles of Association.

Article 8. From the date on which the Company’s Articles of Association comes into effect, the Company’s Articles of Association constitute the legally binding document that regulates the Company’s organization and activities, and the rights and obligations between the Company and each shareholder and among the shareholders.

Article 9. In accordance with the Company Law and the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (the“Party”), the Company shall set up Party organisations. The Party organisations shall perform the core leadership and political functions. The Company shall set up Party working organs, which shall be equipped with sufficient staff to handle Party affairs and provided with sufficient funds to operate the Party organisations.

Article 10. The Company’s Articles of Association are binding on the Company and its shareholders, directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior management personnel, all of whom may, according to the Company’s Articles of Association, assert rights in respect of the affairs of the Company.

Subject to non-contradiction to Chapter 21 of these Articles of Association, a shareholder may sue and vice versa be sued by the Company pursuant to the Company’s Articles of Association. A shareholder may also sue another shareholder, and may take action against the directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior officers of the Company pursuant to the Company’s Articles of Association.

The suit referred to in the preceding paragraph include court proceedings and an application to an arbitration tribunal to commence arbitration proceedings.

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Article 11. The Company may invest in other limited liability companies or joint stock limited companies. The Company’s liabilities to an invested company shall be limited to the amount of its capital contribution to the investee company.

The Company shall not be a shareholder with unlimited liabilities of any other organisations operating for profits.

The Company may, according to its operating and management needs, operate as a holding company in accordance with the law.

Article 12. Subject to compliance with PRC laws and administrative regulations, the Company shall have the right to raise funds, including (but not limited to) loans and company bonds, etc and shall have the right to charge or pledge its assets.

CHAPTER 2: THE COMPANY’S OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF BUSINESS

Article 13. The Company’s objectives are: comply with State laws and regulations, be market driven, actively adopt advanced communications technologies, and develop telecommunications and information businesses; strengthen management and increase service quality; provide fast, convenient and accurate communication services to society and satisfy the needs of society; improve enterprise efficiency, increase enterprise competitiveness and create profits for shareholders.

Article 14. The Company’s scope of business shall be consistent with and subject to the scope of business approved by the authority responsible for the registration of the Company.

Basic telecommunications businesses include:

Engage in second generation 800MHz CDMA digital cellular mobile communications business, third generation CDMA2000 digital cellular mobile communications business and the LTE/4G digital cellular mobile communications business (TD-LTE/LTE FDD) in the People’s Republic of China.

Engage in local fixed telephone business (including local wireless ring circuit business), domestic fixed long-distance telephone business, international fixed long-distance telephone business, IP telephone (limited to Phone-to-Phone telephone service) business, satellite international private line business, Internet data transfer business, international data communications business, public telegraph and subscriber telegraph business, 26GHz wireless access business, and domestic communications facilities servicing business in the 21 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang.

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Engage in 3.5GHz wireless access business in Nanjing, Hefei, Kunming, Hubei, Hunan, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Gansu.

Value-added telecommunications businesses include:

Engage in domestic Very Small Aperture Terminal communications business, domestic fixed data transfer business, Customer Premises Network (CPN) business, network hosting business (by reference to value-added telecommunications business management) under Type 2 basic telecommunications businesses in the 21 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang; Internet data centre business, domestic Internet virtual private network business, Internet access services business under Type 1 value-added telecommunications businesses; online data processing and transaction processing business, storage and forwarding business, domestic call centre business, information services business and wireless data transmission business under Type 2 value-added telecommunications businesses; engage in information services business under Type 2 value-added telecommunications businesses (limited to mobile information services) in the 10 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Henan and Tibet.

IPTV transmission services: provide signal transmission and the relevant technical support between the IPTV integrated broadcast and control platforms and TV user terminals; the transmission network is built upon the fixed telecommunications network (including the Internet) to set up networks which are exclusive for the transmission of IPTV signals; the IPTV transmission services are conducted in defined territories.

Internet mapping services.

Engage in music entertainment products, gaming products (including the issuance of online game virtual currency), art, drama performances (programs), shows, and animation products through information network; and undertake the exhibitions and competition campaigns in relation to the network culture products.

General businesses include:

Engage in system integration, technology development, technical services, technology consulting, information consulting, the manufacture, sale, installation, design and construction of equipment, computer hardware and software in connection with communications and information businesses; leasing of properties, leasing of communications facilities; design, construction and repair of safety technologies and security systems; advertising.

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Article 15. The Company may, based on its business development needs, establish wholly-owned subsidiaries, controlled subsidiaries, branches, representative offices and other branch organisations.

Based on its business development needs and upon approval of the relevant governmental authorities, the Company may adjust its scope of business and manner of operation from time to time, and may establish branch organisations and/or representative offices (irrespective of whether controlled or owned by it) in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macau Special Administrative Region and the Taiwan Region.

CHAPTER 3: SHARES AND REGISTERED CAPITAL

Article 16. There must, at all times, be ordinary shares in the Company. The ordinary shares issued by the Company include domestic-invested shares and foreign-invested shares. Subject to the approval by the authorities that are authorised by the State Council to examine and approve companies, the Company may, according to its requirements, create different classes of shares.

Article 17. The shares issued by the Company shall each have a par value of Renminbi one (1.00) yuan.

“Renminbi” referred to in the previous paragraph means the legal currency of the PRC.

Article 18. Subject to the approval of the securities authority of the State Council, the Company may issue shares to Domestic Investors and Foreign Investors.

“Foreign Investors” referred to in the previous paragraph mean those investors who subscribe for the shares issued by the Company and who are located in foreign countries and in the regions of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. “Domestic Investors” mean those investors who subscribe for the shares issued by the Company within the territory of the PRC who are located outside of the jurisdictions mentioned above.

Article 19. Shares which the Company issues to Domestic Investors for subscription in Renminbi shall be referred to as “Domestic Shares”. Shares which the Company issues to Foreign Investors for subscription in foreign currencies shall be referred to as “Foreign-Invested Shares”. Foreign-Invested Shares which are listed overseas are called “Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares”. Both holders of Domestic Shares and holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares are holders of ordinary shares, and have the same obligations and rights.

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“Foreign currencies” mean the legal currencies (other than the RMB) of countries or districts outside the PRC which are recognised by the foreign exchange authority of the State and which can be used to pay the share price to the Company.

Article 20. Foreign-Invested Shares issued by the Company and which are listed in Hong Kong shall be referred to as “H Shares”. H Shares are shares which have been admitted for listing on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Stock Exchange”), the par value of which is denominated in Renminbi and which are subscribed for and traded in Hong Kong dollars.

Article 21. By the approval of the authorities that are authorised by the State Council to examine and approve companies, the Company issue a total of 80,932,368,321 ordinary shares, of which 68,317,270,803 were issued to the promoter of the Company at the time when the Company was established, representing 84.41% of the issued ordinary share capital.

Article 22. All the 12,615,097,518 ordinary shares issued by the Company after its incorporation are the overseas-listed foreign-invested shares (H Shares). Pursuant to the Provisional Measures on the Administration of the Reduction of the State-Owned Shares for Raising Social Security Funds, the number of overseas-listed foreign-invested shares (H Shares) converted from a reduction by holders of State-owned shares of their shareholdings of the State-owned shares amounted to 1,262,312,482 shares. The total number of the overseas-listed foreign-invested shares (H Shares) issued by the Company shall be 13,877,410,000 shares, representing 17.15% of the issued ordinary share capital of the Company.

The share capital structure of the Company is as follows: there are a total of 80,932,368,321 ordinary shares issued, of which 57,377,053,317 shares are held by the promoter, China Telecommunications Corporation, representing 70.89% of the total of the ordinary shares issued by the Company. The other holders of the domestic shares are Guangdong Rising Assets Management Co., Ltd., who holds a total of 5,614,082,653 shares representing 6.94% of the total ordinary shares issued by the Company, Jiangsu Guoxin Investment Group Co., Ltd., who holds a total of 957,031,543 shares representing 1.18% of the total ordinary shares issued by the Company, Zhejiang Financial Development Company, who holds a total of 2,137,473,626 shares representing 2.64% of the total ordinary shares issued by the Company and Fujian Investment & Development Group Co., Ltd, who holds a total of 969,317,182 shares representing 1.20% of the total ordinary shares issued by the Company. A total of 13,877,410,000 shares are held by holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares (H shares), representing 17.15% of the total ordinary shares issued by the Company.

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Article 23. The Company’s board of directors may take all necessary action for the issuance of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares and Domestic Shares separately after proposals for issuance of the same have been approved by the securities authority of the State Council.

The Company may implement its proposal to separately issue Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares and Domestic Shares pursuant to the preceding paragraph within fifteen (15) months from the date of approval by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”).

Article 24. Where the total number of shares stated in the proposal for the separate issuance of shares includes Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares and Domestic Shares, such shares should be fully subscribed for at their respective offerings. If the shares cannot be fully subscribed for all at once due to special circumstances, the shares may, subject to the approval of the securities authority of the State Council, be issued in separate Offerings.

Article 25. The registered capital of the Company is RMB 80,932,368,321.

Article 26. The Company may, based on its operating and development needs, authorize the increase of its capital pursuant to the Company’s Articles of Association.

The Company may increase its capital in the following ways:

(1) by offering new shares for subscription by unspecified investors;

(2) by issuing new shares to its existing shareholders;

(3) by allotting bonus shares to its existing shareholders;

(4) by any other means which is permitted by law and administrative regulations.

After the Company’s increase of share capital by way of the issuance of new shares has been approved in accordance with the provisions of the Company’s Articles of Association, the issuance thereof should be made in accordance with the procedures set out in the relevant State laws and administrative regulations.

Article 27. Except as otherwise provided for by law and administrative regulations, shares of the Company shall be without lien and be freely transferable.

CHAPTER 4: REDUCTION OF CAPITAL AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES

Article 28. According to the provisions of the Company’s Articles of Association, the Company may reduce its registered capital.

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Article 29. The Company must prepare a balance sheet and an inventory of assets when it reduces its registered capital.

The Company shall notify its creditors within ten (10) days of the date of the Company’s resolution for reduction of capital and shall publish an announcement in a newspaper within thirty (30) days of the date of such resolution. A creditor has the right within thirty (30) days of receipt of the notice from the Company or, in the case of a creditor who does not receive such notice, within ninety (90) days of the date of the public announcement, to require the Company to repay its debts or to provide a corresponding guarantee for such debt.

The Company’s registered capital may not, after the reduction in capital, be less than the minimum amount prescribed by law.

Article 30. The Company may, in accordance with the procedures set out in the Company’s Articles of Association and with the approval of the relevant governing authority of the State, repurchase its issued shares under the following circumstances:

(1) cancellation of shares for the purposes of reducing its capital;

(2) merging with another company that holds shares in the Company;

(3) other circumstances permitted by laws and administrative regulations.

The Company’s repurchase of its issued shares shall comply with the provisions of Articles 31 to 34.

Article 31. The Company may repurchase shares in one of the following ways, with the approval of the relevant governing authority of the State:

(1) by making a general offer for the repurchase of shares to all its shareholders on a pro rata basis;

(2) by repurchasing shares through public dealing on a stock exchange;

(3) by repurchasing shares outside of the stock exchange by means of an agreement.

Article 32. The Company must obtain the prior approval of the shareholders in a general meeting (in the manner stipulated in the Company’s Articles of Association) before it can repurchase shares outside of the stock exchange by means of an agreement. The Company may, by obtaining the prior approval of the shareholders in a general meeting in the same manner as described above cancel, release, vary or waive its rights under an agreement which has been so entered into.

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An agreement for the repurchase shares referred to in the preceding paragraph includes (but is not limited to) an agreement to become liable to repurchase shares or an agreement to acquire the right to repurchase shares.

The Company may not assign an agreement for the repurchase of its shares or any right contained in such an agreement.

Article 33. Shares which have been legally repurchased by the Company shall be cancelled within the period prescribed by law and administrative regulations, and the Company shall apply to the original companies registration authority for registration of the change in its registered capital and make a public announcement.

The aggregate par value of the cancelled shares shall be deducted from the Company’s registered share capital.

Article 34. Unless the Company is in the course of liquidation, it must comply with the following provisions in relation to the repurchase of its issued shares:

(1) where the Company repurchases shares at par value, payment shall be made out of carrying amount of the distributable profits of the Company or out of proceeds of a new issue of shares made for that purpose;

(2) where the Company repurchases shares of the Company at a premium to the par value of its shares payment up to the par value may be made out of the carrying amount of the distributable profits of the Company or out of the proceeds of a new issue of shares made for that purpose. Payment of the portion in excess of the par value shall be effected as follows:

(i) if the shares being repurchased were issued at par value, payment shall be made out of the carrying amount of the distributable profits of the Company;

(ii) if the shares being repurchased were issued at a premium to their par value, payment shall be made out of the carrying amount of the distributable profits of the Company or out of the proceeds of a new issue of shares made for that purpose, provided that the amount paid out of the proceeds of the new issue shall not exceed the aggregate amount of premiums received by the Company on the issue of the shares repurchased nor shall it exceed the book value of the Company’s capital common reserve fund account (including the premiums on the new issue of shares) at the time of the repurchase;

(3) Funds used by the Company for the following purposes should be paid out of the Company’s distributable profits:

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(i) payment for the acquisition of the right to repurchase the Company’s own shares;

(ii) payment for variation of any contract for the repurchase of the Company’s shares;

(iii) payment for the release of the Company’s obligation(s) under any contract for the repurchase of its shares;

(4) after the Company’s registered capital has been reduced by the aggregate par value of the cancelled shares in accordance with the relevant provisions, the amount deducted from the distributable profits of the Company for payment of the par value of shares which have been repurchased shall be transferred to the Company’s capital common reserve fund account.

CHAPTER 5: FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE ACQUISITION OF SHARES

Article 35. The Company or its subsidiaries shall not, at any time, provide any form of financial assistance to a person who is acquiring or intends to acquire shares in the Company. Such persons aforementioned shall include those who directly or indirectly incur any obligation as a result of the acquisition of shares in the Company (the “Obligor”).

At no time shall the Company or its subsidiaries provide any form of financial assistance to the Obligor aforementioned for the purposes of reducing or discharging the obligations assumed by him.

This Article shall not apply to the circumstances specified in Article 37 of this Chapter.

Article 36. For the purposes of this Chapter, “financial assistance” includes (without limitation) the following:

(1) gift;

(2) guarantee (including the assumption of liability by the guarantor or the provision of assets by the guarantor to secure the performance of Obligor’s obligations), compensation (other than compensation payable by the Company’s due to its own default) or release or waiver of any rights;

(3) provision of loans or entering into any agreement under which the obligations of the Company are to be performed prior to the obligations of another party, or the change in parties to, or the assignment of rights under, such loan or agreement;

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(4) any other form of financial assistance given by the Company when the Company is insolvent or has no net assets or where its net assets would thereby be reduced to a material extent.

For the purposes of this Chapter, “assumption of obligations” includes the assumption of obligations by way of contract or by way of arrangement (irrespective of whether such contract or arrangement is enforceable or not and irrespective of whether such obligation is to be borne solely by the Obligor or jointly with other persons), or by any other means which results in a change in his financial position.

Article 37. The following actions shall not be deemed to be activities prohibited by Article 35 of this Chapter:

(1) the provision of financial assistance by the Company where the financial assistance is given in good faith in the interests of the Company, and the principal purpose of such provision is not for the acquisition of shares in the Company, or the giving of the financial assistance is an incidental part of certain projects of the Company;

(2) the lawful distribution of the Company’s assets by way of dividend;

(3) the allotment of bonus shares as dividends;

(4) a reduction of registered capital, a repurchase of shares of the Company or a reorganisation of the share capital structure of the Company effected in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association;

(5) within its ordinary course of its business, where the lending of money is for the ordinary business activities of the Company (provided that the net assets of the Company are not thereby reduced or that, to the extent that the assets are thereby reduced, the financial assistance is provided out of distributable profits);

(6) contributions made by the Company to employee share ownership schemes (provided that the net assets of the Company are not thereby reduced or that, to the extent that the assets are thereby reduced, the financial assistance is provided out of distributable profits).

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CHAPTER 6: SHARE CERTIFICATES AND REGISTER OF SHAREHOLDERS

Article 38. Share certificates of the Company shall be in registered form.

The share certificate of the Company shall contain following main particulars:

(1) the name of the Company;

(2) the date of incorporation of the Company;

(3) the class of shares, par value and number of shares it represents;

(4) the share certificate number;

(5) other matters required to be stated therein by the Company Law, Special Regulations and the stock exchange(s) on which the Company’s shares are listed.

Article 39. Share certificates of the Company may be assigned, given as a gift, inherited or charged in accordance with relevant provisions of laws, administrative regulations and these Articles of Association.

For assignment and transfer of shares, relevant registration of the share certificates shall be carried out with the share registration institution authorized by the Company.

Article 40. Share certificates of the Company shall be signed by the Chairman of the Company’s board of directors. Where the stock exchange(s) on which the Company’s shares are listed require other senior officer(s) of the Company to sign on the share certificates, the share certificates shall also be signed by such senior officer(s). The share certificates shall take effect after being affixed with the seal of the Company (including the securities seal of the Company) or having the seal printed thereon. The share certificate shall be imprinted with the seal of the Company or the securities seal of the Company under the authorization of the board of directors. The signatures of the Chairman of the board of directors or other senior officer(s) of the Company may be printed in mechanical form.

Article 41. The Company shall keep a register of shareholders, which shall contain the following particulars:

(1) the name (title) and address (residence), the occupation or nature of each shareholder;

(2) the class and quantity of shares held by each shareholder;

(3) the amount of capital paid-up on or agreed to be paid-up on the shares held by each shareholder;

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(4) the share certificate number(s) of the shares held by each shareholder;

(5) the date on which each person was entered in the register as a shareholder;

(6) the date on which any shareholder ceased to be a shareholder.

Unless there is evidence to the contrary, the register of shareholders shall be sufficient evidence of the shareholders’ shareholdings in the Company.

Article 42. The Company may, in accordance with the mutual understanding and agreements made between the securities authority of the State Council and overseas securities regulatory organisations, maintain the register of shareholders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares overseas and appoint overseas agent(s) to manage such register of shareholders. The original register for holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares listed in Hong Kong shall be maintained in Hong Kong.

A duplicate register of shareholders for the holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares shall be maintained at the Company’s registered address. The appointed overseas agent(s) shall ensure consistency between the original and the duplicate register of shareholders at all times.

If there is any inconsistency between the original and the duplicate register of shareholders for the holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares, the original register of shareholders shall prevail.

Article 43. The Company shall have a complete register of shareholders which shall comprise the following parts:

(1) the part of the register of shareholders which is maintained at the Company’s registered address (other than those share registers which are described in sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) of this Article);

(2) the part(s) of the register of shareholders in respect of the holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares of the Company which are maintained in the same location as the overseas stock exchange on which the shares are listed; and

(3) the part(s) of the register of shareholders which are maintained in such other location as the board of directors considers necessary for the purposes of the listing of the Company’s shares.

Article 44. Different parts of the register of shareholders shall not overlap. No transfer of any shares registered in any part of the register shall, during the continuance of that registration, be registered in any other part of the register.

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All Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares listed in Hong Kong which have been fully paid-up may be freely transferred in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association. However, unless such transfer complies with the following requirements, the board of directors may refuse to recognise any instrument of transfer and would not need to provide any reason therefor:

(1) a fee of HK$2.50 per instrument of transfer or such higher amount agreed from time to time by the Stock Exchange for the registration of the instrument of transfer and other documents relating to or which affect the right of ownership of the shares;

(2) the instrument of transfer only relates to Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares listed in Hong Kong;

(3) the stamp duty which is chargeable on the instrument of transfer has been duly paid;

(4) the relevant share certificate(s) and any other evidence which the board of directors may reasonably require to show that the transferor has the right to transfer the shares have been provided;

(5) if it is intended that the shares be transferred to joint owners, the maximum number of joint owners shall not be more than four (4); and

(6) the Company does not have any lien on the relevant shares.

The transfer of Overseas-Listed Foreign Invested Shares in the Company listed in Hong Kong shall be in writing on normal or standard instruments of transfer or on a form acceptable to the Board of Directors; and such transfer instrument can be signed only by hand or, if the transferor or transferee is a securities clearing institution or its representative recognised in accordance with section 37 of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Hong Kong Law Chapter 571), signed by hand or signed in printed mechanical form. All the transfer instruments shall be maintained in the legal address of the Company or other place the Board of Directors may designate from time to time.

Any change or correction to various parts of the register of shareholders shall be carried out in accordance with the law of the place where such parts of the register of shareholders are maintained.

Article 45. No change may be made to the register of shareholders as a result of a transfer of shares within thirty (30) days prior to the date of a shareholders’ general meeting or within five (5) days before the record date for the Company’s distribution of dividends.

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Article 46. When the Company needs to determine the rights attaching to shares in the Company for the purposes of convening a shareholders’ meeting, for dividend distribution, for liquidation or for any other purpose which requires such determination, the board of directors shall decide on a date for the determination of rights attaching to shares in the Company. The shareholders of the Company shall be such persons who appear in the register of shareholders at the close of such determination date.

Article 47. Any person aggrieved and claiming to be entitled to have his name (title) entered in or removed from the register of shareholders may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction for rectification of the register.

Article 48. Any person who is a registered shareholder or who claims to be entitled to have his name (title) entered in the register of shareholders in respect of shares in the Company may, if his share certificate (the “original certificate”) relating to the shares is lost, apply to the Company for a replacement share certificate in respect of such shares (the “Relevant Shares”).

Application by a holder of Domestic Shares, who has lost his share certificate, for a replacement share certificate shall be dealt with in accordance with the requirements of the Company Law.

Application by a holder of Overseas-Listed Foreign Shares, who has lost his share certificate, for a replacement share certificate may be dealt with in accordance with the law of the place where the original register of shareholders of holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares is maintained, the rules of the stock exchange or other relevant regulations.

The issue of a replacement share certificate to a holder of H Shares, who has lost his share certificate, shall comply with the following requirements:

(1) The applicant shall submit an application to the Company in a prescribed form accompanied by a notarial certificate or a statutory declaration, stating the grounds upon which the application is made, the circumstances and evidence of the loss, and declaring that no other person is entitled to have his name entered in the register of shareholders in respect of the Relevant Shares.

(2) The Company has not received any declaration made by any person other than the applicant declaring that his name shall be entered into the register of shareholders in respect of such shares before it decides to issue a replacement share certificate to the applicant.

(3) The Company shall, if it intends to issue a replacement share certificate, publish a notice of its intention to do so at least once every thirty (30) days within a period of ninety (90) consecutive days in such newspapers as may be prescribed by the board of directors.

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(4) The Company shall, prior to publication of its intention to issue a replacement share certificate, deliver to the stock exchange on which its shares are listed, a copy of the announcement to be published and may publish the announcement upon receipt of confirmation from such stock exchange that the announcement has been exhibited in the premises of the stock exchange. Such announcement shall be exhibited in the premises of the stock exchange for a period of ninety (90) days.

In the case of an application which is made without the consent of the registered holder of the Relevant Shares, the Company shall deliver by mail to such registered shareholder a copy of the announcement to be published.

(5) If, by the expiration of the 90-day period referred to in paragraphs (3) and (4) of this Article, the Company has not received any objection from any person in respect of the issuance of the replacement share certificate, it may issue a replacement share certificate to the applicant pursuant to his application.

(6) Where the Company issues a replacement share certificate pursuant to this Article, it shall forthwith cancel the original share certificate and document the cancellation of the original share certificate and issuance of a replacement share certificate in the register of shareholders accordingly.

(7) All expenses relating to the cancellation of an original share certificate and the issuance of a replacement share certificate shall be borne by the applicant and the Company is entitled to refuse to take any action until reasonable security is provided by the applicant therefor.

Article 49. Where the Company issues a replacement share certificate pursuant to the Company’s Articles of Association and a bona fide purchaser acquires such shares or where a shareholder subsequently becomes a registered shareholder of the Relevant Shares (and such shareholder being a bona fide purchaser), his name (title) shall not be removed from the register of shareholders.

Article 50. The Company shall not be liable for any damages sustained by any person by reason of the cancellation of the original share certificate or the issuance of the replacement share certificate unless the claimant is able to prove that the Company has acted in a deceitful manner.

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CHAPTER 7: SHAREHOLDERS’ RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS

Article 51. A shareholder of the Company is a person who lawfully holds shares in the Company and whose name (title) is entered in the register of shareholders.

A shareholder shall enjoy rights and assume obligations according to the class and amount of shares held by him; shareholders who hold shares of the same class shall enjoy the same rights and assume the same obligations.

In the case of the joint shareholders, if one of the joint shareholders is deceased, only the other existing shareholders of the joint shareholders shall be deemed as the persons who have the ownership of the relevant shares. But the board of directors has the power to require them to provide a certificate of death acceptable to it for the purpose of modifying the register of shareholders. For joint shareholders of any shares, only the joint shareholder whose name appears first in the register of shareholders shall have the right to receive certificates of the relevant shares, receive notices of the Company, and attend and vote at shareholders’ general meetings of the Company. Any notice which is delivered to the shareholder shall be considered as all the joint shareholders of the relevant shares who have been delivered.

Article 52. The holders of ordinary shares of the Company shall enjoy the following rights:

(1) the right to receive dividends and other distributions in proportion to the number of shares held;

(2) the right to attend or appoint a proxy to attend shareholders’ general meetings and to vote thereat;

(3) the right of supervisory management over the Company’s business operations and the right to present proposals or to raise queries;

(4) the right to transfer shares in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and provisions of the Company’s Articles of Association;

(5) the right to obtain relevant information in accordance with the provisions of the Company’s Articles of Association, including:

(i) the right to obtain a copy of the Company’s Articles of Association, subject to payment of costs;

(ii) the right to inspect and copy, subject to payment of a reasonable fee:

(a) all parts of the register of shareholders;

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(b) personal particulars of each of the Company’s directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior officers, including:

(aa) present and former name and alias;

(bb) principal address (place of residence);

(cc) nationality;

(dd) primary and all other part-time occupations and duties;

(ee) identification documents and the numbers thereof;

(c) report on the state of the Company’s share capital;

(d) reports showing the aggregate par value, quantity, highest and lowest price paid in respect of each class of shares repurchased by the Company since the end of the last accounting year and the aggregate amount paid by the Company for this purpose;

(e) minutes of shareholders’ general meetings;

(6) in the event of the termination or liquidation of the Company, the right to participate in the distribution of surplus assets of the Company in accordance with the number of shares held;

(7) other rights conferred by laws, administrative regulations and the Company’s Articles of Association.

Article 53. The ordinary shareholders of the Company shall assume the following obligations:

(1) to comply with the Company’s Articles of Association;

(2) to pay subscription monies according to the number of shares subscribed and the method of subscription;

(3) other obligations imposed by laws, administrative regulations and the Company’s Articles of Association.

Shareholders are not liable to make any further contribution to the share capital other than according to the terms which were agreed by the subscriber of the relevant shares at the time of subscription.

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Article 54. In addition to the obligations imposed by laws and administrative regulations or required by the listing rules of the stock exchange on which the Company’s shares are listed, a controlling shareholder shall not exercise his voting rights in respect of the following matters in a manner prejudicial to the interests of all or part of the shareholders of the Company:

(1) to relieve a director or supervisor of his duty to act honestly in the best interests of the Company;

(2) to approve the expropriation by a director or supervisor (for his own benefit or for the benefit of another person) of the Company’s assets in any way, including (but not limited to) opportunities which are beneficial to the Company;

(3) to approve the expropriation by a director or supervisor (for his own benefit or for the benefit of another person) of the individual rights of other shareholders, including (but not limited to) rights to distributions and voting rights (save pursuant to a restructuring which has been submitted for approval by the shareholders in a general meeting in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association).

Article 55. For the purpose of the above Article, a “controlling shareholder” means a person who satisfies any one of the following conditions:

(1) a person who, acting alone or in concert with others, has the power to elect more than half of the board of directors;

(2) a person who, acting alone or in concert with others, has the power to exercise or to control the exercise of 30% or more of the voting rights in the Company;

(3) a person who, acting alone or in concert with others, holds 30% or more of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company;

(4) a person who, acting alone or in concert with others, has de facto control of the Company in any other way.

CHAPTER 8: SHAREHOLDERS’ GENERAL MEETINGS

Article 56. The shareholders’ general meeting is the organ of authority of the Company and shall exercise its functions and powers in accordance with the law.

Article 57. The shareholders’ general meeting shall have the following functions and powers:

(1) to decide on the Company’s operational policies and investment plans;

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(2) to elect and replace directors and to decide on matters relating to the remuneration of directors;

(3) to elect and replace supervisors who represent the shareholders and to decide on matters relating to the remuneration of the relevant supervisors;

(4) to examine and approve the board of directors’ reports;

(5) to examine and approve the supervisory committee’s reports;

(6) to examine and approve the Company’s annual financial budgets and final accounts;

(7) to examine and approve the Company’s profit distribution plans and loss recovery plans;

(8) to decide on the increase or reduction of the Company’s registered capital;

(9) to decide on matters such as merger, division, dissolution and liquidation of the Company;

(10) to decide on the issue of debentures by the Company;

(11) to decide on the appointment, dismissal and non-reappointment of the accountancy firms of the Company;

(12) to amend the Company’s Articles of Association;

(13) to consider motions raised by shareholders who represent 5% or more of the total number of voting shares of the Company;

(14) to decide on other matters which, according to law, administrative regulation or the Company’s Articles of Association, need to be approved by shareholders in general meetings;

The shareholders in a general meeting may authorize or delegate to the board of directors to carry out matters that are authorised by them or may delegate the implementation of such matters to the board of directors.

Article 58. The Company shall not, without the prior approval of shareholders in a general meeting, enter into any contract with any person (other than a director, supervisor, general manager and other senior officers) pursuant to which such person shall be responsible for the management and administration of the whole or the material part of the businesses of the Company.

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Article 59. Shareholders’ general meetings consist of annual general meetings and extraordinary general meetings. Shareholders’ general meetings shall be convened by the board of directors. Annual general meetings are held once every year and within six (6) months from the end of the preceding accounting year.

The board of directors shall convene an extraordinary general meeting within two (2) months of the occurrence of any one of the following events:

(1) where the number of directors is fewer than the number required by the Company Law or less than two-thirds of the number of directors specified in the Company’s Articles of Association;

(2) where the unrecovered losses of the Company amount to one-third of the total amount of its share capital;

(3) where shareholder(s) holding 10% or more of the Company’s issued and outstanding voting shares request(s) in writing for the convening of an extraordinary general meeting;

(4) whenever the board of directors deems necessary or the supervisory committee so requests;

(5) whenever two or more independent directors so request.

Article 60. When the Company convenes a shareholders’ general meeting, written notice of the meeting shall be given forty-five (45) days before the date of the meeting (inclusive of the day on which the meeting is held) to notify all of the shareholders whose names appear in the share register of the matters to be considered and the date and place of the meeting. A shareholder who intends to attend the meeting shall deliver to the Company his written reply concerning his attendance at such meeting twenty (20) days before the date of the meeting.

Article 61. When the Company convenes a shareholders’ annual general meeting, shareholder(s) holding 5% or more of the total voting shares of the Company shall have the right to propose new motions in writing, and the Company shall place such proposed motions on the agenda for such annual general meeting if they are matters falling within the functions and powers of shareholders in general meetings.

Article 62. The Company shall, based on the written replies that it receives from the shareholders twenty (20) days before the date of the shareholders’ general meeting, calculate the number of voting shares represented by the shareholders who intend to attend the meeting. If the number of voting shares represented by the shareholders who intend to attend the meeting amounts to more than one-half of the Company’s total voting shares, the Company may hold the meeting; if not, then the Company shall, within five (5) days, notify the shareholders by way of public announcement the matters to be considered at, and the place and date for, the meeting. The Company may then hold the meeting after publication of such announcement.

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A shareholders’ extraordinary general meeting shall not decide on any matter not stated in the notice for the meeting.

Article 63. A notice of a meeting of the shareholders of the Company shall satisfy the following criteria:

(1) be in writing;

(2) specify the place, date and time of the meeting;

(3) state the matters to be discussed at the meeting;

(4) provide such information and explanation as are necessary for the shareholders to make an informed decision on the proposals put before them. This principle shall apply to (but not limited to) situations where a proposal is made for the merger of the Company with another, to repurchase the shares of the Company, to reorganize the Company’s share capital, or to restructure the Company in any other way. The specific terms of the proposed transaction must be provided together with copies of the proposed agreement, if any, and the cause and effect of such proposal must be properly explained;

(5) contain a disclosure of the nature and extent, if any, of the material interests of any director, supervisor, general manager and other senior officers in the proposed transaction, and where the effect which the proposed transaction will have on such persons in their capacity as shareholders is different from the effect on the interests of shareholders of the same class, an explanation shall be given on such differences;

(6) contain the full text of any special resolution to be proposed for adoption at the meeting;

(7) contain a conspicuous statement that a shareholder entitled to attend and vote at such meeting is entitled to appoint one (1) or more proxies to attend and vote at such meeting on his behalf and that such proxy(ies) need not be a shareholder;

(8) specify the time and place for lodging proxy forms for the relevant meeting.

Article 64. Notice of shareholders’ general meetings shall be served on each shareholder (regardless of whether such shareholder is entitled to vote at the meeting), by personal delivery or prepaid airmail to the address of the shareholder as shown in the register of shareholders. For the holders of Domestic Shares, notice of the meetings may also be issued by way of public announcement.

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The public announcement referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be published in one (1) or more national newspapers designated by the securities authority of the State Council within the interval of forty-five (45) days to fifty (50) days before the date of the meeting; after the publication of such announcement, the holders of Domestic Shares shall be deemed to have received the notice of the relevant shareholders’ general meeting.

Article 65. The accidental omission to give notice of a meeting to, or the failure to receive the notice of a meeting by, any person entitled to receive such notice shall not invalidate the meeting and the resolutions adopted thereat.

Article 66. Any shareholder who is entitled to attend and vote at a general meeting of the Company shall be entitled to appoint one (1) or more persons (such person(s) does not have to be a shareholder) as his proxy(ies) to attend and vote on his behalf, and a proxy(ies) so appointed shall be entitled to exercise the following rights in accordance with the authorization from that shareholder:

(1) the shareholders’ right to speak at the meeting;

(2) the right to demand or join in demanding a poll;

(3) the right to vote by hand or on a poll, but a proxy of a shareholder who has appointed more than one (1) proxy may only vote on a poll.

Where any member, under the Listing Rules, is required to abstain from voting on any particular resolution or is restricted to voting only for or only against any particular resolution, any votes cast by or on behalf of such member in contravention of such requirement or restriction shall not be counted.

Article 67. The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing under the hand of the appointer or his attorney duly authorized in writing, or if the appointer is a legal entity, such instrument shall be delivered either under seal or under the hand of a director or a duly authorized attorney. The letter of authorization shall contain the number of the shares to be represented by the proxy. If several persons are authorized as the proxies of the shareholder, the letter of authorization shall specify the number of shares to be represented by each proxy.

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Article 68. The instrument appointing a proxy and, if such instrument is signed by a person under a power of attorney or other authority on behalf of the appointer, a duly notarized power of attorney for signing the proxy form or other documents evidencing such authority shall be deposited at the registered address of the Company or at such other place as is specified for that purpose in the notice convening the meeting, not less than twenty-four (24) hours before either the time for holding the meeting at which the proxy propose to vote or the time appointed for the voting of the resolution. The proxy form shall have on it the date of its execution.

If the appointer is a legal person, its legal representative or such person as is authorized by a resolution of its board of directors or other governing body may attend any meeting of shareholders of the Company as a representative of the appointer.

If the shareholder is a recognized clearing house (or its agent), such shareholder is entitled to appoint one or more persons as his proxies to attend on his behalf at a general meeting or at any class meeting as it sees fit, but, if one or more persons have such authority, the letter of authorization shall contain the number and class of the shares in connection with such authorization. Such person can exercise the right on behalf of the recognized clearing house (or its attorney) as if he is the individual shareholder of the Company.

Article 69. Any form issued to a shareholder by the directors for use by such shareholder for the appointment of a proxy to attend and vote at meetings of the Company shall be in a form that enables the shareholder to freely instruct the proxy to vote in favour of or against the motions, with such instructions being individually given in respect of each matter to be voted on at the meeting. Such a form shall contain a statement that, in the absence of specific instructions from the shareholder, the proxy may vote as he thinks fit.

Article 70. A vote given in accordance with the terms of a proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the death or loss of capacity of the appointer or revocation of the proxy or the authority under which the proxy was executed or the transfer of the shares in respect of which the proxy is given, provided that the Company did not receive any written notice in respect of such matters before the commencement of the relevant meeting.

Article 71. A proxy attending a shareholder’s general meeting shall present his proof of identity. Save for shareholders who are recognized clearing houses (or its agent), if a shareholder as a legal person appoints its legal representative to attend a meeting, such legal representative shall present his proof of identity and a duly notarized copy of the resolutions of such shareholder’s board of directors or other documents evidencing such authority in respect of the appointment of the proxy or any other copy certified in a manner acceptable to the Company.

Article 72. Resolutions of shareholders’ general meetings shall be divided into ordinary resolutions and special resolutions.

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An ordinary resolution must be passed by votes representing more than one-half of the voting rights represented by the shareholders (including proxies) present at the meeting.

A special resolution must be passed by votes representing more than two-thirds of the voting rights represented by the shareholders (including proxies) present at the meeting.

Shareholders (including proxies) shall expressly indicate whether they are in favour of or against any matter being voted on. Any abstention from voting or vote of abstention shall not be regarded as valid votes when the Company counts the votes in respect of the relevant matter.

Article 73. A shareholder (including a proxy), when voting at a shareholders’ general meeting, may exercise such voting rights as are attached to the number of voting shares which he represents. Each share shall have one (1) vote.

Article 74. At any shareholders’ general meeting, a resolution shall be decided on a show of hands unless a poll is demanded before or after a vote has been carried out by a show of hands:

(1) by the chairman of the meeting;

(2) by at least two (2) shareholders present in person or by proxy entitled to vote thereat;

(3) by one (1) or more shareholders (including proxies) representing 10 % or more of shares (held solely or in combination) carrying the right to vote at the meeting.

Unless a poll is demanded, a declaration by the chairman that a resolution has been passed on a show of hands and the record of such in the minutes of the meeting shall be conclusive evidence of the fact that such resolution has been passed. There shall be no requirement in providing evidence of the number or proportion of votes in favour of or against such resolution.

The demand for a poll may be withdrawn by the person who demands the same.

Article 75. A poll demanded on the election of the chairman of the meeting, or on a question of adjournment of the meeting, shall be taken forthwith. A poll demanded on any other question shall be taken at such time as the chairman of the meeting directs, and the meeting may proceed to any other business pending the taking of the poll. The result of the poll shall be deemed to be a resolution of the meeting at which the poll was demanded.

Article 76. On a poll taken at a meeting, a shareholder (including a proxy) entitled to two (2) or more votes need not cast his votes either all for or all against the resolution.

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Article 77. In the case of an equality of votes for and against a resolution, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, the chairman of the meeting shall have a casting vote.

Article 78. The following matters shall be resolved by ordinary resolutions at shareholders’ general meetings:

(1) work reports of the board of directors and the supervisory committee;

(2) profit distribution plans and loss recovery plans formulated by the board of directors;

(3) election or removal of members of the board of directors and members of the supervisory committee, remuneration and manner of payment of such members;

(4) annual budgets and final accounts, balance sheets and profit and loss accounts and other financial statements of the Company;

(5) matters other than those which are required by the laws and administrative regulations or by the Company’s Articles of Association to be adopted by special resolution.

Article 79. The following matters shall be resolved by a special resolution at a shareholders’ general meeting:

(1) the increase or reduction in share capital and the issue of shares of any class, warrants and other securities of a similar nature;

(2) the issue of debentures by the Company;

(3) the division, merger, dissolution and liquidation of the Company;

(4) amendment of the Company’s Articles of Association;

(5) amendment to rights of shareholders of any class; and

(6) any other matter resolved by way of an ordinary resolution by shareholders in general meeting which the shareholders consider may have a material impact on the Company and should be adopted by a special resolution.

Article 80. Any resolution adopted by a shareholders’ general meeting shall comply with relevant provisions of PRC laws, administrative regulations and these Articles of Association.

Article 81. Shareholders who request for the convening of an extraordinary general meeting or a class meeting shall comply with the following procedures:

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(1) Two (2) or more shareholders holding in aggregate 10% or more of the shares carrying the right to vote at the meeting sought to be held shall sign one (1) or more written requisitions in the same format and with the same content, stating the proposed matters to be discussed at the meeting, and requiring the board of directors to convene a shareholders’ extraordinary general meeting or a class meeting thereof. The board of directors shall as soon as possible proceed to convene the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders or a class meeting thereof after receipt of such written requisition(s). The shareholdings of such shareholders referred to above shall be calculated as at the date of making the requisition(s).

(2) If the board of directors fails to issue a notice of such a meeting within thirty (30) days from the date of receipt of the requisition(s), the shareholders who make the requisitions(s) may themselves convene such a meeting (in a manner as similar as possible to the manner in which shareholders’ meetings are convened by the board of directors) within four (4) months from the date of receipt of the requisition(s) by the board of directors.

Any reasonable expenses incurred by the shareholders who make the requisition(s) by reason of failure of the board of directors to duly convene a meeting shall be reimbursed by the Company and any sum so reimbursed shall be set-off against sums owed by the Company to the defaulting directors.

Article 82. The Chairman of the board of directors shall convene and chair every shareholders’ general meeting. If the Chairman is unable to attend the meeting for any reason, the vice-chairman of the board of directors shall convene and chair the meeting. If both the Chairman and the vice-chairman of the board of directors are unable to attend the meeting, then the board of directors may designate a director to convene and chair the meeting. If no chairman of the meeting has been so designated, shareholders present shall choose one (1) person to act as the chairman of the meeting. If for any reason the shareholders fail to elect a chairman, then the shareholder (including a proxy) holding the largest number of shares carrying the right to vote thereat shall be the chairman of the meeting.

Article 83. The chairman of the meeting shall be responsible for determining whether a resolution has been passed. His decision, which shall be final and conclusive, shall be announced at the meeting and recorded in the minute book.

Article 84. If the chairman of the meeting has any doubt as to the result of a resolution which has been put to vote at a shareholders’ meeting, he may have the votes counted. If the chairman of the meeting has not counted the votes, any shareholder who is present in person or by proxy and who objects to the result announced by the chairman of the meeting may, immediately after the declaration of the result, demand that the votes be counted and the chairman of the meeting shall count the votes immediately.

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Article 85. If votes are counted at a shareholders’ general meeting, the result of the count shall be recorded in the minute book.

The Company secretary shall prepare the record of the shareholders’ general meeting, which shall be signed by directors attending the meeting.

Resolutions adopted by a shareholders’ general meeting shall be included in the minutes of the meeting. The record and minutes of the meeting shall be in Chinese. Such record and minutes, shareholders’ attendance lists and proxy forms shall be kept at the Company’s registered address.

Article 86. Copies of the minutes of proceedings of any shareholders’ meeting shall, during business hours of the Company, be open for inspection by any shareholder without charge. If a shareholder requests for a copy of such minutes from the Company, the Company shall send a copy of such minutes to him within seven (7) days after receipt of reasonable fees by the Company.

CHAPTER 9: SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR VOTING BY A CLASS OF SHAREHOLDERS

Article 87. Class shareholders are those shareholders who hold different classes of shares.

Class shareholders shall enjoy rights and assume obligations in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and the Company’s Articles of Association.

Article 88. Rights conferred on any class of shareholders may not be varied or abrogated save with the approval of a special resolution of shareholders in a general meeting and by holders of shares of that class at a separate meeting convened in accordance with Articles 90 to 94.

Article 89. The following circumstances shall be deemed to be variation or abrogation of the rights attaching to a particular class of shares:

(1) to increase or decrease the number of shares of that class, or to increase or decrease the number of shares of a class having voting or equity rights or privileges equal or superior to those of shares of that class;

(2) to exchange all or part of the shares of that class for shares of another class, or to exchange or to create a right to exchange all or part of the shares of another class for shares of that class;

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(3) to remove or reduce rights to accrued dividends or rights to cumulative dividends attached to shares of that class;

(4) to reduce or remove preferential rights attached to shares of that class to receive dividends or to the distribution of assets in the event that the Company is liquidated;

(5) to add, remove or reduce conversion rights, election rights, voting rights, transfer or pre-emptive rights, or rights to acquire securities of the Company attached to shares of that class;

(6) to remove or reduce rights to receive payment payable by the Company in particular currencies attached to shares of that class;

(7) to create a new class of shares having voting or equity rights or other privileges equal or superior to those of the shares of that class;

(8) to restrict the transfer or ownership of shares of that class or to increase the types of restrictions attaching thereto;

(9) to allot and issue rights to subscribe for, or to convert the existing shares into, shares in the Company of that class or another class;

(10) to increase the rights or privileges of shares of another class;

(11) to restructure the Company in such a way so as to result in the disproportionate distribution of obligations between the various classes of shareholders;

(12) to vary or abrogate the provisions of this Chapter.

Article 90. Shareholders of the affected class, regardless of whether having the right to vote or not at shareholders’ general meetings, have the right to vote at class meetings in respect of matters concerning sub-paragraphs (2) to (8), (11) and (12) of Article 89, but interested shareholder(s) shall not be entitled to vote at such class meetings.

“(An) interested shareholder(s)”, as such term is used in the preceding paragraph:

(1) in the case of a repurchase of shares by way of a general offer to all shareholders of the Company in the same proportion for all shareholders or by way of public dealing on a stock exchange pursuant to Article 31, an “interested shareholder” refers to a controlling shareholder within the meaning of Article 55 herein;

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(2) in the case of a repurchase of shares by an off-market agreement pursuant to Article 31, an “interested shareholder” refers to a shareholder to whom the proposed agreement relates;

(3) in the case of a restructuring of the Company, an “interested shareholder“ refers to a shareholder who assumes a relatively lower proportion of obligation than the obligations imposed on shareholders of that class under the proposed restructuring or who has an interest in the proposed restructuring different from the general interests of the shareholders of that class.

Article 91. Resolutions of a class of shareholders shall be passed by votes representing more than two-thirds of the voting rights of shareholders of that class represented at the relevant meeting who, according to Article 90, are entitled to vote thereat.

Article 92. Written notice of a class meeting shall be despatched to all shareholders who are registered as holders of that class in the register of shareholders forty-five (45) days (inclusive of the day of the class meeting) before the date of the class meeting. Such notice shall give such shareholders notice of the matters to be considered at such meeting, the date and the place of the class meeting. A shareholder who intends to attend the class meeting shall deliver his written reply to the Company twenty (20) days before the date of the class meeting.

If the shareholders who intend to attend such class meeting represent more than half of the total number of shares of that class which have the right to vote at such meeting, the Company may hold the class meeting; if not, the Company shall within five (5) days give the shareholders further notice of the matters to be considered, the date and the place of the class meeting by way of public announcement. The Company may then hold the class meeting after such public announcement has been made.

Article 93. Notice of class meetings need only be served on shareholders entitled to vote thereat.

To the extent possible class meetings shall be conducted in a manner similar to shareholders’ general meetings. The provisions of the Company’s Articles of Association relating to the conduct of shareholders’ general meetings shall also apply to class meetings.

Article 94. Apart from the holders of other classes of shares, the holders of the Domestic Shares and holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares shall be deemed to be holders of different classes of shares.

The special procedures for approval by a class of shareholders shall not apply in the following circumstances:

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(1) where the Company issues, upon the approval by special resolution of its shareholders in a general meeting once every twelve (12) months, either separately or concurrently, issue not more than 20% of each of its existing issued Domestic Shares and Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares that has been issued; or

(2) where the Company’s plan to issue Domestic Shares and Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares at the time of its establishment is carried out within fifteen (15)  months from the date of approval of the securities authority of the State Council.

CHAPTER 10: BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Article 95. The Company shall have a board of directors. The board of directors shall consist of twelve (12) directors, of which four (4) shall be independent (non-executive) directors (meaning directors who are independent from the Company’s shareholders and do not hold positions within the Company).

The board of directors shall have one (1) Chairman.

Where necessary, the board of directors may establish audit, remuneration, nomination and other specialised committees.

Article 96. Directors shall be elected at the shareholders’ general meeting for a term of three (3) years. At the expiry of a director’s term, the director may stand for re-election and reappointment for further term.

The minimum period during which written notice given to the Company of the intention to propose a person for election as a director, and during which written notice to the Company by such person of his willingness to be elected may be given, will be at least 7 days. Such period will commence no earlier than the day after the despatch of the notice of the meeting for the purpose of considering such election and shall end no later than 7 days prior to the date of such meeting.

Nine (9) members of the first session of the board of directors shall be nominated by the promoters of the Company and elected at the Company’s inaugural meeting. The number of directors elected for each subsequent session of the board of directors shall not be less than that stipulated in Article 95 or more than the maximum determined at the shareholders’ general meeting by an ordinary resolution. Where the number of directors elected by voting exceeds the maximum number of directors proposed, directors who are elected within the maximum number so determined shall be those who get the largest number of votes and appointed in the sequence starting with those with the largest number of votes.

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Subject to compliance with all relevant laws and administrative regulations, the shareholders’ general meeting may by ordinary resolution remove any director prior to the expiration of such director’s term of office. However, such director’s right to claim for damages pursuant to any contract due to his loss of office shall not be affected.

The Chairman shall be elected and removed by more than one-half of all of the members of the board of directors. The term of office of each of the Chairman is three (3) years. The Chairman may stand for re-election and may be elected for further term.

The external directors shall have sufficient time and necessary knowledge and ability to perform their duties. When an external director performs his duties, the Company must provide necessary information and independent (non-executive) directors may directly report to the shareholders’ meeting, the securities regulatory authority under the State Council and other relevant departments.

The executive directors shall handle matters as authorized by the board of directors.

The directors shall not be required to hold shares in the Company.

Article 97. The board of directors is accountable to the shareholders in general meeting and exercises the following functions and powers:

(1) to be responsible for the convening of the shareholders’ general meetings and to report on its work to the shareholders in general meeting;

(2) to implement the resolutions passed by the shareholders in general meeting;

(3) to determine the Company’s business plans and investment proposals;

(4) to formulate the Company’s annual financial budgets and final accounts;

(5) to formulate the Company’s profit distribution proposal and loss recovery proposal;

(6) to formulate the Company’s debt and financial policies, proposals for the increase or reduction of the Company’s registered capital and for the issuance of the Company’s debentures;

(7) to draw up the Company’s material acquisition and disposal proposals and plans for the merger, division or dissolution of the Company;

(8) to decide on the Company’s internal management structure;

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(9) to appoint or remove the Company’s general manager and to appoint or remove the deputy general managers, and financial deputy general manager of the Company based on the recommendations of the general manager; to appoint or remove the secretary of the board of directors, and to decide on their remuneration;

(10) to decide on the establishment of the Company’s branch organisations;

(11) to formulate proposals for amendment of the Company’s Articles of Association;

(12) to formulate the basic management structure of the Company;

(13) except matters that the Company Law and these Articles of Association require to be resolved by the shareholders in general meeting, to decide on other material and administrative matters of the Company and to execute other material agreements;

(14) to perform any other functions or exercise any other powers conferred by the shareholders in general meeting or these Articles of Association.

Other than the board of directors’ resolutions in respect of the matters specified in sub-paragraphs (6), (7) and (11) of this Article, which shall be passed by the affirmative vote of more than two-thirds of all the directors, the board of directors’ resolutions in respect of all other matters may be passed by the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the directors.

Resolutions made by the board of directors on the Company’s connected transactions shall come into effect only after they are signed by the independent (non-executive) directors.

Article 98. Prior to making decisions on material issues of the Company, the board of directors shall seek advice from the Party organisations. When the board of directors appoints senior management personnel of the Company, the Party organisations shall consider and provide comments on the candidates for management positions nominated by the board of directors or the general manager, or recommend candidates to the board of directors and/or the general manager.

Article 99. The board of directors shall not, without the prior approval of shareholders in a general meeting, dispose or agree to dispose of any fixed assets of the Company where the aggregate of the amount or value of the consideration for the proposed disposition, and the amount or value of the consideration for any such disposition of any fixed assets of the Company that has been completed in the period of four (4) months immediately preceding the proposed disposition, exceeds 33% of the value of the Company’s fixed assets as shown in the latest balance sheet which was tabled at a shareholders’ general meeting.

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For the purposes of this Article, a “disposition” includes an act involving the transfer of an interest in assets but does not include the pledging of fixed assets as guarantee.

The validity of a disposition by the Company shall not be affected by any breach of the first paragraph of this Article.

Before the board of directors makes a decision on market development, merger and acquisition, investment in new areas, etc., in relation to projects involving an investment amount or asset value of the acquisition or merger amounting to more than 10% of the total assets of the Company, an independent consulting agency shall be engaged to provide its professional opinions which shall form an important basis of the decisions of the board of directors.

Article 100. The Chairman of the board of directors shall exercise the following powers:

(1) to preside over shareholders’ general meetings and to convene and preside over meetings of the board of directors;

(2) to organise the implementation of the duties of the board of directors and to check on the implementation status of resolutions passed by the board of directors at its meetings;

(3) to sign the securities certificates issued by the Company;

(4) to exercise other powers conferred by the board of directors.

When the Chairman is unable to exercise his powers, such powers shall be exercised by the executive director who has been designated by the Chairman to exercise such powers on his behalf.

Article 101. Meetings of the board of directors shall be held at least twice every year and shall be convened by the Chairman of the board of directors. All of the directors should be notified about the meeting ten (10) days beforehand. Where there is an urgent matter, an extraordinary meeting of the board of directors may be held if it is so requested by six (6) of the directors, the Chairman of the board of directors or the Company’s general manager. Such extraordinary meeting shall not be subject to the provisions of Article 102 on notice of the meetings.

Article 102. Notice of meetings of the board of directors shall be delivered as follows:

(1) For regular meetings of the board of directors of which the time and venue have been stipulated by the board of directors beforehand, no notice of the convening of such meetings will be needed.

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(2) For meetings of the board of directors of which the time and venue have not been decided by the board of directors beforehand, the Chairman of the board of directors shall notify the directors of the time and venue of such meeting 10 days in advance by telex, by telegram, by facsimile, by express courier service or by registered mail or in person, unless otherwise provided for in Article 101.

(3) Notice of meetings may be served in Chinese, with an English translation attached thereto when necessary, and in each case accompanied by a meeting agenda. A director may waive his right to receive notice of a board meeting.

Article 103. In strict compliance with the required procedures, all executive and external directors must be notified about the material matters that must be decided by the board of directors within the time limit stipulated in Article 102, and sufficient materials must be provided at the same time. Directors may request for supplementary information. If more than one-fourth of the total number of directors or more than two external directors consider that the materials provided are not sufficient or the supporting arguments are not clear, they may jointly propose to postpone the meeting or postpone the discussion of certain matters on the agenda of the meeting and the board of directors shall accept such proposal.

Notice of a meeting shall be deemed to have been given to any director who attends the meeting and does not protest against, before or at its commencement, any lack of notice.

Any regular or extraordinary meeting of the board of directors may be held by way of telephone conferencing or with the assistance of similar communication equipment so long as all directors participating in the meeting can hear and communicate with each other clearly. All such directors shall be deemed to be present in person at the meeting.

Article 104. A board of directors meeting shall only be convened if more than half of the board of directors are present (including any directors appointed pursuant to Article 105 to attend the meeting as the representatives of other directors). Each director has one vote. All resolutions require the affirmative votes of more than half of all the board of directors in order to be passed. In the case of equal number of votes for and against a resolution the Chairman of the board of directors is entitled to a casting vote.

Article 105. Directors shall attend the meetings of the board of directors in person. Where a director is unable to attend a meeting for any reason, he may by a written power of attorney appoint another director to attend the meeting on his behalf. The power of attorney shall set out the scope of the authorization.

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A Director appointed as the representative of another director to attend the meeting shall exercise the rights of a director within the scope of authority conferred by the appointing director. Where a director is unable to attend a meeting of the board of directors and has not appointed the representative to attend the meeting on his behalf, he shall be deemed to have waived his right to vote at the meeting.

Expenses incurred by a director for attending a meeting of the board of directors shall be paid by the Company. These expenses include the costs of transportation between the premises of the director and the venue of the meeting in different cities and accommodation expenses during the meeting. Rent of the meeting place, local transportation costs and other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses shall be paid by the Company.

Article 106. The board of directors may accept a written resolution in lieu of a board meeting provided that a draft of such written resolution shall be delivered to each director in person, by mail, by telegram or by facsimile. If the board of directors has delivered such proposed written resolution to all the directors and the directors who signed and approved such resolution have reached the required quorum, and the same has been delivered to the secretary of the board of directors, such resolution shall become a board resolution and a board meeting need not be convened.

Article 107. The board of directors shall keep minutes of matters considered and resolutions passed at meetings of the board of directors in Chinese. Opinions of the independent (non-executive) directors shall be clearly stated in the resolutions of the board of directors. The minutes of each board meeting shall be provided to all the directors promptly. Directors who wish to amend or supplement the minutes shall submit the proposed amendments to the Chairman in writing within one week after receipt of the meeting minutes. After the minutes have been finalized, they shall be signed by the directors present at the meeting and by the person who recorded the minutes. The minutes of board meetings shall be kept at the registered address of the Company in the PRC and a complete copy of the minutes shall be promptly sent to each director.

The directors shall be liable for the resolutions of the board of directors. If a resolution of the board of directors violates the laws, administrative regulations or the Company’s Articles of Association and the Company suffers serious losses as a result, the directors who participated in the passing of such resolution are liable to compensate the Company therefore such losses. However, if it has been proven that a director expressly objected to the resolution when the resolution was voted on, and that such objection was recorded in the minutes of the meeting, such director may be released from such liability.

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CHAPTER 11: SECRETARY OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Article 108. The Company shall have one (1) secretary of the board of directors. The secretary shall be a senior officer of the Company.

Where necessary, the board of directors may establish a secretarial office of the board of directors.

Article 109. The secretary of the Company’s board of directors shall be a natural person who has the requisite professional knowledge and experience, and shall be appointed by the board of directors.

The main tasks of the secretary of the board of directors include:

(1) to assist the directors in the day-to-day work of the board of directors, to continuously provide the directors with, to remind the directors of and to ensure that the directors understand the regulations, policies and requirements of the foreign and domestic regulatory authorities on the operation of the Company, to assist the directors and the general manager to effectively implement relevant foreign and domestic laws, regulations, the Company’s Articles of Association and other relevant regulations when carrying out their duties;

(2) to be responsible for the organization and preparation of documents for board meetings and shareholders’ meetings, to take proper meeting minutes, to ensure that the resolutions passed at the meetings comply with statutory procedures and to be knowledgeable about the implementation of the resolutions of the board of directors;

(3) to be responsible for the organization and coordination of information disclosure, to coordinate the relationship with investors and to increase transparency of the Company;

(4) to participate in the structuring of financing through the capital markets;

(5) to deal with intermediaries, regulatory authorities and media, and to maintain good public relations.

Duties of the secretary of the board of directors include:

(1) to organise and prepare for the board meetings and shareholders’ meetings, to prepare documents for the meetings, to make relevant arrangements for the meetings, to be responsible for taking meeting minutes, to ensure the accuracy of the records, to keep meeting documents and minutes and to take proactive steps to become knowledgeable about the implementation of relevant resolutions; to report to and advise the board of directors on important issues during implementation of the resolutions.

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(2) to ensure that material decisions of the board of directors are implemented in strict compliance with the required procedures; upon request by the board of directors, to participate in, and to organize the consultation and analysis of matters to be decided by the board of directors and provide relevant advice and recommendations thereon; to carry out the day-to-day work of the board of directors and its relevant committees upon delegation.

(3) to act as a contact point between the Company and securities regulatory authorities, to be responsible for the organisation of the preparation and timely submission of documents required by the regulatory authorities, responsible for carrying out the tasks given by the regulatory authorities and organising their accomplishment.

(4) to be responsible for coordinating and organizing the Company’s information disclosure, to set up a sound information disclosure system, to participate in all the meetings of the Company in relation to information disclosure, to timely obtain important business decisions and the relevant information.

(5) to be responsible for keeping price sensitive information of the Company confidential and to formulate an effective system of maintaining confidentiality and related measures; to take necessary remedial actions in the event of the unintended disclosure for whatever reason of any price sensitive information of the Company; and to make prompt explanations and clarifications and notify the regulatory authority of the overseas listing place and CSRC thereof.

(6) to be responsible for the coordination and organisation of market promotions, to coordinate visits to the Company, to deal with relationship with investors, to maintain communication with investors, intermediaries and media, to be responsible for coordinating and answering questions raised by the public, and to ensure that the investors promptly obtain the information disclosed by the Company; to organise and prepare for marketing and promotion activities outside and in the PRC, to draw up summary reports on market promotion activities and important visits to the Company and to organise the reporting of the same to CSRC.

(7) to be responsible for administering and keeping the register of the members of the Company, the register of the directors of the Company, the shareholding of major shareholders and directors and list of the holders of the outstanding debentures of the Company in issue.

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(8) to assist the directors and the general manager in complying with foreign and domestic laws, regulations, the Company’s Articles of Association and other relevant regulations in exercising their powers. After becoming aware that any resolutions made or likely to be made by the Company are in breach of relevant regulations, the secretary is obliged to give prompt warnings and shall have the right to report such facts to the CSRC and other regulatory authorities.

(9) to coordinate the provision of necessary information required by the Company’s supervisory committee and other examination body for their supervisory functions, and assist them in their investigation on the relevant financial officer, directors of the Company and general manager on whether they have satisfied their responsibility for trust–worthiness.

(10) to exercise other powers and duties authorized by the board of directors and other powers and duties required in the overseas listing jurisdiction.

Article 110. A director or other senior officer of the Company may also act as the secretary of the board of directors. Accountants of the accountancy firm which has been appointed by the Company to act as its auditors shall not act as the secretary of the board of directors.

Where the office of secretary is held concurrently by a director, and an act is required to be done by a director and a secretary separately, the person who holds the office of director and secretary may not perform the act in a dual capacity.

Article 111. The secretary of the board of directors shall diligently exercise his duties in accordance with the relevant provisions of these Articles of Association.

The secretary of the board of directors shall assist the Company in complying with the relevant PRC laws and the rules of the securities exchange on which the shares of the Company are listed.

CHAPTER 12: GENERAL MANAGER

Article 112. The Company shall have a general manager who shall be appointed or dismissed by the board of directors.

The Company shall have several deputy general managers, and financial deputy general manager who shall assist the general manager. The deputy general managers and financial deputy general manager shall be nominated by the general manager and appointed or dismissed by the board of the directors.

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A member of the board of directors may act concurrently as the general manager or deputy general manager.

Article 113. The general manager shall be accountable to the board of directors and shall exercise the following functions and powers:

(1) to be in charge of the Company’s production, operation and management and to organise the implementation of the resolutions of the board of directors;

(2) to organise the implementation of the Company’s annual business plan and investment proposal;

(3) to devise the establishment of the Company’s internal management structure;

(4) to draft plans for the establishment of the Company’s branch organisations;

(5) to devise the Company’s basic management system;

(6) to formulate basic rules and regulations of the Company;

(7) to propose the appointment or dismissal of the deputy general managers and financial deputy general manager of the Company;

(8) to appoint or dismiss management personnel other than those required to be appointed or dismissed by the board of directors;

(9) other powers conferred by the Company’s Articles of Association and the board of directors.

Article 114. The general manager who is not a director shall be entitled to attend meetings of the board of directors and receive the notice of meeting and the relevant documents. The general manager who is not a director does not have any voting rights at board meetings.

Article 115. In performing their duties and exercising their powers, the general manager, the deputy general managers and the financial deputy general manager shall not depart from the resolutions of the shareholders’ general meetings or the board of directors, or exceed their respective authority.

Article 116. In performing their duties and powers, the general manager, the deputy general managers and the financial deputy general manager shall act honestly and diligently and in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and the Company’s Articles of Association.

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Article 117. The general manager, the deputy general managers, the financial deputy general manager and other senior officers who wish to resign shall give a three-month written notice to the board of directors. Department managers who wish to resign shall give a two-month written notice to the general manager.

CHAPTER 13: SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE

Article 118. The Company shall have a supervisory committee. The supervisory committee is a permanent supervisory body of the Company responsible for supervising the board of directors and its members, the general manager, deputy general managers, financial deputy general manager and other senior officers of the Company to prevent them from abusing their powers and infringing the legitimate rights and interests of the shareholders, the Company and its employees.

Article 119. The supervisory committee shall compose of five (5) supervisors including one external supervisor (hereinafter meaning supervisors who do not hold office in the Company).

The supervisory committee shall have one (1) chairman. Each supervisor shall serve for a term of three (3) years, which term is renewable upon re-election and re-appointment.

The election or removal of the chairman of the supervisory committee shall be determined by the affirmative votes of two-thirds or more of the members of the supervisory committee.

The chairman of the supervisory committee shall organise the implementation of the duties of the supervisory committee.

Article 120. The supervisory committee shall comprise three (3) supervisors who represent the shareholders (hereinafter including those qualified as external supervisors) and two (2) supervisors who shall represent the employees. Supervisors who represent the shareholders shall be elected or removed by the shareholders in general meetings, and the supervisor who represents employees shall be elected or removed by the employees democratically.

Where necessary, the supervisory committee may establish an office responsible for the day-to-day work of the supervisory committee.

Article 121. The directors, the general manager, the deputy general managers and the financial deputy general manager of the Company shall not act concurrently as supervisors.

Article 122. Meetings of the supervisory committee shall be held at least twice every year, and shall be convened by the chairman of the supervisory committee.

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Article 123. The supervisory committee shall be accountable to the shareholders in general meeting and shall exercise the following functions and powers in accordance with the law:

(1) to review the Company’s financial position;

(2) to supervise the directors, general manager, deputy general managers, financial controller and other senior officers to ensure that they do not act in contravention of any law, administrative regulation or the Company’s Articles of Association;

(3) to require any director, general manager, deputy general manager, financial controller or other senior officer who acts in a manner which is harmful to the Company’s interest to rectify such behaviour;

(4) to check the financial information such as the financial report, business report and plans for distribution of profits to be submitted by the board of directors to the shareholders’ general meetings and to authorize, in the Company’s name, publicly certified accountants and practising auditors to assist in the re-examination of such information should any doubt arise in respect thereof;

(5) to propose to convene an extraordinary general meeting;

(6) to represent the Company in negotiations with or in bringing actions against a director;

(7) other functions and powers specified in the Company’s Articles of Association.

The supervisory committee may provide its opinions on the appointment of accountancy firm by the Company, and may appoint another accountancy firm in the name of the Company when necessary to independently examine financial affairs of the Company, and may directly report relevant information to the securities supervisory and management authorities of the State Council and other relevant authorities.

External supervisors shall report independently to the shareholders’ meeting on whether the senior officers have performed their duties honestly and diligently.

Supervisors shall attend meetings of the board of directors as observers.

Article 124. Resolutions of the supervisory committee shall be passed by the affirmative vote of more than two-thirds of all of its members.

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Article 125. All reasonable fees incurred in respect of the employment of professionals (such as lawyers, certified public accountants and practising auditors) for the exercise of the supervisory committee’s functions and powers shall be borne by the Company.

Article 126. A supervisor shall carry out his duties honestly and faithfully in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and the Company’s Articles of Association.

CHAPTER 14: THE QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES OF THE DIRECTORS, SUPERVISORS, GENERAL MANAGER AND OTHER SENIOR OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY

Article 127. A person may not serve as a director, supervisor, general manager or any other senior officer of the Company if any of the following circumstances apply:

(1) a person who does not have or who has limited capacity for civil conduct;

(2) a person who has been sentenced for corruption, bribery, infringement of property rights or misappropriation of property or other crimes which disrupt the social economic order, where less than a term of five (5) years has lapsed since the sentence was fully served, or a person who has been deprived of his political rights and not more than five (5) years have lapsed since the sentence was fully served;

(3) a person who is a former director, factory manager or manager of a company or enterprise which has been dissolved or put into liquidation as a result of mismanagement and who was made personally liable for such dissolution or liquidation, and where less than three (3) years have lapsed since the date of completion of the insolvent liquidation of the company or enterprise;

(4) a person who is a former legal representative of a company or enterprise the business licence of which was revoked due to violation of law and who are personally liable therefor, where less than three (3) years have elapsed since the date of the revocation of the business licence;

(5) a person who has a relatively large amount of debts which have become overdue;

(6) a person who is currently undergoing investigation by judicial organs for violation of criminal law;

(7) a person who, according to laws and administrative regulations, cannot act as a leader of an enterprise;

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(8) a person other than a natural person;

(9) a person who has been convicted by the competent authority for violation of relevant securities regulations and such conviction involves a finding that such person has acted fraudulently or dishonestly, and where less than five (5) years have lapsed from the date of such conviction.

Article 128. The validity of an act carried out by a director, the general manager, and other senior officers of the Company on behalf of the Company as against a bona fide third party acting in good faith, shall not be affected by any irregularity in his office, his election or any defect in his qualification.

Article 129. In addition to the obligations imposed by laws, administrative regulations or the listing rules of the stock exchange on which shares of the Company are listed, each of the Company’s directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior officers owes a duty to each shareholder, in the exercise of the functions and powers entrusted to him by the Company:

(1) not to cause the Company to exceed the scope of business stipulated in its business licence;

(2) to act honestly and in the best interests of the Company;

(3) not to expropriate the Company’s property in any way, including (but not limited to) usurpation of opportunities which benefit the Company;

(4) not to expropriate the individual rights of shareholders, including (but not limited to) rights to distribution and voting rights, save and except pursuant to a restructuring of the Company which has been submitted to the shareholders for approval in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association.

Article 130. Each of the Company’s directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior officers owes a duty, in the exercise of his powers and in the discharge of his duties, to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances.

Article 131. Each of the Company’s directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior officers shall exercise his powers or perform his duties in accordance with the fiduciary principle, and shall not put himself in a position where his duty borne and his personal interest may conflict. This principle shall mean (without limitation) discharging the following obligations:

(1) to act honestly and in the best interests of the Company;

(2) to act within the scope of his powers and not to exceed such powers;

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(3) to exercise the discretion vested in him personally and not to allow himself to act under the control of another and, unless and to the extent permitted by laws, administrative regulations or with the informed consent of shareholders given in a general meeting, not to delegate the exercise of his discretion;

(4) to treat shareholders of the same class equally and to treat shareholders of different classes fairly;

(5) unless otherwise provided for in the Company’s Articles of Association or except with the informed consent of the shareholders given in a general meeting, not to enter into any contract, transaction or arrangement with the Company;

(6) not to use the Company’s property for his own benefit unless with the informed consent of the shareholders given in a general meeting;

(7) not to exploit his position by accepting bribes or other illegal income or expropriate the Company’s property in any way, including (but not limited to) opportunities which benefit the Company;

(8) not to accept commissions in connection with the Company’s transactions unless with the informed consent of the shareholders given in a general meeting;

(9) to comply with the Company’s Articles of Association, to perform his official duties faithfully, to protect the Company’s interests and not to exploit his position and power in the Company to advance his own interests;

(10) not to compete with the Company in any way unless with the informed consent of the shareholders given in a general meeting;

(11) not to misappropriate the Company’s funds or to lend such funds to any other person, not to use the Company’s assets to set up deposit accounts in his own name or in any other name or to use such assets to guarantee the debts of a shareholder of the Company or any other personal liabilities;

(12) not to release any confidential information which he has obtained during his term of office unless with the informed consent of the shareholders in a general meeting; nor shall he use such information in any other way other than for the Company’s benefit, save that disclosure of such information to the court or other governmental authorities is permitted if:

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(i) disclosure is made under compulsion of law;

(ii) public interests so warrants;

(iii) the interests of the relevant director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer so requires.

Article 132. Each director, supervisor, general manager and other senior officer of the Company shall not direct the following persons or institutions (“associates”) to act in a manner which he is prohibited from so acting:

(1) the spouse or minor child of the director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer;

(2) the trustee of the director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer or of any person described in sub-paragraph (1) above;

(3) the partner of that director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer or any person referred to in sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article;

(4) a company in which that director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer, whether alone or jointly with one (1) or more of the persons referred to in sub-paragraphs (l), (2) and (3) of this Article and other directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior officers, has de facto controlling interest;

(5) the directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior officers of a company which is being controlled in the manner set out in sub-paragraph (4) above.

Article 133. The fiduciary duties of the directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior officers of the Company do not necessarily cease with the termination of their tenure. The duty of confidentiality in respect of trade secrets of the Company survives the termination of their tenure. Other duties may continue for such period as the principle of fairness may require depending on the amount of time which has lapsed between the termination and the act concerned and the circumstances and the terms under which the relationship between the relevant director, supervisor, general manager and other senior officer on the one hand and the Company on the other hand was terminated.

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Article 134. A director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer of the Company may be relieved of his liability for specific breaches of his duty with the informed consent of the shareholders given at a general meeting, but this shall not apply for the matters set out in Article 54 of these Articles of Association.

Article 135. Where a director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer of the Company is in any way, either directly or indirectly, materially interested in a contract, transaction or arrangement or proposed contract, transaction or arrangement with the Company (other than his contract of service with the Company), he shall declare the nature and extent of his interests to the board of directors at the earliest opportunity, whether or not the contract, transaction or arrangement or proposal is ordinarily subject to the approval of the board of directors.

If a director or his associate (as defined in the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited) has a material interest in any contract, transaction, arrangement or other matters that requires the approval of the board of directors, the relevant director shall not vote for the relevant matter at the meeting of the board of directors, and shall not be counted towards the quorum of the meeting.

Unless the interested director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer has disclosed his interests in accordance with the preceding sub-paragraph of this Article, and he has neither been counted as part of the quorum nor participated in voting for such matter the Company may annul such contract, transaction or arrangement, except as against a bona fide party thereto who does not have notice of the breach of duty by the interested director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer.

A director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer of the Company is deemed to be interested in a contract, transaction or arrangement in which his associate is interested.

Article 136. Where a director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer of the Company gives to the board of directors a notice in writing stating that, by reason of the facts specified in the notice, he is interested in contracts, transactions or arrangements which may subsequently be made by the Company, that notice shall be deemed for the purposes of the preceding Article to be a sufficient declaration of his interests, so far as the content stated in such notice is concerned, provided that such written notice is given before the date on which the question of entering into the relevant contract, transaction or arrangement is first taken into consideration by the Company.

Article 137. The Company shall not pay taxes for or on behalf of a director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer in any manner.

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Article 138. The Company shall not directly or indirectly make a loan to or provide any guarantee in connection with the making of a loan to a director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer of the Company or of the Company’s holding company or any of their respective associates.

The foregoing prohibition shall not apply to the following circumstances:

(1) the provision by the Company of a loan or a guarantee in connection with the making of a loan to its subsidiary:

(2) the provision by the Company of a loan or a guarantee in connection with the making of a loan or any other funds available to any of its directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior officers to meet expenditure incurred or to be incurred by him for the purposes of the Company or for the purpose of enabling him to perform his duties properly, in accordance with the terms of a service contract approved by the shareholders in a general meeting;

(3) if the ordinary course of business of the Company includes the lending of money or the giving of guarantees, the Company may make a loan to or provide a guarantee in connection with the making of a loan to any of the relevant directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior officers or their respective associates in the ordinary course of its business on normal commercial terms.

Article 139. Any person who receives funds from a loan which has been made by the Company acting in breach of the preceding Article shall, irrespective of the terms of the loan, forthwith repay such funds.

Article 140. A guarantee for the repayment of a loan which has been provided by the Company acting in breach of Article 138(1) shall not be enforceable against the Company, save in respect of the following circumstances:

(1) the guarantee was provided in connection with a loan which was made to an associate of any of the directors, supervisors, general manager and other senior officers of the Company or of the Company’s holding company and the lender of such funds did not know of the relevant circumstances at the time of the making of the loan; or

(2) the collateral which has been provided by the Company has already been lawfully disposed of by the lender to a bona fide purchaser.

Article 141. For the purposes of the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, a “guarantee” includes an undertaking of responsibility or property provided by the guarantor to secure the obligor’s performance of his obligations.

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Article 142. In addition to any rights and remedies provided by the laws and administrative regulations, where a director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer of the Company breaches the duties which he owes to the Company, the Company has the right:

(1) to demand such director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer to compensate it for losses sustained by it as a result of such breach;

(2) to rescind any contract or transaction which has been entered into between the Company and such director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer or between the Company and a third party (where such third party knows or should have known that such director, supervisor, general manager other senior officer representing the Company has breached his duties owed to the Company);

(3) to demand such director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer to account for profits made as result of the breach of his duties;

(4) to recover any monies which should have been received by the Company and which was received by such director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer instead, including (without limitation) commissions; and

(5) to demand repayment of interest earned or which may have been earned by such director, supervisor, general manager or other senior officer on monies that should have been paid to the Company.

Article 143. The Company shall, with the prior approval of shareholders in a general meeting, enter into a contract in writing with a director or supervisor wherein his emoluments are stipulated. The aforesaid emoluments include:

(1) emoluments in respect of his service as director, supervisor or senior officer of the Company;

(2) emoluments in respect of his service as director, supervisor or senior officer of any subsidiary of the Company;

(3) emoluments in respect of the provision of other services in connection with the management of the affairs of the Company and any of its subsidiaries;

(4) payment by way of compensation for loss of office, or as consideration for or in connection with his retirement from office.

No proceedings may be brought by a director or supervisor against the Company for anything due to him in respect of the matters mentioned in this Article except pursuant to the contract mentioned above.

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Article 144. The contract concerning the emoluments between the Company and its directors or supervisors should provide that in the event that the Company is being acquired, the Company’s directors and supervisors shall, subject to the prior approval of shareholders in a general meeting, have the right to receive compensation or other payment in respect of his loss of office or retirement. For the purposes of this paragraph, the acquisition of the Company includes any of the following:

(1) an offer made by any person to the all shareholders;

(2) an offer made by any person with a view to the offeror becoming a “controlling shareholder” within the meaning of Article 55 hereof.

If the relevant director or supervisor does not comply with this Article, any sum so received by him shall belong to those persons who have sold their shares as a result of such offer. The expenses incurred in distributing such sum on a pro rata basis amongst such persons shall be borne by the relevant director or supervisor and shall not be paid out of such sum.

CHAPTER 15: FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS AND PROFIT DISTRIBUTION

Article 145. The Company shall establish its financial and accounting systems in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and PRC accounting standards formulated by the finance regulatory department of the State Council.

Article 146. The fiscal year of the Company shall be on the basis of the Gregorian calendar beginning on 1 January and ending on 31 December of each year.

The Company shall use Renminbi as its standard unit of account. The accounts shall be prepared in Chinese.

At the end of each fiscal year, the Company shall prepare a financial report which shall be examined and verified in a manner prescribed by law.

Article 147. The board of directors of the Company shall place before the shareholders at every annual general meeting such financial reports which the relevant laws, administrative regulations and directives promulgated by competent regional and central governmental authorities require the Company to prepare. Such reports must be verified and certified.

Article 148. The Company’s financial reports shall be made available for shareholders’ inspection at the Company twenty (20) days before the date of every shareholders’ annual general meeting. Each shareholder shall be entitled to obtain a copy of the financial reports referred to in this Chapter.

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The Company shall deliver or send to each shareholder of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares by prepaid mail at the address registered in the register of shareholders the said reports not later than twenty-one (21) days before the date of every annual general meeting of the shareholders.

Article 149. The financial statements of the Company shall, in addition to being prepared in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations, be also prepared in accordance with either international accounting standards, or the accounting standard of the place outside the PRC where the Company’s shares are listed. If there is any material difference between the financial statements prepared respectively in accordance with the two accounting standards, such difference shall be specifically stated in the financial statements. In distributing its after-tax profits for the relevant fiscal year, the lower of the two amounts shown in the two financial statements shall be distributed.

Article 150. Any interim results or financial information published or disclosed by the Company must also be prepared and presented in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations, and also in accordance with either international accounting standards or the accounting standard of the place overseas where the Company’s shares are listed.

Article 151. The Company shall publish its financial reports twice every fiscal year, that is, the interim financial report shall be published within sixty (60) days after the expiration of the first six (6) months of each fiscal year; the annual financial report shall be published within one hundred and twenty (120) days after the expiration of each fiscal year.

Article 152. The Company shall not keep accounts other than those required by law.

Article 153. When distributing its after-tax profits in a given year, the Company shall allocate 10% of such profits to the Company’s statutory common reserve fund. Where the accumulated amount of the statutory common reserve fund reaches 50% or more of the registered capital of the Company, no further allocation is required.

Where the statutory common reserve fund is insufficient to make up for the losses of the Company in the previous year, before making contribution to the statutory common reserve fund, the profits made in the current year shall be used to make up for the losses first.

After making contribution to the statutory common reserve fund from its after-tax profits, the Company may, subject to resolutions adopted at a shareholders’ general meeting, make contributions to discretionary common reserve fund.

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After making up for the losses and making contributions to the common reserve fund, any remaining profits shall be distributed to the shareholders in proportion to their respective shareholdings.

Article 154. The Company shall not allocate dividends or carry out other allocations in the form of bonuses before it has made up for its losses and made allocations to the statutory common reserve fund. Dividends paid by the Company shall not carry any interest except where the Company has failed to pay the dividends to the shareholders on the date on which such dividends become payable.

Any amount paid up in advance of calls on any share shall carry interest, but shall not entitle the holder of the share to receive, by way of advance payment, the dividend declared and distributed thereafter.

Article 155. Capital surplus reserve fund includes the following items:

(1) premium on shares issued at a premium price;

(2) any other income designated for the capital surplus reserve fund by the regulations of the finance regulatory department of the State Council.

Article 156. The common reserve funds of the Company shall be applied for making up for losses, expanding the Company’s production and operation or capitalisation. However, the capital surplus reserve fund shall not be applied for making up losses of the Company.

If a general meeting of the Company resolves to capitalise any common reserve fund, the Company shall issue new shares to the existing shareholders in proportion to their respective shareholdings or increase the par value of each share provided that when capitalising the statutory common reserve fund, the balance of such fund shall not be less than 25% of the registered capital.

Article 157. The Company may distribute dividends in the form of:

(1) cash;

(2) shares.

Article 158. The Company shall declare and pay cash dividends and other amounts which are payable to holders of Domestic Shares in Renminbi. The Company shall calculate and declare cash dividends and other payments which are payable to holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares in Renminbi, and shall pay such amounts in Hong Kong dollars. The foreign exchange required by the Company to pay cash dividends and other amounts to holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares shall be obtained in accordance with the relevant foreign exchange administrative regulations of the State.

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Article 159. Unless otherwise provided for in relevant laws and administrative regulations, where cash dividends and other amounts are to be paid in Hong Kong dollars, the applicable exchange rate shall be the average median rate for the relevant foreign currency announced by the People’s Bank of China during the calendar week prior to the declaration of payment of dividend and other amounts.

Article 160. Subject to Article 57(2) and 97(14) of these Articles of Associations, the board of directors may decide to distribute interim or special dividends.

Article 161. When distributing dividends to its shareholders, the Company shall withhold and pay on behalf of its shareholders the taxes levied on the dividends in accordance with the provisions of the PRC tax law.

Article 162. The Company shall appoint receiving agents for holders of the Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares. Such receiving agents shall receive dividends which have been declared by the Company and all other amounts which the Company should pay to holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares on such shareholders’ behalf.

The receiving agents appointed by the Company shall meet the relevant requirements of the laws of the jurisdiction at which the Company’s shares are listed or the relevant regulations of such stock exchange.

The receiving agents appointed for holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares listed in Hong Kong shall each be a company registered as a trust company under the Trustee Ordinance of Hong Kong.

CHAPTER 16: APPOINTMENT OF ACCOUNTANCY FIRM

Article 163. The Company shall appoint an independent firm of accountants which is qualified under the relevant regulations of the State to audit the Company’s annual report and review the Company’s other financial reports.

The first auditors of the Company may be appointed before the first annual general meeting of the Company at the inaugural meeting. Auditors so appointed shall hold office until the conclusion of the first annual general meeting.

If the inaugural meeting does not exercise the powers under the preceding paragraph, those powers shall be exercised by the board of directors.

Article 164. The accountancy firm appointed by the Company shall hold office from the conclusion of the annual general meeting of shareholders at which they were appointed until the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of shareholders.

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Article 165. The accountancy firm appointed by the Company shall enjoy the following rights:

(1) a right to review to the books, records and vouchers of the Company at any time, and the right to require the directors, general manager and other senior officers of the Company to supply relevant information and explanations;

(2) a right to require the Company to take all reasonable steps to obtain from its subsidiaries such information and explanation as are necessary for the discharge of its duties;

(3) a right to attend shareholders’ general meetings and to receive all notices of, and other information relating to, any shareholders’ general meeting which any shareholder is entitled to receive, and to speak at any shareholders’ general meeting in relation to matters concerning its role as the Company’s accountancy firm.

Article 166. If there is a vacancy in the position of accountant of the Company, the board of directors may appoint an accountancy firm to fill such vacancy before the convening of the shareholders’ general meeting. Any other incumbent accountancy firm which has been appointed by the Company may continue to act during the period where such vacancy subsists.

Article 167. The shareholders in a general meeting may by ordinary resolution remove the Company’s accountancy firm before the expiration of its term of office, irrespective of the provisions in the contract between the Company and the Company’s accountancy firm. However, the accountancy firm’s right to claim for damages which arise from its removal shall not be affected.

Article 168. The remuneration of an accountancy firm or the manner in which such firm is to be remunerated shall be determined by the shareholders in a general meeting. The remuneration of an accountancy firm appointed by the board of directors shall be determined by the board of directors.

Article 169. The Company’s appointment, removal or non-renewal of appointment of an accountancy firm shall be resolved by the shareholders in a general meeting. Such resolution shall be filed with the securities authority of the State Council.

Where a resolution at a general meeting of shareholders is passed to appoint an accountancy firm other than an incumbent accountancy firm to fill any casual vacancy in the office of accountancy firm, to re-appoint a retiring accountancy firm that was appointed by the board of directors to fill a casual vacancy, or to dismiss an accountancy firm before the expiration of its term of office, the following provisions shall apply:

(1) A copy of the appointment or removal proposal shall be sent (before notice of meeting is given to the shareholders) to the accountancy firm proposed to be appointed or proposing to leave its post or the firm which has left its post in the relevant fiscal year (leaving includes leaving by removal, resignation and retirement).

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(2) If the accountancy firm leaving its post makes representations in writing and requests the Company to give the shareholders notice of such representations, the Company shall (unless the representations have been received too late) adopt the following measures:

(a) in any notice of the resolution given to shareholders, state the fact of the representations having been made; and

(b) attach a copy of the representations to the notice and deliver it to the shareholders in the manner stipulated in the Company’s Articles of Association.

(3) If the Company fails to send out the accountancy firm’s representations in the manner set out in sub-paragraph (2) above, such accountancy firm may require that the representations be read out at the meeting and may make further appeals to the meeting.

(4) An accountancy firm which is leaving its post shall be entitled to attend the following shareholders’ general meetings:

(a) the general meeting at which its term of office would otherwise have expired;

(b) the general meeting at which it is proposed to fill the vacancy caused by its removal; and

(c) the general meeting which is convened as a result of its resignation,

and to receive all notices of, and other information relating to, any such meeting, and to speak at any such meeting which concerns it as a former accountancy firm of the Company.

Article 170. Prior notice should be given to the accountancy firm if the Company decides to remove such accountancy firm or not to renew its appointment. Such accountancy firm shall be entitled to make representations at the shareholders’ general meeting. Where the accountancy firm resigns from its position, it shall make clear to the shareholders in a general meeting whether there has been any impropriety on the part of the Company.

An accountancy firm may resign its office by depositing at the Company’s registered address a resignation notice which shall become effective on the date of such deposit or on such later date as may be stipulated in such notice. Such notice shall contain the following statements:

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(1) a statement to the effect that there are no circumstances connected with its resignation which it considers should be brought to the notice of the shareholders or creditors of the Company; or

(2) a statement of any of the foregoing circumstances.

The Company shall, within fourteen (14) days after receipt of the notice referred to in the preceding paragraph, send a copy of the notice to the relevant regulatory authority. If the notice contains a statement under the preceding sub-paragraph (2), a copy of such statement shall be placed at the Company for shareholders’ inspection. The Company should also send a copy of such statement by prepaid mail to every shareholder of Overseas-Listed Foreign Shares at the address registered in the register of shareholders.

Where the accountancy firm’s notice of resignation contains a statement in respect of the above, it may require the board of directors to convene a shareholders’ extraordinary general meeting for the purpose of receiving an explanation of the circumstances connected with its resignation.

CHAPTER 17: MERGER AND DIVISION OF THE COMPANY

Article 171. In the event of the merger or division of the Company, a plan shall be presented by the Company’s board of directors and shall be approved in accordance with the procedures stipulated in the Company’s Articles of Association. The Company shall then undertake the relevant approval process in a manner prescribed by law. A shareholder who objects to the plan of merger or division shall have the right to demand the Company or the shareholders who consent to the plan of merger or division to acquire such dissenting shareholders’ shareholding at a fair price.

The contents of the resolution of merger or division of the Company shall be compiled into special documents which shall be available for inspection by the shareholders of the Company. Such special documents shall be sent by post to holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares.

Article 172. The merger of the Company may take the form of either merger by absorption or merger by the establishment of a new company.

In the event of a merger, the merging parties shall execute a merger agreement and prepare a balance sheet and an inventory of assets. The Company shall notify its creditors within ten (10) days of the date of the Company’s resolution approving the merger and shall publish a public notice in a newspaper within thirty (30) days of the date of the Company’s resolution approving the merger.

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Upon the merger, receivables and indebtedness of each of the merger parties shall be assumed by the company which survives the merger or the newly established company.

Article 173. Where there is a division of the Company, its assets shall be divided up accordingly.

In the event of division of the Company, the parties to such division shall execute a division agreement and prepare a balance sheet and an inventory of assets. The Company shall notify its creditors within ten (10) days of the date of the Company’s resolution approving the division and shall publish a public announcement in a newspaper within thirty (30) days of the date of the Company’s resolution approving the division.

Debts of the Company prior to division shall be assumed by the companies which exist after the division in accordance with the agreement of the parties.

Article 174. The Company shall, in accordance with law, apply for change in its registration particulars with the companies registration authority where a change in any item in its registration arises as a result of any merger or division. Where the Company is dissolved, the Company shall apply for cancellation of its registration in accordance with law. Where a new company is established, that company shall apply for registration in accordance with the law.

CHAPTER 18: DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION

Article 175. The Company shall be dissolved and liquidated in accordance with the law upon the occurrence of any of the following events:

(1) a resolution for dissolution is passed by shareholders at a general meeting;

(2) dissolution is necessary due to a merger or division of the Company;

(3) the Company is declared insolvent in accordance with the law due to its failure to repay debts as they become due; and

(4) the Company is ordered to wind-up because of its violation of laws and administrative regulations.

Article 176. A liquidation committee shall be set up within fifteen (15) days of the Company being dissolved pursuant to sub-paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, and the composition of the liquidation committee of the Company shall be determined by an ordinary resolution of shareholders in a general meeting. If the Company fails to set up the liquidation committee within the above time limit, the creditors may apply to the People’s Court for appointment of relevant persons to form a liquidation committee and conduct the liquidation.

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Where the Company is dissolved under sub-paragraph (3) of the preceding Article, the People’s Court shall in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws organise the shareholders, the relevant organisations and the relevant professional personnel to establish a liquidation committee to carry out the liquidation.

Where the Company is dissolved under sub-paragraph (4) of the preceding Article, the relevant governing authorities shall organise the shareholders, the relevant organisations and professional personnel to establish a liquidation committee to carry out the liquidation.

Article 177. Where the board of directors proposes to liquidate the Company for any reason other than the Company’s declaration of its own insolvency, the board shall include a statement in its notice convening a shareholders’ general meeting to consider the proposal to the effect that, after making full inquiry into the affairs of the Company, the board of directors is of the opinion that the Company will be able to pay its debts in full within twelve (12) months from the commencement of the liquidation.

Upon the passing of the resolution by the shareholders in a general meeting for the liquidation of the Company, all functions and powers of the board of directors shall immediately cease.

The liquidation committee shall act in accordance with the instructions of the shareholders’ general meeting to make a report at least once every year to the shareholders’ general meeting on the committee’s income and expenses, the business of the Company and the progress of the liquidation, and to present a final report to the shareholders’ general meeting on completion of the liquidation.

Article 178. The liquidation committee shall, within ten (10) days of its establishment, send notices to the Company’s creditors and shall, within sixty (60) days of its establishment, publish a public announcement in a newspaper.

Article 179. During the liquidation period, the liquidation committee shall exercise the following functions and powers:

(1) to put in order the Company’s assets and prepare a balance sheet and an inventory of assets respectively;

(2) to notify the creditors or to publish public announcements;

(3) to handle of and liquidate any outstanding businesses of the Company;

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(4) to pay all outstanding taxes;

(5) to settle claims and debts;

(6) to deal with the surplus assets remaining after the Company’s debts have been repaid;

(7) to represent the Company in any civil proceedings.

Article 180. After the liquidation committee has put in order the Company’s assets and prepared the balance sheet and an inventory of assets, the liquidation committee shall formulate a liquidation plan and present it to a shareholders’ general meeting or to the relevant governing authority for confirmation.

After the payment of liquidation expenses with priority, the Company’s assets shall be distributed in accordance with the following sequence: (i) salaries and labour insurance expenses of employees of the Company; (ii) outstanding taxes; (iii) bank loans, debentures of the company and other debts of the Company.

Any surplus assets of the Company remaining after payment referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be distributed to its shareholders according to the class of shares and the proportion of shares held in the following sequence:

(1) In the case of preferential shares, distribution shall be made to holders of such preferential shares according to the par value thereof; if the surplus assets are not sufficient to repay the amount of preferential shares in full, the distribution shall be made to holders of such shares in proportion to their respective shareholdings.

(2) In the case of ordinary shares, distribution shall be made to holders of such shares in proportion to their respective shareholdings.

During the liquidation period, the Company shall not commence any new business activities.

Article 181. If after putting the Company’s assets in order and preparing a balance sheet and an inventory of assets in connection with the liquidation of the Company, the liquidation committee discovers that the Company’s assets are insufficient to repay the Company’s debts in full, the liquidation committee shall immediately apply to the People’s Court for a declaration of insolvency.

After a Company is declared insolvent by a ruling of the People’s Court, the liquidation committee shall transfer all matters arising from the liquidation to the People’s Court.

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Article 182. Following the completion of the liquidation, the liquidation committee shall prepare a liquidation report, a statement of income and expenses received and made during the liquidation period and a financial report, which shall be verified by a Chinese registered accountant and submitted to the shareholders’ general meeting or the relevant governing authority for confirmation.

The liquidation committee shall, within thirty (30) days after such confirmation, submit the documents referred to in the preceding paragraph to the companies registration authority and apply for cancellation of registration of the Company, and publish a public announcement relating to the termination of the Company.

CHAPTER 19: PROCEDURES FOR AMENDMENT OF THE COMPANY’S ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

Article 183. The Company may amend its Articles of Association in accordance with the requirements of laws, administrative regulations and the Company’s Articles of Association.

Article 184. Save as otherwise specified in Articles 61 and 81 of these Articles of Association, the following procedure shall be followed when amending the these Articles of Association:

(1) The board of directors shall adopt a resolution thereon in accordance with these Articles of Associations and prepare a proposal for amendment of the Articles; or the shareholders may present a motion for amendment of the Articles;

(2) The foregoing proposal shall be furnished to the shareholders and a shareholders’ meeting shall be convened for voting on it;

(3) The amendments presented to the shareholders’ meeting shall be adopted through a special resolution.

Article 185. Amendment of the Company’s Articles of Association which involves the contents of the Mandatory Provisions of Overseas-Listed Companies’ Articles of Association shall become effective upon receipt of approvals by the authorities that are authorised by the State Council to examine and approve Companies.

Article 186. Where amendment of the Articles of Association involves the registered particulars of the Company, procedures for alteration of registration shall be handled in accordance with the law.

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CHAPTER 20: NOTICES

Article 187. Subject to the proper compliance of all the applicable laws, rules and regulations (including but not limited to the rules of the designated stock exchanges) and obtaining all the required consent (if any), any notice or document published by the Company (including but not limited to the “Corporate Communication” as defined by the rules of the designated stock exchanges) could be delivered by the following methods:

(1) by hand;

(2) by post;

(3)       by sending it to the facsimile number or other number of electronic communication (including but not limited to email address) or website as provided by the addressee to the Company for the said purpose;

(4)      by public announcement;

(5)      by uploading the notice or document to the website of the Company or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and issuing a notice to the addressee for notifying him/her on the availability of such notice or document on such website (the “Availability Notice”). The Company shall deliver the Availability Notice to the holders of overseas listed foreign shares by hand or by pre-paid post;

(6)      by any other methods as agreed between the Company and the addressee or as accepted by the addressee after the notice is received; or

(7)      by any other methods as authorized by the relevant regulatory body of the place of listing of the Company or as stipulated by the Articles of Association.

In case of joint holders of shares, all the notices or documents shall be delivered to the holder whose name stands first in the register of members and such notices or documents delivered thereby shall be deemed duly delivered to and received by all such joint holders.

Unless as otherwise provided for in these Articles of Association, all the notices, materials or written statements issued by the Company to holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares shall be delivered by hand or by pre-paid post to the registered address of each holder of such shares.

Any notice or document shall be:

Article 188. (1)      Deemed issued when the envelope containing such notice was put into post-box, and deemed duly received after 48 hours thereafter if it was delivered by post, provided that the address was clearly written, postage fee was pre-paid and the said notice was put inside such envelope.

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(2)      Deemed delivered on the receiving date (i.e. the sending date) if it was sent by facsimile, in such case the receiving date shall be the date shown on the facsimile transmission report. If it was sent as an electronic message, it shall be deemed delivered on the date when the message was transmitted from the server of the Company or its agent.

(3)      Deemed delivered on the date when the availability notice is deemed delivered to the shareholder if the notice or document was uploaded onto the website of the Company.

(4)      Deemed delivered on the date when the notice or document is published for the first time if it is published as a public announcement, provided that such announcement shall be published on newspaper provided for the relevant rules.

(5)      Deemed delivered at the time it is delivered by hand or (as the case may be) at the time of such delivery is deemed delivered if the notice or document is sent or delivered by any other methods as stipulated in the Articles of Association.

Article 189. If the listing rules in the listing place require the Company to dispatch, mail, distribute, issue or otherwise provide the relevant document of the Company in English and in Chinese, the Company shall be allowed to deliver either the English or the Chinese version in accordance with the choice of the shareholder, provided that the Company has made appropriate arrangement to confirm whether the shareholders would like to receive either the English or the Chinese version and subject to and to the extent as permitted by the applicable laws and regulations.

CHAPTER 21: DISPUTE RESOLUTION

Article 190. The Company shall abide by the following principles for dispute resolution:

(1)      Whenever any disputes or claims arise between: holders of the Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares and the Company; holders of the Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares and the Company’s directors, supervisors, general manager or other senior officers; or holders of the Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares and holders of Domestic Shares, in respect of any rights or obligations arising from these Articles of Association, the Company Law or any rights or obligations conferred or imposed by the Company Law and other relevant laws and administrative regulations concerning the affairs of the Company, such disputes or claims shall be referred by the relevant parties to arbitration.

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Where a dispute or claim of rights referred to in the preceding paragraph is referred to arbitration, the entire claim or dispute must be referred to arbitration, and all persons who have a cause of action based on the same facts giving rise to the dispute or claim or whose participation is necessary for the resolution of such dispute or claim, shall, where such person is the Company, the Company’s shareholders, directors, supervisors, general manager, or other senior officers of the Company, shall comply with the arbitration award. Disputes in respect of the definition of shareholders and disputes in relation to the register of shareholders need not be resolved by arbitration.

(2)      A claimant may elect for arbitration to be carried out at either the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with its Rules or the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre in accordance with its Securities Arbitration Rules. Once a claimant refers a dispute or claim to arbitration, the other party must submit to the jurisdiction of arbitral body elected by the claimant.

If a claimant elects for arbitration to be carried out at Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre, any party to the dispute or claim may apply for a hearing to take place in Shenzhen in accordance with the Securities Arbitration Rules of the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre.

(3)      If any disputes or claims of rights are arbitrated in accordance with sub-paragraph (1) of this Article, the laws of the PRC shall apply, save as otherwise provided in the laws and administrative regulations.

(4)      The award of an arbitral body shall be final and conclusive and binding on all parties.

CHAPTER 22: SUPPLEMENTARY

Article 191. The newspapers required by these Articles of Association for the publication of announcements shall be those designated or required by the relevant State laws and administrative regulations. If it is necessary to make an announcement to holders of Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares as required by these Articles of Association, the relevant announcement shall at the same time be published in the newspapers designated by the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited in accordance with the provisions for “press announcements” set out therein.

Article 192. The board of directors of the Company shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Articles of Association, and the shareholders in general meeting shall have the right to amend the Articles of Association.

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Article 193. These Articles of Association are written in Chinese. If there is any discrepancy between the Chinese version and any other translated versions, the Chinese version shall prevail.

Article 194. In these Articles of Association, reference to “accountancy firm” shall have the same meaning as “auditor”.

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EX-4.72

Exhibit 4.72

CHINA TELECOM CORPORATION LIMITED

and

CHINA TOWER CORPORATION LIMITED

SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT

TO

COMMERCIAL PRICING AGREEMENT

This Supplemental Agreement to Commercial Pricing Agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into by and between the following two parties on 1 February 2018 in Beijing, China:

(1) China Telecom Corporation Limited, a joint stock company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“Party A” or “China Telecom”), whose registered office is at 31 Jinrong Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, and whose legal representative is Yang Jie;

(2) China Tower Corporation Limited, a joint stock company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“Party B” or “China Tower”), whose registered office is at 19/F, 73 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, and whose legal representative is Liu Aili;

(together, the “Parties” and, individually, a “Party”).

WHEREAS:

On 8 July 2016, the Parties entered into the Commercial Pricing Agreement. Pursuant to the Commercial Pricing Agreement, their respective provincial subsidiaries entered into Provincial Service Agreements (I).

THEREFORE, upon mutual negotiations and discussions on an arm’s length basis, the Parties hereby agree on supplementary provisions to the Commercial Pricing Agreement as follows:

Article 1 The pricing of tower products stated in Annex 1 Product Catalogue and Pricing of the Commercial Pricing Agreement shall be adjusted, including: markup margin rate shall be adjusted from 15% to 10%; the sharing discount rate for base price applicable to towers shared by two lessees shall be increased from 20% to 30%, and that applicable to towers shared by three lessees shall be increased from 30% to 40%, with the extra 5% discount entitled by the first occupier unchanged; for certain provinces, the adjustment coefficient to reflect difference of standardized construction costs of new tower products in different geographical areas and the discount rate applicable to Acquired Towers shall be adjusted; the existing sharing discount policy shall be extended to 31 December 2019, upon which time the Parties shall negotiate the pricing terms in this regard. Details of the adjustment are attached as Annex 1 to the Agreement.

Article 2 The adjusted Product Catalogue and Pricing shall be effective from 1 January 2018 and acknowledged by the respective provincial companies or municipal companies of the Parties by entering into Product Confirmation Note or Bulk Product Lease Commencement Confirmation.

Article 3 The term of the Agreement shall be five years, effective from 1 January 2018 and expiring on 31 December 2022. Prior to expiry, the Parties shall negotiate the pricing terms thereafter.

Article 4 The Agreement and its annexes shall constitute important supplements to the Commercial Pricing Agreement. The provisions in this Agreement and its annexes shall prevail over any and all prior oral or written consultation or agreement or arrangement in any form entered into by the Parties and their subsidiaries, to the extent inconsistent. Matters not specified hereunder shall be subject to any other agreements or arrangements entered into by the Parties.

Article 5 The Agreement shall become effective from the date when it is executed by the legal representatives or authorized representatives and stamped with the respective corporate seals of the Parties.

Article 6 The Agreement is written in Chinese and shall be executed simultaneously in six counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to have the same binding legal effects. Each Party shall hold three copies.

(No text below and the signature pages to the Supplemental Agreement to the Commercial Pricing Agreement between China Telecom Corporation Limited and China Tower Corporation Limited (Ref. No.HQGF01800160GGY00) to follow)

Party A:

China Telecom Corporation Limited (chop)

Legal Representative (or Authorized Representative):

/s/ TANG Ke                            

(signature)

Party B:

China Tower Corporation Limited (chop)

Legal Representative (or Authorized Representative):

/s/ MA Wu                                

(signature)

Annex 1: Adjustment to Product Catalogue and Pricing

I. Tower Products

(i) New Tower Products

2. Product Pricing

(1) Pricing Formula

⑤ Markup margin rate: the 15% shall be changed into 10%.

⑧ Sharing discount rate:

Table 4: Sharing Discount Rate 1 (Sharing Discount Rate for Base Price) shall be changed into:

	Sole User	Shared by Two Companies	Shared by Three Companies
First-Occupier Lessee	–	35% discount	45% discount
Other Lessees	–	30% discount	40% discount

(2) Adjustment of the Standardized Construction Costs

The original:

“Considering that the construction costs vary in different provinces of China, the 31 provinces are divided into four categories. The following coefficients shall be applied to the adjustment of construction costs based on the national Standard construction costs:

Category 1: Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Jilin, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Henan, Shanxi, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Gansu, Guangdong, Hainan and Xinjiang, 18 provinces in total, for which the adjustment coefficient is 1.0;

Category 2: Hebei, Chongqing, Shandong, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan, 7 provinces in total, for which the adjustment coefficient is 0.9;

Category 3: Beijing, Tianjin and Ningxia, 3 provinces in total, for which the adjustment coefficient is 1.1;

Category 4: Shanghai, Tibet and Qinghai, 3 provinces in total, for which the adjustment coefficients are 1.86 for Shanghai, 2.38 for Tibet and 1.26 for Qinghai, respectively, consistent with the pricing of Acquired Towers.”

shall be changed into:

“Considering that the construction costs vary in different provinces of China, the construction costs for each province shall be adjusted according to the coefficients listed in Schedule 3 based on the national standardized construction costs”. [See the revised Schedule 3]

(ii) Acquired Tower Products

2. Product Pricing

① The discount rate:

The discount rate applicable for each province shall be revised. See Revised Schedule 3 for the revised discount rate applicable to each province.

⑥ Sharing discount:

The original:

“For the Existing Sharing Parties: Prior to 2018, they will be charged at 30% of each of the base price and the site cost. The former owner shall be entitled to the first-occupier discount for the base price, with the site cost to be charged at 70% (if there are two lessees) or 40% (if there are three lessees). When the third party starts sharing the Acquired Tower, the prices for the Existing Sharing Parties shall remain unchanged; the former owner shall be entitled to the first-occupier discount (namely, to be charged at 65% of the base price and 45% of the site cost). However, effective from January 1, 2018, the pricing rules applicable to the Existing Sharing Parties shall be the same as those applicable to the New Sharing Parties. ”

shall be changed into:

“For the Existing Sharing Parties: Prior to 31 December 2019, they will be charged at 30% of each of the base price and the site cost. The former owner shall be entitled a 70% discount (if there are two lessees) or 60% discount (if there are three lessees) for the base price, with the site cost to be charged at 70% (if there are two lessees) or 40% (if there are three lessees). When the third party starts sharing the Acquired Tower, the prices for the Existing Sharing Parties shall remain unchanged; the former owner shall be charged at 60% of the base price and 45% of the site cost.”

V. Adjustment Mechanism

The original:

“To take into account factors such as inflation, the Parties shall adjust the maintenance cost and the site cost for the year with reference to the prior year’s CPI (Consumer Price Index) published by the national statistical authority. Such adjustment shall be effective from January 1st of the year and applied retrospectively.

Should there be significant fluctuations in the real estate market or steel prices, the Parties shall negotiate and make adjustments to site cost, product prices and others accordingly.

Upon the expiration of the depreciable life (10 years) of towers, the Parties shall negotiate separately the applicable adjustments based on the actual business operation of China Tower.

If there is any material change in the actual business operation of China Tower, such as the share rate, construction cost and profit differing from the forecast in 2016, the pricing mechanism hereunder shall be adjusted by the end of 2016.”

shall be changed into:

“To take into account factors such as inflation, the Parties may research to adjust the maintenance expense and the site cost for the year with reference to the prior year’s CPI (Consumer Price Index) published by the national statistical authority. In case of adjustment, such adjustment shall be effective from January 1st of the year.

Should there be significant fluctuations in the real estate market or steel prices, the Parties shall negotiate and make adjustments to site cost, product prices and others accordingly.”

“Schedule 3: Discount Rate of Acquired Towers”

shall be changed into:

Schedule 3: Adjustment coefficients of Standard construction costs for New Towers & Discount Rate of Acquired Towers

Number	Province	Adjustment coefficients of Standard construction costs for New Towers	Discount Rate of Acquired Towers
1	Beijing	1.1	0.94
2	Tianjin	1.1	0.98
3	Hebei	0.9	0.67
4	Shanxi	1.0	0.73
5	Inner Mongolia	1.0	0.88
6	Liaoning	1.0	0.84
7	Jilin	1.0	0.74
8	Heilongjiang	1.0	0.74
9	Shanghai	1.8	1.80
10	Jiangsu	1.0	0.79
11	Zhejiang	1.0	0.83
12	Anhui	1.0	0.80
13	Fujian	1.0	0.79
14	Jiangxi	0.9	0.75
15	Shandong	0.9	0.71
16	Henan	1.0	0.82
17	Hubei	1.0	0.79
18	Hunan	1.0	0.70
19	Guangdong	1.0	0.99
20	Guangxi	1.0	0.78
21	Hainan	1.0	1.44
22	Chongqing	0.9	0.74
23	Sichuan	1.0	0.85
24	Guizhou	0.9	0.73
25	Yunnan	0.9	0.70
26	Tibet	1.8	1.80
27	Shaanxi	0.9	0.67
28	Gansu	1.0	0.79
29	Qinghai	1.1	1.10
30	Ningxia	1.1	1.01
31	Xinjiang	1.0	1.14

EX-8.1

Exhibit 8.1

List of Subsidiaries

Name	Jurisdiction of Incorporation
China Telecom Global Limited (formerly known as China Telecom (Hong Kong) International Limited)	Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
China Telecom (Europe) Limited	London, United Kingdom
China Telecom System Integration Co., Limited	The People’s Republic of China
China Telecom (Americas) Corporation	Delaware, United States of America
China Telecom Best Tone Information Service Co., Limited	The People’s Republic of China
Zhejiang Yixin Technology Co., Ltd.	The People’s Republic of China
China Telecom (Macau) Company Limited (formerly known as China Unicom (Macau) Company Limited)	Macau Special Administrative Region
Tianyi Telecom Terminals Company Limited (formerly known as Unicom Huasheng Telecommunications Technology Company Limited)	The People’s Republic of China
E-surfing Pay Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Bestpay Co., Ltd.)	The People’s Republic of China
Shenzhen Shekou Telecommunications Company Limited	The People’s Republic of China
iMUSIC Culture & Technology Co., Ltd.	The People’s Republic of China
Tianyi Capital Holding Co., Ltd.	The People’s Republic of China

EX-12.1

Exhibit 12.1

Certification

I, Yang Jie, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of China Telecom Corporation Limited (the “Company”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;

4. The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this annual report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 27, 2018

/s/ Yang Jie
Name:	Yang Jie
Title:	Chief Executive Officer

EX-12.2

Exhibit 12.2

Certification

I, Gao Tongqing, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of China Telecom Corporation Limited (the “Company”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;

4. The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this annual report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 27, 2018

/s/ Gao Tongqing
Name:	Gao Tongqing
Title:	Executive Director and Executive Vice President (performing the functions of the principal financial officer)

EX-13.1

Exhibit 13.1

Certification

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, the undersigned officer of China Telecom Corporation Limited (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to his knowledge, that the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: April 27, 2018

/s/ Yang Jie
Name:	Yang Jie
Title:	Chief Executive Officer

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.

EX-13.2

Exhibit 13.2

Certification

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, the undersigned officer of China Telecom Corporation Limited (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to his knowledge, that the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: April 27, 2018

/s/ Gao Tongqing
Name:	Gao Tongqing
Title:	Executive Director and Executive Vice President (performing the functions of the principal financial officer)

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.

XML

Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 shares
Document information [Line Items]
Document Type	20-F
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	CHA
Entity Registrant Name	CHINA TELECOM CORP LTD
Entity Central Index Key	0001191255
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	67,054,958,321
Overseas listed H shares [member]
Document information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	13,877,410,000

XML

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	¥ 19,410	¥ 24,617
Short-term bank deposits	3,100	3,331
Accounts receivable, net	22,096	21,465
Inventories	4,123	5,106
Prepayments and other current assets	22,128	19,565
Income tax recoverable	693	50
Total current assets	71,550	74,134
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net	406,257	389,671
Construction in progress	73,106	80,386
Lease prepayments	22,262	22,955
Goodwill	29,920	29,923
Intangible assets	12,391	11,244
Interests in associates	35,726	34,572
Investments	1,154	1,535
Deferred tax assets	5,479	5,061
Other assets	3,349	3,077
Total non-current assets	589,644	578,424
Total assets	661,194	652,558
Current liabilities
Short-term debt	54,558	40,780
Current portion of long-term debt and payable	1,146	62,276
Accounts payable	119,321	122,493
Accrued expenses and other payables	98,695	91,173
Income tax payable	404	1,106
Current portion of finance lease obligations	51	52
Current portion of deferred revenues	1,233	1,253
Total current liabilities	275,408	319,133
Non-current liabilities
Long-term debt	48,596	9,370
Finance lease obligations	26	50
Deferred revenues	1,828	2,305
Deferred tax liabilities	8,010	4,770
Other non-current liabilities	629	582
Total non-current liabilities	59,089	17,077
Total liabilities	334,497	336,210
Equity
Share capital	80,932	80,932
Reserves	244,935	234,445
Total equity attributable to equity holders of the Company	325,867	315,377
Non-controlling interests	830	971
Total equity	326,697	316,348
Total liabilities and equity	¥ 661,194	¥ 652,558

[1] restated

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Profit or loss [abstract]
Operating revenues	¥ 366,229	¥ 352,534		¥ 331,517
Operating expenses
Depreciation and amortization	(74,951)	(67,942)		(67,666)
Network operations and support	(103,969)	(94,156)		(81,433)
Selling, general and administrative	(58,434)	(56,426)		(54,480)
Personnel expenses	(56,043)	(54,504)		(52,586)
Other operating expenses	(45,612)	(52,286)		(48,905)
Total operating expenses	(339,009)	(325,314)		(305,070)
Operating income	27,220	27,220		26,447
Gain from Tower Assets Disposal				5,214
Net finance costs	(3,291)	(3,235)		(4,273)
Investment income	147	40		8
Equity in income /(loss) of associates	877	91		(698)
Earnings before income tax	24,953	24,116		26,698
Income tax	(6,192)	(5,993)		(6,552)
Profit for the year	18,761	18,123		20,146
Other comprehensive income for the year, Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Change in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities	(400)	(228)		652
Deferred tax on change in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities	100	57		(163)
Exchange difference on translation of financial statements of subsidiaries outside mainland China	(259)	190		129
Share of other comprehensive income of associates	7	6		3
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax	(552)	25		621
Total comprehensive income for the year	18,209	18,148		20,767
Profit attributable to
Equity holders of the Company	18,617	18,018		20,058
Non-controlling interests	144	105		88
Profit for the year	18,761	18,123		20,146
Total comprehensive income attributable to
Equity holders of the Company	18,065	18,043		20,679
Non-controlling interests	144	105		88
Total comprehensive income for the year	¥ 18,209	¥ 18,148		¥ 20,767
Basic earnings per share	¥ 0.23	¥ 0.22		¥ 0.25
Number of shares	80,932,368,321	80,932,368,321		80,932,368,321

[1] restated

XML

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions		Total		Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]	Share capital [member]	Capital reserve [member]	Capital reserve [member] Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]	Share premium [member]	Surplus reserve [member]	Other reserves [Member]	Exchange reserve [member]	Retained earnings [member]	Retained earnings [member] Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]	Attributable to equity holders of the company [member]	Attributable to equity holders of the company [member] Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]	Non-controlling interests [member]
Beginning balance (Previously stated [member]) at Dec. 31, 2014		¥ 290,108			¥ 80,932	¥ 17,064		¥ 10,746	¥ 69,072	¥ 384	¥ (941)	¥ 111,926		¥ 289,183		¥ 925
Beginning balance (Business combinations adjustment [member]) at Dec. 31, 2014				¥ 35			¥ 10						¥ 25		¥ 35
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2014	[1]	290,143			80,932	17,074		10,746	69,072	384	(941)	111,951		289,218		925
Profit for the year | Previously stated [member]		20,142
Profit for the year | Business combinations adjustment [member]				4
Profit for the year	[1]	20,146										20,058		20,058		88
Other comprehensive income for the year		621	[1]							492	129			621
Total comprehensive income for the year	[1]	20,767								492	129	20,058		20,679		88
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		(7)				(1)								(1)		(6)
Contribution from non-controlling interests		127				87								87		40
Distribution to non-controlling interests		(80)														(80)
Dividends		(6,160)										(6,160)		(6,160)
Appropriations									1,901			(1,901)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2015	[1]	304,790			80,932	17,160		10,746	70,973	876	(812)	123,948		303,823		967
Profit for the year | Previously stated [member]		18,109
Profit for the year | Business combinations adjustment [member]				14
Profit for the year	[1]	18,123										18,018		18,018		105
Other comprehensive income for the year		25	[1]							(165)	190			25
Total comprehensive income for the year	[1]	18,148								(165)	190	18,018		18,043		105
Disposal of a subsidiary		(15)														(15)
Distribution to non-controlling interests		(86)														(86)
Dividends		(6,489)										(6,489)		(6,489)
Appropriations									1,638			(1,638)
Ending balance (Previously stated [member]) at Dec. 31, 2016		316,295
Ending balance (Business combinations adjustment [member]) at Dec. 31, 2016				¥ 53
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	316,348			80,932	17,160		10,746	72,611	711	(622)	133,839		315,377		971
Profit for the year		18,761										18,617		18,617		144
Other comprehensive income for the year		(552)								(293)	(259)			(552)
Total comprehensive income for the year		18,209								(293)	(259)	18,617		18,065		144
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group		(87)				(80)	¥ (80)					(7)	¥ (7)	(87)
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		(150)				46								46		(196)
Distribution to non-controlling interests		(89)														(89)
Dividends		(7,530)										(7,530)		(7,530)
Appropriations									1,686			(1,686)
Others		(4)								(4)				(4)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2017		¥ 326,697			¥ 80,932	¥ 17,126		¥ 10,746	¥ 74,297	¥ 414	¥ (881)	¥ 143,233		¥ 325,867		¥ 830

[1] restated

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of cash flows [abstract]
Net cash from operating activities	[1]	¥ 96,502	¥ 101,135	[2]	¥ 108,755	[2]
Cash flows used in investing activities
Capital expenditure		(87,334)	(96,678)	[2]	(101,903)	[2]
Purchase of investments	[3]	(443)	(3,099)	[2]	(10)	[2]
Lease prepayments		(89)	(99)	[2]	(124)	[2]
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment		2,066	1,560	[2]	755	[2]
Proceeds from disposal of lease prepayments		72	10	[2]	58	[2]
Proceeds from disposal of Investments				[2]	2	[2]
Net cash inflow /(outflow) from disposal of a subsidiary		184	(50)	[2]		[2]
Purchase of short-term bank deposits		(2,815)	(3,237)	[2]	(3,764)	[2]
Maturity of short-term bank deposits		3,096	2,550	[2]	2,731	[2]
Net cash used in investing activities		(85,263)	(99,043)	[2]	(102,255)	[2]
Cash flows (used in) / from financing activities
Principal element of finance lease payments		(84)	(59)	[2]	(14)	[2]
Proceeds from bank debt and other loans		123,250	110,446	[2]	67,875	[2]
Repayment of bank debt and other loans		(69,953)	(113,366)	[2]	(56,862)	[2]
Repayment of deferred consideration in respect of the Mobile Network Acquisition (as defined in Note 15)		(61,710)		[2]		[2]
Payment of dividends		(7,530)	(6,489)	[2]	(6,160)	[2]
Payment for the acquisition of non-controlling interests		(31)		[2]	(7)	[2]
Contribution from non-controlling interests				[2]	127	[2]
Cash distributions to non-controlling interests		(89)	(87)	[2]	(150)	[2]
Net cash (used in) / from financing activities		(16,147)	(9,555)	[2]	4,809	[2]
Net (decrease)/ increase in cash and cash equivalents		(4,908)	(7,463)	[2]	11,309	[2]
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	[2]	24,617	31,869		20,436
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rate		(299)	211	[2]	124	[2]
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year		¥ 19,410	¥ 24,617	[2]	¥ 31,869	[2]

[1] Reconciliation of earnings before income tax to net cash from operating activities Year ended December 31, 2015 2016 2017 RMB RMB RMB (restated) (restated) Earnings before income tax 26,698 24,116 24,953 Adjustments for: Depreciation and amortization 67,666 67,942 74,951 Impairment losses for doubtful debts 2,231 2,278 2,036 Impairment losses for long-lived assets 51 62 10 Write down of inventories 147 176 178 Investment income (8 ) (40 ) (147 ) Equity in loss / (income) of associates 698 (91 ) (877 ) Interest income (376 ) (354 ) (429 ) Interest expense 4,574 3,702 3,586 Net foreign exchange loss / (gain) 75 (113 ) 134 Net loss on retirement and disposal of long-lived assets 1,573 1,867 1,841 Gain from Tower Assets Disposal (5,214 ) - - Increase in accounts receivable (1,669 ) (2,306 ) (2,770 ) (Increase) / decrease in inventories (2,205 ) 1,038 905 Increase in prepayments and other current assets (5,877 ) (3,783 ) (2,618 ) (Increase) / decrease in other assets (87 ) 366 (231 ) Increase / (decrease) in accounts payable 22,100 3,755 (4,213 ) Increase in accrued expenses and other payables 7,094 10,878 7,232 Decrease in deferred revenues (417 ) (418 ) (202 ) Cash generated from operations 117,054 109,075 104,339 Interest received 376 366 433 Interest paid (4,602 ) (3,737 ) (3,707 ) Investment income received 27 57 63 Income tax paid (4,100 ) (4,626 ) (4,626 ) Net cash from operating activities 108,755 101,135 96,502

[2] restated

[3] The amount for the year ended December 31, 2016 included the payment for the cash injection amounting to RMB2,966 ("Cash Consideration") to China Tower Corporation Limited ("China Tower") in relation to the disposal of certain telecommunications towers and related assets to China Tower (the "Tower Assets Disposal") in 2015. The Cash Consideration was paid in February 2016.

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Earnings before income tax		¥ 24,953	¥ 24,116	[1]	¥ 26,698	[1]
Adjustments for:
Depreciation and amortization		74,951	67,942	[1]	67,666	[1]
Impairment losses for doubtful debts		2,036	2,278	[1]	2,231	[1]
Impairment losses for long-lived assets		10	62	[1]	51	[1]
Write down of inventories		178	176	[1]	147	[1]
Investment income		(147)	(40)	[1]	(8)	[1]
Equity in (income)/loss of associates		(877)	(91)	[1]	698	[1]
Interest income		(429)	(354)	[1]	(376)	[1]
Interest expense		3,586	3,702	[1]	4,574	[1]
Net foreign exchange loss / (gain)		134	(113)	[1]	75	[1]
Net loss on retirement and disposal of long-lived assets		1,841	1,867	[1]	1,573	[1]
Gain from Tower Assets Disposal				[1]	(5,214)	[1]
Increase in accounts receivable		(2,770)	(2,306)	[1]	(1,669)	[1]
Decrease / (increase) in inventories		905	1,038	[1]	(2,205)	[1]
Increase in prepayments and other current assets		(2,618)	(3,783)	[1]	(5,877)	[1]
(Increase) / decrease in other assets		(231)	366	[1]	(87)	[1]
(Decrease) / increase in accounts payable		(4,213)	3,755	[1]	22,100	[1]
Increase in accrued expenses and other payables		7,232	10,878	[1]	7,094	[1]
Decrease in deferred revenues		(202)	(418)	[1]	(417)	[1]
Cash generated from operations		104,339	109,075	[1]	117,054	[1]
Interest received		433	366	[1]	376	[1]
Interest paid		(3,707)	(3,737)	[1]	(4,602)	[1]
Investment income received		63	57	[1]	27	[1]
Income tax paid		(4,626)	(4,626)	[1]	(4,100)	[1]
Net cash from operating activities	[2]	96,502	101,135	[1]	108,755	[1]
Purchase of investments	[3]	443	3,099	[1]	10	[1]
China Tower Corporation Limited [member]
Adjustments for:
Purchase of investments			¥ 2,966

[1] restated

[2] Reconciliation of earnings before income tax to net cash from operating activities Year ended December 31, 2015 2016 2017 RMB RMB RMB (restated) (restated) Earnings before income tax 26,698 24,116 24,953 Adjustments for: Depreciation and amortization 67,666 67,942 74,951 Impairment losses for doubtful debts 2,231 2,278 2,036 Impairment losses for long-lived assets 51 62 10 Write down of inventories 147 176 178 Investment income (8 ) (40 ) (147 ) Equity in loss / (income) of associates 698 (91 ) (877 ) Interest income (376 ) (354 ) (429 ) Interest expense 4,574 3,702 3,586 Net foreign exchange loss / (gain) 75 (113 ) 134 Net loss on retirement and disposal of long-lived assets 1,573 1,867 1,841 Gain from Tower Assets Disposal (5,214 ) - - Increase in accounts receivable (1,669 ) (2,306 ) (2,770 ) (Increase) / decrease in inventories (2,205 ) 1,038 905 Increase in prepayments and other current assets (5,877 ) (3,783 ) (2,618 ) (Increase) / decrease in other assets (87 ) 366 (231 ) Increase / (decrease) in accounts payable 22,100 3,755 (4,213 ) Increase in accrued expenses and other payables 7,094 10,878 7,232 Decrease in deferred revenues (417 ) (418 ) (202 ) Cash generated from operations 117,054 109,075 104,339 Interest received 376 366 433 Interest paid (4,602 ) (3,737 ) (3,707 ) Investment income received 27 57 63 Income tax paid (4,100 ) (4,626 ) (4,626 ) Net cash from operating activities 108,755 101,135 96,502

[3] The amount for the year ended December 31, 2016 included the payment for the cash injection amounting to RMB2,966 ("Cash Consideration") to China Tower Corporation Limited ("China Tower") in relation to the disposal of certain telecommunications towers and related assets to China Tower (the "Tower Assets Disposal") in 2015. The Cash Consideration was paid in February 2016.

XML

Principal Activities, Organization and Basis of Presentation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Principal Activities, Organization and Basis of Presentation

1. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES, ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Principal activities

China Telecom Corporation Limited (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (hereinafter, collectively referred to as the “Group”) offers a comprehensive range of wireline and mobile telecommunications services including voice, Internet, telecommunication network resource services and lease of network equipment, information and application services and other related services. The Group provides wireline telecommunications services and related services in Beijing Municipality, Shanghai Municipality, Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Anhui Province, Fujian Province, Jiangxi Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Chongqing Municipality, Sichuan Province, Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Hainan Province, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The Group also provides mobile telecommunications and related services in the mainland China and Macau Special Administrative Region (“Macau”) of the PRC. The Group also provides international telecommunications services, including lease of network equipment, International Internet access and transit, Internet data center and mobile virtual network services in certain countries and regions of the Asia Pacific, Europe, Africa, South America and North America. The operations of the Group in the mainland China are subject to the supervision and regulation by the PRC government.

Organization

As part of the reorganization (the “Restructuring”) of China Telecommunications Corporation, the Company was incorporated in the PRC on September 10, 2002. In connection with the Restructuring, China Telecommunications Corporation transferred to the Company the wireline telecommunications business and related operations in Shanghai Municipality, Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province together with the related assets and liabilities (the “Predecessor Operations”) in consideration for 68,317 ordinary domestic shares of the Company. The shares issued to China Telecommunications Corporation have a par value of RMB1.00 each and represented the entire registered and issued share capital of the Company at that date.

On December 31, 2003, the Company acquired the entire equity interests in Anhui Telecom Company Limited, Fujian Telecom Company Limited, Jiangxi Telecom Company Limited, Guangxi Telecom Company Limited, Chongqing Telecom Company Limited and Sichuan Telecom Company Limited (collectively the “First Acquired Group”) and certain network management and research and development facilities from China Telecommunications Corporation for a total purchase price of RMB46,000 (hereinafter, referred to as the “First Acquisition”).

On June 30, 2004, the Company acquired the entire equity interests in Hubei Telecom Company Limited, Hunan Telecom Company Limited, Hainan Telecom Company Limited, Guizhou Telecom Company Limited, Yunnan Telecom Company Limited, Shaanxi Telecom Company Limited, Gansu Telecom Company Limited, Qinghai Telecom Company Limited, Ningxia Telecom Company Limited and Xinjiang Telecom Company Limited (collectively the “Second Acquired Group”) from China Telecommunications Corporation for a total purchase price of RMB27,800 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Second Acquisition”).

On June 30, 2007, the Company acquired the entire equity interests in China Telecom System Integration Co., Ltd. (“CTSI”), China Telecom Global Limited (“CT Global”) and China Telecom (Americas) Corporation (“CT Americas”) (collectively the “Third Acquired Group”) from China Telecommunications Corporation for a total purchase price of RMB1,408 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Third Acquisition”).

On June 30, 2008, the Company acquired the entire equity interest in China Telecom Group Beijing Corporation (“Beijing Telecom” or the “Fourth Acquired Company”) from China Telecommunications Corporation for a total purchase price of RMB5,557 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Fourth Acquisition”).

On August 1, 2011 and December 1, 2011, the subsidiaries of the Company, E-surfing Pay Co., Ltd(“E-surfing Pay”) and E-surfing Media Co., Ltd. (“E-surfing Media”), acquired the e-commerce business and video media business (collectively the “Fifth Acquired Group”) from China Telecommunications Corporation and its subsidiaries for a total purchase price of RMB61 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Fifth Acquisition”). The Company disposed the equity interest in E-surfing Media to China Telecommunications Corporation in 2013

On April 30, 2012, the Company acquired the digital trunking business (the “Sixth Acquired Business”) from Besttone Holding Co., Ltd. (“Besttone Holding”), a subsidiary of China Telecommunications Corporation, at a purchase price of RMB48 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Sixth Acquisition”).

On December 31, 2013, CT Global , a subsidiary of the Company, acquired 100% equity interest in China Telecom (Europe) Limited (“CT Europe” or the “Seventh Acquired Company”), a wholly owned subsidiary of China Telecommunications Corporation, from China Telecommunications Corporation for a total purchase price of RMB278 (hereinafter, referred to as the “Seventh Acquisition”).

Pursuant to an agreement entered into by the Company and Besttone Holding on September 25, 2017, the Company disposed of the 100% equity interest in Chengdu E-store Technology Co., Ltd (“E-store”), a subsidiary of the Company, to Besttone Holding. The initial consideration for the disposal of the equity interest in E-store was RMB249, which was concluded based on the valuation of the equity interests in E-store as of March 31, 2017. In addition, an adjustment was made to the initial consideration to arrive at the final consideration based on the change in the book value of the net assets of E-store during the period from March 31, 2017 to the completion date of the disposal. The control of the equity interest in E-store was transferred to Besttone Holding on October 31, 2017. The final consideration was arrived at RMB251, among which the initial consideration amounting to RMB249 was received on November 16, 2017.

Analysis of assets and liabilities of the disposed subsidiary:

	October 31, 2017
	RMB
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		65
Accounts receivable, net		48
Prepayments and other current assets		67
Non-current Assets
Property, plant and equipment, net		16
Intangible assets		3
Current liabilities
Accounts payable		29
Accrued expenses and other payables		27
Net assets disposal of		143

Gain on disposal of a subsidiary:

	2017
	RMB
Consideration received and receivable		251
Net assets disposed of		(143	)
Gain on disposal		108

The gain on disposal of E-store has been included in investment income of the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Net cash inflow from disposal of a subsidiary:

	2017
	RMB
Consideration received in cash and cash equivalents		249
Less: Cash and cash equivalents disposed of		(65	)
Net cash inflow from disposal of a subsidiary		184

In December 2017, the Company acquired the satellite communications business (the “Satcom Business”) from China Telecom Satellite Communication Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of China Telecommunications Corporation, at a purchase price of RMB70, which has not been settled at the end of the reporting period. In the same month, E-surfing Pay acquired a 100% interest in Shaanxi Zhonghe Hengtai Insurance Agent Limited (“Zhonghe Hengtai”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Shaanxi Communications Services Company Limited (“Shaanxi Comservice”, a company ultimately held by China Telecommunications Corporation), from Shaanxi Comservice, at a purchase price of RMB17, which was fully paid by March 23, 2018. The acquisitions of the Satcom Business and Zhonghe Hengtai (collectively referred to as the “Eighth Acquired Group”) are two separate transactions, which are collectively referred to as the “Eighth Acquisition”.

Hereinafter, the First Acquired Group, the Second Acquired Group, the Third Acquired Group, the Fourth Acquired Company, the Fifth Acquired Group, the Sixth Acquired Business, the Seventh Acquired Company and the Eighth Acquired Group are collectively referred to as the “Acquired Groups”.

Basis of presentation

Since the Group and the Acquired Groups are under common control of China Telecommunications Corporation, the Group’s acquisitions of the Acquired Groups have been accounted for as a combination of entities under common control in a manner similar to a pooling-of-interests.Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of these entities have been accounted for at historical amounts and the consolidated financial statements of the Group prior to the acquisitions are combined with the financial statements of the Acquired Groups. The considerations for the acquisition of the Acquired Groups are accounted for as an equity transaction in the consolidated statement of changes in equity.

The consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2016 as previously reported by the Group and the combined amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements of the Group to reflect the acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group are set out below:

	The Group (as previously reported) RMB		The Eighth Acquired Group RMB		The Group (restated) RMB
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2015:
Operating revenues		331,202		315		331,517
Profit for the year		20,142		4		20,146
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2016:
Operating revenues		352,285		249		352,534
Profit for the year		18,109		14		18,123
Consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2016:
Total assets		652,368		190		652,558
Total liabilities		336,073		137		336,210
Total equity		316,295		53		316,348

For the periods presented, all significant transactions and balances between the Group and the Eighth Acquired Group have been eliminated on combination.

Merger with subsidiaries

Pursuant to the resolution passed by the Company’s shareholders at an Extraordinary General Meeting held on February 25, 2008, the Company entered into merger agreements with each of the following subsidiaries: Shanghai Telecom Company Limited, Guangdong Telecom Company Limited, Jiangsu Telecom Company Limited, Zhejiang Telecom Company Limited, Anhui Telecom Company Limited, Fujian Telecom Company Limited, Jiangxi Telecom Company Limited, Guangxi Telecom Company Limited, Chongqing Telecom Company Limited, Sichuan Telecom Company Limited, Hubei Telecom Company Limited, Hunan Telecom Company Limited, Hainan Telecom Company Limited, Guizhou Telecom Company Limited, Yunnan Telecom Company Limited, Shaanxi Telecom Company Limited, Gansu Telecom Company Limited, Qinghai Telecom Company Limited, Ningxia Telecom Company Limited and Xinjiang Telecom Company Limited. In addition, the Company entered into merger agreement with Beijing Telecom on July 1, 2008. Pursuant to these merger agreements, the Company merged with these subsidiaries and the assets, liabilities and business operations of these subsidiaries were transferred to the Company’s branches in the respective regions.

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Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Significant Accounting Policies

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Basis of preparation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared on a going concern basis. These consolidated financial statements were approved and authorized by the Board of Directors on March 28, 2018.

The consolidated financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis as modified by the revaluation of certain available-for-sale equity securities at fair value (Note 2(l)).

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

Judgements made by management in the application of IFRS that have significant effect on the consolidated financial statements and major sources of estimation uncertainty are discussed in Note 37.

(b) Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements comprise the Company and its subsidiaries and the Group’s interests in associates.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the Company. When fulfilling the following conditions, the Company has control over an entity: (a) has power over the investee, (b) has exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee, and (c) has the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of the investor’s returns.

When assessing whether the Company has power over that entity, only substantive rights (held by the Company and other parties) are considered.

The financial results of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases, and the profit attributable to non-controlling interests is separately presented on the face of the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as an allocation of the profit or loss for the year between the non-controlling interests and the equity holders of the Company. Non-controlling interests represent the equity in subsidiaries not attributable directly or indirectly to the Company. For each business combination, the Group measures the non-controlling interests at the proportionate share, of the acquisition date, of fair value of the subsidiary’s net identifiable assets. Non-controlling interests at the end of the reporting period are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position within equity and consolidated statement of changes in equity, separately from the equity of the Company’s equity holders. Changes in the Group’s interests in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions, whereby adjustments are made to the amounts of controlling and non-controlling interests within consolidated equity to reflect the change in relative interests, but no adjustments are made to goodwill and no gain or loss is recognized. When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, it is accounted for as a disposal of the entire interest in that subsidiary, with a resulting gain or loss being recognized in profit or loss. Any interest retained in that former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is recognized at fair value and this amount is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition of a financial asset or, when appropriate, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associate or a joint venture.

An associate is an entity, not being a subsidiary, in which the Group exercises significant influence, but not control, over its management. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control over those policies.

An investment in an associate is accounted for in the consolidated financial statements under the equity method and is initially recorded at cost, adjusted for any excess of the Group’s share of the acquisition-date fair values of the investee’s net identifiable assets over the cost of the investment (if any) after reassessment. Thereafter, the investment is adjusted for the Group’s equity share of the post-acquisition changes in the associate’s net assets and any impairment loss relating to the investment. When the Group ceases to have significant influence over an associate, it is accounted for as a disposal of the entire interest in that investee, with a resulting gain or loss being recognized in profit or loss. Any interest retained in that former investee at the date when significant influence is lost is recognized at fair value and this amount is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition of a financial asset.

All significant intercompany balances and transactions and unrealized gains arising from intercompany transactions are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the entity. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

(c) Foreign currencies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in Renminbi (“RMB”). The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries in mainland China is RMB. The functional currency of the Group’s foreign operations is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the foreign operations operate. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are translated into the functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing on the transaction dates. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the end of the reporting period. The resulting exchange differences, other than those capitalized as construction in progress (Note 2(i)), are recognized as income or expense in profit or loss. For the periods presented, no exchange differences were capitalized.

When preparing the Group’s consolidated financial statements, the results of operations of the Group’s foreign operations are translated into RMB at average rate prevailing during the year. Assets and liabilities of the Group’s foreign operations are translated into RMB at the foreign exchange rates ruling at the end of the reporting period. The resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated separately in equity in the exchange reserve.

(d) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and time deposits with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. None of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents is restricted as to withdrawal.

(e) Accounts and other receivables

Accounts and other receivables are initially recognized at fair value and thereafter stated at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less allowance for doubtful debts (Note 2(n)) unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost less allowance for doubtful debts.

(f) Inventories

Inventories consist of materials and supplies used in maintaining the telecommunications network and goods for resale. Inventories are valued at cost using the specific identification method or the weighted average cost method, less a provision for obsolescence.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion, the estimated costs to make the sale and the related tax expenses.

(g) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost, less subsequent accumulated depreciation and impairment losses (Note 2(n)). The cost of an asset comprises its purchase price, any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to working condition and location for its intended use and the cost of borrowed funds used during the periods of construction. Expenditure incurred after the asset has been put into operation, including cost of replacing part of such an item, is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the item of property, plant and equipment and the cost can be measured reliably. All other expenditure is expensed as it is incurred.

Assets held under finance leases (Note 2 (m)) are amortized over the shorter of the lease term and their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. As of December 31, 2017, no asset was held by the Group under finance leases (2016: nil).

Gains or losses arising from retirement or disposal of property, plant and equipment are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the respective asset and are recognized as income or expense in the profit or loss on the date of disposal.

Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of each asset over its estimated useful life on a straight-line basis, after taking into account its estimated residual value, as follows:

	Depreciable lives primarily range from
Buildings and improvements	8 to 30 years
Telecommunications network plant and equipment	5 to 10 years
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment	5 to 10 years

Where parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, the cost of the item is allocated on a reasonable basis between the parts and each part is depreciated separately. Both the useful life of an asset and its residual value are reviewed annually.

During the year, the Group reviewed the estimated useful lives of all property, plant and equipment and changed the depreciable lives of corporate information system equipment ,IPTV equipment and CDN equipment (included in telecommunications network plant and equipment) from 10 years to 5 years. The effect of such changes in accounting estimates is set out in Note 8.

(h) Lease prepayments

Lease prepayments represent land use rights paid. Land use rights are initially carried at cost or deemed cost and then charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the respective periods of the rights which range from 20 years to 70 years.

(i) Construction in progress

Construction in progress represents buildings, telecommunications network plant and equipment and other equipment and intangible assets under construction and pending installation, and is stated at cost less impairment losses (Note 2(n)). The cost of an item comprises direct costs of construction, capitalization of interest charge, and foreign exchange differences on related borrowed funds to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest charges during the periods of construction. Capitalization of these costs ceases and the construction in progress is transferred to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets when the asset is substantially ready for its intended use.

No depreciation is provided in respect of construction in progress.

(j) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the Group’s interest in the fair value of the net assets acquired in the CDMA business (as defined in Note 10) acquisition.

Goodwill is stated at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units and is tested annually for impairment (Note 2(n)). On disposal of a cash generating unit during the year, any attributable amount of the goodwill is included in the calculation of the profit or loss on disposal.

(k) Intangible assets

The Group’s intangible assets are primarily software.

Software that is not an integral part of any tangible assets, is recorded at cost less subsequent accumulated amortization and impairment losses (Note 2(n)). Amortization of software is mainly calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives, which range from three to five years.

(l) Investments

Investments in available-for-sale equity securities are carried at fair value with any change in fair value being recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated separately in equity. For investments in available-for-sale equity securities, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of that investment below its cost is considered to be objective evidence of impairment. When these investments are derecognized or impaired, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is recognized in profit or loss. Investments in unlisted equity securities that do not have a quoted market price in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured are stated at cost less impairment losses (Note 2(n)).

(m) Leasing

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets acquired under finance leases are initially recorded at amounts equivalent to the lower of the fair value of the leased assets at the inception of the lease or the present value of the minimum lease payments (computed using the rate of interest implicit in the lease). The net present value of the future minimum lease payments is recorded correspondingly as a finance lease obligation.

Where the Group has the right to use the assets under operating leases, payments made under the leases are charged to profit or loss in equal installments over the accounting periods covered by the lease term, except where an alternative basis is more representative of the pattern of benefits to be derived from the leased asset. Lease incentives received are recognized in profit or loss as an integral part of the aggregate net lease payments made. Contingent rentals are charged to profit or loss in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

(n) Impairment

(i) Impairment of accounts and other receivables and investments in equity securities carried at cost

Accounts and other receivables and investments in equity securities carried at cost are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is objective evidence of impairment. Objective evidence of impairment includes observable data that comes to the attention of the Group about one or more of the following loss events:

- significant financial difficulty of the debtor or issuer;

- a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;

- it becoming probable that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; and

- significant changes in the technological, market, economic or legal environment that have an adverse effect on the debtor/ issuer.

The impairment loss for accounts and other receivables is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate where the effect of discounting is material, and is recognized as an expense in profit or loss.

The impairment loss for investments in equity securities carried at cost is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the estimated future cash flows, discounted at the current market rate of return for a similar financial asset where the effect of discounting is material, and is recognized as an expense in profit or loss.

Impairment losses for accounts and other receivables are reversed through profit or loss if in a subsequent period the amount of the impairment losses decreases. Impairment losses for equity securities carried at cost are not reversed.

(ii) Impairment of long-lived assets

The carrying amounts of the Group’s long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, intangible assets with finite useful lives and construction in progress are reviewed periodically to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. These assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their recorded carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For goodwill, the impairment testing is performed annually at each year end.

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. When an asset does not generate cash flows largely independent of those from other assets, the recoverable amount is determined for the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows independently (i.e. a cash-generating unit). In determining the value in use, expected future cash flows generated by the assets are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. The goodwill arising from a business combination, for the purpose of impairment testing, is allocated to cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment loss is recognized as an expense in profit or loss. Impairment loss recognized in respect of cash-generating units is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis.

The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognized for an asset in prior years may no longer exist. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a favorable change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. A subsequent increase in the recoverable amount of an asset, when the circumstances and events that led to the write-down cease to exist, is recognized as an income in profit or loss. The reversal is reduced by the amount that would have been recognized as depreciation and amortization had the write-down not occurred. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For the years presented, no reversal of impairment loss was recognized in profit or loss.

(o) Revenue recognition

The revenue recognition methods of the Group are as follows:

(i) Voice usage fee is recognized as the service is provided.

(ii) Fees received for wireline installation charges for periods prior to January 1, 2012 are deferred and recognized over the expected customer relationship period. The direct costs associated with the installation of wireline services are deferred to the extent of the installation fees and amortized over the same expected customer relationship period. From 2012 onwards, since the amounts of fees received and the associated direct costs incurred are insignificant, the fees and associated direct costs are not deferred, and are recognized in profit or loss when received or incurred.

(iii) Monthly service fees are recognized in the month during which the services are provided to customers.

(iv) Revenue from sale of prepaid calling cards are recognized as the cards are used by customers.

(v) Revenue derived from information and application services are recognized when the services are provided to customers.

Revenue from information and application services in which no third party service providers are involved, such as caller display and Internet data center services, are presented on a gross basis. Revenues from all other information and application services are presented on either gross or net basis based on the assessment of each individual arrangement with third parties. The following factors indicate that the Group is acting as a principal in the arrangements with third parties:

i) The Group is primarily responsible for providing the applications or services desired by customers, and takes responsibility for fulfillment of ordered applications or services, including the acceptability of the applications or services ordered or purchased by customers;

ii) The Group takes title of the inventory of the applications before they are ordered by customers;

iii) The Group has risks and rewards of ownership, such as risks of loss for collection from customers after applications or services are provided to customers;

iv) The Group has latitude in establishing selling prices with customers;

v) The Group can modify the applications or perform part of the services;

vi) The Group has discretion in selecting suppliers used to fulfill an order; and

vii) The Group determines the nature, type, characteristics, or specifications of the applications or services.

If majority of the indicators of risks and responsibilities exist in the arrangements with third parties, the Group is acting as a principal and have exposure to the significant risks and rewards associated with the rendering of services or the sale of applications, and revenues for these services are recognized on a gross basis. If majority of the indicators of risks and responsibilities do not exist in the arrangements with third parties, the Group is acting as an agent, and revenues for these services are recognized on a net basis.

(vi) Revenue from the provision of Internet and telecommunications network resource services are recognized when the services are provided to customers.

(vii) Interconnection fees from domestic and foreign telecommunications operators are recognized when the services are rendered as measured by the minutes of traffic processed.

(viii) Lease income from operating leases is recognized over the term of the lease.

(ix) Sale of equipment is recognized on delivery of the equipment to customers and when the significant risks and rewards of ownership and title have been transferred to the customers. Revenue from repair and maintenance of equipment is recognized when the service is provided to customers.

The Group offers promotional packages, which involve the bundled sales of terminal equipment (mobile handsets) and telecommunications services, to customers. The total contract consideration of a promotional package is allocated to revenues generated from the provision of telecommunications services and the sales of terminal equipment using the residual method. Under the residual method, the total contract consideration of the arrangement is allocated as follows: The undelivered component, which is the provision of telecommunications services, is measured at fair value, and the remainder of the contract consideration is allocated to the delivered component, which is the sales of terminal equipment. The Group recognizes revenues generated from the delivery and sales of the terminal equipment when the title of the terminal equipment is passed to the customers whereas revenues generated from the provision of telecommunications services are recognized based upon the actual usage of such services. During each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, a substantial portion of the total contract consideration is allocated to the provision of telecommunications services since the terminal equipment is typically provided free of charge or at a nominal amount to promote the Group’s core business of the provision of telecommunications services, and the fair value of the telecommunication services approximates the total contract consideration.

(p) Advertising and promotion expense

The costs for advertising and promoting the Group’s telecommunications services are expensed as incurred. Advertising and promotion expense, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses, was RMB19,294, RMB17,070 and RMB14,072 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively, among which, the costs of terminal equipment offered as part of a promotional package to our customers for free or at a nominal amount to promote the Group’s telecommunication service amounted to RMB11,620, RMB9,370 and RMB4,707, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively.

(q) Net finance costs

Net finance costs comprise interest income on bank deposits, interest costs on borrowings, and foreign exchange gains and losses. Interest income from bank deposits is recognized as it accrues using the effective interest method.

Interest costs incurred in connection with borrowings are calculated using the effective interest method and are expensed as incurred, except to the extent that they are capitalized as being directly attributable to the construction of an asset which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.

(r) Research and development expense

Research and development expenditure is expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, research and development expense was RMB792, RMB825 and RMB1,088 , respectively.

(s) Employee benefits

The Group’s contributions to defined contribution retirement plans administered by the PRC government and defined contribution retirement plans administered by independent external parties are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Further information is set out in Note 34.

Compensation expense in respect of the stock appreciation rights granted is accrued as a charge to the profit or loss over the applicable vesting period based on the fair value of the stock appreciation rights. The liability of the accrued compensation expense is re-measured to fair value at the end of each reporting period with the effect of changes in the fair value of the liability charged or credited to profit or loss. Further details of the Group’s stock appreciation rights scheme are set out in Note 35.

(t) Government grants

The Group’s government grants are mainly related to the government loans with below-market rate of interest.

Government grants shall only be recognized until there is reasonable assurance that:

(i) the Group will comply with all the conditions attaching to them; and

(ii) the grants will be received.

Government grants that compensate expenses incurred are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income in the same periods in which the expenses are incurred.

Government grants relating to assets are recognized in deferred revenue and are credited to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets.

(u) Interest-bearing borrowings

Interest-bearing borrowings are recognized initially at fair value less attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-bearing borrowings are stated at amortized cost with any difference between the amount initially recognized and the redemption value recognized in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings, together with any interest, using the effective interest method.

(v) Accounts and other payables

Accounts and other payables are initially recognized at fair value and thereafter stated at amortized cost unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost.

(w) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position when the Group has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Where the time value of money is material, provisions are stated at the present value of the expenditure expected to settle the obligation.

Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Possible obligations, whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events, are also disclosed as contingent liabilities unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote.

(x) Value-added tax

Under current PRC tax rules and regulations, output VAT rate for basic telecommunications services (including voice communication, lease or sale of network resources) is 11% while the output VAT rate for value-added telecommunications services (including Internet access services, short and multimedia messaging services, transmission and application service of electronic data and information) is 6%, and the output VAT for sales of telecommunications terminals and equipment is 17%. Input VAT rate depends on the type of services received and the assets purchased as well as the VAT rate applicable to a specific industry, and ranges from 3% to 17%.

Output VAT is excluded from operating revenues while input VAT, which is incurred as a result of the Company’s receipt of services and purchases of telecommunications equipment and materials, is excluded from operating expenses or the original cost of equipment purchased and can be netted against the output VAT, arriving at the net amount of VAT recoverable or payable. As the VAT obligations are borne by branches and subsidiaries of the Company, input and output VAT are set off at branches and subsidiaries levels, and the net amount of VAT recoverable or payable of branches and subsidiaries are not offset at the consolidation level. Such net amount of VAT recoverable or payable is recorded in the line item of prepayments and other current assets and accrued expenses and other payables, respectively on the face of consolidated statements of financial position.

(y) Income tax

Income tax for the year comprises current tax and movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Income tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income, or directly in equity, in which case the relevant amounts of tax are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet liability method, providing for all temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their tax bases. The amount of deferred tax is calculated on the basis of the enacted or substantively enacted tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. The effect on deferred tax of any changes in tax rates is charged or credited to profit or loss, except for the effect of a change in tax rate on the carrying amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities which were previously recognized in other comprehensive income, in such case the effect of a change in tax rate is also recognized in other comprehensive income.

A deferred tax asset is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the asset can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

(z) Dividends

Dividends are recognized as a liability in the period in which they are declared.

(aa) Related parties

(a) A person, or a close member of that person’s family, is related to the Group if that person:

(i) has control or joint control over the Group;

(ii) has significant influence over the Group; or

(iii) is a member of the key management personnel of the Group or the Group’s parent.

(b) An entity is related to the Group if any of the following conditions applies:

(i) The entity and the Group are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others);

(ii) The entity is an associate or joint venture of the Group (or an associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the Group is a member); or the Group is an associate or joint venture of the entity (or an associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the entity is a member);

(iii) The entity and the Group are joint ventures of the same third party;

(iv) The entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the Group is an associate of the third entity; or the Group is a joint venture of a third entity and the entity is an associate of the third entity;

(v) The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a);

(vi) A person identified in (a)(i) has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity).

Close members of the family of a person are those family members who may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with the entity.

(ab) Segmental reporting

An operating segment is a component of an entity that engages in business activities from which revenues are earned and expenses are incurred, and is identified on the basis of the internal financial reports that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in order to allocate resource and assess performance of the segment. For the periods presented, management has determined that the Group has one operating segment as the Group is only engaged in the integrated telecommunications business. The Group’s assets located outside mainland China and operating revenues derived from activities outside mainland China are less than 10% of the Group’s assets and operating revenues, respectively. No geographical area information has been presented as such amount is immaterial. No single external customer accounts for 10% or more of the Group’s operating revenues.

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Application of Revised International Financial Reporting Standards

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Application of Revised International Financial Reporting Standards

3. APPLICATION OF REVISED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS

In the current year, the Group has applied, for the first time, the following amendments to IFRS issued by the IASB that are mandatorily effective for the current year:

• Amendments to IAS 7, “Disclosure Initiative”

• Amendments to IAS 12, “Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealised Losses”

• Amendments to IFRS 12 as part of the Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2014-2016 Cycle

Amendments to IAS 7, “Disclosure Initiative”

The amendments require an entity to provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both cash and non-cash changes.

Specifically, the amendments require the following to be disclosed: (i) changes from financing cash flows; (ii) changes arising from obtaining or losing control of subsidiaries or other businesses; (iii) the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates; (iv) changes in fair values; and (v) other changes.

A reconciliation between the opening and closing balances of these items is provided in Note 32. Consistent with the transition provisions of the amendments, the Group has not disclosed comparative information for the prior year.

Apart from the additional disclosure as required by Amendments to IAS 7 in Note 32, the application of the above amendments to IFRSs has had no material effect on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

The Group has not yet applied any new and revised standard or interpretation that is not yet effective for the current year (Note 38).

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

4. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Cash at bank and in hand		22,147		17,763
Time deposits with original maturity within three months		2,470		1,647
		24,617		19,410

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Accounts Receivable, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Accounts Receivable, Net

5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable, net, are analyzed as follows:

			December 31,
	Note		2016			2017
			RMB			RMB
			(restated)
Accounts receivable
Third parties				22,958			23,762
China Telecom Group		(i)		966			1,502
China Tower				10			5
Other telecommunications operators in the PRC				933			669
				24,867			25,938
Less: Allowance for doubtful debts				(3,402	)		(3,842	)
				21,465			22,096

Note:

(i) China Telecommunications Corporation together with its subsidiaries other than the Group are referred to as “China Telecom Group”.

The following table summarizes the changes in allowance for doubtful debts for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2016			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB
				(restated)
At beginning of year		2,478			2,935			3,402
Impairment losses for doubtful debts		2,172			2,203			1,962
Accounts receivable written off		(1,715	)		(1,736	)		(1,522	)
At end of year		2,935			3,402			3,842

Ageing analysis of accounts receivable from telephone and Internet subscribers based on the billing dates is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Current, within 1 month		9,993			9,323
1 to 3 months		2,179			2,607
4 to 12 months		1,763			1,780
More than 12 months		761			878
		14,696			14,588
Less: Allowance for doubtful debts		(2,427	)		(2,603	)
		12,269			11,985

Ageing analysis of accounts receivable from other telecommunications operators and enterprise customers based on date of rendering of services is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
	(restated)
Current, within 1 month		3,671			4,421
1 to 3 months		1,895			1,973
4 to 12 months		2,360			2,644
More than 12 months		2,245			2,312
		10,171			11,350
Less: Allowance for doubtful debts		(975	)		(1,239	)
		9,196			10,111

Ageing analysis of accounts receivable that are not impaired is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Not past due		19,418		19,623
Less than 1 month past due		1,180		1,518
1 to 3 months past due		867		955
Amounts past due		2,047		2,473
		21,465		22,096

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Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Inventories

6. INVENTORIES

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Materials and supplies		1,200		1,071
Goods for resale		3,906		3,052
		5,106		4,123

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Prepayments and Other Current Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Prepayments and Other Current Assets

7. PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Amounts due from China Telecom Group		798		774
Amounts due from China Tower		2,278		2,152
Amounts due from other telecommunications operators in the PRC		326		369
Prepayments in connection with construction work and equipment purchases		2,664		2,542
Prepaid expenses and deposits		3,784		3,486
Value-added tax recoverable		5,197		7,186
Other receivables		4,518		5,619
		19,565		22,128

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Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

8. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

	Buildings and improvements			Telecommunications network  plant and equipment			Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Cost/Deemed cost:
Balance at January 1, 2016, as previously reported		97,459			819,257			29,607			946,323
Adjusted for the Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		—			61			3			64
Balance at January 1, 2016, as restated		97,459			819,318			29,610			946,387
Additions		664			1,335			480			2,479
Transferred from construction in progress		2,053			78,287			1,739			82,079
Disposals		(754	)		(74,976	)		(1,753	)		(77,483	)
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			—			(3	)		(3	)
Reclassification		87			(128	)		41			—
Balance at December 31, 2016, as restated		99,509			823,836			30,114			953,459
Additions		583			532			410			1,525
Transferred from construction in progress		1,967			87,129			1,707			90,803
Disposals		(709	)		(68,719	)		(1,936	)		(71,364	)
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			(33	)		—			(33	)
Reclassification		(18	)		(272	)		290			—
Balance at December 31, 2017		101,332			842,473			30,585			974,390
Accumulated depreciation and impairment:
Balance at January 1, 2016, as previously reported		(47,102	)		(504,015	)		(21,225	)		(572,342	)
Adjusted for the Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		—			(39	)		(2	)		(41	)
Balance at January 1,2016, as restated		(47,102	)		(504,054	)		(21,227	)		(572,383	)
Depreciation and impairment charge for the year		(4,527	)		(56,956	)		(2,267	)		(63,750	)
Written back on disposals		681			70,010			1,652			72,343
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			—			2			2
Reclassification		(70	)		83			(13	)		—
Balance at December 31, 2016, as restated		(51,018	)		(490,917	)		(21,853	)		(563,788	)
Depreciation and impairment charge for the year		(4,326	)		(63,903	)		(2,145	)		(70,374	)
Written back on disposal		620			63,553			1,839			66,012
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			17			—			17
Reclassification		18			184			(202	)		—
Balance at December 31, 2017		(54,706	)		(491,066	)		(22,361	)		(568,133	)
Net book value at December 31, 2017		46,626			351,407			8,224			406,257
Net book value at December 31, 2016, as restated		48,491			332,919			8,261			389,671

In order to expedite the construction of the new generation network and create state-of-the-art network experience, the Group resolved to accelerate the upgrade and replacement of corporate information system equipment, IPTV equipment and CDN equipment in order to promote the long-term sustainable development of the Group.

During the year, after reviewing the current condition of existing network equipment and assessing the impact of the evolution in telecommunications technologies and the business development needs, the Company considered the estimated useful lives of corporate information system equipment, IPTV equipment and CDN equipment would change from previously anticipated. As a result, the Group changed the estimated depreciable lives of such equipment from 10 years to 5 years, which could more accurately and appropriately reflect the changes in the Group’s expected consumption pattern of economic benefits embodied in these assets.

The changes in accounting estimates are implemented with effect from October 1, 2017. Effect of changes in depreciable lives is estimated to increase depreciation expense by approximately RMB4,045 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The effect of such changes in depreciable lives represents a temporary difference, therefore does not have any effect on the total depreciation expenses of those assets during the assets’ lives.

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Construction in Progress

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Construction in Progress

9. CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS

	RMB
Balance at January 1, 2016, as previously reported		69,103
Adjusted for Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		4
Balance at January 1, 2016, as restated		69,107
Additions		97,043
Transferred to property, plant and equipment		(82,079	)
Transferred to intangible assets		(3,685	)
Balance at December 31, 2016, as restated		80,386
Additions		88,359
Transferred to property, plant and equipment		(90,803	)
Transferred to intangible assets		(4,836	)
Balance at December 31, 2017		73,106

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Goodwill

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Goodwill

10. GOODWILL

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Cost:
Goodwill arising from acquisition of CDMA business		29,923		29,920

On October 1, 2008, the Group acquired the CDMA mobile communication business and related assets and liabilities, which also included the entire equity interests of China Unicom (Macau) Company Limited (currently known as China Telecom (Macau) Company Limited) and 99.5% equity interests of Unicom Huasheng Telecommunications Technology Company Limited (currently known as Tianyi Telecom Terminals Company Limited) (collectively the “CDMA business”) from China Unicom Limited and China Unicom Corporation Limited (collectively “China Unicom”). The purchase price of the business combination was RMB43,800, which was fully settled as of December 31, 2010. In addition, pursuant to the acquisition agreement, the Group acquired the customer-related assets and assumed the customer-related liabilities of CDMA business for a net settlement amount of RMB3,471 due from China Unicom. This amount was subsequently settled by China Unicom in 2009. The business combination was accounted for using the purchase method.

The goodwill recognized in the business combination is attributable to the skills and technical talent of the acquired business’s workforce, and the synergies expected to be achieved from integrating and combining the CDMA mobile communication business into the Group’s telecommunications business.

For the purpose of goodwill impairment testing, the goodwill arising from the acquisition of CDMA business was allocated to the appropriate cash-generating unit of the Group, which is the Group’s telecommunications business. The recoverable amount of the Group’s telecommunications business is estimated based on the value in use model, which considers the Group’s financial budgets covering a five-year period and a pre-tax discount rate of 9.8% (2016: 9.4%). Cash flows beyond the five-year period are projected to perpetuity at annual growth rate of 1.5%. Management performed impairment tests for the goodwill at the end of the reporting period and determined that goodwill was not impaired. Management believes any reasonably possible change in the key assumptions on which the recoverable amount is based would not cause its recoverable amount to be less than carrying amount.

Key assumptions used for the value in use calculation model are the number of subscribers, average revenue per subscriber and gross margin. Management determined the number of subscribers, average revenue per subscriber and gross margin based on historical trends and financial information and operational data.

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Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Intangible Assets

11. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

	Software
	RMB
Cost:
Balance at January 1, 2016		26,301
Additions		363
Transferred from construction in progress		3,685
Disposals		(531	)
Balance at December 31, 2016		29,818
Additions		175
Transferred from construction in progress		4,836
Disposals		(268	)
Disposal of a subsidiary		(11	)
Balance at December 31, 2017		34,550
Accumulated amortization and impairment:
Balance at January 1, 2016		(15,562	)
Amortization charge for the year		(3,500	)
Written back on disposals		488
Balance at December 31, 2016		(18,574	)
Amortization charge for the year		(3,843	)
Written back on disposals		250
Disposal of a subsidiary		8
Balance at December 31, 2017		(22,159	)
Net book value at December 31, 2017		12,391
Net book value at December 31, 2016		11,244

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Interests in Associates

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Interests in Associates

12. INTERESTS IN ASSOCIATES

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Unlisted equity investments, at cost		36,347			36,648
Share of post-acquisition changes in net assets		(1,775	)		(922	)
		34,572			35,726

The Group’s interests in associates are accounted for under the equity method. Details of the Group’s principal associates are as follows:

Name of company	Attributable equity  interest			Principal activities
China Tower Corporation Limited		27.9	%	Construction, maintenance and operation of telecommunications towers as well as ancillary facilities
Shanghai Information Investment Incorporation		24.0	%	Provision of information technology consultancy services

The above associates are established and operated in the PRC and are not traded on any stock exchange.

Summarized financial information of the Group’s principal associates and reconciled to the carrying amounts of interests in associates in the Group’s consolidated financial statements are disclosed below:

	China Tower Corporation Limited
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Current assets		39,565			30,517
Non-current assets		272,103			292,126
Current liabilities		171,568			150,438
Non-current liabilities		14,548			44,710
Operating revenues		54,474			68,665
(Loss) / profit for the year		(575	)		1,943
Other comprehensive income for the year		—			—
Total comprehensive income for the year		(575	)		1,943
Dividend received from the associate		—			—
Reconciled to the Group’s interests in the associate
Net assets of the associate		125,552			127,495
Non-controlling interests of the associate		—			—
Group’s effective interest in the associate		27.9	%		27.9	%
Group’s share of net assets of the associate		35,029			35,571
Adjustment for the remaining balance of the deferred gain from the Tower Assets Disposal		(1,782	)		(1,580	)
Carrying amount of the associate in the consolidated financial statements of the Group		33,247			33,991

	Shanghai Information Investment Incorporation
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Current assets		6,688			7,146
Non-current assets		8,421			8,049
Current liabilities		5,754			5,835
Non-current liabilities		3,104			2,673
Operating revenues		4,222			4,313
Profit for the year		413			563
Other comprehensive income for the year		24			22
Total comprehensive income for the year		437			585
Dividend received from the associate		9			9
Reconciled to the Group’s interests in the associate
Net assets of the associate		6,251			6,687
Non-controlling interests of the associate		(1,940	)		(2,004	)
Group’s effective interest in the associate		24.0	%		24.0	%
Group’s share of net assets of the associate		1,035			1,124
Carrying amount of the associate in the consolidated financial statements of the Group		1,035			1,124

Aggregate financial information of the Group’s associates that are not individually material is disclosed below:

	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
The Group’s share of profit of these associates		21		36
The Group’s share of other comprehensive income of these associates		—		2
The Group’s share of total comprehensive income of these associates		21		38
Aggregate carrying amount of these associates in the consolidated financial statements of the Group		290		611

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Investments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Investments

13. INVESTMENTS

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Available-for-sale listed equity securities		1,369		969
Other unlisted equity investments		166		185
		1,535		1,154

Other unlisted equity investments mainly represent the Group’s various interests in private enterprises which are mainly engaged in the provision of telecommunications infrastructures construction services, information technology services and Internet contents.

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Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

14. DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

The components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position and the movements are as follows:

	Assets				Liabilities						Net Balance
	2017		2016		2017			2016			2017			2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,626		1,531		—			—			1,626			1,531
Property, plant and equipment, and others		3,782		3,410		(7,789	)		(4,416	)		(4,007	)		(1,006	)
Deferred revenues and installation costs		71		120		(52	)		(85	)		19			35
Available-for-sale equity securities		—		—		(169	)		(269	)		(169	)		(269	)
Deferred tax assets/(liabilities)		5,479		5,061		(8,010	)		(4,770	)		(2,531	)		291

	Balance at January 1, 2015			Recognized in  consolidated statement of comprehensive income			Balance at December 31, 2015
	RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,156			135			1,291
Property, plant and equipment, and others		1,015			554			1,569
Deferred revenues and installation costs		99			(39	)		60
Available-for-sale equity securities		(163	)		(163	)		(326	)
Net deferred tax assets		2,107			487			2,594

	Balance at January 1, 2016			Recognized in  consolidated statement of comprehensive income			Balance at December 31, 2016
	RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,291			240			1,531
Property, plant and equipment, and others		1,569			(2,575	)		(1,006	)
Deferred revenues and installation costs		60			(25	)		35
Available-for-sale equity securities		(326	)		57			(269	)
Net deferred tax assets		2,594			(2,303	)		291

	Balance at January 1, 2017			Recognized in  consolidated statement of comprehensive income			Balance at December 31, 2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,531			95			1,626
Property, plant and equipment, and others		(1,006	)		(3,001	)		(4,007	)
Deferred revenues and installation costs		35			(16	)		19
Available-for-sale equity securities		(269	)		100			(169	)
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities)		291			(2,822	)		(2,531	)

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Short-term and Long-term Debt and Payable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Short-term and Long-term Debt and Payable

15. SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT AND PAYABLE

Short-term debt comprises:

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Loans from banks – unsecured		16,411		16,565
Super short-term commercial papers – unsecured		18,996		18,745
Other loans – unsecured		102		150
Loans from China Telecom Group – unsecured		5,271		19,098
Total short-term debt		40,780		54,558

The weighted average interest rate of the Group’s total short-term debt as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 was 3.3% per annum and 4.0% per annum, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Group’s loans from banks and other loans bear interest at rates ranging from 3.5% to 7.3% (2016: 3.9% to 4.4%) per annum, and are repayable within one year; as of December 31, 2017, super short-term commercial papers bear interest at rates ranging from 4.1% to 4.2% (2016: 2.3% to 2.9%) per annum and was repaid by March 19, 2018; the loans from China Telecom Group bear interest at rate of 3.5% (2016: 3.5% to 4.1%) per annum and are repayable within one year.

Long-term debt and payable comprises:

		December 31,
	Interest rates and final maturity	2016			2017
		RMB			RMB
Bank loans – unsecured
Renminbi denominated (Note (i))	Interest rates ranging from 1.08% to 7.04% per annum with maturities through 2036		9,245			9,148
US Dollars denominated	Interest rates ranging from 1.00% to 8.30% per annum with maturities through 2048		446			370
Euro denominated	Interest rate of 2.30% per annum with maturities through 2032		239			223
Other currencies denominated			5			—
			9,935			9,741
Other loans – unsecured
Renminbi denominated			1			1
Amount due to China Telecom Group – unsecured
Deferred consideration of Mobile Network Acquisition – Renminbi denominated (Note (ii))			61,710			—
Loans from China Telecom Group – unsecured
Renminbi denominated (Note (iii))			—			40,000
Total long-term debt and payable			71,646			49,742
Less: Current portion			(62,276	)		(1,146	)
Non-current portion			9,370			48,596

Notes:

(i) The Group obtained long-term RMB denominated government loans with below-market interest rate ranging from 1.08% to 1.20% per annum through banks (the “Low-interest Loans”). The Group recognized the Low-interest Loans at their fair value on initial recognition, and accreted the discount to profit or loss using the effective interest rate method. The difference between the fair value and the face value of the Low-interest Loans was recognized as government grants in deferred revenue at initial recognition (Note 18).

(ii) Represented the remaining balance of the deferred consideration payable to China Telecommunications Corporation in respect of the acquisition of certain CDMA network assets and associated liabilities, which were held by China Telecommunications Corporation through network branches located in 30 provinces , municipalities and autonomous regions in the PRC (hereinafter referred to as the “Mobile Network Acquisition”). The Company fully repaid the deferred consideration in November and December 2017. The Company paid interest on the deferred payment to China Telecommunications Corporation at half-yearly intervals and the interest accrues from the day following the completion of the Mobile Network Acquisition. The interest rate is set at a 5 basis points premium to the yield of the 5-year super AAA rated Medium Term Notes most recently published by the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors before the completion date of the Mobile Network Acquisition and would be adjusted once a year in accordance with the last yield of the 5-year super AAA rated Medium Term Notes most recently published by the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors at the end of each year. The interest rate for 2017 was 4.11%.

(iii) The Group obtained long-term RMB denominated loans with the interest rate of 3.8% per annum from China Telecommunications Corporation on December 25, 2017, which are repayable within 3 to 5 years.

The aggregate maturities of the Group’s long-term debt and payable subsequent to December 31, 2017 are as follows:

	RMB
2018		1,146
2019		1,088
2020		21,044
2021		983
2022		20,944
Thereafter		4,537
		49,742

The Group’s short-term and long-term debt and payable do not contain any financial covenants. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the Group had unutilized committed credit facilities amounting to RMB161,229 and RMB154,793 respectively.

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Accounts Payable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Accounts Payable

16. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB (restated)		RMB
Third parties		96,736		93,324
China Telecom Group		21,331		22,682
China Tower		3,697		2,611
Other telecommunications operators in the PRC		729		704
		122,493		119,321

Amounts due to China Telecom Group and China Tower are payable in accordance with contractual terms which are similar to those terms offered by third parties.

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Accrued Expenses and Other Payables

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Accrued Expenses and Other Payables

17. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER PAYABLES

				December 31,
	Notes			2016		2017
				RMB (restated)		RMB
Amounts due to China Telecom Group		(i	)		1,813		1,838
Amounts due to China Tower					807		1,374
Amounts due to other telecommunications operators in the PRC					41		59
Accrued expenses		(ii	)		21,297		24,864
Value-added tax payable					797		645
Customer deposits and receipts in advance					66,418		69,915
					91,173		98,695

Notes:

(i) Amounts due to China Telecom Group as of December 31, 2017 includes the consideration of the Eighth Acquisition amounting to RMB87, among which the consideration of the acquisition of Zhonghe Hengtai was fully paid by March 23, 2018, while the remaining consideration payable in respect of the acquisition of the Satcom Business had not been fully paid at the end of the reporting period.

(ii) Accrued expenses as of December 31, 2017 includes the unpaid portion of consideration of the acquisition of non-controlling interest of a subsidiary of the Group amounting to RMB119, which has been fully settled on January 23, 2018.

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Deferred Revenues

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Deferred Revenues

18. DEFERRED REVENUES

Deferred revenues mainly represent the unearned portion of installation fees for wireline services received from customers, the unused portion of calling cards, and the unamortized portion of government grants (Note 15).

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Balance at beginning of year		2,482			3,558
Additions for the year
— calling cards		753			390
— government grants		1,494			—
		2,247			390
Reductions for the year
— amortization of installation fees		(294	)		(208	)
— usage of calling cards		(625	)		(384	)
— amortization of government grants		(252	)		(295	)
Balance at end of year		3,558			3,061
Representing:
— current portion		1,253			1,233
— non-current portion		2,305			1,828
		3,558			3,061

Included in other assets are primarily capitalized direct costs associated with the installation of wireline services. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the unamortized portion of these costs was RMB367 and RMB228 respectively.

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Share Capital

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Share Capital

19. SHARE CAPITAL

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Registered, issued and fully paid
67,054,958,321 ordinary domestic shares of RMB1.00 each		67,055		67,055
13,877,410,000 overseas listed H shares of RMB1.00 each		13,877		13,877
		80,932		80,932

All ordinary domestic shares and H shares rank pari passu in all material respects.

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Reserves

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Reserves

20. RESERVES

	Capital reserve			Share premium		Surplus reserves		Other reserves			Exchange reserve			Retained earnings			Total
	RMB			RMB		RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
	(Note (i))					(Note (iii))		(Note (ii))
Balance as of January 1, 2015, as previously reported		17,064			10,746		69,072		384			(941	)		111,926			208,251
Adjusted for the Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		10			—		—		—			—			25			35
Balance as of January 1, 2015, as restated		17,074			10,746		69,072		384			(941	)		111,951			208,286
Total comprehensive income for the year, as restated		—			—		—		492			129			20,058			20,679
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		(1	)		—		—		—			—			—			(1	)
Contribution from non-controlling interests		87			—		—		—			—			—			87
Dividends (Note 27)		—			—		—		—			—			(6,160	)		(6,160	)
Appropriations (Note (iii))		—			—		1,901		—			—			(1,901	)		—
Balance as of December 31, 2015, as restated		17,160			10,746		70,973		876			(812	)		123,948			222,891
Total comprehensive income for the year, as restated		—			—		—		(165	)		190			18,018			18,043
Dividends (Note 27)		—			—		—		—			—			(6,489	)		(6,489	)
Appropriations (Note (iii))		—			—		1,638		—			—			(1,638	)		—
Balance as of December 31, 2016, as restated		17,160			10,746		72,611		711			(622	)		133,839			234,445
Total comprehensive income for the year		—			—		—		(293	)		(259	)		18,617			18,065
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group (Note 1)		(80	)		—		—		—			—			(7	)		(87	)
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		46			—		—		—			—			—			46
Dividends (Note 27)		—			—		—		—			—			(7,530	)		(7,530	)
Appropriations (Note (iii))		—			—		1,686		—			—			(1,686	)		—
Others		—			—		—		(4	)		—			—			(4	)
Balance as of December 31, 2017		17,126			10,746		74,297		414			(881	)		143,233			244,935

Notes:

(i) Capital reserve of the Group mainly represents the sum of (a) the difference between the carrying amount of the Company’s net assets and the par value of the Company’s shares issued upon its formation; (b) the difference between the consideration paid by the Group for the entities acquired, other than the Fifth Acquired Group, from China Telecommunications Corporation, which were accounted for as equity transactions as disclosed in Note 1, and the historical carrying amount of the net assets of these acquired entities; and (c) the difference between the consolidation paid by the Group for the acquisition of non-controlling interests and the historical carrying amount of the non-controlling interests acquired.

The difference between the consideration paid by the Group and the historical carrying amount of the net assets of the Fifth Acquisition was recorded as a deduction of retained earnings.

Capital reserve of the Company represents the difference between the carrying amount of the Company’s net assets and the par value of the Company’s shares issued upon its formation.

(ii) Other reserves of the Group represent primarily the change in the fair value of available-for-sale equity securities and the deferred tax liabilities recognized due to the change in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities.

(iii) The surplus reserves consist of statutory surplus reserve and discretionary surplus reserve.

According to the Company’s Articles of Association, the Company is required to transfer 10% of its net profit, as determined in accordance with the lower of the amount determined under the PRC Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and the amount determined under IFRS, to the statutory surplus reserve until such reserve balance reaches 50% of the registered capital. The transfer to this reserve must be made before distribution of any dividend to shareholders. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the net profit of the Company determined in accordance with the PRC Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and IFRS are the same. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company transferred RMB1,686, being 10% of the year’s net profit, to this reserve. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company transferred RMB1,638, being 10% of the year’s net profit determined in accordance with the IFRS. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the amount of statutory surplus reserve was RMB26,532 and RMB28,218 respectively.

The Company did not transfer any discretionary surplus reserve for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the amount of discretionary surplus reserve was RMB46,079.

The statutory and discretionary surplus reserves are non-distributable other than in liquidation and can be used to make good of previous years’ losses, if any, and may be utilized for business expansion or converted into share capital by issuing new shares to existing shareholders in proportion to their shareholdings or by increasing the par value of the shares currently held by them, provided that the remaining statutory surplus reserve balance after such issue is not less than 25% of the registered capital.

(iv) According to the Company’s Articles of Association, the amount of retained earnings available for distribution to shareholders of the Company is the lower of the amount of the Company’s retained earnings determined in accordance with the PRC Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and the amount determined in accordance with IFRS. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the amount of retained earnings available for distribution was RMB112,631 and RMB120,270 respectively, being the amount determined in accordance with IFRS. Final dividend of approximately RMB7,518 in respect of the financial year 2017 proposed after the end of the reporting period has not been recognized as a liability in the consolidated financial statements at the end of the reporting period (Note 27).

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Operating Revenues

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Operating Revenues

21. OPERATING REVENUES

Operating revenues represent revenues from the provision of telecommunications services. The components of the Group’s operating revenues are as follows:

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Voice		(i	)		78,661		70,185		61,678
Internet		(ii	)		126,665		150,449		172,554
Information and application services		(iii	)		66,377		66,881		73,044
Telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment		(iv	)		17,635		17,781		19,125
Others		(v	)		42,179		47,238		39,828
					331,517		352,534		366,229

Notes:

(i) Represent the aggregate amount of voice usage fees, installation fees and interconnections fees charged to customers for the provision of telephony services.

(ii) Represent amounts charged to customers for the provision of Internet access services.

(iii) Represent primarily the aggregate amount of fees charged to customers for the provision of Internet data center service, system integration services, e-Surfing HD service, caller ID service and short messaging service and etc.

(iv) Represent primarily the aggregate amount of fees charged to customers for the provision of telecommunications network resource services and lease income from other domestic telecommunications operators and enterprise customers for the usage of the Group’s telecommunications networks and equipment.

(v) Represent primarily revenue from sale, and repair and maintenance of equipment as well as the resale of mobile services (MVNO).

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Network Operations and Support Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Network Operations and Support Expenses

22. NETWORK OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT EXPENSES

				Year ended December 31,
	Note			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Operating and maintenance					46,193		48,390		55,360
Utility					12,521		13,148		12,522
Property rental and management fee		(i	)		14,115		22,327		26,926
Others					8,604		10,291		9,161
					81,433		94,156		103,969

Note:

(i) Property rental and management fee includes the fee in relation to the lease of telecommunications towers and related assets (“Tower Assets”) (hereinafter referred to as the “Tower Assets lease fee”).

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Personnel Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Personnel Expenses

23. PERSONNEL EXPENSES

Personnel expenses are attributable to the following functions:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015		2016		2017
	RMB		RMB		RMB
	(restated)		(restated)
Network operations and support		33,842		36,286		38,574
Selling, general and administrative		18,744		18,218		17,469
		52,586		54,504		56,043

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Other Operating Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Other Operating Expenses

24. OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Interconnection charges		(i	)		12,363		11,822		12,223
Cost of goods sold		(ii	)		34,990		38,705		31,712
Donations					18		19		23
Others		(iii	)		1,534		1,740		1,654
					48,905		52,286		45,612

Notes:

(i) Interconnection charges represent amounts incurred for the use of other domestic and foreign telecommunications operators’ networks for delivery of voice and data traffic that originate from the Group’s telecommunications networks.

(ii) Cost of goods sold primarily represents cost of telecommunications equipment sold.

(iii) Others mainly include tax and surcharges other than value-added tax and income tax.

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Net Finance Costs

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Net Finance Costs

25. NET FINANCE COSTS

	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2016			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB
	(restated)			(restated)
Interest expense incurred		4,901			4,200			3,913
Less: Interest expense capitalized*		(327	)		(498	)		(327	)
Net interest expense		4,574			3,702			3,586
Interest income		(376	)		(354	)		(429	)
Foreign exchange losses		154			209			664
Foreign exchange gains		(79	)		(322	)		(530	)
		4,273			3,235			3,291
*  Interest expense was capitalized in construction in progress at the following rates per annum		3.5%-5.5%			4.1%-5.0%			3.9%-4.9%

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Income Tax

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Income Tax

26. INCOME TAX

Income tax in the profit or loss comprises:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2016		2017
	RMB			RMB		RMB
	(restated)			(restated)
Provision for PRC income tax		7,128			3,478		3,147
Provision for income tax of other tax jurisdictions		74			155		123
Deferred taxation		(650	)		2,360		2,922
		6,552			5,993		6,192

A reconciliation of the expected tax expense with the actual tax expense is as follows:

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015			2016			2017
				RMB			RMB			RMB
				(restated)			(restated)
Earnings before income tax					26,698			24,116			24,953
Expected income tax expense at statutory tax rate of 25%		(i	)		6,674			6,029			6,238
Differential tax rate on PRC subsidiaries’ and branches’ income		(i	)		(400	)		(275	)		(108	)
Differential tax rate on other subsidiaries’ income		(ii	)		(25	)		(53	)		(82	)
Non-deductible expenses		(iii	)		431			485			380
Non-taxable income		(iv	)		(75	)		(105	)		(112	)
Others		(v	)		(53	)		(88	)		(124	)
Actual income tax expense					6,552			5,993			6,192

Notes:

(i) Except for certain subsidiaries and branches which are mainly taxed at a preferential rate of 15%, the provision for mainland China income tax is based on a statutory rate of 25% of the assessable income of the Company, its mainland China subsidiaries and branches as determined in accordance with the relevant income tax rules and regulations of the PRC.

(ii) Income tax provisions of the Company’s subsidiaries in Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions of the PRC, and in other countries are based on the subsidiaries’ assessable income and income tax rates applicable in the respective tax jurisdictions which range from 12% to 39%.

(iii) Amounts represent miscellaneous expenses in excess of statutory deductible limits for tax purposes.

(iv) Amounts represent miscellaneous income which are not subject to income tax.

(v) Amounts primarily represent tax deduction on prior year research and development expenses approved by tax authorities and other tax benefits.

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Dividends

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Dividends

27. DIVIDENDS

Pursuant to a resolution passed at the Board of Directors’ meeting on March 28, 2018, a final dividend of equivalent to HK$0.115 per share totaling approximately RMB7,518 for the year ended December 31, 2017 was proposed for shareholders’ approval at the Annual General Meeting. The dividend has not been provided for in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Pursuant to the shareholders’ approval at the Annual General Meeting held on May 23, 2017, a final dividend of RMB0.093043 (equivalent to HK$0.105) per share totaling RMB7,530 in respect of the year ended 31 December 2016 was declared and paid on July 21, 2017.

Pursuant to the shareholders’ approval at the Annual General Meeting held on May 25, 2016, a final dividend of RMB0.080182 (equivalent to HK$0.095) per share totaling RMB6,489 in respect of the year ended December 31, 2015 was declared and paid by July 15, 2016.

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Basic Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Basic Earnings Per Share

28. BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE

The calculation of basic earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 is based on the profit attributable to equity holders of the Company of RMB20,058, RMB18,018 and RMB18,617, respectively, divided by 80,932,368,321 shares.

The amount of diluted earnings per share is not presented as there were no potential ordinary shares in existence for the periods presented.

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Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Commitments and Contingencies

29. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating lease commitments

The Group leases business premises and equipment through non-cancellable operating leases and these operating leases do not contain provisions for contingent lease rentals. None of the rental agreements contain escalation provisions that may require higher future rental payments nor impose restrictions on dividends, additional debt and/or further leasing.

As of December 31, 2017, the Group’s future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

	RMB
2018		20,680
2019		19,563
2020		16,730
2021		6,631
2022		3,376
Thereafter		2,786
Total minimum lease payments		69,766

Total rental expense in respect of operating leases charged to profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 were RMB10,329 ,RMB21,240 and RMB25,493, respectively.

Capital commitments

As of December 31, 2017, the Group had capital commitments as follows:

	RMB
Contracted for but not provided
- property		346
- telecommunications network plant and equipment		10,900
		11,246

Contingent liabilities

(a) The Group was advised by their PRC lawyers that no material contingent liabilities were assumed by the Group.

(b) As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the Group did not have contingent liabilities in respect of guarantees given to banks in respect of banking facilities granted to other parties, or other forms of contingent liabilities.

Legal contingencies

The Group is a defendant in certain lawsuits as well as the named party in other proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Management has assessed the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome of such contingencies, lawsuits or other proceedings and based on such assessment, believes that any resulting liabilities will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, operating results or cash flows of the Group.

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Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Financial Instruments

30. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial assets of the Group include cash and cash equivalents, bank deposits, investments, accounts receivable, prepayments and other receivables. Financial liabilities of the Group include short-term and long-term debt and payable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other payables. The Group does not hold nor issue financial instruments for trading purposes.

(a) Fair Value Measurements

Based on IFRS 13, “Fair Value Measurement”, the fair value of each financial instrument is categorized in its entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to that fair value measurement. The levels are defined as follows:

• Level 1: fair values measured using quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical financial instruments

• Level 2: fair values measured using quoted prices in active markets for similar financial instruments, or using valuation techniques in which all significant inputs are directly or indirectly based on observable market data

• Level 3: fair values measured using valuation techniques in which any significant input is not based on observable market data

The fair values of the Group’s financial instruments (other than long-term debt and payable and available-for-sale equity investment securities) approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The Group’s available-for-sale listed equity securities are categorized as level 1 financial instruments. The fair value of the Group’s available-for-sale listed equity securities, which amounted to RMB1,369 and RMB969 as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 respectively was based on quoted market price on PRC stock exchanges. The Group’s long-term investments, other than the available-for-sale listed equity securities, are unlisted equity interests for which no quoted market prices exist in the PRC and because their fair values cannot be measured reliably, so their fair values were not disclosed.

The fair values of long-term debt and payable is estimated by discounting future cash flows using current market interest rates offered to the Group for debt with substantially the same characteristics and maturities. The fair value measurement of long-term debt and payable is categorized as level 2. The interest rates used by the Group in estimating the fair values of long-term debt and payable, having considered the foreign currency denomination of the debt, ranged from 1.0% to 4.9% (2016: 1.0% to 4.9%). As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the carrying amounts and fair value of the Group’s long-term debt and payable were as follows:

	December 31, 2016				December 31, 2017
	Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Long-term debt and payable		71,646		71,741		49,742		48,256

During the year, there were no transfers among instruments in level 1, level 2 or level 3.

(b)Risks

The Group’s financial instruments are exposed to three main types of risks, namely, credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (which mainly comprises of interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk). The Group’s overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Group’s financial performance. Risk management is carried out under policies approved by the Board of Directors. The Board provides principles for overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas, such as liquidity risk, credit risk, and market risk. The Board regularly reviews these policies and authorizes changes if necessary based on operating and market conditions and other relevant risks. The following summarizes the qualitative and quantitative disclosures for each of the three main types of risks:

(i) Credit risk

Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will be unable to pay amounts in full when due. For the Group, this arises mainly from deposits it maintains at financial institutions and credit it provides to customers for the provision of telecommunications services. To limit exposure to credit risk relating to deposits, the Group primarily places cash deposits only with large state-owned financial institutions in the PRC with acceptable credit ratings. For accounts receivable, management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. Furthermore, the Group has a diversified base of customers with no single customer contributing more than 10% of revenues for the periods presented. Further details of the quantitative disclosures in respect of the Group’s exposure on credit risk for accounts receivable are set out in Note 5.

(ii) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk refers to the risk that funds will not be available to meet liabilities as they fall due, and results from timing and amount mismatches of cash inflow and outflow. The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining sufficient cash balances and adequate amount of committed banking facilities to meet its funding needs, including working capital, principal and interest payments on debts, dividend payments, capital expenditures and new investments for a set minimum period of between 3 to 6 months.

The following table sets out the remaining contractual maturities at the end of the reporting period of the Group’s financial liabilities, which are based on contractual undiscounted cash flows (including interest payments computed using contractual rates or, if floating, based on prevailing rates at the end of the reporting period) and the earliest date the Group would be required to repay:

	2016
	Carrying amount		Total contractual undiscounted cash flow		Within 1 year or on demand		More than 1 year but less than 2 years		More than 2 years but less than 5 years		More than 5 years
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Short-term debt		40,780		41,425		41,425		—		—		—
Long-term debt and payable		71,646		75,126		62,307		1,187		3,601		8,031
Accounts payable, as restated		122,493		122,493		122,493		—		—		—
Accrued expenses and other payables, as restated		91,173		91,173		91,173		—		—		—
Finance lease obligations		102		112		58		20		31		3
		326,194		330,329		317,456		1,207		3,632		8,034
	2017
	Carrying amount		Total contractual undiscounted cash flow		Within 1 year or on demand		More than 1 year but less than 2 years		More than 2 years but less than 5 years		More than 5 years
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Short-term debt		54,558		55,682		55,682		—		—		—
Long-term debt		49,742		58,543		2,725		2,716		46,612		6,490
Accounts payable		119,321		119,321		119,321		—		—		—
Accrued expenses and other payables		98,695		98,695		98,695		—		—		—
Finance lease obligations		77		85		56		14		13		2
		322,393		332,326		276,479		2,730		46,625		6,492

Management believes that the Group’s current cash on hand, expected cash flows from operations and available credit facilities from banks (Note 15) will be sufficient to meet the Group’s working capital requirements and repay its borrowings and obligations when they become due.

(iii) Interest rate risk

The Group’s interest rate risk exposure arises primarily from its short-term debt and long-term debt and payable. Debts carrying interest at variable rates and at fixed rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk and fair value interest rate risk respectively. The Group manages its exposure to interest rate risk by closely monitoring the change in the market interest rate.

The following table sets out the interest rate profile of the Group’s debt at the end of the reporting period:

	2016					2017
	Effective interest rate					Effective interest rate
	%		RMB			%		RMB
Fixed rate debt:
Short-term debt		3.3		39,854			4.0		54,042
Long-term debt		1.2		9,936			3.3		49,742
				49,790					103,784
Variable rate debt:
Short-term debt		4.2		926			4.1		516
Deferred consideration due to China Telecommunications Corporation (as defined in Note 15)		4.1		61,710					—
				62,636					516
Total debt				112,426					104,300
Fixed rate debt as a percentage of total debt				44.3	%				99.5	%

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, it is estimated that an increase of 100 basis points in interest rate, with all other variables held constant, would decrease the Group’s net profit for the year and retained earnings by approximately RMB470 and RMB4 respectively.

The above sensitivity analysis has been prepared on the assumptions that the change of interest rate was applied to the Group’s debt in existence at the end of the reporting period with exposure to cash flow interest rate risk. The analysis is prepared on the same basis for 2016.

(iv) Foreign currency exchange rate risk

Foreign currency exchange rate risk arises on financial instruments that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency in which they are measured. The Group’s foreign currency risk exposure relates to bank deposits and borrowings denominated primarily in US dollars, Euros and Hong Kong dollars.

Management does not expect the appreciation or depreciation of the Renminbi against foreign currencies will materially affect the Group’s financial position and result of operations because 81.6% (2016: 81.8%) of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents and 99.4% (2016: 99.4%) of the Group’s short-term and long-term debt and payable as of December 31, 2017 are denominated in Renminbi. Details of bank loans denominated in other currencies are set out in Note 15.

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Capital Management

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Capital Management

31. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

The Group’s primary objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can continue to provide investment returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, by pricing products and services commensurately with the level of risk and by securing access to finance at a reasonable cost.

Management regularly reviews and manages its capital structure to maintain a balance between the higher shareholder returns that might be possible with higher levels of borrowings and the advantages and security afforded by a sound capital position, and makes adjustments to the capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions.

Management monitors its capital structure on the basis of total debt-to-total assets ratio. For this purpose the Group defines total debt as the sum of short-term debt and long-term debt and payable, and finance lease obligations. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the Group’s total debt-to-total assets ratio was 17.2% and 15.8% respectively, which is within the range of management’s expectation.

Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries are subject to externally imposed capital requirements.

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Reconciliation of Liabilities Arising from Financing Activities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Reconciliation of Liabilities Arising from Financing Activities

32. RECONCILIATION OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

The table below details changes in the Group’s liabilities arising from financing activities, including both cash and non-cash changes. Liabilities arising from financing activities are those for which cash flows were, or future cash flows will be, classified in the Group’s consolidated statements of cash flows as cash flows from financing activities.

	Short-term Debt		Long-term debt and payable			Finance lease obligations			Consideration payables in respect of the Eighth Acquisition (Note 17)		Consideration payable in respect of the acquisition of non-controlling interests (Note 17)			Dividend payable			Total
	RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB
Balance as of January 1, 2017		40,780		71,646			102			—		—			—			112,528
Financing cash flows		13,778		(22,191	)		(84	)		—		(31	)		(7,619	)		(16,147	)
New finance leases		—		—			55			—		—			—			55
Interest expenses		—		295			9			—		—			—			304
Foreign exchange gain		—		(8	)		—			—		—			—			(8	)
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group		—		—			—			87		—			—			87
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		—		—			—			—		150			—			150
Distribution to non-controlling interests		—		—			—			—		—			89			89
Dividends declared		—		—			—			—		—			7,530			7,530
Others		—		—			(5	)		—		—			—			(5	)
Balance as of December 31, 2017		54,558		49,742			77			87		119			—			104,583

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Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Related Party Transactions

33. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

(a) Transactions with China Telecom Group

The Group is a part of companies under China Telecommunications Corporation, a company owned by the PRC government, and has significant transactions and business relationships with members of China Telecom Group.

The principal transactions with China Telecom Group which were carried out in the ordinary course of business are as follows.

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Purchases of telecommunications equipment and materials		(i	)		5,285		5,199		4,248
Sales of telecommunications equipment and materials		(i	)		2,856		2,786		3,291
Construction and engineering services		(ii	)		19,885		18,936		18,672
Provision of IT services		(iii	)		181		312		642
Receiving IT services		(iii	)		1,362		1,597		1,812
Receiving community services		(iv	)		2,860		2,871		3,028
Receiving ancillary services		(v	)		12,715		13,938		16,072
Property lease income		(vi	)		47		36		53
Property lease expenses		(vi	)		673		559		654
Net transaction amount of centralized services		(vii	)		486		523		727
Interconnection revenues		(viii	)		59		60		48
Interconnection charges		(viii	)		468		232		193
Internet applications channel services		(ix	)		368		332		344
Interest on amounts due to and loans from China Telecom Group		(x	)		4,048		2,928		2,720
Lease of CDMA network facilities		(xi	)		226		154		174
Lease of inter-provincial transmission optic fibres		(xii	)		22		16		13
Lease of land use rights		(xiii	)		13		6		3

Notes:

(i) Represent the amount of telecommunications equipment and materials purchased from/sold to China Telecom Group and commission paid and payable for procurement services provided by China Telecom Group.

(ii) Represent construction and engineering as well as design and supervisory services provided by China Telecom Group.

(iii) Represent IT services provided to and received from China Telecom Group.

(iv) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group in respect of cultural, educational, health care and other community services.

(v) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group in respect of ancillary services such as repairs and maintenance of telecommunications equipment and facilities and certain customer services.

(vi) Represent amounts of property lease fee received and receivable from/paid and payable to China Telecom Group for mutual leasing of properties.

(vii) Represent net amount shared between the Company and China Telecom Group for costs associated with centralized services. The amount represents amounts received or receivable for the net amount of centralized services.

(viii) Represent amounts received and receivable from/paid and payable to China Telecom Group for interconnection of local and domestic long distance calls.

(ix) Represent amounts received and receivable from China Telecom Group in respect of Internet applications channel services, including the provision of telecommunications channel and applications support platform and billing and deduction services, etc.

(x) Represent interest paid and payable to China Telecom Group with respect to the amounts due to China Telecom Group and loans from China Telecom Group (Note 15).

(xi) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group primarily for lease of certain CDMA mobile telecommunications network (“CDMA network”) facilities located in Xizang Autonomous Region.

(xii) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group for lease of certain inter-provincial transmission optic fibres within its service regions.

(xiii) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group for leases of land use rights.

Amounts due from/to China Telecom Group are summarized as follows:

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Accounts receivable		966		1,502
Prepayments and other current assets		798		774
Total amounts due from China Telecom Group		1,764		2,276
Accounts payable		21,331		22,682
Accrued expenses and other payables		1,813		1,838
Short-term debt		5,271		19,098
Long-term debt and payable		61,710		40,000
Total amounts due to China Telecom Group		90,125		83,618

Amounts due from/to China Telecom Group, other than short-term debt and long-term debt and payable, bear no interest, are unsecured and are repayable in accordance with contractual terms which are similar to those terms offered by third parties. The terms and conditions associated with short-term debt and long-term debt and payable due to China Telecom Group are set out in Note 15.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, no material allowance for doubtful debts was recognized in respect of amounts due from China Telecom Group.

(b) Transactions with China Tower

The principal transactions with China Tower are as follows:

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
Tower Assets Disposal					30,131		—		—
Tower Assets lease fee		(i	)		2,742		11,657		15,389
Provision of IT services		(ii	)		—		12		49

Notes:

(i) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Tower for the lease of the Tower Assets.

The Company and China Tower entered into agreement on July 8, 2016 and a supplemental agreement on February 1,2018 to confirm the pricing and related arrangements in relation to the leases of the Tower Assets.

(ii) Represent IT services provided to China Tower.

Amounts due from/to China Tower are summarized as follows:

	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Accounts receivable		10		5
Prepayments and other current assets		2,278		2,152
Total amounts due from China Tower		2,288		2,157
Accounts payable		3,697		2,611
Accrued expenses and other payables		807		1,374
Total amounts due to China Tower		4,504		3,985

Amounts due from/to China Tower bear no interest, are unsecured and are repayable in accordance with contractual terms which are similar to those terms offered by third parties.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, no material allowance for doubtful debts was recognized in respect of amounts due from China Tower.

(c) Key management personnel compensation

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Group, directly or indirectly, including directors and supervisors of the Group.

Key management personnel compensation of the Group is summarized as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015		2016		2017
	RMB		RMB		RMB
	thousands		thousands		thousands
Short-term employee benefits		9,859		9,886		7,804
Post-employment benefits		916		801		816
		10,775		10,687		8,620

The above remuneration is included in personnel expenses.

(d) Contributions to post-employment benefit plans

The Group participates in various defined contribution post-employment benefit plans organized by municipal, autonomous regional and provincial governments for its employees. Further details of the Group’s post-employment benefit plans are disclosed in Note 34.

(e) Transactions with other government-related entities in the PRC

The Group is a government-related enterprise and operates in an economic regime currently dominated by entities directly or indirectly controlled by the People’s Republic of China through government authorities, agencies, affiliations and other organizations (collectively referred to as “government-related entities”).

Apart from transactions with parent company and its fellow subsidiaries(Note 33(a)), the Group has transactions that are collectively but not individually significant with other government-related entities, which include but not limited to the following:

• rendering and receiving services, including but not limited to telecommunications services

• sales and purchases of goods, properties and other assets

• lease of assets

• depositing and borrowing

• use of public utilities

These transactions are conducted in the ordinary course of the Group’s business on terms comparable to the terms of transactions with other entities that are not government-related. The Group prices its telecommunications services and products based on government-regulated tariff rates, where applicable, or based on commercial negotiations. The Group has also established procurement policies and approval processes for purchases of products and services, which do not depend on whether the counterparties are government-related entities or not.

The directors of the Company believe the above information provides appropriate disclosure of related party transactions.

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Post-employment Benefits Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Post-employment Benefits Plans

34. POST-EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS PLANS

As stipulated by the regulations of the PRC, the Group participates in various defined contribution retirement plans organized by municipal, autonomous regional and provincial governments for its employees. The Group is required to make contributions to the retirement plans at rates ranging from 13% to 20% of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of the employees. A member of the plan is entitled to a pension equal to a fixed proportion of the salary prevailing at the member’s retirement date. Other than the above, the Group also participates in supplementary defined contribution retirement plans managed by independent external parties whereby the Group is required to make contributions to the retirement plans at fixed rates of the employees’ salaries, bonuses and certain allowances. The Group has no other material obligation for the payment of pension benefits associated with these plans beyond the annual contributions described above.

The Group’s contributions for the above plans for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 were RMB6,590 and RMB6,656 and RMB6,884 respectively.

The amount payable for contributions to the above defined contribution retirement plans as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 was RMB597 and RMB569 respectively.

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Stock Appreciation Rights

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Stock Appreciation Rights

35. STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS

The Group implemented a stock appreciation rights plan for members of its management to provide incentives to these employees. Under this plan, stock appreciation rights are granted in units with each unit representing one H share. No shares will be issued under the stock appreciation rights plan. Upon exercise of the stock appreciation rights, a recipient will receive, subject to any applicable withholding tax, a cash payment in RMB, translated from the Hong Kong dollar amount equal to the product of the number of stock appreciation rights exercised and the difference between the exercise price and market price of the Company’s H shares at the date of exercise based on the applicable exchange rate between RMB and Hong Kong dollar at the date of the exercise. The Company recognizes compensation expense of the stock appreciation rights over the applicable vesting period.

In 2012, the Company approved the granting of 916.7 million stock appreciation right units to eligible employees. Under the terms of this grant, all stock appreciation rights had an exercise price of HK$4.76 per unit. A recipient of stock appreciation rights may exercise the rights in stages commencing November 2013. As of November 2014, 2015 and 2016, the total number of stock appreciation rights exercisable may not in aggregate exceed 33.3%, 66.7% and 100.0%, respectively, of the total stock appreciation rights granted to such person.

All stock appreciation rights granted by the Company in 2012 expired in 2016. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, no stock appreciation right units were exercised. For the year ended December 31, 2016, compensation expense of RMB152 was reversed by the Group in respect of stock appreciation rights as a result of the expiration of the stock appreciation right units granted by the Company in 2012. For the year ended December 31, 2015, compensation expense of RMB102 was reversed by the Group in respect of stock appreciation rights as a result of decline in share price of the Company.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, no liability arising from stock appreciation rights was assumed by the Company.

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Principal Subsidiaries

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Principal Subsidiaries

36. PRINCIPAL SUBSIDIARIES

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries which principally affected the results, assets and liabilities of the Group as of December 31, 2017 are as follows:

Name of company	Type of legal entity	Date of incorporation	Place of incorporation and operation	Registered /issued capital (in RMB millions unless otherwise stated)		Principal             activities
China Telecom System Integration Co., Limited	Limited Company	September 13, 2001	PRC		542	Provision of system integration and consulting services
China Telecom Global Limited	Limited Company	February 25, 2000	Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC		HK$168 million	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom (Americas) Corporation	Limited Company	November 22, 2001	The United States of America		US$43 million	Provision of telecommunications services
China Telecom Best Tone Information Service Co., Limited	Limited Company	August 15, 2007	PRC		350	Provision of Best Tone information services
China Telecom (Macau) Company Limited	Limited Company	October 15, 2004	Macau Special Administrative Region of the PRC		MOP60 million	Provision of telecommunications services
Tianyi Telecom Terminals Company Limited	Limited Company	July 1, 2005	PRC		500	Sales of telecommunications terminals
China Telecom (Singapore) Pte. Limited	Limited Company	October 5, 2006	Singapore		S$1,000,001	Provision of international value-added network services
E-surfing Pay Co., Ltd	Limited Company	March 3, 2011	PRC		500	Provision of e-commerce service
Shenzhen Shekou Telecommunications Company Limited	Limited Company	May 5, 1984	PRC		91	Provision of telecommunications services
China Telecom (Australia) Pty Ltd	Limited Company	January 10, 2011	Australia		AUD1 million	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom Korea Co.,Ltd	Limited Company	May 16, 2012	South Korea		KRW500 million	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom (Malaysia) SDN BHD	Limited Company	June 26, 2012	Malaysia		MYR3,723,500	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom Information Technology (Vietnam) Co., Ltd	Limited Company	July 9, 2012	Vietnam		VND10,500 million	Provision of international value-added network services
iMUSIC Culture & Technology Co., Ltd.	Limited Company	June 9, 2013	PRC		250	Provision of music production and related information services
China Telecom (Europe) Limited	Limited Company	March 2, 2006	The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland		GBP16.15 million	Provision of international value-added network services
Zhejiang Yixin Technology Co., Ltd.	Limited Company	August 19, 2013	PRC		11	Provision of instant messenger service
Tianyi Capital Holding Co., Ltd.	Limited Company	November 30, 2017	PRC		5,000	Capital Investment and provision of consulting services

Except for Shenzhen Shekou Telecommunications Company Limited which is 51% owned by the Company and Zhejiang Yixin Technology Co., Ltd. which is 65% owned by the Company, all of the above subsidiaries are directly or indirectly wholly owned by the Company. No subsidiaries of the Group have material non-controlling interest.

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Accounting Estimates and Judgments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Accounting Estimates and Judgments

37. ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS

The Group’s financial position and results of operations are sensitive to accounting methods, assumptions and estimates that underlie the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Management bases the assumptions and estimates on historical experience and on other factors that the management believes to be reasonable and which form the basis for making judgements about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates. Actual results may differ from those estimates as facts, circumstances and conditions change.

The selection of significant accounting policies, the judgements and other uncertainties affecting application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors to be considered when reviewing the consolidated financial statements. The significant accounting policies are set forth in Note 2. Management believes the following significant accounting policies involve the most significant judgements and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Allowance for doubtful debts

Management estimates an allowance for doubtful debts resulting from the inability of the customers to make the required payments. Management bases its estimates on the ageing of the accounts receivable balance, customer credit-worthiness, and historical write-off experience. If the financial condition of the customers were to deteriorate, actual write-offs might be higher than expected and could significantly affect the results of future periods.

Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets

If circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable, the asset may be considered “impaired”, and an impairment loss would be recognized in accordance with accounting policy for impairment of long-lived assets as described in Note 2(n). The carrying amounts of the Group’s long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, intangible assets with finite useful lives and construction in progress are reviewed periodically to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. These assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their recorded carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For goodwill, the impairment testing is performed annually at the end of each reporting period. The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its value in use and fair value less costs of disposal. When an asset does not generate cash flows largely independent of those from other assets, the recoverable amount is determined for the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows independently (i.e. a cash-generating unit). In determining the value in use, expected future cash flows generated by the assets are discounted to their present value. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. It is difficult to precisely estimate fair value of the Group’s long-lived assets because quoted market prices for such assets may not be readily available. In determining the value in use, expected future cash flows generated by the asset are discounted to their present value, which requires significant judgement relating to level of revenue, amount of operating costs and applicable discount rate. Management uses all readily available information in determining an amount that is a reasonable approximation of recoverable amount, including estimates based on reasonable and supportable assumptions and projections of revenue and amount of operating costs.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, provision for impairment loss of RMB10 was made against the carrying value of long-lived assets. For the year ended December 31, 2016, provision for impairment losses of RMB62 were made against the carrying value of long-lived assets. For the year ended December 31, 2015, provision for impairment losses of RMB51 were made against the carrying value of long-lived assets. In determining the recoverable amount of these equipment, significant judgements were required in estimating future cash flows, level of revenue, amount of operating costs and applicable discount rate.

Changes in these estimates could have a significant impact on the carrying value of the assets and could result in additional impairment charge or reversal of impairment in future periods.

Depreciation and amortization

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite useful lives are depreciated and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, after taking into account their estimated residual value. Management reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of the assets annually in order to determine the amount of depreciation and amortization expense to be recorded during any reporting period. The useful lives and residual values are based on the Group’s historical experience with similar assets and take into account anticipated technological changes. The depreciation and amortization expense for future periods is adjusted if there are significant changes from previous estimates.

Classification of lease arrangement with China Tower

The Company and China Tower entered into a lease arrangement regarding the leases of Tower Assets on July 8, 2016 and a supplemental agreement on February 1, 2018. Management evaluated the detailed clauses of the leases agreement and determined such lease arrangements as operating leases according to the accounting policies disclosed in Note 2(m) and based on the following judgements: (i) the Company does not expect any transfer of ownership of Tower Assets from China Tower by the end of the lease term; (ii) the Company considered the current lease term of 5 years does not account for the major part of the economic lives of Tower Assets; (iii) the present value of minimum lease payment at the inception of the lease does not substantially account for all of the fair value of the Tower Assets; and (iv) Tower Assets are compatible with all telecommunications operators, and therefore are not of specialized nature that only the Company can use them without major modifications.

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Possible Impact of Amendments to Standards , New Standards and Interpretations Issued but Not Yet Effective for the Annual Accounting Period Ended December 31, 2017

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Possible Impact of Amendments to Standards , New Standards and Interpretations Issued but Not Yet Effective for the Annual Accounting Period Ended December 31, 2017

38. POSSIBLE IMPACT OF AMENDMENTS TO STANDARDS , NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE FOR THE ANNUAL ACCOUNTING PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017

Up to the date of issue of these consolidated financial statements, the IASB has issued the following amendments to standards, new standards and interpretations which are not yet effective and not early adopted for the annual accounting period ended December 31, 2017:

	Effective for accounting period beginning on or after
IFRS 9, “Financial Instruments”	January 1, 2018
IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and the related Amendments	January 1, 2018
IFRIC 22, “Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration”	January 1, 2018
Amendments to IFRS 2, “Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions”	January 1, 2018
Amendments to IFRS 4, “Applying IFRS 9 Financial Instruments with IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts”	January 1, 2018
Amendments to IAS 40, “Transfers of Investment Property”	January 1, 2018
Amendments to IAS 28 as part of “Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2014-2016 Cycle”	January 1, 2018
IFRS 16, “Leases”	January 1, 2019
IFRIC 23 “Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments”	January 1, 2019
Amendments to IFRS 9 “Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation”	January 1, 2019
Amendments to IAS 28 “Long-term Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures”	January 1, 2019
Amendments to IFRSs “Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015-2017 Cycle”	January 1, 2019
Amendments to IAS 19, “Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement”	January 1, 2019
IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts”	January 1, 2021
Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28, “Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture”	A date to be determined

The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact that will result from adopting the amendments to standards, new standards and interpretations issued by the IASB which are not yet effective for the accounting period ended on December 31, 2017. Except for IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”, IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, and IFRS 16, “Leases”, so far the Group believes that the adoption of these amendments to standards, new standards and interpretations is unlikely to have a significant impact on its financial position and the results of operations.

IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”

IFRS 9 introduces new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets, financial liabilities, general hedge accounting and impairment requirements for financial assets.

Key requirements of IFRS 9 which are relevant to the Group are:

• IFRS 9 contains three principal classification categories for financial assets: measured at (1) amortised cost, (2) fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), and (3) fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”). Specifically:

• Debt investments that are held within a business model whose objective is to collect the contractual cash flows, and that have contractual terms that give rise on specific dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding are generally measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods. Debt investments that are held within a business model whose objective is achieved both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets, and that have contractual terms that give rise on specific dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, are generally measured at FVTOCI. Other debt investments are measured at FVTPL.

• For equity securities, the classification is FVTPL regardless of the entity’s business model. However, entities may make an irrecoverable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value of an equity investments (that is not held for trading) in other comprehensive income, with only dividend income generally recognized in profit or loss.

In relation to the impairment of financial assets, IFRS 9 requires an expected credit loss model, as opposed to an incurred credit loss model under IAS 39, “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement”. The expected credit loss model requires an entity to account for expected credit losses and changes in those expected credit losses at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition. In other words, it is no longer necessary for a credit event to have occurred before credit losses are recognized.

Based on the Group’s financial instruments and risk management policies as of December 31, 2017, the directors of the Company anticipate the following potential impact on initial application of IFRS 9:

Classification and measurement:

Listed equity securities classified as available-for-sale investments carried at fair value as disclosed in note 13: these securities qualified for designation as measured at FVTOCI under IFRS 9, however, the fair value gains accumulated in other reserves amounting to RMB674 as of January 1, 2018 will no longer be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss under IFRS 9, which is different from the current treatment. This will affect the amounts recognized in the Group’s profit or loss and other comprehensive income in the future, but will not affect total comprehensive income;

Equity securities classified as available-for-sale investments carried at cost less impairment as disclosed in note 13: these securities qualified for designation as measured at FVTOCI under IFRS 9 and the Group will measure these securities at fair value at the end of subsequent reporting periods with fair value gains or losses to be recognized as other comprehensive income and accumulated in other reserves. The directors of the Company anticipate that the remeasurement of these securities will not have significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements; and

Other financial assets and financial liabilities will continue to be measured on the same bases as are currently measured under IAS 39.

Impairment

In general, the directors of the Company anticipate that the application of the expected credit loss model of IFRS 9 will result in earlier recognition of credit losses which are not yet incurred in relation to the Group’s financial assets measured at amortized costs and other items that subject to the impairment provisions upon application of IFRS 9 by the Group.

Based on the assessment by the directors of the Company, if the expected credit loss model were to be applied by the Group, the accumulated amount of impairment loss to be recognized by the Group as of January 1, 2018 would be slightly increased as compared to the accumulated amount recognized under IAS 39 mainly attributable to expected credit losses provision on accounts receivable. Such further impairment recognized under expected credit loss model would reduce the opening retained earnings and increase the deferred tax assets as of January 1, 2018.

IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”

IFRS 15 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. IFRS 15 will supersede the current revenue recognition guidance including IAS 18, “Revenue”, IAS 11, “Construction Contracts” and the related interpretations when it becomes effective.

The core principle of IFRS 15 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. Specifically, the standard introduces a 5-step approach to revenue recognition:

• Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer

• Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract

• Step 3: Determine the transaction price

• Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

• Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

Under IFRS 15, an entity recognizes revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when ‘control’ of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to the customer.

Far more prescriptive guidance has been added in IFRS 15 to deal with specific scenarios. Furthermore, extensive disclosures are required by IFRS 15.

In April 2016, the IASB issued Clarifications to IFRS 15 in relation to the identification of performance obligations, principal versus agent considerations, as well as licensing application guidance.

The directors of the Company have assessed the impact on application of IFRS 15 to the Group’s consolidated financial statements as follows:

• Consideration payable to a customer will be accounted for as a reduction of the transaction price and, therefore, of revenue unless the payment to the customer is in exchange for a distinct good or service that the customer transfers to the entity and the fair value of the good or service received from the customer can be reasonably estimated. The directors of the Company have assessed that certain subsidies payable to third party agent incurred in respect of customer contracts, which will be ultimately enjoyed by end customers, may be qualified as consideration payable to customers under IFRS 15 and accounted for as a reduction of operating revenues. Such costs are generally expensed as incurred before the application of IFRS 15.

• The sales of terminal equipment and the provision of telecommunications services represent separate performance obligations from the Company’s sales of the promotional packages. Before the application of IFRS 15, the total contract consideration of a promotional package is allocated to revenues generated from the provision of telecommunications services and the sales of terminal equipment using the residual method as illustrated in Note 2(o), which is no longer applicable under IFRS 15. IFRS 15 requires entities to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The primary impact on revenue recognition will be that when the Company sells promotional packages, which involve the bundled sales of terminal equipment, to customers, revenue allocated to terminal equipment and recognized at contract inception, when control of the terminal equipment typically passes from the Company to the customer, will increase and revenue subsequently recognized as telecommunications services are delivered during the contract period will reduce.

• Certain incremental costs incurred in acquiring a contract with a customer will be deferred on the consolidated statement of financial position and amortized as revenue is recognized under the related contract. The directors of the Company have assessed that certain commissions incurred in obtaining customer contracts that payable to third party agents may be qualified as incremental costs under IFRS 15 and will be deferred on the consolidated statement of financial position and recognized as an expense when related revenue is recognized under the contract. Such costs are generally expensed as incurred before the application of IFRS 15.

The combined impact of the changes is expected to increase the gross profit recorded at inception on many customer contracts; in such cases, this will typically reduce the gross profit reported during the remainder of the contract term; however, these timing differences will not impact the total gross profit reported for a customer contract over the contract term.

Under the limited retrospective method, the Group applied the requirements to the open contracts existed at January 1, 2018, resulting in an increase to the opening retained earnings for 2018 ranging from approximately RMB3,500 to RMB4,000 for the cumulative effect of the change.

In addition, the application of IFRS 15 in the future may result in more disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 16, “Leases”

IFRS 16 introduces a comprehensive model for the identification of lease arrangements and accounting treatments for both lessors and lessees. IFRS 16 will supersede IAS 17, “Leases” and the related interpretations when it becomes effective.

IFRS 16 distinguishes lease and service contracts on the basis of whether an identified asset is controlled by a customer. Distinctions of operating leases and finance leases are removed for lessee accounting, and is replaced by a model where a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability have to be recognized for all leases by lessees, except for short-term leases and leases of low value assets.

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost (subject to certain exceptions) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. Subsequently, the lease liability is adjusted for interest and lease payments, as well as the impact of lease modifications, amongst others. Under the IFRS 16, lease payments in relation to lease liability will be allocated into a principal and an interest portion which will be presented as financing and operating cash flows, respectively, by the Group.

In contrast to lessee accounting, IFRS 16 substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements in IAS 17, and continues to require a lessor to classify a lease either as an operating lease or a finance lease.

Furthermore, extensive disclosures are required by IFRS 16.

The directors of the Company are in the process of making an assessment of the impact that will result from adopting IFRS 16. A preliminary assessment indicates that the Group will recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability in respect of all the operating leases unless they qualify for low value or short-term leases upon the application of IFRS 16. In addition, the application of new requirements may result in changes in measurement, presentation and disclosure as indicated above. However, it is not practicable to provide a reasonable estimate of the financial effect until the directors of the Company complete a detailed review.

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Parent and Ultimate Holding Company

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Parent and Ultimate Holding Company

39. PARENT AND ULTIMATE HOLDING COMPANY

The parent and ultimate holding company of the Company as of December 31, 2017 is China Telecommunications Corporation, a state-owned enterprise established in the PRC.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

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Basis of preparation

(a) Basis of preparation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared on a going concern basis. These consolidated financial statements were approved and authorized by the Board of Directors on March 28, 2018.

The consolidated financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis as modified by the revaluation of certain available-for-sale equity securities at fair value (Note 2(l)).

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

Judgements made by management in the application of IFRS that have significant effect on the consolidated financial statements and major sources of estimation uncertainty are discussed in Note 37.

Basis of consolidation

(b) Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements comprise the Company and its subsidiaries and the Group’s interests in associates.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the Company. When fulfilling the following conditions, the Company has control over an entity: (a) has power over the investee, (b) has exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee, and (c) has the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of the investor’s returns.

When assessing whether the Company has power over that entity, only substantive rights (held by the Company and other parties) are considered.

The financial results of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases, and the profit attributable to non-controlling interests is separately presented on the face of the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as an allocation of the profit or loss for the year between the non-controlling interests and the equity holders of the Company. Non-controlling interests represent the equity in subsidiaries not attributable directly or indirectly to the Company. For each business combination, the Group measures the non-controlling interests at the proportionate share, of the acquisition date, of fair value of the subsidiary’s net identifiable assets. Non-controlling interests at the end of the reporting period are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position within equity and consolidated statement of changes in equity, separately from the equity of the Company’s equity holders. Changes in the Group’s interests in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions, whereby adjustments are made to the amounts of controlling and non-controlling interests within consolidated equity to reflect the change in relative interests, but no adjustments are made to goodwill and no gain or loss is recognized. When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, it is accounted for as a disposal of the entire interest in that subsidiary, with a resulting gain or loss being recognized in profit or loss. Any interest retained in that former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is recognized at fair value and this amount is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition of a financial asset or, when appropriate, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associate or a joint venture.

An associate is an entity, not being a subsidiary, in which the Group exercises significant influence, but not control, over its management. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control over those policies.

An investment in an associate is accounted for in the consolidated financial statements under the equity method and is initially recorded at cost, adjusted for any excess of the Group’s share of the acquisition-date fair values of the investee’s net identifiable assets over the cost of the investment (if any) after reassessment. Thereafter, the investment is adjusted for the Group’s equity share of the post-acquisition changes in the associate’s net assets and any impairment loss relating to the investment. When the Group ceases to have significant influence over an associate, it is accounted for as a disposal of the entire interest in that investee, with a resulting gain or loss being recognized in profit or loss. Any interest retained in that former investee at the date when significant influence is lost is recognized at fair value and this amount is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition of a financial asset.

All significant intercompany balances and transactions and unrealized gains arising from intercompany transactions are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the entity. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

Foreign currencies

(c) Foreign currencies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in Renminbi (“RMB”). The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries in mainland China is RMB. The functional currency of the Group’s foreign operations is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the foreign operations operate. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are translated into the functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing on the transaction dates. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the end of the reporting period. The resulting exchange differences, other than those capitalized as construction in progress (Note 2(i)), are recognized as income or expense in profit or loss. For the periods presented, no exchange differences were capitalized.

When preparing the Group’s consolidated financial statements, the results of operations of the Group’s foreign operations are translated into RMB at average rate prevailing during the year. Assets and liabilities of the Group’s foreign operations are translated into RMB at the foreign exchange rates ruling at the end of the reporting period. The resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated separately in equity in the exchange reserve.

Cash and cash equivalents

(d) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and time deposits with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. None of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents is restricted as to withdrawal.

Accounts and other receivables

(e) Accounts and other receivables

Accounts and other receivables are initially recognized at fair value and thereafter stated at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less allowance for doubtful debts (Note 2(n)) unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost less allowance for doubtful debts.

Inventories

(f) Inventories

Inventories consist of materials and supplies used in maintaining the telecommunications network and goods for resale. Inventories are valued at cost using the specific identification method or the weighted average cost method, less a provision for obsolescence.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion, the estimated costs to make the sale and the related tax expenses.

Property, plant and equipment

(g) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost, less subsequent accumulated depreciation and impairment losses (Note 2(n)). The cost of an asset comprises its purchase price, any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to working condition and location for its intended use and the cost of borrowed funds used during the periods of construction. Expenditure incurred after the asset has been put into operation, including cost of replacing part of such an item, is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the item of property, plant and equipment and the cost can be measured reliably. All other expenditure is expensed as it is incurred.

Assets held under finance leases (Note 2 (m)) are amortized over the shorter of the lease term and their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. As of December 31, 2017, no asset was held by the Group under finance leases (2016: nil).

Gains or losses arising from retirement or disposal of property, plant and equipment are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the respective asset and are recognized as income or expense in the profit or loss on the date of disposal.

Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of each asset over its estimated useful life on a straight-line basis, after taking into account its estimated residual value, as follows:

	Depreciable lives primarily range from
Buildings and improvements	8 to 30 years
Telecommunications network plant and equipment	5 to 10 years
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment	5 to 10 years

Where parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, the cost of the item is allocated on a reasonable basis between the parts and each part is depreciated separately. Both the useful life of an asset and its residual value are reviewed annually.

During the year, the Group reviewed the estimated useful lives of all property, plant and equipment and changed the depreciable lives of corporate information system equipment ,IPTV equipment and CDN equipment (included in telecommunications network plant and equipment) from 10 years to 5 years. The effect of such changes in accounting estimates is set out in Note 8.

Lease prepayments

(h) Lease prepayments

Lease prepayments represent land use rights paid. Land use rights are initially carried at cost or deemed cost and then charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the respective periods of the rights which range from 20 years to 70 years.

Construction in progress

(i) Construction in progress

Construction in progress represents buildings, telecommunications network plant and equipment and other equipment and intangible assets under construction and pending installation, and is stated at cost less impairment losses (Note 2(n)). The cost of an item comprises direct costs of construction, capitalization of interest charge, and foreign exchange differences on related borrowed funds to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest charges during the periods of construction. Capitalization of these costs ceases and the construction in progress is transferred to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets when the asset is substantially ready for its intended use.

No depreciation is provided in respect of construction in progress.

Goodwill

(j) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the Group’s interest in the fair value of the net assets acquired in the CDMA business (as defined in Note 10) acquisition.

Goodwill is stated at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units and is tested annually for impairment (Note 2(n)). On disposal of a cash generating unit during the year, any attributable amount of the goodwill is included in the calculation of the profit or loss on disposal.

Intangible assets

(k) Intangible assets

The Group’s intangible assets are primarily software.

Software that is not an integral part of any tangible assets, is recorded at cost less subsequent accumulated amortization and impairment losses (Note 2(n)). Amortization of software is mainly calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives, which range from three to five years.

Investments

(l) Investments

Investments in available-for-sale equity securities are carried at fair value with any change in fair value being recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated separately in equity. For investments in available-for-sale equity securities, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of that investment below its cost is considered to be objective evidence of impairment. When these investments are derecognized or impaired, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is recognized in profit or loss. Investments in unlisted equity securities that do not have a quoted market price in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured are stated at cost less impairment losses (Note 2(n)).

Leasing

(m) Leasing

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets acquired under finance leases are initially recorded at amounts equivalent to the lower of the fair value of the leased assets at the inception of the lease or the present value of the minimum lease payments (computed using the rate of interest implicit in the lease). The net present value of the future minimum lease payments is recorded correspondingly as a finance lease obligation.

Where the Group has the right to use the assets under operating leases, payments made under the leases are charged to profit or loss in equal installments over the accounting periods covered by the lease term, except where an alternative basis is more representative of the pattern of benefits to be derived from the leased asset. Lease incentives received are recognized in profit or loss as an integral part of the aggregate net lease payments made. Contingent rentals are charged to profit or loss in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

Impairment

(n) Impairment

(i) Impairment of accounts and other receivables and investments in equity securities carried at cost

Accounts and other receivables and investments in equity securities carried at cost are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is objective evidence of impairment. Objective evidence of impairment includes observable data that comes to the attention of the Group about one or more of the following loss events:

- significant financial difficulty of the debtor or issuer;

- a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;

- it becoming probable that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; and

- significant changes in the technological, market, economic or legal environment that have an adverse effect on the debtor/ issuer.

The impairment loss for accounts and other receivables is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate where the effect of discounting is material, and is recognized as an expense in profit or loss.

The impairment loss for investments in equity securities carried at cost is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the estimated future cash flows, discounted at the current market rate of return for a similar financial asset where the effect of discounting is material, and is recognized as an expense in profit or loss.

Impairment losses for accounts and other receivables are reversed through profit or loss if in a subsequent period the amount of the impairment losses decreases. Impairment losses for equity securities carried at cost are not reversed.

(ii) Impairment of long-lived assets

The carrying amounts of the Group’s long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, intangible assets with finite useful lives and construction in progress are reviewed periodically to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. These assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their recorded carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For goodwill, the impairment testing is performed annually at each year end.

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. When an asset does not generate cash flows largely independent of those from other assets, the recoverable amount is determined for the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows independently (i.e. a cash-generating unit). In determining the value in use, expected future cash flows generated by the assets are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. The goodwill arising from a business combination, for the purpose of impairment testing, is allocated to cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment loss is recognized as an expense in profit or loss. Impairment loss recognized in respect of cash-generating units is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis.

The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognized for an asset in prior years may no longer exist. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a favorable change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. A subsequent increase in the recoverable amount of an asset, when the circumstances and events that led to the write-down cease to exist, is recognized as an income in profit or loss. The reversal is reduced by the amount that would have been recognized as depreciation and amortization had the write-down not occurred. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For the years presented, no reversal of impairment loss was recognized in profit or loss.

Revenue recognition

(o) Revenue recognition

The revenue recognition methods of the Group are as follows:

(i) Voice usage fee is recognized as the service is provided.

(ii) Fees received for wireline installation charges for periods prior to January 1, 2012 are deferred and recognized over the expected customer relationship period. The direct costs associated with the installation of wireline services are deferred to the extent of the installation fees and amortized over the same expected customer relationship period. From 2012 onwards, since the amounts of fees received and the associated direct costs incurred are insignificant, the fees and associated direct costs are not deferred, and are recognized in profit or loss when received or incurred.

(iii) Monthly service fees are recognized in the month during which the services are provided to customers.

(iv) Revenue from sale of prepaid calling cards are recognized as the cards are used by customers.

(v) Revenue derived from information and application services are recognized when the services are provided to customers.

Revenue from information and application services in which no third party service providers are involved, such as caller display and Internet data center services, are presented on a gross basis. Revenues from all other information and application services are presented on either gross or net basis based on the assessment of each individual arrangement with third parties. The following factors indicate that the Group is acting as a principal in the arrangements with third parties:

i) The Group is primarily responsible for providing the applications or services desired by customers, and takes responsibility for fulfillment of ordered applications or services, including the acceptability of the applications or services ordered or purchased by customers;

ii) The Group takes title of the inventory of the applications before they are ordered by customers;

iii) The Group has risks and rewards of ownership, such as risks of loss for collection from customers after applications or services are provided to customers;

iv) The Group has latitude in establishing selling prices with customers;

v) The Group can modify the applications or perform part of the services;

vi) The Group has discretion in selecting suppliers used to fulfill an order; and

vii) The Group determines the nature, type, characteristics, or specifications of the applications or services.

If majority of the indicators of risks and responsibilities exist in the arrangements with third parties, the Group is acting as a principal and have exposure to the significant risks and rewards associated with the rendering of services or the sale of applications, and revenues for these services are recognized on a gross basis. If majority of the indicators of risks and responsibilities do not exist in the arrangements with third parties, the Group is acting as an agent, and revenues for these services are recognized on a net basis.

(vi) Revenue from the provision of Internet and telecommunications network resource services are recognized when the services are provided to customers.

(vii) Interconnection fees from domestic and foreign telecommunications operators are recognized when the services are rendered as measured by the minutes of traffic processed.

(viii) Lease income from operating leases is recognized over the term of the lease.

(ix) Sale of equipment is recognized on delivery of the equipment to customers and when the significant risks and rewards of ownership and title have been transferred to the customers. Revenue from repair and maintenance of equipment is recognized when the service is provided to customers.

The Group offers promotional packages, which involve the bundled sales of terminal equipment (mobile handsets) and telecommunications services, to customers. The total contract consideration of a promotional package is allocated to revenues generated from the provision of telecommunications services and the sales of terminal equipment using the residual method. Under the residual method, the total contract consideration of the arrangement is allocated as follows: The undelivered component, which is the provision of telecommunications services, is measured at fair value, and the remainder of the contract consideration is allocated to the delivered component, which is the sales of terminal equipment. The Group recognizes revenues generated from the delivery and sales of the terminal equipment when the title of the terminal equipment is passed to the customers whereas revenues generated from the provision of telecommunications services are recognized based upon the actual usage of such services. During each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, a substantial portion of the total contract consideration is allocated to the provision of telecommunications services since the terminal equipment is typically provided free of charge or at a nominal amount to promote the Group’s core business of the provision of telecommunications services, and the fair value of the telecommunication services approximates the total contract consideration.

Advertising and promotion expense

(p) Advertising and promotion expense

The costs for advertising and promoting the Group’s telecommunications services are expensed as incurred. Advertising and promotion expense, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses, was RMB19,294, RMB17,070 and RMB14,072 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively, among which, the costs of terminal equipment offered as part of a promotional package to our customers for free or at a nominal amount to promote the Group’s telecommunication service amounted to RMB11,620, RMB9,370 and RMB4,707, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively.

Net finance costs

(q) Net finance costs

Net finance costs comprise interest income on bank deposits, interest costs on borrowings, and foreign exchange gains and losses. Interest income from bank deposits is recognized as it accrues using the effective interest method.

Interest costs incurred in connection with borrowings are calculated using the effective interest method and are expensed as incurred, except to the extent that they are capitalized as being directly attributable to the construction of an asset which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.

Research and development expense

(r) Research and development expense

Research and development expenditure is expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, research and development expense was RMB792, RMB825 and RMB1,088 , respectively.

Employee benefits

(s) Employee benefits

The Group’s contributions to defined contribution retirement plans administered by the PRC government and defined contribution retirement plans administered by independent external parties are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Further information is set out in Note 34.

Compensation expense in respect of the stock appreciation rights granted is accrued as a charge to the profit or loss over the applicable vesting period based on the fair value of the stock appreciation rights. The liability of the accrued compensation expense is re-measured to fair value at the end of each reporting period with the effect of changes in the fair value of the liability charged or credited to profit or loss. Further details of the Group’s stock appreciation rights scheme are set out in Note 35.

Government grants

(t) Government grants

The Group’s government grants are mainly related to the government loans with below-market rate of interest.

Government grants shall only be recognized until there is reasonable assurance that:

(i) the Group will comply with all the conditions attaching to them; and

(ii) the grants will be received.

Government grants that compensate expenses incurred are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income in the same periods in which the expenses are incurred.

Government grants relating to assets are recognized in deferred revenue and are credited to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets.

Interest-bearing borrowings

(u) Interest-bearing borrowings

Interest-bearing borrowings are recognized initially at fair value less attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-bearing borrowings are stated at amortized cost with any difference between the amount initially recognized and the redemption value recognized in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings, together with any interest, using the effective interest method.

Accounts and other payables

(v) Accounts and other payables

Accounts and other payables are initially recognized at fair value and thereafter stated at amortized cost unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost.

Provisions and contingent liabilities

(w) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position when the Group has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Where the time value of money is material, provisions are stated at the present value of the expenditure expected to settle the obligation.

Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Possible obligations, whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events, are also disclosed as contingent liabilities unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote.

Value-added tax

(x) Value-added tax

Under current PRC tax rules and regulations, output VAT rate for basic telecommunications services (including voice communication, lease or sale of network resources) is 11% while the output VAT rate for value-added telecommunications services (including Internet access services, short and multimedia messaging services, transmission and application service of electronic data and information) is 6%, and the output VAT for sales of telecommunications terminals and equipment is 17%. Input VAT rate depends on the type of services received and the assets purchased as well as the VAT rate applicable to a specific industry, and ranges from 3% to 17%.

Output VAT is excluded from operating revenues while input VAT, which is incurred as a result of the Company’s receipt of services and purchases of telecommunications equipment and materials, is excluded from operating expenses or the original cost of equipment purchased and can be netted against the output VAT, arriving at the net amount of VAT recoverable or payable. As the VAT obligations are borne by branches and subsidiaries of the Company, input and output VAT are set off at branches and subsidiaries levels, and the net amount of VAT recoverable or payable of branches and subsidiaries are not offset at the consolidation level. Such net amount of VAT recoverable or payable is recorded in the line item of prepayments and other current assets and accrued expenses and other payables, respectively on the face of consolidated statements of financial position.

Income tax

(y) Income tax

Income tax for the year comprises current tax and movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Income tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income, or directly in equity, in which case the relevant amounts of tax are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet liability method, providing for all temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their tax bases. The amount of deferred tax is calculated on the basis of the enacted or substantively enacted tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. The effect on deferred tax of any changes in tax rates is charged or credited to profit or loss, except for the effect of a change in tax rate on the carrying amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities which were previously recognized in other comprehensive income, in such case the effect of a change in tax rate is also recognized in other comprehensive income.

A deferred tax asset is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the asset can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Dividends

(z) Dividends

Dividends are recognized as a liability in the period in which they are declared.

Related parties

(aa) Related parties

(a) A person, or a close member of that person’s family, is related to the Group if that person:

(i) has control or joint control over the Group;

(ii) has significant influence over the Group; or

(iii) is a member of the key management personnel of the Group or the Group’s parent.

(b) An entity is related to the Group if any of the following conditions applies:

(i) The entity and the Group are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others);

(ii) The entity is an associate or joint venture of the Group (or an associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the Group is a member); or the Group is an associate or joint venture of the entity (or an associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the entity is a member);

(iii) The entity and the Group are joint ventures of the same third party;

(iv) The entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the Group is an associate of the third entity; or the Group is a joint venture of a third entity and the entity is an associate of the third entity;

(v) The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a);

(vi) A person identified in (a)(i) has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity).

Close members of the family of a person are those family members who may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with the entity.

Segmental reporting

(ab) Segmental reporting

An operating segment is a component of an entity that engages in business activities from which revenues are earned and expenses are incurred, and is identified on the basis of the internal financial reports that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in order to allocate resource and assess performance of the segment. For the periods presented, management has determined that the Group has one operating segment as the Group is only engaged in the integrated telecommunications business. The Group’s assets located outside mainland China and operating revenues derived from activities outside mainland China are less than 10% of the Group’s assets and operating revenues, respectively. No geographical area information has been presented as such amount is immaterial. No single external customer accounts for 10% or more of the Group’s operating revenues.

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Principal Activities, Organization and Basis of Presentation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Analysis of Assets and Liabilities of Disposed Subsidiary

Analysis of assets and liabilities of the disposed subsidiary:

	October 31, 2017
	RMB
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		65
Accounts receivable, net		48
Prepayments and other current assets		67
Non-current Assets
Property, plant and equipment, net		16
Intangible assets		3
Current liabilities
Accounts payable		29
Accrued expenses and other payables		27
Net assets disposal of		143

Summary of Gain on Disposal of Subsidiary

Gain on disposal of a subsidiary:

	2017
	RMB
Consideration received and receivable		251
Net assets disposed of		(143	)
Gain on disposal		108

Summary of Net Cash Inflow from Disposal of Subsidiary

Net cash inflow from disposal of a subsidiary:

	2017
	RMB
Consideration received in cash and cash equivalents		249
Less: Cash and cash equivalents disposed of		(65	)
Net cash inflow from disposal of a subsidiary		184

Summary of Consolidated Financial Statements of Group to Reflect Acquisition of Eighth Acquired Group

The consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2016 as previously reported by the Group and the combined amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements of the Group to reflect the acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group are set out below:

	The Group (as previously reported) RMB		The Eighth Acquired Group RMB		The Group (restated) RMB
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2015:
Operating revenues		331,202		315		331,517
Profit for the year		20,142		4		20,146
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2016:
Operating revenues		352,285		249		352,534
Profit for the year		18,109		14		18,123
Consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2016:
Total assets		652,368		190		652,558
Total liabilities		336,073		137		336,210
Total equity		316,295		53		316,348

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Estimated Useful Life for Depreciation Purposes of Property, Plant and Equipment

Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of each asset over its estimated useful life on a straight-line basis, after taking into account its estimated residual value, as follows:

	Depreciable lives primarily range from
Buildings and improvements	8 to 30 years
Telecommunications network plant and equipment	5 to 10 years
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment	5 to 10 years

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Cash and Cash Equivalents (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Cash and Cash Equivalents

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Cash at bank and in hand		22,147		17,763
Time deposits with original maturity within three months		2,470		1,647
		24,617		19,410

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Accounts Receivable, Net (Tables) - Trade receivables [member]

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Summary of Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable, net, are analyzed as follows:

			December 31,
	Note		2016			2017
			RMB			RMB
			(restated)
Accounts receivable
Third parties				22,958			23,762
China Telecom Group		(i)		966			1,502
China Tower				10			5
Other telecommunications operators in the PRC				933			669
				24,867			25,938
Less: Allowance for doubtful debts				(3,402	)		(3,842	)
				21,465			22,096

Note:

(i) China Telecommunications Corporation together with its subsidiaries other than the Group are referred to as “China Telecom Group”.

Changes in Allowance for Doubtful Debts

The following table summarizes the changes in allowance for doubtful debts for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2016			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB
				(restated)
At beginning of year		2,478			2,935			3,402
Impairment losses for doubtful debts		2,172			2,203			1,962
Accounts receivable written off		(1,715	)		(1,736	)		(1,522	)
At end of year		2,935			3,402			3,842

Ageing Analysis of Accounts Receivable not Impaired

Ageing analysis of accounts receivable that are not impaired is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Not past due		19,418		19,623
Less than 1 month past due		1,180		1,518
1 to 3 months past due		867		955
Amounts past due		2,047		2,473
		21,465		22,096

Telephone and Internet subscribers [member]

Summary of Accounts Receivable, Net

Ageing analysis of accounts receivable from telephone and Internet subscribers based on the billing dates is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Current, within 1 month		9,993			9,323
1 to 3 months		2,179			2,607
4 to 12 months		1,763			1,780
More than 12 months		761			878
		14,696			14,588
Less: Allowance for doubtful debts		(2,427	)		(2,603	)
		12,269			11,985

Other telecommunications operators and enterprise customers [member]

Summary of Accounts Receivable, Net

Ageing analysis of accounts receivable from other telecommunications operators and enterprise customers based on date of rendering of services is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
	(restated)
Current, within 1 month		3,671			4,421
1 to 3 months		1,895			1,973
4 to 12 months		2,360			2,644
More than 12 months		2,245			2,312
		10,171			11,350
Less: Allowance for doubtful debts		(975	)		(1,239	)
		9,196			10,111

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Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Inventories

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Materials and supplies		1,200		1,071
Goods for resale		3,906		3,052
		5,106		4,123

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Prepayments and Other Current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Prepayments and Other Current Assets

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Amounts due from China Telecom Group		798		774
Amounts due from China Tower		2,278		2,152
Amounts due from other telecommunications operators in the PRC		326		369
Prepayments in connection with construction work and equipment purchases		2,664		2,542
Prepaid expenses and deposits		3,784		3,486
Value-added tax recoverable		5,197		7,186
Other receivables		4,518		5,619
		19,565		22,128

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Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

	Buildings and improvements			Telecommunications network  plant and equipment			Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Cost/Deemed cost:
Balance at January 1, 2016, as previously reported		97,459			819,257			29,607			946,323
Adjusted for the Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		—			61			3			64
Balance at January 1, 2016, as restated		97,459			819,318			29,610			946,387
Additions		664			1,335			480			2,479
Transferred from construction in progress		2,053			78,287			1,739			82,079
Disposals		(754	)		(74,976	)		(1,753	)		(77,483	)
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			—			(3	)		(3	)
Reclassification		87			(128	)		41			—
Balance at December 31, 2016, as restated		99,509			823,836			30,114			953,459
Additions		583			532			410			1,525
Transferred from construction in progress		1,967			87,129			1,707			90,803
Disposals		(709	)		(68,719	)		(1,936	)		(71,364	)
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			(33	)		—			(33	)
Reclassification		(18	)		(272	)		290			—
Balance at December 31, 2017		101,332			842,473			30,585			974,390
Accumulated depreciation and impairment:
Balance at January 1, 2016, as previously reported		(47,102	)		(504,015	)		(21,225	)		(572,342	)
Adjusted for the Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		—			(39	)		(2	)		(41	)
Balance at January 1,2016, as restated		(47,102	)		(504,054	)		(21,227	)		(572,383	)
Depreciation and impairment charge for the year		(4,527	)		(56,956	)		(2,267	)		(63,750	)
Written back on disposals		681			70,010			1,652			72,343
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			—			2			2
Reclassification		(70	)		83			(13	)		—
Balance at December 31, 2016, as restated		(51,018	)		(490,917	)		(21,853	)		(563,788	)
Depreciation and impairment charge for the year		(4,326	)		(63,903	)		(2,145	)		(70,374	)
Written back on disposal		620			63,553			1,839			66,012
Disposal of a subsidiary		—			17			—			17
Reclassification		18			184			(202	)		—
Balance at December 31, 2017		(54,706	)		(491,066	)		(22,361	)		(568,133	)
Net book value at December 31, 2017		46,626			351,407			8,224			406,257
Net book value at December 31, 2016, as restated		48,491			332,919			8,261			389,671

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Construction in Progress (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Construction in Progress

	RMB
	(restated)
Balance at January 1, 2016, as previously reported		69,103
Adjusted for Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		4
Balance at January 1, 2016, as restated		69,107
Additions		97,043
Transferred to property, plant and equipment		(82,079	)
Transferred to intangible assets		(3,685	)
Balance at December 31, 2016, as restated		80,386
Additions		88,359
Transferred to property, plant and equipment		(90,803	)
Transferred to intangible assets		(4,836	)
Balance at December 31, 2017		73,106

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Goodwill (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Goodwill

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Cost:
Goodwill arising from acquisition of CDMA business		29,923		29,920

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Intangible Assets

	Software
	RMB
Cost:
Balance at January 1, 2016		26,301
Additions		363
Transferred from construction in progress		3,685
Disposals		(531	)
Balance at December 31, 2016		29,818
Additions		175
Transferred from construction in progress		4,836
Disposals		(268	)
Disposal of a subsidiary		(11	)
Balance at December 31, 2017		34,550
Accumulated amortization and impairment:
Balance at January 1, 2016		(15,562	)
Amortization charge for the year		(3,500	)
Written back on disposals		488
Balance at December 31, 2016		(18,574	)
Amortization charge for the year		(3,843	)
Written back on disposals		250
Disposal of a subsidiary		8
Balance at December 31, 2017		(22,159	)
Net book value at December 31, 2017		12,391
Net book value at December 31, 2016		11,244

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Interests in Associates (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Summary of Interests in Associates

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Unlisted equity investments, at cost		36,347			36,648
Share of post-acquisition changes in net assets		(1,775	)		(922	)
		34,572			35,726

Details of Principal Associates Accounted for under Equity Method

The Group’s interests in associates are accounted for under the equity method. Details of the Group’s principal associates are as follows:

Name of company	Attributable equity  interest			Principal activities
China Tower Corporation Limited		27.9	%	Construction, maintenance and operation of telecommunications towers as well as ancillary facilities
Shanghai Information Investment Incorporation		24.0	%	Provision of information technology consultancy services

The above associates are established and operated in the PRC and are not traded on any stock exchange.

China Tower Corporation Limited [member]

Summarized Financial Information of Associates and Reconciled to Carrying Amounts of Interests in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements

Summarized financial information of the Group’s principal associates and reconciled to the carrying amounts of interests in associates in the Group’s consolidated financial statements are disclosed below:

	China Tower Corporation Limited
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Current assets		39,565			30,517
Non-current assets		272,103			292,126
Current liabilities		171,568			150,438
Non-current liabilities		14,548			44,710
Operating revenues		54,474			68,665
(Loss) / profit for the year		(575	)		1,943
Other comprehensive income for the year		—			—
Total comprehensive income for the year		(575	)		1,943
Dividend received from the associate		—			—
Reconciled to the Group’s interests in the associate
Net assets of the associate		125,552			127,495
Non-controlling interests of the associate		—			—
Group’s effective interest in the associate		27.9	%		27.9	%
Group’s share of net assets of the associate		35,029			35,571
Adjustment for the remaining balance of the deferred gain from the Tower Assets Disposal		(1,782	)		(1,580	)
Carrying amount of the associate in the consolidated financial statements of the Group		33,247			33,991

Shanghai Information Investment Incorporation [member]

Summarized Financial Information of Associates and Reconciled to Carrying Amounts of Interests in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements

	Shanghai Information Investment Incorporation
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Current assets		6,688			7,146
Non-current assets		8,421			8,049
Current liabilities		5,754			5,835
Non-current liabilities		3,104			2,673
Operating revenues		4,222			4,313
Profit for the year		413			563
Other comprehensive income for the year		24			22
Total comprehensive income for the year		437			585
Dividend received from the associate		9			9
Reconciled to the Group’s interests in the associate
Net assets of the associate		6,251			6,687
Non-controlling interests of the associate		(1,940	)		(2,004	)
Group’s effective interest in the associate		24.0	%		24.0	%
Group’s share of net assets of the associate		1,035			1,124
Carrying amount of the associate in the consolidated financial statements of the Group		1,035			1,124

Aggregated individually immaterial associates [member]

Summarized Financial Information of Associates and Reconciled to Carrying Amounts of Interests in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements

Aggregate financial information of the Group’s associates that are not individually material is disclosed below:

	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
The Group’s share of profit of these associates		21		36
The Group’s share of other comprehensive income of these associates		—		2
The Group’s share of total comprehensive income of these associates		21		38
Aggregate carrying amount of these associates in the consolidated financial statements of the Group		290		611

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Investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Investments

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Available-for-sale listed equity securities		1,369		969
Other unlisted equity investments		166		185
		1,535		1,154

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Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities

The components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position and the movements are as follows:

	Assets				Liabilities						Net Balance
	2017		2016		2017			2016			2017			2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,626		1,531		—			—			1,626			1,531
Property, plant and equipment, and others		3,782		3,410		(7,789	)		(4,416	)		(4,007	)		(1,006	)
Deferred revenues and installation costs		71		120		(52	)		(85	)		19			35
Available-for-sale equity securities		—		—		(169	)		(269	)		(169	)		(269	)
Deferred tax assets/(liabilities)		5,479		5,061		(8,010	)		(4,770	)		(2,531	)		291

Movements in Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities

	Balance at January 1, 2015			Recognized in  consolidated statement of comprehensive income			Balance at December 31, 2015
	RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,156			135			1,291
Property, plant and equipment, and others		1,015			554			1,569
Deferred revenues and installation costs		99			(39	)		60
Available-for-sale equity securities		(163	)		(163	)		(326	)
Net deferred tax assets		2,107			487			2,594

	Balance at January 1, 2016			Recognized in  consolidated statement of comprehensive income			Balance at December 31, 2016
	RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,291			240			1,531
Property, plant and equipment, and others		1,569			(2,575	)		(1,006	)
Deferred revenues and installation costs		60			(25	)		35
Available-for-sale equity securities		(326	)		57			(269	)
Net deferred tax assets		2,594			(2,303	)		291

	Balance at January 1, 2017			Recognized in  consolidated statement of comprehensive income			Balance at December 31, 2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts		1,531			95			1,626
Property, plant and equipment, and others		(1,006	)		(3,001	)		(4,007	)
Deferred revenues and installation costs		35			(16	)		19
Available-for-sale equity securities		(269	)		100			(169	)
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities)		291			(2,822	)		(2,531	)

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Short-term and Long-term Debt and Payable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Aggregate Maturities of Long-term Debt and Payable

The aggregate maturities of the Group’s long-term debt and payable subsequent to December 31, 2017 are as follows:

	RMB
2018		1,146
2019		1,088
2020		21,044
2021		983
2022		20,944
Thereafter		4,537
		49,742

Short-term debt [member]

Summary of Debt and Payable

Short-term debt comprises:

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Loans from banks – unsecured		16,411		16,565
Super short-term commercial papers – unsecured		18,996		18,745
Other loans – unsecured		102		150
Loans from China Telecom Group – unsecured		5,271		19,098
Total short-term debt		40,780		54,558

Long-term debt and payable [member]

Summary of Debt and Payable

Long-term debt and payable comprises:

		December 31,
	Interest rates and final maturity	2016			2017
		RMB			RMB
Bank loans – unsecured
Renminbi denominated (Note (i))	Interest rates ranging from 1.08% to 7.04% per annum with maturities through 2036		9,245			9,148
US Dollars denominated	Interest rates ranging from 1.00% to 8.30% per annum with maturities through 2048		446			370
Euro denominated	Interest rate of 2.30% per annum with maturities through 2032		239			223
Other currencies denominated			5			—
			9,935			9,741
Other loans – unsecured
Renminbi denominated			1			1
Amount due to China Telecom – Group unsecured
Deferred consideration of Mobile Network Acquisition – Renminbi denominated (Note (ii))			61,710			—
Loans from China Telecom Group – unsecured
Renminbi denominated (Note (iii))			—			40,000
Total long-term debt and payable			71,646			49,742
Less: Current portion			(62,276	)		(1,146	)
Non-current portion			9,370			48,596

Notes:

(i) The Group obtained long-term RMB denominated government loans with below-market interest rate ranging from 1.08% to 1.20% per annum through banks (the “Low-interest Loans”). The Group recognized the Low-interest Loans at their fair value on initial recognition, and accreted the discount to profit or loss using the effective interest rate method. The difference between the fair value and the face value of the Low-interest Loans was recognized as government grants in deferred revenue at initial recognition (Note 18).

(ii) Represented the remaining balance of the deferred consideration payable to China Telecommunications Corporation in respect of the acquisition of certain CDMA network assets and associated liabilities, which were held by China Telecommunications Corporation through network branches located in 30 provinces , municipalities and autonomous regions in the PRC (hereinafter referred to as the “Mobile Network Acquisition”). The Company fully repaid the deferred consideration in November and December 2017. The Company paid interest on the deferred payment to China Telecommunications Corporation at half-yearly intervals and the interest accrues from the day following the completion of the Mobile Network Acquisition. The interest rate is set at a 5 basis points premium to the yield of the 5-year super AAA rated Medium Term Notes most recently published by the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors before the completion date of the Mobile Network Acquisition and would be adjusted once a year in accordance with the last yield of the 5-year super AAA rated Medium Term Notes most recently published by the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors at the end of each year. The interest rate for 2017 was 4.11%.

(iii) The Group obtained long-term RMB denominated loans with the interest rate of 3.8% per annum from China Telecommunications Corporation on December 25, 2017, which are repayable within 3 to 5 years.

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Accounts Payable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Accounts Payable

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB (restated)		RMB
Third parties		96,736		93,324
China Telecom Group		21,331		22,682
China Tower		3,697		2,611
Other telecommunications operators in the PRC		729		704
		122,493		119,321

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Accrued Expenses and Other Payables (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Accrued Expenses and Other Payables

Amounts due to China Telecom Group	(i	)	1,813	1,838
Amounts due to China Tower			807	1,374
Amounts due to other telecommunications operators in the PRC			41	59
Accrued expenses	(ii	)	21,297	24,864
Value-added tax payable			797	645
Customer deposits and receipts in advance			66,418	69,915
			91,173	98,695

Notes:

(i) Amounts due to China Telecom Group as of December 31, 2017 includes the consideration of the Eighth Acquisition amounting to RMB87, among which the consideration of the acquisition of Zhonghe Hengtai was fully paid by March 23, 2018, while the remaining consideration payable in respect of the acquisition of the Satcom Business had not been fully paid at the end of the reporting period.

(ii) Accrued expenses as of December 31, 2017 includes the unpaid portion of consideration of the acquisition of non-controlling interest of a subsidiary of the Group amounting to RMB119, which has been fully settled on January 23, 2018.

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Deferred Revenues (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Deferred Revenues

	December 31,
	2016			2017
	RMB			RMB
Balance at beginning of year		2,482			3,558
Additions for the year
— calling cards		753			390
— government grants		1,494			—
		2,247			390
Reductions for the year
— amortization of installation fees		(294	)		(208	)
— usage of calling cards		(625	)		(384	)
— amortization of government grants		(252	)		(295	)
Balance at end of year		3,558			3,061
Representing:
— current portion		1,253			1,233
— non-current portion		2,305			1,828
		3,558			3,061

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Share Capital (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Share Capital

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Registered, issued and fully paid
67,054,958,321 ordinary domestic shares of RMB1.00 each		67,055		67,055
13,877,410,000 overseas listed H shares of RMB1.00 each		13,877		13,877
		80,932		80,932

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Reserves (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Reserves

	Capital reserve			Share premium		Surplus reserves		Other reserves			Exchange reserve			Retained earnings			Total
	RMB			RMB		RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
	(Note (i))					(Note (iii))		(Note (ii))
Balance as of January 1, 2015, as previously reported		17,064			10,746		69,072		384			(941	)		111,926			208,251
Adjusted for the Eighth Acquisition (Note 1)		10			—		—		—			—			25			35
Balance as of January 1, 2015, as restated		17,074			10,746		69,072		384			(941	)		111,951			208,286
Total comprehensive income for the year, as restated		—			—		—		492			129			20,058			20,679
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		(1	)		—		—		—			—			—			(1	)
Contribution from non-controlling interests		87			—		—		—			—			—			87
Dividends (Note 27)		—			—		—		—			—			(6,160	)		(6,160	)
Appropriations (Note (iii))		—			—		1,901		—			—			(1,901	)		—
Balance as of December 31, 2015, as restated		17,160			10,746		70,973		876			(812	)		123,948			222,891
Total comprehensive income for the year, as restated		—			—		—		(165	)		190			18,018			18,043
Dividends (Note 27)		—			—		—		—			—			(6,489	)		(6,489	)
Appropriations (Note (iii))		—			—		1,638		—			—			(1,638	)		—
Balance as of December 31, 2016, as restated		17,160			10,746		72,611		711			(622	)		133,839			234,445
Total comprehensive income for the year		—			—		—		(293	)		(259	)		18,617			18,065
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group (Note 1)		(80	)		—		—		—			—			(7	)		(87	)
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		46			—		—		—			—			—			46
Dividends (Note 27)		—			—		—		—			—			(7,530	)		(7,530	)
Appropriations (Note (iii))		—			—		1,686		—			—			(1,686	)		—
Others		—			—		—		(4	)		—			—			(4	)
Balance as of December 31, 2017		17,126			10,746		74,297		414			(881	)		143,233			244,935

Notes:

(i) Capital reserve of the Group mainly represents the sum of (a) the difference between the carrying amount of the Company’s net assets and the par value of the Company’s shares issued upon its formation; (b) the difference between the consideration paid by the Group for the entities acquired, other than the Fifth Acquired Group, from China Telecommunications Corporation, which were accounted for as equity transactions as disclosed in Note 1, and the historical carrying amount of the net assets of these acquired entities; and (c) the difference between the consolidation paid by the Group for the acquisition of non-controlling interests and the historical carrying amount of the non-controlling interests acquired.

The difference between the consideration paid by the Group and the historical carrying amount of the net assets of the Fifth Acquisition was recorded as a deduction of retained earnings.

Capital reserve of the Company represents the difference between the carrying amount of the Company’s net assets and the par value of the Company’s shares issued upon its formation.

(ii) Other reserves of the Group represent primarily the change in the fair value of available-for-sale equity securities and the deferred tax liabilities recognized due to the change in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities.

(iii) The surplus reserves consist of statutory surplus reserve and discretionary surplus reserve.

According to the Company’s Articles of Association, the Company is required to transfer 10% of its net profit, as determined in accordance with the lower of the amount determined under the PRC Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and the amount determined under IFRS, to the statutory surplus reserve until such reserve balance reaches 50% of the registered capital. The transfer to this reserve must be made before distribution of any dividend to shareholders. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the net profit of the Company determined in accordance with the PRC Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and IFRS are the same. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company transferred RMB1,686, being 10% of the year’s net profit, to this reserve. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company transferred RMB1,638, being 10% of the year’s net profit determined in accordance with the IFRS. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the amount of statutory surplus reserve was RMB26,532 and RMB28,218 respectively.

The Company did not transfer any discretionary surplus reserve for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the amount of discretionary surplus reserve was RMB46,079.

The statutory and discretionary surplus reserves are non-distributable other than in liquidation and can be used to make good of previous years’ losses, if any, and may be utilized for business expansion or converted into share capital by issuing new shares to existing shareholders in proportion to their shareholdings or by increasing the par value of the shares currently held by them, provided that the remaining statutory surplus reserve balance after such issue is not less than 25% of the registered capital.

(iv) According to the Company’s Articles of Association, the amount of retained earnings available for distribution to shareholders of the Company is the lower of the amount of the Company’s retained earnings determined in accordance with the PRC Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and the amount determined in accordance with IFRS. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the amount of retained earnings available for distribution was RMB112,631 and RMB120,270 respectively, being the amount determined in accordance with IFRS. Final dividend of approximately RMB7,518 in respect of the financial year 2017 proposed after the end of the reporting period has not been recognized as a liability in the consolidated financial statements at the end of the reporting period (Note 27).

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Operating Revenues (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Components of Operating Revenues

Operating revenues represent revenues from the provision of telecommunications services. The components of the Group’s operating revenues are as follows:

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Voice		(i	)		78,661		70,185		61,678
Internet		(ii	)		126,665		150,449		172,554
Information and application services		(iii	)		66,377		66,881		73,044
Telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment		(iv	)		17,635		17,781		19,125
Others		(v	)		42,179		47,238		39,828
					331,517		352,534		366,229

Notes:

(i) Represent the aggregate amount of voice usage fees, installation fees and interconnections fees charged to customers for the provision of telephony services.

(ii) Represent amounts charged to customers for the provision of Internet access services.

(iii) Represent primarily the aggregate amount of fees charged to customers for the provision of Internet data center service, system integration services, e-Surfing HD service, caller ID service and short messaging service and etc.

(iv) Represent primarily the aggregate amount of fees charged to customers for the provision of telecommunications network resource services and lease income from other domestic telecommunications operators and enterprise customers for the usage of the Group’s telecommunications networks and equipment.

(v) Represent primarily revenue from sale, and repair and maintenance of equipment as well as the resale of mobile services (MVNO).

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Network Operations and Support Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Network Operations and Support Expenses

				Year ended December 31,
	Note			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Operating and maintenance					46,193		48,390		55,360
Utility					12,521		13,148		12,522
Property rental and management fee		(i	)		14,115		22,327		26,926
Others					8,604		10,291		9,161
					81,433		94,156		103,969

Note:

(i) Property rental and management fee includes the fee in relation to the lease of telecommunications towers and related assets (“Tower Assets”) (hereinafter referred to as the “Tower Assets lease fee”).

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Personnel Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Personnel Expenses by Functions

Personnel expenses are attributable to the following functions:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015		2016		2017
	RMB		RMB		RMB
	(restated)		(restated)
Network operations and support		33,842		36,286		38,574
Selling, general and administrative		18,744		18,218		17,469
		52,586		54,504		56,043

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Other Operating Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Other Operating Expenses

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Interconnection charges		(i	)		12,363		11,822		12,223
Cost of goods sold		(ii	)		34,990		38,705		31,712
Donations					18		19		23
Others		(iii	)		1,534		1,740		1,654
					48,905		52,286		45,612

Notes:

(i) Interconnection charges represent amounts incurred for the use of other domestic and foreign telecommunications operators’ networks for delivery of voice and data traffic that originate from the Group’s telecommunications networks.

(ii) Cost of goods sold primarily represents cost of telecommunications equipment sold.

(iii) Others mainly include tax and surcharges other than value-added tax and income tax.

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Net Finance Costs (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Net Finance Costs

	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2016			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB
	(restated)			(restated)
Interest expense incurred		4,901			4,200			3,913
Less: Interest expense capitalized*		(327	)		(498	)		(327	)
Net interest expense		4,574			3,702			3,586
Interest income		(376	)		(354	)		(429	)
Foreign exchange losses		154			209			664
Foreign exchange gains		(79	)		(322	)		(530	)
		4,273			3,235			3,291
*  Interest expense was capitalized in construction in progress at the following rates per annum		3.5%-5.5%			4.1%-5.0%			3.9%-4.9%

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Income Tax (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Income Tax in Profit or Loss

Income tax in the profit or loss comprises:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2016		2017
	RMB			RMB		RMB
	(restated)			(restated)
Provision for PRC income tax		7,128			3,478		3,147
Provision for income tax of other tax jurisdictions		74			155		123
Deferred taxation		(650	)		2,360		2,922
		6,552			5,993		6,192

Reconciliation of Expected Tax Expense with Actual Tax Expense

A reconciliation of the expected tax expense with the actual tax expense is as follows:

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015			2016			2017
				RMB			RMB			RMB
				(restated)			(restated)
Earnings before income tax					26,698			24,116			24,953
Expected income tax expense at statutory tax rate of 25%		(i	)		6,674			6,029			6,238
Differential tax rate on PRC subsidiaries’ and branches’ income		(i	)		(400	)		(275	)		(108	)
Differential tax rate on other subsidiaries’ income		(ii	)		(25	)		(53	)		(82	)
Non-deductible expenses		(iii	)		431			485			380
Non-taxable income		(iv	)		(75	)		(105	)		(112	)
Others		(v	)		(53	)		(88	)		(124	)
Actual income tax expense					6,552			5,993			6,192

Notes:

(i) Except for certain subsidiaries and branches which are mainly taxed at a preferential rate of 15%, the provision for mainland China income tax is based on a statutory rate of 25% of the assessable income of the Company, its mainland China subsidiaries and branches as determined in accordance with the relevant income tax rules and regulations of the PRC.

(ii) Income tax provisions of the Company’s subsidiaries in Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions of the PRC, and in other countries are based on the subsidiaries’ assessable income and income tax rates applicable in the respective tax jurisdictions which range from 12% to 39%.

(iii) Amounts represent miscellaneous expenses in excess of statutory deductible limits for tax purposes.

(iv) Amounts represent miscellaneous income which are not subject to income tax.

(v) Amounts primarily represent tax deduction on prior year research and development expenses approved by tax authorities and other tax benefits.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Future Minimum Lease Payments under Non-cancellable Operating Leases

As of December 31, 2017, the Group’s future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

	RMB
2018		20,680
2019		19,563
2020		16,730
2021		6,631
2022		3,376
Thereafter		2,786
Total minimum lease payments		69,766

Capital Commitments

As of December 31, 2017, the Group had capital commitments as follows:

	RMB
Contracted for but not provided
- property		346
- telecommunications network plant and equipment		10,900
		11,246

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Financial Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Carrying Amounts and Fair Value of Long-term Debt and Payable

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the carrying amounts and fair value of the Group’s long-term debt and payable were as follows:

	December 31, 2016				December 31, 2017
	Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Long-term debt and payable		71,646		71,741		49,742		48,256

Remaining Contractual Maturities of Financial Liabilities Based on Contractual Undiscounted Cash Flows and Earliest Date of Repayment Required

The following table sets out the remaining contractual maturities at the end of the reporting period of the Group’s financial liabilities, which are based on contractual undiscounted cash flows (including interest payments computed using contractual rates or, if floating, based on prevailing rates at the end of the reporting period) and the earliest date the Group would be required to repay:

	2016
	Carrying amount		Total contractual undiscounted cash flow		Within 1 year or on demand		More than 1 year but less than 2 years		More than 2 years but less than 5 years		More than 5 years
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Short-term debt		40,780		41,425		41,425		—		—		—
Long-term debt and payable		71,646		75,126		62,307		1,187		3,601		8,031
Accounts payable, as restated		122,493		122,493		122,493		—		—		—
Accrued expenses and other payables, as restated		91,173		91,173		91,173		—		—		—
Finance lease obligations		102		112		58		20		31		3
		326,194		330,329		317,456		1,207		3,632		8,034
	2017
	Carrying amount		Total contractual undiscounted cash flow		Within 1 year or on demand		More than 1 year but less than 2 years		More than 2 years but less than 5 years		More than 5 years
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Short-term debt		54,558		55,682		55,682		—		—		—
Long-term debt		49,742		58,543		2,725		2,716		46,612		6,490
Accounts payable		119,321		119,321		119,321		—		—		—
Accrued expenses and other payables		98,695		98,695		98,695		—		—		—
Finance lease obligations		77		85		56		14		13		2
		322,393		332,326		276,479		2,730		46,625		6,492

Interest Rate Profile of Debt

The following table sets out the interest rate profile of the Group’s debt at the end of the reporting period:

	2016					2017
	Effective interest rate					Effective interest rate
	%		RMB			%		RMB
Fixed rate debt:
Short-term debt		3.3		39,854			4.0		54,042
Long-term debt		1.2		9,936			3.3		49,742
				49,790					103,784
Variable rate debt:
Short-term debt		4.2		926			4.1		516
Deferred consideration due to China Telecommunications Corporation (as defined in Note 15)		4.1		61,710					—
				62,636					516
Total debt				112,426					104,300
Fixed rate debt as a percentage of total debt				44.3	%				99.5	%

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Reconciliation of Liabilities Arising from Financing Activities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Changes in Group's Liabilities Arising from Financing Activities

The table below details changes in the Group’s liabilities arising from financing activities, including both cash and non-cash changes. Liabilities arising from financing activities are those for which cash flows were, or future cash flows will be, classified in the Group’s consolidated statements of cash flows as cash flows from financing activities.

	Short-term Debt		Long-term debt and payable			Finance lease obligations			Consideration payables in respect of the Eighth Acquisition (Note 17)		Consideration payable in respect of the acquisition of non-controlling interests (Note 17)			Dividend payable			Total
	RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB
Balance as of January 1, 2017		40,780		71,646			102			—		—			—			112,528
Financing cash flows		13,778		(22,191	)		(84	)		—		(31	)		(7,619	)		(16,147	)
New finance leases		—		—			55			—		—			—			55
Interest expenses		—		295			9			—		—			—			304
Foreign exchange gain		—		(8	)		—			—		—			—			(8	)
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group		—		—			—			87		—			—			87
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		—		—			—			—		150			—			150
Distribution to non-controlling interests		—		—			—			—		—			89			89
Dividends declared		—		—			—			—		—			7,530			7,530
Others		—		—			(5	)		—		—			—			(5	)
Balance as of December 31, 2017		54,558		49,742			77			87		119			—			104,583

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Related Party Transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Key Management Personnel Compensation

Key management personnel compensation of the Group is summarized as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015		2016		2017
	RMB		RMB		RMB
	thousands		thousands		thousands
Short-term employee benefits		9,859		9,886		7,804
Post-employment benefits		916		801		816
		10,775		10,687		8,620

China Telecom Group [member]

Principal Transactions and Amounts Due From/To Related Parties

The principal transactions with China Telecom Group which were carried out in the ordinary course of business are as follows.

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
				(restated)		(restated)
Purchases of telecommunications equipment and materials		(i	)		5,285		5,199		4,248
Sales of telecommunications equipment and materials		(i	)		2,856		2,786		3,291
Construction and engineering services		(ii	)		19,885		18,936		18,672
Provision of IT services		(iii	)		181		312		642
Receiving IT services		(iii	)		1,362		1,597		1,812
Receiving community services		(iv	)		2,860		2,871		3,028
Receiving ancillary services		(v	)		12,715		13,938		16,072
Property lease income		(vi	)		47		36		53
Property lease expenses		(vi	)		673		559		654
Net transaction amount of centralized services		(vii	)		486		523		727
Interconnection revenues		(viii	)		59		60		48
Interconnection charges		(viii	)		468		232		193
Internet applications channel services		(ix	)		368		332		344
Interest on amounts due to and loans from China Telecom Group		(x	)		4,048		2,928		2,720
Lease of CDMA network facilities		(xi	)		226		154		174
Lease of inter-provincial transmission optic fibres		(xii	)		22		16		13
Lease of land use rights		(xiii	)		13		6		3

Notes:

(i) Represent the amount of telecommunications equipment and materials purchased from/sold to China Telecom Group and commission paid and payable for procurement services provided by China Telecom Group.

(ii) Represent construction and engineering as well as design and supervisory services provided by China Telecom Group.

(iii) Represent IT services provided to and received from China Telecom Group.

(iv) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group in respect of cultural, educational, health care and other community services.

(v) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group in respect of ancillary services such as repairs and maintenance of telecommunications equipment and facilities and certain customer services.

(vi) Represent amounts of property lease fee received and receivable from/paid and payable to China Telecom Group for mutual leasing of properties.

(vii) Represent net amount shared between the Company and China Telecom Group for costs associated with centralized services. The amount represents amounts received or receivable for the net amount of centralized services.

(viii) Represent amounts received and receivable from/paid and payable to China Telecom Group for interconnection of local and domestic long distance calls.

(ix) Represent amounts received and receivable from China Telecom Group in respect of Internet applications channel services, including the provision of telecommunications channel and applications support platform and billing and deduction services, etc.

(x) Represent interest paid and payable to China Telecom Group with respect to the amounts due to China Telecom Group and loans from China Telecom Group (Note 15).

(xi) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group primarily for lease of certain CDMA mobile telecommunications network (“CDMA network”) facilities located in Xizang Autonomous Region.

(xii) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group for lease of certain inter-provincial transmission optic fibres within its service regions.

(xiii) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Telecom Group for leases of land use rights.

Amounts due from/to China Telecom Group are summarized as follows:

	December 31,
	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
	(restated)
Accounts receivable		966		1,502
Prepayments and other current assets		798		774
Total amounts due from China Telecom Group		1,764		2,276
Accounts payable		21,331		22,682
Accrued expenses and other payables		1,813		1,838
Short-term debt		5,271		19,098
Long-term debt and payable		61,710		40,000
Total amounts due to China Telecom Group		90,125		83,618

China Tower Corporation Limited [member]

Principal Transactions and Amounts Due From/To Related Parties

The principal transactions with China Tower are as follows:

				Year ended December 31,
	Notes			2015		2016		2017
				RMB		RMB		RMB
Tower Assets Disposal					30,131		—		—
Tower Assets lease fee		(i	)		2,742		11,657		15,389
Provision of IT services		(ii	)		—		12		49

Notes:

(i) Represent amounts paid and payable to China Tower for the lease of the Tower Assets.

The Company and China Tower entered into agreement on July 8, 2016 and a supplemental agreement on February 1,2018 to confirm the pricing and related arrangements in relation to the leases of the Tower Assets.

(ii) Represent IT services provided to China Tower.

Amounts due from/to China Tower are summarized as follows:

	2016		2017
	RMB		RMB
Accounts receivable		10		5
Prepayments and other current assets		2,278		2,152
Total amounts due from China Tower		2,288		2,157
Accounts payable		3,697		2,611
Accrued expenses and other payables		807		1,374
Total amounts due to China Tower		4,504		3,985

XML

Principal Subsidiaries (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Details of Subsidiaries which Principally Affected Results, Assets and Liabilities of the Group

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries which principally affected the results, assets and liabilities of the Group as of December 31, 2017 are as follows:

Name of company	Type of legal entity	Date of incorporation	Place of incorporation and operation	Registered /issued capital (in RMB millions unless otherwise stated)		Principal             activities
China Telecom System Integration Co., Limited	Limited Company	September 13, 2001	PRC		542	Provision of system integration and consulting services
China Telecom Global Limited	Limited Company	February 25, 2000	Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC		HK$168 million	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom (Americas) Corporation	Limited Company	November 22, 2001	The United States of America		US$43 million	Provision of telecommunications services
China Telecom Best Tone Information Service Co., Limited	Limited Company	August 15, 2007	PRC		350	Provision of Best Tone information services
China Telecom (Macau) Company Limited	Limited Company	October 15, 2004	Macau Special Administrative Region of the PRC		MOP60 million	Provision of telecommunications services
Tianyi Telecom Terminals Company Limited	Limited Company	July 1, 2005	PRC		500	Sales of telecommunications terminals
China Telecom (Singapore) Pte. Limited	Limited Company	October 5, 2006	Singapore		S$1,000,001	Provision of international value-added network services
E-surfing Pay Co., Ltd	Limited Company	March 3, 2011	PRC		500	Provision of e-commerce service
Shenzhen Shekou Telecommunications Company Limited	Limited Company	May 5, 1984	PRC		91	Provision of telecommunications services
China Telecom (Australia) Pty Ltd	Limited Company	January 10, 2011	Australia		AUD1 million	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom Korea Co.,Ltd	Limited Company	May 16, 2012	South Korea		KRW500 million	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom (Malaysia) SDN BHD	Limited Company	June 26, 2012	Malaysia		MYR3,723,500	Provision of international value-added network services
China Telecom Information Technology (Vietnam) Co., Ltd	Limited Company	July 9, 2012	Vietnam		VND10,500 million	Provision of international value-added network services
iMUSIC Culture & Technology Co., Ltd.	Limited Company	June 9, 2013	PRC		250	Provision of music production and related information services
China Telecom (Europe) Limited	Limited Company	March 2, 2006	The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland		GBP16.15 million	Provision of international value-added network services
Zhejiang Yixin Technology Co., Ltd.	Limited Company	August 19, 2013	PRC		11	Provision of instant messenger service
Tianyi Capital Holding Co., Ltd.	Limited Company	November 30, 2017	PRC		5,000	Capital Investment and provision of consulting services

XML

Principal Activities, Organization and Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Millions		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2017	Nov. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 25, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2013	Apr. 30, 2012	Dec. 01, 2011	Jun. 30, 2008	Jun. 30, 2007	Jun. 30, 2004	Dec. 31, 2003	Sep. 10, 2002
Chengdu E-store Technology Co., Ltd [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Percentage of equity interest disposed				100.00%
Consideration for the disposal	¥ 251	¥ 249
Anhui Telecom Company Limited, Fujian Telecom Company Limited, Jiangxi Telecom Company Limited, Guangxi Telecom Company Limited, Chongqing Telecom Company Limited and Sichuan Telecom Company Limited [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired												100.00%
Total purchase price for acquiring equity interests												¥ 46,000
Hubei Telecom Company Limited, Hunan Telecom Company Limited, Hainan Telecom Company Limited, Guizhou Telecom Company Limited, Yunnan Telecom Company Limited, Shaanxi Telecom Company Limited, Gansu Telecom Company Limited, Qinghai Telecom Company Limited, Ningxia Telecom Company Limited and Xinjiang Telecom Company Limited [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired											100.00%
Total purchase price for acquiring equity interests											¥ 27,800
China Telecom Group Beijing Corporation [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired									100.00%
Total purchase price for acquiring equity interests									¥ 5,557
Digital Trunking Business from Besttone Holding Co., Ltd., a Subsidiary of China Telecommunications Corporation [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Total purchase price for acquiring equity interests							¥ 48
China Telecom (Europe) Limited [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired						100.00%
Total purchase price for acquiring equity interests						¥ 278
E-commerce business and video media business from China Telecommunications Corporation and its subsidiaries [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Total purchase price for acquiring equity interests								¥ 61
China Telecom System Integration Co., Ltd., China Telecom Global Limited and China Telecom (Americas) Corporation [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired										100.00%
Total purchase price for acquiring equity interests										¥ 1,408
Satcom Business [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Total purchase price for acquiring equity interests			¥ 70
Shaanxi Zhonghe Hengtai Insurance Agent Limited [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired			100.00%
Total purchase price for acquiring equity interests			¥ 17
Domestic shares [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Number of shares issued on the date of incorporation													68,317
Par value per share of shares issued on the date of incorporation			¥ 1		¥ 1								¥ 1.00

XML

Principal Activities, Organization and Basis of Presentation - Analysis of Assets and Liabilities of Disposed Subsidiary (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Oct. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]	Dec. 31, 2014	[1]
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	¥ 19,410		¥ 24,617		¥ 31,869		¥ 20,436
Prepayments and other current assets	22,128		19,565
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net	406,257		389,671
Intangible assets	12,391		11,244
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other payables	98,695		¥ 91,173
Chengdu E-store Technology Co., Ltd [member]
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents		¥ 65
Accounts receivable, net		48
Prepayments and other current assets		67
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net		16
Intangible assets		3
Current liabilities
Accounts payable		29
Accrued expenses and other payables		27
Net assets disposal of	¥ 143	¥ 143

[1] restated

XML

Principal Activities, Organization and Basis of Presentation - Summary of Gain on Disposal of Subsidiary (Detail) - Chengdu E-store Technology Co., Ltd [member] - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Oct. 31, 2017
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Consideration received and receivable	¥ 251
Net assets disposed of	(143)	¥ (143)
Gain on disposal	¥ 108

XML

Principal Activities, Organization and Basis of Presentation - Summary of Net Cash Inflow from Disposal of Subsidiary (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from disposal of a subsidiary	¥ 184	¥ (50)
Chengdu E-store Technology Co., Ltd [member]
Disclosure of general information about financial statements (line items]
Consideration received in cash and cash equivalents	249
Less: Cash and cash equivalents disposed of	(65)
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from disposal of a subsidiary	¥ 184

[1] restated

XML

Principal Activities, Organization and Basis of Presentation - Summary of Consolidated Financial Statements of Group to Reflect Acquisition of Eighth Acquired Group (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015		Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of reclassifications or changes in presentation [line items]
Operating revenues	¥ 366,229	¥ 352,534	[1]	¥ 331,517	[1]
Profit for the year	18,761	18,123	[1]	20,146	[1]
Total assets	661,194	652,558	[1]
Total liabilities	334,497	336,210	[1]
Total equity	¥ 326,697	316,348	[1]	304,790	[1]	¥ 290,143	[1]
Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of reclassifications or changes in presentation [line items]
Operating revenues		352,285		331,202
Profit for the year		18,109		20,142
Total assets		652,368
Total liabilities		336,073
Total equity		316,295				290,108
Business combinations adjustment [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]
Disclosure of reclassifications or changes in presentation [line items]
Operating revenues		249		315
Profit for the year		14		¥ 4
Total assets		190
Total liabilities		137
Total equity		¥ 53				¥ 35

[1] restated

XML

Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥) Segment	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) Segment	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) Segment
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Assets held under finance leases	¥ 0	¥ 0
Estimated useful lives of software	Three to five years
Advertising and promotion expense, included in selling, general and administrative expenses	¥ 14,072,000,000	17,070,000,000	¥ 19,294,000,000
Research and development expense	¥ 1,088,000,000	¥ 825,000,000	¥ 792,000,000
Number of operating segments | Segment	1	1	1
IPTV equipment [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Estimated useful or depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment	5 years	10 years
CDN equipment [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Estimated useful or depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment	5 years	10 years
Corporate information system equipment [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Estimated useful or depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment	5 years	10 years
Terminal equipment Offered to customers for free or at a nominal amount [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Advertising and promotion expense, included in selling, general and administrative expenses	¥ 4,707,000,000	¥ 9,370,000,000	¥ 11,620,000,000
Basic telecommunications services (including voice communication, lease or sale of network resources) [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Output value added tax rate	11.00%
Value-added telecommunications services (including Internet access services, short and multimedia messaging services, transmission and application service of electronic data and information) [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Output value added tax rate	6.00%
Sales of telecommunications terminals and equipment [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Output value added tax rate	17.00%
Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Land use rights terms	20 years
Input value added tax rate	3.00%
Top of range [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Land use rights terms	70 years
Input value added tax rate	17.00%

XML

Significant Accounting Policies - Estimated Useful Life for Depreciation Purposes of Property, Plant and Equipment (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Buildings and improvements [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Estimated useful or depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment	8 to 30 years
Telecommunications network plant and equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Estimated useful or depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment	5 to 10 years
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Estimated useful or depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment	5 to 10 years

XML

Cash and Cash Equivalents - Summary of Cash and Cash Equivalents (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015	[1]	Dec. 31, 2014	[1]
Cash and cash equivalents [abstract]
Cash at bank and in hand	¥ 17,763	¥ 22,147
Time deposits with original maturity within three months	1,647	2,470
Cash and cash equivalents	¥ 19,410	¥ 24,617	[1]	¥ 31,869		¥ 20,436

[1] restated

XML

Accounts Receivable, Net - Summary of Accounts Receivable, Net (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	¥ 22,096	¥ 21,465
Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	25,938	24,867
Gross carrying amount [member] | China Telecom Group [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	1,502	966
Gross carrying amount [member] | China Tower Corporation Limited [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	5	10
Gross carrying amount [member] | Third parties [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	23,762	22,958
Gross carrying amount [member] | Other telecommunications operators in the PRC [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	669	933
Allowance for doubtful debts [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	¥ (3,842)	¥ (3,402)

[1] restated

XML

Accounts Receivable, Net - Changes in Allowance for Doubtful Debts (Detail) - Trade receivables [member] - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
At beginning of year	¥ 3,402	[1]	¥ 2,935		¥ 2,478
Impairment losses for doubtful debts	1,962		2,203		2,172
Accounts receivable written off	(1,522)		(1,736)		(1,715)
At end of year	¥ 3,842		¥ 3,402		¥ 2,935	[1]

[1] restated

XML

Accounts Receivable, Net - Ageing Analysis of Accounts Receivable from Telephone and Internet Subscribers (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	¥ 22,096	¥ 21,465	[1]
Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	25,938	24,867	[1]
Allowance for doubtful debts [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	(3,842)	(3,402)	[1]
Telephone and Internet subscribers [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	11,985	12,269
Telephone and Internet subscribers [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	14,588	14,696
Telephone and Internet subscribers [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | Current, within 1 month [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	9,323	9,993
Telephone and Internet subscribers [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | 1 to 3 months [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	2,607	2,179
Telephone and Internet subscribers [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | 4 to 12 months [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	1,780	1,763
Telephone and Internet subscribers [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | More than 12 months [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	878	761
Telephone and Internet subscribers [member] | Allowance for doubtful debts [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	¥ (2,603)	¥ (2,427)

[1] restated

XML

Accounts Receivable, Net - Ageing Analysis of Accounts Receivable from Other Telecommunications Operators and Enterprise Customers (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	¥ 22,096	¥ 21,465
Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	25,938	24,867
Allowance for doubtful debts [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	(3,842)	(3,402)
Other telecommunications operators and enterprise customers [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	10,111	9,196
Other telecommunications operators and enterprise customers [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	11,350	10,171
Other telecommunications operators and enterprise customers [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | Current, within 1 month [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	4,421	3,671
Other telecommunications operators and enterprise customers [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | 1 to 3 months [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	1,973	1,895
Other telecommunications operators and enterprise customers [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | 4 to 12 months [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	2,644	2,360
Other telecommunications operators and enterprise customers [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | More than 12 months [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	2,312	2,245
Other telecommunications operators and enterprise customers [member] | Allowance for doubtful debts [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	¥ (1,239)	¥ (975)

[1] restated

XML

Accounts Receivable, Net - Ageing Analysis of Accounts Receivable not Impaired (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	¥ 22,096	¥ 21,465
Not past due [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	19,623	19,418
Amounts past due [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	2,473	2,047
Amounts past due [member] | Current, within 1 month [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	1,518	1,180
Amounts past due [member] | 1 to 3 months [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Accounts receivable	¥ 955	¥ 867

[1] restated

XML

Inventories - Summary of Inventories (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]
Classes of current inventories [abstract]
Materials and supplies	¥ 1,071	¥ 1,200
Goods for resale	3,052	3,906
Inventories	¥ 4,123	¥ 5,106

[1] restated

XML

Prepayments and Other Current Assets - Summary of Prepayments and Other Current Assets (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]
Disclosure of detailed information about prepayments and other current assets [Line Items]
Prepayments in connection with construction work and equipment purchases	¥ 2,542	¥ 2,664
Prepaid expenses and deposits	3,486	3,784
Value-added tax recoverable	7,186	5,197
Other receivables	5,619	4,518
Prepayments and other current assets	22,128	19,565
Other telecommunications operators in the PRC [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about prepayments and other current assets [Line Items]
Amounts due from companies	369	326
China Telecom Group [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about prepayments and other current assets [Line Items]
Amounts due from companies	774	798
China Tower Corporation Limited [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about prepayments and other current assets [Line Items]
Amounts due from companies	¥ 2,152	¥ 2,278

[1] restated

XML

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net - Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	¥ 389,671
Ending balance		406,257	¥ 389,671	[1]
Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	953,459	946,387
Additions		1,525	2,479	[1]
Transferred from construction in progress		90,803	82,079	[1]
Disposals/written back on disposals		(71,364)	(77,483)	[1]
Disposal of a subsidiary		(33)	(3)	[1]
Ending balance		974,390	953,459	[1]
Gross carrying amount [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			946,323
Gross carrying amount [member] | Business combinations adjustment [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			64
Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	(563,788)	(572,383)
Depreciation and impairment charge for the year		(70,374)	(63,750)	[1]
Disposals/written back on disposals		66,012	72,343	[1]
Disposal of a subsidiary		17	2	[1]
Ending balance		(568,133)	(563,788)	[1]
Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			(572,342)
Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member] | Business combinations adjustment [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			(41)
Buildings and improvements [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance		48,491
Ending balance		46,626	48,491
Buildings and improvements [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	99,509	97,459
Additions		583	664	[1]
Transferred from construction in progress		1,967	2,053	[1]
Disposals/written back on disposals		(709)	(754)	[1]
Reclassification		(18)	87	[1]
Ending balance		101,332	99,509	[1]
Buildings and improvements [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			97,459
Buildings and improvements [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	(51,018)	(47,102)
Depreciation and impairment charge for the year		(4,326)	(4,527)	[1]
Disposals/written back on disposals		620	681	[1]
Reclassification		18	(70)	[1]
Ending balance		(54,706)	(51,018)	[1]
Buildings and improvements [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			(47,102)
Telecommunications network plant and equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance		332,919
Ending balance		351,407	332,919
Telecommunications network plant and equipment [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	823,836	819,318
Additions		532	1,335	[1]
Transferred from construction in progress		87,129	78,287	[1]
Disposals/written back on disposals		(68,719)	(74,976)	[1]
Disposal of a subsidiary		(33)
Reclassification		(272)	(128)	[1]
Ending balance		842,473	823,836	[1]
Telecommunications network plant and equipment [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			819,257
Telecommunications network plant and equipment [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | Business combinations adjustment [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			61
Telecommunications network plant and equipment [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	(490,917)	(504,054)
Depreciation and impairment charge for the year		(63,903)	(56,956)	[1]
Disposals/written back on disposals		63,553	70,010	[1]
Disposal of a subsidiary		17
Reclassification		184	83	[1]
Ending balance		(491,066)	(490,917)	[1]
Telecommunications network plant and equipment [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			(504,015)
Telecommunications network plant and equipment [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member] | Business combinations adjustment [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			(39)
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance		8,261
Ending balance		8,224	8,261
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	30,114	29,610
Additions		410	480	[1]
Transferred from construction in progress		1,707	1,739	[1]
Disposals/written back on disposals		(1,936)	(1,753)	[1]
Disposal of a subsidiary	[1]		(3)
Reclassification		290	41	[1]
Ending balance		30,585	30,114	[1]
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			29,607
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment [member] | Gross carrying amount [member] | Business combinations adjustment [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			3
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	(21,853)	(21,227)
Depreciation and impairment charge for the year		(2,145)	(2,267)	[1]
Disposals/written back on disposals		1,839	1,652	[1]
Disposal of a subsidiary	[1]		2
Reclassification		(202)	(13)	[1]
Ending balance		¥ (22,361)	(21,853)	[1]
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			(21,225)
Furniture, fixture, motor vehicles and other equipment [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member] | Business combinations adjustment [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Beginning balance			¥ (2)

[1] restated

XML

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net - Additional Information (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Depreciation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Estimated increase in depreciation expense due to effect of change in depreciable lives	¥ 4,045
IPTV equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Estimated useful or depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment	5 years	10 years
CDN equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Estimated useful or depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment	5 years	10 years
Corporate information system equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment (line items]
Estimated useful or depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment	5 years	10 years

XML

Construction in Progress - Summary of Construction in Progress (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about construction in progress [line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	¥ 389,671
Ending balance		406,257	¥ 389,671	[1]
Construction in progress [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about construction in progress [line items]
Beginning balance		80,386	69,107
Additions		88,359	97,043
Transferred to property, plant and equipment		(90,803)	(82,079)
Transferred to intangible assets		(4,836)	(3,685)
Ending balance		¥ 73,106	80,386
Construction in progress [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about construction in progress [line items]
Beginning balance			69,103
Construction in progress [member] | Business combinations adjustment [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about construction in progress [line items]
Beginning balance			¥ 4

[1] restated

XML

Goodwill - Summary of Goodwill (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of reconciliation of changes in goodwill [abstract]
Goodwill arising from acquisition of CDMA business	¥ 29,920	¥ 29,923	[1]

[1] restated

XML

Goodwill - Additional Information (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Oct. 01, 2008
Disclosure of reconciliation of changes in goodwill [line items]
Cash flow projected period considering financial budgets for the purpose of goodwill impairment testing	Five-year
Pre-tax discount rate for the purpose of goodwill impairment testing	9.80%	9.40%
Annual growth rate for the purpose of goodwill impairment testing, used for cash flows beyond the five-year period which are projected to perpetuity	1.50%
CDMA business [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of changes in goodwill [line items]
Total purchase price for acquiring equity interests			¥ 43,800
Net settlement amount of customer-related assets acquired and customer-related liabilities assumed			¥ 3,471
CDMA business [member] | China Telecom (Macau) Company Limited [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of changes in goodwill [line items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired			100.00%
CDMA business [member] | Tianyi Telecom Terminals Company Limited [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of changes in goodwill [line items]
Percentage of equity interest acquired			99.50%

XML

Intangible Assets - Summary of Intangible Assets (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [Line Items]
Beginning balance	[1]	¥ 11,244
Ending balance		12,391	¥ 11,244	[1]
Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [Line Items]
Beginning balance		29,818	26,301
Additions		175	363
Transferred from construction in progress		4,836	3,685
Disposals/Written back on disposals		(268)	(531)
Disposal of a subsidiary		(11)
Ending balance		34,550	29,818
Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [Line Items]
Beginning balance		(18,574)	(15,562)
Amortization charge for the year		(3,843)	(3,500)
Disposals/Written back on disposals		250	488
Disposal of a subsidiary		8
Ending balance		¥ (22,159)	¥ (18,574)

[1] restated

XML

Interests in Associates - Summary of Interests in Associates (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of associates [line items]
Interests in associates	¥ 35,726	¥ 34,572	[1]
Unlisted equity investments at cost [member]
Disclosure of associates [line items]
Interests in associates	36,648	36,347
Share of post-acquisition changes in net assets [member]
Disclosure of associates [line items]
Interests in associates	¥ (922)	¥ (1,775)

[1] restated

XML

Interests in Associates - Details of Principal Associates Accounted for under Equity Method (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
China Tower Corporation Limited [member]
Disclosure of associates [line items]
Attributable equity interest	27.90%	27.90%
Principal activities	Construction, maintenance and operation of telecommunications towers as well as ancillary facilities
Shanghai Information Investment Incorporation [member]
Disclosure of associates [line items]
Attributable equity interest	24.00%	24.00%
Principal activities	Provision of information technology consultancy services

XML

Interests in Associates - Summarized Financial Information of China Tower Corporation Limited and Reconciled to Carrying Amounts of Interests in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of associates [line items]
Current assets	¥ 71,550	¥ 74,134	[1]
Non-current assets	589,644	578,424	[1]
Current liabilities	275,408	319,133	[1]
Non-current liabilities	59,089	17,077	[1]
Operating revenues	366,229	352,534	[1]	¥ 331,517
Profit / (loss) for the year	18,761	18,123	[1]	20,146
Other comprehensive income for the year	(552)	25	[1]	621
Total comprehensive income for the year	18,209	18,148	[1]	¥ 20,767
Reconciled to the Group's interests in the associate
Non-controlling interests of the associate	(830)	(971)	[1]
Carrying amount of the associate in the consolidated financial statements of the Group	35,726	34,572	[1]
China Tower Corporation Limited [member]
Disclosure of associates [line items]
Current assets	30,517	39,565
Non-current assets	292,126	272,103
Current liabilities	150,438	171,568
Non-current liabilities	44,710	14,548
Operating revenues	68,665	54,474
Profit / (loss) for the year	1,943	(575)
Other comprehensive income for the year	0	0
Total comprehensive income for the year	1,943	(575)
Dividend received from the associate	0	0
Reconciled to the Group's interests in the associate
Net assets of the associate	127,495	125,552
Non-controlling interests of the associate	¥ 0	¥ 0
Group's effective interest in the associate	27.90%	27.90%
Group's share of net assets of the associate	¥ 35,571	¥ 35,029
Adjustment for the remaining balance of the deferred gain from the Tower Assets Disposal	(1,580)	(1,782)
Carrying amount of the associate in the consolidated financial statements of the Group	¥ 33,991	¥ 33,247

[1] restated

XML

Interests in Associates - Summarized Financial Information of Shanghai Information Investment Incorporation and Reconciled to Carrying Amounts of Interests in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of associates [line items]
Current assets	¥ 71,550	¥ 74,134	[1]
Non-current assets	589,644	578,424	[1]
Current liabilities	275,408	319,133	[1]
Non-current liabilities	59,089	17,077	[1]
Operating revenues	366,229	352,534	[1]	¥ 331,517
Profit for the year	18,761	18,123	[1]	20,146
Other comprehensive income for the year	(552)	25	[1]	621
Total comprehensive income for the year	18,209	18,148	[1]	¥ 20,767
Reconciled to the Group's interests in the associate
Non-controlling interests of the associate	(830)	(971)	[1]
Carrying amount of the associate in the consolidated financial statements of the Group	35,726	34,572	[1]
Shanghai Information Investment Incorporation [member]
Disclosure of associates [line items]
Current assets	7,146	6,688
Non-current assets	8,049	8,421
Current liabilities	5,835	5,754
Non-current liabilities	2,673	3,104
Operating revenues	4,313	4,222
Profit for the year	563	413
Other comprehensive income for the year	22	24
Total comprehensive income for the year	585	437
Dividend received from the associate	9	9
Reconciled to the Group's interests in the associate
Net assets of the associate	6,687	6,251
Non-controlling interests of the associate	¥ (2,004)	¥ (1,940)
Group's effective interest in the associate	24.00%	24.00%
Group's share of net assets of the associate	¥ 1,124	¥ 1,035
Carrying amount of the associate in the consolidated financial statements of the Group	¥ 1,124	¥ 1,035

[1] restated

XML

Interests in Associates - Aggregate Financial Information of Individually Immaterial Associates (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of associates [line items]
The Group's share of profit of these associates	¥ 877	¥ 91	[1]	¥ (698)
Aggregate carrying amount of these associates in the consolidated financial statements of the Group	35,726	34,572	[1]
Aggregated individually immaterial associates [member]
Disclosure of associates [line items]
The Group's share of profit of these associates	36	21
The Group's share of other comprehensive income of these associates	2
The Group's share of total comprehensive income of these associates	38	21
Aggregate carrying amount of these associates in the consolidated financial statements of the Group	¥ 611	¥ 290

[1] restated

XML

Investments - Summary of Investments (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of financial assets [abstract]
Available-for-sale listed equity securities	¥ 969	¥ 1,369
Other unlisted equity investments	185	166
Investments	¥ 1,154	¥ 1,535	[1]

[1] restated

XML

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities - Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Assets	¥ 5,479	¥ 5,061	[1]
Liabilities	(8,010)	(4,770)	[1]
Net Balance	(2,531)	291		¥ 2,594	¥ 2,107
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Assets	1,626	1,531
Net Balance	1,626	1,531		1,291	1,156
Property, plant and equipment and others [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Assets	3,782	3,410
Liabilities	(7,789)	(4,416)
Net Balance	(4,007)	(1,006)		1,569	1,015
Deferred revenues and installation costs [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Assets	71	120
Liabilities	(52)	(85)
Net Balance	19	35		60	99
Available-for-sale equity securities [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Liabilities	(169)	(269)
Net Balance	¥ (169)	¥ (269)		¥ (326)	¥ (163)

[1] restated

XML

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities - Movements in Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Beginning balance	¥ 291	¥ 2,594	¥ 2,107
Recognized in consolidated statement of comprehensive income	(2,822)	(2,303)	487
Ending balance	(2,531)	291	2,594
Provisions and impairment losses, primarily for doubtful debts [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Beginning balance	1,531	1,291	1,156
Recognized in consolidated statement of comprehensive income	95	240	135
Ending balance	1,626	1,531	1,291
Property, plant and equipment and others [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Beginning balance	(1,006)	1,569	1,015
Recognized in consolidated statement of comprehensive income	(3,001)	(2,575)	554
Ending balance	(4,007)	(1,006)	1,569
Deferred revenues and installation costs [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Beginning balance	35	60	99
Recognized in consolidated statement of comprehensive income	(16)	(25)	(39)
Ending balance	19	35	60
Available-for-sale equity securities [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Beginning balance	(269)	(326)	(163)
Recognized in consolidated statement of comprehensive income	100	57	(163)
Ending balance	¥ (169)	¥ (269)	¥ (326)

XML

Short-term and Long-term Debt and Payable - Summary of Short-term Debt (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term debt	¥ 54,558	¥ 40,780	[1]
China Telecom Group [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term debt	19,098	5,271
Loans from banks - unsecured [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term debt	16,565	16,411
Super short-term commercial papers - unsecured [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term debt	18,745	18,996
Other loans - unsecured [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Short-term debt	¥ 150	¥ 102

[1] restated

XML

Short-term and Long-term Debt and Payable - Additional Information (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Unutilized committed credit facilities amount	¥ 154,793	¥ 161,229
Short-term debt [member] | Weighted average [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	4.00%	3.30%
Short-term debt [member] | China Telecom Group [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	3.50%	3.50%
Short-term debt [member] | China Telecom Group [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate		4.10%
Loans from banks - unsecured and Other loans - unsecured [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	3.50%	3.90%
Loans from banks - unsecured and Other loans - unsecured [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	7.30%	4.40%
Super short-term commercial papers - unsecured [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	4.10%	2.30%
Super short-term commercial papers - unsecured [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	4.20%	2.90%

XML

Short-term and Long-term Debt and Payable - Summary of Long-term Debt and Payable (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 25, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	¥ 49,742		¥ 71,646
Less: Current portion	(1,146)		(62,276)	[1]
Non-current portion	48,596		9,370	[1]
China Telecom Group [member] | Renminbi denominated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable			61,710
Bank loans - unsecured [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	9,741		9,935
Bank loans - unsecured [member] | Renminbi denominated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	9,148		9,245
Bank loans - unsecured [member] | US Dollars denominated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	370		446
Bank loans - unsecured [member] | Euro denominated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	¥ 223		239
Debt instrument interest rate	2.30%
Bank loans - unsecured [member] | Other currencies denominated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable			5
Other loans - unsecured [member] | Renminbi denominated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	¥ 1		¥ 1
Other loans - unsecured [member] | China Telecom Group [member] | Renminbi denominated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	¥ 40,000
Debt instrument interest rate		3.80%
Long-term debt and payable [member] | China Telecom Group [member] | Renminbi denominated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	4.11%

[1] restated

XML

Short-term and Long-term Debt and Payable - Summary of Long-term Debt and Payable (Parenthetical) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 25, 2017
Renminbi denominated [member] | Bank loans - unsecured [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument maturity through	2036
Renminbi denominated [member] | Bank loans - unsecured [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	1.08%
Renminbi denominated [member] | Bank loans - unsecured [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	7.04%
Renminbi denominated [member] | Other loans - unsecured [member] | China Telecom Group [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate		3.80%
Renminbi denominated [member] | Other loans - unsecured [member] | China Telecom Group [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument maturity through	3 years
Renminbi denominated [member] | Other loans - unsecured [member] | China Telecom Group [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument maturity through	5 years
Renminbi denominated [member] | Long-term government loans with below-market interest rate [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	1.08%
Renminbi denominated [member] | Long-term government loans with below-market interest rate [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	1.20%
Renminbi denominated [member] | Long-term debt and payable [member] | China Telecom Group [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	4.11%
Debt instrument interest rate basis	5 basis points premium to the yield of the 5-year super AAA rated Medium Term Notes most recently published by the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors before the completion date of the Mobile Network Acquisition and will be adjusted once a year in accordance with the last yield
US Dollars denominated [member] | Bank loans - unsecured [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument maturity through	2048
US Dollars denominated [member] | Bank loans - unsecured [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	1.00%
US Dollars denominated [member] | Bank loans - unsecured [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	8.30%
Euro denominated [member] | Bank loans - unsecured [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instrument interest rate	2.30%
Debt instrument maturity through	2032

XML

Short-term and Long-term Debt and Payable - Aggregate Maturities of Long-term Debt and Payable (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	¥ 49,742	¥ 71,646
Within 1 year or on demand [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	1,146
More than 1 year but less than 2 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	1,088
More than 2 years but less than 3 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	21,044
More than 3 years but less than 4 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	983
More than 4 years but less than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	20,944
More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total long-term debt and payable	¥ 4,537

XML

Accounts Payable - Summary of Accounts Payable (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Accounts payable	¥ 119,321	¥ 122,493
China Telecom Group [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Accounts payable	22,682	21,331
China Tower Corporation Limited [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Accounts payable	2,611	3,697
Third parties [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Accounts payable	93,324	96,736
Other telecommunications operators in the PRC [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Accounts payable	¥ 704	¥ 729

[1] restated

XML

Accrued Expenses and Other Payables - Summary of Accrued Expenses and Other Payables (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Accrued expenses	¥ 24,864	¥ 21,297
Value-added tax payable	645	797
Customer deposits and receipts in advance	69,915	66,418
Accrued expenses and other payables	98,695	91,173
Other telecommunications operators in the PRC [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Amounts due to companies	59	41
China Telecom Group [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Amounts due to companies	1,838	1,813
China Tower Corporation Limited [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Amounts due to companies	¥ 1,374	¥ 807

[1] restated

XML

Accrued Expenses and Other Payables - Summary of Accrued Expenses and Other Payables (Parenthetical) (Detail) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Ending balance	¥ 104,583
Consideration Payable In Respect Of Acquisition [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Ending balance	87
Consideration Payable In Respect Of Acquisition of Non Controlling Interests [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Ending balance	¥ 119
Consideration settlement date	January 23, 2018

XML

Deferred Revenues - Summary of Deferred Revenues (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Miscellaneous liabilities [abstract]
Balance at beginning of year	¥ 3,558	¥ 2,482
- calling cards	390	753
- government grants		1,494
Increase in deferred income during period	390	2,247
- amortization of installation fees	(208)	(294)
- usage of calling cards	(384)	(625)
- amortization of government grants	(295)	(252)
Balance at end of year	3,061	3,558
- current portion			¥ 1,233	¥ 1,253	[1]
- non-current portion			1,828	2,305	[1]
Deferred revenues	¥ 3,558	¥ 2,482	¥ 3,061	¥ 3,558

[1] restated

XML

Deferred Revenues - Additional Information (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Miscellaneous liabilities [abstract]
Unamortized portion of capitalized direct costs associated with installation of wireline services	¥ 228	¥ 367

XML

Share Capital - Summary of Share Capital (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Share capital	¥ 80,932	¥ 80,932	[1]
Domestic shares [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Share capital	67,055	67,055
Overseas listed H shares [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Share capital	¥ 13,877	¥ 13,877

[1] restated

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Share Capital - Summary of Share Capital (Parenthetical) (Detail) - ¥ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 10, 2002
Domestic shares [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Number of shares registered, issued and fully paid	67,054,958,321	67,054,958,321
Par value per share	¥ 1	¥ 1	¥ 1.00
Overseas listed H shares [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Number of shares registered, issued and fully paid	13,877,410,000	13,877,410,000
Par value per share	¥ 1	¥ 1

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Reserves - Summary of Reserves (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	¥ 316,348	¥ 304,790		¥ 290,143
Total comprehensive income for the year		18,209	18,148	[1]	20,767	[1]
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		(150)			(7)
Contribution from non-controlling interests					127
Dividends		(7,530)	(6,489)		(6,160)
Ending balance		326,697	316,348	[1]	304,790	[1]
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group		(87)
Others		(4)
Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance		316,295			290,108
Ending balance			316,295
Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member] | Business combinations adjustment [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance		53			35
Ending balance			53
Capital reserve [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	17,160	17,160		17,074
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		46			(1)
Contribution from non-controlling interests					87
Ending balance		17,126	17,160	[1]	17,160	[1]
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group		(80)
Capital reserve [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance					17,064
Capital reserve [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group		(80)
Capital reserve [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member] | Business combinations adjustment [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance					10
Share premium [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	10,746	10,746		10,746
Ending balance		10,746	10,746	[1]	10,746	[1]
Share premium [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance					10,746
Surplus reserve [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	72,611	70,973		69,072
Appropriations		1,686	1,638		1,901
Ending balance		74,297	72,611	[1]	70,973	[1]
Surplus reserve [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance					69,072
Other reserves [Member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	711	876		384
Total comprehensive income for the year		(293)	(165)	[1]	492	[1]
Ending balance		414	711	[1]	876	[1]
Others		(4)
Other reserves [Member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance					384
Exchange reserve [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	(622)	(812)		(941)
Total comprehensive income for the year		(259)	190	[1]	129	[1]
Ending balance		(881)	(622)	[1]	(812)	[1]
Exchange reserve [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance					(941)
Retained earnings [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	133,839	123,948		111,951
Total comprehensive income for the year		18,617	18,018	[1]	20,058	[1]
Dividends		(7,530)	(6,489)		(6,160)
Appropriations		(1,686)	(1,638)		(1,901)
Ending balance		143,233	133,839	[1]	123,948	[1]
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group		(7)
Retained earnings [member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance					111,926
Retained earnings [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group		(7)
Retained earnings [member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member] | Business combinations adjustment [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance					25
Reserves [Member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance	[1]	234,445	222,891		208,286
Total comprehensive income for the year		18,065	18,043		20,679	[1]
Acquisition of non-controlling interests		46			(1)
Contribution from non-controlling interests					87
Dividends		(7,530)	(6,489)		(6,160)
Ending balance		244,935	¥ 234,445	[1]	222,891	[1]
Others		(4)
Reserves [Member] | Previously stated [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance					208,251
Reserves [Member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group		¥ (87)
Reserves [Member] | Satcom Business and Zhonghehengtai [member] | Business combinations adjustment [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Beginning balance					¥ 35

[1] restated

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Reserves - Summary of Reserves (Parenthetical) (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Percentage of net profit the Company is required to transfer to statutory surplus reserve		10.00%
Percentage of registered capital when the appropriation to statutory surplus reserve may cease		50.00%
Minimum percentage of statutory reserves to registered capital, after bonus share issuance, that must be maintained		25.00%
Statutory surplus reserve	¥ 28,218	¥ 28,218	¥ 26,532
Discretionary surplus reserve	46,079	46,079	46,079
Amount of retained earnings available for distribution	120,270	120,270	112,631
Final dividend for financial year 2017 proposed after the end of the reporting period, total	¥ 7,518
Statutory reserves [member]
Disclosure of reserves with in equity [line items]
Appropriations		¥ 1,686	¥ 1,638

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Operating Revenues - Components of Operating Revenues (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Revenue [abstract]
Voice	¥ 61,678	¥ 70,185		¥ 78,661
Internet	172,554	150,449		126,665
Information and application services	73,044	66,881		66,377
Telecommunications network resource services and lease of network equipment	19,125	17,781		17,635
Others	39,828	47,238		42,179
Operating revenues	¥ 366,229	¥ 352,534		¥ 331,517

[1] restated

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Network Operations and Support Expenses - Summary of Network Operations and Support Expenses (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Expenses by nature [abstract]
Operating and maintenance	¥ 55,360	¥ 48,390		¥ 46,193
Utility	12,522	13,148		12,521
Property rental and management fee	26,926	22,327		14,115
Others	9,161	10,291		8,604
Network operations and support expenses	¥ 103,969	¥ 94,156		¥ 81,433

[1] restated

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Personnel Expenses - Personnel Expenses by Functions (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of personnel expenses [line items]
Personnel expenses	¥ 56,043	¥ 54,504		¥ 52,586
Network operations and support [member]
Disclosure of personnel expenses [line items]
Personnel expenses	38,574	36,286		33,842
Selling, general and administrative [member]
Disclosure of personnel expenses [line items]
Personnel expenses	¥ 17,469	¥ 18,218		¥ 18,744

[1] restated

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Other Operating Expenses - Summary of Other Operating Expenses (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Expenses by nature [abstract]
Interconnection charges	¥ 12,223	¥ 11,822		¥ 12,363
Cost of goods sold	31,712	38,705		34,990
Donations	23	19		18
Others	1,654	1,740		1,534
Other operating expenses	¥ 45,612	¥ 52,286		¥ 48,905

[1] restated

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Net Finance Costs - Summary of Net Finance Costs (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of finance costs [Line Items]
Interest expense incurred	¥ 3,913	¥ 4,200	[1]	¥ 4,901	[1]
Less: Interest expense capitalized	(327)	(498)	[1]	(327)	[1]
Net interest expense	3,586	3,702	[1]	4,574	[1]
Interest income	(429)	(354)	[1]	(376)	[1]
Foreign exchange losses	664	209	[1]	154	[1]
Foreign exchange gains	(530)	(322)	[1]	(79)	[1]
Net finance costs	¥ 3,291	¥ 3,235	[1]	¥ 4,273	[1]
Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of finance costs [Line Items]
Capitalization rate of interest expense in construction in progress per annum	3.90%	4.10%		3.50%
Top of range [member]
Disclosure of finance costs [Line Items]
Capitalization rate of interest expense in construction in progress per annum	4.90%	5.00%		5.50%

[1] restated

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Income Tax - Summary of Income Tax in Profit or Loss (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of income tax expense and deferred taxes [line items]
Deferred taxation	¥ 2,922	¥ 2,360		¥ (650)
Actual income tax expense	6,192	5,993		6,552
PRC [member]
Disclosure of income tax expense and deferred taxes [line items]
Provision for income	3,147	3,478		7,128
Other jurisdictions [member]
Disclosure of income tax expense and deferred taxes [line items]
Provision for income	¥ 123	¥ 155		¥ 74

[1] restated

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Income Tax - Reconciliation of Expected Tax Expense with Actual Tax Expense (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Reconciliation of average effective tax rate and applicable tax rate [abstract]
Earnings before income tax	¥ 24,953	¥ 24,116		¥ 26,698
Expected income tax expense at statutory tax rate of 25%	6,238	6,029		6,674
Differential tax rate on PRC subsidiaries' and branches' income	(108)	(275)		(400)
Differential tax rate on other subsidiaries' income	(82)	(53)		(25)
Non-deductible expenses	380	485		431
Non-taxable income	(112)	(105)		(75)
Others	(124)	(88)		(53)
Actual income tax expense	¥ 6,192	¥ 5,993		¥ 6,552

[1] restated

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Income Tax - Reconciliation of Expected Tax Expense with Actual Tax Expense (Parenthetical) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of reconciliation of average effective tax rate and applicable tax rate [line items]
Income tax rate	25.00%	25.00%		25.00%
Preferential income tax rate	15.00%
CHINA (member)
Disclosure of reconciliation of average effective tax rate and applicable tax rate [line items]
Income tax rate	25.00%
Other jurisdictions [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of average effective tax rate and applicable tax rate [line items]
Income tax rate	12.00%
Other jurisdictions [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of average effective tax rate and applicable tax rate [line items]
Income tax rate	39.00%

[1] restated

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Dividends - Additional Information (Detail) ¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares	Jul. 21, 2017 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares	Jul. 21, 2017 $ / shares	Jul. 15, 2016 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares	Jul. 15, 2016 $ / shares
Disclosure of Dividends [abstract]
Final dividend for financial year 2017 proposed after the end of the reporting period, per share | $ / shares		$ 0.115
Final dividend for financial year 2017 proposed after the end of the reporting period, total	¥ 7,518
Dividends paid, per share | (per share)			¥ 0.093043	$ 0.105000	¥ 0.080182	$ 0.095000
Dividends paid, total			¥ 7,530		¥ 6,489

XML

Basic Earnings Per Share - Additional Information (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Earnings per share [abstract]
Profit attributable to equity holders of the Company	¥ 18,617	¥ 18,018		¥ 20,058
Number of shares	80,932,368,321	80,932,368,321		80,932,368,321

[1] restated

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Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Lease Payments under Non-cancellable Operating Leases (Detail) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases	¥ 69,766
Within 1 year or on demand [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases	20,680
More than 1 year but less than 2 years [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases	19,563
More than 2 years but less than 3 years [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases	16,730
More than 3 years but less than 4 years [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases	6,631
More than 4 years but less than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases	3,376
More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases	¥ 2,786

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Material income and expense [abstract]
Rental expense related to operating leases	¥ 25,493	¥ 21,240	¥ 10,329

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Capital Commitments (Detail) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)
Disclosure of commitments [line items]
Capital commitments	¥ 11,246
Property [member]
Disclosure of commitments [line items]
Capital commitments, Contracted for but not provided, property, plant and equipment	346
Telecommunications network plant and equipment [member]
Disclosure of commitments [line items]
Capital commitments, Contracted for but not provided, property, plant and equipment	¥ 10,900

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Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥) Customer	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Fair value of available-for-sale listed equity securities are categorized as level 1 financial instruments	¥ 969,000,000	¥ 1,369,000,000
Transfers among instruments between levels of fair value	¥ 0
Number of customers contributing more than 10% of revenues | Customer	0
Percentage of cash and cash equivalents denominated in Renminbi	81.60%	81.80%
Percentage of short-term and long-term debt and payable denominated in Renminbi	99.40%	99.40%
Interest rate risk [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Increase of basis points in interest rate	1.00%	1.00%
Interest rate risk [member] | Profit and loss [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Estimated decrease in profit/retained earnings due to increase in interest rate	¥ (4,000,000)	¥ (470,000,000)
Interest rate risk [member] | Retained earnings [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Estimated decrease in profit/retained earnings due to increase in interest rate	¥ (4,000,000)	¥ (470,000,000)
Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Interest rates used by the Group in estimating the fair values of long-term debt and payable	1.00%	1.00%
Minimum period for managing liquidity risk	3 months
Top of range [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Interest rates used by the Group in estimating the fair values of long-term debt and payable	4.90%	4.90%
Minimum period for managing liquidity risk	6 months

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Financial Instruments - Carrying Amounts and Fair Value of Long-term Debt and Payable (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Carrying amount	¥ 322,393	¥ 326,194
Long-term debt and payable [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Carrying amount	49,742	71,646
Fair value	¥ 48,256	¥ 71,741

XML

Financial Instruments - Remaining Contractual Maturities of Financial Liabilities Based on Contractual Undiscounted Cash Flows and Earliest Date of Repayment Required (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of maturity analysis for non-derivative financial liabilities [line items]
Short-term debt, carrying amount	¥ 54,558	¥ 40,780	[1]
Long-term debt and payable, carrying amount	49,742	71,646
Accounts payable, carrying amount	119,321	122,493	[1]
Accrued expenses and other payables, carrying amount	98,695	91,173	[1]
Finance lease obligations, carrying amount	77	102
Financial liabilities, carrying amount	322,393	326,194
Short-term debt, contractual undiscounted cash flow	55,682	41,425
Long-term debt and payable, contractual undiscounted cash flow	58,543	75,126
Accounts payable, contractual undiscounted cash flow	119,321	122,493
Accrued expenses and other payables, contractual undiscounted cash flow	98,695	91,173	[1]
Finance lease obligations, contractual undiscounted cash flow	85	112
Financial liabilities, contractual undiscounted cash flow	332,326	330,329
Within 1 year or on demand [member]
Disclosure of maturity analysis for non-derivative financial liabilities [line items]
Long-term debt and payable, carrying amount	1,146
Short-term debt, contractual undiscounted cash flow	55,682	41,425
Long-term debt and payable, contractual undiscounted cash flow	2,725	62,307
Accounts payable, contractual undiscounted cash flow	119,321	122,493
Accrued expenses and other payables, contractual undiscounted cash flow	98,695	91,173	[1]
Finance lease obligations, contractual undiscounted cash flow	56	58
Financial liabilities, contractual undiscounted cash flow	276,479	317,456
More than 1 year but less than 2 years [member]
Disclosure of maturity analysis for non-derivative financial liabilities [line items]
Long-term debt and payable, carrying amount	1,088
Long-term debt and payable, contractual undiscounted cash flow	2,716	1,187
Finance lease obligations, contractual undiscounted cash flow	14	20
Financial liabilities, contractual undiscounted cash flow	2,730	1,207
More than 2 years but less than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of maturity analysis for non-derivative financial liabilities [line items]
Long-term debt and payable, contractual undiscounted cash flow	46,612	3,601
Finance lease obligations, contractual undiscounted cash flow	13	31
Financial liabilities, contractual undiscounted cash flow	46,625	3,632
More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of maturity analysis for non-derivative financial liabilities [line items]
Long-term debt and payable, carrying amount	4,537
Long-term debt and payable, contractual undiscounted cash flow	6,490	8,031
Finance lease obligations, contractual undiscounted cash flow	2	3
Financial liabilities, contractual undiscounted cash flow	¥ 6,492	¥ 8,034

[1] restated

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Financial Instruments - Interest Rate Profile of Debt (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of financial instruments by type of interest rate [line items]
Short-term debt	¥ 54,558	¥ 40,780	[1]
Long-term debt	49,742	71,646
Debt	¥ 104,300	¥ 112,426
Fixed rate debt as a percentage of total debt	99.50%	44.30%
Fixed rate debt [member]
Disclosure of financial instruments by type of interest rate [line items]
Short-term debt	¥ 54,042	¥ 39,854
Long-term debt	49,742	9,936
Debt	¥ 103,784	¥ 49,790
Fixed rate debt [member] | Short-term debt [member]
Disclosure of financial instruments by type of interest rate [line items]
Effective interest rate	4.00%	3.30%
Fixed rate debt [member] | Long-term debt [member]
Disclosure of financial instruments by type of interest rate [line items]
Effective interest rate	3.30%	1.20%
Variable rate debt [member]
Disclosure of financial instruments by type of interest rate [line items]
Short-term debt	¥ 516	¥ 926
Long-term debt		61,710
Debt	¥ 516	¥ 62,636
Variable rate debt [member] | Short-term debt [member]
Disclosure of financial instruments by type of interest rate [line items]
Effective interest rate	4.10%	4.20%
Variable rate debt [member] | Deferred consideration due to China Telecommunications Corporation [member]
Disclosure of financial instruments by type of interest rate [line items]
Effective interest rate		4.10%

[1] restated

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Capital Management - Additional Information (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of objectives, policies and processes for managing capital [abstract]
Total debt-to-total assets ratio	15.80%	17.20%

XML

Reconciliation of Liabilities Arising from Financing Activities - Summary of Changes in Group's Liabilities Arising from Financing Activities (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities [line Items]
Beginning balance	¥ 112,528
Financing cash flows	(16,147)
New finance leases	55
Interest expenses	304
Foreign exchange gain	(8)
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group	87
Acquisition of non-controlling interests	150		¥ 7
Distribution to non-controlling interests	89	¥ 86	¥ 80
Dividends declared	7,530
Others	(5)
Ending balance	104,583	112,528
Short-term Debt [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities [line Items]
Beginning balance	40,780
Financing cash flows	13,778
Ending balance	54,558	40,780
Long-term debt and payable [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities [line Items]
Beginning balance	71,646
Financing cash flows	(22,191)
Interest expenses	295
Foreign exchange gain	(8)
Ending balance	49,742	71,646
Finance Lease Obligation [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities [line Items]
Beginning balance	102
Financing cash flows	(84)
New finance leases	55
Interest expenses	9
Others	(5)
Ending balance	77	¥ 102
Consideration Payable In Respect Of Acquisition [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities [line Items]
Acquisition of the Eighth Acquired Group	87
Ending balance	87
Consideration Payable In Respect Of Acquisition of Non Controlling Interests [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities [line Items]
Financing cash flows	(31)
Acquisition of non-controlling interests	150
Ending balance	119
Dividend Payable [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities [line Items]
Financing cash flows	(7,619)
Distribution to non-controlling interests	89
Dividends declared	¥ 7,530

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Related Party Transactions - Principal Transactions and Amounts Due From/To China Telecom Group (Detail) - China Telecom Group [member] - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [Line Items]
Purchases of telecommunications equipment and materials	¥ 4,248	¥ 5,199		¥ 5,285
Sales of telecommunications equipment and materials	3,291	2,786		2,856
Construction and engineering services	18,672	18,936		19,885
Provision of IT services	642	312		181
Receiving IT services	1,812	1,597		1,362
Receiving community services	3,028	2,871		2,860
Receiving ancillary services	16,072	13,938		12,715
Property lease income	53	36		47
Property lease expenses	654	559		673
Net transaction amount of centralized services	727	523		486
Interconnection revenues	48	60		59
Interconnection charges	193	232		468
Internet applications channel services	344	332		368
Interest on amounts due to and loans from China Telecom Group	2,720	2,928		4,048
Lease of CDMA network facilities	174	154		226
Lease of inter-provincial transmission optic fibres	13	16		22
Lease of land use rights	3	6		¥ 13
Accounts receivable	1,502	966
Prepayments and other current assets	774	798
Total amounts due from China Telecom Group	2,276	1,764
Accounts payable	22,682	21,331
Accrued expenses and other payables	1,838	1,813
Short-term debt	19,098	5,271
Long-term debt and payable	40,000	61,710
Total amounts due to China Telecom Group	¥ 83,618	¥ 90,125

[1] restated

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Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Detail) - CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
China Telecom Group [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [Line Items]
Allowance for doubtful debts	¥ 0	¥ 0
China Tower Corporation Limited [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [Line Items]
Allowance for doubtful debts	¥ 0	¥ 0

XML

Related Party Transactions - Principal Transactions and Amounts Due From/To China Tower (Detail) - China Tower Corporation Limited [member] - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [Line Items]
Tower Assets Disposal			¥ 30,131
Tower Assets lease fee	¥ 15,389	¥ 11,657	¥ 2,742
Provision of IT services	49	12
Accounts receivable	5	10
Prepayments and other current assets	2,152	2,278
Total amounts due from China Tower	2,157	2,288
Accounts payable	2,611	3,697
Accrued expenses and other payables	1,374	807
Total amounts due to China Telecom Group	¥ 3,985	¥ 4,504

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Related Party Transactions - Key Management Personnel Compensation (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [abstract]
Short-term employee benefits	¥ 7,804	¥ 9,886	¥ 9,859
Post-employment benefits	816	801	916
Key management personnel compensation	¥ 8,620	¥ 10,687	¥ 10,775

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Post-employment Benefits Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [Line Items]
Contribution to post-employment benefit plans	¥ 6,884	¥ 6,656	¥ 6,590
Amount payable for contributions to defined contribution retirement plans	¥ 569	¥ 597
Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [Line Items]
Contributions to the retirement plans, percentage of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of the employees	13.00%
Top of range [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [Line Items]
Contributions to the retirement plans, percentage of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of the employees	20.00%

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Stock Appreciation Rights - Additional Information (Detail) - Stock appreciation rights [member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2012 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Nov. 30, 2016	Nov. 30, 2015	Nov. 30, 2014
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [Line Items]
Stock appreciation right units to eligible employees, number of units approved for granting			916,700,000
Stock appreciation right units to eligible employees, exercise price | $ / shares			$ 4.76
Stock appreciation right units to eligible employees, maximum percentage exercisable					100.00%	66.70%	33.30%
Number of stock appreciation right units exercised	0	0
Compensation expense	¥ (152,000,000)	¥ (102,000,000)
Liability arising from stock appreciation rights	¥ 0			¥ 0

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Principal Subsidiaries - Details of Subsidiaries which Principally Affected Results, Assets and Liabilities of the Group (Detail) £ in Thousands, ₫ in Millions, ₩ in Millions, ¥ in Millions, MOP$ in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 HKD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 VND (₫)	Dec. 31, 2017 MYR (RM)	Dec. 31, 2017 KRW (₩)	Dec. 31, 2017 AUD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 MOP (MOP$)	Dec. 31, 2017 GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	[1]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Registered/issued capital	¥ 80,932										¥ 80,932
China Telecom System Integration Co., Limited [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	China Telecom System Integration Co., Limited
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Sep. 13, 2001
Place of incorporation and operation	PRC
Principal activities	Provision of system integration and consulting services
Registered/issued capital	¥ 542
China Telecom Global Limited [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	China Telecom Global Limited
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Feb. 25, 2000
Place of incorporation and operation	Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC
Principal activities	Provision of international value-added network services
Registered/issued capital | $		$ 168
China Telecom (Americas) Corporation [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	China Telecom (Americas) Corporation
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Nov. 22, 2001
Place of incorporation and operation	The United States of America
Principal activities	Provision of telecommunications services
Registered/issued capital | $			$ 43
China Telecom Best Tone Information Service Co., Limited [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	China Telecom Best Tone Information Service Co., Limited
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Aug. 15, 2007
Place of incorporation and operation	PRC
Principal activities	Provision of Best Tone information services
Registered/issued capital	¥ 350
China Telecom (Macau) Company Limited [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	China Telecom (Macau) Company Limited
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Oct. 15, 2004
Place of incorporation and operation	Macau Special Administrative Region of the PRC
Principal activities	Provision of telecommunications services
Registered/issued capital | MOP$									MOP$ 60
Tianyi Telecom Terminals Company Limited [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	Tianyi Telecom Terminals Company Limited
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Jul. 01, 2005
Place of incorporation and operation	PRC
Principal activities	Sales of telecommunications terminals
Registered/issued capital	¥ 500
China Telecom (Singapore) Pte. Limited [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	China Telecom (Singapore) Pte. Limited
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Oct. 05, 2006
Place of incorporation and operation	Singapore
Principal activities	Provision of international value-added network services
Registered/issued capital | $								$ 1,000,001
E-surfing Pay Co., Ltd [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	E-surfing Pay Co., Ltd
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Mar. 03, 2011
Place of incorporation and operation	PRC
Principal activities	Provision of e-commerce service
Registered/issued capital	¥ 500
Shenzhen Shekou Telecommunications Company Limited [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	Shenzhen Shekou Telecommunications Company Limited
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	May 05, 1984
Place of incorporation and operation	PRC
Principal activities	Provision of telecommunications services
Registered/issued capital	¥ 91
China Telecom (Australia) Pty Ltd [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	China Telecom (Australia) Pty Ltd
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Jan. 10, 2011
Place of incorporation and operation	Australia
Principal activities	Provision of international value-added network services
Registered/issued capital | $							$ 1
China Telecom Korea Co., Ltd [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	China Telecom Korea Co.,Ltd
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	May 16, 2012
Place of incorporation and operation	South Korea
Principal activities	Provision of international value-added network services
Registered/issued capital | ₩						₩ 500
China Telecom (Malaysia) SDN BHD [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	China Telecom (Malaysia) SDN BHD
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Jun. 26, 2012
Place of incorporation and operation	Malaysia
Principal activities	Provision of international value-added network services
Registered/issued capital | RM					RM 3,723,500
China Telecom Information Technology (Vietnam) Co., Ltd [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	China Telecom Information Technology (Vietnam) Co., Ltd
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Jun. 09, 2012
Place of incorporation and operation	Vietnam
Principal activities	Provision of international value-added network services
Registered/issued capital | ₫				₫ 10,500
iMUSIC Culture & Technology Co., Ltd. [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	iMUSIC Culture & Technology Co., Ltd.
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Jun. 09, 2013
Place of incorporation and operation	PRC
Principal activities	Provision of music production and related information services
Registered/issued capital	¥ 250
China Telecom (Europe) Limited [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	China Telecom (Europe) Limited
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Mar. 02, 2006
Place of incorporation and operation	The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Principal activities	Provision of international value-added network services
Registered/issued capital | £										£ 16,150
Zhejiang Yixin Technology Co., Ltd. [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	Zhejiang Yixin Technology Co., Ltd.
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Aug. 19, 2013
Place of incorporation and operation	PRC
Principal activities	Provision of instant messenger service
Registered/issued capital	¥ 11
Tianyi Capital Holding Co., Ltd. [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Name of company	Tianyi Capital Holding Co., Ltd.
Type of legal entity	Limited Company
Date of incorporation	Nov. 30, 2017
Place of incorporation and operation	PRC
Principal activities	Capital Investment and provision of consulting services
Registered/issued capital	¥ 5,000

[1] restated

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Principal Subsidiaries - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Shenzhen Shekou Telecommunications Company Limited [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Percentage owned by the company	51.00%
Zhejiang Yixin Technology Co., Ltd. [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line Items]
Percentage owned by the company	65.00%

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Accounting Estimates and Judgments - Additional Information (Detail) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of changes in accounting estimates [Line Items]
Provision for impairment loss for long-lived assets	¥ 10	¥ 62	[1]	¥ 51
China Tower Corporation Limited [member]
Disclosure of changes in accounting estimates [Line Items]
Current lease term		5 years

[1] restated

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Possible Impact of Amendments , New Standards and Interpretations Issued but Not Yet Effective for the Annual Accounting Period Ended December 31, 2017 - Additional Information (Detail) - Retained earnings [member] ¥ in Millions	Jan. 01, 2018 CNY (¥)
Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure of expected impact of initial application of new standards or interpretations [line items]
Cumulative effect adjustment of changes recognized in beginning of retained earnings	¥ 3,500
Top of range [member]
Disclosure of expected impact of initial application of new standards or interpretations [line items]
Cumulative effect adjustment of changes recognized in beginning of retained earnings	¥ 4,000