POWER OF ATTORNEY

For Executing Forms 3, 4 and 5

Know all by these present,  that the undersigned  hereby constitutes and
appoints each Gifford R. Zimmerman,  Larry W. Martin, Kevin J. McCarthy
and Mary E. Keefe, his/her true and lawful attorney-in-fact to:

(1)     execute for and on behalf of the  undersigned  Forms 3, 4 and 5 (and
        any amendments  thereto) in connection with the Nuveen Investments
	Closed-End Exchange Traded Funds and in accordance with the
	requirements of Section 16(a) of the Securities  Exchange Act of 1934
	and Section 30(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules
	thereunder;

(2)     do and  perform  any and all acts for and on behalf of the
        undersigned  which may be necessary or desirable in connection
        with the execution and timely filing of any such Form 3, 4 and 5
        (and any amendment thereto) with the United States Securities and
        Exchange Commission, the New York Stock Exchange and any other
        authority; and

(3)     take any other  action of any type  whatsoever  in  connection
        with the  foregoing which, in the opinion of such attorney-in-fact,
        may be of benefit to, in the best interest of, or legally required by,
        the undersigned,  it being understood  that the documents executed
        by such  attorney-in-fact  on behalf of the  undersigned pursuant to
        this Power of Attorney  shall be in such form and shall contain such
        terms and  conditions as such  attorney-in-fact  may approve in
        his/her discretion.

The  undersigned  hereby grants to each such  attorney-in-fact  full power and
authority to do and perform each and every act and thing whatsoever requisite,
necessary and proper to be done in the exercise of any of the rights and
powers herein granted, as fully to all intents and purposes as such
attorney-in-fact might or could do if personally present, with the full power
of substitute, by virtue of this power of attorney and the rights and powers
herein granted. The undersigned acknowledges that the foregoing attorneys-in
-fact,in serving in such capacity at the request of the undersigned, are not
assuming any of the undersigned's responsibilities to comply with Section 16
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(f) of the Investment
Company Act of 1940.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Power of Attorney to be
executed as of this 15th day of November 2007.


         /s/ Stephen D. Foy
Signature

          Stephen D. Foy
  Print Name

STATE OF ILLINOIS                   )
                                    )
COUNTY OF COOK                      )


On this 15th day of November 2007, personally  appeared before me,a Notary
Public in and for said County and State, the person named above who is known
to me to be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing
Power of Attorney and who acknowledged the same to be his voluntary act and
deed for the intent and purposes therein set forth.



/s/ Jose A. Visaya
Notary Public
My Commission Expires: 5-15-2009