EX-3.2 3 dex32.htm BYLAWS OF COMMERCIAL CAPITAL BANCORP, INC., AS AMENDED. Bylaws of Commercial Capital Bancorp, Inc., as amended.

 

EXHIBIT 3.2

 

AMENDED BYLAWS

 

COMMERCIAL CAPITAL BANCORP, INC.

(a Nevada corporation)

 

ARTICLE I

 

Offices

 

Section 1.1    Registered Office.  The registered office of the corporation shall be located at 318 North Carson Street, Suite 208, Carson, Nevada 89701.

 

Section 1.2    Other Office.  The corporation may also have offices within and without the State of Nevada as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.

 

Section 1.3    Principal Executive Office.  The principal executive office of the corporation is hereby fixed and located at One Venture, Suite 300, Irvine, California 92618. The board of directors is hereby granted full power and authority to change said principal executive office from one location to another, subject to all regulatory approvals. Any such change shall be noted on the Bylaws by the Secretary, opposite this section, or this section may be amended to state the new location.

 

ARTICLE II

 

Meetings of Shareholders

 

Section 2.1    Place of Meetings.  All annual or other meetings of shareholders shall be held at such place within or without the State of Nevada which may be designed either by the board of directors or by the written consent of all persons entitled to vote thereat and not present at the meeting, given either before or after the meeting and filed with the Secretary of the corporation.

 

Section 2.2    Annual Meetings.  The annual meetings of shareholders shall be held on the 3rd Wednesday of each April at 10:00 a.m., local time, provided, however, that should said day fall upon a legal holiday, then any such annual meeting of shareholders shall be held at the same time and place on the next day thereafter ensuing which is a full business day; provided further, that the board of directors may, by resolution adopted prior to the date fixed herein for an annual meeting, change the time and date for any annual meeting of the shareholders to, any day which is not a legal holiday and is not more than 15 months after the date of the preceding annual meeting of shareholders. At such meetings, directors shall be elected, reports of the affairs of the corporation shall be considered, and any other business may be transacted which is within the powers of the shareholders.


 

Written notice of each annual meeting shall be given to each shareholder entitled to vote, either personally or by first class mail or other means of written communication, charges prepaid, addressed to such shareholder at his address appearing on the books of the corporation or given by him to the corporation for the purpose of notice. If any notice or report addressed to the shareholder at the address of such shareholder appearing on the books of the corporation is returned to the corporation by the United States Postal Service marked to indicate that the United States Postal Service is unable to deliver the notice or report to the shareholder at such address, all future notices or reports shall be deemed to have been duly given without further mailing if the same shall be available for the shareholder upon written demand of the shareholder at of the principal executive office of the corporation for a period of one year from the date of the giving of the notice or report to all other shareholders. If a shareholder gives no address, notice shall be deemed to have been given him if sent by mail or other means of written communication addressed to the place where the principal executive office of the corporation is situated, or if published at least once in some newspaper of general circulation in the county in which said principal executive office is located.

 

All such notices shall be given to each shareholder entitled thereto not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days before each annual meeting. Any such notice shall be deemed to have been given at the time when delivered personally or deposited in the mail or sent by other means of written communication. An affidavit of mailing of any such notice in accordance with the foregoing provisions, executed, by the Secretary, Assistant Secretary or any transfer agent of the corporation shall be prima facie evidence of the giving of the notice.

 

Such notices shall specify:

 

(a)    the place, the date, and the hour of such meeting;

 

(b)    those matters which the board, at the time of the mailing of the notice, intends to present for action by the shareholders;

 

(c)    if directors are to be elected, the names of nominees intended at the time of the notice to be presented by management for election;

 

(d)    the general nature of a proposal, if any, to take action with respect to approval of, (i) a contract or other transaction with an interested director, (ii) amendment of the articles of incorporation (iii) a reorganization of the corporation (iv) voluntary dilution of the corporation, or (v) a distribution in dissolution other than in accordance with the rights of outstanding preferred shares, if any; and

 

(e)    such other matters, if any, as may be expressly required by statute.

 

Any information contained in a proxy statement sent with such notice or “other” soliciting material sent with the notice shall be deemed to be a part of the notice.

 

Section 2.3    Special Meeting.  Special Meetings of the shareholders, for the purpose of taking any action permitted by the shareholders under the Nevada Revised Statutes and the Articles of Incorporation of this corporation, may be called at any time by the board of directors pursuant to a resolution approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors


then in office, or by the Chairman of the Board or by the President. Except in special cases where other express provision is made by statute, notice of such special meetings shall be given in the same manner as for annual meetings of shareholders.

 

Section 2.4    Quorum.  The presence in person or by proxy of the persons entitled to vote a majority of the voting shares at any meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The shareholders present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to do business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum, if any action taken (other than adjournment) is approved by at least a majority of the shares required to constitute a quorum.

 

Section 2.5    Adjourned Meeting and Notice Thereof.  Any shareholders’ meeting, annual or special, whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned from time to time by the vote of a majority of the shares, the holders of which are either present in person or represented by proxy thereat, but in the absence of a quorum no other business may be transacted at such meeting, except as provided in Section 2.4 below.

 

When any shareholders’ meeting, either annual or special, is adjourned for forty-five days or more, or if after adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the-adjourned meeting shall be given as in the case of an original meeting. Except as provided above, it shall not be necessary to give any notice of the time and place of the adjourned meeting or of the business to be transacted thereat, other than by announcement of the time and place thereof at the meeting at which such adjournment is taken.

 

Section 2.6    Voting.  Unless a record date for voting purposes be fixed as provided in Section 5.1 of Article V of these Bylaws, then, subject to the provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes (relating to voting of shares held by a fiduciary, in the name of a corporation, or in joint ownership), only persons in whose names shares entitled to vote stand on the stock records of the corporation at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which notice of the meeting is given or if such notice is waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which the meeting of shareholders is held, shall be entitled to vote at such meeting, and such day shall be the record date for such meeting. Such vote may be oral or by ballot; provided, however, that all elections for directors must be by ballot upon demand made by a shareholder at any election and before the voting begins. If a quorum is present, except with respect to election of directors, the affirmative vote of the majority of the shares represented at the meeting and entitled to vote on any matter shall be the act of the shareholders, unless the vote of a greater number or voting by classes is required by the Nevada Revised Statutes, or the Articles of Incorporation.

 

Section 2.7    Validation of Defectively Called or Noticed Meeting.  The transactions of any meeting of shareholders, either annual or special, however called and noticed, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum be present either in person or by proxy, and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the persons entitled to vote, not present in person or by proxy, or who, though present, has, at the beginning of the meeting, properly objected to the transaction of any business because the meeting was not lawfully called or convened, or to particular matters of business legally required to be included in the notice, but not so included, signs a waiver of notice, or a consent to the holding of such


meeting, or an approval of the minutes thereof. The waiver of notice or consent need not specify either the business to be transacted or the purpose of any annual or special meeting of shareholders, except that if action is taken or proposed to be taken for approval of any of those matters specified in Section 2.2(d) of Article 11, the waiver of notice or consent shall state the general nature of the proposal. All such waivers, consents or approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.

 

Attendance by a person at a meeting shall also constitute a waiver of notice of that meeting, except when the person objects, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened, and except that attendance at a meeting is not a waiver of any right to object to the consideration of matters not included in the notice of the meeting if that objection is expressly made at the meeting.

 

Section 2.8    Action Without Meeting.  [Reserved.]

 

Section 2.9    Proxies.  Every person entitled to vote shall have the right to do so either in person or by one or more agents authorized by a written proxy executed by such person or his duly authorized agent and filed with the Secretary of the corporation. Any proxy duly executed is not revoked and continues in full force and effect until, (i) an instrument revoking it or a duly executed proxy, bearing a later date is filed with the Secretary of the corporation prior to the vote pursuant thereto, (ii) the person executing the proxy attends the meeting and votes in person or (iii) written notice of the death or incapacity of the maker of such proxy is received by the corporation before the vote pursuant thereto is counted; provided, that no such proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven (11) months from the date of its execution, unless the person executing it specifics therein the length of time for which such proxy is to continue in force; provided further, that an irrevocable proxy satisfying the requirements of the Nevada Revised Statutes shall not be revoked except in accordance with its terms or if it becomes revocable under the provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes.

 

Section 2.10    Inspectors of Election.  In advance of any meeting of shareholders, the board of directors may appoint any persons as inspectors of election to act at such meeting or any adjournment thereof. If inspectors of election be not so appointed, the chairman of any such meeting may, and on the request of any shareholder or his proxy shall, make such appointment the meeting. The number of inspectors shall be either one (1) or three (3). If appointed at a meeting on the request of one or more shareholders or proxies, the majority of shares represented in person or by proxy shall determine whether one (1) or three (3) inspectors are to be appointed. In case any person appointed as inspector fails to appear or fails or refuses to act, the vacancy may, and on the request of any shareholder or a shareholder’s proxy shall, be filled by appointment by the board of directors in advance of the meeting, or at the meeting by the chairman of the meeting.

 

The duties of such inspectors shall include: determining the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the authenticity, validity and effect of proxies; receiving votes, ballots or consents; hearing and determining all challenges and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote; counting and tabulating all votes or consents; determining when the polls shall close; determining the result; and such acts as may be proper to conduct the election or vote with


fairness to all shareholders. In the determination of the validity and effect of proxies, the dates contained on the forms of proxy shall presumptively determine the order of execution of the proxies, regardless of the postmark dates on the envelopes in which they are mailed. In making their determinations, the inspectors may consider whether proxies were solicited in accordance with applicable provisions of law.

 

The inspectors of election shall perform their duties impartially, in good faith, to the best of their ability and as expeditiously as is practical. If there are three inspectors of election, the decision, act or certificate of a majority is effective in all respects as the decision, act or certificate of all. Any report or certificate made by the inspectors of election is prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

 

Section 2.11    Nomination of Directors.  Nominations for election of members of the board of directors may be made by the board of directors or by any shareholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors. Notice of intention to make any nominations (other than for persons named in the notice of the meeting at which such nomination is to be made) shall be made in writing and shall be delivered or mailed to the Chairman/Chief Executive Officer or the Vice Chairman/President of the corporation not later than 120 days prior to the annual anniversary date of the mailing of the proxy materials by the corporation in connection with the immediately preceding annual meeting of the shareholders of the corporation. Such proposal shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder: (a) the name and address of each proposed nominee; (b) the principal occupation of each proposed nominee; (c) the number of shares of capital stock of the corporation owned by each proposed nominee; (d) the name and residence address of the notifying shareholder, (e) the number of shares of capital stock of the corporation owned by the notifying shareholder; (f) with the written consent of the proposed nominee, a copy of which shall be furnished with the notification, whether the proposed nominee has ever been convicted of or pleaded nolo contendere to any criminal offense involving dishonesty or breach of trust, filed a petition in bankruptcy, or been adjudged bankrupt. The notice shall be signed by the nominating shareholder and by the nominee. Nominations not made in accordance herewith shall be disregarded by the chairman of the meeting, and upon his instructions, the inspectors of election shall disregard all votes cast for each such nominee.

 

Section 2.12    Proposals.  At an annual meeting of the shareholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be (a) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (b) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a shareholder. For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder, the shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than 120 days prior to the annual anniversary date of the mailing of the proxy materials by the corporation in connection with the immediately preceding annual meeting of the shareholders of the corporation. Such proposal shall contain the following information: (a) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting; (b) the name and residence address of the notifying shareholder; (c) the number of shares of capital stock of the corporation owned by the notifying shareholder; and (d) any material interest of the


shareholder in such business. The notice shall be signed by the proposing shareholder. Proposals not made in accordance herewith shall be disregarded by the chairman of the meeting, and upon his instruction, the inspectors of election shall disregard all votes cast for such proposal.

 

ARTICLE III

 

Directors

 

Section 3.1    Powers.  Subject to limitations of the Articles of Incorporation and of the Nevada Revised Statutes as to action to be authorized or approved by the shareholders, and subject to the duties of directors as prescribed by the Bylaws, all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the authority of, and the business and affairs of the corporation shall be controlled by, the board of directors. Without prejudice to such general powers, but subject to the same limitations, it is hereby expressly declared that the directors shall have the following powers, to wit:

 

First - To select and remove all the officers, agents and employees of the corporation, prescribe such powers and duties for them as may not be inconsistent with law, with the Articles of Incorporation or the Bylaws, fix their compensation and require from them security for faithful service.

 

Second - To conduct, manage and control the affairs and business of the corporation, and to make such rules and regulations therefor not inconsistent with law, or with the articles of incorporation or the Bylaws, as they may deem best.

 

Third - To change the principal executive office and principal office for the transaction of the business of the corporation from one location to another as provided in Article I, Section 1.3, hereof; to fix and locate from time to time one or more subsidiary offices of the corporation within or without the State of Nevada, as provided in Article I, Section 1.2, hereof; to designate anyplace within or without the State of Nevada for the holding of any shareholders’ meeting or meetings; and to adopt, make and use a corporate seal, and to prescribe the forms of certificates of stock, and to alter the form of such seal and of such certificates from time to time, as in their judgment they may deem best, provided such seal and such certificates shall at all times comply with the provisions of law.

 

Fourth - To authorize the issuance of shares of stock of the corporation from time to time, upon such terms as may be lawful.

 

Fifth - To borrow money and incur indebtedness for the purposes of the corporation and to cause to be executed and delivered therefor, in the corporate name, promissory notes, bonds, debentures, deeds of trust, mortgages, pledges, hypothecations or other evidence of debt and securities therefor.

 

Sixth - By resolution adopted by a majority of the authorized number of directors, to designate executive and other committees, each consisting of two or more directors, to serve at


the pleasure of the board, and to prescribe the manner in which proceedings of such committees shall be conducted. Unless the board of directors shall otherwise prescribe the manner of proceedings of any such committees, meetings of such committees may be regularly scheduled in advance and may be called at any time by the chairman or any two members thereof; unless the board of directors otherwise prescribes, the other provisions of these Bylaws with respect to notice and conduct of meetings of the board shall govern. Any such committee, to the extent provided in a resolution of the board, shall have all of the authority of the board, except with respect to:

 

(i)    the approval of any action for which the Nevada Revised Statutes or the Articles of Incorporation also requires shareholder approval;

 

(ii)    the filling of vacancies on the board or in any committee;

 

(iii)    the fixing of compensation of the directors for serving on the board or on any committee;

 

(iv)    the adoption, amendment or repeal of the board;

 

(v)    the amendment or repeal of any resolution or bylaw;

 

(vi)    any distribution to the shareholders, except at a rate or in a periodic amount or within a price range determined by the board;

 

(vii)    the appointment of other committees of the board or the members thereof; and

 

(viii)    taking any action which requires approval of a specified number or portion of the directors under any provision of law or regulation or the Articles of Incorporation.

 

Section 3.2    Number and Qualification of Directors.  The authorized number of directors of the corporation shall be not less than five (5) nor more than fifteen (15). The exact number of directors shall be fixed, from time to time, within the limits specified in this Section 3.2, (i) by a resolution duly adopted by the board of directors, or (ii) by a bylaw or amendment thereof duly adopted by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote.

 

Subject to the foregoing provisions for changing the number of directors, the number of directors of this corporation has been fixed at seven (7).

 

Section 3.3    Election and Term of Office.  In the event that the authorized number of directors shall be fixed at (9) or more, the board of directors shall be divided into three classes: Class I, Class II and Class III, each consisting of a number of directors as nearly as practicable to one-third of the total number of directors. Directors in Class I shall initially serve for a term expiring at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held in 2004. Directors in Class II shall initially serve for a term expiring at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held in 2005.


Directors in Class III shall initially serve for a term expiring at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held in 2003. Thereafter, each director shall serve for a term ending at the third annual meeting following the annual meeting at which such director was elected. In the event that the authorized number of directors shall be fixed with at least six (6), but less than nine (9), the board of directors shall be divided into two classes, designated Class I and Class II, each consisting of one-half of the directors or as close an approximation as possible. At each annual meeting, each of the successors to the directors of the class whose term shall have expired at such annual meeting shall be elected for a term running until the second annual meeting next succeeding his or her election and until his or her successor shall have been duly elected. The foregoing notwithstanding, each director shall serve until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, unless such director shall resign, die, become disqualified or disable, or shall otherwise be removed.

 

At each annual election, the directors chosen to succeed those whose terms then expire shall be identified as being of the same class as the directors they succeed, unless, by reason of any intervening changes in the authorized number of directors, the board of directors shall designate one or more directorships whose term then expires as directorships of another class in order to more nearly achieve equality in the number of directors among the classes. When the board of directors fills a vacancy resulting from the resignation, death, disqualification or removal of a director, the director chosen to fill that vacancy shall be of the same class as the director he or she succeeds, unless, by reason of any previous changes in the authorized number of directors, the board of directors shall designate the vacant directorship as a directorship of another class in order to more nearly achieve equality in the number of directors among the classes.

 

Notwithstanding the rule that the classes shall be as nearly equal in number of directors as possible, in the event of any change in the authorized number of directors, each director then continuing to serve as such will nevertheless continue as a director of the class of which he or she is a member, until the expiration of his or her current term, or until such director’s earlier resignation, death, disqualification or removal. If any newly created directorship or vacancy on the board of directors, consistent with the rule that the three classes shall be as nearly as equal in number of directors as possible, may be allocated to one or more classes, the board of directors shall allocate it to that of the available class whose term of office is due to expire at the earlier date following such allocation.

 

The election of directors shall not be by cumulative voting. At each election of directors, each shareholder entitled to vote may vote all the shares held by that shareholder for each of several nominees for director up to the number of directors to be elected. The shareholder may not cast more votes for any single nominee than the number of shares by the shareholder.

 

Section 3.4    Vacancies.  A vacancy in the board of directors shall be deemed to exist (i) in case of the death, resignation or removal of any director, (ii) if a director has been declared of unsound mind by order of court or convicted of a felony, (iii) if the authorized number of directors be increased, or (iv) if the shareholders fail, at any annual or special meeting of shareholders at which any director or directors are elected, to elect the full authorized number of directors to be voted for at that meeting.


 

The number of directors of the corporation shall be such number, as shall be provided from time to time in the Bylaws; provided, however, that no decrease in the number of directors shall have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent director, and provided further, that no action shall be taken to decrease or increase the number of directors within the range stated in the Bylaws unless at least two-thirds of the directors then in office shall concur in said action. Vacancies in the board of directors of corporation, however caused, and newly created directorship shall be filled by a vote of two-thirds of the directors then in office, whether or not a quorum, and any director so chosen shall hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders at which the term of the class to which the director has been chosen expires and when the director’s successor is elected and qualified.

 

Any director may resign effective upon giving written notice to the chairman of the board, the president, the secretary or the board of directors of the corporation, unless the notice specifics a later time for the effectiveness of such resignation. If the board of directors accepts the resignation of a director tendered to take effect at a future time, the board or the shareholders shall have power to elect a successor to take office when the resignation is to become effective, as provided in the previous paragraph.

 

No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director prior to the expiration of his term of office.

 

Section 3.5    Place of Meeting.  Regular meetings of the board of directors shall be held at any place within or without the State of Nevada which has ban designated from time to time by resolution of the board or by written consent of all members of the board. In the absence of such designation regular meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the corporation. Special meetings of the board may be held either at a place so designated, within or without the State of Nevada, or at the principal executive office.

 

Section 3.6    Organization Meeting.  Immediately following each annual meeting of shareholders, the board of directors shall hold a regular meeting at the place of said annual meeting or at such other place as shall be fixed by the board of directors, for the purpose of organization, election of officers, and the transaction of other business. Call and notice of such meetings are hereby dispensed with.

 

Section 3.7    Other Regular Meetings.  Other regular meetings of the board of directors shall be held without call on the 3rd Wednesday of each month, at 9:00 a.m. (unless another date and time is fixed by the board); provided, however, should said day fall upon a legal holiday, then said meeting shall be held at the same time on the next day thereafter ensuing which, is a full business day. Notice of all such regular meetings of the board of directors is hereby dispensed with.

 

Section 3.8    Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the board of directors for any purpose or purposes shall be called at any time by the chairman of the board, the president, or by any two directors.

 

Written notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered personally to each director or communicated to each director orally, by telephone, or by


telegraph or mail, charges prepaid, addressed to him at his address as it is shown upon the records of the corporation or, if it is not so shown on such records or is not readily ascertainable, at the place at which the meetings of the directors are regularly held. In case such notice is mailed or telegraphed, it shall be deposited in the United States mail or delivered to the telegraph company in the place in which the principal executive office of the corporation is located at least forty-eight hours prior to the time of the holding of the meeting. In case such notice is delivered personally or by telephone, as above provided, it shall be so delivered at least twenty-four hours prior to the time of the holding of the meeting. Such mailing, telegraphing or delivery, personally, orally or by telephone, as above provided, shall be due, legal and personal notice to such director.

 

Any notice shall state the date, place and hour of the meeting and may state the general nature of the business to be transacted, and other business may be transacted at the meeting.

 

Section 3.9    Action Without Meeting.  Any action by the board of directors may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board shall individually or collectively consent in writing to such action. Such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the board and shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of such directors.

 

Section 3.10    Action at a Meeting: Quorum and Required Vote.  Presence of a majority of the authorized number directors at a meeting of the board of directors constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business, except as hereinafter provided, or as provided in the Articles of Incorporation or Statute. Members of the board may participate in a meeting through use of conference telephone or similar communications equipment, so long as all members participating in such meeting can hear one another. Participation in a meeting as permitted in the preceding sentence constitutes presence in person at such meeting. Except as provided in the Articles of Incorporation, Statute or Bylaws, every act or decision done or made by a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the board of directors, unless a greater number, or the same number after disqualifying one or more directors from voting, is required by law, by the Articles of Incorporation, or by these Bylaws. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of director, provided that any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for such meeting.

 

Section 3.11    Validation of Defectively Called or Noticed Meeting.  The transactions of any meeting of the board of directors, however called and noticed or wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum is present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present or who, though present, has prior to the meeting or at its commencement, protested the lack of proper notice to him, (i) signs a written waiver of notice or a consent to holding such meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof, or (ii) waives notice and withdraws his objection. All such waivers, consents or approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.


 

Attendance of a director at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, unless a director attends for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called, noticed, or convened, provided, however, if after stating his objection, the objecting director continues to attend and by his attendance participates in any matters other than those to which he objected, he shall be deemed to have waived notice of such meeting and withdrawn his objections.

 

Section 3.12    Adjournment.  A majority of the directors present at any director’s meeting, either regular or special, may adjourn from time to time until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of the board.

 

Section 3.13    Notice of Adjournment.  If the meeting is adjourned for more than 24 hours, notice of any adjournment to another time or place must be given prior to the time of the adjourned meeting to the directors who were not present at the time of adjournment. Otherwise notice of the time and place of holding an adjourned meeting need not be given to absent directors if the time and place be fixed at the meeting adjourned.

 

Section 3.14    Fees and Compensation.  Directors and members of committees may receive such compensation, if any, for their services, and such reimbursement for expenses, as may be fixed or determined by resolution of the board.

 

Sectioin 3.15    Indemnification of Agents of the Corporation: Purchase of Liability Insurance.

 

(a)    The corporation shall, to the maximum extent and in the manner permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Nevada (the “Code”), indemnify each of its directors against expenses, judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding, arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the corporation. For purposes of this Section 3.15 a “director” of the corporation includes any person (i) who is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (ii) who was director of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation.

 

(b)    The corporation shall have the power, to the extent and in the manner permitted by the Code, to indemnify each of its officers, employees and agents against expenses, judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding, arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was an officer, employee or agent of the corporation. For purpose of this Section 3.15, an “officer”, “employee” or “agent” of the corporation includes any person (i) who is or was an officer, employee, or agent of the corporation, (ii) who is or was serving at the request of the corporation as an officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (iii) who was an officer, employee or agent of the corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation.


 

(c)    Expenses incurred in defending any civil or criminal action or proceeding for which indemnification is required pursuant to Section 3.15 shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the indemnified party to repay such amount if it shall ultimately Be determined that the indemnification party is not entitled to be indemnified as authorized in this Section 3.15. Expenses incurred in defending any civil or criminal action or proceeding for which indemnification is permitted pursuant to Section 3.15 may be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the indemnified party to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that the indemnified party is not entitled to be indemnified as authorized in this Section 3.15.

 

(d)    The indemnification provided by this Section 3.15 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in an official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, to the extent that such additional rights to indemnification are authorized in the Articles of Incorporation.

 

(e)    The corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was an agent of the corporation against any liability asserted against or incurred by such person in such capacity or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Section 3.15.

 

(f)    No indemnification or advance shall be made under this Section 3.15, except where such indemnification or advance is mandated by law or the order, judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction, in any circumstance where it appears:

 

(1)    That it would be inconsistent with a provision of the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws, a resolution of the shareholders or an agreement in effect at the time of the accrual of the alleged cause of the action asserted in the proceeding in which the expenses were incurred or other amounts were paid, which prohibits or otherwise limits indemnification; or

 

(2)    That it would be inconsistent with any condition expressly imposed by a court in approving a settlement.

 

ARTICLE IV

 

Officers

 

Section 4.1    Officers.  The officers of the corporation shall be a chairman of the board and chief executive officer; a vice chairman and president; an executive vice president and treasurer, an executive vice president and chief financial officer; and a secretary. The corporation may also have, at the discretion of the board of directors, one or more additional vice presidents, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section. 4.3 of this Article IV.


One person may hold two or more offices, except that the offices of chief executive officer and secretary shall not be held by the same person.

 

Section 4.2    Election.  The officers of the corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.3 or Section 4.5 of this Article, shall be chosen annually by the board of directors, and each shall hold his office until he shall resign or shall be removed or otherwise disqualified to serve, or his successor shall be elected and qualified.

 

Section 4.3    Subordinate Officers, Etc.  The board of directors may appoint, and may empower the chairman of the board/chief executive officer to appoint, such other officers as the business of the corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office, for such period, have such authority and perform such duties as are provided in the Bylaws or as the board of directors may from time to time determine.

 

Section 4.4    Removal and Resignation.  Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by the board of directors, at any regular or special meeting thereof or, except in case of an officer chosen by the board of directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the board of directors (subject, in each case, to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment).

 

Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the board of directors or to the chairman of the board, or to the secretary of the corporation, without prejudice however, to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract to which such officer is a party. Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

 

Section 4.5    Vacancies.  A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the manner prescribed in the Bylaws for regular appointments to such office.

 

Section 4.6    Chairman of the Board/Chief Executive Officer.  The chairman of the board shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and shall, subject to the control of the board of directors, have general supervision, direction and control of the business and officers of the corporation. He shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and at all meetings of the board of directors. He shall be ex-officio a member of all the standing committees (except the audit committee), including the executive committee, if any, and shall have the general powers, and duties of management usually vested in the office of chief executive officer of a corporation, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or the Bylaws. He shall also exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may be from time to time assigned to him by the board of directors or prescribed by the Bylaws.

 

Section 4.7    Vice Chairman and President.  The president shall act as the chief executive officer of the corporation during any times the chairman and chief executive officer is


unavailable to so serve. He shall also exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may be from time to time assigned to him by the board of directors or prescribed by the Bylaws.

 

Section 4.8    Vice President.  In the absence or disability of the chairman of the board and the president, the vice presidents in order of their rank as fixed by the board of directors or, if not ranked, the vice president designated by the board of directors, shall perform all the duties of the chairman and the president, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the chairman and the president. The vice presidents shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the board of directors or the Bylaws.

 

Section 4.9    Secretary.  The secretary shall record or cause to be recorded, and shall keep or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office and such other place as the board of directors may order, a book of minutes of actions taken at all meetings of directors and shareholders, with the time and place of holding, whether regular or special, and, if special, how authorized, the notice thereof given, the names of those present at director’s meetings, the number of shares present or represented at shareholder’s meetings, and the proceedings thereof.

 

The secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office or at the office of the corporation’s transfer agent, a share register, or a duplicate share register, showing the names of the shareholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each, the number and date of certificates issued for the same, and the number and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.

 

The secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all the meetings of the shareholders and of the board of directors required by the Bylaws or by law to be given, and he shall keep the seal of the corporation in safe custody, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or by the Bylaws.

 

Section 4.10    Chief Financial Officer.  The chief financial officer shall be the chief financial officer of the corporation and shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and correct accounts of the properties and business transactions of the corporation, including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital, surplus and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection by any director.

 

The chief financial officer shall cause all moneys and other valuables to be deposited in the name and to the credit of the corporation with such depositories as may be designated by the board of directors. He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors, shall render to the chairman, the president and directors, whenever they request it, an account of all of his transactions as chief financial officer and of the financial condition of the corporation, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or the Bylaws.


 

ARTICLE V

 

Miscellaneous

 

Section 5.1    Record Date.  The board of directors may fix a time in the future as a record date for the determination of the shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting of shareholders or entitled to give consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, to receive any report, to receive any dividend or distribution, or any allotment of rights, or to exercise rights in respect to any change, conversion, or exchange of shares. The record date so fixed shall be not more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days prior to the date of any meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any meeting or any other event for the purpose of which it is fixed. When a record date is so fixed, only shareholders of record on that date are entitled to notice of and to vote at any such meeting, to give consent without a meeting, to receive any report, to receive a dividend, distribution, or allotment of rights, or to exercise the rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the books of the corporation after the record date, except as otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws.

 

Section 5.2    Inspection of Corporate Records.  The accounting books and records, the record of shareholders, and minutes of proceedings of the shareholders and the board and committees of the board of this corporation and any subsidiary of this corporation shall be open to inspection upon the written demand on the corporation of any shareholder or holder of a voting trust certificate at any reasonable time during usual business hours, for a purpose reasonably related to such holder’s interests as a shareholder or as the holder of such voting trust certificate. Such inspection by a shareholder or holder of a voting trust certificate may be made in person or by agent or attorney, and the right of inspection includes the right to copy and make extracts.

 

Section 5.3    Checks, Drafts, Etc.  All checks, drafts or other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, issued in the name of or payable to the corporation, shall be signed or endorsed by such person or persons and in such manner as, from time to time, shall be determined by resolution of the board of directors.

 

Section 5.4    Annual and Other Reports.  The board of directors of the corporation shall cause an annual report to be sent to the shareholders not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal or calendar year. The requirement for such annual report is dispensed with so long as this corporation has less than 100 shareholders of record. Such report shall contain a balance sheet as of the end of such fiscal year and an income statement and statement of changes in financial position for such fiscal year, accompanied by any report thereon of independent accountants or, if there is no such report, the certificate of an authorized officer of the corporation that such statements were prepared without audit from the books and records of the corporation.

 

The corporation shall, upon the written request of any shareholder, mail to the shareholder a copy of the last annual income statement which it has prepared and a balance sheet as of the end of the period. The quarterly income statements and balance sheets referred to in this section shall be accompanied by the report thereon, if any, of any independent accountants engaged by the corporation or the certificate of an authorized officer of the corporation that such financial statements were prepared without audit from the books and records of the corporation.


 

Section 5.5    Contracts, Etc., How Executed.  The board of directors, except as in the Bylaws otherwise provided, may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances; and, unless so authorized by the board of directors, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or to any amount.

 

Section 5.6    Certificate for Shares.  Every holder of shares in the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed in the name of the corporation by the chairman or vice chairman of the board or the president or a vice president and by the chief financial officer or the secretary or any assistant secretary, certifying the number of shares and the class or series of shares owned by the shareholder. Any of the signatures on the certificate may be facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if such person were an officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

 

Any such certificate shall also contain such legend or other statement as may be required under the Nevada Revised Statutes, the federal securities laws, and any agreement between the corporation and the issuee thereof.

 

No new certificate for shares shall be issued in lieu of an old certificate unless the latter is surrendered and cancelled at the same time; provided, however, that a new certificate will be issued without the surrender and cancellation of the old certificate if (1) the old certificate is lost, apparently destroyed or wrongfully taken; (2) the request for the issuance of the new certificate is made within a reasonable time after the owner of the old certificate has notice of its loss, destruction, or theft; (3) the request for the issuance of a new certificate is made prior to the receipt of notice by the corporation that the old certificate has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser; (4) the owner of the old certificate files a sufficient indemnity bond with or provides other adequate security to the corporation; and (5) the owner satisfies any other reasonable requirements imposed by the corporation. In the event of the issuance of a new certificate, the rights and liabilities of the corporation, and of the holders of the old and new certificates, shall be governed by the provisions of the Nevada Commercial Code.

 

Sectioin 5.7    Representation of Shares of Other Corporation.  The chairman of the board, the president or any executive vice president, and the secretary or any assistant secretary of this corporation, are authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of this corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The authority herein granted to said officers to vote or represent on behalf of this corporation any and all shares held by this corporation any other corporation or corporations may be exercised either by such officers in person or by any other person authorized so to do by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by said officers.

 

Section 5.8    Inspection of Bylaws.  The corporation shall keep in its principal executive office in California, the original or a copy of the Bylaws as amended or otherwise


altered to date, certified by the secretary, which shall be open to inspection by the shareholders at all reasonable times during office hours.

 

Section 5.9    Construction and Definitions.  Unless the context otherwise requires, the general provisions, rules of construction and definitions contained in the Nevada General Corporation Law shall govern the construction of these Bylaws. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the masculine gender includes the feminine and neuter, the singular number includes the plural and the plural number includes the singular, and the term “person” includes a corporation as well as a natural person.

 

ARTICLE VI

 

Amendments

 

Section 6.1    Power of Shareholders.  Except as provided in the Articles of Incorporation, Statute, or these Bylaws, new Bylaws may be adopted or these Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, or by the written assent of shareholders entitled to vote such shares, except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation.

 

Section 6.2    Power of Directors.  Subject to the right of shareholders as provided in Section 6.1 of this Article VI to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws, Bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the board of directors provided, however, that the board of directors may adopt a bylaw or amendment thereof changing the authorized number of directors only for the purpose of fixing the exact number of directors within the limits specified in the articles of incorporation or in Section 3.2 of Article III of these Bylaws.