Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is a market-based measurement that reflects assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. GAAP discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). These valuation techniques are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions.

As the basis for evaluating such inputs, a three-tier value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:


•	Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•

Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar or identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.


•	Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities which are measured at fair values on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, (in thousands):



	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2018
Assets:
Repurchase agreements	$	581,293	$	—	$	581,293	$	—
Money market	50,644		—		50,644		—
Certificates of deposit	22,412		—		22,412		—
Foreign exchange contracts	68,814		21		68,793		—
Total assets	$	723,163	$	21	$	723,141	$	—
Cash collateral for foreign exchange contracts	$	9,644	$	—	$	—	$	—
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	72,125	$	—	$	72,125
Total liabilities	$	72,125	$	—	$	72,125
Cash collateral obligation for foreign exchange contracts	$	73,140	$	—	$	—	$	—

December 31, 2017
Assets:
Repurchase agreements	$	420,838	$	—	$	420,838	$	—
Money market	50,423		—		50,423		—
Certificates of deposit	7,417		—		7,417		—
Foreign exchange contracts	39,045		10		39,035		—
Total assets	$	517,723	$	10	$	517,713	$	—
Cash collateral for foreign exchange contracts	$	12,540	$	—	$	—	$	—
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	26,888	$	67	$	26,821	$	—
Total liabilities	$	26,888	$	67	$	26,821	$	—
Cash collateral obligation for foreign exchange contracts	$	10,882	$	—	$	—	$	—

The Company has highly-liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, with original maturities of 90 days or less, included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company utilizes Level 2 fair value determinations derived from directly or indirectly observable (market based) information to determine the fair value of these highly liquid investments. The Company has certain cash and cash equivalents that are invested on an overnight basis in repurchase agreements, money markets and certificates of deposit. The value of overnight repurchase agreements is determined based upon the quoted market prices for the treasury securities associated with the repurchase agreements. The value of money market instruments is the net asset value, as these instruments are not tradeable and must be settled directly by us with the respective financial institution. Certificates of deposit are valued at cost, plus interest accrued. Given the short-term nature of these instruments, the carrying value approximates fair value. Foreign exchange derivative contracts are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The fair value of the Company's derivatives are derived with reference to a valuation from a derivatives dealer operating in an active market. The fair value represents the net settlement if the contracts were terminated as of the reporting date. Cash collateral received for foreign exchange derivatives is recorded within customer deposits in our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2018. Cash collateral paid for foreign exchange derivatives is recorded within restricted cash in our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2018.

The level within the fair value hierarchy and the measurement technique are reviewed quarterly. Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred at the end of the quarter. There were no transfers between fair value levels during the periods presented for 2018 and 2017.

The Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and are evaluated with periodic testing for impairment include property, plant and equipment, investments, goodwill and other intangible assets. Estimates of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations are generally developed using key inputs such as management’s projections of cash flows on a held-and-used basis (if applicable), discounted as appropriate, management’s projections of cash flows upon disposition and discount rates. Accordingly, these fair value measurements are in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company regularly reviews its investments for declines in fair value below cost basis and during the third quarter of 2018, determined that the fair value of its investment in Qui was impaired as a result of a decline in operating results and difficulty in obtaining financing. The Company concluded that this decline in fair value was below cost and recorded a $7.1 million impairment loss in investment loss.

On September 30, 2017, the Company entered into an amended Masternaut Group Holdings Limited ("Masternaut") investment agreement that resulted in the loss of significant influence, and the Company began accounting for the Masternaut investment by applying the cost method. The Company determined that the carrying value of its investment exceeded its fair value, and concluded that this decline in value was other than temporary during the third quarter of 2017. The Company recorded a $44.6 million impairment loss in the Masternaut investment that includes adjustment for $31.4 million of currency losses previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, in the year ended December 31, 2017, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company determined that the performance improvement initiatives in its investment in Masternaut were taking longer to and were more challenging to implement than originally projected, based on revised cash flow projections provided by the business. As a result, the Company recorded a $36.1 million non-cash impairment charge in its Masternaut investment for 2016.

The fair value of the Company’s cash, accounts receivable, securitized accounts receivable and related facility, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, customer deposits and short-term borrowings approximate their respective carrying values due to the short-term maturities of the instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s debt obligations approximates fair value as the interest rates on the debt are variable market based interest rates that reset on a quarterly basis. These are each Level 2 fair value measurements, except for cash, which is a Level 1 fair value measurement.