Fair Value Measurements

Fair value represents the estimated price at which an orderly transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability would take place between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., an exit price concept), and is a market-based measurement versus an entity-specific measurement.

The Company records and/or discloses financial instruments on a fair value basis. These financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:


•	Level 1 – quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that a company has the ability to access at the measurement date


•	Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly


•	Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity

In instances where the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels, the level within which the entire fair value measurement will be categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. This assessment of the significance of an input requires management judgment.

Recurring basis fair value measurements:

The following table presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods presented.



(in thousands)			Fair Value Measurements Using
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2019
U.S. government agency securities	$	16,490	$	—	$	16,490	$	—
State, county and municipals	147,786		—		147,786		—
Mortgage-backed securities	171,877		—		171,877		—
Corporate debt securities	83,147		—		80,317		2,830
Securities AFS	$	419,300	$	—	$	416,470	$	2,830
Other investments (equity securities)	$	4,080	$	4,080	$	—	$	—
December 31, 2018
U.S. government agency securities	$	21,649	$	—	$	21,649	$	—
State, county and municipals	160,526		—		160,460		66
Mortgage-backed securities	131,644		—		131,644		—
Corporate debt securities	86,325		—		77,901		8,424
Securities AFS	$	400,144	$	—	$	391,654	$	8,490
Other investments (equity securities)	$	2,650	$	2,650	$	—	$	—

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used by the Company for the securities AFS and equity securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, noted in the tables above. Where quoted market prices on securities exchanges are available, the investments are classified as Level 1. Level 1 investments primarily include exchange-traded equity securities. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is generally determined using prices obtained from independent pricing vendors who use pricing models (with typical inputs including benchmark yields, reported trades for similar securities, issuer spreads or relationship to other benchmark quoted securities), or discounted cash flows, and are classified as Level 2. Examples of these investments include U.S. government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, obligations of state, county and municipals, and certain corporate debt securities. Finally, in certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the estimated fair value, investments are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. Examples of these include private municipal bonds and corporate debt securities, which include trust preferred security investments. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, it was determined that carrying value was the best approximation of fair value for these Level 3 securities, based primarily on the internal analysis on these securities.

The following table presents the changes in the Level 3 securities AFS measured at fair value on a recurring basis.



(in thousands)	Nine Months Ended			Year Ended
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements:	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Balance at beginning of year	$	8,490		$	9,151
Paydowns/Sales/Settlements	(5,660		)	(661		)
Balance at end of period	$	2,830		$	8,490

Nonrecurring basis fair value measurements:

The following table presents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, aggregated by level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall.



(in thousands)			Fair Value Measurements Using
Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2019
Impaired loans	$	12,311	$	—	$	—	$	12,311
Other real estate owned (“OREO”)	1,325		—		—		1,325
MSR asset	6,960		—		—		6,960
December 31, 2018
Impaired loans	$	9,939	$	—	$	—	$	9,939
OREO	420		—		—		420
MSR asset	6,347		—		—		6,347

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used by the Company for the items noted in the table above. For individually evaluated impaired loans, the amount of impairment is based upon the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans, or the estimated liquidity of the note. For OREO, the fair value is based upon the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral adjusted for the expected costs to sell. To estimate the fair value of the MSR asset, the underlying serviced loan pools are stratified by interest rate tranche and term of the loan, and a valuation model is used to calculate the present value of the expected future cash flows for each stratum. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as costs to service, a discount rate, ancillary income, default rates and losses, and prepayment speeds. Although some of these assumptions are based on observable market data, other assumptions are based on unobservable estimates of what market participants would use to measure fair value.

Financial instruments:

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are shown below.



September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	143,969	$	143,969	$	143,969	$	—	$	—
Certificates of deposit in other banks	5,395		5,390		—		5,390		—
Securities AFS	419,300		419,300		—		416,470		2,830
Other investments, including equity securities	20,697		20,697		4,080		13,259		3,358
Loans held for sale	10,564		10,710		—		10,710		—
Loans, net	2,229,311		2,244,410		—		—		2,244,410
BOLI	71,796		71,796		71,796		—		—
MSR asset	4,945		6,960		—		—		6,960
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	2,584,447	$	2,584,662	$	—	$	—	$	2,584,662
Long-term borrowings	57,495		56,679		—		15,135		41,544



December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	249,526	$	249,526	$	249,526	$	—	$	—
Certificates of deposit in other banks	993		993		—		993		—
Securities AFS	400,144		400,144		—		391,654		8,490
Other investments, including equity securities	17,997		17,997		2,650		13,189		2,158
Loans held for sale	1,639		1,662		—		1,662		—
Loans, net	2,153,028		2,139,322		—		—		2,139,322
BOLI	66,310		66,310		66,310		—		—
MSR asset	3,749		6,347		—		—		6,347
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	2,614,138	$	2,614,995	$	—	$	—	$	2,614,995
Long-term borrowings	77,305		75,923		—		34,907		41,016

The carrying value of certain assets and liabilities such as cash and cash equivalents, BOLI, and nonmaturing deposits, approximate their estimated fair value. For those financial instruments not previously disclosed, the following is a description of the valuation methodologies used.

Certificates of deposits in other banks: Fair values are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis based on current interest rates being offered by instruments with similar terms and represents a Level 2 measurement.

Other investments: The valuation methodologies utilized for exchange-traded equity securities are discussed under “Recurring basis fair value measurements” above. The carrying amount of Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB stock is a reasonably accepted fair value estimate given their restricted nature. Fair value is the redeemable (carrying) value based on the redemption provisions of the instruments which is considered a Level 2 measurement. The carrying amount of the remaining other investments (particularly common stocks of companies or other banks that are not publicly traded) approximates their fair value, determined primarily by analysis of company financial statements and recent capital issuances of the respective companies or banks, if any, and represents a Level 3 measurement.

Loans held for sale: The fair value estimation process for the loans held for sale portfolio is segregated by loan type. The estimated fair value was based on what secondary markets are currently offering for portfolios with similar characteristics and represents a Level 2 measurement.

Loans, net: For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk or other optionality, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for all other loans are estimated by discounting contractual cash flows using estimated market discount rates, which reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan. Collateral-dependent impaired loans are included in loans, net. The fair value of loans is considered to be a Level 3 measurement due to internally developed discounted cash flow measurements.

Deposits: The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity (such as demand deposits, savings, interest and noninterest checking, and money market accounts) is, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered in the market place on certificates of similar remaining maturities. Use of internal discounted cash flows provides a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Long-term borrowings: The fair value of the FHLB advances is obtained from the FHLB which uses a discounted cash flow analysis based on current market rates of similar maturity debt securities and represents a Level 2 measurement. The fair values of the junior subordinated debentures and subordinated notes utilize a discounted cash flow analysis based on an estimate of current interest rates being offered by instruments with similar terms and credit quality. Since the market for these instruments is limited, the internal evaluation represents a Level 3 measurement.

Lending-related commitments and derivative financial instruments: At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the estimated fair value of letters of credit, interest rate lock commitments on residential mortgage loans, outstanding mandatory commitments to sell residential mortgage loans into the secondary market, and mirror interest rate swap agreements were not significant.

Limitations: Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Fair value estimates may not be realizable in an immediate settlement of the instrument. In some instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments, in which case fair values may be based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques, or based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of the financial instruments, or other factors. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimate of future cash flows. Subsequent changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.