10-Q

3……………….

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2023

Or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from___ to___.

Commission File Number 001-35963

NEUBASE THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	46-5622433
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

350 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(412) 763-3350

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	NBSE	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 06, 2023, 3,729,206 shares of the common stock, par value $0.0001, of the registrant were outstanding.

Table of Contents

PART I.		3
ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	3
ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	18
ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	24
ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	24
PART II.		25
ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	25
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	25
ITEM 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	26
ITEM 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	26
ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	26
ITEM 5.	OTHER INFORMATION	27
ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS	28
SIGNATURES		30

1

Introductory Note

On April 21, 2023, the Board of Directors of NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) approved a change in the Company’s fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31, effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023 and ending December 31, 2023. As a result of the change in year end, the Company filed on June 5, 2023 a Transition Report on Form 10-QT for the period from October 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022. The Company’s 2023 fiscal year will run from January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023.

2

PART I.

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	12,570,359	$	17,386,326
Assets held for sale		429,140		—
Prepaid insurance		259,583		188,266
Other prepaid expenses and current assets		92,950		391,655
Total current assets		13,352,032		17,966,247
EQUIPMENT, net		79,665		1,934,100
OTHER ASSETS
Right-of-use asset, operating lease asset		5,064,184		5,409,574
Security deposit		125,391		273,215
Total other assets		5,189,575		5,682,789
TOTAL ASSETS	$	18,621,272	$	25,583,136
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	258,644	$	369,505
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		462,186		1,227,656
Warrant liabilities		3,428,601		—
Operating lease liabilities		500,817		469,118
Finance lease liabilities		—		78,987
Total current liabilities		4,650,248		2,145,266
Long-term operating lease liability		4,834,348		5,214,074
TOTAL LIABILITIES		9,484,596		7,359,340
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 3,729,206 and 1,657,768 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		373		166
Additional paid-in capital		125,610,714		125,337,022
Accumulated deficit		(116,474,411)		(107,113,392)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		9,136,676		18,223,796
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	18,621,272	$	25,583,136

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
OPERATING EXPENSES
General and administrative	$	1,203,020	$	2,236,325	$	6,523,996	$	8,934,037
Research and development		387,564		5,487,056		2,912,094		17,079,335
Restructuring and impairment		1,222,592		—		1,229,319		—
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES		2,813,176		7,723,381		10,665,409		26,013,372
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS		(2,813,176)		(7,723,381)		(10,665,409)		(26,013,372)
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Interest expense		(122)		(2,693)		(3,206)		(8,828)
Interest income		162,924		106,710		457,349		147,302
Loss on issuance of common stock and warrants		(660)		—		(1,312,212)		—
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		810,895		—		2,241,246		—
Other income (expense), net		19,027		(12,524)		(78,787)		(172,736)
Total other income (expense), net		992,064		91,493		1,304,390		(34,262)
NET LOSS	$	(1,821,112)	$	(7,631,888)	$	(9,361,019)	$	(26,047,634)
BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE	$	(0.66)	$	(4.73)	$	(4.57)	$	(16.08)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING:
BASIC AND DILUTED		2,757,576		1,614,156		2,046,477		1,620,344

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

(Unaudited)

				Additional				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-In				Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022	1,657,768	$	166	$	125,337,022	$	(107,113,392)	$	18,223,796
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		316,689		—		316,689
Exercise of stock options	32,750		3		718		—		721
Net loss	—		—		—		(4,093,113)		(4,093,113)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	1,690,518	$	169	$	125,654,429	$	(111,206,505)	$	14,448,093
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		245,012		—		245,012
Issuance of common stock	187,700		19		—		—		19
Cash paid in lieu of fractional shares from reverse stock split	(72)		—		(9)		—		(9)
Net loss	—		—		—		(3,446,794)		(3,446,794)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	1,878,146	$	188	$	125,899,432	$	(114,653,299)	$	11,246,321
Stock-based compensation benefit	—		—		(292,343)		—		(292,343)
Exercise of stock options	93,234		9		2,042		—		2,051
Exercise of warrants	1,757,826		176		1,583		—		1,759
Net loss	—		—		—		(1,821,112)		(1,821,112)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	3,729,206	$	373	$	125,610,714	$	(116,474,411)	$	9,136,676

				Additional				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-In				Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2021	1,638,409	$	164	$	123,830,758	$	(76,696,719)	$	47,134,203
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		952,828		—		952,828
Forfeiture of common stock	(25,476)		(3)		3		—		—
Net loss	—		—		—		(9,924,029)		(9,924,029)
Balance as of March 31, 2022	1,612,933	$	161	$	124,783,589	$	(86,620,748)	$	38,163,002
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		641,046		—		641,046
Net loss	—		—		—		(8,491,717)		(8,491,717)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	1,612,933	$	161	$	125,424,635	$	(95,112,465)	$	30,312,331
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		510,612		—		510,612
Exercise of stock options	37,500		4		821		—		825
Net loss	—		—		—		(7,631,888)		(7,631,888)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	1,650,433	$	165	$	125,936,068	$	(102,744,353)	$	23,191,880

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(9,361,019)	$	(26,047,634)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Stock-based compensation		269,358		2,104,485
Loss on issuance of common stock and warrants		1,312,212		—
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		(2,241,246)		—
Depreciation and amortization		509,304		585,812
Loss on disposal of fixed assets		63,830		3,844
Impairment		857,109		—
Equity in losses on equity method investment		—		3
Amortization of right-of-use assets		345,390		391,611
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Prepaid insurance, other prepaid expenses and current assets		227,388		(338,021)
Security deposit		147,824		(19,600)
Accounts payable		(110,861)		715,284
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(765,470)		(750,222)
Operating lease liability		(348,027)		(389,082)
Net cash used in operating activities		(9,094,208)		(23,743,520)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of laboratory and office equipment		(13,447)		(347,835)
Proceeds received on sale of equipment		8,500		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(4,947)		(347,835)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs paid		4,357,653		—
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		1,759
Principal payment of finance lease liability		(78,987)		(82,868)
Payment in lieu of fractional shares from reverse stock split		(9)		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		2,772		826
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		4,283,188		(82,042)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(4,815,967)		(24,173,397)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		17,386,326		47,326,060
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	12,570,359	$	23,152,663
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Fair value of warrants issued	$	5,669,847	$	—
Held for sale assets	$	429,140	$	—
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	164,613

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.  Organization, Description of Business and Liquidity

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “NeuBase”) has historically been a preclinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing a modular peptide nucleic acid (“PNA”) antisense oligo (“PATrOL™”) platform to address genetic diseases with a single, cohesive approach. NeuBase planned to use its platform to address diseases which have a genetic source, with an initial focus on gene silencing in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (“DM1”), Huntington’s disease (“HD”), and oncology.

In October 2022, the Company announced plans to expand its focus to include the advancement of the differentiated gene editing capabilities of its platform.

In August 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors (the “Board”) had made the determination to halt further development of the Company’s programs and to conduct a comprehensive exploration of strategic alternatives focused on maximizing shareholder value. As part of this evaluation process, the Board will explore potential strategic alternatives for the Company that may include, but are not limited to, an acquisition, merger, business combination, or other transaction.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company has had no revenues from product sales and has incurred operating losses since inception. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $12.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, incurred a loss from operations of $10.7 million and used $9.1 million of cash in operating activities.

The Company expects to continue to incur substantial operating losses and negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future and may never become profitable. Accordingly, there are material risks and uncertainties that raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In August 2023, as further discussed below, the Board approved a plan to halt further development of the Company’s programs and to conduct a comprehensive exploration of strategic alternatives focused on maximizing shareholder value. This restructuring plan is expected to reduce operating expenses and extend the Company’s cash runway into the fourth quarter of calendar year 2025 based on current operating plans and estimates. Management believes it is probable that the restructuring plan will be effectively implemented within the next twelve months and that the restructuring plan, when implemented, will mitigate the conditions that gave rise to substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Because the Company has sufficient resources on hand to fund operations through at least the next twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements were available to be issued, the substantial doubt has been alleviated. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in acquiring additional funding, that the Company’s projections of its future working capital needs will prove accurate, or that any additional funding would be sufficient to continue operations in future years.

The Company’s future liquidity and capital funding requirements will depend on numerous factors, including:

● its ability to raise additional funds to finance its operations;

● its ability to negotiate and consummate any transaction arising from its exploration of strategic alternatives;

● its ability to maintain compliance with the listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market;

● litigation expenses and the extent and amount of any indemnification claims;

● its ability to maintain, expand and defend the scope of its intellectual property portfolio, including the amount and timing of any payments the Company may be required to make, or that it may receive, in connection with the licensing, filing, prosecution, defense and enforcement of any patents or other intellectual property rights;

● its ability to retain its current employees and the need and ability to hire additional management;

● the trading price of its common stock; and

● its ability to increase the number of authorized shares outstanding to facilitate future financing events.

The Company will likely need to raise substantial additional funds through issuance of equity or debt or completion of a licensing transaction for one or more of the Company’s pipeline assets. If the Company is unable to maintain sufficient financial resources, its business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected. This could affect future development and business activities and potential future clinical studies and/or other future ventures. Failure to obtain additional equity or debt financing will have a material, adverse impact on the Company’s business operations. There can be no assurance that the Company will

7

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

be able to obtain the needed financing on acceptable terms or at all. Additionally, any equity financings will likely have a dilutive effect on the holdings of the Company’s existing stockholders.

Change in Year End

On April 21, 2023, the Board approved a change in the Company’s fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31, effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023 and ending December 31, 2023.  As a result of the change in year end, the Company filed on June 5, 2023 a Transition Report on Form 10-QT for the period from October 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022.  The Company’s 2023 fiscal year will run from January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023.

Reverse Stock Split

The Company effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its outstanding shares of common stock on June 14, 2023. The reverse stock split did not change the number of authorized shares of common stock or par value. All references in these condensed consolidated financial statements to shares, share prices, exercise prices, and other per share information in all periods have been adjusted, on a retroactive basis, to reflect the reverse stock split.

2.  Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended September 30, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on December 21, 2022. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated during the consolidation process. The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods presented reflect all adjustments, consisting of only normal, recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. The Company’s actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements relate to the valuation of stock-based compensation, the valuation of warrant liabilities and the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets resulting from net operating losses. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources.

The Company assesses and updates estimates each period to reflect current information, such as the considerations related to the impacts that the current economic environment could have on its significant accounting estimates. Actual results may differ materially and adversely from these estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and actual results, the Company’s future results of operations will be affected.

8

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted net loss per share includes the dilutive effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as convertible debt, warrants and stock options that would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock. In computing the basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders, the weighted average number of shares remains the same for both calculations due to the fact that when a net loss exists, dilutive shares are not included in the calculation as the impact is anti-dilutive.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive:

	As of September 30,
	2023	2022
Common stock purchase options	196,485	381,469
Restricted stock units	11,110	—
Common stock purchase warrants	4,030,989	9,000
	4,238,584	390,469

Common Stock Warrant Liabilities

The Company has issued freestanding warrants to purchase shares of its common stock in connection with its financing activities and accounts for them in accordance with applicable accounting guidance as either liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreements. Warrants classified as liabilities are remeasured each period they are outstanding. Any resulting gain or loss related to the change in the fair value of the warrant liabilities is recognized in change in fair value of warrant liabilities, a component of other income (expense) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company estimates the fair value of common stock warrant liabilities using the Black-Scholes Model. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

Level 1 - defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2 - defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

Level 3 - defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

9

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its warrant liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2023:

	Fair Value Measurements
	as of September 30, 2023
	(Level 1)			(Level 2)		(Level 3)	Total
Liabilities
Warrant liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	3,428,601	$	3,428,601

The following assumptions were used in determining the fair value of the warrant liabilities as of September 30, 2023:

	As of September 30, 2023
Remaining contractual term (years)	1.3 - 5.3
Common stock price volatility	343.8%
Risk-free interest rate	4.60% - 5.25%
Expected dividend yield	—

The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Warrant
	Liabilities
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	—
Fair value of warrants issued		5,669,847
Change in fair value		(1,430,351)
Balance as of June 30, 2023		4,239,496
Change in fair value		(810,895)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	3,428,601

Assets Held for Sale

The Company classifies its long-lived assets to be sold as held for sale in the period (i) the Company has approved and committed to a plan to sell the asset, (ii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to sell the asset have been initiated, (iv) the sale of the asset is probable, (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, and (vi) it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company initially measures a long-lived asset that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value, less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a long-lived asset until the date of sale. Upon designation as an asset held for sale, the Company stops recording depreciation and amortization expense on the long-lived asset. The Company assesses the fair value of a long-lived asset, less any costs to sell, at each reporting period and until the asset is no longer classified as held for sale.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, “Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance,” which amends disclosures to increase transparency of government assistance, including (i) the types of assistance, (ii) accounting for the assistance and (iii) the effect of the assistance on an entity’s financial statements. The standard is effective for all business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021; therefore, it will be effective beginning with the Company’s financial statements issued for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. While the adoption of this guidance will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet or statement of operations, the adoption of this guidance may require additional annual disclosures in the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023, which the Company is currently in the process of assessing.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “ASC Subtopic 820 Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions” (“ASU 2022-03”). ASU 2022-03 amends ASC 820 to clarify that a contractual sales restriction is not considered in

10

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

measuring an equity security at fair value and to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value. ASU 2022-03 applies to both holders and issuers of equity and equity-linked securities measured at fair value. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). This guidance introduces a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 also provides updated guidance regarding the impairment of available-for-sale debt securities and includes additional disclosure requirements. The new guidance is effective for public business entities that meet the definition of a Smaller Reporting Company as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2023, with minimal impact upon adoption.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), to simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The FASB reduced the number of accounting models for convertible debt and convertible preferred stock instruments and made certain disclosure amendments to improve the information provided to users. In addition, the FASB amended the derivative guidance for the “own stock” scope exception and certain aspects of the EPS guidance. The Company adopted this new accounting guidance on a prospective basis on January 1, 2023, and the adoption did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

3.  Other Prepaid Expenses and Current Assets

The Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	Unaudited		Unaudited
Prepaid research and development expense	$	—	$	67,027
Accounts receivable		—		150,000
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets		92,950		174,628
Total	$	92,950	$	391,655

4.  Equipment and Assets Held for Sale

The Company’s equipment and assets held for sale consisted of the following, after the effects of impairment charges and held-for-sale reclassifications:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	Unaudited		Unaudited
Laboratory equipment	$	—	$	3,048,579
Office equipment		259,979		259,978
Leasehold improvements		31,405		17,958
Total		291,384		3,326,515
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(211,719)		(1,392,415)
Equipment, net	$	79,665	$	1,934,100
Assets held for sale	$	429,140		—

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded impairment charges of $0.9 million in connection with its restructuring, see Note 8. Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

11

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

5.  Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The Company’s accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	Unaudited		Unaudited
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	87,359	$	171,572
Accrued consulting settlement		—		225,000
Accrued professional fees		120,845		241,808
Accrued research and development		—		20,684
Accrued franchise tax		29,680		217,440
Accrued restructuring		185,095		316,032
Other accrued expenses		39,207		35,120
Total	$	462,186	$	1,227,656

6.  Stockholders’ Equity

Equity Purchase Agreement

On December 28, 2022, the Company entered into a purchase agreement (the “Equity Purchase Agreement”) with Alumni Capital LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Alumni Capital”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell, and Alumni Capital agreed to purchase, upon request of the Company in one or more transactions, a number of shares of the Company’s common stock providing aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of up to $3,000,000 (subject to the right, but not the obligation, of the Company to increase such amount up to $10,000,000 pursuant to the terms of the Equity Purchase Agreement) (the “Maximum Investment Amount”). The Equity Purchase Agreement expires upon the earlier of the aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock meeting the Maximum Investment Amount or December 28, 2024.

Among other limitations, unless otherwise agreed upon by Alumni Capital, each individual sale of shares of common stock will be limited to a sale of shares of common stock of up to $500,000 (subject to the right of the Company and Alumni Capital to mutually agree to increase such figure to $1,000,000) and further limited to no more than the number of shares of common stock that would result in the direct or indirect beneficial ownership by Alumni Capital of more than 9.99% of the then-outstanding shares of common stock. Alumni Capital will purchase the shares of common stock under the Equity Purchase Agreement at the lowest traded price of the common stock during the three (3) business days immediately prior to the date of purchase of the shares of common stock multiplied by 95%.

Upon execution of the Equity Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 7,335 shares of common stock to Alumni Capital. The Company will issue to Alumni Capital, on December 28, 2023, shares of common stock in an amount equal to one-half of one percent (0.5%) of the Investment Amount (as defined in the Equity Purchase Agreement) divided by the closing price of the common stock on the third business day prior to the date of issuance and delivery of such shares of common stock. In addition, the Company will issue to Alumni Capital, on the date of expiration of the Equity Purchase Agreement, shares of common stock in an amount equal to one-half of one percent (0.5%) of the Investment Amount divided by the closing price of the common stock on the third business day prior to the date of issuance and delivery of such shares of common stock. If the Company elects to increase the Maximum Investment Amount, it shall issue to Alumni Capital Increase Commitment Shares (as defined in the Equity Purchase Agreement) (based on each increase of Investment Amount) within five (5) business days of the Company’s written notice of such election. The Company recorded the commitment shares issued and future commitment share obligation as additional paid-in capital during the three months ended December 31, 2022.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company has not sold any shares of common stock under the Equity Purchase Agreement.

Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placements

12

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

On June 28, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Registered Direct Purchase Agreement”) in connection with a registered direct offering (the “Registered Direct Offering”) and concurrent private placement with an institutional investor (the “Registered Direct Purchaser”). On June 28, 2023, the Company also entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “PIPE Purchase Agreement” and, together with the Registered Direct Purchase Agreement, the “Purchase Agreements”) and a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) in connection with a concurrent private placement (the “PIPE Private Placement”) with the same institutional investor (the “PIPE Purchaser” and, together with the Registered Direct Purchaser, the “Purchaser”).

Pursuant to the Registered Direct Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to offer and sell in the Registered Direct Offering 187,700 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), and pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 390,997 shares of Common Stock. The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.001 per share, are immediately exercisable and can be exercised at any time after their original issuance until such Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. Each share of Common Stock was sold at an offering price of $2.57 per share, and each Pre-Funded Warrant was sold at an offering price of $2.569, which is equal to the purchase price per share of Common Stock less $0.001.

Pursuant to the Registered Direct Purchase Agreement, in a concurrent private placement, the Company also agreed to issue to the Registered Direct Purchaser unregistered long-term warrants (the “RD Series A Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 578,697 shares of Common Stock and unregistered short-term warrants (the “RD Series B Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 578,697 shares of Common Stock. Each RD Series A Warrant has an exercise price of $2.32 per share, is exercisable immediately upon issuance, and will expire five and one-half years following the date of issuance. Each RD Series B Warrant has an exercise price of $2.32 per share, is exercisable immediately upon issuance, and will expire 18 months following the date of issuance.

Pursuant to the PIPE Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to offer and sell in the PIPE Private Placement unregistered pre-funded warrants (the “PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,366,829 shares of Common Stock, at an offering price of $2.569. The PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.001 per share, are immediately exercisable and can be exercised at any time after their original issuance until such PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. Pursuant to the PIPE Purchase Agreement, the Company also agreed to issue to the PIPE Purchaser unregistered long-term warrants to purchase up to 1,366,829 shares of Common Stock (the “PIPE Series A Warrants”) and unregistered short-term warrants to purchase up to 1,366,829 shares of Common Stock (the “PIPE Series B Warrants”). Each PIPE Series A Warrant has an exercise price of $2.32 per share, is exercisable immediately upon issuance, and will expire five and one-half years following the date of issuance. Each PIPE Series B Warrant has an exercise price of $2.32 per share, is exercisable immediately upon issuance, and will expire 18 months following the date of issuance.

The Company received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million from the Registered Direct Offering and PIPE Private Placement (collectively, the “Offerings”), before deducting placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.

Pursuant to an engagement letter, dated as of June 12, 2023, as amended on June 28, 2023 (as amended, the “Engagement Letter”), between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Placement Agent”), the Company agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash fee equal to 8.0% of the gross proceeds received from the Purchaser (including a 1.0% management fee) and also agreed to issue to the Placement Agent (or its designees) warrants (the “Placement Agent Warrants”) to purchase up to 136,187 shares of Common Stock (which represents 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock, Pre-Funded Warrants and PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants sold in the Offerings) on substantially the same terms as the PIPE Series A Warrants and the PIPE Series B Warrants except that the exercise price of the Placement Agent Warrants is $3.2125 (or 125% of the offering price per share of Common Stock in the Registered Direct Offering) and an expiration date of June 28, 2028, which is the five-year anniversary of the commencement of the sales pursuant to the Offerings. The Company also agreed to pay the Placement Agent in connection with the Offerings $75,000 for non-accountable expenses and $7,389 for clearing fees. Pursuant to the Engagement Letter, the Company also agreed that, upon exercise of any of the RD Series B Warrants or the PIPE Series B Warrants, the Company will pay the Placement Agent a cash fee equal to 8.0% of the gross proceeds received from the exercise of the RD Series B Warrants or the PIPE Series B Warrants (including a 1.0% management fee) and will also issue to the Placement Agent (or its designees) additional Placement Agent Warrants to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issued upon such exercise of the RD Series B Warrants or the PIPE Series B Warrants.

13

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Warrants

Below is a summary of the Company’s issued and outstanding warrants as of September 30, 2023:

Expiration date		Exercise Price	Warrants Outstanding
September 20, 2024	$	130.00	3,750
December 30, 2024	$	2.32	1,945,526
June 28, 2028	$	3.21	136,187
January 2, 2029	$	2.32	1,945,526
			4,030,989

				Weighted-
				Average
		Weighted-		Remaining
		Average		Contractual
		Exercise		Life
	Warrants	Price		(in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	9,006	$	156.03
Issuances:
PIPE Series A Warrants	1,366,829		2.32
PIPE Series B Warrants	1,366,829		2.32
PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants	1,366,829		0.001
RD Series A Warrants	578,697		2.32
RD Series B Warrants	578,697		2.32
Pre-Funded Warrants	390,997		0.001
Placement Agent Warrants	136,187		3.21
Exercised:
PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants	(1,366,829)		0.001
Pre-Funded Warrants	(390,997)		0.001
Expired:	(5,256)		174.60
Outstanding as of September 30, 2023	4,030,989		2.47	3.3
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023	4,030,989	$	2.47	3.3

7.  Stock-Based Compensation

As of September 30, 2023, an aggregate of 366,924 shares of common stock were authorized under the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), subject to an “evergreen” provision that will automatically increase the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the term of the 2019 Plan. As of September 30, 2023, 155,994 shares of common stock were available for future grants under the 2019 Plan. As of September 30, 2023, an aggregate of 14,584 shares of common stock were authorized under the Company’s 2016 Consolidated Stock Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) and 13,334 shares of common stock were available for future grants under the 2016 Plan.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense (benefit) in the following expense categories of its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
General and administrative	$	(178,915)	$	428,571	$	302,817	$	1,490,667
Research and development		(113,428)		82,041		(33,459)		613,818
Total	$	(292,343)	$	510,612	$	269,358	$	2,104,485

14

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 includes the reversal of expense previously recognized of $0.4 million for unvested stock options that were forfeited during the period in connection with the Company’s restructuring, see Note 8.

Stock Options

Below is a table summarizing the options issued and outstanding as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

			Weighted-	Weighted-
			Average	Average	Total
			Exercise	Remaining	Aggregate
			Price Per	Contractual	Intrinsic
	Stock Options		Share	Life (in years)	Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	365,287	$	53.27
Granted	1,875		4.34
Exercised	(125,984)		0.02
Forfeited	(44,693)		66.51
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	196,485		83.93	4.81	$	—
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023	151,137	$	93.71	3.82	$	—

As of September 30, 2023, unrecognized compensation costs associated with the stock options of $0.6 million will be recognized over an estimated weighted average amortization period of 3.62 years.

The intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $3.21 and $23.31, respectively.

Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 included:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022
Expected term of options (years)	5.4 - 6.1	5.3 - 6.1
Expected common stock price volatility	82.3% - 85.2%	73.7% - 78.5%
Risk-free interest rate	3.5% - 4.0%	1.4% - 3.4%
Expected dividend yield	—	—

Restricted Stock Units

Below is a table summarizing the restricted stock units granted and outstanding as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

			Weighted-
			Average Grant
	Restricted Stock		Date Fair Value
	Units		Price
Unvested as of December 31, 2022		—	$	—
Granted		19,823		4.00
Forfeited		(8,713)		—
Unvested as of September 30, 2023		11,110		4.00
Total unrecognized expense remaining	$	30,208
Weighted-average years expected to be recognized over		3.4

15

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

8. Restructuring and Impairment

Restructuring and impairment charges consist of the following:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2023
Restructuring	$	365,483	$	372,210
Impairment		857,109		857,109
Total restructuring and impairment	$	1,222,592	$	1,229,319

Restructuring

Restructuring charges relate primarily to the Company’s strategic restructurings announced in October 2022 to expand its focus to include the advancement of the differentiated gene editing capabilities of its platform and the announcement in August 2023 to halt further development of the Company’s programs and to conduct a comprehensive exploration of strategic alternatives focused on maximizing shareholder value.

The following table summarizes activity in the Company’s restructuring-related liability during the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

			Restructuring		Payments/
			Charges		Utilization
	Liability at		(Nine Months Ended		(Nine Months Ended		Liability at
	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2023)		September 30, 2023)		September 30, 2023
Research and development contract termination costs	$	311,110	$	2,490	$	(313,600)	$	—
Employee termination benefits		—		369,630		(184,535)		185,095
Other		4,922		90		(5,012)		—
Total Accrued restructuring	$	316,032	$	372,210	$	(503,147)	$	185,095

Impairment

In August 2023, as a result of halting further development of the Company’s programs as discussed above, the Company committed to a plan to actively sell certain chemistry and biology lab equipment, and as a result classified such equipment as held for sale as current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The sale was completed in October 2023.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded long-lived impairment charges of $0.9 million, which reflects the difference between the carrying amount of the assets sold and their fair value, less costs to sell.

9.  Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company has become involved in certain legal proceedings and claims which arise in the normal course of business. The Company believes that an adverse outcome is unlikely, and it cannot reasonably estimate the potential loss at this point. If an unfavorable ruling were to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations, prospects, cash flows, financial position and brand. Costs associated with the Company’s involvement in legal proceedings are expensed as incurred.

16

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

10.  Subsequent Events

As previously disclosed by the Company, on June 28, 2023, the Company entered into the PIPE Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor (the “Warrant Holder”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company issued to the Warrant Holder in a private placement on June 30, 2023: (i) a Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrant (the “PIPE Series A Warrant”) to purchase up to 1,366,829 shares of Common Stock, and (ii) a Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to 1,366,829 shares of Common Stock (the “PIPE Series B Warrant”). Also as previously disclosed by the Company, on June 28, 2023, the Company entered into the Registered Direct Purchase Agreement with the Warrant Holder, pursuant to which, among other things, the Company issued to the Warrant Holder in a private placement conducted concurrently with a registered direct offering on June 30, 2023: (i) a Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to 578,697 shares of Common Stock (the “RD Series A Warrant” and, together with the PIPE Series A Warrant, the “Series A Warrants”), and (ii) a Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to 578,697 shares of Common Stock (the “RD Series B Warrant” and, together with the PIPE Series B Warrant, the “Series B Warrants” and the Series B Warrants, together with the Series A Warrants, the “Warrants”).

On October 17, 2023, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with the Warrant Holder (the “Exchange Agreement”) relating to the repurchase of the Series B Warrants in exchange for a cash payment of $1,250,000.00 and the treatment of the Series A Warrants in the event the Company executes a definitive agreement (the “Definitive Agreement”) pursuant to which (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions agrees to effect any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another person (excluding a merger effected solely to change the Company’s name or domiciliation), (ii) the Company (or any subsidiary), directly or indirectly, agrees to effect any sale, lease, exclusive license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any direct or indirect purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another person) will be effected pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding Common Stock or more than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (excluding a stock split), or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions agrees to consummate a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another person or group of persons whereby such other person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or more than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the Company.

Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, the Company agreed that, effective as of the date the Company executes a Definitive Agreement (the “Execution Date”), in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration afforded by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Company will exchange all of the Series A Warrants then-held by the Warrant Holder for a new Series A-1 Common Stock Purchase Warrant (the “New Warrant”) to purchase such number of shares of Common Stock as is equal to the product of 110% multiplied by the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that are then-exercisable pursuant to the Series A Warrants then-held by the Warrant Holder (if any).

The New Warrant will have the same $2.32 per share exercise price of the Series A Warrants (subject to adjustment for recapitalizations, stock splits and similar transactions), will be exercisable commencing on the date of the closing of the transaction contemplated by the Definitive Agreement, and will expire on January 2, 2029, the same date as the expiration date of the Series A Warrants.

17

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Disclosures Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

The following should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this report as well as in conjunction with the Risk Factors section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, as filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on December 21, 2022. This report and our Form 10-K include forward-looking statements made based on current management expectations pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended.

This report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Those statements include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of the Company and its subsidiaries and our management team. Any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to those risks and uncertainties set forth in Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors of this Quarterly Report and in Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K. In light of the significant risks and uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, the inclusion of such statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be achieved. Further, these forward-looking statements reflect our view only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligations to update any forward-looking statements and we disclaim any intent to update forward-looking statements after the date of this report to reflect subsequent developments. Accordingly, you should also carefully consider the factors set forth in other reports or documents that we file from time to time with the SEC.

Overview

We have designed, built, and validated a new technology platform (a peptide nucleic acid antisense oligonucleobase platform, which we call PATrOL™) that can uniquely Drug the Genome™ to address the three disease-causing mechanisms (i.e., gain-of-function, change-of-function, or loss-of-function of a gene), without the limitations of early precision genetic medicines. The technology is predicated on synthetic peptide nucleic acid (“PNA”) chemistry and can directly engage the genome in a sequence-specific manner and address root causality of diseases. These compounds operate by temporarily engaging the genome (or single and double-stranded RNA targets, if desired) and interacting with cellular machinery that processes mutant genes to halt their ability to manifest a disease.

We have historically focused on developing precision genetic medicines targeting rare, monogenic diseases for which there are no approved therapies, as well as more common genetic disorders, including cancers that are resistant to current therapeutic approaches. Our disclosed pipeline includes therapeutic candidates for the treatment of DM1, HD, as well as cancer-driving point mutations in KRAS, G12V and G12D, which are involved in many tumor types and have historically been “undruggable”. In October 2022, the Company announced plans to expand its focus to include the advancement of the differentiated gene editing capabilities of its platform.

In August 2023, the Company announced that its Board had made the determination to halt further development of the Company’s programs and to conduct a comprehensive exploration of strategic alternatives focused on maximizing shareholder value. As part of this evaluation process, the Board will explore potential strategic alternatives for the Company that may include, but are not limited to, an acquisition, merger, business combination, or other transaction.

The Company expects to incur operating losses and negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future. We would need to seek additional equity or debt financing to provide the capital required to maintain or expand our operations.

We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Our operating plans and other demands on our cash resources may change as a result of many factors currently unknown to us, and we may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned, through public or private equity or debt financings or other capital sources, including, potentially, collaborations, licenses, and other similar arrangements. In addition, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise sufficient additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. If such additional financing is not available on satisfactory terms, or is not available in sufficient amounts, we may be required to delay, limit or eliminate the development of business opportunities, and our ability to achieve our business objectives, our competitiveness, and our business,

18

financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected. In addition, we may be required to grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Change in Year End

On April 21, 2023, the Board approved a change in the Company’s fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31, effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023 and ending December 31, 2023.  As a result of the change in year end, the Company filed on June 5, 2023 a Transition Report on Form 10-QT for the period from October 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022.  The Company’s 2023 fiscal year will run from January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience, market and other conditions, and various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, the estimation process is, by its nature, uncertain given that estimates depend on events over which we may not have control. If market and other conditions change from those that we anticipate, our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements may be materially affected. In addition, if our assumptions change, we may need to revise our estimates, or take other corrective actions, either of which may also have a material effect in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. We review our estimates, judgments, and assumptions used in our accounting practices periodically and reflect the effects of revisions in the period in which they are deemed to be necessary. We believe that these estimates are reasonable; however, our actual results may differ from these estimates.

Our critical accounting policies and estimates are discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, and except as described below, there have been no material changes to such policies or estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Common Stock Warrant Liabilities

The Company has issued freestanding warrants to purchase shares of its common stock in connection with its financing activities and accounts for them in accordance with applicable accounting guidance as either liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreements. Warrants classified as liabilities are remeasured each period they are outstanding. Any resulting gain or loss related to the change in the fair value of the warrant liabilities is recognized in change in fair value of warrant liabilities, a component of other income (expense) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company estimates the fair value of common stock warrant liabilities using the Black-Scholes Model. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment.

Assets Held for Sale

The Company classifies its long-lived assets to be sold as held for sale in the period (i) the Company has approved and committed to a plan to sell the asset, (ii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to sell the asset have been initiated, (iv) the sale of the asset is probable, (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, and (vi) it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company initially measures a long-lived asset that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value, less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a long-lived asset until the date of sale. Upon designation as an asset held for sale, the Company stops recording depreciation and amortization expense on the long-lived asset. The Company assesses the fair value of a long-lived asset, less any costs to sell, at each reporting period and until the asset is no longer classified as held for sale.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Please refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies—Recent Accounting Pronouncements, in Item 1, Financial Statements, for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

19

Results of Operations

Results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023, reflect the following changes from the three months ended September 30, 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change
OPERATING EXPENSES
General and administrative	$	1,203,020	$	2,236,325	$	(1,033,305)
Research and development		387,564		5,487,056		(5,099,492)
Restructuring and impairment		1,222,592		—		1,222,592
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES		2,813,176		7,723,381		(4,910,205)
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS		(2,813,176)		(7,723,381)		4,910,205
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Interest expense		(122)		(2,693)		2,571
Interest income		162,924		106,710		56,214
Loss on issuance of common stock and warrants		(660)		—		(660)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		810,895		—		810,895
Other income (expense), net		19,027		(12,524)		31,551
Total other income (expense), net		992,064		91,493		900,571
NET LOSS	$	(1,821,112)	$	(7,631,888)	$	5,810,776

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, our operating loss decreased by $4.9 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. Our net loss decreased by $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. Until we are able to generate revenue from product sales, our management expects to continue to incur net losses.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of legal and professional fees, wages and stock-based compensation. General and administrative expenses decreased by $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to a decrease in consulting and wage expenses.

Research and Development Expenses

The following table summarizes the Company’s research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change
Research and development
Professional consultation and other analytical work	$	129,903	$	1,877,780	$	(1,747,877)
Lab Supplies, chemicals and manufacturing expenses		55,710		2,137,063		(2,081,353)
Employee wages, benefits, and payroll taxes		109,386		968,480		(859,094)
Stock-based compensation expense		(113,428)		82,041		(195,469)
Facility, depreciation and other expenses		205,993		421,692		(215,699)
Total research and development	$	387,564	$	5,487,056	$	(5,099,492)

The decrease of approximately $5.1 million of research and development expenses was primarily attributable to $1.7 million of decreased professional consultation and other analytical work; $2.1 million of decreased lab supplies, chemicals, and manufacturing expenses; $0.9 million decrease of employee wages, benefits, and payroll taxes; $0.2 million of decreased stock-based compensation expense; and $0.2 million of decreased equipment, depreciation, and facility costs. The overall decrease is primarily related to the Company’s strategic restructurings announced in October 2022 and August 2023, resulting in the overall decrease in research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Restructuring and Impairment

20

The increase of approximately $1.2 million in restructuring and impairment was primarily attributed to $0.3 million in employee termination benefits and $0.9 million in equipment impairment. No restructuring charges were incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Loss on Issuance of Common Stock and Warrants

The loss on issuance of common stock and warrants during the three months ended September 30, 2023 was not material. There was no comparable loss for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 reflects the changes in the warrant liabilities primarily due to changes in our stock price.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023 primarily related to miscellaneous other income partially offset by the recognized loss on an asset disposal. Other income (expense), net during the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily related to the recognized loss on an asset disposal.

Results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, reflect the following changes from the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change
OPERATING EXPENSES
General and administrative	$	6,523,996	$	8,934,037	$	(2,410,041)
Research and development		2,912,094		17,079,335		(14,167,241)
Restructuring and impairment		1,229,319		—		1,229,319
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES		10,665,409		26,013,372		(15,347,963)
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS		(10,665,409)		(26,013,372)		15,347,963
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Interest expense		(3,206)		(8,828)		5,622
Interest income		457,349		147,302		310,047
Loss on issuance of common stock and warrants		(1,312,212)		—		(1,312,212)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		2,241,246		—		2,241,246
Other income (expense), net		(78,787)		(172,736)		93,949
Total other income (expense), net		1,304,390		(34,262)		1,338,652
NET LOSS	$	(9,361,019)	$	(26,047,634)	$	16,686,615

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our operating loss decreased by $15.3 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Our net loss decreased by $16.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Until we are able to generate revenue from product sales, our management expects to continue to incur net losses.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of legal and professional fees, wages and stock-based compensation. General and administrative expenses decreased by $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to a decrease in consulting and wage expenses.

21

Research and Development Expenses

The following table summarizes the Company’s research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change
Research and development
Professional consultation and other analytical work	$	420,792	$	4,563,157	$	(4,142,365)
Lab Supplies, chemicals and manufacturing expenses		752,612		7,466,882		(6,714,270)
Employee wages, benefits, and payroll taxes		878,063		3,162,021		(2,283,958)
Stock-based compensation expense		(33,459)		613,819		(647,278)
Facility, depreciation and other expenses		894,086		1,273,456		(379,370)
Total research and development	$	2,912,094	$	17,079,335	$	(14,167,241)

The decrease of approximately $14.2 million of research and development expenses was primarily attributable to $4.1 million of decreased professional consultation and other analytical work; $6.7 million of decreased lab supplies, chemicals, and manufacturing expenses; $2.3 million decrease of employee wages, benefits, and payroll taxes; $0.6 million of decreased stock-based compensation expense; and $0.4 million of decreased equipment, depreciation, and facility costs. The overall decrease is primarily related to the Company’s strategic restructurings announced in October 2022 and August 2023, resulting in the overall decrease in research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Restructuring and impairment

The increase of approximately $1.2 million in restructuring and impairment was primarily attributed to $0.3 million in employee termination benefits, and $0.9 million in equipment impairment. No restructuring charges were incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Loss on Issuance of Common Stock and Warrants

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the loss on issuance of common stock and warrants was approximately $1.3 million. This loss is attributable to the fair value measurement of the warrant liabilities using a Black-Scholes Model to estimate the common stock warrant liabilities associated with the registered direct and concurrent private placement offering we completed in June 2023. There was no comparable loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 reflects the changes in the warrant liabilities primarily due to changes in our stock price.

Other Income (Expense), net

We recognized other income (expense), net of $79 thousand during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily related to the buyout of certain leased equipment. We recognized other income (expense), net of $0.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 related to the correction of a payroll tax expense credit received in a prior period.

Liquidity, Capital Resources, Going Concern, and Financial Condition

We have had no revenues from product sales and have incurred operating losses since inception. As of September 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $12.6 million. We have historically funded our operations through the sale of common stock and the issuance of convertible notes and warrants. We expect to continue to incur significant operating losses for the foreseeable future and may never become profitable. As a result, we will likely need to raise additional capital through one or more of the following: the issuance of additional debt or equity or the completion of a licensing transaction for one or more of our pipeline assets. Accordingly, there are material risks and uncertainties that raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In August 2023, the Company announced a restructuring plan to reduce its operating expenses and extend its cash runway into the fourth quarter of calendar year 2025 based on current operating plans and estimates. Management believes it is probable that the restructuring plan will be effectively implemented and will mitigate the conditions that gave rise to substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

22

Net working capital decreased from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023 by $7.1 million (from $15.8 million to $8.7 million). We expect our annual cash burn to decrease in the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023, due to the restructuring actions that we have implemented since October 2022 and the announcement in August 2023 that we are halting further development of the Company’s research programs and exploring strategic alternatives including, but not limited to, an acquisition, merger, business combination, or other transaction.

We entered into a purchase agreement with Alumni Capital in December 2022, pursuant to which Alumni Capital is obligated to purchase up to $3.0 million of our common stock from time to time at our sole discretion over a 24-month period commencing on December 28, 2022. To date, we have not sold any shares of common stock under the purchase agreement.

At present, we have no bank line of credit. Should we need additional capital in the future, we will be primarily reliant upon a private or public placement of our equity or debt securities, or a strategic transaction, for which there can be no warranty or assurance that we may be successful in such efforts. If we are unable to maintain sufficient financial resources, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected. This could affect future development and business activities and potential future clinical studies and/or other future ventures. Failure to obtain additional equity or debt financing will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain the financing needed to achieve our goals on acceptable terms or at all. Additionally, any equity financings would likely have a dilutive effect on the holdings of the Company’s existing stockholders.

Cash Flow Summary

The following table summarizes selected items in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(9,094,208)	$	(23,743,520)
Net cash used in investing activities		(4,947)		(347,835)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		4,283,188		(82,042)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(4,815,967)	$	(24,173,397)

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $9.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to approximately $23.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Net cash used in operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily the result of our net loss,  the change in fair value of warrant liabilities, a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and a decrease in operating lease liability, partially offset by stock-based compensation expense, the loss on issuance of common stock and warrants, depreciation and amortization expenses, impairment, a decrease in prepaid insurance, other prepaid expenses and current assets and a decrease in security deposit. Net cash used in operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily the result of our net loss,  a decrease in prepaid insurance, other prepaid expenses and current assets, a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and a decrease in operating lease liability, partially offset by stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization expenses and an increase in accounts payable.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $5 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to the purchase of leasehold improvements, partially offset by proceeds received on sale of lab equipment. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to the purchase of laboratory and office equipment.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to net cash used in financing activities of $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily reflects net proceeds from the June 2023 issuance of common stock and warrants, partially offset by principal payment of our finance lease liability. Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily reflects the principal payment of our finance lease liability.

23

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are not required to provide the information required under this item.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2023. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of September 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting during the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023.

24

PART II.

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We have become involved in certain legal proceedings and claims which arise in the normal course of business. If an unfavorable ruling were to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on our results of operations, prospects, cash flows, financial position and brand. Costs associated with the Company’s involvement in legal proceedings are expensed as incurred.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We operate in a dynamic and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and you should carefully consider them. Accordingly, in evaluating our business, in addition to other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” that appear in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on December 21, 2022. Other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Other than the following disclosed risk factors, there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022.

Risks Related to the Company

Unstable market and economic conditions may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As widely reported, global credit and financial markets have experienced volatility and disruptions in the past several years, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, rising inflation, rising interest rates, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates, uncertainty about economic stability, failures of certain U.S. and international financial institutions and liquidity concerns at other financial institutions.  There can be no assurances that further deterioration in credit and financial markets and confidence in economic conditions will not occur.  Our general business strategy may be adversely affected by any such economic downturn, volatile business environment or continued unpredictable and unstable market conditions.  If the current equity and credit markets deteriorate, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult, more costly and more dilutive.  Failure to secure any necessary financing in a timely manner and on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy, financial performance and price of the Company’s common stock, and could require us to delay or abandon clinical development plans.

We are reviewing strategic alternatives and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in identifying or completing any strategic transaction, that any such strategic transaction will result in additional value for our stockholders or that the process will not have an adverse impact on our business.

On August 3, 2023, we announced that our Board had initiated a process to explore potential strategic alternatives, possibly including, but not limited to, an acquisition, merger, business combination or other transaction, aimed at increasing stockholder value. There can be no assurance that the review of strategic alternatives will result in the identification or consummation of any transaction. Our Board may also determine that our most effective strategy is to continue to execute on our current strategy. The Board has also approved a reduction in workforce, designed to reduce costs and reallocate resources while maintaining the personnel needed to focus on activities relating to halting further development of the Company's programs and the pursuit of strategic alternatives.

The process of reviewing strategic alternatives may be costly, time consuming and disruptive to our business operations and, if we are unable to effectively manage the process, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We have incurred, and may in the future incur, significant costs associated with identifying, evaluating and negotiating potential strategic alternatives, such as legal, financial advisor and accounting fees and expenses and other related charges. We may also incur additional unanticipated expenses in connection with this process. A considerable portion of these costs will be incurred regardless of whether any such course of action is implemented or transaction is completed, decreasing cash available for use in our business. We do not intend to comment regarding the evaluation of strategic alternatives until such time as we have determined that further disclosure is necessary or appropriate.

25

There can be no assurance that any potential transaction, or series of transactions, or other strategic alternative, if consummated, will provide greater value to our stockholders than that reflected in the current price of our common stock. Until the review process is concluded, perceived uncertainties related to our future may impact our business performance and volatility in the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified personnel and key employees. Our Board has not set a timetable for the conclusion of this review, nor has it made any definitive decisions related to taking any further actions or potential strategic options at this time or at all.

Risk Related to Our Common Stock

Our failure to meet the continued listing standards on The Nasdaq Capital Market could result in a delisting of our common stock, which could negatively impact the price of our common stock, liquidity and our ability to access the capital markets.

The listing standards of The Nasdaq Capital Market provide that a company, in order to qualify for continued listing, must maintain a minimum stock price of $1.00 and satisfy standards relative to minimum stockholders’ equity, minimum market value of publicly held shares and various additional requirements. If we fail to comply with all listing standards applicable to issuers listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, our common stock may be delisted.

As previously disclosed on November 6, 2023, on November 3, 2023 we received a letter (the “Notice”) from The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), notifying us that, because the closing bid price for the Company’s common stock has been below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days, the Company no longer complies with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”), and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the Minimum Bid Price Requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days.

The Notice has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company has been provided an initial compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until May 1, 2024, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. During the compliance period, the Company’s shares of common stock will continue to be listed and traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market. To regain compliance, the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock must meet or exceed $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during the 180 calendar day grace period.

In the event the Company is not in compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement by May 1, 2024, the Company may be afforded a second 180 calendar day grace period. To qualify, the Company would be required to meet the continued listing requirements for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. In addition, the Company would be required to provide written notice of its intention to cure the minimum bid price deficiency during this second 180-day compliance period by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary.

We intend to actively monitor the bid price for our common stock between now and May 1, 2024 and will consider available options to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement or that we will otherwise be in compliance with the other listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market. If our common stock is delisted, it could reduce the price of our common stock and the levels of liquidity available to our stockholders. In addition, the delisting of our common stock could materially adversely affect our access to the capital markets, and any limitation on liquidity or reduction in the price of our common stock could materially adversely affect our ability to raise capital. Delisting from The Nasdaq Capital Market could also result in other negative consequences, including the potential loss of confidence by suppliers, customers and employees, the loss of institutional investor interest and fewer business development opportunities.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

26

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

27

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description	Form	File Number	Filing Date	Exhibit
2.1+	Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of January 2, 2019, by and among Ohr Pharmaceutical, Inc., Ohr Acquisition Corp. and NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc.	8-K	001-35963	1/3/2019	2.1
2.2	First Amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of June 27, 2019, by and among Ohr Pharmaceutical, Inc., Ohr Acquisition Corp. and NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc.	8-K	001-35963	7/3/2019	2.1
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.	8-K	001-35963	7/12/2019	3.1
3.2	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc., filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 14, 2023.	8 K	001-35963	6/14/2023	3.1
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company.	8-K	001-35963	9/23/2019	3.1
3.4	Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company.	8-K	001-35963	9/18/2023	3.1
4.1	Form of Series A Warrant issued to investors pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 7, 2016, by and among Ohr Pharmaceutical, Inc. and the purchasers listed therein.	8-K	001-35963	12/8/2016	4.1
4.2	Form of Warrant issued to investors pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 5, 2017, by and among Ohr Pharmaceutical, Inc. and the purchasers listed therein.	8-K	001-35963	4/6/2017	4.1
4.3	Form of Common Stock Certificate.	S-8	333-233346	8/16/2019	4.17
4.4	Form of Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to investors pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements, dated as of June 28, 2023, by and among NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and the purchasers listed therein.	8-K	001-35963	6/30/2023	4.1
4.5	Form of Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to investors pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements, dated as of June 28, 2023, by and among NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and the purchasers listed therein.	8-K	001-35963	6/30/2023	4.2
4.6	Form of Pre-Funded Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Registered Direct Offering) issued to investors pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements, dated as of June 28, 2023, by and among NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and the purchasers listed therein.	8-K	001-35963	6/30/2023	4.3
4.7	Form of Pre-Funded Common Stock Purchase Warrant (PIPE Private Placement) issued to investors pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements, dated as of June 28, 2023, by and among NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and the purchasers listed therein.	8-K	001-35963	6/30/2023	4.4
4.8	Form of Placement Agent Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to investors pursuant to an engagement letter, dated as of June 12, 2023, as amended on June 28, 2023, between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC.	8-K	001-35963	6/30/2023	4.5
4.9	Form of Series A-1 Common Stock Purchase Warrant.	8-K	001-35963	10/18/2023	4.1

28

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description	Form	File Number	Filing Date	Exhibit
10.1***	Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2023 (Registered Direct Offering), by and among NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and the purchasers listed therein.	8-K	001-35963	6/30/2023	10.1
10.2***	Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2023 (PIPE Private Placement), by and among NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and the purchasers listed therein.	8-K	001-35963	6/30/2023	10.2
10.3	Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2023, by and among NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and the purchaser listed therein	8-K	001-35963	6/30/2023	10.3
10.4	Amendment No. 1 to Neubase Therapeutics, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.	8-K	001-35963	7/31/2023	10.1
10.5	Exchange Agreement, dated October 17, 2023, by and between NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and the Warrant Holder party thereto.	8-K	001-35963	10/18/2023	10.1
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

*Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

*** Non-material schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits upon request by the SEC.

+All schedules and exhibits to the agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished to the SEC upon request.

29

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc.
Date: November 09, 2023	/s/ Todd Branning
	Todd Branning
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

30

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Dietrich Stephan, Ph.D., certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 09, 2023	By:	/s/ Dietrich Stephan
		Dietrich Stephan, Ph.D.
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Todd Branning, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 09, 2023	By:	/s/ Todd Branning
		Todd Branning
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to their knowledge that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ Dietrich Stephan	By:	/s/ Todd Branning
	Dietrich Stephan, Ph.D.		Todd Branning
	President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
	November 09, 2023		November 09, 2023

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

This certification accompanies the Report, is not deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Report), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 06, 2023
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-35963
Entity Registrant Name	NEUBASE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	46-5622433
Entity Address, Address Line One	350 Technology Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	Pittsburgh
Entity Address, State or Province	PA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	15219
City Area Code	412
Local Phone Number	763-3350
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	NBSE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity's Reporting Status Current	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		3,729,206
Entity Central Index Key	0001173281
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 12,570,359	$ 17,386,326
Assets held for sale	429,140	0
Prepaid insurance	259,583	188,266
Other prepaid expenses and current assets	92,950	391,655
Total current assets	13,352,032	17,966,247
EQUIPMENT, net	79,665	1,934,100
OTHER ASSETS
Right-of-use asset, operating lease asset	5,064,184	5,409,574
Security deposit	125,391	273,215
Total other assets	5,189,575	5,682,789
TOTAL ASSETS	18,621,272	25,583,136
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	258,644	369,505
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	462,186	1,227,656
Warrant liabilities	3,428,601	0
Operating lease liabilities	500,817	469,118
Finance lease liabilities	0	78,987
Total current liabilities	4,650,248	2,145,266
Long-term operating lease liability	4,834,348	5,214,074
TOTAL LIABILITIES	9,484,596	7,359,340
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 3,729,206 and 1,657,768 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	373	166
Additional paid-in capital	125,610,714	125,337,022
Accumulated deficit	(116,474,411)	(107,113,392)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	9,136,676	18,223,796
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 18,621,272	$ 25,583,136

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, issued	0	0
Preferred stock, outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized	250,000,000	250,000,000
Common stock, issued	3,729,206	1,657,768
Common stock, outstanding	3,729,206	1,657,768

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
OPERATING EXPENSES
General and administrative	$ 1,203,020	$ 2,236,325	$ 6,523,996	$ 8,934,037
Research and development	387,564	5,487,056	2,912,094	17,079,335
Restructuring and impairment	1,222,592	0	1,229,319	0
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES	2,813,176	7,723,381	10,665,409	26,013,372
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS	(2,813,176)	(7,723,381)	(10,665,409)	(26,013,372)
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Interest expense	(122)	(2,693)	(3,206)	(8,828)
Interest income	162,924	106,710	457,349	147,302
Loss on issuance of common stock and warrants	(660)	0	(1,312,212)	0
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	810,895	0	2,241,246	0
Other income (expense), net	19,027	(12,524)	(78,787)	(172,736)
Total other income (expense), net	992,064	91,493	1,304,390	(34,262)
NET LOSS	$ (1,821,112)	$ (7,631,888)	$ (9,361,019)	$ (26,047,634)
BASIC LOSS PER SHARE (in dollars per share)	$ (0.66)	$ (4.73)	$ (4.57)	$ (16.08)
DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE (in dollars per share)	$ (0.66)	$ (4.73)	$ (4.57)	$ (16.08)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING:
BASIC (in shares)	2,757,576	1,614,156	2,046,477	1,620,344
DILUTED (in shares)	2,757,576	1,614,156	2,046,477	1,620,344

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 164	$ 123,830,758	$ (76,696,719)	$ 47,134,203
Balance, beginning, shares at Dec. 31, 2021	1,638,409
Stock-based compensation expense		952,828		952,828
Forfeiture of common stock	$ (3)	3
Forfeiture of common stock (in shares)	(25,476)
Net loss			(9,924,029)	(9,924,029)
Balance, ending at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 161	124,783,589	(86,620,748)	38,163,002
Balance, ending, shares at Mar. 31, 2022	1,612,933
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 164	123,830,758	(76,696,719)	47,134,203
Balance, beginning, shares at Dec. 31, 2021	1,638,409
Net loss				(26,047,634)
Balance, ending at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 165	125,936,068	(102,744,353)	23,191,880
Balance, ending, shares at Sep. 30, 2022	1,650,433
Balance, beginning at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 161	124,783,589	(86,620,748)	38,163,002
Balance, beginning, shares at Mar. 31, 2022	1,612,933
Stock-based compensation expense		641,046		641,046
Net loss			(8,491,717)	(8,491,717)
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 161	125,424,635	(95,112,465)	30,312,331
Balance, ending, shares at Jun. 30, 2022	1,612,933
Stock-based compensation expense		510,612		510,612
Exercise of stock options	$ 4	821		825
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	37,500
Net loss			(7,631,888)	(7,631,888)
Balance, ending at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 165	125,936,068	(102,744,353)	23,191,880
Balance, ending, shares at Sep. 30, 2022	1,650,433
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 166	125,337,022	(107,113,392)	18,223,796
Balance, beginning, shares at Dec. 31, 2022	1,657,768
Stock-based compensation expense		316,689		316,689
Exercise of stock options	$ 3	718		721
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	32,750
Net loss			(4,093,113)	(4,093,113)
Balance, ending at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 169	125,654,429	(111,206,505)	14,448,093
Balance, ending, shares at Mar. 31, 2023	1,690,518
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 166	125,337,022	(107,113,392)	$ 18,223,796
Balance, beginning, shares at Dec. 31, 2022	1,657,768
Exercise of stock options (in shares)				125,984
Net loss				$ (9,361,019)
Balance, ending at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 373	125,610,714	(116,474,411)	9,136,676
Balance, ending, shares at Sep. 30, 2023	3,729,206
Balance, beginning at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 169	125,654,429	(111,206,505)	14,448,093
Balance, beginning, shares at Mar. 31, 2023	1,690,518
Stock-based compensation expense		245,012		245,012
Issuance of common stock	$ 19			19
Issuance of common stock (in shares)	187,700
Cash paid in lieu of fractional shares from reverse stock split		(9)		(9)
Cash paid in lieu of fractional shares from reverse stock split (in shares)	(72)
Net loss			(3,446,794)	(3,446,794)
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 188	125,899,432	(114,653,299)	11,246,321
Balance, ending, shares at Jun. 30, 2023	1,878,146
Stock-based compensation expense		(292,343)		(292,343)
Exercise of stock options	$ 9	2,042		2,051
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	93,234
Exercise of warrants	$ 176	1,583		1,759
Exercise of warrants (in shares)	1,757,826
Net loss			(1,821,112)	(1,821,112)
Balance, ending at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 373	$ 125,610,714	$ (116,474,411)	$ 9,136,676
Balance, ending, shares at Sep. 30, 2023	3,729,206

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (9,361,019)	$ (26,047,634)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Stock-based compensation	269,358	2,104,485
Loss on issuance of common stock and warrants	1,312,212	0
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	(2,241,246)	0
Depreciation and amortization	509,304	585,812
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	63,830	3,844
Impairment	857,109	0
Equity in losses on equity method investment	0	3
Amortization of right-of-use assets	345,390	391,611
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Prepaid insurance, other prepaid expenses and current assets	227,388	(338,021)
Security deposit	147,824	(19,600)
Accounts payable	(110,861)	715,284
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(765,470)	(750,222)
Operating lease liability	(348,027)	(389,082)
Net cash used in operating activities	(9,094,208)	(23,743,520)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of laboratory and office equipment	(13,447)	(347,835)
Proceeds received on sale of equipment	8,500	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(4,947)	(347,835)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs psid	4,357,653	0
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	1,759
Principal payment of finance lease liability	(78,987)	(82,868)
Payment in lieu of fractional shares from reverse stock split	(9)	0
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,772	826
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	4,283,188	(82,042)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(4,815,967)	(24,173,397)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	17,386,326	47,326,060
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	12,570,359	23,152,663
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Fair value of warrants issued	5,669,847	0
Held for sale assets	429,140	0
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$ 0	$ 164,613

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Organization, Description of Business and Liquidity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Description of Business and Liquidity

Organization, Description of Business and Liquidity

1.  Organization, Description of Business and Liquidity

NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “NeuBase”) has historically been a preclinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing a modular peptide nucleic acid (“PNA”) antisense oligo (“PATrOL™”) platform to address genetic diseases with a single, cohesive approach. NeuBase planned to use its platform to address diseases which have a genetic source, with an initial focus on gene silencing in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (“DM1”), Huntington’s disease (“HD”), and oncology.

In October 2022, the Company announced plans to expand its focus to include the advancement of the differentiated gene editing capabilities of its platform.

In August 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors (the “Board”) had made the determination to halt further development of the Company’s programs and to conduct a comprehensive exploration of strategic alternatives focused on maximizing shareholder value. As part of this evaluation process, the Board will explore potential strategic alternatives for the Company that may include, but are not limited to, an acquisition, merger, business combination, or other transaction.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company has had no revenues from product sales and has incurred operating losses since inception. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $12.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, incurred a loss from operations of $10.7 million and used $9.1 million of cash in operating activities.

The Company expects to continue to incur substantial operating losses and negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future and may never become profitable. Accordingly, there are material risks and uncertainties that raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In August 2023, as further discussed below, the Board approved a plan to halt further development of the Company’s programs and to conduct a comprehensive exploration of strategic alternatives focused on maximizing shareholder value. This restructuring plan is expected to reduce operating expenses and extend the Company’s cash runway into the fourth quarter of calendar year 2025 based on current operating plans and estimates. Management believes it is probable that the restructuring plan will be effectively implemented within the next twelve months and that the restructuring plan, when implemented, will mitigate the conditions that gave rise to substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Because the Company has sufficient resources on hand to fund operations through at least the next twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements were available to be issued, the substantial doubt has been alleviated. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in acquiring additional funding, that the Company’s projections of its future working capital needs will prove accurate, or that any additional funding would be sufficient to continue operations in future years.

The Company’s future liquidity and capital funding requirements will depend on numerous factors, including:

● its ability to raise additional funds to finance its operations;

● its ability to negotiate and consummate any transaction arising from its exploration of strategic alternatives;

● its ability to maintain compliance with the listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market;

● litigation expenses and the extent and amount of any indemnification claims;

● its ability to maintain, expand and defend the scope of its intellectual property portfolio, including the amount and timing of any payments the Company may be required to make, or that it may receive, in connection with the licensing, filing, prosecution, defense and enforcement of any patents or other intellectual property rights;

● its ability to retain its current employees and the need and ability to hire additional management;

● the trading price of its common stock; and

● its ability to increase the number of authorized shares outstanding to facilitate future financing events.

The Company will likely need to raise substantial additional funds through issuance of equity or debt or completion of a licensing transaction for one or more of the Company’s pipeline assets. If the Company is unable to maintain sufficient financial resources, its business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected. This could affect future development and business activities and potential future clinical studies and/or other future ventures. Failure to obtain additional equity or debt financing will have a material, adverse impact on the Company’s business operations. There can be no assurance that the Company will

be able to obtain the needed financing on acceptable terms or at all. Additionally, any equity financings will likely have a dilutive effect on the holdings of the Company’s existing stockholders.

Change in Year End

On April 21, 2023, the Board approved a change in the Company’s fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31, effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023 and ending December 31, 2023.  As a result of the change in year end, the Company filed on June 5, 2023 a Transition Report on Form 10-QT for the period from October 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022.  The Company’s 2023 fiscal year will run from January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023.

Reverse Stock Split

The Company effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its outstanding shares of common stock on June 14, 2023. The reverse stock split did not change the number of authorized shares of common stock or par value. All references in these condensed consolidated financial statements to shares, share prices, exercise prices, and other per share information in all periods have been adjusted, on a retroactive basis, to reflect the reverse stock split.

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Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

2.  Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended September 30, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on December 21, 2022. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated during the consolidation process. The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods presented reflect all adjustments, consisting of only normal, recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. The Company’s actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements relate to the valuation of stock-based compensation, the valuation of warrant liabilities and the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets resulting from net operating losses. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources.

The Company assesses and updates estimates each period to reflect current information, such as the considerations related to the impacts that the current economic environment could have on its significant accounting estimates. Actual results may differ materially and adversely from these estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and actual results, the Company’s future results of operations will be affected.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted net loss per share includes the dilutive effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as convertible debt, warrants and stock options that would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock. In computing the basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders, the weighted average number of shares remains the same for both calculations due to the fact that when a net loss exists, dilutive shares are not included in the calculation as the impact is anti-dilutive.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive:

	As of September 30,
	2023	2022
Common stock purchase options	196,485	381,469
Restricted stock units	11,110	—
Common stock purchase warrants	4,030,989	9,000
	4,238,584	390,469

Common Stock Warrant Liabilities

The Company has issued freestanding warrants to purchase shares of its common stock in connection with its financing activities and accounts for them in accordance with applicable accounting guidance as either liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreements. Warrants classified as liabilities are remeasured each period they are outstanding. Any resulting gain or loss related to the change in the fair value of the warrant liabilities is recognized in change in fair value of warrant liabilities, a component of other income (expense) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company estimates the fair value of common stock warrant liabilities using the Black-Scholes Model. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

Level 1 - defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2 - defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

Level 3 - defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its warrant liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2023:

	Fair Value Measurements
	as of September 30, 2023
	(Level 1)			(Level 2)		(Level 3)	Total
Liabilities
Warrant liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	3,428,601	$	3,428,601

The following assumptions were used in determining the fair value of the warrant liabilities as of September 30, 2023:

	As of September 30, 2023
Remaining contractual term (years)	1.3 - 5.3
Common stock price volatility	343.8%
Risk-free interest rate	4.60% - 5.25%
Expected dividend yield	—

The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Warrant
	Liabilities
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	—
Fair value of warrants issued		5,669,847
Change in fair value		(1,430,351)
Balance as of June 30, 2023		4,239,496
Change in fair value		(810,895)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	3,428,601

Assets Held for Sale

The Company classifies its long-lived assets to be sold as held for sale in the period (i) the Company has approved and committed to a plan to sell the asset, (ii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to sell the asset have been initiated, (iv) the sale of the asset is probable, (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, and (vi) it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company initially measures a long-lived asset that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value, less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a long-lived asset until the date of sale. Upon designation as an asset held for sale, the Company stops recording depreciation and amortization expense on the long-lived asset. The Company assesses the fair value of a long-lived asset, less any costs to sell, at each reporting period and until the asset is no longer classified as held for sale.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, “Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance,” which amends disclosures to increase transparency of government assistance, including (i) the types of assistance, (ii) accounting for the assistance and (iii) the effect of the assistance on an entity’s financial statements. The standard is effective for all business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021; therefore, it will be effective beginning with the Company’s financial statements issued for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. While the adoption of this guidance will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet or statement of operations, the adoption of this guidance may require additional annual disclosures in the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023, which the Company is currently in the process of assessing.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “ASC Subtopic 820 Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions” (“ASU 2022-03”). ASU 2022-03 amends ASC 820 to clarify that a contractual sales restriction is not considered in

measuring an equity security at fair value and to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value. ASU 2022-03 applies to both holders and issuers of equity and equity-linked securities measured at fair value. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). This guidance introduces a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 also provides updated guidance regarding the impairment of available-for-sale debt securities and includes additional disclosure requirements. The new guidance is effective for public business entities that meet the definition of a Smaller Reporting Company as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2023, with minimal impact upon adoption.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), to simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The FASB reduced the number of accounting models for convertible debt and convertible preferred stock instruments and made certain disclosure amendments to improve the information provided to users. In addition, the FASB amended the derivative guidance for the “own stock” scope exception and certain aspects of the EPS guidance. The Company adopted this new accounting guidance on a prospective basis on January 1, 2023, and the adoption did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

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Other Prepaid Expenses and Current Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Other Prepaid Expenses and Current Assets

Other Prepaid Expenses and Current Assets

3.  Other Prepaid Expenses and Current Assets

The Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	Unaudited		Unaudited
Prepaid research and development expense	$	—	$	67,027
Accounts receivable		—		150,000
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets		92,950		174,628
Total	$	92,950	$	391,655

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Equipment and Assets Held for Sale

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equipment and Assets Held for Sale

Equipment and Assets Held for Sale

4.  Equipment and Assets Held for Sale

The Company’s equipment and assets held for sale consisted of the following, after the effects of impairment charges and held-for-sale reclassifications:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	Unaudited		Unaudited
Laboratory equipment	$	—	$	3,048,579
Office equipment		259,979		259,978
Leasehold improvements		31,405		17,958
Total		291,384		3,326,515
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(211,719)		(1,392,415)
Equipment, net	$	79,665	$	1,934,100
Assets held for sale	$	429,140		—

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded impairment charges of $0.9 million in connection with its restructuring, see Note 8. Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

5.  Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The Company’s accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	Unaudited		Unaudited
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	87,359	$	171,572
Accrued consulting settlement		—		225,000
Accrued professional fees		120,845		241,808
Accrued research and development		—		20,684
Accrued franchise tax		29,680		217,440
Accrued restructuring		185,095		316,032
Other accrued expenses		39,207		35,120
Total	$	462,186	$	1,227,656

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Stockholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity

6.  Stockholders’ Equity

Equity Purchase Agreement

On December 28, 2022, the Company entered into a purchase agreement (the “Equity Purchase Agreement”) with Alumni Capital LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Alumni Capital”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell, and Alumni Capital agreed to purchase, upon request of the Company in one or more transactions, a number of shares of the Company’s common stock providing aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of up to $3,000,000 (subject to the right, but not the obligation, of the Company to increase such amount up to $10,000,000 pursuant to the terms of the Equity Purchase Agreement) (the “Maximum Investment Amount”). The Equity Purchase Agreement expires upon the earlier of the aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock meeting the Maximum Investment Amount or December 28, 2024.

Among other limitations, unless otherwise agreed upon by Alumni Capital, each individual sale of shares of common stock will be limited to a sale of shares of common stock of up to $500,000 (subject to the right of the Company and Alumni Capital to mutually agree to increase such figure to $1,000,000) and further limited to no more than the number of shares of common stock that would result in the direct or indirect beneficial ownership by Alumni Capital of more than 9.99% of the then-outstanding shares of common stock. Alumni Capital will purchase the shares of common stock under the Equity Purchase Agreement at the lowest traded price of the common stock during the three (3) business days immediately prior to the date of purchase of the shares of common stock multiplied by 95%.

Upon execution of the Equity Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 7,335 shares of common stock to Alumni Capital. The Company will issue to Alumni Capital, on December 28, 2023, shares of common stock in an amount equal to one-half of one percent (0.5%) of the Investment Amount (as defined in the Equity Purchase Agreement) divided by the closing price of the common stock on the third business day prior to the date of issuance and delivery of such shares of common stock. In addition, the Company will issue to Alumni Capital, on the date of expiration of the Equity Purchase Agreement, shares of common stock in an amount equal to one-half of one percent (0.5%) of the Investment Amount divided by the closing price of the common stock on the third business day prior to the date of issuance and delivery of such shares of common stock. If the Company elects to increase the Maximum Investment Amount, it shall issue to Alumni Capital Increase Commitment Shares (as defined in the Equity Purchase Agreement) (based on each increase of Investment Amount) within five (5) business days of the Company’s written notice of such election. The Company recorded the commitment shares issued and future commitment share obligation as additional paid-in capital during the three months ended December 31, 2022.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company has not sold any shares of common stock under the Equity Purchase Agreement.

Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placements

On June 28, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Registered Direct Purchase Agreement”) in connection with a registered direct offering (the “Registered Direct Offering”) and concurrent private placement with an institutional investor (the “Registered Direct Purchaser”). On June 28, 2023, the Company also entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “PIPE Purchase Agreement” and, together with the Registered Direct Purchase Agreement, the “Purchase Agreements”) and a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) in connection with a concurrent private placement (the “PIPE Private Placement”) with the same institutional investor (the “PIPE Purchaser” and, together with the Registered Direct Purchaser, the “Purchaser”).

Pursuant to the Registered Direct Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to offer and sell in the Registered Direct Offering 187,700 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), and pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 390,997 shares of Common Stock. The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.001 per share, are immediately exercisable and can be exercised at any time after their original issuance until such Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. Each share of Common Stock was sold at an offering price of $2.57 per share, and each Pre-Funded Warrant was sold at an offering price of $2.569, which is equal to the purchase price per share of Common Stock less $0.001.

Pursuant to the Registered Direct Purchase Agreement, in a concurrent private placement, the Company also agreed to issue to the Registered Direct Purchaser unregistered long-term warrants (the “RD Series A Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 578,697 shares of Common Stock and unregistered short-term warrants (the “RD Series B Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 578,697 shares of Common Stock. Each RD Series A Warrant has an exercise price of $2.32 per share, is exercisable immediately upon issuance, and will expire five and one-half years following the date of issuance. Each RD Series B Warrant has an exercise price of $2.32 per share, is exercisable immediately upon issuance, and will expire 18 months following the date of issuance.

Pursuant to the PIPE Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to offer and sell in the PIPE Private Placement unregistered pre-funded warrants (the “PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,366,829 shares of Common Stock, at an offering price of $2.569. The PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.001 per share, are immediately exercisable and can be exercised at any time after their original issuance until such PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. Pursuant to the PIPE Purchase Agreement, the Company also agreed to issue to the PIPE Purchaser unregistered long-term warrants to purchase up to 1,366,829 shares of Common Stock (the “PIPE Series A Warrants”) and unregistered short-term warrants to purchase up to 1,366,829 shares of Common Stock (the “PIPE Series B Warrants”). Each PIPE Series A Warrant has an exercise price of $2.32 per share, is exercisable immediately upon issuance, and will expire five and one-half years following the date of issuance. Each PIPE Series B Warrant has an exercise price of $2.32 per share, is exercisable immediately upon issuance, and will expire 18 months following the date of issuance.

The Company received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million from the Registered Direct Offering and PIPE Private Placement (collectively, the “Offerings”), before deducting placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.

Pursuant to an engagement letter, dated as of June 12, 2023, as amended on June 28, 2023 (as amended, the “Engagement Letter”), between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Placement Agent”), the Company agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash fee equal to 8.0% of the gross proceeds received from the Purchaser (including a 1.0% management fee) and also agreed to issue to the Placement Agent (or its designees) warrants (the “Placement Agent Warrants”) to purchase up to 136,187 shares of Common Stock (which represents 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock, Pre-Funded Warrants and PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants sold in the Offerings) on substantially the same terms as the PIPE Series A Warrants and the PIPE Series B Warrants except that the exercise price of the Placement Agent Warrants is $3.2125 (or 125% of the offering price per share of Common Stock in the Registered Direct Offering) and an expiration date of June 28, 2028, which is the five-year anniversary of the commencement of the sales pursuant to the Offerings. The Company also agreed to pay the Placement Agent in connection with the Offerings $75,000 for non-accountable expenses and $7,389 for clearing fees. Pursuant to the Engagement Letter, the Company also agreed that, upon exercise of any of the RD Series B Warrants or the PIPE Series B Warrants, the Company will pay the Placement Agent a cash fee equal to 8.0% of the gross proceeds received from the exercise of the RD Series B Warrants or the PIPE Series B Warrants (including a 1.0% management fee) and will also issue to the Placement Agent (or its designees) additional Placement Agent Warrants to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issued upon such exercise of the RD Series B Warrants or the PIPE Series B Warrants.

Warrants

Below is a summary of the Company’s issued and outstanding warrants as of September 30, 2023:

Expiration date		Exercise Price	Warrants Outstanding
September 20, 2024	$	130.00	3,750
December 30, 2024	$	2.32	1,945,526
June 28, 2028	$	3.21	136,187
January 2, 2029	$	2.32	1,945,526
			4,030,989

				Weighted-
				Average
		Weighted-		Remaining
		Average		Contractual
		Exercise		Life
	Warrants	Price		(in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	9,006	$	156.03
Issuances:
PIPE Series A Warrants	1,366,829		2.32
PIPE Series B Warrants	1,366,829		2.32
PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants	1,366,829		0.001
RD Series A Warrants	578,697		2.32
RD Series B Warrants	578,697		2.32
Pre-Funded Warrants	390,997		0.001
Placement Agent Warrants	136,187		3.21
Exercised:
PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants	(1,366,829)		0.001
Pre-Funded Warrants	(390,997)		0.001
Expired:	(5,256)		174.60
Outstanding as of September 30, 2023	4,030,989		2.47	3.3
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023	4,030,989	$	2.47	3.3

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

7.  Stock-Based Compensation

As of September 30, 2023, an aggregate of 366,924 shares of common stock were authorized under the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), subject to an “evergreen” provision that will automatically increase the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the term of the 2019 Plan. As of September 30, 2023, 155,994 shares of common stock were available for future grants under the 2019 Plan. As of September 30, 2023, an aggregate of 14,584 shares of common stock were authorized under the Company’s 2016 Consolidated Stock Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) and 13,334 shares of common stock were available for future grants under the 2016 Plan.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense (benefit) in the following expense categories of its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
General and administrative	$	(178,915)	$	428,571	$	302,817	$	1,490,667
Research and development		(113,428)		82,041		(33,459)		613,818
Total	$	(292,343)	$	510,612	$	269,358	$	2,104,485

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 includes the reversal of expense previously recognized of $0.4 million for unvested stock options that were forfeited during the period in connection with the Company’s restructuring, see Note 8.

Stock Options

Below is a table summarizing the options issued and outstanding as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

			Weighted-	Weighted-
			Average	Average	Total
			Exercise	Remaining	Aggregate
			Price Per	Contractual	Intrinsic
	Stock Options		Share	Life (in years)	Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	365,287	$	53.27
Granted	1,875		4.34
Exercised	(125,984)		0.02
Forfeited	(44,693)		66.51
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	196,485		83.93	4.81	$	—
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023	151,137	$	93.71	3.82	$	—

As of September 30, 2023, unrecognized compensation costs associated with the stock options of $0.6 million will be recognized over an estimated weighted average amortization period of 3.62 years.

The intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $3.21 and $23.31, respectively.

Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 included:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022
Expected term of options (years)	5.4 - 6.1	5.3 - 6.1
Expected common stock price volatility	82.3% - 85.2%	73.7% - 78.5%
Risk-free interest rate	3.5% - 4.0%	1.4% - 3.4%
Expected dividend yield	—	—

Restricted Stock Units

Below is a table summarizing the restricted stock units granted and outstanding as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

			Weighted-
			Average Grant
	Restricted Stock		Date Fair Value
	Units		Price
Unvested as of December 31, 2022		—	$	—
Granted		19,823		4.00
Forfeited		(8,713)		—
Unvested as of September 30, 2023		11,110		4.00
Total unrecognized expense remaining	$	30,208
Weighted-average years expected to be recognized over		3.4

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Restructuring and Impairment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Restructuring and Impairment

Restructuring and Impairment

8. Restructuring and Impairment

Restructuring and impairment charges consist of the following:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2023
Restructuring	$	365,483	$	372,210
Impairment		857,109		857,109
Total restructuring and impairment	$	1,222,592	$	1,229,319

Restructuring

Restructuring charges relate primarily to the Company’s strategic restructurings announced in October 2022 to expand its focus to include the advancement of the differentiated gene editing capabilities of its platform and the announcement in August 2023 to halt further development of the Company’s programs and to conduct a comprehensive exploration of strategic alternatives focused on maximizing shareholder value.

The following table summarizes activity in the Company’s restructuring-related liability during the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

			Restructuring		Payments/
			Charges		Utilization
	Liability at		(Nine Months Ended		(Nine Months Ended		Liability at
	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2023)		September 30, 2023)		September 30, 2023
Research and development contract termination costs	$	311,110	$	2,490	$	(313,600)	$	—
Employee termination benefits		—		369,630		(184,535)		185,095
Other		4,922		90		(5,012)		—
Total Accrued restructuring	$	316,032	$	372,210	$	(503,147)	$	185,095

Impairment

In August 2023, as a result of halting further development of the Company’s programs as discussed above, the Company committed to a plan to actively sell certain chemistry and biology lab equipment, and as a result classified such equipment as held for sale as current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The sale was completed in October 2023.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded long-lived impairment charges of $0.9 million, which reflects the difference between the carrying amount of the assets sold and their fair value, less costs to sell.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

9.  Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company has become involved in certain legal proceedings and claims which arise in the normal course of business. The Company believes that an adverse outcome is unlikely, and it cannot reasonably estimate the potential loss at this point. If an unfavorable ruling were to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations, prospects, cash flows, financial position and brand. Costs associated with the Company’s involvement in legal proceedings are expensed as incurred.

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

10.  Subsequent Events

As previously disclosed by the Company, on June 28, 2023, the Company entered into the PIPE Purchase Agreement with an institutional investor (the “Warrant Holder”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company issued to the Warrant Holder in a private placement on June 30, 2023: (i) a Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrant (the “PIPE Series A Warrant”) to purchase up to 1,366,829 shares of Common Stock, and (ii) a Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to 1,366,829 shares of Common Stock (the “PIPE Series B Warrant”). Also as previously disclosed by the Company, on June 28, 2023, the Company entered into the Registered Direct Purchase Agreement with the Warrant Holder, pursuant to which, among other things, the Company issued to the Warrant Holder in a private placement conducted concurrently with a registered direct offering on June 30, 2023: (i) a Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to 578,697 shares of Common Stock (the “RD Series A Warrant” and, together with the PIPE Series A Warrant, the “Series A Warrants”), and (ii) a Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to 578,697 shares of Common Stock (the “RD Series B Warrant” and, together with the PIPE Series B Warrant, the “Series B Warrants” and the Series B Warrants, together with the Series A Warrants, the “Warrants”).

On October 17, 2023, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with the Warrant Holder (the “Exchange Agreement”) relating to the repurchase of the Series B Warrants in exchange for a cash payment of $1,250,000.00 and the treatment of the Series A Warrants in the event the Company executes a definitive agreement (the “Definitive Agreement”) pursuant to which (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions agrees to effect any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another person (excluding a merger effected solely to change the Company’s name or domiciliation), (ii) the Company (or any subsidiary), directly or indirectly, agrees to effect any sale, lease, exclusive license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any direct or indirect purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another person) will be effected pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding Common Stock or more than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (excluding a stock split), or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions agrees to consummate a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another person or group of persons whereby such other person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or more than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the Company.

Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, the Company agreed that, effective as of the date the Company executes a Definitive Agreement (the “Execution Date”), in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration afforded by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Company will exchange all of the Series A Warrants then-held by the Warrant Holder for a new Series A-1 Common Stock Purchase Warrant (the “New Warrant”) to purchase such number of shares of Common Stock as is equal to the product of 110% multiplied by the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that are then-exercisable pursuant to the Series A Warrants then-held by the Warrant Holder (if any).

The New Warrant will have the same $2.32 per share exercise price of the Series A Warrants (subject to adjustment for recapitalizations, stock splits and similar transactions), will be exercisable commencing on the date of the closing of the transaction contemplated by the Definitive Agreement, and will expire on January 2, 2029, the same date as the expiration date of the Series A Warrants.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended September 30, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on December 21, 2022. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated during the consolidation process. The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods presented reflect all adjustments, consisting of only normal, recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. The Company’s actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements relate to the valuation of stock-based compensation, the valuation of warrant liabilities and the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets resulting from net operating losses. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources.

The Company assesses and updates estimates each period to reflect current information, such as the considerations related to the impacts that the current economic environment could have on its significant accounting estimates. Actual results may differ materially and adversely from these estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and actual results, the Company’s future results of operations will be affected.

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted net loss per share includes the dilutive effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as convertible debt, warrants and stock options that would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock. In computing the basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders, the weighted average number of shares remains the same for both calculations due to the fact that when a net loss exists, dilutive shares are not included in the calculation as the impact is anti-dilutive.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive:

	As of September 30,
	2023	2022
Common stock purchase options	196,485	381,469
Restricted stock units	11,110	—
Common stock purchase warrants	4,030,989	9,000
	4,238,584	390,469

Common Stock Warrant Liability

	As of September 30,
	2023	2022
Common stock purchase options	196,485	381,469
Restricted stock units	11,110	—
Common stock purchase warrants	4,030,989	9,000
	4,238,584	390,469

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

Level 1 - defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2 - defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

Level 3 - defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its warrant liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2023:

	Fair Value Measurements
	as of September 30, 2023
	(Level 1)			(Level 2)		(Level 3)	Total
Liabilities
Warrant liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	3,428,601	$	3,428,601

The following assumptions were used in determining the fair value of the warrant liabilities as of September 30, 2023:

	As of September 30, 2023
Remaining contractual term (years)	1.3 - 5.3
Common stock price volatility	343.8%
Risk-free interest rate	4.60% - 5.25%
Expected dividend yield	—

The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Warrant
	Liabilities
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	—
Fair value of warrants issued		5,669,847
Change in fair value		(1,430,351)
Balance as of June 30, 2023		4,239,496
Change in fair value		(810,895)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	3,428,601

Assets Held for Sale

Assets Held for Sale

The Company classifies its long-lived assets to be sold as held for sale in the period (i) the Company has approved and committed to a plan to sell the asset, (ii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to sell the asset have been initiated, (iv) the sale of the asset is probable, (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, and (vi) it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company initially measures a long-lived asset that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value, less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a long-lived asset until the date of sale. Upon designation as an asset held for sale, the Company stops recording depreciation and amortization expense on the long-lived asset. The Company assesses the fair value of a long-lived asset, less any costs to sell, at each reporting period and until the asset is no longer classified as held for sale.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, “Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance,” which amends disclosures to increase transparency of government assistance, including (i) the types of assistance, (ii) accounting for the assistance and (iii) the effect of the assistance on an entity’s financial statements. The standard is effective for all business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021; therefore, it will be effective beginning with the Company’s financial statements issued for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. While the adoption of this guidance will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet or statement of operations, the adoption of this guidance may require additional annual disclosures in the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023, which the Company is currently in the process of assessing.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “ASC Subtopic 820 Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions” (“ASU 2022-03”). ASU 2022-03 amends ASC 820 to clarify that a contractual sales restriction is not considered in

measuring an equity security at fair value and to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value. ASU 2022-03 applies to both holders and issuers of equity and equity-linked securities measured at fair value. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). This guidance introduces a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 also provides updated guidance regarding the impairment of available-for-sale debt securities and includes additional disclosure requirements. The new guidance is effective for public business entities that meet the definition of a Smaller Reporting Company as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2023, with minimal impact upon adoption.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), to simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The FASB reduced the number of accounting models for convertible debt and convertible preferred stock instruments and made certain disclosure amendments to improve the information provided to users. In addition, the FASB amended the derivative guidance for the “own stock” scope exception and certain aspects of the EPS guidance. The Company adopted this new accounting guidance on a prospective basis on January 1, 2023, and the adoption did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares

	As of September 30,
	2023	2022
Common stock purchase options	196,485	381,469
Restricted stock units	11,110	—
Common stock purchase warrants	4,030,989	9,000
	4,238,584	390,469

Schedule of warrant liabilities were measured at fair value on a recurring basis

	Fair Value Measurements
	as of September 30, 2023
	(Level 1)			(Level 2)		(Level 3)	Total
Liabilities
Warrant liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	3,428,601	$	3,428,601

Schedule of assumptions were used in determining the fair value of the warrant liabilities

	As of September 30, 2023
Remaining contractual term (years)	1.3 - 5.3
Common stock price volatility	343.8%
Risk-free interest rate	4.60% - 5.25%
Expected dividend yield	—

Schedule of change in fair value of the warrant liabilities

	Warrant
	Liabilities
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	—
Fair value of warrants issued		5,669,847
Change in fair value		(1,430,351)
Balance as of June 30, 2023		4,239,496
Change in fair value		(810,895)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	3,428,601

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Other Prepaid Expenses and Current Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Other Prepaid Expenses and Current Assets

Schedule of prepaid expenses and other current assets

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	Unaudited		Unaudited
Prepaid research and development expense	$	—	$	67,027
Accounts receivable		—		150,000
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets		92,950		174,628
Total	$	92,950	$	391,655

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Equipment and Assets Held for Sale (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equipment and Assets Held for Sale

Schedule of equipment and assets held for sale

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	Unaudited		Unaudited
Laboratory equipment	$	—	$	3,048,579
Office equipment		259,979		259,978
Leasehold improvements		31,405		17,958
Total		291,384		3,326,515
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(211,719)		(1,392,415)
Equipment, net	$	79,665	$	1,934,100
Assets held for sale	$	429,140		—

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	Unaudited		Unaudited
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	87,359	$	171,572
Accrued consulting settlement		—		225,000
Accrued professional fees		120,845		241,808
Accrued research and development		—		20,684
Accrued franchise tax		29,680		217,440
Accrued restructuring		185,095		316,032
Other accrued expenses		39,207		35,120
Total	$	462,186	$	1,227,656

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Stockholders' Equity

Schedule of warrants issued and outstanding

Expiration date		Exercise Price	Warrants Outstanding
September 20, 2024	$	130.00	3,750
December 30, 2024	$	2.32	1,945,526
June 28, 2028	$	3.21	136,187
January 2, 2029	$	2.32	1,945,526
			4,030,989

				Weighted-
				Average
		Weighted-		Remaining
		Average		Contractual
		Exercise		Life
	Warrants	Price		(in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	9,006	$	156.03
Issuances:
PIPE Series A Warrants	1,366,829		2.32
PIPE Series B Warrants	1,366,829		2.32
PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants	1,366,829		0.001
RD Series A Warrants	578,697		2.32
RD Series B Warrants	578,697		2.32
Pre-Funded Warrants	390,997		0.001
Placement Agent Warrants	136,187		3.21
Exercised:
PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants	(1,366,829)		0.001
Pre-Funded Warrants	(390,997)		0.001
Expired:	(5,256)		174.60
Outstanding as of September 30, 2023	4,030,989		2.47	3.3
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023	4,030,989	$	2.47	3.3

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Stock-Based Compensation

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
General and administrative	$	(178,915)	$	428,571	$	302,817	$	1,490,667
Research and development		(113,428)		82,041		(33,459)		613,818
Total	$	(292,343)	$	510,612	$	269,358	$	2,104,485

Schedule of stock options issued and outstanding

			Weighted-	Weighted-
			Average	Average	Total
			Exercise	Remaining	Aggregate
			Price Per	Contractual	Intrinsic
	Stock Options		Share	Life (in years)	Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	365,287	$	53.27
Granted	1,875		4.34
Exercised	(125,984)		0.02
Forfeited	(44,693)		66.51
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	196,485		83.93	4.81	$	—
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023	151,137	$	93.71	3.82	$	—

Schedule of key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock options granted

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022
Expected term of options (years)	5.4 - 6.1	5.3 - 6.1
Expected common stock price volatility	82.3% - 85.2%	73.7% - 78.5%
Risk-free interest rate	3.5% - 4.0%	1.4% - 3.4%
Expected dividend yield	—	—

Schedule of changes in the outstanding restricted stock

			Weighted-
			Average Grant
	Restricted Stock		Date Fair Value
	Units		Price
Unvested as of December 31, 2022		—	$	—
Granted		19,823		4.00
Forfeited		(8,713)		—
Unvested as of September 30, 2023		11,110		4.00
Total unrecognized expense remaining	$	30,208
Weighted-average years expected to be recognized over		3.4

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Restructuring and Impairment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Restructuring and Impairment

Schedule of restructuring and impairment charges

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2023
Restructuring	$	365,483	$	372,210
Impairment		857,109		857,109
Total restructuring and impairment	$	1,222,592	$	1,229,319

Summary of company's restructuring-related liability

			Restructuring		Payments/
			Charges		Utilization
	Liability at		(Nine Months Ended		(Nine Months Ended		Liability at
	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2023)		September 30, 2023)		September 30, 2023
Research and development contract termination costs	$	311,110	$	2,490	$	(313,600)	$	—
Employee termination benefits		—		369,630		(184,535)		185,095
Other		4,922		90		(5,012)		—
Total Accrued restructuring	$	316,032	$	372,210	$	(503,147)	$	185,095

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Organization, Description of Business and Liquidity (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Description of Business and Liquidity
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 12,570,359		$ 12,570,359		$ 17,386,326
Loss from operations	(2,813,176)	$ (7,723,381)	(10,665,409)	$ (26,013,372)
Private NeuBase
Organization, Description of Business and Liquidity
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 12,600,000		12,600,000
Loss from operations			(10,700,000)
Net cash used in operating activities			$ (9,100,000)

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Organization, Description of Business and Liquidity - Reverse Stock Split (Details)	Jun. 14, 2023
Organization, Description of Business and Liquidity
Reverse stock split	0.05

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Significant Accounting Policies - Potentially dilutive securities outstanding (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Significant Accounting Policies
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per common share	4,238,584	390,469
Common stock purchase options
Significant Accounting Policies
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per common share	196,485	381,469
Restricted stock units
Significant Accounting Policies
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per common share	11,110
Common stock purchase warrants
Significant Accounting Policies
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per common share	4,030,989	9,000

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Significant Account Policies - Fair Value Measurements (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Liabilities
Warrants, Fair Value			$ 3,428,601
Change in fair value of the warrant liabilities
Fair value at the beginning	$ 4,239,496
Fair value of warrants issued		$ 5,669,847
Change in fair value	(810,895)	(1,430,351)
Fair value at the end	$ 3,428,601	$ 4,239,496	3,428,601
Level 3
Liabilities
Warrants, Fair Value			$ 3,428,601
Remaining contractual term (years) | Minimum [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Liabilities
Warrants and Rights Outstanding, Measurement Input	1.3		1.3
Remaining contractual term (years) | Maximum [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Liabilities
Warrants and Rights Outstanding, Measurement Input	5.3		5.3
Common stock price volatility | Minimum [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Liabilities
Warrants and Rights Outstanding, Measurement Input	343.8		343.8
Risk-free interest rate | Minimum [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Liabilities
Warrants and Rights Outstanding, Measurement Input	4.60		4.60
Risk-free interest rate | Maximum [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Liabilities
Warrants and Rights Outstanding, Measurement Input	5.25		5.25

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Other Prepaid Expenses and Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Prepaid Expenses and Current Assets
Prepaid research and development expense		$ 67,027
Accounts receivable		150,000
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 92,950	174,628
Total	$ 92,950	$ 391,655

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Equipment and Assets Held for Sale (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Equipment and Assets Held for Sale
Equipment, gross	$ 291,384		$ 291,384		$ 3,326,515
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(211,719)		(211,719)		(1,392,415)
Equipment, net	79,665		79,665		1,934,100
Assets held for sale	429,140		429,140		0
Impairment charges	857,109		857,109	$ 0
Depreciation	100,000	$ 200,000	500,000	$ 600,000
Laboratory equipment
Equipment and Assets Held for Sale
Equipment, gross					3,048,579
Office equipment
Equipment and Assets Held for Sale
Equipment, gross	259,979		259,979		259,978
Leasehold improvements
Equipment and Assets Held for Sale
Equipment, gross	$ 31,405		$ 31,405		$ 17,958

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued compensation and benefits	$ 87,359	$ 171,572
Accrued consulting settlement		225,000
Accrued professional fees	120,845	241,808
Accrued research and development		20,684
Accrued franchise tax	29,680	217,440
Accrued restructuring	185,095	316,032
Other accrued expenses	39,207	35,120
Total	$ 462,186	$ 1,227,656

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Stockholders' Equity - Warrants issued and outstanding (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 28, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 28, 2023
Warrants
Warrants, outstanding at the beginning of the period			9,006
Warrants, expired			(5,256)
Warrants, outstanding at the end of the period			4,030,989
Warrants, Exercisable at the end of the period			4,030,989
Weighted-average exercise price, outstanding at the beginning of the period			$ 156.03
Weighted-average exercise price, expired			174.60
Weighted-average exercise price, outstanding at the end of the period			2.47
Weighted-average exercise price, exercisable at the end of the period			$ 2.47
Weighted-average remaining contractual life, outstanding at the end of the period			3 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted-average remaining contractual life, exercisable at the end of the period			3 years 3 months 18 days
Stock issued during period value new issues		$ 19
Common Stock
Warrants
Stock issued during period value new issues		$ 19
Stock issued during period, shares, new issues		187,700
Equity Purchase Agreement
Warrants
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	$ 3,000,000
Equity purchase agreement number of business days			5 days
Equity Purchase Agreement | Common Stock
Warrants
Stock issued during period value new issues	$ 500,000
Stock issued during period, shares, new issues	7,335
Percentage of common stock held in investment	0.50%
Stock price multiplier (as a percent)	95.00%
Equity purchase agreement before purchase on common stock			3 days
Equity Purchase Agreement | Maximum
Warrants
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	$ 10,000,000
Equity Purchase Agreement | Maximum | Common Stock
Warrants
Stock issued during period value new issues	$ 1,000,000
Beneficial ownership of common stock (as a percent)	9.99%
September 20, 2024
Warrants
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)			$ 130.00
Warrants, outstanding at the end of the period			3,750
December 30, 2024
Warrants
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)			$ 2.32
Warrants, outstanding at the end of the period			1,945,526
June 28, 2028
Warrants
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)			$ 3.21
Warrants, outstanding at the end of the period			136,187
January 2, 2029
Warrants
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)			$ 2.32
Warrants, outstanding at the end of the period			1,945,526
Pre-Funded Warrants
Warrants
Warrants, issued			390,997
Warrants, exercised			(390,997)
Weighted average exercise price, exercised			$ 0.001
Weighted average exercise price, Issued			$ 0.001
RD Series A Warrants
Warrants
Warrants, issued			578,697
Weighted average exercise price, Issued			$ 2.32
RD Series B Warrants
Warrants
Warrants, issued			578,697
Weighted average exercise price, Issued			$ 2.32
PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants
Warrants
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)				$ 0.001
Warrants, issued			1,366,829
Warrants, exercised			(1,366,829)
Weighted average exercise price, exercised			$ 0.001
Weighted average exercise price, Issued			$ 0.001
PIPE Series A Warrants
Warrants
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)				2.32
Warrants, issued			1,366,829
Weighted average exercise price, Issued			$ 2.32
PIPE Series B Warrants
Warrants
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)				$ 2.32
Warrants, issued			1,366,829
Weighted average exercise price, Issued			$ 2.32
Placement Agent Warrants
Warrants
Warrants, issued			136,187
Weighted average exercise price, Issued			$ 3.21

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Stockholders' Equity - Direct Offering and Private Placements (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Jun. 28, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)			$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase	1,366,829
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Offering price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.569
PIPE Series A Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase	1,366,829
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 2.32
Term of issuance	5 years 6 months
PIPE Series B Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase	1,366,829
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 2.32
Term of issuance	18 months
Placement Agent Warrants | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Clearing fees	$ 7,389
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares, new issues		187,700
Registered Direct Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock purchase price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Registered Direct Offering | Pre-Funded Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase	390,997
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Offering price sold per share (in dollars per share)	$ 2.569
Registered Direct Offering | Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares, new issues	187,700
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Offering price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.57
Private Placements | RD Series A Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase	578,697
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 2.32
Term of issuance	5 years 6 months
Private Placements | RD Series B Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase	578,697
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 2.32
Term of issuance	18 months
Offerings
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from private placement	$ 5,000,000.0
Placement Agent | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of cash fee on gross proceeds	8.00%
Percentage of management fee	1.00%
Non-accountable expenses	$ 75,000
Percentage of aggregate number of shares of common stock issued	7.00%
Placement Agent | Placement Agent Warrants | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase	136,187
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 3.2125
Term of issuance	5 years
Percentage of aggregate number of shares of common stock and warrants	7.00%
Percentage of offering price	125.00%

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-based compensation expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Stock-Based Compensation
Total stock based compensation	$ (292,343)	$ 510,612	$ 269,358	$ 2,104,485
General and administrative
Stock-Based Compensation
Total stock based compensation	(178,915)	428,571	302,817	1,490,667
Research and development
Stock-Based Compensation
Total stock based compensation	$ (113,428)	$ 82,041	$ (33,459)	$ 613,818

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock options (Details) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Stock Options
Outstanding, Beginning balance	365,287
Granted	1,875
Exercised	(125,984)
Forfeited	(44,693)
Outstanding, Ending balance	196,485
Exercisable	151,137
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, Beginning balance	$ 53.27
Granted	4.34
Exercised	0.02
Forfeited	66.51
Outstanding, Ending balance	83.93
Exercisable	$ 93.71
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) and Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding	4 years 9 months 21 days
Exercisable	3 years 9 months 25 days

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Stock-Based Compensation - Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock options granted (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock options granted
Expected common stock price volatility, minimum	82.30%	73.70%
Expected common stock price volatility, maximum	85.20%	78.50%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	3.50%	1.40%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	4.00%	3.40%
Minimum
Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock options granted
Expected term of options (years)	5 years 4 months 24 days	5 years 3 months 18 days
Maximum
Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock options granted
Expected term of options (years)	6 years 1 month 6 days	6 years 1 month 6 days

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Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Units (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Restricted Stock Units
Weighted-average years expected to be recognized over	3 years 7 months 13 days
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Price
Granted	$ 3.21	$ 23.31
Restricted stock units
Restricted Stock Units
Granted	19,823
Forfeited	(8,713)
Unvested, Ending balance	11,110
Total unrecognized expense remaining	$ 30,208
Weighted-average years expected to be recognized over	3 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Price
Granted	$ 4.00
Unvested, Ending balance	$ 4.00

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Stock-Based Compensation - Additional information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation includes reversal of expense	$ 0.4
Unrecognized compensation costs	$ 0.6
Weighted-average amortization period	3 years 7 months 13 days
Intrinsic value of stock options exercised	$ 0.3	$ 0.3
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted	$ 3.21	$ 23.31
2016 Plan
Stock-Based Compensation
Number of common stock authorized	14,584
Common shares were available for future grants	13,334
2019 Plan
Stock-Based Compensation
Number of common stock authorized	366,924
Common shares were available for future grants	155,994

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Restructuring and Impairment (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Restructuring and Impairment
Restructuring	$ 365,483		$ 372,210
Impairment	857,109		857,109	$ 0
Total restructuring and impairment	1,222,592	$ 0	1,229,319	0
Impairment charges	$ 857,109		$ 857,109	$ 0

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Restructuring and Impairment - Summarizes of Company's restructuring-related liability (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Restructuring and Impairment
Accrued restructuring Liability, Beginning balance	$ 316,032
Restructuring Charges	372,210
Payments/Utilization	(503,147)
Accrued restructuring Liability, Ending balance	185,095
Research and development contract termination costs
Restructuring and Impairment
Accrued restructuring Liability, Beginning balance	311,110
Restructuring Charges	2,490
Payments/Utilization	(313,600)
Accrued restructuring Liability, Ending balance	0
Employee termination benefits
Restructuring and Impairment
Accrued restructuring Liability, Beginning balance	0
Restructuring Charges	369,630
Payments/Utilization	(184,535)
Accrued restructuring Liability, Ending balance	185,095
Other
Restructuring and Impairment
Accrued restructuring Liability, Beginning balance	4,922
Restructuring Charges	90
Payments/Utilization	(5,012)
Accrued restructuring Liability, Ending balance	$ 0

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 17, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 28, 2023
PIPE Series A Warrants
Subsequent Events
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase			1,366,829
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)			$ 2.32
PIPE Series A Warrants | PIPE Purchase Agreement
Subsequent Events
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase		1,366,829
PIPE Series B Warrants
Subsequent Events
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase			1,366,829
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)			$ 2.32
PIPE Series B Warrants | PIPE Purchase Agreement
Subsequent Events
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase		1,366,829
RD Series A Warrants | Registered Direct Purchase Agreement
Subsequent Events
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase		578,697
RD Series B Warrants | Registered Direct Purchase Agreement
Subsequent Events
Aggregate number of common stock to purchase		578,697
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Events
Repurchase of warrants in the event of acceptance by shareholders on outstanding common stock percentage	50.00%
Repurchase of warrants in the event of acceptance by shareholders on voting power of common equity	50.00%
Subsequent Event | Series B Warrants
Subsequent Events
Cash payment on repurchase of warrant	$ 1,250,000.00
Subsequent Event | New Warrant
Subsequent Events
Percentage on number of shares of common stock then exercisable held by warrant holder	110.00%
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 2.32