EX-13.1 2 dex131.htm CARMAX'S ANNUAL REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED CarMax's Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

(Dollars in millions except per share data)

  FY06   FY05     FY04   FY03   FY02   FY01   FY00     FY99     FY98     FY97  

Net sales and operating revenues

  $ 6,260.0   $ 5,260.3     $ 4,597.7   $ 3,969.9   $ 3,533.8   $ 2,758.5   $ 2,201.2     $ 1,607.3     $ 950.7     $ 566.7  

Net earnings (loss)

  $ 148.1   $ 112.9     $ 116.5   $ 94.8   $ 90.8   $ 45.6   $ 1.1     $ (23.5 )   $ (34.2 )   $ (9.3 )

Net earnings (loss) per share:

                   

Basic

  $ 1.41   $ 1.09     $ 1.13   $ 0.92   $ 0.89   $ 0.45   $ 0.01     $ (0.24 )   $ (0.35 )   $ (0.10 )

Diluted

  $ 1.39   $ 1.07     $ 1.10   $ 0.91   $ 0.87   $ 0.44   $ 0.01     $ (0.24 )   $ (0.35 )   $ (0.10 )

Total assets

  $ 1,489.2   $ 1,293.0     $ 1,047.9   $ 917.6   $ 720.2   $ 711.0   $ 675.5     $ 571.2     $ 448.3     $ 427.2  

Long-term debt, excluding current portion

  $ 134.8   $ 128.4     $ 100.0   $ 100.0   $ —     $ 83.1   $ 121.3     $ 139.7     $ 27.4     $ —    

Used vehicle units sold

    289,888     253,168       224,099     190,135     164,062     132,868     111,247       96,915       56,594       31,701  

New vehicle units sold

    20,901     20,636       21,641     22,360     24,164     20,157     17,775       6,152       4,265       2,799  

Wholesale vehicle units sold

    179,548     155,393       127,168     104,593     90,937     73,323     58,452       46,784       24,475       15,252  

Percent changes in:

                   

Comparable store used vehicle unit sales

    4     1       6     8     24     13     (8 )     (5 )     6       7  

Total used vehicle unit sales

    15     13       18     16     23     19     15       71       79       62  

Total net sales and operating revenues

    19     14       16     12     28     25     37       69       68       73  

Diluted net earnings (loss) per share

    30     (3 )     21     5     98     4,300     104       31       (250 )     nm  

Used car superstores at year-end

    67     58       49     40     35     33     33       29       18       7  

Retail stores at year-end

    71     61       52     44     40     40     40       31       18       7  

Associates at year-end

    11,712     10,815       9,355     8,263     7,196     6,065     5,676       4,789       3,605       1,614  

nm = not meaningful. The initial public offering of CarMax stock occurred in 1997.

 

CARMAX 2006 17


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the financial performance of CarMax, Inc. MD&A is presented in eight sections: Business Overview; Critical Accounting Policies; Results of Operations; Operations Outlook; Recent Accounting Pronouncements; Financial Condition; Market Risk; and Cautionary Information About Forward-Looking Statements. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes contained elsewhere in this annual report.

In MD&A, “we,” “our,” “us,” “CarMax,” “CarMax, Inc.,” and “the company” refer to CarMax, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise. Amounts and percentages in tables may not total due to rounding.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

General

CarMax is the nation’s largest retailer of used vehicles. We pioneered the used car superstore concept, opening our first store in 1993. Over the next six years, we opened an additional 32 used car superstores before suspending new store development to focus on improving sales and profits. After a period of concept refinement and execution improvement, we resumed opening new stores at the end of fiscal 2002. At February 28, 2006, we had 67 used car superstores in 31 markets, including 23 mid-sized markets and 8 large markets. We initially defined mid-sized markets as those with television viewing populations generally between 1 million and 2.5 million people. As we have refined our operations and market data, we now believe a more appropriate definition of a mid-sized market is one with a television viewing population generally between 600,000 and 2.5 million people. During fiscal 2006, we also operated seven new car franchises, all of which were integrated or co-located with our used car superstores. In fiscal 2006, we sold 289,888 used cars, representing 93% of the total 310,789 vehicles the company sold at retail.

We believe the CarMax consumer offer is unique in the automobile retailing marketplace. Our offer gives consumers a way to shop for cars in the same manner that they shop for items at other “big box” retailers. Our consumer offer is structured around four core equities: low, no-haggle prices; a broad selection; high quality; and customer-friendly service. Our website, carmax.com, is a valuable tool for communicating the CarMax consumer offer, a sophisticated search engine, and an efficient sales channel for customers who prefer to complete part of the shopping and sales process online. We generate revenues, income, and cash flows primarily by retailing used vehicles and associated items including vehicle financing, extended service plans, and vehicle repair service. A majority of the used vehicles we sell at retail are purchased directly from consumers. Vehicles purchased through our appraisal process that do not meet our retail standards are sold at on-site wholesale auctions.

Wholesale auctions are conducted at the majority of our superstores and are held on a weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly basis. On average, the vehicles we wholesale are approximately 10 years old and have more than 100,000 miles. Participation in our wholesale auctions is restricted to licensed automobile dealers, the majority of whom are independent dealers.

CarMax provides prime-rated financing to qualified customers through CarMax Auto Finance (“CAF”), the company’s finance operation, and Bank of America. Nonprime financing is provided through several third-party lenders, and subprime financing is provided through a third-party lender under a program rolled out near the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2005. We periodically test additional third-party lenders. CarMax has no recourse liability for loans provided by third-party lenders. Having our own finance operation allows us to limit the risk of relying on third-party finance sources, while also allowing us to capture additional profit and cash flows. The majority of CAF’s profit contribution is generated by the spread between the interest rates charged to customers and our cost of funds. We collect fixed, prenegotiated fees from the third parties that finance prime- and nonprime-rated customers. As is customary in the subprime finance industry, the subprime lender purchases the loans at a discount.

 

CARMAX 2006 18


We sell extended service plans on behalf of unrelated third parties who are the primary obligors. We have no contractual liability to the customer under these third-party service plans. Extended service plan revenue represents commissions from the unrelated third parties.

We are still at a relatively early stage in the national rollout of our retail concept. We believe the primary driver for future earnings growth will be vehicle unit sales growth from comparable store sales increases and from geographic expansion. We target a similar dollar amount of gross profit per used unit, regardless of retail price. Used unit sales growth is our primary focus. We plan to open used car superstores at a rate of approximately 15% to 20% of our used car superstore base each year. In fiscal 2007, we plan to focus our store growth primarily on adding standard superstores in new mid-sized markets and satellite fill-in superstores in established markets. After fiscal 2007, we expect to resume store growth in new large markets. For the foreseeable future, we expect used unit comparable store sales increases to average in the range of 4% to 8%, reflecting the multi-year ramp in sales at newly opened stores as they mature and continued market share gains at stores that have reached basic maturity sales levels, which generally occurs in a store’s fifth year of operation.

The principal challenges we face in expanding our store base include our ability to build our management bench strength to support the store growth and our ability to procure suitable real estate at reasonable costs.

We staff each newly opened store with an experienced management team, generally including a location general manager, operations manager, purchasing manager, and business office manager, as well as a number of experienced sales managers and buyers. We must therefore continually recruit, train, and develop managers and associates to fill the pipeline necessary to support future store openings. If at any time we believed that the rate of store growth was causing our performance to falter, we would consider slowing the growth rate.

Fiscal 2006 Highlights

 

    Net sales and operating revenues increased 19% to $6.26 billion from $5.26 billion in fiscal 2005, and net earnings increased 31% to $148.1 million, or $1.39 per share, from $112.9 million, or $1.07 per share.

 

    Total used vehicle unit sales increased 15%, reflecting the combination of the growth in our store base and a 4% increase in comparable store used unit sales.

 

    We opened nine used car superstores in fiscal 2006, including four standard superstores in new markets and one standard and four satellite superstores in existing markets. Two of the superstore openings were in Los Angeles, bringing our presence in this large market to five superstores and giving us the critical mass to commence television advertising in this market.

 

    Our total gross profit per unit increased to $2,544 from $2,375 in fiscal 2005. Compared with the prior year, used vehicle gross profit per unit was similar, and wholesale vehicle gross profit per unit increased substantially. The wholesale gross profit benefited from the exceptionally strong wholesale pricing environment, particularly in the second half of the fiscal year, and the success of our in-store appraisal strategy.

 

    CAF income increased 26% to $104.3 million from $82.7 million in fiscal 2005, reflecting the growth in retail vehicle sales and managed receivables. CAF income included a benefit of $0.09 per share for favorable items, primarily valuation adjustments to the retained interest, in fiscal 2006, compared with a benefit of $0.02 per share in fiscal 2005.

 

    Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percent of net sales and operating revenues (the “SG&A ratio”) was 10.4% in both fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2005. The moderate rate of increase in comparable store used unit sales was not sufficient to provide SG&A leverage. The increase in the percentage of our store base that is comprised of stores not yet at basic maturity, the launch of market-wide television advertising in Los Angeles, and the lower-than-normal corporate bonus expense in fiscal 2005 were also factors precluding SG&A leverage. Stores generally have higher SG&A ratios during their first four years of operation.

 

    Net cash provided by operations increased to $122.3 million from $45.7 million in fiscal 2005, reflecting the improved net earnings and changes in working capital.

 

CARMAX 2006 19


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our results of operations and financial condition as reflected in the company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We use our historical experience and other relevant factors when developing our estimates and assumptions. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions. Note 2 to the company’s consolidated financial statements includes a discussion of significant accounting policies. The accounting policies discussed below are the ones we consider critical to an understanding of the company’s consolidated financial statements because their application places the most significant demands on our judgment. Our financial results might have been different if different assumptions had been used or other conditions had prevailed.

Securitization Transactions

We use a securitization program to fund substantially all of the automobile loan receivables originated by CAF. The securitization transactions are accounted for as sales in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities.” A gain, recorded at the time of the securitization transaction, results from recording a receivable approximately equal to the present value of the expected residual cash flows generated by the securitized receivables. The fair value of our retained interest includes the present value of the expected residual cash flows generated by the securitized receivables, various reserve accounts, and an undivided ownership interest in securitized receivables.

The present value of the expected residual cash flows generated by the securitized receivables is determined by estimating the future cash flows using management’s assumptions of key factors, such as finance charge income, default rates, prepayment rates, and discount rates appropriate for the type of asset and risk. These assumptions are derived from historical experience and projected economic trends. Adjustments to one or more of these assumptions may have a material impact on the fair value of the retained interest. The fair value of the retained interest may also be affected by external factors, such as changes in the behavior patterns of customers, changes in the economy, and developments in the interest rate markets. Note 2(C) to the company’s consolidated financial statements includes a discussion of accounting policies related to securitizations. Note 4 to the company’s consolidated financial statements includes a discussion of securitizations and provides a sensitivity analysis showing the hypothetical effect on the retained interest if there were variations from the assumptions used. In addition, see the “CarMax Auto Finance Income” section of this MD&A for a discussion of the impact of changing our assumptions.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when the earnings process is complete, generally either at the time of sale to a customer or upon delivery to a customer. The majority of our revenue is generated from the sale of used vehicles. We recognize vehicle revenue when a sales contract has been executed and the vehicle has been delivered, net of a reserve for returns under our 5-day, money-back guarantee. A reserve for vehicle returns is recorded based on historical experience and trends.

We also sell extended service plans on behalf of unrelated third parties to customers who purchase a vehicle. Because these third parties are the primary obligors under these programs, we recognize commission revenue on the extended service plans at the time of the sale, net of a reserve for estimated service plan returns. The estimated reserve for returns is based on historical experience and trends.

The estimated reserves for returns could be affected if future vehicle or service plan return occurrences differ from historical averages.

Income Taxes

Estimates and judgments are used in the calculation of certain tax liabilities and in the determination of the recoverability of certain of the deferred tax assets. In the ordinary course of business, transactions occur for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain at the time of the transactions. We adjust our income tax provision in the period in which we determine that it is probable that our actual results will differ from our estimates. Tax law and rate changes are reflected in the income tax provision in the period in which such changes are enacted.

 

CARMAX 2006 20


We evaluate the need to record valuation allowances that would reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. When assessing the need for valuation allowances, we consider future reversals of existing temporary differences and future taxable income. We believe that all of our recorded deferred tax assets as of February 28, 2006, will more likely than not be realized. However, if a change in circumstances results in a change in our ability to realize our deferred tax assets, our tax provision would increase in the period when the change in circumstances occurs.

In addition, the calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. We recognize potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payments of these amounts ultimately prove to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If our estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result in the period of determination.

Information regarding income taxes is presented in Note 7 to the company’s consolidated financial statements.

Defined Benefit Retirement Plan

The plan obligations and related assets of our defined benefit retirement plan are presented in Note 8 to the company’s consolidated financial statements. Plan assets, which consist primarily of marketable equity and debt instruments, are valued using current market quotations. Plan obligations and the annual pension expense are determined by independent actuaries using a number of assumptions provided by the company. Key assumptions used to measure the plan obligations include the discount rate, the estimated rate of salary increases, and the estimated future return on plan assets. In determining the discount rate, we use the current yield on high-quality, fixed-income investments that have maturities corresponding to the anticipated timing of the benefit payments. Salary increase assumptions are based upon historical experience and anticipated future board and management actions. Asset returns are estimated based upon the anticipated average yield on the plan assets. We do not believe that any significant changes in assumptions used to measure the plan obligations are likely to occur that would have a material impact on the company’s financial position or results of operations.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

NET SALES AND OPERATING REVENUES

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29

(In millions)

   2006    %    2005    %    2004    %

Used vehicle sales

   $ 4,771.3    76.2    $ 3,997.2    76.0    $ 3,470.6    75.5

New vehicle sales

     502.8    8.0      492.1    9.4      515.4    11.2

Wholesale vehicle sales

     778.3    12.4      589.7    11.2      440.6    9.6

Other sales and revenues:

                 

Extended service plan revenues

     97.9    1.6      84.6    1.6      77.1    1.7

Service department sales

     93.4    1.5      82.3    1.6      69.1    1.5

Third-party finance fees, net

     16.3    0.3      14.4    0.3      19.6    0.4

Appraisal purchase processing fees

     —      —        —      —        5.3    0.1
                                   

Total other sales and revenues

     207.6    3.3      181.3    3.4      171.1    3.7
                                   

Total net sales and operating revenues

   $ 6,260.0    100.0    $ 5,260.3    100.0    $ 4,597.7    100.0
                                   

 

CARMAX 2006 21


RETAIL VEHICLE SALES CHANGES

 

     Years Ended
February 28 or 29
 
     2006     2005     2004  

Vehicle units:

      

Used vehicles

   15 %   13 %   18 %

New vehicles

   1 %   (5 )%   (3 )%

Total

   14 %   11 %   16 %

Vehicle dollars:

      

Used vehicles

   19 %   15 %   19 %

New vehicles

   2 %   (5 )%   (1 )%

Total

   17 %   13 %   16 %

Comparable store used unit sales growth is one of the key drivers of our profitability. A CarMax store is included in comparable store sales beginning in the store’s fourteenth full month of operation.

COMPARABLE STORE RETAIL VEHICLE SALES CHANGES

 

     Years Ended
February 28 or 29
 
     2006     2005     2004  

Vehicle units:

      

Used vehicles

   4 %   1 %   6 %

New vehicles

   1 %   8 %   (1 )%

Total

   4 %   1 %   5 %

Vehicle dollars:

      

Used vehicles

   8 %   3 %   7 %

New vehicles

   1 %   8 %   1 %

Total

   8 %   3 %   6 %

CHANGE IN USED CAR SUPERSTORE BASE

 

     Years Ended
February 28 or 29
 
     2006     2005     2004  

Used car superstores, beginning of year

   58     49     40  

Superstore openings:

      

Standard superstores

   5     5     5  

Satellite superstores

   4     4     4  
                  

Total superstore openings

   9     9     9  
                  

Used car superstores, end of year

   67     58     49  
                  

Openings as a percent of the beginning-of-year store base

   16 %   18 %   23 %

 

CARMAX 2006 22


Used Vehicle Sales

Fiscal 2006 Versus Fiscal 2005. The 19% increase in used vehicle dollar sales in fiscal 2006 reflected a 15% increase in unit sales and a 4% increase in average retail selling price. The unit sales growth reflected sales from newer superstores not yet in the comparable store base, together with a 4% increase in comparable store used units. The comparable store used unit sales growth was driven by an increase in store traffic, combined with continuing strong execution by our store teams. Store traffic and comparable store sales increases were particularly strong during the period from June through September 2005, which coincided with the domestic new car manufacturers’ employee pricing programs. Under these programs, the manufacturers established specific “employee” prices, available to all consumers, for each make and model. These programs created greater clarity on new car pricing and increased traffic in the marketplace, both of which we believe benefited CarMax. Our no-haggle consumer offer makes price comparing easy, and we believe it gives us a unique advantage as consumers cross-shop.

Our subprime finance lender, which was added to our third-party lender group near the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2005, did not contribute to the 4% comparable store used unit growth in fiscal 2006. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, the subprime finance lender implemented program changes in certain states, narrowing the selection of vehicles it would finance, making this business less economically attractive to us. We chose to curtail our subprime business in these states to preserve margins and profits.

Fiscal 2005 Versus Fiscal 2004. The 15% increase in used vehicle dollars sales in fiscal 2005 reflected a 13% increase in unit sales and a 2% increase in average retail selling price. The unit sales growth reflected sales from newer superstores not yet in the comparable store base, together with a 1% increase in comparable store used units. During the first half of fiscal 2005, we experienced widespread volatility and softness in our used car business during what is normally the peak spring and summer selling season. We believe the soft market environment was the result of economic and other factors such as high gas prices; the intense competition and unpredictable incentive behavior among new car manufacturers; higher wholesale vehicle prices resulting, in part, from fewer off-lease vehicles; and severe weather in the southeastern United States, primarily affecting our Florida markets. In the second half of fiscal 2005, used vehicle sales improved as many of the factors that appeared to cause the first half weakness abated.

Following a nine-month test in selected stores, near the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2005 we added a provider of subprime financing to our group of third-party lenders. Subprime-financed sales added approximately 3% to our total used unit sales in fiscal 2005. We believe the vast majority of these were incremental sales that we previously could not finance.

New Vehicle Sales

Fiscal 2006 Versus Fiscal 2005. The 2% increase in new vehicle dollar sales in fiscal 2006 was due to a 1% increase in unit sales and a 1% increase in average retail selling price. New vehicle unit sales were strong during the domestic new car manufacturers’ employee pricing programs in June through September 2005; however, these increases were substantially offset by the effects of softer industry new car sales in the months following the end of these programs. New vehicle sales were generally in line with industry performance for the core brands we represent—Chevrolet, DaimlerChrysler, Nissan, and Toyota. Our disposition of five new car franchises in the second half of fiscal 2005 also affected the change in our new car unit sales.

Fiscal 2005 Versus Fiscal 2004. The 5% decline in new vehicle dollar sales in fiscal 2005 reflected the combination of a 5% decline in unit sales and a stable average retail selling price. The decline in new car unit sales reflected the dispositions of five new car franchises in fiscal 2005 and four in fiscal 2004. New vehicle sales at the remaining franchises were generally in line with industry performance for the core brands we represent.

Wholesale Vehicle Sales

Our operating strategy is to build customer satisfaction by offering high-quality vehicles. Fewer than half of the vehicles acquired from consumers through the appraisal purchase process meet our standards for reconditioning and subsequent retail sale. Those vehicles that do not meet our standards are sold at our on-site wholesale auctions.

 

CARMAX 2006 23


Fiscal 2006 Versus Fiscal 2005. The 32% increase in wholesale vehicle dollar sales in fiscal 2006 reflected a 16% increase in wholesale unit sales and a 14% increase in average wholesale selling price. Our wholesale unit sales growth benefited from a strong increase in appraisal traffic combined with the expansion of our store base. Appraisal traffic was up throughout fiscal 2006, but it was particularly strong in the second quarter. We believe this increase was due, in part, to the domestic new car manufacturers’ employee pricing programs. In these programs, franchised dealers lost some ability to negotiate on trade-ins due to their inability to negotiate on the published employee discount price on new cars. In addition, the employee pricing program coincided with a period of rapid decline in wholesale values for SUVs and large trucks, making some dealers reluctant to accept these vehicles in trade. These factors created an influx of appraisal traffic at CarMax as we continued to make appraisal purchase offers on all vehicles presented for appraisal. Appraisal traffic also benefited from our focused “We Buy Cars” advertising during fiscal 2006.

Our on-site wholesale auctions exhibited unusual aggregate price strength in fiscal 2006, reflecting trends in the general wholesale market. We believe some of the factors that may have contributed to the unusually strong wholesale market pricing environment during various portions of the year included reduced supplies of off-lease and off-rental cars; the strong demand for smaller, fuel-efficient cars in the face of rising gasoline prices; and hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma, which destroyed an estimated 400,000 to 600,000 vehicles and created a short-term demand/supply imbalance. Wholesale price increases were especially strong in older, higher mileage cars that make up the majority of the vehicles we sell at wholesale. Our wholesale prices also benefited from a record level of dealer attendance at our auctions and a record dealer-to-car ratio in fiscal 2006. We believe the high dealer attendance at our auctions reflected the shortage of older vehicles as well as our continuing efforts to attract dealers to our auctions.

Fiscal 2005 Versus Fiscal 2004. The 34% increase in wholesale vehicle dollar sales in fiscal 2005 reflected a 22% increase in wholesale unit sales and a 10% increase in average wholesale selling price. The increase in wholesale vehicle unit sales reflected the expansion of our retail store base as well as, we believe, enhancements to the processes that our sales consultants use to deliver appraisals to customers and our systems support for buyers. We believe that these enhancements contributed to the increase in our rate of appraisal purchases completed per appraisal offers made. We believe reduced supply of off-lease vehicles contributed to the pricing strength in the wholesale market.

Other Sales and Revenues

Other sales and revenues include commissions on the sale of extended service plans, service department sales, third-party finance fees, and, through the second quarter of fiscal 2004, appraisal purchase processing fees collected from customers on the purchase of their vehicles.

Fiscal 2006 Versus Fiscal 2005. Other sales and revenues increased 14% in fiscal 2006, as all components benefited from the increase in retail vehicle sales and the expansion of our superstore base.

Fiscal 2005 Versus Fiscal 2004. Other sales and revenues increased 6% in fiscal 2005, which was significantly slower than the growth in retail vehicle sales. Growth in extended service plan and service department revenues was partially offset by the decline in third-party finance fees related to the rollout of the subprime finance lender and by the elimination of appraisal purchase processing fees. The subprime finance lender purchases the automobile loans at a discount, which is reflected as an offset to third-party finance fees. During the second quarter of fiscal 2004, the appraisal purchase processing fees were replaced with an alternative method for recovering the costs of our appraisal and wholesale operations. Under the revised appraisal offer strategy, instead of charging the customer the appraisal purchase processing fee, we adjust the price of our purchase offer to allow for full recovery of our costs, thereby reducing the in-store acquisition costs of used and wholesale vehicles.

 

CARMAX 2006 24


Impact of Inflation

Inflation has not been a significant contributor to results. Profitability is based on achieving targeted unit sales and gross profit dollars per vehicle rather than on average retail prices.

Seasonality

Most of our superstores experience their strongest traffic and sales in the spring and summer fiscal quarters. Sales are typically lowest in the fall quarter, which coincides with the new vehicle model-year-changeover period. In the fall quarter, the new model year introductions and discounts on model year closeouts generally can cause rapid depreciation in used car pricing, particularly for late-model used cars. Seasonal patterns for car buying and selling may vary in different parts of the country and, as CarMax expands geographically, these differences could have an effect on the overall seasonal pattern of the company’s results.

Supplemental Sales Information

UNIT SALES

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29  
     2006     2005     2004  

Used vehicles

     289,888       253,168       224,099  

New vehicles

     20,901       20,636       21,641  

Wholesale vehicles

     179,548       155,393       127,168  
AVERAGE SELLING PRICES       
     Years Ended February 28 or 29  
     2006     2005     2004  

Used vehicles

   $ 16,298     $ 15,663     $ 15,379  

New vehicles

   $ 23,887     $ 23,671     $ 23,650  

Wholesale vehicles

   $ 4,233     $ 3,712     $ 3,383  
RETAIL VEHICLE SALES MIX       
     Years Ended February 28 or 29  
     2006     2005     2004  

Vehicle units:

      

Used vehicles

     93 %     92 %     91 %

New vehicles

     7       8       9  
                        

Total

     100 %     100 %     100 %
                        

Vehicle dollars:

      

Used vehicles

     90 %     89 %     87 %

New vehicles

     10       11       13  
                        

Total

     100 %     100 %     100 %
                        

 

CARMAX 2006 25


RETAIL STORES

 

     As of February 28 or 29
     2006    2005    2004

Mega superstores(1)

   13    13    13

Standard superstores(2)

   34    29    24

Satellite superstores(3)

   20    16    12
              

Total used superstores

   67    58    49

Co-located new car stores

   4    3    3
              

Total

   71    61    52
              

 

(1) Generally 70,000 to 95,000 square feet on 20 to 35 acres.
(2) Generally 40,000 to 60,000 square feet on 10 to 25 acres.
(3) Generally 10,000 to 20,000 square feet on 4 to 10 acres.

We have a total of seven new car franchises, and we expect to maintain long-term relationships with the automotive manufacturers that we currently represent. Two franchises are integrated within used car superstores, and the remaining five franchises are operated from four facilities that are co-located with select used car superstores.

GROSS PROFIT

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29
     2006    2005    2004
     $ per unit (1)    %(2)    $ per unit (1)    %(2)    $ per unit (1)    %(2)

Used vehicle gross profit

   $ 1,808    11.0    $ 1,817    11.5    $ 1,742    11.3

New vehicle gross profit

   $ 934    3.9    $ 860    3.6    $ 872    3.7

Wholesale vehicle gross profit

   $ 700    16.1    $ 464    12.2    $ 359    10.4

Other gross profit

   $ 391    58.5    $ 366    55.3    $ 472    67.7

Total gross profit

   $ 2,544    12.6    $ 2,375    12.4    $ 2,323    12.4

 

(1) Calculated as category gross profit divided by its respective units sold, except the other and total categories, which are divided by total retail units sold.
(2) Calculated as a percentage of its respective sales or revenue.

Used Vehicle Gross Profit

We target a similar dollar amount of gross profit per used unit, regardless of retail price. Our ability to quickly adjust appraisal offers to stay in line with the broader market trade-in trends and our rapid inventory turns, which reduce our exposure to declining prices, contribute to the general stability in our gross profit dollars per unit.

Fiscal 2006 Versus Fiscal 2005. While our used vehicle gross profit dollars per unit was similar to that achieved in fiscal 2005, our used vehicle gross profits remained under some pressure throughout fiscal 2006. The profit pressure was primarily the result of the combination of the strong wholesale market pricing environment and our desire to price our retail cars at levels that made them attractive to consumers as they compared options in the new and used car marketplace. A strong wholesale market pricing environment increases our cost of acquiring vehicles both in our in-store purchases and at auction. We were able to offset some of the resulting profit pressure through successful refinements in our in-store appraisal strategy. During portions of the year, we did not increase our appraisal offers at the same rate as the steep increase in the major public wholesale auction market prices, as we did not believe the price trends at the major public wholesale auctions were reflective of the broader market trade-in offer trends. This belief was reinforced by the fact that we continued to experience strong increases in appraisal traffic while maintaining our ratio of appraisal buys to appraisal offers. This strategy allowed us to keep our retail prices more in line with underlying retail demand, while maintaining gross profit dollars per unit.

 

CARMAX 2006 26


Fiscal 2005 Versus Fiscal 2004. The increase in used vehicle gross profit dollars per unit in fiscal 2005 was primarily the result of changing and refining our in-store appraisal strategy. Under the revised strategy, the acquisition cost of used vehicles sourced through our appraisal purchases decreased, resulting in higher used vehicle gross profit.

New Vehicle Gross Profit

Fiscal 2006 Versus Fiscal 2005. The increase in the new vehicle gross profit dollars per unit in fiscal 2006 was primarily attributable to the higher profits realized during the domestic new car manufacturers’ employee pricing programs. We were able to modestly increase our new car prices during these programs, as our pricing had generally been below the manufacturers’ specified employee discount prices.

Fiscal 2005 Versus Fiscal 2004. The decline in the new vehicle gross profit dollars per unit in fiscal 2005 reflected the heightened competitive market with strong manufacturers’ incentives, which required more aggressive pricing in order to drive unit sales volume.

Wholesale Vehicle Gross Profit

Fiscal 2006 Versus Fiscal 2005. The wholesale vehicle gross profit dollars per unit increased substantially in fiscal 2006, primarily as a result of the stronger-than-normal wholesale market pricing environment. The refinements in our in-store appraisal strategy benefited our wholesale operations, while allowing us to maintain used vehicle gross profit dollars per unit levels in the face of rising vehicle acquisition costs. While we did not increase our appraisal offers at the same rate as the steep increase in the major public wholesale auction market prices, our own wholesale auctions generally reflected the pricing trends of the public wholesale auctions.

Our wholesale gross profit growth was particularly strong in the second half of fiscal 2006. Wholesale pricing typically declines during the fall due to pressure from model year closeout sales and from reduced demand at auction as dealers pare back inventories heading into the slower-volume winter months. As a result, our third quarter is typically when we experience our lowest wholesale prices and margins. In this quarter, we adjusted our appraisal offers to incorporate the anticipated drop in wholesale pricing. We were particularly aggressive in our appraisals of SUVs, where prices had fallen dramatically through the summer. Pricing in the overall wholesale marketplace did not decline as anticipated, however, giving us unusually high third quarter wholesale gross profits. In the fourth quarter, which coincides with the time of the year when dealers are building inventories for the higher-volume spring and summer months, we typically experience our strongest wholesale prices and margins. The combination of continuing strong industry demand and the normal seasonal trends lifted wholesale pricing to further inflated levels in the fourth quarter, again benefiting our wholesale gross profits.

Fiscal 2005 Versus Fiscal 2004. The increase in wholesale gross profit dollars per unit in fiscal 2005 reflected the implementation of and refinement to our in-store appraisal strategy. Under the revised strategy, the acquisition cost of wholesale vehicles decreased resulting in higher wholesale gross profit.

Other Gross Profit

Fiscal 2006 Versus Fiscal 2005. Other gross profit dollars per unit increased modestly in fiscal 2006. The improvement was primarily the result of improved penetration in sales of extended service plans, which have no associated cost of sales, and the growth in service profits. The service department, which is the only category within other sales and revenues that has an associated cost of sales, reported higher profits reflecting the greater overhead expense absorption provided by the higher vehicle sales and reconditioning volumes.

Fiscal 2005 Versus Fiscal 2004. The decline in other gross profit dollars per unit in fiscal 2005 resulted from a combination of factors, including a decrease in service profits, the rollout of the subprime lender, and the elimination of appraisal purchase processing fees as part of the new in-store appraisal strategy. Service profits declined in fiscal 2005, reflecting, in part, the slower used vehicle sales pace and the associated deleveraging of service and reconditioning overhead costs. Third-party finance fees also declined in fiscal 2005, reflecting the discount at which our subprime lender purchases automobile loans, which more than offset the growth in fees received from our other third-party lenders.

 

CARMAX 2006 27


CarMax Auto Finance Income

CAF provides prime automobile financing for our used and new car sales. Because the purchase of an automobile is traditionally reliant on the consumer’s ability to obtain on-the-spot financing, it is important to our business that such financing be available to creditworthy customers. While financing can also be obtained from third-party sources, we believe that total reliance on third parties can create an unacceptable volatility and business risk. Furthermore, we believe that our processes and systems, the transparency of our pricing, and our vehicle quality provide a unique and ideal environment in which to procure high-quality automobile loan receivables, both for CAF and for third-party lenders. CAF provides us the opportunity to capture additional profits and cash flows from automobile loan receivables while managing our reliance on third-party finance sources.

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29

(In millions)

   2006    %    2005    %    2004    %

Total gain income (1)

   $ 77.1    4.1    $ 58.3    3.8    $ 65.1    4.7

Other CAF income (2):

                 

Servicing fee income

     27.6    1.0      24.7    1.0      21.8    1.0

Interest income

     21.4    0.8      19.0    0.8      16.0    0.8
                                   

Total other CAF income

     49.0    1.8      43.7    1.8      37.8    1.8
                                   

Direct CAF expenses (2):

                 

CAF payroll and fringe benefit expense

     10.3    0.4      9.0    0.4      8.2    0.4

Other direct CAF expenses

     11.5    0.4      10.3    0.4      9.7    0.5
                                   

Total direct CAF expenses

     21.8    0.8      19.3    0.8      17.9    0.9
                                   

CarMax Auto Finance income (3)

   $ 104.3    1.7    $ 82.7    1.6    $ 85.0    1.8
                                   

Total loans sold

   $ 1,887.5       $ 1,534.8       $ 1,390.2   

Average managed receivables

   $ 2,657.7       $ 2,383.6       $ 2,099.4   

Ending managed receivables

   $ 2,772.5       $ 2,494.9       $ 2,248.6   

Total net sales and operating revenues

   $ 6,260.0       $ 5,260.3       $ 4,597.7   

Percent columns indicate:

 

(1) Percent of loans sold.
(2) Percent of average managed receivables.
(3) Percent of total net sales and operating revenues.

CAF income does not include any allocation of indirect costs or income. We present this information on a direct basis to avoid making arbitrary decisions regarding the indirect benefit or costs that could be attributed to this operation. Examples of indirect costs not included are retail store expenses, retail financing commissions, and corporate expenses such as human resources, administrative services, marketing, information systems, accounting, legal, treasury, and executive payroll.

CAF originates automobile loans to qualified customers at competitive market rates of interest. The majority of the profit contribution from CAF is generated by the spread between the interest rates charged to customers and the related cost of funds. Substantially all of the loans originated by CAF are sold in securitization transactions. A gain, recorded at the time of securitization, results from recording a receivable approximately equal to the present value of the expected residual cash flows generated by the securitized receivables. In a normalized environment, we expect the gains on loans originated and sold as a percent of loans originated and sold (the “gain spread”) to be in the range of 3.5% to 4.5%.

The reported gains on sales of loans in fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2005 also included the effects of valuation adjustments, new public securitizations, and the repurchase and resale of receivables in existing public securitizations. The following table provides information on the aggregate effect of these items on gain income, loans sold, and gain spread.

 

CARMAX 2006 28


GAIN INCOME AND LOANS SOLD

 

      Years Ended February 28 or 29  

(In millions)

   2006     2005     2004  

Gains on sales of loans originated and sold

   $ 61.9     $ 54.9     $ 66.4  

Other gain income (loss)

     15.2       3.3       (1.3 )
                        

Total gain income

   $ 77.1     $ 58.3     $ 65.1  
                        

Loans originated and sold

   $ 1,792.6     $ 1,483.8     $ 1,390.2  

Receivables repurchased from public securitizations and resold

     94.8       51.0       —    
                        

Total loans sold

   $ 1,887.5     $ 1,534.8     $ 1,390.2  
                        

Gain percentage on loans originated and sold

     3.5 %     3.7 %     4.8 %

Total gain income as a percentage of total loans sold

     4.1 %     3.8 %     4.7 %

Fiscal 2006 Versus Fiscal 2005. CAF income rose 26% to $104.3 million in fiscal 2006. The fiscal 2006 total gain income benefited from the growth in retail vehicle sales, $0.06 per share of favorable valuation adjustments, $0.02 per share of favorable effects from new public securitizations completed during the year, and $0.01 per share from the repurchase and resale of receivables in existing public securitizations. In fiscal 2005, CAF’s gains on sales of loans included a benefit of $0.01 per share resulting from a favorable valuation adjustment and $0.01 per share from the repurchase and resale of receivables in existing public securitizations. The increases in other CAF income and direct CAF expenses in fiscal 2006 were proportionate to the growth in managed receivables during the year.

The $0.06 per share of favorable valuation adjustments in fiscal 2006 and $0.01 per share of favorable valuation adjustments in fiscal 2005 resulted primarily from lowering the loss rate assumptions on pools of previously securitized receivables. These pools of receivables experienced loss rates lower than our initial expectations, reflecting the implementation of a new credit scorecard in fiscal 2003, operating efficiencies resulting from system enhancements, and a favorable economic environment. The $0.02 per share favorable effect of new public securitizations in fiscal 2006 resulted from the refinancing of receivables from the warehouse facility into three new public securitizations.

The company’s public securitizations typically contain an option to repurchase the securitized receivables when the outstanding balance in a pool of automobile loan receivables falls below 10% of the original pool balance. The company exercised this option twice in fiscal 2006 and once in fiscal 2005. All eligible receivables were subsequently resold into the warehouse facility. In each year, the remaining receivables carried relatively high interest rates that, combined with the relatively low short-term funding costs, resulted in an earnings benefit of approximately $0.01 per share.

In future years, the effect of refinancing, repurchase, and resale activity could be favorable or unfavorable depending on the securitization structure and market conditions at the transaction date.

Fiscal 2005 Versus Fiscal 2004. CAF income declined 3% to $82.7 million in fiscal 2005, primarily reflecting the decline in the gain spread to 3.7% in fiscal 2005 from 4.8% in fiscal 2004. As anticipated, this decrease in CAF income resulted primarily from a return to more normal gain spread levels, as CAF’s cost of funds increased more rapidly than consumer loan rates during fiscal 2005. During the first half of fiscal 2004, we benefited from higher-than-normal gain spreads resulting from consumer loan rates falling more slowly than our cost of funds. In fiscal 2005, the increases in other CAF income and direct CAF expenses were proportionate to the increase in managed receivables during the year.

 

CARMAX 2006 29


PAST DUE ACCOUNT INFORMATION

 

      As of February 28 or 29  

(In millions)

   2006     2005     2004  

Loans securitized

   $ 2,710.4     $ 2,427.2     $ 2,200.4  

Loans held for sale or investment

     62.0       67.7       48.2  
                        

Ending managed receivables

   $ 2,772.5     $ 2,494.9     $ 2,248.6  
                        

Accounts 31+ days past due

   $ 37.4     $ 31.1     $ 31.4  

Past due accounts as a percentage of ending managed receivables

     1.35 %     1.24 %     1.40 %

CREDIT LOSS INFORMATION

 

      Years Ended February 28 or 29  

(In millions)

   2006     2005     2004  

Net credit losses on managed receivables

   $ 18.4     $ 19.5     $ 21.1  

Average managed receivables

   $ 2,657.7     $ 2,383.6     $ 2,099.4  

Net credit losses as a percentage of average managed receivables

     0.69 %     0.82 %     1.01 %

Recovery rate

     51 %     46 %     42 %

We are at risk for the performance of the managed securitized receivables to the extent of our retained interest in the receivables. If the managed receivables do not perform in accordance with the assumptions used in determining the fair value of the retained interest, our earnings could be impacted. We believe the decreases in net credit losses as a percentage of average managed receivables in fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2005 were due to a combination of factors, including improved general economic conditions, the implementation of a new credit scorecard in fiscal 2003, operational efficiencies resulting from system enhancements, and improved recovery rates. This improved net credit loss performance was reflected in the favorable adjustments to our loss rate assumptions recorded in fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2005. The recovery rate represents the average percentage of the outstanding principal balance CarMax receives when a vehicle is repossessed or surrendered by the customer and sold at wholesale auction. We believe the improvements in the recovery rate reflect the effects of the strengthening wholesale market pricing environment through fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2006.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Fiscal 2006 Versus Fiscal 2005. The SG&A ratio was 10.4% in both fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2005. The moderate rate of increase in comparable store used unit sales in fiscal 2006 was not sufficient to provide SG&A leverage. The increase in the percentage of our store base that is comprised of newer stores not yet at basic maturity, which generally occurs in the fifth year of operation, also was a contributing factor. Newer stores typically experience higher SG&A ratios during their first four years of operation. On average, 45% of our stores were less than four years old in fiscal 2006 compared with 37% in fiscal 2005. Costs associated with the launch of market-wide television advertising in Los Angeles in fiscal 2006 and the lower-than-normal corporate bonus expense in fiscal 2005 also precluded SG&A leverage.

Fiscal 2005 Versus Fiscal 2004. The SG&A ratio increased to 10.4% in fiscal 2005 from 10.2% in fiscal 2004. The fiscal 2005 SG&A ratio was adversely affected by the deleveraging impact of lower comparable store unit sales experienced in the first half of the fiscal year, the increase in the percentage of our store base comprised of stores not yet at basic maturity, and modestly higher operating expenses associated with being a standalone company following the fiscal 2003 separation from Circuit City Stores, Inc. On average, 37% of our stores were less than four years old in fiscal 2005 compared with 30% in fiscal 2004. We estimate standalone costs were approximately $3 million to $4 million higher in fiscal 2005 than in fiscal 2004 because of the termination of certain transition services previously provided by Circuit City Stores, Inc.

 

CARMAX 2006 30


Income Taxes

The effective income tax rate was 38.3% in fiscal 2006, 38.8% in fiscal 2005, and 38.5% in fiscal 2004. The fiscal 2006 decrease resulted primarily from a legal entity reorganization in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005. The company created a centralized corporate management entity in an effort to obtain operational, legal, and other benefits that also resulted in state tax efficiencies. The fiscal 2005 increase resulted from geographic expansion into states with higher income tax rates, including having a larger percentage of stores located in unitary tax states.

OPERATIONS OUTLOOK

Store Openings and Capital Expenditures

During the fiscal year ending February 28, 2007, we plan to expand our used car superstore base by approximately 16%, opening approximately 11 used car superstores, consisting of an approximately equal mix of standard and satellite superstores.

FISCAL 2007 PLANNED SUPERSTORE OPENINGS

 

          Standard
Superstores
   Satellite
Superstores
   Total
Superstores

Hartford/New Haven, Conn

   New mid-sized market    1    1    2

Columbus, Ohio

   New mid-sized market    1    1    2

Oklahoma City, Okla.

   New mid-sized market    1    —      1

Los Angeles, Calif

   Existing large market    —      1    1

Charlottesville, Va

   New small market    —      1    1

Fredericksburg, Va.(1)

   Existing large market    1    —      1

Austin, Tex.

   Existing mid-sized market    —      1    1

Charlotte, N.C.

   Existing mid-sized market    1    —      1

Fresno, Calif.

   New mid-sized market    1    —      1
                 

Total planned openings

      6    5    11
                 

 

(1) Part of the Washington, D.C. television market.

We expect to open approximately four stores in the first quarter of fiscal 2007, two stores late in the third quarter, and five stores in the fourth quarter. Given their timing, we expect little, if any, contribution to fiscal 2007 sales and profits from the stores scheduled to open in the fourth quarter. In addition, normal construction, permitting, or other scheduling delays could shift the opening dates of any of these stores into fiscal 2008.

With an estimated television viewing population of approximately 185,000, Charlottesville, Va., represents our first entry into a small market. We will be adjusting our store footprint, inventory, and our staffing model in this store, as a result of the smaller overall sales opportunities provided by this market. This store’s performance over the next few years will help us better understand our longer-term opportunities in small markets.

In May 2006, we opened our first “CarMax Car Buying Center,” which is in the Atlanta market in a major automotive retail center not currently served by CarMax. The store is staffed with CarMax buyers, who conduct appraisals and purchase vehicles on site using the same processes and systems utilized in our used car superstores. We do not sell cars at this store. This test store is part of our long-term program to increase both appraisal traffic and retail vehicle sourcing self-sufficiency.

We estimate gross capital expenditures will total approximately $300 million in fiscal 2007. Planned expenditures primarily relate to new store construction and land purchases associated with future year store openings. Compared with fiscal 2006, the increase in estimated fiscal 2007 capital spending primarily reflects a higher level of real estate purchases for store development in future years, as well as the timing of construction activities.

 

CARMAX 2006 31


Fiscal 2007 Expectations

The fiscal 2007 expectations discussed below are based on historical and current trends in our business and should be read in conjunction with the “Cautionary Information About Forward-Looking Statements” section of this MD&A.

Fiscal 2007 Sales. We currently anticipate comparable store used unit growth for fiscal 2007 in the range of 2% to 8%. The width of the range reflects the uncertainty of the current market environment. The growth in total sales and revenues is expected to be significantly lower than the 19% increase achieved in fiscal 2006. This decrease reflects the difference in store opening patterns. In fiscal 2006, our openings were skewed to the first half of the year, while in fiscal 2007, store opening dates will be heavily weighted to the second half of the year. In addition, we do not expect our wholesale sales to repeat the exceptional performance achieved in fiscal 2006.

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Effective March 1, 2006, we adopted SFAS No. 123 (Revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” which modifies SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” SFAS No. 123(R) requires that all stock-based compensation, including employee stock options, be accounted for using a fair-value-based method. The effect of the adoption of this accounting change on our fiscal 2007 diluted earnings per share is expected to be a reduction of approximately $0.18 to $0.20. As required by SFAS No. 123(R), this estimate includes expensing all outstanding unvested options held by our retiring chief executive officer, as well as accelerated recognition of stock-based compensation expense of new options for associates who will reach retirement eligibility earlier than the end of the stated vesting period. The estimate does not include any expense that may result from an additional equity grant, if any, issued to a new chief executive officer. SFAS No. 123(R) will be adopted on a modified retrospective basis and results for prior periods will be restated, enhancing comparability. Prior period restatements will reflect compensation costs in the amounts previously reported in the pro forma footnote disclosures under the provisions of SFAS No. 123. The effect of the restatement on fiscal 2006 results is estimated to be a $0.12 reduction from $1.39 to $1.27 in diluted earnings per share.

Fiscal 2007 Earnings Per Share. Excluding the estimated effect of expensing stock-based compensation, we expect fiscal 2007 earnings per share in the range of $1.45 to $1.65, representing EPS growth in the range of 4% to 19%. Including the estimated expense for stock-based compensation, but excluding any expense from an additional equity grant, if any, for a new chief executive officer, we expect fiscal 2007 earnings per share in the range of $1.25 to $1.47, reflecting EPS performance in the range of (2)% to 16%. This expectation recognizes estimated stock-based compensation expense of $0.12 for fiscal 2006 and approximately $0.18 to $0.20 for fiscal 2007. Excluding the $0.09 of favorable CAF items in fiscal 2006 and including the estimated expense for stock-based compensation, earnings per share growth would be in the range of 6% to 25%.

We expect modest improvement in used vehicle gross profit dollars per unit as wholesale pricing moderates. During the first half of fiscal 2007, we expect wholesale gross profit dollars per unit to increase and wholesale sales to grow at approximately the same rate as our retail sales. During the third quarter, we expect wholesale sales to continue to grow, but gross margins to moderate in comparison to the unusual circumstances in the third quarter of fiscal 2006. In the fourth quarter, we expect both wholesale sales growth and margins to moderate. Overall, we expect wholesale sales and gross profit to increase in line with used retail sales growth.

We expect a slight decline in CAF income due to the $0.09 per share of favorable CAF items reported in fiscal 2006. CAF gain spreads are expected to be at the low end of our normalized 3.5% to 4.5% range in the first half of fiscal 2007. The gain spread could improve modestly in the second half of the year, depending on interest rate trends and other economic factors.

If we perform at or above the mid-point of our range of expected comparable store used unit sales, we expect a modest amount of SG&A leverage in fiscal 2007, including an expected increase in costs of approximately $5 million associated with moving our data center, and excluding expenses related to stock-based compensation. We expect our effective tax rate for fiscal 2007 will be similar to the fiscal 2006 rate.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements applicable to the company, see Note 15 to the company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

CARMAX 2006 32


FINANCIAL CONDITION

Operating Activities

We generated net cash from operating activities of $122.3 million in fiscal 2006, $45.7 million in fiscal 2005, and $147.0 million in fiscal 2004. The $76.6 million improvement in cash generated from operating activities in fiscal 2006 compared with fiscal 2005 primarily reflected the $35.2 million increase in net earnings and a $39.9 million reduction in the year-over-year growth in current assets other than cash. The increase in inventories in both years reflected the growth in total vehicle inventories resulting from the expansion of our store base. The $101.2 million decline in cash generated from operating activities in fiscal 2005 compared with fiscal 2004 primarily reflected a $110.9 million increase in the year-over-year growth in inventories. Inventory levels were similar at the beginning and the end of fiscal 2004, reflecting a higher-than-normal inventory balance at the beginning of the year and the disposal of four new car franchises, which together offset the growth in inventory associated with store openings.

The aggregate principal amount of automobile loan receivables funded through securitizations, which are discussed in Notes 3 and 4 to the company’s consolidated financial statements, totaled $2.71 billion at February 28, 2006, $2.43 billion at February 28, 2005, and $2.20 billion at February 29, 2004. During fiscal 2006, we completed three public automobile securitizations totaling $1.59 billion. At February 28, 2006, the warehouse facility limit was $825.0 million and unused warehouse capacity totaled $241.0 million. The warehouse facility matures in July 2006. Note 4 to the company’s consolidated financial statements includes a discussion of the warehouse facility. We anticipate that we will be able to renew, expand, or enter into new securitization arrangements to meet the future needs of the automobile finance operation.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $116.1 million in fiscal 2006, $141.1 million in fiscal 2005, and $73.8 million in fiscal 2004. Capital expenditures were $194.4 million in fiscal 2006, $230.1 million in fiscal 2005, and $181.3 million in fiscal 2004. In addition to store construction costs, capital expenditures for all three years included the cost of land acquired for future year store openings and costs associated with our new home office, which was completed in October 2005. Compared with fiscal 2005, the decline in capital spending in fiscal 2006 primarily reflects fewer real estate purchases for store development in future years. Several of the store sites added in fiscal 2006 were acquired pursuant to long-term leases, as opposed to purchases.

Capital expenditures are funded through internally generated funds, short- and long-term debt, and sale-leaseback transactions. Net proceeds from the sales of assets totaled $78.3 million in fiscal 2006, $89.0 million in fiscal 2005, and $107.5 million in fiscal 2004. The majority of the sale proceeds relate to sale-leaseback transactions. In fiscal 2006, we entered into sale-leaseback transactions involving five superstores valued at $72.7 million. In fiscal 2005, we entered into sale-leaseback transactions involving seven superstores valued at approximately $84.0 million. In fiscal 2004, we entered into sale-leaseback transactions involving nine superstores valued at approximately $107.0 million. These transactions were structured with initial lease terms of either 15 or 20 years with four, five-year renewal options. At February 28, 2006, we owned ten superstores currently in operation, as well as the company’s home office in Richmond, Virginia. In addition, six store facilities were accounted for as capital leases.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $1.6 million in fiscal 2006, while net cash provided by financing activities was $63.8 million in fiscal 2005. In fiscal 2004, net cash used in financing activities was $47.6 million. In fiscal 2006, we used cash generated from operations to reduce total debt by $6.8 million. In fiscal 2005, we increased total debt by $60.2 million primarily to fund increased inventory. In fiscal 2004, we used cash generated from operations to reduce total outstanding debt by $51.6 million.

In August 2005, we entered into a new, four-year $450 million revolving credit facility secured by vehicle inventory. Concurrently, we terminated our existing $300 million credit agreement. Borrowings under the new credit facility are available for working capital and general corporate purposes, and represent senior secured indebtedness of the company. All outstanding principal amounts borrowed under the credit facility will be due and payable in August 2009. The aggregate borrowing limit includes a $25 million limit on new vehicle swing line loans, a $25 million limit on other swing line loans, and a $30 million limit on standby letters of credit. Borrowings on each of the swing lines are due on demand and must be repaid monthly or refinanced through other committed borrowings under the credit agreement.

 

CARMAX 2006 33


As of February 28, 2006, $159.3 million was outstanding under the credit facility, with the remainder fully available to the company. The outstanding balance included $0.5 million of swing line loans classified as short-term debt, $58.8 million classified as current portion of long-term debt, and $100.0 million classified as long-term debt. The determination of the amount classified as long-term debt was based on management’s intent as to that portion expected to remain outstanding for more than one year from the balance sheet date.

We expect that cash generated by operations; proceeds from securitization transactions; and, if needed, additional debt and sale-leaseback transactions will be sufficient to fund capital expenditures and working capital for the foreseeable future.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

 

      As of February 28, 2006

(In millions)

   Total    Less than
1 Year
   1 to 3
Years
   3 to 5
Years
   More than
5 Years

Revolving credit agreement

   $ 159.3    $ 59.3    $ —      $ 100.0    $ —  

Capital leases (1)

     71.5      4.5      8.9      9.4      48.7

Operating leases (1)

     982.2      68.6      138.6      141.1      633.9

Purchase obligations (2)

     76.7      47.7      15.9      12.0      1.1
                                  

Total

   $ 1,289.7    $ 180.1    $ 163.4    $ 262.5    $ 683.7
                                  

 

(1) See Note 12 to the company’s consolidated financial statements.
(2) Purchase obligations include certain enforceable and legally binding obligations related to the purchase of real property, third-party outsourcing services, and certain automotive reconditioning products.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

CAF provides prime automobile financing for our used and new car sales. We use a securitization program to fund substantially all of the automobile loan receivables originated by CAF. We sell the automobile loan receivables to a wholly owned, bankruptcy-remote, special purpose entity that transfers an undivided interest in the receivables to a group of third-party investors. This program is referred to as the warehouse facility.

We routinely use public securitizations to refinance the receivables previously securitized through the warehouse facility. In a public securitization, a pool of automobile loan receivables is sold to a bankruptcy-remote, special purpose entity that in turn transfers the receivables to a special purpose securitization trust.

Additional information regarding the nature, business purposes, and importance of our off-balance sheet arrangement to our liquidity and capital resources can be found in the CarMax Auto Finance Income, Financial Condition, and Market Risk sections of this MD&A, as well as in Notes 3 and 4 to the company’s consolidated financial statements.

MARKET RISK

Automobile Installment Loan Receivables

At February 28, 2006, and February 28, 2005, all loans in the portfolio of automobile loan receivables were fixed-rate installment loans. Financing for these automobile loan receivables is achieved through asset securitization programs that, in turn, issue both fixed- and floating-rate securities. Interest rate exposure relating to floating-rate securitizations is managed through the use of interest rate swaps. Receivables held for investment or sale are financed with working capital. Generally, changes in interest rates associated with underlying swaps will not have a material impact on earnings. However, changes in interest rates associated with underlying swaps may have a material impact on cash and cash flows.

Credit risk is the exposure to nonperformance of another party to an agreement. Credit risk is mitigated by dealing with highly rated bank counterparties. The market and credit risks associated with financial derivatives are similar to those relating to other types of financial instruments. Refer to Note 5 to the company’s consolidated financial statements for a description of these items.

 

CARMAX 2006 34


COMPOSITION OF AUTOMOBILE LOAN RECEIVABLES

 

      As of February 28

(In millions)

   2006    2005

Principal amount of:

     

Fixed-rate securitizations

   $ 2,126.4    $ 1,764.7

Floating-rate securitizations synthetically altered to fixed

     584.0      662.1

Floating-rate securitizations

     —        0.4

Held for investment (1)

     57.9      45.5

Held for sale (2)

     4.1      22.2
             

Total

   $ 2,772.5    $ 2,494.9
             

 

(1) The majority is held by a bankruptcy-remote special purpose entity.
(2) Held by a bankruptcy-remote special purpose entity.

Interest Rate Exposure

We also have interest rate risk from changing interest rates related to our outstanding debt. Substantially all of the debt is floating-rate debt based on LIBOR. A 100-basis point increase in market interest rates would have decreased our fiscal 2006 net earnings per share by less than $0.01.

CAUTIONARY INFORMATION ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The company cautions readers that the statements contained herein regarding the company’s future business plans, operations, opportunities, or prospects, including without limitation any statements or factors regarding management’s expectations for fiscal 2007 and beyond, are forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are based upon management’s current knowledge and assumptions about future events and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from anticipated results. Among the factors that could cause actual results and outcomes to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements are the following: changes in the general U.S. or regional U.S. economy; intense competition within the company’s industry; significant changes in retail prices for used and new vehicles; a reduction in the availability or the company’s access to sources of inventory; the significant loss of key employees from the company’s store, regional, and corporate management teams; the efficient operation of the company’s information systems; changes in the availability or cost of capital and working capital financing; the company’s ability to acquire suitable real estate; the occurrence of adverse weather events; seasonal fluctuations in the company’s business; the geographic concentration of the company’s superstores; the regulatory environment in which the company operates; the effect of various litigation matters; the effect of new accounting requirements or changes to generally accepted accounting principles; and the occurrence of certain other material events. For more details on factors that could affect expectations, see the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2006, and its quarterly or current reports as filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

CARMAX 2006 35


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29

(In thousands except per share data)

   2006    %(1)    2005    %(1)    2004    %(1)

SALES AND OPERATING REVENUES:

                 

Used vehicle sales

   $ 4,771,325    76.2    $ 3,997,218    76.0    $ 3,470,615    75.5

New vehicle sales

     502,805    8.0      492,054    9.4      515,383    11.2

Wholesale vehicle sales

     778,268    12.4      589,704    11.2      440,571    9.6

Other sales and revenues

     207,569    3.3      181,286    3.4      171,122    3.7
                                   

NET SALES AND OPERATING REVENUES

     6,259,967    100.0      5,260,262    100.0      4,597,691    100.0

Cost of sales

     5,469,253    87.4      4,610,066    87.6      4,026,803    87.6
                                   

GROSS PROFIT

     790,714    12.6      650,196    12.4      570,888    12.4

CARMAX AUTO FINANCE INCOME

     104,327    1.7      82,656    1.6      84,963    1.8

Selling, general, and administrative expenses

     651,988    10.4      546,577    10.4      468,374    10.2

Gain on franchise dispositions, net

     —      —        633    —        2,327    0.1

Interest expense

     4,093    0.1      2,806    0.1      1,137    —  

Interest income

     1,023    —        421    —        683    —  
                                   

Earnings before income taxes

     239,983    3.8      184,523    3.5      189,350    4.1

Provision for income taxes

     91,928    1.5      71,595    1.4      72,900    1.6
                                   

NET EARNINGS

   $ 148,055    2.4    $ 112,928    2.1    $ 116,450    2.5
                                   

Weighted average common shares:

                 

Basic

     104,635         104,036         103,503   

Diluted

     106,344         105,779         105,628   

NET EARNINGS PER SHARE:

                 

Basic

   $ 1.41       $ 1.09       $ 1.13   

Diluted

   $ 1.39       $ 1.07       $ 1.10   

 

(1) Percents are calculated as a percentage of net sales and operating revenues and may not equal totals due to rounding.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

CARMAX 2006 36


CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     At February 28

(In thousands except share data)

   2006    2005

ASSETS

     

CURRENT ASSETS:

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 21,759    $ 17,124

Accounts receivable, net

     76,621      76,167

Automobile loan receivables held for sale

     4,139      22,152

Retained interest in securitized receivables

     158,308      147,963

Inventory

     669,700      576,567

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     11,211      13,008
             

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS

     941,738      852,981

Property and equipment, net

     499,298      406,301

Deferred income taxes

     4,211      —  

Other assets

     44,000      33,731
             

TOTAL ASSETS

   $ 1,489,247    $ 1,293,013
             

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

     

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

     

Accounts payable

   $ 188,614    $ 170,646

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

     85,316      65,664

Accrued income taxes

     5,598      1,179

Deferred income taxes

     23,562      26,315

Short-term debt

     463      65,197

Current portion of long-term debt

     59,762      330
             

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES

     363,315      329,331

Long-term debt, excluding current portion

     134,787      128,419

Deferred revenue and other liabilities

     31,407      29,260

Deferred income taxes

     —        5,027
             

TOTAL LIABILITIES

     529,509      492,037
             

Commitments and contingent liabilities

     

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

     

Common stock, $0.50 par value; 350,000,000 shares authorized; 104,954,983 and 104,303,375 shares issued and outstanding at February 28, 2006 and 2005, respectively

     52,477      52,152

Capital in excess of par value

     499,546      489,164

Retained earnings

     407,715      259,660
             

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

     959,738      800,976
             

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

   $ 1,489,247    $ 1,293,013
             

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

CARMAX 2006 37


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29  

(In thousands)

   2006     2005     2004  

OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

      

Net earnings

   $ 148,055     $ 112,928     $ 116,450  

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Depreciation and amortization

     26,692       20,145       16,181  

Amortization of restricted stock awards

     54       108       122  

Gain on disposition of assets

     (764 )     (1,486 )     (1,462 )

Provision for deferred income taxes

     (11,991 )     (1,184 )     (1,298 )

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

      

Increase in accounts receivable, net

     (454 )     (3,809 )     (15,909 )

Decrease (increase) in automobile loan receivables held for sale, net

     18,013       (3,371 )     (15,202 )

Increase in retained interest in securitized receivables

     (10,345 )     (1,975 )     (10,972 )

(Increase) decrease in inventory

     (93,133 )     (110,506 )     389  

Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets

     1,797       (4,358 )     3,986  

(Increase) decrease in other assets

     (5,975 )     1,042       3,147  

Increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and accrued income taxes

     47,461       35,876       48,570  

Increase in deferred revenue and other liabilities

     2,885       2,326       2,962  
                        

NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES

     122,295       45,736       146,964  
                        

INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

      

Capital expenditures

     (194,433 )     (230,080 )     (181,338 )

Proceeds from sales of assets

     78,340       88,999       107,493  
                        

NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES

     (116,093 )     (141,081 )     (73,845 )
                        

FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

      

(Decrease) increase in short-term debt, net

     (64,734 )     60,751       (51,605 )

Issuance of long-term debt

     174,929       —         —    

Payments on long-term debt

     (116,993 )     (509 )     —    

Issuances of equity through stock incentive plans

     6,035       4,306       4,613  

Purchases of shares for employee stock purchase plan

     (804 )     (747 )     (599 )
                        

NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES

     (1,567 )     63,801       (47,591 )
                        

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     4,635       (31,544 )     25,528  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

     17,124       48,668       23,140  
                        

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR

   $ 21,759     $ 17,124     $ 48,668  
                        

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION

      

Cash paid during the year for:

      

Interest

   $ 7,928     $ 5,726     $ 4,695  

Income taxes

   $ 94,112     $ 72,022     $ 59,987  

Noncash investing and financing activities:

      

Asset acquisitions from capitalization of leases

   $ 7,864     $ 29,258     $ —    

Long-term debt obligations from capitalization of leases

   $ 7,864     $ 29,258     $ —    

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

CARMAX 2006 38


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

(In thousands)

   Common
Shares
Outstanding
    Common
Stock
    Capital in
Excess of
Par Value
    Retained
Earnings
   Total  

BALANCE AT FEBRUARY 28, 2003

   103,083     $ 51,542     $ 472,745     $ 30,282    $ 554,569  

Net earnings

   —         —         —         116,450      116,450  

Exercise of common stock options

   693       346       4,176       —        4,522  

Shares purchased for employee stock purchase plan

   —         —         (599 )     —        (599 )

Shares issued under stock incentive plans

   3       2       95       —        97  

Shares cancelled upon reacquisition by the company

   (1 )     (1 )     (13 )     —        (14 )

Tax benefit from stock issued

   —         —         5,598       —        5,598  

Unearned compensation–restricted stock

   —         —         130       —        130  
                                     

BALANCE AT FEBRUARY 29, 2004

   103,778       51,889       482,132       146,732      680,753  

Net earnings

   —         —         —         112,928      112,928  

Exercise of common stock options

   522       262       3,955       —        4,217  

Shares purchased for employee stock purchase plan

   —         —         (747 )     —        (747 )

Shares issued under stock incentive plans

   4       2       88       —        90  

Shares cancelled upon reacquisition by the company

   (1 )     (1 )     (16 )     —        (17 )

Tax benefit from stock issued

   —         —         3,628       —        3,628  

Unearned compensation–restricted stock

   —         —         124       —        124  
                                     

BALANCE AT FEBRUARY 28, 2005

   104,303       52,152       489,164       259,660      800,976  

Net earnings

   —         —         —         148,055      148,055  

Exercise of common stock options

   651       325       5,620       —        5,945  

Shares purchased for employee stock purchase plan

   —         —         (804 )     —        (804 )

Shares issued under stock incentive plans

   3       1       88       —        89  

Shares cancelled upon reacquisition by the company

   (2 )     (1 )     (12 )     —        (13 )

Tax benefit from stock issued

   —         —         5,422       —        5,422  

Unearned compensation–restricted stock

   —         —         68       —        68  
                                     

BALANCE AT FEBRUARY 28, 2006

   104,955     $ 52,477     $ 499,546     $ 407,715    $ 959,738  
                                     

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

CARMAX 2006 39


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

1 BUSINESS AND BACKGROUND

CarMax, Inc. (“CarMax” and “the company”), including its wholly owned subsidiaries, is the largest retailer of used vehicles in the United States. CarMax was the first used vehicle retailer to offer a large selection of quality used vehicles at low, “no-haggle” prices using a customer-friendly sales process in an attractive, modern sales facility. CarMax also sells new vehicles under various franchise agreements. CarMax provides its customers with a full range of related services, including the financing of vehicle purchases through its own finance operation, CarMax Auto Finance (“CAF”), and third-party lenders; the sale of extended service plans; the appraisal and purchase of vehicles directly from consumers; and vehicle repair service. Vehicles purchased through the appraisal process that do not meet CarMax’s retail standards are sold at on-site wholesale auctions.

CarMax was formerly a subsidiary of Circuit City Stores, Inc. (“Circuit City”). On October 1, 2002, the CarMax business was separated from Circuit City through a tax-free transaction. As a result of the separation, all of the businesses, assets, and liabilities of the CarMax business are held in CarMax, Inc., an independent, separately traded public company.

At the separation date, Circuit City and CarMax executed a transition services agreement and a tax allocation agreement. At the end of fiscal 2006, the only significant service provided by Circuit City to CarMax under the transition services agreement pertained to the operation of the company’s data center. The tax allocation agreement provided that the preseparation taxes attributable to the business of each party would be borne solely by that party.

 

2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

  (A) Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CarMax and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

  (B) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents of $6.0 million at February 28, 2006, and February 28, 2005, consisted of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

 

  (C) Securitizations

The transfers of receivables associated with the company’s automobile loan securitization program are accounted for as sales in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities.” The company retains an interest in the automobile loan receivables that it securitizes. The retained interest presented on the company’s consolidated balance sheets includes the present value of the expected residual cash flows generated by the securitized receivables, various reserve accounts, and an undivided ownership interest in securitized receivables. The retained interest is carried at fair value, and changes in fair value are included in earnings. See Notes 3 and 4 for additional discussion of securitizations.

 

  (D) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Due to the short-term nature and/or variable rates associated with these financial instruments, the carrying value of the company’s cash and cash equivalents, receivables including automobile loan receivables, accounts payable, short-term debt, and long-term debt approximates fair value. The company’s retained interest in securitized receivables and derivative financial instruments are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value.

 

  (E) Trade Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, include certain amounts due from finance companies and customers, as well as from manufacturers for incentives and warranty reimbursements, and for other miscellaneous receivables. The estimate for doubtful accounts is based on historical experience and trends.

 

CARMAX 2006 40


  (F) Inventory

Inventory is comprised primarily of vehicles held for sale or undergoing reconditioning and is stated at the lower of cost or market. Vehicle inventory cost is determined by specific identification. Parts and labor used to recondition vehicles, as well as transportation and other incremental expenses associated with acquiring and reconditioning vehicles, are included in inventory. Certain manufacturer incentives and rebates for new car inventory, including holdbacks, are recognized as a reduction to new car inventory when CarMax purchases the vehicles. Volume-based incentives are recognized as a reduction to cost of sales when achievement of qualifying sales volumes is determined to be probable.

 

  (G) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the asset’s estimated useful life or the lease term, if applicable. Property held under capital lease is stated at the lower of the present value of the future minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease or fair value. Amortization of capital lease assets is computed on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the initial lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset and is included in depreciation expense. Costs incurred during new store construction are capitalized as construction in progress and reclassified to the appropriate fixed asset category when the store opens.

ESTIMATED USEFUL LIVES

 

     Life                                        

Buildings

   25–40 years                        

Capital leases

   10–20 years                        

Leasehold improvements

   8–15 years                        

Furniture, fixtures, and equipment

   5–15 years                        

The company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment is recognized when the sum of undiscounted estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset is less than the carrying value.

 

  (H) Other Assets

Computer Software Costs

External direct costs of materials and services used in the development of internal-use software and payroll and payroll-related costs for employees directly involved in the development of internal-use software are capitalized. Amounts capitalized are amortized on a straight-line basis over five years.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The company reviews goodwill and intangible assets for impairment annually or when circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. No impairment of goodwill or intangible assets resulted from the annual impairment tests in fiscal 2006 or fiscal 2005.

Restricted Cash Deposits

Included in other assets at February 28, 2006, and February 28, 2005, were restricted cash deposits of $17.7 million and $12.0 million, respectively, which were associated with certain insurance deductibles. Restricted cash deposits were previously reported in Cash and Cash Equivalents.

 

  (I) Defined Benefit Plan Obligations

Defined benefit retirement plan obligations are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the company’s consolidated balance sheets. The defined benefit retirement plan obligations are determined by independent actuaries using a number of assumptions provided by the company. Key assumptions used in measuring the plan obligations include the discount rate, the estimated rate of salary increases, and the estimated future return on plan assets.

 

  (J) Insurance Liabilities

Insurance liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the company’s consolidated balance sheets. The company uses a combination of insurance and self-insurance for a number of risks including workers’ compensation, general liability, and employee-related health care benefits, a portion of which is paid by associates. Estimated insurance liabilities are determined by considering historical claims experience, demographic factors, and other actuarial assumptions.

 

CARMAX 2006 41


  (K) Store Opening Expenses

Costs related to store openings, including preopening costs, are expensed as incurred.

 

  (L) Income Taxes

The company files a consolidated federal income tax return for a majority of its subsidiaries. Certain subsidiaries are required to file separate partnership or corporate federal income tax returns. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and the amounts recognized for income tax purposes, measured by applying currently enacted tax laws. A deferred tax asset is recognized if it is more likely than not that a benefit will be realized. Changes in tax laws and tax rates are reflected in the income tax provision in the period in which the changes are enacted.

 

  (M) Revenue Recognition

The company recognizes revenue when the earnings process is complete, generally either at the time of sale to a customer or upon delivery to a customer. As part of its customer service strategy, the company guarantees the vehicles it sells with a 5-day, money-back guarantee. If a customer returns the vehicle purchased within the parameters of the guarantee, the company will refund the customer’s money. A reserve for returns is recorded based on historical experience and trends.

The company sells extended service plans on behalf of unrelated third parties. These service plans have terms of coverage from 12 to 72 months. Because the third parties are the primary obligors under these service plans, commission revenue is recognized at the time of sale, net of a reserve for estimated customer returns of the service plans. The reserve for returns is based on historical experience and trends.

 

  (N) Advertising Expenses

All advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the company’s consolidated statements of earnings.

 

  (O) Net Earnings Per Share

Basic net earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted net earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and dilutive potential common stock.

 

  (P) Stock-Based Compensation

The company accounts for its stock-based compensation plans under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related interpretations. Under this opinion and related interpretations, compensation expense is recorded on the date of grant and amortized over the vesting period only if the market value of the underlying stock on the grant date exceeds the exercise price. Compensation expense for employee stock options is not reflected in the company’s net earnings, as options granted under its plans had exercise prices equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. The following table illustrates the effect on net earnings and net earnings per share as if the fair-value-based method of accounting prescribed by SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” had been applied to all outstanding stock awards in each reported period.

PROFORMA NET EARNINGS AND NET EARNINGS PER SHARE

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29  

(In thousands except per share data)

   2006     2005     2004  

Net earnings, as reported

   $ 148,055     $ 112,928     $ 116,450  

Stock-based compensation expense included in net earnings, net of related tax effects

     33       66       75  

Total additional stock-based compensation expense determined under the fair-value-based method for all awards, net of related tax effects

     (13,808 )     (11,567 )     (6,834 )
                        

Pro forma net earnings

   $ 134,280     $ 101,427     $ 109,691  
                        

Net earnings per share:

      

Basic, as reported

   $ 1.41     $ 1.09     $ 1.13  

Basic, pro forma

   $ 1.28     $ 0.97     $ 1.06  

Diluted, as reported

   $ 1.39     $ 1.07     $ 1.10  

Diluted, pro forma

   $ 1.27     $ 0.97     $ 1.04  

 

CARMAX 2006 42


The pro forma effect on fiscal 2006 and prior fiscal years may not be representative of the effect on net earnings and net earnings per share for future years.

For the purpose of computing the pro forma amounts indicated above, the fair value of each option on the date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

WEIGHTED AVERAGE ASSUMPTIONS USED TO ESTIMATE OPTION VALUES

 

    

Years Ended February 28 or 29

 
     2006     2005     2004  

Expected dividend yield

   —       —       —    

Expected stock volatility

   52 %   73 %   78 %

Risk-free interest rates

   4 %   3 %   3 %

Expected lives (in years)

   5     5     5  

Using these assumptions in the Black-Scholes model, the weighted average fair value of options granted was $12.68 per share in fiscal 2006, $17.50 per share in fiscal 2005, and $9.14 per share in fiscal 2004.

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 123 (Revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” which will require the company to expense costs related to share-based awards in fiscal 2007. See Note 15, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements,” for further discussions.

 

  (Q) Derivative Financial Instruments

In connection with certain securitization activities, the company enters into interest rate swap agreements to manage exposure to interest rates and to more closely match funding costs to the use of funding. The company recognizes the interest rate swaps as either assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value with changes in fair value included in earnings as a component of CarMax Auto Finance income.

 

  (R) Risks and Uncertainties

CarMax sells used and new vehicles. The diversity of the company’s customers and suppliers reduces the risk that a severe impact will occur in the near term as a result of changes in its customer base, competition, or sources of supply. However, management cannot assure that unanticipated events will not have a negative impact on the company.

 

  (S) Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. The consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of cash flows reflect the reclassifications of restricted cash deposits of $12.0 million at February 28, 2005, and $13.0 million at February 29, 2004, as discussed in Note 2(H).

 

3 CARMAX AUTO FINANCE INCOME

The company’s finance operation, CAF, originates prime-rated financing for qualified customers at competitive market rates of interest. Throughout each month, the company sells substantially all of the loans originated by CAF in securitization transactions as discussed in Note 4. The majority of CAF income is generated by the spread between the interest rates charged to customers and the related cost of funds. A gain, recorded at the time of securitization, results from recording a receivable approximately equal to the present value of the expected residual cash flows generated by the securitized receivables. The cash flows are calculated taking into account expected prepayments and defaults.

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29

(In millions)

   2006    2005    2004

Total gain income

   $ 77.1    $ 58.3    $ 65.1

Other CAF income:

        

Servicing fee income

     27.6      24.7      21.8

Interest income

     21.4      19.0      16.0
                    

Total other CAF income

     49.0      43.7      37.8
                    

Direct CAF expenses:

        

CAF payroll and fringe benefit expense

     10.3      9.0      8.2

Other direct CAF expenses

     11.5      10.3      9.7
                    

Total direct CAF expenses

     21.8      19.3      17.9
                    

CarMax Auto Finance income

   $ 104.3    $ 82.7    $ 85.0
                    

 

CARMAX 2006 43


CarMax Auto Finance income does not include any allocation of indirect costs or income. The company presents this information on a direct basis to avoid making arbitrary decisions regarding the indirect benefit or costs that could be attributed to CAF. Examples of indirect costs not included are retail store expenses, retail financing commissions, and corporate expenses such as human resources, administrative services, marketing, information systems, accounting, legal, treasury, and executive payroll.

 

4 SECURITIZATIONS

The company uses a securitization program to fund substantially all of the automobile loan receivables originated by CAF. The company sells the automobile loan receivables to a wholly owned, bankruptcy-remote, special purpose entity that transfers an undivided interest in the receivables to a group of third-party investors. The special purpose entity and investors have no recourse to the company’s assets. The company’s risk is limited to the retained interest on the company’s consolidated balance sheets. The investors issue commercial paper supported by the transferred receivables, and the proceeds from the sale of the commercial paper are used to pay for the securitized receivables. This program is referred to as the warehouse facility.

The company routinely uses public securitizations to refinance the receivables previously securitized through the warehouse facility. In a public securitization, a pool of automobile loan receivables is sold to a bankruptcy-remote, special purpose entity that in turn transfers the receivables to a special purpose securitization trust. The securitization trust issues asset-backed securities, secured or otherwise supported by the transferred receivables, and the proceeds from the sale of the securities are used to pay for the securitized receivables. Depending on securitization structures and market conditions, refinancing receivables in a public securitization may or may not have a significant impact on the company’s results. The company recognized a gain of $0.02 per share in fiscal 2006 related to three such refinancings. In future years, the impact of refinancing activity will depend upon the particular securitization structures and market conditions at the refinancing date.

All transfers of receivables are accounted for as sales in accordance with SFAS No. 140. When the receivables are securitized, the company recognizes a gain or loss on the sale of the receivables as described in Note 3.

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29  

(In millions)

   2006     2005     2004  

Net loans originated

   $ 1,774.6     $ 1,490.3     $ 1,407.6  

Total loans sold

   $ 1,887.5     $ 1,534.8     $ 1,390.2  

Total gain income(1)

   $ 77.1     $ 58.3     $ 65.1  

Total gain income as a percentage of total loans sold(1)

     4.1 %     3.8 %     4.7 %

 

  (1) Includes the effects of valuation adjustments, new public securitizations, and the repurchase and resale of receivables in existing public securitizations.

Retained Interest

The company retains an interest in the automobile loan receivables that it securitizes. The retained interest, presented as a current asset on the company’s consolidated balance sheets, serves as a credit enhancement for the benefit of the investors in the securitized receivables. The retained interest includes the present value of the expected residual cash flows generated by the securitized receivables, or “interest-only strip receivables,” various reserve accounts, and an undivided ownership interest in the securitized receivables, or “required excess receivables,” as described below. On a combined basis, the reserve accounts and required excess receivables are generally 2% to 4% of managed receivables. The special purpose entities and the investors have no recourse to the company’s assets.

The fair value of the retained interest was $158.3 million as of February 28, 2006, and $148.0 million as of February 28, 2005. The retained interest had a weighted average life of 1.5 years as of February 28, 2006, and February 28, 2005. As defined in SFAS No. 140, the weighted average life in periods (for example, months or years) of prepayable assets is calculated by multiplying the principal collections expected in each future period by the number of periods until that future period, summing those products, and dividing the sum by the initial principal balance.

Interest-Only Strip Receivables. Interest-only strip receivables represent the present value of residual cash flows the company expects to receive over the life of the securitized receivables. The value of these receivables is determined by estimating the future cash flows using management’s assumptions of key factors, such as finance charge income, default rates, prepayment rates, and discount rates appropriate for the type of asset and risk. The value of interest-only strip receivables may be affected by external factors, such as changes in the behavior patterns of customers, changes in the strength of the economy, and developments in the interest rate markets; therefore, actual performance may differ from these assumptions. Management evaluates the performance of the receivables relative to these assumptions on a regular basis. Any financial impact resulting from a change in assumptions is recognized in earnings in the period in which it occurs.

 

CARMAX 2006 44


Reserve Accounts. The company is required to fund various reserve accounts established for the benefit of the securitization investors. In the event that the cash generated by the securitized receivables in a given period was insufficient to pay the interest, principal, and other required payments, the balances on deposit in the reserve accounts would be used to pay those amounts. In general, each of the company’s securitizations requires that an amount equal to a specified percentage of the original balance of the securitized receivables be deposited in a reserve account on the closing date and that any excess cash generated by the receivables be used to fund the reserve account to the extent necessary to maintain the required amount. If the amount on deposit in the reserve account exceeds the required amount, the excess is released through the special purpose entity to the company. In the public securitizations, the amount required to be on deposit in the reserve account must equal or exceed a specified floor amount. The reserve account remains funded until the investors are paid in full, at which time the remaining balance is released through the special purpose entity to the company. The amount required to be maintained in the public securitization reserve accounts may increase depending upon the performance of the securitized receivables. The amount on deposit in reserve accounts was $29.0 million as of February 28, 2006, and $33.5 million as of February 28, 2005.

Required Excess Receivables. A majority of the securitizations require that the total value of the securitized receivables exceed, by a specified amount, the principal amount owed to the investors. The required excess receivables balance represents this specified amount. Any cash flows generated by the required excess receivables are used, if needed, to make payments to the investors. Any remaining cash flows from the required excess receivables are released through the special purpose entity to the company. The unpaid principal balance related to the required excess receivables was $52.2 million as of February 28, 2006, and $44.3 million as of February 28, 2005.

Key Assumptions Used in Measuring the Retained Interest and Sensitivity Analysis

The following table shows the key economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of the retained interest at February 28, 2006, and a sensitivity analysis showing the hypothetical effect on the retained interest if there were unfavorable variations from the assumptions used. These sensitivity analyses are hypothetical and should be used with caution. In this table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the retained interest is calculated without changing any other assumption; in actual circumstances, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities.

 

(In millions)

   Assumptions Used    Impact onFair Value of
10% Adverse Change
   Impact on Fair Value of
20% Adverse Change

Prepayment rate

   1.43%–1.50%    $ 5.5    $ 10.8

Cumulative default rate

   1.40%–2.15%    $ 4.7    $ 9.4

Annual discount rate

   12.0%    $ 2.3    $ 4.5

Prepayment Rate. The company uses the Absolute Prepayment Model or “ABS” to estimate prepayments. This model assumes a rate of prepayment each month relative to the original number of receivables in a pool of receivables. ABS further assumes that all the receivables are the same size and amortize at the same rate and that each receivable in each month of its life will either be paid as scheduled or prepaid in full. For example, in a pool of receivables originally containing 10,000 receivables, a 1% ABS rate means that 100 receivables prepay each month.

Cumulative Default Rate. The cumulative default rate, or “static pool” net losses, is calculated by dividing the total projected credit losses of a pool of receivables by the original pool balance. Projected credit losses are estimated using the losses experienced to date, the credit quality of the receivables, economic factors, and the performance history of similar receivables.

Continuing Involvement with Securitized Receivables

The company continues to manage the automobile finance receivables that it securitizes. The company receives servicing fees of approximately 1% of the outstanding principal balance of the securitized receivables. The servicing fees specified in the securitization agreements adequately compensate the company for servicing the securitized receivables. No servicing asset or liability has been recorded. The company is at risk for the retained interest in the securitized receivables, and if the securitized receivables do not perform as originally projected, the value of the retained interest would be impacted.

 

CARMAX 2006 45


PAST DUE ACCOUNT INFORMATION

 

     As of February 28 or 29  

(In millions)

   2006     2005     2004  

Accounts 31+ days past due

   $ 37.4     $ 31.1     $ 31.4  

Ending managed receivables

   $ 2,772.5     $ 2,494.9     $ 2,248.6  

Past due accounts as a percentage of ending managed receivables

     1.35 %     1.24 %     1.40 %
CREDIT LOSS INFORMATION       
     Years Ended February 28 or 29  

(In millions)

   2006     2005     2004  

Net credit losses on managed receivables

   $ 18.4     $ 19.5     $ 21.1  

Average managed receivables

   $ 2,657.7     $ 2,383.6     $ 2,099.4  

Net credit losses as a percentage of average managed receivables

     0.69 %     0.82 %     1.01 %

Recovery rate

     51 %     46 %     42 %

SELECTED CASH FLOWS FROM SECURITIZED RECEIVABLES

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29

(In millions)

   2006    2005    2004

Proceeds from new securitizations

   $ 1,513.5    $ 1,260.0    $ 1,185.5

Proceeds from collections reinvested in revolving period securitizations

   $ 757.5    $ 590.8    $ 514.9

Servicing fees received

   $ 27.3    $ 24.5    $ 21.5

Other cash flows received from the retained interest:

        

Interest-only strip receivables

   $ 82.1    $ 79.8    $ 74.1

Reserve account releases

   $ 19.7    $ 14.1    $ 16.6

 

Proceeds from New Securitizations. Proceeds from new securitizations include proceeds from receivables that are newly securitized in or refinanced through the warehouse facility during the indicated period. Balances previously outstanding in public securitizations that were refinanced through the warehouse facility totaled $94.8 million in fiscal 2006 and $51.0 million in fiscal 2005. Proceeds received when the company refinances receivables in public securitizations are excluded from this table as they are not considered to be new securitizations.

Proceeds from Collections. Proceeds from collections reinvested in revolving period securitizations represent principal amounts collected on receivables securitized through the warehouse facility that are used to fund new originations.

Servicing Fees. Servicing fees received represent cash fees paid to the company to service the securitized receivables.

Other Cash Flows Received from the Retained Interest. Other cash flows received from the retained interest represent cash received by the company from securitized receivables other than servicing fees. It includes cash collected on interest-only strip receivables and amounts released to the company from reserve accounts.

Financial Covenants and Performance Triggers

Certain of the securitization agreements include various financial covenants and performance triggers. These agreements require the company to meet financial covenants related to maintaining minimum tangible net worth, maximum total liabilities to tangible net worth ratio, minimum tangible net worth to managed assets ratio, minimum current ratio, minimum cash balance or borrowing capacity, and minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. Performance triggers require certain pools of securitized receivables to achieve specified thresholds related to portfolio yields, default rates, and delinquency rates. If these financial covenants and/or thresholds are not met, in addition to other consequences, the company may be unable to continue to securitize receivables through the warehouse facility or it may be terminated as servicer under the securitizations. At February 28, 2006, the company was in compliance with the financial covenants, and the securitized receivables were in compliance with the performance triggers.

 

CARMAX 2006 46


5 FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES

The company enters into amortizing fixed-pay interest rate swaps relating to its automobile loan receivable securitizations. Swaps are used to better match funding costs to the fixed-rate receivables being securitized by converting variable-rate financing costs in the warehouse facility to fixed-rate obligations. The company entered into two 17-month and twenty-five 40-month amortizing interest rate swaps with initial notional amounts totaling approximately $1.57 billion in fiscal 2006, and one 18-month and twenty-six 40-month amortizing interest rate swaps with initial notional amounts totaling approximately $1.36 billion in fiscal 2005. The amortized notional amount of all outstanding swaps related to the automobile loan receivable securitizations was approximately $584.0 million at February 28, 2006, and $662.1 million at February 28, 2005. The fair value of swaps included in prepaid expenses and other current assets totaled a net asset of $1.6 million at February 28, 2006, and $5.4 million at February 28, 2005.

The market and credit risks associated with interest rate swaps are similar to those relating to other types of financial instruments. Market risk is the exposure created by potential fluctuations in interest rates. The company does not anticipate significant market risk from swaps as they are used on a monthly basis to match funding costs to the use of the funding. Credit risk is the exposure to nonperformance of another party to an agreement. The company mitigates credit risk by dealing with highly rated bank counterparties.

 

 

6 PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

 

      As of February 28

(In thousands)

   2006    2005

Land

   $ 85,814    $ 37,650

Land held for sale

     1,515      2,664

Land held for development

     6,084      6,084

Buildings

     146,738      49,047

Capital leases

     37,122      29,258

Leasehold improvements

     47,513      45,346

Furniture, fixtures, and equipment

     154,378      125,734

Construction in progress

     124,381      198,682
             

Total property and equipment

     603,545      494,465

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

     104,247      88,164
             

Property and equipment, net

   $ 499,298    $ 406,301
             

Land held for development represents land owned for future sites that are scheduled to open more than one year beyond the fiscal year reported. Leased property meeting capital lease criteria is capitalized and the present value of the related lease payments is recorded as long-term debt.

 

 

7 INCOME TAXES

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

 

      Years Ended February 28 or 29  

(In thousands)

   2006     2005     2004  

Current:

      

Federal

   $ 92,488     $ 62,662     $ 65,212  

State

     11,431       10,117       8,986  
                        

Total

     103,919       72,779       74,198  
                        

Deferred:

      

Federal

     (10,955 )     (1,068 )     (1,180 )

State

     (1,036 )     (116 )     (118 )
                        

Total

     (11,991 )     (1,184 )     (1,298 )
                        

Provision for income taxes

   $ 91,928     $ 71,595     $ 72,900  
                        

 

CARMAX 2006 47


EFFECTIVE INCOME TAX RATE RECONCILIATION

 

      Years Ended February 28 or 29  
      2006     2005     2004  

Federal statutory income tax rate

   35.0 %   35.0 %   35.0 %

State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit

   3.0 %   3.5 %   3.1 %

Nondeductible items

   0.3 %   0.3 %   0.4 %
                  

Effective income tax rate

   38.3 %   38.8 %   38.5 %
                  

 

DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

 

      As of February 28

(In thousands)

   2006    2005

Deferred tax assets:

     

Accrued expenses

   $ 16,887    $ 12,381

Partnership basis

     6,229      —  

Other

     —        100
             

Total gross deferred tax assets

     23,116      12,481
             

Deferred tax liabilities:

     

Securitized receivables

     19,699      23,301

Prepaid expenses

     10,757      157

Inventory

     7,476      8,515

Depreciation and amortization

     4,508      7,744

Other

     27      —  

Partnership basis

     —        4,106
             

Total gross deferred tax liabilities

     42,467      43,823
             

Net deferred tax liability

   $ 19,351    $ 31,342
             

Based on the company’s historical and current pretax earnings, management believes the amount of gross deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized through future taxable income and future reversals of existing temporary differences; therefore, no valuation allowance is necessary.

 

 

8 BENEFIT PLANS

 

  (A) Retirement Plans

The company has a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the “pension plan”) covering the majority of full-time employees. The company also has an unfunded nonqualified plan (the “restoration plan”) that restores retirement benefits for certain senior executives who are affected by Internal Revenue Code limitations on benefits provided under the pension plan. The company uses a fiscal year end measurement date for both the pension plan and the restoration plan.

Assets. Assets used in calculating the funded status are measured at current market values. The restoration plan is excluded since it is unfunded.

 

CHANGES IN PENSION PLAN ASSETS

 

      Years Ended February 28  

(In thousands)

   2006     2005  

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

   $ 25,316     $ 16,404  

Actual return on plan assets

     2,357       1,849  

Employer contributions

     4,500       7,381  

Benefits paid

     (213 )     (318 )
                

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

   $ 31,960     $ 25,316  
                

 

CARMAX 2006 48


PENSION PLAN ASSET ALLOCATION

 

      As of February 28  
      2006     2005  
     Target
Allocation
    Actual
Allocation
    Target
Allocation
    Actual
Allocation
 

Equity securities

   75 %   78 %   80 %   76 %

Fixed income securities

   25     22     20     24  
                        

Total

   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %
                        

The company’s pension plan assets are held in trust. The company sets investment policies and strategies for the pension plan. Long-term strategic investment objectives include preserving the assets of the trust and balancing risk and return. The company oversees the investment allocation process, which includes selecting investment managers, setting long-term strategic targets, and monitoring asset allocations. Target allocations are guidelines, not limitations, and occasionally plan fiduciaries will approve allocations above or below the targets.

Benefit Obligations. The projected benefit obligations are the present value of future benefits to employees, including assumed salary increases. The accumulated benefit obligations are based on employee service as of the date reported, excluding assumed future service and salary increases.

 

BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS AND PLAN ASSETS

 

      As of February 28
      Pension Plan    Restoration Plan    Total

(In thousands)

   2006    2005    2006    2005    2006    2005

Projected benefit obligation

   $ 71,352    $ 48,674    $ 6,864    $ 4,508    $ 78,216    $ 53,182

Accumulated benefit obligation

   $ 45,151    $ 30,646    $ 3,805    $ 2,419    $ 48,956    $ 33,065

Fair value of plan assets

   $ 31,960    $ 25,316      —        —      $ 31,960    $ 25,316

 

CHANGES IN THE PROJECTED BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS

 

      Years Ended February 28  
      Pension Plan     Restoration Plan    Total  

(In thousands)

   2006     2005     2006    2005    2006     2005  

Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year

   $ 48,674     $ 35,918     $ 4,508    $ 3,596    $ 53,182     $ 39,514  

Service cost

     8,780       6,557       480      343      9,260       6,900  

Interest cost

     2,794       2,152       259      232      3,053       2,384  

Plan amendments

     —         —         —        267      —         267  

Actuarial loss

     11,317       4,365       1,617      70      12,934       4,435  

Benefits paid

     (213 )     (318 )     —        —        (213 )     (318 )
                                              

Projected benefit obligation at end of year

   $ 71,352     $ 48,674     $ 6,864    $ 4,508    $ 78,216     $ 53,182  
                                              

 

WEIGHTED AVERAGE ASSUMPTIONS USED TO DETERMINE THE BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS

 

      As of February 28  
      Pension Plan     Restoration Plan  
      2006     2005     2006     2005  

Discount rate

   5.75 %   5.75 %   5.75 %   5.75 %

Rate of compensation increase

   5.00 %   5.00 %   7.00 %   7.00 %

 

ESTIMATED FUTURE BENEFIT PAYMENTS

 

(In thousands)

   Pension
Plan
   Restoration
Plan

Fiscal 2007

   $ 233    $ 72

Fiscal 2008

   $ 327    $ 134

Fiscal 2009

   $ 476    $ 228

Fiscal 2010

   $ 678    $ 286

Fiscal 2011

   $ 954    $ 322

Fiscal 2012 through 2016

   $ 10,999    $ 1,988

 

CARMAX 2006 49


Funding Policy. For the defined benefit pension plan, the company contributes amounts sufficient to meet minimum funding requirements as set forth in the employee benefit and tax laws plus any additional amounts as the company may determine to be appropriate. The company expects to contribute at least $11.0 million to the pension plan in fiscal 2007.

Funded Status. The funded status represents the difference between the projected benefit obligations and the market value of the assets.

 

FUNDED STATUS RECONCILIATION

 

     As of February 28  
     Pension Plan     Restoration Plan     Total  

(In thousands)

   2006     2005     2006     2005     2006     2005  

Funded status

   $ (39,392 )   $ (23,358 )   $ (6,864 )   $ (4,508 )   $ (46,256 )   $ (27,866 )

Unrecognized actuarial loss

     23,947       13,877       3,427       1,945       27,374       15,822  

Unrecognized prior service cost

     220       257       217       242       437       499  
                                                

Net amount recognized

   $ (15,225 )   $ (9,224 )   $ (3,220 )   $ (2,321 )   $ (18,445 )   $ (11,545 )
                                                

 

COMPONENTS OF NET PENSION EXPENSE

 

      Years Ended February 28 or 29  
      Pension Plan     Restoration Plan    Total  

(In thousands)

   2006     2005     2004     2006    2005    2004    2006     2005     2004  

Service cost

   $ 8,780     $ 6,557     $ 5,529     $ 480    $ 343    $ 231    $ 9,260     $ 6,900     $ 5,760  

Interest cost

     2,794       2,152       1,679       259      232      126      3,053       2,384       1,805  

Expected return on plan assets

     (2,071 )     (1,523 )     (892 )     —        —        —        (2,071 )     (1,523 )     (892 )

Amortization of prior service cost

     37       37       37       24      24      —        61       61       37  

Recognized actuarial loss

     961       736       647       136      149      53      1,097       885       700  
                                                                     

Net pension expense

   $ 10,501     $ 7,959     $ 7,000     $ 899    $ 748    $ 410    $ 11,400     $ 8,707     $ 7,410  
                                                                     

 

WEIGHTED AVERAGE ASSUMPTIONS USED TO DETERMINE NET PENSION EXPENSE

 

      Years Ended February 28 or 29  
      Pension Plan     Restoration Plan  
      2006     2005     2004     2006     2005     2004  

Discount rate

   5.75 %   6.00 %   6.50 %   5.75 %   6.00 %   6.50 %

Expected rate of return on plan assets

   8.00 %   8.00 %   9.00 %   —       —       —    

Rate of compensation increase

   5.00 %   5.00 %   6.00 %   7.00 %   7.00 %   6.00 %

 

Assumptions Used to Determine Plan Information. Underlying both the calculation of the projected benefit obligation and the net periodic plan expense are actuarial calculations of each plan’s liability. These calculations use participant-specific information such as salary, age, and years of service, as well as certain assumptions, the most significant being the discount rate, expected rate of return on plan assets, rate of compensation increase, and mortality rate. The company evaluates these assumptions, at a minimum, annually, and makes changes as necessary.

The discount rate assumption used for the retirement benefit plan accounting reflects the yields available on high-quality, fixed income debt instruments. For the company’s plans, we review high-quality corporate bond indices in addition to a hypothetical portfolio of corporate bonds constructed with maturities that approximate the expected timing of the anticipated benefit payments.

 

CARMAX 2006 50


To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, the company considers the current and expected asset allocations, as well as historical and expected returns on various categories of pension plan assets. The company applies the expected rate of return to a market-related value of assets, which reduces the underlying variability in assets to which the expected return is applied. The use of expected long-term rates of return on pension plan assets may result in recognized pension income that is greater or less than the actual returns of those pension plan assets in any given year. Over time, however, the expected long-term returns are designed to approximate the actual long-term returns and therefore result in a pattern of income and expense recognition that more closely matches the pattern of the services provided by the employees. Differences between actual and expected returns, a component of unrecognized actuarial gains/losses, are recognized over the average future expected service of the active employees in the pension plan.

The rate of compensation increases is determined by the company, based upon its long-term plans for such increases. Mortality rate assumptions are based on the life expectancy of the population, and this assumption was updated as of February 28, 2006, to account for recent improvements in mortality.

 

  (B) 401(k) Plan

CarMax sponsors a 401(k) plan for all associates meeting certain eligibility criteria. Under the plan, eligible associates can contribute up to 40% of their salaries, and the company matches a portion of those contributions. The total cost for matching contributions was $2.0 million in fiscal 2006, $1.5 million in fiscal 2005, and $1.2 million in fiscal 2004.

 

9 DEBT

 

      As of February 28

(In thousands)

   2006    2005

Revolving credit agreement

   $ 159,263    $ 65,197

Obligations under capital leases [Note 12]

     35,749      28,749

Term loan

     —        100,000
             

Total debt

     195,012      193,946

Less current portion:

     

Revolving credit agreement

     59,263      65,197

Obligations under capital leases

     962      330
             

Total long-term debt, excluding current portion

   $ 134,787    $ 128,419
             

 

In August 2005, CarMax entered into a $450 million, four-year revolving credit facility (the “credit agreement”) with Bank of America, N.A. and various other financial institutions and terminated its existing $300 million revolving credit and term loan facility. The credit agreement is secured by vehicle inventory and contains customary representations and warranties, conditions, and covenants. Borrowings accrue interest at variable rates based on LIBOR, the federal funds rate, or the prime rate, depending on the type of borrowing. The company pays a commitment fee on the used and unused portions of the available funds. All outstanding principal amounts will be due and payable in August 2009, and there are no penalties for prepayment.

The aggregate borrowing limit includes a $25 million limit on new vehicle swing line loans, a $25 million limit on other swing line loans, and a $30 million limit on standby letters of credit. Borrowings on each of the swing lines are due on demand and must be repaid monthly or refinanced through other committed borrowings under the credit agreement.

As of February 28, 2006, $159.3 million was outstanding under the credit agreement, with the remainder fully available to the company. The outstanding balance included $0.5 million of swing line loans classified as short-term debt, $58.8 million classified as current portion of long-term debt, and $100.0 million classified as long-term debt. The determination of the amount classified as long-term debt was based on management’s intent as to that portion expected to remain outstanding for more than one year from the balance sheet date.

The company has recorded six capital leases for store facilities. The related capital lease assets are included in property and equipment. These leases were structured at varying interest rates with initial lease terms ranging from 10 to 20 years with payments made monthly. The present value of future minimum lease payments totaled $35.7 million at February 28, 2006.

The weighted average interest rate on outstanding short-term debt was 5.5% during fiscal 2006, 4.3% during fiscal 2005, and 3.5% during fiscal 2004.

The company capitalizes interest in connection with the construction of certain facilities. Capitalized interest totaled $6.0 million in fiscal 2006, $3.5 million in fiscal 2005, and $2.5 million in fiscal 2004.

 

CARMAX 2006 51


10 STOCK AND STOCK-BASED INCENTIVE PLANS

 

  (A) Shareholder Rights Plan and Undesignated Preferred Stock

In conjunction with the company’s shareholder rights plan, shareholders received preferred stock purchase rights as a dividend at the rate of one right for each share of CarMax, Inc. common stock owned. The rights are exercisable only upon the attainment of, or the commencement of a tender offer to attain, a 15% or greater ownership interest in the company by a person or group. When exercisable, each right would entitle the holder to buy one one-thousandth of a share of Cumulative Participating Preferred Stock, Series A, $20 par value, at an exercise price of $140 per share, subject to adjustment. A total of 120,000 shares of such preferred stock, which has preferential dividend and liquidation rights, have been authorized and designated. No such shares are outstanding. In the event that an acquiring person or group acquires the specified ownership percentage of CarMax, Inc. common stock (except pursuant to a cash tender offer for all outstanding shares determined to be fair by the board of directors) or engages in certain transactions with the company after the rights become exercisable, each right will be converted into a right to purchase, for half the current market price at that time, shares of CarMax, Inc. common stock valued at two times the exercise price. The company also has an additional 19,880,000 authorized shares of undesignated preferred stock of which no shares are outstanding.

 

  (B) Stock Incentive Plans

The company maintains long-term incentive plans for management, key employees, and the non-employee members of the board of directors. The plans allow for the grant of equity-based compensation awards, including nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, stock grants, or a combination of awards. As of February 28, 2006, a total of 17,000,000 shares of CarMax common stock have been authorized to be issued under the long-term incentive plans. The number of unissued common shares reserved for future grants under the long-term incentive plans was 6,286,198 at February 28, 2006.

Stock Options. Substantially all of the grants have been made as nonqualified stock options that vest annually in equal amounts over periods of 3 years to 4 years. These options generally expire no later than ten years after the date of grant.

STOCK OPTION ACTIVITY

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29
     2006      2005      2004

(Shares in thousands)

   Shares     Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
     Shares     Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
     Shares     Weighted
Average
Exercise Price

Outstanding at beginning of year

   7,092     $ 17.45      5,676     $ 12.24      4,345     $ 10.25

Granted

   2,640     $ 26.53      2,126     $ 29.47      2,154     $ 14.59

Exercised

   (651 )   $ 9.13      (522 )   $ 8.40      (693 )   $ 6.53

Cancelled

   (312 )   $ 24.37      (188 )   $ 21.50      (130 )   $ 14.88
                                          

Outstanding at end of year

   8,769     $ 20.55      7,092     $ 17.45      5,676     $ 12.24
                                          

Exercisable at end of year

   3,627     $ 13.99      2,693     $ 9.93      1,839     $ 8.02
                                          

 

OUTSTANDING STOCK OPTIONS

 

As of February 28, 2006    Options Outstanding    Options Exercisable

(Shares in thousands)

Range of Exercise Prices

   Number
Outstanding
   Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
   Weighted Average
Exercise Price
   Number
Exercisable
   Weighted Average
Exercise Price
$1.63 to $ 3.31    501    1.0    $ 1.79    501    $ 1.79
$ 4.89    937    2.0    $ 4.89    937    $ 4.89
$ 6.06    245    0.3    $ 6.06    245    $ 6.06
$13.25 to $ 18.60    1,711    7.0    $ 14.32    792    $ 14.34
$20.00 to $ 26.83    3,241    7.6    $ 26.43    640    $ 26.67
$28.26 to $ 43.44    2,134    8.0    $ 29.56    512    $ 29.97
                            
Total    8,769    6.4    $ 20.55    3,627    $ 13.99
                            

 

CARMAX 2006 52


Restricted Stock Awards. Restricted stock awards are issued in the name of the employee, who has all the rights of a shareholder, subject to certain restrictions or forfeitures. The restrictions generally expire either three or four years after the date of grant. No restricted stock awards were granted in fiscal 2006 or fiscal 2005.

At the date of grant, the market value of restricted shares is recorded as unearned compensation and is a component of equity. Unearned compensation is expensed over the restriction period. The total expense for restricted stock was $53,700 in fiscal 2006; $108,000 in fiscal 2005; and $121,500 in fiscal 2004. There were no outstanding restricted shares at February 28, 2006. At February 28, 2005, there were 23,918 restricted shares outstanding.

 

  (C) Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The company has an employee stock purchase plan for all employees meeting certain eligibility criteria. Employee contributions are limited to 10% of eligible compensation, up to a maximum of $7,500 per year. For each $1.00 contributed by employees to the plan, the company matches $0.15. CarMax has authorized up to 1,000,000 shares of common stock for the employee stock purchase plan. The source of the shares available for purchase by employees may, at the company’s option, be open market purchases or newly issued shares.

At February 28, 2006, a total of 302,227 shares remained available under the plan. Shares purchased on the open market on behalf of employees were 213,659 during fiscal 2006; 225,961 during fiscal 2005; and 161,662 during fiscal 2004. The average price per share purchased under the plan was $28.83 in fiscal 2006, $25.96 in fiscal 2005, and $29.97 in fiscal 2004. The total cost for matching contributions was $803,600 in fiscal 2006; $746,700 in fiscal 2005; and $598,600 in fiscal 2004.

 

11 NET EARNINGS PER SHARE

BASIC AND DILUTIVE NET EARNINGS PER SHARE RECONCILIATIONS

 

     Years Ended February 28 or 29

(In thousands except per share data)

   2006    2005    2004

Net earnings available to common shareholders

   $ 148,055    $ 112,928    $ 116,450

Weighted average common shares outstanding

     104,635      104,036      103,503

Dilutive potential common shares:

        

Stock options

     1,698      1,728      2,113

Restricted stock

     11      15      12
                    

Weighted average common shares and dilutive potential common shares

     106,344      105,779      105,628
                    

Basic net earnings per share

   $ 1.41    $ 1.09    $ 1.13

Diluted net earnings per share

   $ 1.39    $ 1.07    $ 1.10

 

Certain options were outstanding and not included in the calculation of diluted net earnings per share because the options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares. As of February 28, 2006, options to purchase 1,890,921 shares of common stock with exercise prices ranging from $29.61 to $43.44 per share were outstanding and not included in the calculation. As of February 28, 2005, options to purchase 26,580 shares with exercise prices ranging from $30.34 to $43.44 per share were outstanding and not included in the calculation. As of February 29, 2004, options to purchase 18,364 shares with exercise prices ranging from $35.23 to $43.44 per share were outstanding and not included in the calculation.

 

12 LEASE COMMITMENTS

The company conducts a majority of its business in leased premises. The company’s lease obligations are based upon contractual minimum rates. Most leases provide that the company pays taxes, maintenance, insurance, and operating expenses applicable to the premises. The initial term of most real property leases will expire within the next 20 years; however, most of the leases have options providing for renewal periods of 5 to 20 years at terms similar to the initial terms. For operating leases, rent is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, including scheduled rent increases and rent holidays. Rent expense for all operating leases was $72.6 million in fiscal 2006, $61.5 million in fiscal 2005, and $54.2 million in fiscal 2004.

 

CARMAX 2006 53


FUTURE MINIMUM FIXED LEASE OBLIGATIONS

 

     As of February 28, 2006

(In thousands)

   Capital
Leases (1)
    Operating
Leases (1)

Fiscal 2007

   $ 4,453     $ 68,597

Fiscal 2008

     4,453       68,976

Fiscal 2009

     4,462       69,665

Fiscal 2010

     4,627       70,371

Fiscal 2011

     4,777       70,687

Fiscal 2012 and thereafter

     48,690       633,944
              

Total minimum lease payments

     71,462     $ 982,240
        

Less amounts representing interest

     (35,713 )  
          

Present value of net minimum capital lease payments [Note 9]

   $ 35,749    
          

 

  (1) Future minimum fixed lease obligations exclude taxes, insurance, and other costs payable directly by the company.

 

The company entered into sale-leaseback transactions involving five superstores valued at approximately $72.7 million in fiscal 2006, and sale-leaseback transactions for seven superstores valued at approximately $84.0 million in fiscal 2005. All sale-leaseback transactions are structured at competitive rates. Gains or losses on sale-leaseback transactions are recorded as deferred rent and amortized over the lease term. The company does not have continuing involvement under the sale-leaseback transactions. In conjunction with certain sale-leaseback transactions, the company must meet financial covenants relating to minimum tangible net worth and minimum coverage of rent expense. The company was in compliance with all such covenants at February 28, 2006.

 

13 SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION

 

  (A) Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Other assets on the consolidated balance sheets included goodwill and other intangibles with a carrying value of $15.0 million as of February 28, 2006, and February 28, 2005.

 

  (B) Accrued Compensation and Benefits

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets included accrued compensation and benefits of $75.8 million as of February 28, 2006, and $53.8 million as of February 28, 2005.

 

  (C) Advertising Expense

Selling, general, and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings included advertising expense of $86.7 million in fiscal 2006, $73.6 million in fiscal 2005, and $62.4 million in fiscal 2004. Advertising expenses were 1.4% of net sales and operating revenues for fiscal 2006, fiscal 2005, and fiscal 2004.

 

14 CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

 

  (A) Litigation

In the normal course of business, the company is involved in various legal proceedings. Based upon the company’s evaluation of the information presently available, management believes that the ultimate resolution of any such proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the company’s financial position, liquidity, or results of operations.

 

  (B) Other Matters

In accordance with the terms of real estate lease agreements, the company generally agrees to indemnify the lessor from certain liabilities arising as a result of the use of the leased premises, including environmental liabilities and repairs to leased property upon termination of the lease. Additionally, in accordance with the terms of agreements entered into for the sale of properties, the company generally agrees to indemnify the buyer from certain liabilities and costs arising subsequent to the date of the sale, including environmental liabilities and liabilities resulting from the breach of representations or warranties made in accordance with the agreements. The company does not have any known material environmental commitments, contingencies, or other indemnification issues arising from these arrangements.

 

CARMAX 2006 54


As part of its customer service strategy, the company guarantees the used vehicles it retails with a 30-day limited warranty. A vehicle in need of repair within 30 days of the customer’s purchase will be repaired free of charge. As a result, each vehicle sold has an implied liability associated with it. Accordingly, the company records a provision for estimated repairs during the guarantee period for each vehicle sold based on historical trends. The liability for this guarantee was $1.9 million at February 28, 2006 and February 28, 2005, and is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

 

15 RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (Revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” that will require the company to expense costs related to stock-based compensation, including employee stock options. With limited exceptions, SFAS No. 123(R) requires that the fair value of share-based payments to employees be expensed over the period service is received. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an alternative. Effective March 1, 2006, the company adopted SFAS No. 123(R), applying the modified retrospective method whereby prior period financial statements will be restated based on the amounts previously reported in the pro forma footnote disclosures required by SFAS No. 123.

SFAS No. 123(R) allows the use of either closed form (e.g., Black-Scholes) models or open form (e.g., lattice or binomial) models to measure the fair value of the share-based payment as long as that model is capable of incorporating all of the substantive characteristics unique to stock-based awards. In accordance with the transition provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), the expense attributable to a stock-based award will be measured in accordance with the company’s measurement model at that award’s date of grant. The company intends to use a lattice model to value stock-based awards granted during fiscal 2007.

The company believes the pro forma disclosures in Note 2(P), “Stock-Based Compensation,” have provided an appropriate short-term indicator of the level of expense that will be recognized in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R). However, the total expense recorded in future periods will depend on several variables, including the type of stock-based awards granted, the number of stock-based awards that vest, the fair value of those vested awards, the retirement eligibility date of associates receiving awards, and the model used to measure the fair value.

 

16 SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)

 

     First Quarter    Second Quarter      Third Quarter    Fourth Quarter      Fiscal Year

(In thousands
except per
share data)

   2006    2005    2006    2005      2006    2005    2006    2005      2006    2005

Net sales and operating revenues

   $ 1,578,360    $ 1,324,990    $ 1,633,853    $ 1,323,507      $ 1,423,980    $ 1,215,711    $ 1,623,774    $ 1,396,054      $ 6,259,967    $ 5,260,262

Gross profit

   $ 197,759    $ 167,230    $ 208,584    $ 163,200      $ 177,173    $ 145,446    $ 207,198    $ 174,320      $ 790,714    $ 650,196

CarMax Auto Finance income

   $ 27,071    $ 21,816    $ 23,824    $ 20,744      $ 27,971    $ 20,439    $ 25,461    $ 19,657      $ 104,327    $ 82,656

Selling, general, and administrative expenses

   $ 159,235    $ 130,688    $ 165,274    $ 134,726      $ 161,727    $ 137,170    $ 165,752    $ 143,993      $ 651,988    $ 546,577

(Loss) gain on franchise dispositions

   $ —      $ —      $ —      $ (11 )    $ —      $ 692    $       $ (48 )    $ —      $ 633

Net earnings

   $ 39,818    $ 35,330    $ 41,422    $ 29,859      $ 26,412    $ 18,045    $ 40,403    $ 29,694      $ 148,055    $ 112,928

Net earnings per share:

                             

Basic

   $ 0.38    $ 0.34    $ 0.40    $ 0.29      $ 0.25    $ 0.17    $ 0.39    $ 0.28      $ 1.41    $ 1.09

Diluted

   $ 0.37    $ 0.33    $ 0.39    $ 0.28      $ 0.25    $ 0.17    $ 0.38    $ 0.28      $ 1.39    $ 1.07

 

CARMAX 2006 55


MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the company. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework and criteria established in Internal Control–Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of February 28, 2006.

KPMG LLP, the company’s independent registered public accounting firm, has issued a report on our management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting. Their report is included herein.

 

LOGO
AUSTIN LIGON

PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

LOGO
KEITH D. BROWNING
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

 

CARMAX 2006 56


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Shareholders

CarMax, Inc.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CarMax, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of February 28, 2006 and 2005, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended February 28, 2006. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of CarMax, Inc. and subsidiaries as of February 28, 2006 and February 28, 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended February 28, 2006, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control–Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated May 12, 2006, expressed an unqualified opinion on management’s assessment of, and the effective operation of, internal control over financial reporting.

 

LOGO

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA

MAY 12, 2006

 

CARMAX 2006 57


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Shareholders

CarMax, Inc.:

We have audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting that CarMax, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on management’s assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, management’s assessment that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2006, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of CarMax, Inc. and subsidiaries as of February 28, 2006 and February 28, 2005, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended February 28, 2006, and our report dated May 12, 2006 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

 

LOGO

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA

MAY 12, 2006

 

CARMAX 2006 58


CORPORATE AND SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

HOME OFFICE

CarMax, Inc.

12800 Tuckahoe Creek Parkway

Richmond, Virginia 23238

Telephone: (804) 747-0422

WEBSITE

www.carmax.com

ANNUAL SHAREHOLDERS’ MEETING

Tuesday, June 20, 2006, at 10:00 a.m.

The Richmond Marriott West Hotel

4240 Dominion Boulevard

Glen Allen, Virginia 23060

STOCK INFORMATION

CarMax, Inc. common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol KMX.

At February 28, 2006, there were approximately 4,200 CarMax shareholders of record.

QUARTERLY STOCK PRICE RANGE

The following table sets forth by fiscal quarter the high and low reported prices of the company’s common stock for the last two fiscal years:

 

     First
Quarter
   Second
Quarter
   Third
Quarter
   Fourth
Quarter

Fiscal 2006

           

High

   $ 34.00    $ 34.25    $ 32.00    $ 31.85

Low

   $ 24.88    $ 24.64    $ 26.01    $ 26.40

Fiscal 2005

           

High

   $ 36.20    $ 23.79    $ 30.25    $ 34.80

Low

   $ 20.60    $ 18.05    $ 19.23    $ 26.05

DIVIDEND POLICY

To date, CarMax has not paid a cash dividend on its common stock. The company presently intends to retain its net earnings for use in its operations and for geographic expansion and, therefore, does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

Contact our transfer agent for questions regarding your stock certificates, including changes of address, name, or ownership; lost certificates; or to consolidate multiple accounts.

Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

P.O. Box 64854

South St. Paul, Minnesota 55164-0854

Toll free: (800) 468-9716

Hearing impaired: (651) 450-4144

www.wellsfargo.com/shareownerservices

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

KPMG LLP

1021 East Cary Street, Suite 2000

Richmond, Virginia 23219-4023

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

For quarterly sales and earnings information, financial reports, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (including Form 10-K), news releases, and other investor information, please visit our investor website at http://investor.carmax.com. Information may also be obtained from the Investor Relations Department at: E-mail: investor_relations@carmax.com Telephone: (804) 747-0422,

ext. 4489

CEO AND CFO CERTIFICATIONS

CarMax’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer have filed with the SEC the certifications required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 regarding the quality of the company’s public disclosure. These certifications are included as exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2006. In addition, CarMax’s chief executive officer annually certifies to the NYSE that he is not aware of any violation by CarMax of the NYSE’s corporate governance listing standards. This certification was submitted, without qualification, as required after the 2005 annual meeting of CarMax’s shareholders.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE INFORMATION

Copies of the CarMax Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Code of Conduct, and the charters for each of the Audit Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee, and Compensation and Personnel Committee are available from our investor website, at http://investor.carmax.com, under the corporate governance tab. Alternatively, shareholders may obtain, without charge, copies of these documents by writing to Investor Relations at the CarMax home office.

INVESTOR RELATIONS

Security analysts are invited to contact:

Dandy Barrett, Assistant Vice President, Investor Relations

Telephone: (804) 935-4591

GENERAL INFORMATION

Members of the media and others seeking general information about CarMax should contact:

Lisa Van Riper, Assistant Vice President, Public Affairs

Telephone: (804) 935-4594

 

CARMAX, CARMAX THE AUTO SUPERSTORE, THE CARMAX ADVANTAGE, 5 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE (and design), VALUMAX, and CARMAX.COM are all registered trademarks or service marks of CarMax. Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or service marks of their respective owners.

 

CARMAX 2006 61