XML 20 R8.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.5.0.2
Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
May 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Accounting Policies
Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates.  The accompanying interim unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CarMax and our wholly owned subsidiaries.  All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.  These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.  In the opinion of management, such interim consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented.  The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year.  These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2016.
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.  Amounts and percentages may not total due to rounding.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, we reclassified New Vehicle Sales to Other Sales and Revenues and no longer separately present New Vehicle Sales. All periods presented have been revised for this new presentation.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents.  Cash equivalents of approximately $14.2 million as of May 31, 2016, and $109,000 as of February 29, 2016, consisted of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
 
Restricted Cash from Collections on Auto Loan Receivables.  Cash equivalents totaling $364.2 million as of May 31, 2016, and $343.8 million as of February 29, 2016, consisted of collections of principal, interest and fee payments on securitized auto loan receivables that are restricted for payment to the securitization investors pursuant to the applicable securitization agreements.
 
Securitizations.  We maintain a revolving securitization program composed of two warehouse facilities (“warehouse facilities”) that we use to fund auto loan receivables originated by CAF until we elect to fund them through a term securitization or alternative funding arrangement.  We sell the auto loan receivables to one of two wholly owned, bankruptcy-remote, special purpose entities that transfer an undivided percentage ownership interest in the receivables, but not the receivables themselves, to entities formed by third-party investors.  These entities issue asset-backed commercial paper or utilize other funding sources supported by the transferred receivables, and the proceeds are used to finance the securitized receivables.
 
We typically use term securitizations to provide long-term funding for most of the auto loan receivables initially securitized through the warehouse facilities.  In these transactions, a pool of auto loan receivables is sold to a bankruptcy-remote, special purpose entity that, in turn, transfers the receivables to a special purpose securitization trust.  The securitization trust issues asset-backed securities, secured or otherwise supported by the transferred receivables, and the proceeds from the sale of the asset-backed securities are used to finance the securitized receivables.
 
We are required to evaluate term securitization trusts for consolidation.  In our capacity as servicer, we have the power to direct the activities of the trusts that most significantly impact the economic performance of the trusts.  In addition, we have the obligation to absorb losses (subject to limitations) and the rights to receive any returns of the trusts, which could be significant.  Accordingly, we are the primary beneficiary of the trusts and are required to consolidate them.
 
We recognize transfers of auto loan receivables into the warehouse facilities and term securitizations (“securitization vehicles”) as secured borrowings, which result in recording the auto loan receivables and the related non-recourse notes payable on our consolidated balance sheets.
 
The securitized receivables can only be used as collateral to settle obligations of the securitization vehicles.  The securitization vehicles and investors have no recourse to our assets beyond the securitized receivables, the amounts on deposit in reserve accounts and the restricted cash from collections on auto loan receivables.  We have not provided financial or other support to the securitization vehicles that was not previously contractually required, and there are no additional arrangements, guarantees or other commitments that could require us to provide financial support to the securitization vehicles.
 
See Notes 4 and 10 for additional information on auto loan receivables and non-recourse notes payable.

Auto Loan Receivables, Net.  Auto loan receivables include amounts due from customers related to retail vehicle sales financed through CAF.  The receivables are presented net of an allowance for estimated loan losses.  The allowance for loan losses represents an estimate of the amount of net losses inherent in our portfolio of managed receivables as of the applicable reporting date and anticipated to occur during the following 12 months.  The allowance is primarily based on the credit quality of the underlying receivables, historical loss trends and forecasted forward loss curves.  We also take into account recent trends in delinquencies and defaults, recovery rates and the economic environment.  The provision for loan losses is the periodic expense of maintaining an adequate allowance.
 
An account is considered delinquent when the related customer fails to make a substantial portion of a scheduled payment on or before the due date.  In general, accounts are charged-off on the last business day of the month during which the earliest of the following occurs:  the receivable is 120 days or more delinquent as of the last business day of the month, the related vehicle is repossessed and liquidated, or the receivable is otherwise deemed uncollectible.  For purposes of determining impairment, auto loans are evaluated collectively, as they represent a large group of smaller-balance homogeneous loans, and therefore, are not individually evaluated for impairment.  See Note 4 for additional information on auto loan receivables.
 
Interest income and expenses related to auto loans are included in CAF income.  Interest income on auto loan receivables is recognized when earned based on contractual loan terms.  All loans continue to accrue interest until repayment or charge-off.  Direct costs associated with loan originations are not considered material, and thus, are expensed as incurred.  See Note 3 for additional information on CAF income.
 
Property and Equipment.  Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization of $954.4 million and $925.3 million as of May 31, 2016 and February 29, 2016, respectively.
 
Other Assets.  Other assets includes amounts classified as restricted cash on deposit in reserve accounts and restricted investments.  The restricted cash on deposit in reserve accounts is for the benefit of holders of non-recourse notes payable, and these funds are not expected to be available to the company or its creditors.  In the event that the cash generated by the securitized receivables in a given period was insufficient to pay the interest, principal and other required payments, the balances on deposit in the reserve accounts would be used to pay those amounts.  Restricted cash on deposit in reserve accounts is invested in money market securities and was $49.7 million as of May 31, 2016, and $46.6 million as of February 29, 2016.
 
Restricted investments includes money market securities primarily held to satisfy certain insurance program requirements, as well as mutual funds held in a rabbi trust established to fund informally our executive deferred compensation plan.  Restricted investments totaled $66.1 million as of May 31, 2016, and $63.0 million as of February 29, 2016.
 
Revenue Recognition.    We recognize revenue when the earnings process is complete, generally either at the time of sale to a customer or upon delivery to a customer.  As part of our customer service strategy, we guarantee the retail vehicles we sell with a 5‑day, money-back guarantee.  We record a reserve for estimated returns based on historical experience and trends.
 
We also sell ESP and GAP products on behalf of unrelated third parties, who are the primary obligors, to customers who purchase a vehicle.  The ESPs we currently offer on all used vehicles provide coverage up to 60 months (subject to mileage limitations), while GAP covers the customer for the term of their finance contract. We recognize revenue at the time of sale, net of a reserve for estimated contract cancellations.  Periodically, we may receive additional revenue based upon the level of underwriting profits of the third parties who administer the products.  These additional amounts are recognized as revenue when received.  The reserve for cancellations is evaluated for each product, and is based on forecasted forward cancellation curves utilizing historical experience, recent trends and credit mix of the customer base.  Our risk related to contract cancellations is limited to the revenue that we receive.  Cancellations fluctuate depending on the volume of EPP sales, customer financing default or prepayment rates, and shifts in customer behavior, including those related to changes in the coverage or term of the product.  The current portion of estimated cancellation reserves is recognized as a component of accrued expenses and other current liabilities with the remaining amount recognized in other liabilities.  See Note 7 for additional information on cancellation reserves.
 
Customers applying for financing who are not approved or are conditionally approved by CAF are generally evaluated by other third-party finance providers.  These providers generally either pay us or are paid a fixed, pre-negotiated fee per contract.  We recognize these fees at the time of sale.
 
We collect sales taxes and other taxes from customers on behalf of governmental authorities at the time of sale.  These taxes are accounted for on a net basis and are not included in net sales and operating revenues or cost of sales.
 
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.  We enter into derivative instruments to manage certain risks arising from both our business operations and economic conditions that result in the future known receipt or payment of uncertain cash amounts, the values of which are impacted by interest rates.  We recognize the derivatives at fair value as either current assets or current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, and where applicable, such contracts covered by master netting agreements are reported net.  Gross positive fair values are netted with gross negative fair values by counterparty.  The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting.  We may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain risks, even though hedge accounting may not apply or we do not elect to apply hedge accounting.  See Note 5 for additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements.
Effective in the Current Period. In June 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2014-12) related to the accounting for share-based payments when the terms of an award provide that a performance target could be achieved after the requisite service period. This pronouncement requires that such performance targets should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value of the award, and that compensation cost be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved, in an amount that represents the compensation cost attributable to the period for which the requisite service has been rendered. We adopted this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning March 1, 2016, and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2015, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2015-01) related to the disclosure requirements for extraordinary items (FASB ASC Subtopic 225-20). The pronouncement eliminates the concept of extraordinary items on the income statement. We adopted this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning March 1, 2016, and there was no effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2015, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2015-02) related to the elimination of guidance that has allowed entities with interest in certain investment funds to follow earlier consolidation guidance and makes changes to both the variable interest model and the voting interest model (FASB ASC 810). This pronouncement requires all entities to re-evaluate consolidation conclusions regarding variable interest entities. We adopted this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning March 1, 2016, and there was no impact to our consolidation conclusions regarding variable interest entities or on our consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2015-03) related to the presentation of debt issuance costs (FASB ASC Subtopic 835-30). A clarification to this pronouncement was later issued in August 2015 (FASB ASU 2015-15) related to the presentation of debt issuance costs associated with line-of-credit arrangements. ASU 2015-03 requires debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the debt liability rather than as an asset. These costs will continue to be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method. ASU 2015-15 clarifies that debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements may continue to be presented as an asset and be subsequently amortized over the term of the arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the arrangement. We adopted these pronouncements retrospectively for our fiscal year beginning March 1, 2016, and have reclassified all debt issuance costs, except for those associated with our revolving credit facility, from other assets to a reduction of the carrying amount of the related debt liability for the current and all prior periods. See Note 10 for additional information.
In April 2015, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2015-05), which provides guidance regarding whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license (FASB ASC Subtopic 350-40). If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the entity should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the entity should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance does not change GAAP for an entity’s accounting for service contracts. We adopted this guidance for our fiscal year beginning March 1, 2016, and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In May 2015, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2015-07), which eliminates the requirement for entities to categorize within the fair value hierarchy investments for which fair values are measured at net asset value (“NAV”) per share (FASB ASC Subtopic 820-10). This pronouncement also removes the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient, instead limiting disclosures to investments for which the entity has elected the expedient. We adopted this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning March 1, 2016, and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2016-06) related to the embedded derivative analysis for debt instruments with contingent call or put options. This pronouncement clarifies that an exercise contingency does not need to be evaluated to determine whether it relates only to interest rates or credit risk. Instead, the contingent put or call option should be evaluated for possible bifurcation as a derivative in accordance with the four-step decision sequence detailed in FASB ASC 815-15, without regard to the nature of the exercise contingency. We early adopted this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning March 1, 2016, and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Effective in Future Periods. In May 2016, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2016-12), which provided narrow scope improvements and practical expedients related to FASB ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The improvements address completed contracts and contract modifications at transition, noncash consideration, the presentation of sales taxes and other taxes collected from customers, and assessment of collectibility when determining whether a transaction represents a valid contract. The pronouncement has the same effective date as the new revenue standard, which is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. We will adopt this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning March 1, 2018 and do not expect it to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (FASB ASU 2016-13) related to the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. The pronouncement changes the impairment model for most financial assets, and will require the use of an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. Under this model, entities will be required to estimate the lifetime expected credit loss on such instruments and record an allowance to offset the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, resulting in a net presentation of the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. We plan to adopt this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning March 1, 2020 and are currently evaluating the effect on our consolidated financial statements.