10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017

OR

oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                    to                       

Commission file number: 001-35155

BOINGO WIRELESS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	95-4856877
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
10960 Wilshire Blvd., 23rd Floor
Los Angeles, California	90024
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(310) 586-5180

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  x  No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).   Yes  x  No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer o	Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller Reporting Company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
	Emerging Growth Company  o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes  o  No  x

As of April 28, 2017, there were 38,984,462 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk	26
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	27
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	28
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	28
Item 6.	Exhibits	28
SIGNATURES		29

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

	March 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,978		$	19,485
Accounts receivable, net	28,150			42,978
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,587			5,344
Total current assets	52,715			67,807
Property and equipment, net	250,935			250,765
Goodwill	42,403			42,403
Intangible assets, net	12,867			13,783
Other assets	6,228			6,223
Total assets	$	365,148		$	380,981
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	10,036		$	15,516
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	25,327			27,723
Deferred revenue	55,081			50,869
Current portion of long-term debt	875			1,094
Current portion of capital leases and notes payable	4,243			3,993
Total current liabilities	95,562			99,195
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	150,764			152,719
Long-term debt	10,656			15,875
Long-term portion of capital leases and notes payable	4,128			4,612
Deferred tax liabilities	3,386			3,208
Other liabilities	6,723			6,826
Total liabilities	271,219			282,435
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; 38,951 and 38,562 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	4			4
Additional paid-in capital	213,510			211,275
Accumulated deficit	(119,481		)	(112,601		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(808		)	(870		)
Total common stockholders’ equity	93,225			97,808
Non-controlling interests	704			738
Total stockholders’ equity	93,929			98,546
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	365,148		$	380,981

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
Revenue	$	44,333		$	34,499
Costs and operating expenses:
Network access	19,407			14,678
Network operations	11,263			10,450
Development and technology	6,334			5,353
Selling and marketing	4,893			4,668
General and administrative	8,103			8,152
Amortization of intangible assets	911			865
Total costs and operating expenses	50,911			44,166
Loss from operations	(6,578		)	(9,667		)
Interest and other income (expense), net	4			(30		)
Loss before income taxes	(6,574		)	(9,697		)
Income tax expense	199			238
Net loss	(6,773		)	(9,935		)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	107			49
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(6,880	)	$	(9,984	)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.27	)
Diluted	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.27	)
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	38,712			37,554
Diluted	38,712			37,554

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017			2016
Net loss	$	(6,773	)	$	(9,935	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	46			93
Comprehensive loss	(6,727		)	(9,842		)
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest	91			14
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(6,818	)	$	(9,856	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

										Accumulated
	Common	Common		Additional						Other			Non-			Total
	Stock	Stock		Paid-in			Accumulated			Comprehensive			controlling			Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital			Deficit			Loss			Interests			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016	38,562	$	4	$	211,275		$	(112,601	)	$	(870	)	$	738		$	98,546
Issuance of common stock under stock incentive plans	389	—		439			—			—			—			439
Shares withheld for taxes	—	—		(1,562		)	—			—			—			(1,562		)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		3,358			—			—			—			3,358
Non-controlling interest distributions	—	—		—			—			—			(125		)	(125		)
Net loss	—	—		—			(6,880		)	—			107			(6,773		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—			—			62			(16		)	46
Balance at March 31, 2017	38,951	$	4	$	213,510		$	(119,481	)	$	(808	)	$	704		$	93,929

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(6,773	)	$	(9,935	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss including non-controlling interests to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	14,985			10,308
Amortization of intangible assets	911			865
Bad debt expense	2			—
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	9			19
Stock-based compensation	3,044			3,605
Change in deferred income taxes	121			140
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	14,844			845
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(301		)	(149		)
Accounts payable	(2,434		)	4,659
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(1,132		)	726
Deferred revenue	2,256			29,954
Net cash provided by operating activities	25,532			41,037
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(17,491		)	(45,522		)
Payments for asset acquisition	(1,150		)	—
Net cash used in investing activities	(18,641		)	(45,522		)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from credit facility	—			5,000
Principal payments on credit facility	(5,438		)	(219		)
Debt issuance costs	—			(124		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	439			1,470
Payments of capital leases and notes payable	(844		)	(718		)
Payments of withholding tax on net issuance of restricted stock units	(1,562		)	(999		)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(7,405		)	4,410
Effect of exchange rates on cash	7			8
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(507		)	(67		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	19,485			14,718
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	18,978		$	14,651
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Property and equipment costs in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	13,797		$	18,831
Purchase of equipment and prepaid maintenance services under capital financing arrangements	$	574		$	1,372
Non-controlling interest distributions declared but unpaid	$	125		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

1. The business

Boingo Wireless, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively “we, “us”, “our” or “the Company”) is a leading global provider of wireless connectivity solutions for smartphones, tablets, laptops, wearables and other wireless-enabled consumer devices. Boingo Wireless, Inc. was incorporated on April 16, 2001 in the State of Delaware. We have a diverse monetization model that enables us to generate revenues from wholesale partnerships, retail sales, and advertising across these wireless networks. Wholesale offerings include distributed antenna systems (“DAS”) and small cells, which are cellular extension networks,Wi-Fi roaming, value-added services, private label Wi-Fi and location based services. Retail products include Wi-Fi and TV services for military servicemen and women living in the barracks of U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine bases around the world, and Wi-Fi subscriptions and day passes that provide access to more than 1.5 million commercial hotspots worldwide. Advertising revenue is driven by Wi-Fi sponsorships at airports, hotels, cafes and restaurants, and public spaces. Our customers include some of the world’s largest carriers, telecommunications service providers and global consumer brands, as well as troops stationed at military bases and Internet savvy consumers on the go.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information has been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America (“U.S.”) for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2016 contained in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of our results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, and our financial position as of March 31, 2017. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for an entire year or any other future year or interim period.

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), which simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment. An entity will no longer perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Instead, impairment will be measured using the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the reporting unit. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for goodwill impairment tests with measurement dates after January 1, 2017. We elected to early adopt ASU 2017-04 as of January 1, 2017 and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), which adds or clarifies guidance to reduce diversity in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. The standard requires application using a retrospective transition method. We elected to early adopt ASU 2016-15 as of January 1, 2017 and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Principles of consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our majority owned subsidiaries. We consolidate our 70% ownership of Chicago Concourse Development Group, LLC and our 75% ownership of Boingo Holding Participacoes Ltda. in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. Other parties’ interests in consolidated entities are reported as non-controlling interests. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

9

Segment and geographical information

We operate as one reportable segment; a service provider of wireless connectivity solutions across our managed and operated network and aggregated network for mobile devices such as laptops, smartphones, tablets and other wireless-enabled consumer devices. This single segment is consistent with the internal organization structure and the manner in which operations are reviewed and managed by our Chief Executive Officer, the chief operating decision maker.

All significant long-lived tangible assets are held in the United States of America. We do not disclose sales by geographic area because to do so would be impracticable.

The following is a summary of our revenue by primary revenue source:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Revenue:
DAS	$	16,256	$	11,106
Military	12,541		9,098
Wholesale—Wi-Fi	6,831		4,937
Retail	6,415		6,914
Advertising and other	2,290		2,444
Total revenue	$	44,333	$	34,499

Revenue recognition

We generate revenue from several sources including: (i) DAS customers that are telecom operators under long-term contracts for access to our DAS at our managed and operated locations, (ii) military and retail customers under subscription plans for month-to-month network access that automatically renew, and military and retail single-use access from sales of hourly, daily or other single-use access plans, (iii) arrangements with wholesale Wi-Fi customers that provide software licensing, network access, and/or professional services fees, and (iv) display advertisements and sponsorships on our walled garden sign-in pages. Software licensed by our wholesale platform services customers can only be used during the term of the service arrangements and has no utility to them upon termination of the service arrangement.

We recognize revenue when an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, fees are fixed or determinable, no significant obligations remain related to the earned fees and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured. Revenue is presented net of any sales and value added taxes.

Revenue generated from access to our DAS networks consists of build-out fees and recurring access fees under certain long-term contracts with telecom operators. Build-out fees paid upfront are generally deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the estimated customer relationship period, once the build-out is complete. Periodically, we install and sell Wi-Fi and DAS networks to customers where we do not have service contracts or remaining obligations beyond the installation of those networks and we recognize build-out fees for such projects as revenue when the installation work is completed and the network has been accepted by the customer. Minimum monthly access fees for usage of the DAS networks are non-cancellable and generally escalate on an annual basis. These minimum monthly access fees are recognized ratably over the term of the telecom operator agreement. The initial term of our contracts with telecom operators generally range from five to twenty years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses. Revenue from DAS network access fees in excess of the monthly minimums is recognized when earned.

Subscription fees from military and retail customers are paid monthly in advance and revenue is deferred for the portions of monthly recurring subscription fees collected in advance. We provide refunds for our military and retail services on a case-by-case basis. These amounts are not significant and are recorded as contra-revenue in the period the refunds are made. Subscription fee revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period. Revenue generated from military and retail single-use access is recognized when access is provided.

Services provided to wholesale Wi-Fi partners generally contain several elements including: (i) a term license to use our software to access our Wi-Fi network, (ii) access fees for Wi-Fi network usage, and/or (iii) professional services for software integration and customization and to maintain the Wi-Fi service. The term license, monthly minimum network access fees and professional services are billed on a monthly basis based upon predetermined fixed rates. Once the term license for integration and customization are delivered, the fees from the arrangement are recognized ratably over the remaining term of the service arrangement. The initial term of the license agreements is generally between one to five years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses. Revenue for Wi-Fi network access fees in excess of the monthly minimum amounts is recognized when earned. All elements within existing service arrangements are generally delivered and earned concurrently throughout the term of the respective service arrangement.

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In instances where the minimum monthly Wi-Fi and DAS network access fees escalate over the term of the wholesale service arrangement, an unbilled receivable is recognized when performance is within our control and when we have reasonable assurance that the unbilled receivable balance will be collected.

We adopted the provisions of ASU 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, on a prospective basis on January 1, 2011. For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, we defer recognition of revenue for the full arrangement and recognize all revenue ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements, as we do not have evidence of fair value for the undelivered elements in the arrangement. For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into or materially modified after January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under ASC 605-25, we evaluate whether or not separate units of accounting exist and then allocate the arrangement consideration to all units of accounting based on the relative selling price method using estimated selling prices if vendor specific objective evidence and third party evidence is not available. We recognize the revenue associated with the separate units of accounting upon completion of such services or ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements.

Advertising revenue is generated from advertisements on our managed and operated or partner networks. In determining whether an arrangement exists, we ensure that a binding arrangement is in place, such as a standard insertion order or a fully executed customer-specific agreement. Obligations pursuant to our advertising revenue arrangements typically include a minimum number of units or the satisfaction of certain performance criteria. Advertising and other revenue is recognized when the services are performed.

Foreign currency translation

Our Brazilian subsidiary uses the Brazilian Real as its functional currency. Assets and liabilities of our Brazilian subsidiary are translated to U.S. dollars at period-end rates of exchange, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing for each month. The resulting translation adjustments are made directly to a separate component of other comprehensive loss, which is reflected in stockholders’ equity in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had $(808) and $(870), respectively, of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax, which was $0 as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 due to the full valuation allowance established against our deferred tax assets, in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Some of our subsidiaries also enter into transactions and have monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the entities’ respective functional currencies. Gains and losses from the revaluation of foreign currency transactions and monetary assets and liabilities are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact, and we consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The accounting guidance for fair value measurement also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

·Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

·Level 2—Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

·Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

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The carrying amount reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and deferred revenue approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amount reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for current portion of capital leases and notes payable and long-term portion of capital leases and notes payable approximate fair value (Level 2) based on the lack of significant change in our credit risk.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with lease terms of more than 12 months on the balance sheet. Under the new guidance, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for all entities on a modified retrospective basis, with elective reliefs. We are currently evaluating the expected impact of this new standard.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts with Customers, which is intended to improve and converge the financial reporting requirements for revenue from contracts with customers between U.S. GAAP and International Accounting Standards. In accordance with this new standard, an entity would recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services. The standard establishes a five-step model and related application guidance, which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The FASB has subsequently issued several updates and proposals to clarify guidance to be applied. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue From Contracts with Customers (Topic (606): Deferral of the Effective Date, to defer the effective date of the new revenue standard by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which amends the principal versus agent guidance in the new revenue standard. ASU 2016-08 clarifies that the analysis must focus on whether the entity has control of the goods or services before they are transferred to the customer. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which amends the revenue guidance on identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of intellectual property. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which amends certain aspects of Topic 606. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides disclosure relief and clarifies the scope and application of the new revenue standard and related cost guidance. The standard, as amended, will be effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The FASB also agreed to allow entities to choose to adopt the new standard as of the original effective date. An entity may choose to adopt the new standard either retrospectively or through a cumulative effect adjustment as of the start of the first period for which it applies the new standard. We have selected January 1, 2018 as our effective date but we have not yet selected a transition method. We are currently evaluating the adoption approach. Our final determination will depend on a number of factors, such as the significance of the impact of the new standard on our financial results, our ability to accumulate and analyze the information necessary to assess the impact on prior period financial statements and our ability to maintain two sets of financials under current and new standards if we were to adopt the full retrospective approach. We are in the assessment stage of our evaluation of the impact of the new standard on our accounting policies, processes, and system requirements. We have assigned internal resources in addition to the engagement of third party service providers to assist in the evaluation. While we continue to assess all potential impacts under the new standard, there is the potential for significant impacts to the timing of recognition of revenue.

3. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	16,737	$	17,246
Money market accounts	2,241		2,239
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	18,978	$	19,485

Our money market account assets are measured at fair value on a recurring basis utilizing Level 1 inputs.

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4. Property and equipment

The following is a summary of property and equipment, at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization:

	March 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Leasehold improvements	$	362,314		$	358,477
Software	35,778			33,349
Construction in progress	27,437			18,859
Computer equipment	11,186			10,878
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment	1,751			1,760
Total property and equipment	438,466			423,323
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(187,531		)	(172,558		)
Total property and equipment, net	$	250,935		$	250,765

Depreciation and amortization expense, which includes depreciation and amortization for property and equipment under capital leases, is allocated as follows in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Network access	$	8,375	$	5,257
Network operations	4,155		3,195
Development and technology	2,195		1,602
General and administrative	260		254
Total depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	$	14,985	$	10,308

5. Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Accrued construction in progress	$	6,611	$	6,753
Revenue share	4,751		5,611
Accrued customer liabilities	4,222		4,651
Salaries and wages	2,545		3,001
Accrued professional fees	1,919		1,183
Accrued taxes	1,752		1,761
Accrued partner network	1,017		1,022
Deferred rent	376		354
Other	2,134		3,387
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	25,327	$	27,723

6. Income taxes

We calculate our interim income tax provision in accordance with ASC 270, Interim Reporting, and ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. At the end of each interim period, we estimate the annual effective tax rate and apply that rate to our ordinary quarterly earnings. The tax expense or benefit related to significant, unusual, or extraordinary items is recognized in the interim period in which those items occur. In addition, the effect of changes in enacted tax laws, rates, or tax status is recognized in the interim period in which the change occurs. Excess windfall tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to our stock option exercises and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) vestings are recognized as an income tax benefit or expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations in the period they are deducted on the income tax return. Excess windfall tax benefits and tax deficiencies are therefore not anticipated when determining the annual effective tax rate and are instead recognized in the interim period in which those items occur.

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The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and significant judgment, including the expected operating income (loss) for the year, projections of the proportion of income (loss) earned and taxed in various states, permanent and temporary differences as a result of differences between amounts measured and recognized in accordance with tax laws and financial accounting standards, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained, or as the tax environment changes.

Income tax expense of $199 and $238 reflects an effective tax rate of 3.0% and 2.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to our valuation allowance for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $384 and $380 of uncertain tax positions, respectively, $84 of which is a reduction to deferred tax assets, which is presented net of uncertain tax positions, in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. We accrue interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income taxes. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we have accrued $71 and $67 for related interest, net of federal income tax benefits, and penalties recorded in income tax expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, respectively. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate at March 31, 2017 was $229.

We operate within federal, state and international taxing jurisdictions and are subject to audit in these jurisdictions. These audits can involve complex issues which may require an extended period of time to resolve. We are subject to taxation in the United States and in various states. Our tax years 2013 and forward are subject to examination by the IRS and our tax years 2012 and forward are subject to examination by material state jurisdictions. However, due to prior year loss carryovers, the IRS and state tax authorities may examine any tax years for which the carryovers are used to offset future taxable income.

7. Credit Facility

We have entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) and related agreements, as amended, with Bank of America, N.A. acting as agent for lenders named therein, including Bank of America, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, and Citizens Bank, N.A. (the “Lenders”), for a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit of up to $69,750 with an option to increase the available amount to $86,500 upon the satisfaction of certain conditions (the “Revolving Line of Credit”) and a term loan of $3,500 (the “Term Loan” and together with the Revolving Line of Credit, the “Credit Facility”). We may use borrowings under the Credit Facility for general working capital and corporate purposes. In general, amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility are secured by a lien against all of our assets, with certain exclusions.

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $10,000 and $15,000, respectively, was outstanding under the Revolving Line of Credit. Amounts outstanding under the Revolving Line of Credit are classified within long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2017 as we do not expect to repay the outstanding debt in the next twelve-month period. The Revolving Line of Credit requires quarterly payments of interest and matures on November 21, 2018, but may be prepaid in whole or part at any time. Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit and Term Loan will bear, at our election, a variable interest at LIBOR plus 2.5% - 3.5% or Lender’s Prime Rate plus 1.5% - 2.5% per year and we will pay a fee of 0.375% - 0.5% per year on any unused portion of the Revolving Line of Credit. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $1,531 and $1,969, respectively, was outstanding under the Term Loan. The Term Loan requires quarterly payments of interest and principal, amortizing fully over the four-year-term such that it is repaid in full on the maturity date of November 21, 2018, but may be prepaid in whole or part at any time. Repayment of amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility may be accelerated in the event that we are in violation of the representations, warranties and covenants made in the Credit Agreement, including certain financial covenants set forth therein, and under other specified default events including, but not limited to, non-payment or inability to pay debt, breach of cross default provisions, insolvency provisions, and change of control.

Principal payments due under our Term Loan through 2018 are as follows:

Period	Principal Payments
April 1, 2017 — December 31, 2017	$	656
January 1, 2018 — December 31, 2018	875
	$	1,531

We are subject to customary financial and non-financial covenants, including a minimum quarterly consolidated leverage ratio, a maximum quarterly consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, and monthly liquidity minimums. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of March 31, 2017.

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Debt issuance costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the Credit Facility. Amortization expense related to debt issuance costs are included in interest and other income (expense), net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Amortization and interest expense capitalized during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 amounted to $234 and $276, respectively. Amortization and interest expense expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2017 amounted to $56. The interest rate for our Credit Facility for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was 3.5%.

Amortization expense for our debt issuance costs through 2018 is as follows:

Period	Amortization Expense
April 1, 2017 — December 31, 2017	$	182
January 1, 2018 — December 31, 2018	216
	$	398

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amount reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for the current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt approximates fair value (Level 2) based on the variable nature of the interest rates and lack of significant change to our credit risk.

8. Commitments and contingencies

Letters of credit

We have entered into Letter of Credit Authorization agreements (collectively, “Letters of Credit”), which are issued under our Credit Agreement. The Letters of Credit are irrevocable and serve as performance guarantees that will allow our customers to draw upon the available funds if we are in default. As of March 31, 2017, we have Letters of Credit totaling $4,016 that are scheduled to expire or renew over the next one-year period. There have been no drafts drawn under these Letters of Credit as of March 31, 2017.

Legal proceedings

From time to time, we may be subject to claims, suits, investigations and proceedings arising out of the normal course of business. We are not currently a party to any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.

Other matters

We have received a claim from one of our venue partners with respect to contractual terms on our revenue share payments. The claim asserts that we have underpaid revenue share payments and related interest by approximately $4,600. We believe this claim to be without merit and plan to defend against such claim. As of March 31, 2017, we have accrued for the probable and estimable losses that have been incurred. We are not currently a party to any other claims that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

9. Stock incentive plans

In March 2011, our board of directors approved the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (“2011 Plan”).  The 2011 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares of our common stock, stock units, and performance cash awards. As of January 1st of each year, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2011 Plan shall automatically be increased by a number equal to the lesser of (a) 4.5% of the total number of shares of common stock then outstanding, (b) 3,000,000 shares of common stock or (c) as determined by our board of directors. The automatic “evergreen” share reserve increase feature will be terminated after January 2018, so that no additional automatic annual share increases will occur thereafter. As of March 31, 2017, options to purchase 1,942,239 shares of common stock and RSUs covering 3,910,597 shares of common stock were outstanding under the 2011 Plan.

No further awards will be made under our Amended and Restated 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (“2001 Plan”), and it will be terminated. Options outstanding under the 2001 Plan will continue to be governed by their existing terms.

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Stock-based compensation expense is allocated as follows on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Network operations	$	546	$	646
Development and technology	270		312
Selling and marketing	426		549
General and administrative	1,802		2,098
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,044	$	3,605

During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, we capitalized $194 and $182, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense.

Stock option awards

We grant stock option awards to both employees and non-employee directors. The grant date for these awards is the same as the measurement date. The stock option awards generally vest over a four-year service period with 25% vesting when the individual completes 12 months of continuous service and the remaining 75% vesting monthly thereafter. These awards are valued as of the measurement date and the stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

A summary of the stock option activity is as follows:

	Number of Options (000’s)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contract Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	3,084		$	7.04	3.8	$	17,145
Exercised	(179	)	$	2.46
Canceled/forfeited	(13	)	$	6.44
Outstanding at March 31, 2017	2,892		$	7.32	3.5	$	16,876
Exercisable at March 31, 2017	2,829		$	7.35	3.4	$	16,448

Restricted stock unit awards

We grant time-based RSUs to executive and non-executive personnel and non-employee directors. The time-based RSUs granted to executive and non-executive personnel generally vest over a three-year period subject to continuous service on each vesting date. The time-based RSUs for our non-employee directors generally vest over a one-year period for existing members and 25% per year over a four-year period for new members subject to continuous service on each vesting date.

We grant performance-based RSUs to executive personnel. These awards vest subject to certain performance objectives based on the Company’s revenue growth and/or Adjusted EBITDA growth achieved during the specified performance period and certain long-term service conditions. The maximum number of RSUs that may vest is determined based on actual Company achievement and performance-based RSUs generally vest over a three-year period subject to continuous service on each vesting date. We recognize stock-based compensation expense for performance-based RSUs when we believe that it is probable that the performance objectives will be met.

A summary of the RSU activity is as follows:

	Number of Shares (000’s)		Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2016	3,825		$	6.55
Granted	496		$	11.83
Vested	(345	)	$	6.48
Canceled/forfeited	(65	)	$	8.13
Non-vested at March 31, 2017	3,911		$	7.20

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During the three months ended March 31, 2017, 345,214 shares of RSUs vested. The Company issued 210,326 shares and the remaining shares were withheld to pay minimum statutory federal, state, and local employment payroll taxes on those vested awards.

10. Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
	(in thousands)
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(6,880	)	$	(9,984	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common stock, basic and diluted	38,712			37,554
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.27	)

For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, we excluded all assumed exercises of stock options and the assumed issuance of common stock under RSUs from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive due to the net loss for the period.

On April 1, 2013, the Company approved a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to $10,000 of the Company’s common stock in the open market, exclusive of any commissions, markups or expenses. The stock repurchased will be retired and will resume the status of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. The Company did not repurchase any of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2017. As of March 31, 2017, the remaining approved amount for repurchases was approximately $5,180.

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in “Item 1. Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and the section titled “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on March 13, 2017.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our operations, industry, financial condition, performance, results of operations, and liquidity. Statements containing words such as “may,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “projections,” “business outlook,” “estimate,” or similar expressions constitute forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about future financial performance; revenues; metrics; operating expenses; market trends, including those in the markets in which we compete; operating and marketing efficiencies; liquidity; cash flows and uses of cash; dividends; capital expenditures; depreciation and amortization; tax payments; foreign currency exchange rates; hedging arrangements; our ability to repay indebtedness, pay dividends and invest in initiatives; our products and services; pricing; competition; strategies; and new business initiatives, products, services, and features. Potential factors that could affect the matters about which the forward-looking statements are made include, among others, the factors disclosed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and additional factors that accompany the related forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis only as the date hereof. Any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or results and involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual performance and results to differ materially from those predicted. Reported results should not be considered an indication of future performance. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Overview

Boingo helps the world stay connected to the people and things they love.

We acquire long-term wireless rights at large venues like airports, transportation hubs, stadiums, arenas, military bases, universities, convention centers, and office campuses; build high-quality wireless networks such as distributed antenna systems (“DAS”), Wi-Fi, and small cells at those venues; and monetize the wireless networks through a number of products and services. Over the past 15 years, we’ve built a global network of wireless networks that we estimate reaches more than a billion consumers annually. We operate DAS networks containing approximately 19,800 DAS nodes. We believe we are the largest indoor DAS provider in the world. Our Wi-Fi network, which includes locations we manage and operate ourselves (our “managed and operated locations”) as well as networks managed and operated by third-parties with whom we contract for access (our “roaming” networks), includes more than 1.5 million commercial Wi-Fi hotspots in more than 100 countries around the world. We also operate Wi-Fi and internet protocol television (“IPTV”) networks at 59 U.S. Army, Air Force, and Marine bases around the world.

We generate revenue from our wireless networks in a number of ways, including our DAS and wholesale Wi-Fi offerings, which are targeted towards businesses, and our military, retail, and advertising offerings, which are targeted towards consumers.

We generate wholesale revenue from telecom operators that pay us build-out fees and recurring access fees so that their cellular customers may use our DAS or small cell networks at locations where we manage and operate the wireless network. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, DAS revenue accounted for approximately 37% of our revenue.

Military revenue, which is driven by military personnel who purchase broadband and IPTV services on military bases accounted for approximately 28% of our total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2017. As of March 31, 2017, we have grown our military subscriber base to approximately 128,000 from approximately 69,000 in the prior year comparative period. Retail revenue, which is driven by consumers who purchase a recurring monthly subscription plan or one-time Wi-Fi access, accounted for approximately 15% of our total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2017. As of March 31, 2017, our retail subscriber base was approximately 194,000, an increase of approximately 4% over the prior year comparative period.

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Our enterprise customers such as telecom operators, cable companies, technology companies, and enterprise software/services companies, pay us usage-based Wi-Fi network access and software licensing fees to allow their customers’ access to our footprint worldwide. Wholesale Wi-Fi revenue also includes financial institutions and other enterprise customers who provide Boingo as a value-added service for their customers. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, wholesale Wi-Fi revenue accounted for approximately 15% of our revenue.

We also generate revenue from advertisers that seek to reach consumers via sponsored Wi-Fi access. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, advertising and other revenue accounted for approximately 5% of our revenue.

Our customer agreements for certain DAS networks include both a fixed and variable fee structure with the highest percentage of sales typically occurring in the fourth quarter of each year and the lowest percentage of sales occurring in the first quarter of each year. Our advertising business is similarly weighted to the fourth quarter, with the highest percentage of sales occurring in the fourth quarter and the lowest percentage of sales occurring in the first quarter. We expect these trends to continue. Our other products have not experienced any significant seasonal impact.

In support of our overall business strategy, we are focused on the following objectives:

·expand our footprint of managed and operated and aggregated networks;

·leverage our neutral-host business model to grow DAS, small cell, and wholesale roaming partnerships;

·expand our carrier offload relationships;

·maximize our military business through recurring subscriber fees and shorter-term transaction plans, as well as strategic build-outs; and

·increase our brand awareness.

Key Business Metrics

In addition to monitoring traditional financial measures, we also monitor our operating performance using key performance indicators. There are four key metrics that we use to monitor results and activity in the business as follows:

DAS nodes.  This metric represents the number of active DAS nodes as of the end of the period. A DAS node is a single communications endpoint, typically an antenna, which transmits or receives radio frequency signals wirelessly. This measure is an indicator of the reach of our DAS network.

Subscribers—military and Subscribers—retail.  These metrics represent the number of paying customers who are on a month-to-month subscription plan at a given period end.

Connects.  This metric shows how often individuals connect to our global Wi-Fi network in a given period. The connects include wholesale and retail customers in both customer pay locations and customer free locations where we are a paid service provider or receive sponsorship or promotion fees. We count each connect as a single connect regardless of how many times that individual accesses the network at a given venue during their 24 hour period. This measure is an indicator of paid activity throughout our network.

Revenue

Our revenue consists of DAS revenue, military revenue, retail revenue, wholesale revenue, and advertising and other revenue.

DAS.  We generate revenue from telecom operator partners that pay us network build-out fees, inclusive of network upgrades, and access fees for our DAS and small cell networks.

Military and retail.  We generate revenue from sales to military and retail individuals of month-to-month network access subscriptions that automatically renew, primarily through charge card transactions. We also generate revenue from sales of hourly, daily or other single-use access to military and retail individuals primarily through charge card transactions.

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Wholesale—Wi-Fi.  We generate revenue from wholesale Wi-Fi partners that license our software and pay usage-based monthly network access fees to allow their customers to access our global Wi-Fi network. Usage-based network access fees may be measured in minutes, connects, megabytes or gigabytes, and in most cases are subject to minimum volume commitments. Other wholesale Wi-Fi partners pay us monthly fees to provide a Wi-Fi infrastructure that we install, manage and operate at their venues for their customers under a service provider arrangement.

Advertising and other.  We generate revenue from advertisers that seek to reach visitors to our landing pages at our managed and operated network locations with online advertising, promotional and sponsored programs and at locations where we solely provide authorized access to a partner’s Wi-Fi network through sponsored access and promotional programs. In addition, we receive revenue from partners in certain venues where we manage and operate the Wi-Fi network.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the specified periods:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
	(unaudited) (in thousands)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue	$	44,333		$	34,499
Costs and operating expenses:
Network access	19,407			14,678
Network operations	11,263			10,450
Development and technology	6,334			5,353
Selling and marketing	4,893			4,668
General and administrative	8,103			8,152
Amortization of intangible assets	911			865
Total costs and operating expenses	50,911			44,166
Loss from operations	(6,578		)	(9,667		)
Interest and other income (expense), net	4			(30		)
Loss before income taxes	(6,574		)	(9,697		)
Income tax expense	199			238
Net loss	(6,773		)	(9,935		)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	107			49
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(6,880	)	$	(9,984	)

Depreciation and amortization expense included in costs and operating expenses:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
	(unaudited) (in thousands)
Network access	$	8,375	$	5,257
Network operations	4,155		3,195
Development and technology	2,195		1,602
General and administrative	260		254
Total(1)	$	14,985	$	10,308

(1)The $4.7 million increase in depreciation and amortization of property and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, is primarily a result of our increased fixed assets from our DAS build-out projects, Wi-Fi networks, and software development in 2016 and 2017.

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Stock-based compensation expense included in costs and operating expenses:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
	(unaudited) (in thousands)
Network operations	$	546	$	646
Development and technology	270		312
Selling and marketing	426		549
General and administrative	1,802		2,098
Total(2)	$	3,044	$	3,605

(2)The $0.6 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, is due primarily to stock-based compensation expense related to our performance-based restricted stock units (“RSU”), which generally vest over a three-year period. These performance-based RSUs are expensed using the graded vesting method, which results in higher stock-based compensation expense in the earlier years of the vesting period. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, we capitalized $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense.

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the specified periods as a percentage of our revenue for those periods:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
	(unaudited) (as a percentage of revenue)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue	100.0	%	100.0	%
Costs and operating expenses:
Network access	43.8		42.5
Network operations	25.4		30.3
Development and technology	14.3		15.5
Selling and marketing	11.0		13.5
General and administrative	18.3		23.6
Amortization of intangible assets	2.1		2.5
Total costs and operating expenses	114.8		128.0
Loss from operations	(14.8	)	(28.0	)
Interest and other income (expense), net	0.0		(0.1	)
Loss before income taxes	(14.8	)	(28.1	)
Income tax expense	0.4		0.7
Net loss	(15.3	)	(28.8	)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	0.2		0.1
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	(15.5	)%	(28.9	)%

Three Months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016

Revenue

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016		Change			% Change
	(unaudited)
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Revenue:
DAS	$	16,256	$	11,106	$	5,150		46.4
Military	12,541		9,098		3,443			37.8
Wholesale—Wi-Fi	6,831		4,937		1,894			38.4
Retail	6,415		6,914		(499		)	(7.2	)
Advertising and other	2,290		2,444		(154		)	(6.3	)
Total revenue	$	44,333	$	34,499	$	9,834		28.5
Key business metrics:
DAS nodes	19.8		12.5		7.3			58.4
Subscribers—military	128		69		59			85.5
Subscribers—retail	194		187		7			3.7
Connects	43,077		30,353		12,724			41.9

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DAS.  DAS revenue increased $5.2 million, or 46.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, due to a $4.4 million increase from new build-out projects in our managed and operated locations and a $0.8 million increase in access fees from our telecom operators.

Military.  Military revenue increased $3.4 million, or 37.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, due to a $4.5 million increase in military subscriber revenue, which was driven primarily by the increase in military subscribers partially offset by a 7.9% decrease in the average monthly revenue per military subscriber in 2017 compared to 2016. The increase was partially offset by a $1.1 million decrease in military single-use revenue.

Wholesale—Wi-Fi.  Wholesale Wi-Fi revenue increased $1.9 million, or 38.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to a $1.6 million increase in partner usage based fees.

Retail.  Retail revenue decreased $0.5 million, or 7.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, due to a $0.4 million decrease in retail single-use revenue and a $0.1 million decrease in retail subscriber revenue.

Advertising and other.  Advertising and other revenue decreased $0.2 million, or 6.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to a $0.4 million decrease in advertising sales at our managed and operated locations resulting from a decline in the number of premium ad units sold.

Costs and Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016		Change			% Change
	(unaudited)
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Costs and operating expenses:
Network access	$	19,407	$	14,678	$	4,729		32.2
Network operations	11,263		10,450		813			7.8
Development and technology	6,334		5,353		981			18.3
Selling and marketing	4,893		4,668		225			4.8
General and administrative	8,103		8,152		(49		)	(0.6	)
Amortization of intangible assets	911		865		46			5.3
Total costs and operating expenses	$	50,911	$	44,166	$	6,745		15.3

Network access. Network access costs increased $4.7 million, or 32.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase is due to a $3.1 million increase in depreciation expense related to our increased fixed assets from our DAS build-out projects and a $1.6 million increase in revenue share paid to venues in our managed and operated locations.

Network operations. Network operations expenses increased $0.8 million, or 7.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, due to a $1.0 million increase in depreciation expense related to our increased fixed assets, which was partially offset by a $0.1 million decrease in personnel related expenses and a $0.1 million decrease in hardware and software maintenance and consulting expenses.

Development and technology. Development and technology expenses increased $1.0 million, or 18.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to a $0.6 million increase in depreciation expense related to our increased fixed assets, a $0.2 million increase in cloud computing expenses, and a $0.1 million increase in personnel related expenses.

Selling and marketing. Selling and marketing expenses increased $0.2 million, or 4.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, due to a $0.2 million increase in personnel related expenses.

General and administrative.  General and administrative expenses remained relatively consistent for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to a $0.2 million decrease in personnel related expenses, which was partially offset by a $0.1 million increase in professional and outside services fees.

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Amortization of intangible assets.  Amortization of intangible assets expense remained relatively consistent for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net

Interest and other income (expense), net, remained relatively consistent for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, we capitalized $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of interest expense.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense and our effective tax rate remained relatively consistent for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

Non-controlling Interests

Non-controlling interests remained relatively consistent for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders

Our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2017 decreased as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily as a result of the $9.8 million increase in revenues, which was partially offset by the $6.7 million increase in costs and operating expenses, net. Our diluted net loss per share decreased primarily as a result of the decrease in our net loss.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss attributable to common stockholders plus depreciation and amortization of property and equipment, stock-based compensation expense, amortization of intangible assets, income tax expense, interest and other (income) expense, net, non-controlling interests, and excludes charges or gains that are non-recurring, infrequent, or unusual.

We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors and other users of our financial statements in evaluating our operating performance because it provides them with an additional tool to compare business performance across companies and across periods. We believe that:

·Adjusted EBITDA provides investors and other users of our financial information consistency and comparability with our past financial performance, facilitates period-to-period comparisons of operations and facilitates comparisons with other companies, many of which use similar non-generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) financial measures to supplement their GAAP results; and

·it is useful to exclude (i) non-cash charges, such as depreciation and amortization of property and equipment, amortization of intangible assets and stock-based compensation, from Adjusted EBITDA because the amount of such expenses in any specific period may not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations, and these expenses can vary significantly between periods as a result of full amortization of previously acquired tangible and intangible assets or the timing of new stock-based awards and (ii) charges related to our contested proxy election for the 2016 annual meeting of stockholders because they represent non-recurring charges and are not indicative of the underlying performance of our business operations.

We use Adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with traditional GAAP measures as part of our overall assessment of our performance, for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and quarterly forecasts, to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies and to communicate with our board of directors concerning our financial performance.

We do not place undue reliance on Adjusted EBITDA as our only measure of operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a substitute for other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. There are limitations to using non-GAAP financial measures, including that other companies may calculate these measures differently than we do.

23

We compensate for the inherent limitations associated with using Adjusted EBITDA through disclosure of these limitations, presentation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP and reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net loss attributable to common stockholders.

The following provides a reconciliation of net loss attributable to common stockholders to Adjusted EBITDA:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
	(unaudited) (in thousands)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(6,880	)	$	(9,984	)
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	14,985			10,308
Stock-based compensation expense	3,044			3,605
Amortization of intangible assets	911			865
Income tax expense	199			238
Interest and other (income) expense, net	(4		)	30
Non-controlling interests	107			49
Contested proxy election expense	—			538
Adjusted EBITDA	$	12,362		$	5,649

Adjusted EBITDA was $12.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of 118.8% from $5.6 million recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2016. As a percent of revenue, Adjusted EBITDA was 27.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, up from 16.4% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The Adjusted EBITDA increase was due primarily to the $4.7 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense and the $3.1 million decrease in our net loss attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The changes were partially offset by the $0.6 million decrease in stock-based compensation expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, and the $0.5 million expense that we incurred on our contested proxy election for the 2016 annual meeting of stockholders in the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have financed our operations primarily through cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under our credit facility. Our primary sources of liquidity as of March 31, 2017 consisted of $19.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and $59.8 million available for borrowing under our credit facility, $4.0 million of which is reserved for our outstanding Letter of Credit Authorization agreements.

Our principal uses of liquidity have been to fund our operations, working capital requirements, capital expenditures and acquisitions. We expect that these requirements will be our principal needs for liquidity over the near term. Our capital expenditures in the three months ended March 31, 2017 were $17.5 million, of which $10.2 million was reimbursed through revenue for DAS build-out projects from our telecom operators.

We have entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) and related agreements, as amended with Bank of America, N.A. acting as agent for lenders named therein, including Bank of America, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, and Citizens Bank, N.A. (the “Lenders”), for a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit up to $69.8 million with an option to increase the available amount to $86.5 million upon the satisfaction of certain conditions (the “Revolving Line of Credit”) and a term loan of $3.5 million (the “Term Loan” and together with the Revolving Line of Credit, the “Credit Facility”). Both the Term Loan and Revolving Line of Credit mature on November 21, 2018. Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit and Term Loan will bear, at our election, a variable interest at LIBOR plus 2.5% - 3.5% or Lender’s Prime Rate plus 1.5% - 2.5% per year and we will pay a fee of 0.375% - 0.5% per year on any unused portion of the Revolving Line of Credit. As of March 31, 2017, $1.5 million was outstanding under the Term Loan and $10.0 million was outstanding under the Revolving Line of Credit. The Term Loan requires quarterly payments of interest and principal, amortizing fully over the four-year-term such that it is repaid in full on the maturity date of November 21, 2018. The interest rate for our Credit Facility for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was 3.5%. Repayment of amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility may be accelerated in the event that we are in violation of the representation, warranties and covenants made in the Credit Agreement, including certain financial covenants set forth therein, and under other specific default events including, but not limited to, non-payment or inability to pay debt, breach of cross default provisions, insolvency provisions, and change in control.

24

We are subject to customary covenants, including a minimum quarterly consolidated leverage ratio, a maximum quarterly consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, and monthly liquidity minimums. We were in compliance with all such financial covenants as of March 31, 2017 and through the date of this report. We are subject to certain non-financial covenants, and we were also in compliance with all such non-financial covenants as of March 31, 2017 and through the date of this report. The Credit Facility provides us with significant additional flexibility and liquidity for our strategic objectives involving capital expenditures and acquisitions that we may pursue from time to time.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from operations and availability under the Credit Facility will be sufficient to fund our operations and planned capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of our financial statements. There can be no assurance, however, that future industry-specific or other developments, general economic trends, or other matters will not adversely affect our operations or our ability to meet our future cash requirements. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth and corresponding timing of cash collections, the timing and size of our managed and operated location expansion efforts, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts, the timing of introductions of new solutions and enhancements to existing solutions and the continuing market acceptance of our solutions. We expect our capital expenditures for the remainder of 2017 will range from $12.7 million to $17.7 million, excluding capital expenditures for DAS build-out projects which are reimbursed through revenue from our telecom operator customers. We anticipate the majority of our remaining 2017 capital expenditures will be used to build out and upgrade Wi-Fi networks at our managed and operated venues and to build out residential broadband and IPTV networks for troops stationed on military bases pursuant to our contracts with the U.S. government. The investment of these resources will occur in advance of experiencing any direct benefit from them including generation of revenues. The U.S. government may modify, curtail or terminate its contracts with us, either at its convenience or for default based on performance. Any such modification, curtailment, or termination of one or more of our government contracts could have a material adverse effect on our earnings, cash flow and/or financial position. We may also enter into acquisitions of complementary businesses, applications or technologies which could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Additional funds may not be available on terms favorable to us, or at all.

The following table sets forth cash flow data for the three months ended March 31:

	2017			2016
	(unaudited)
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	25,532		$	41,037
Net cash used in investing activities	(18,641		)	(45,522		)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(7,405		)	4,410

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, we generated $25.5 million of net cash from operating activities, a decrease of $15.5 million from the prior year comparative period. The decrease is primarily due to a $22.7 million change in our operating assets and liabilities and a $0.6 million increase in stock-based compensation expenses, which were partially offset by a $4.7 million increase in depreciation and amortization expenses related to our recent increased fixed assets from our DAS build-out projects, Wi-Fi networks, and software development, and a $3.2 million decrease in our net loss.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, we used $18.6 million in investing activities, a decrease of $26.9 million from the prior year comparative period. The decrease is primarily due to a $28.0 million decrease in purchases of property and equipment, which was partially offset by $1.2 million of cash paid for a caching technology intangible asset, which we acquired in November 2016.

Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, we used $(7.4) million of cash in financing activities compared to $4.4 million of cash provided from financing activities from the prior year comparative period. This change is primarily due to a $5.2 million increase in payments on our Credit Facility, a $5.0 million decrease in proceeds from our Credit Facility, a $1.0 million decrease in proceeds from exercise of stock options, and a $0.6 million increase in cash used to pay federal, state, and local employment payroll taxes related to our RSUs that vested during the period.

25

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commitments as of March 31, 2017:

	Payments Due By Period
			Less than						More than
	Total		1 Year		2 - 3 Years		4 - 5 Years		5 Years
	(in thousands)
Venue revenue share minimums(1)	$	42,166	$	8,766	$	12,441	$	11,112	$	9,847
Operating leases for office space(2)	29,870		3,245		6,357		6,269		13,999
Open purchase commitments(3)	21,715		21,715		—		—		—
Credit Facility(4)	11,531		875		10,656		—		—
Capital leases for equipment and software(5)	5,803		3,037		2,766		—		—
Unrecognized tax benefits(6)	229		229		—		—		—
Notes payable(7)	2,568		1,206		1,362		—		—
Total	$	113,882	$	39,073	$	33,582	$	17,381	$	23,846

(1)Payments under exclusive long-term, non-cancellable contracts to provide wireless communications network access to venues such as airports. Expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

(2)Office space under non-cancellable operating leases.

(3)Open purchase commitments are for the purchase of property and equipment, supplies and services. They are not recorded as liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2017 as we have not received the related goods or services.

(4)Long-term debt associated with our Credit Agreement with Bank of America N.A. Payments are based on contractual terms and intended timing of repayments of long-term debt.

(5)Leased equipment, primarily for data communication and database software, under non-cancellable capital leases.

(6)The unrecognized tax benefits are related to uncertain tax positions taken in our income tax return that would impact the effective tax rate or additional paid-in capital, if recognized, (refer to Note 6 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).

(7)Notes payable assumed in our acquisition of Endeka Group, Inc. in 2013 and loans payable related to financed equipment and prepaid maintenance service purchases.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements and we do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided for the year ended December 31, 2016 in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in our annual report on Form 10-K filed by us with the SEC on March 13, 2017.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements is contained in Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by this reference.

Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

We are exposed to various market risks including: (i) interest rate risk and (ii) foreign currency exchange rate risk. The risk of loss is assessed based on the likelihood of adverse changes in fair values, cash flows or future earnings.

26

Interest rate risk.  Our Revolving Line of Credit and Term Loan bears, at our election, interest at a variable interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.5% - 3.5% or Lender’s Prime Rate plus 1.5% - 2.5% per year. The interest rate on the Term Loan resets at the end of each three month period. Our use of variable rate debt exposes us to interest rate risk. A 100 basis point increase in the LIBOR or Lender’s Prime Rate as of March 31, 2017 would not have a material impact on net loss and cash flow.

Foreign currency exchange rate risk.  We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in conducting business globally in numerous currencies, of which the most significant to our operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was the Brazilian Real. We are primarily exposed to foreign currency fluctuations related to the operations of our subsidiary in Brazil whose financial statements are not denominated in the U.S. dollar. Our foreign operations are not material to our operations as a whole. As such, we currently do not enter into currency forward exchange or option contracts to hedge foreign currency exposures.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness, as of March 31, 2017, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

The information set forth in Note 8 “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is incorporated herein by this reference.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

Certain Factors Affecting Boingo Wireless, Inc.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017, which we incorporate by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which could materially affect our business, results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or future results. There have been no material changes in the risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Items 2, 3 and 4 are not applicable and have been omitted.

Item 6.  Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

Exhibit		Incorporated by Reference			Filed
No.	Description	Form	Date	Number	Herewith
3.2	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.	S-1	03/21/2011	3.2
3.4	Amended and Restated Bylaws.	8-K	12/29/2015	3.1
31.1	Certification of David Hagan, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.				X
31.2	Certification of Peter Hovenier, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.				X
32.1	Certifications of David Hagan, Chief Executive Officer, and Peter Hovenier, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.				X
101	The following financial information from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Boingo Wireless, Inc. for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 for Boingo Wireless, Inc.; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 for Boingo Wireless, Inc.; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 for Boingo Wireless, Inc.; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 for Boingo Wireless, Inc.; (v) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for Boingo Wireless, Inc.; and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	BOINGO WIRELESS, INC.
Date: May 8, 2017	By:	/s/ DAVID HAGAN
		David Hagan
		Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
	BOINGO WIRELESS, INC.
Date: May 8, 2017	By:	/s/ PETER HOVENIER
		Peter Hovenier
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

29

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, David Hagan, certify that:

1.         I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Boingo Wireless, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/s/ David Hagan
	David Hagan
	Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	May 8, 2017

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Peter Hovenier, certify that:

1.         I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Boingo Wireless, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/s/ Peter Hovenier
	Peter Hovenier
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Date:	May 8, 2017

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Boingo Wireless, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

1.the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ David Hagan

David Hagan

Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 8, 2017

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Boingo Wireless, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

1.the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Peter Hovenier

Peter Hovenier

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Date: May 8, 2017

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Apr. 28, 2017
Document and Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	BOINGO WIRELESS INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001169988
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2017
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		38,984,462
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 18,978	$ 19,485
Accounts receivable, net	28,150	42,978
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,587	5,344
Total current assets	52,715	67,807
Property and equipment, net	250,935	250,765
Goodwill	42,403	42,403
Intangible assets, net	12,867	13,783
Other assets	6,228	6,223
Total assets	365,148	380,981
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	10,036	15,516
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	25,327	27,723
Deferred revenue	55,081	50,869
Current portion of long-term debt	875	1,094
Current portion of capital leases and notes payable	4,243	3,993
Total current liabilities	95,562	99,195
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	150,764	152,719
Long-term debt	10,656	15,875
Long-term portion of capital leases and notes payable	4,128	4,612
Deferred tax liabilities	3,386	3,208
Other liabilities	6,723	6,826
Total liabilities	271,219	282,435
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; 38,951 and 38,562 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	4	4
Additional paid-in capital	213,510	211,275
Accumulated deficit	(119,481)	(112,601)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(808)	(870)
Total common stockholders' equity	93,225	97,808
Non-controlling interests	704	738
Total stockholders' equity	93,929	98,546
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 365,148	$ 380,981

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000	5,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000	100,000
Common stock, shares issued	38,951	38,562
Common stock, shares outstanding	38,951	38,562

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2016
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Revenue	$ 44,333	$ 34,499
Costs and operating expenses:
Network access	19,407	14,678
Network operations	11,263	10,450
Development and technology	6,334	5,353
Selling and marketing	4,893	4,668
General and administrative	8,103	8,152
Amortization of intangible assets	911	865
Total costs and operating expenses	50,911	44,166
Loss from operations	(6,578)	(9,667)
Interest and other income (expense), net	4	(30)
Loss before income taxes	(6,574)	(9,697)
Income tax expense	199	238
Net loss	(6,773)	(9,935)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	107	49
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (6,880)	$ (9,984)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.27)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.27)
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic (in shares)	38,712	37,554
Diluted (in shares)	38,712	37,554

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2016
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Net loss	$ (6,773)	$ (9,935)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	46	93
Comprehensive loss	(6,727)	(9,842)
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest	91	14
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (6,818)	$ (9,856)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - 3 months ended Mar. 31, 2017 - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Non-controlling Interest	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 4	$ 211,275	$ (112,601)	$ (870)	$ 738	$ 98,546
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016	38,562					38,562
Issuance of common stock under stock incentive plans		439				$ 439
Issuance of common stock under stock incentive plans (in shares)	389
Shares withheld for taxes		(1,562)				(1,562)
Stock-based compensation expense		3,358				3,358
Non-controlling interest distributions					(125)	(125)
Net loss			(6,880)		107	(6,773)
Other comprehensive income (loss)				62	(16)	46
Balance at Mar. 31, 2017	$ 4	$ 213,510	$ (119,481)	$ (808)	$ 704	$ 93,929
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2017	38,951					38,951

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (6,773)	$ (9,935)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss including non-controlling interests to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	14,985	10,308
Amortization of intangible assets	911	865
Bad debt expense	2	0
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	9	19
Stock-based compensation	3,044	3,605
Change in deferred income taxes	121	140
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	14,844	845
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(301)	(149)
Accounts payable	(2,434)	4,659
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(1,132)	726
Deferred revenue	2,256	29,954
Net cash provided by operating activities	25,532	41,037
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(17,491)	(45,522)
Payments for asset acquisition	(1,150)	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(18,641)	(45,522)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from credit facility	0	5,000
Principal payments on credit facility	(5,438)	(219)
Debt issuance costs	0	(124)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	439	1,470
Payments of capital leases and notes payable	(844)	(718)
Payments of withholding tax on net issuance of restricted stock units	(1,562)	(999)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(7,405)	4,410
Effect of exchange rates on cash	7	8
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(507)	(67)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	19,485	14,718
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	18,978	14,651
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Property and equipment costs in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	13,797	18,831
Purchase of equipment and prepaid maintenance services under capital financing arrangements	574	1,372
Non-controlling interest distributions declared but unpaid	$ 125	$ 0

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The business

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

The business

The business

1. The business

Boingo Wireless, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively “we, “us”, “our” or “the Company”) is a leading global provider of wireless connectivity solutions for smartphones, tablets, laptops, wearables and other wireless-enabled consumer devices. Boingo Wireless, Inc. was incorporated on April 16, 2001 in the State of Delaware. We have a diverse monetization model that enables us to generate revenues from wholesale partnerships, retail sales, and advertising across these wireless networks. Wholesale offerings include distributed antenna systems (“DAS”) and small cells, which are cellular extension networks,Wi-Fi roaming, value-added services, private label Wi-Fi and location based services. Retail products include Wi-Fi and TV services for military servicemen and women living in the barracks of U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine bases around the world, and Wi-Fi subscriptions and day passes that provide access to more than 1.5 million commercial hotspots worldwide. Advertising revenue is driven by Wi-Fi sponsorships at airports, hotels, cafes and restaurants, and public spaces. Our customers include some of the world’s largest carriers, telecommunications service providers and global consumer brands, as well as troops stationed at military bases and Internet savvy consumers on the go.

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Summary of significant accounting policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Summary of significant accounting policies

Summary of significant accounting policies

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information has been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America (“U.S.”) for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2016 contained in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of our results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, and our financial position as of March 31, 2017. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for an entire year or any other future year or interim period.

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), which simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment. An entity will no longer perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Instead, impairment will be measured using the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the reporting unit. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for goodwill impairment tests with measurement dates after January 1, 2017. We elected to early adopt ASU 2017-04 as of January 1, 2017 and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), which adds or clarifies guidance to reduce diversity in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. The standard requires application using a retrospective transition method. We elected to early adopt ASU 2016-15 as of January 1, 2017 and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Principles of consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our majority owned subsidiaries. We consolidate our 70% ownership of Chicago Concourse Development Group, LLC and our 75% ownership of Boingo Holding Participacoes Ltda. in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. Other parties’ interests in consolidated entities are reported as non-controlling interests. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Segment and geographical information

We operate as one reportable segment; a service provider of wireless connectivity solutions across our managed and operated network and aggregated network for mobile devices such as laptops, smartphones, tablets and other wireless-enabled consumer devices. This single segment is consistent with the internal organization structure and the manner in which operations are reviewed and managed by our Chief Executive Officer, the chief operating decision maker.

All significant long-lived tangible assets are held in the United States of America. We do not disclose sales by geographic area because to do so would be impracticable.

The following is a summary of our revenue by primary revenue source:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Revenue:
DAS	$	16,256	$	11,106
Military	12,541		9,098
Wholesale—Wi-Fi	6,831		4,937
Retail	6,415		6,914
Advertising and other	2,290		2,444
Total revenue	$	44,333	$	34,499

Revenue recognition

We generate revenue from several sources including: (i) DAS customers that are telecom operators under long-term contracts for access to our DAS at our managed and operated locations, (ii) military and retail customers under subscription plans for month-to-month network access that automatically renew, and military and retail single-use access from sales of hourly, daily or other single-use access plans, (iii) arrangements with wholesale Wi-Fi customers that provide software licensing, network access, and/or professional services fees, and (iv) display advertisements and sponsorships on our walled garden sign-in pages. Software licensed by our wholesale platform services customers can only be used during the term of the service arrangements and has no utility to them upon termination of the service arrangement.

We recognize revenue when an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, fees are fixed or determinable, no significant obligations remain related to the earned fees and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured. Revenue is presented net of any sales and value added taxes.

Revenue generated from access to our DAS networks consists of build-out fees and recurring access fees under certain long-term contracts with telecom operators. Build-out fees paid upfront are generally deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the estimated customer relationship period, once the build-out is complete. Periodically, we install and sell Wi-Fi and DAS networks to customers where we do not have service contracts or remaining obligations beyond the installation of those networks and we recognize build-out fees for such projects as revenue when the installation work is completed and the network has been accepted by the customer. Minimum monthly access fees for usage of the DAS networks are non-cancellable and generally escalate on an annual basis. These minimum monthly access fees are recognized ratably over the term of the telecom operator agreement. The initial term of our contracts with telecom operators generally range from five to twenty years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses. Revenue from DAS network access fees in excess of the monthly minimums is recognized when earned.

Subscription fees from military and retail customers are paid monthly in advance and revenue is deferred for the portions of monthly recurring subscription fees collected in advance. We provide refunds for our military and retail services on a case-by-case basis. These amounts are not significant and are recorded as contra-revenue in the period the refunds are made. Subscription fee revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period. Revenue generated from military and retail single-use access is recognized when access is provided.

Services provided to wholesale Wi-Fi partners generally contain several elements including: (i) a term license to use our software to access our Wi-Fi network, (ii) access fees for Wi-Fi network usage, and/or (iii) professional services for software integration and customization and to maintain the Wi-Fi service. The term license, monthly minimum network access fees and professional services are billed on a monthly basis based upon predetermined fixed rates. Once the term license for integration and customization are delivered, the fees from the arrangement are recognized ratably over the remaining term of the service arrangement. The initial term of the license agreements is generally between one to five years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses. Revenue for Wi-Fi network access fees in excess of the monthly minimum amounts is recognized when earned. All elements within existing service arrangements are generally delivered and earned concurrently throughout the term of the respective service arrangement.

In instances where the minimum monthly Wi-Fi and DAS network access fees escalate over the term of the wholesale service arrangement, an unbilled receivable is recognized when performance is within our control and when we have reasonable assurance that the unbilled receivable balance will be collected.

We adopted the provisions of ASU 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, on a prospective basis on January 1, 2011. For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, we defer recognition of revenue for the full arrangement and recognize all revenue ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements, as we do not have evidence of fair value for the undelivered elements in the arrangement. For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into or materially modified after January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under ASC 605-25, we evaluate whether or not separate units of accounting exist and then allocate the arrangement consideration to all units of accounting based on the relative selling price method using estimated selling prices if vendor specific objective evidence and third party evidence is not available. We recognize the revenue associated with the separate units of accounting upon completion of such services or ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements.

Advertising revenue is generated from advertisements on our managed and operated or partner networks. In determining whether an arrangement exists, we ensure that a binding arrangement is in place, such as a standard insertion order or a fully executed customer-specific agreement. Obligations pursuant to our advertising revenue arrangements typically include a minimum number of units or the satisfaction of certain performance criteria. Advertising and other revenue is recognized when the services are performed.

Foreign currency translation

Our Brazilian subsidiary uses the Brazilian Real as its functional currency. Assets and liabilities of our Brazilian subsidiary are translated to U.S. dollars at period-end rates of exchange, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing for each month. The resulting translation adjustments are made directly to a separate component of other comprehensive loss, which is reflected in stockholders’ equity in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had $(808) and $(870), respectively, of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax, which was $0 as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 due to the full valuation allowance established against our deferred tax assets, in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Some of our subsidiaries also enter into transactions and have monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the entities’ respective functional currencies. Gains and losses from the revaluation of foreign currency transactions and monetary assets and liabilities are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact, and we consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The accounting guidance for fair value measurement also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

· Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

· Level 2—Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

· Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The carrying amount reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and deferred revenue approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amount reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for current portion of capital leases and notes payable and long-term portion of capital leases and notes payable approximate fair value (Level 2) based on the lack of significant change in our credit risk.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with lease terms of more than 12 months on the balance sheet. Under the new guidance, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for all entities on a modified retrospective basis, with elective reliefs. We are currently evaluating the expected impact of this new standard.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts with Customers, which is intended to improve and converge the financial reporting requirements for revenue from contracts with customers between U.S. GAAP and International Accounting Standards. In accordance with this new standard, an entity would recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services. The standard establishes a five-step model and related application guidance, which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The FASB has subsequently issued several updates and proposals to clarify guidance to be applied. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue From Contracts with Customers (Topic (606): Deferral of the Effective Date, to defer the effective date of the new revenue standard by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which amends the principal versus agent guidance in the new revenue standard. ASU 2016-08 clarifies that the analysis must focus on whether the entity has control of the goods or services before they are transferred to the customer. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which amends the revenue guidance on identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of intellectual property. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which amends certain aspects of Topic 606. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides disclosure relief and clarifies the scope and application of the new revenue standard and related cost guidance. The standard, as amended, will be effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The FASB also agreed to allow entities to choose to adopt the new standard as of the original effective date. An entity may choose to adopt the new standard either retrospectively or through a cumulative effect adjustment as of the start of the first period for which it applies the new standard. We have selected January 1, 2018 as our effective date but we have not yet selected a transition method. We are currently evaluating the adoption approach. Our final determination will depend on a number of factors, such as the significance of the impact of the new standard on our financial results, our ability to accumulate and analyze the information necessary to assess the impact on prior period financial statements and our ability to maintain two sets of financials under current and new standards if we were to adopt the full retrospective approach. We are in the assessment stage of our evaluation of the impact of the new standard on our accounting policies, processes, and system requirements. We have assigned internal resources in addition to the engagement of third party service providers to assist in the evaluation. While we continue to assess all potential impacts under the new standard, there is the potential for significant impacts to the timing of recognition of revenue.

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Cash and cash equivalents

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

3. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	16,737	$	17,246
Money market accounts	2,241		2,239
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	18,978	$	19,485

Our money market account assets are measured at fair value on a recurring basis utilizing Level 1 inputs.

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Property and equipment

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Property and equipment

Property and equipment

4. Property and equipment

The following is a summary of property and equipment, at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization:

	March 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Leasehold improvements	$	362,314		$	358,477
Software	35,778			33,349
Construction in progress	27,437			18,859
Computer equipment	11,186			10,878
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment	1,751			1,760
Total property and equipment	438,466			423,323
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(187,531		)	(172,558		)
Total property and equipment, net	$	250,935		$	250,765

Depreciation and amortization expense, which includes depreciation and amortization for property and equipment under capital leases, is allocated as follows in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Network access	$	8,375	$	5,257
Network operations	4,155		3,195
Development and technology	2,195		1,602
General and administrative	260		254
Total depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	$	14,985	$	10,308

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Accrued expenses and other liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

5. Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Accrued construction in progress	$	6,611	$	6,753
Revenue share	4,751		5,611
Accrued customer liabilities	4,222		4,651
Salaries and wages	2,545		3,001
Accrued professional fees	1,919		1,183
Accrued taxes	1,752		1,761
Accrued partner network	1,017		1,022
Deferred rent	376		354
Other	2,134		3,387
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	25,327	$	27,723

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Income taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Income taxes

Income taxes

6. Income taxes

We calculate our interim income tax provision in accordance with ASC 270, Interim Reporting, and ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. At the end of each interim period, we estimate the annual effective tax rate and apply that rate to our ordinary quarterly earnings. The tax expense or benefit related to significant, unusual, or extraordinary items is recognized in the interim period in which those items occur. In addition, the effect of changes in enacted tax laws, rates, or tax status is recognized in the interim period in which the change occurs. Excess windfall tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to our stock option exercises and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) vestings are recognized as an income tax benefit or expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations in the period they are deducted on the income tax return. Excess windfall tax benefits and tax deficiencies are therefore not anticipated when determining the annual effective tax rate and are instead recognized in the interim period in which those items occur.

The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and significant judgment, including the expected operating income (loss) for the year, projections of the proportion of income (loss) earned and taxed in various states, permanent and temporary differences as a result of differences between amounts measured and recognized in accordance with tax laws and financial accounting standards, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained, or as the tax environment changes.

Income tax expense of $199 and $238 reflects an effective tax rate of 3.0% and 2.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to our valuation allowance for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $384 and $380 of uncertain tax positions, respectively, $84 of which is a reduction to deferred tax assets, which is presented net of uncertain tax positions, in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. We accrue interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income taxes. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we have accrued $71 and $67 for related interest, net of federal income tax benefits, and penalties recorded in income tax expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, respectively. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate at March 31, 2017 was $229.

We operate within federal, state and international taxing jurisdictions and are subject to audit in these jurisdictions. These audits can involve complex issues which may require an extended period of time to resolve. We are subject to taxation in the United States and in various states. Our tax years 2013 and forward are subject to examination by the IRS and our tax years 2012 and forward are subject to examination by material state jurisdictions. However, due to prior year loss carryovers, the IRS and state tax authorities may examine any tax years for which the carryovers are used to offset future taxable income.

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Credit Facility

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Credit Facility

Credit Facility

7. Credit Facility

We have entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) and related agreements, as amended, with Bank of America, N.A. acting as agent for lenders named therein, including Bank of America, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank, and Citizens Bank, N.A. (the “Lenders”), for a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit of up to $69,750 with an option to increase the available amount to $86,500 upon the satisfaction of certain conditions (the “Revolving Line of Credit”) and a term loan of $3,500 (the “Term Loan” and together with the Revolving Line of Credit, the “Credit Facility”). We may use borrowings under the Credit Facility for general working capital and corporate purposes. In general, amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility are secured by a lien against all of our assets, with certain exclusions.

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $10,000 and $15,000, respectively, was outstanding under the Revolving Line of Credit. Amounts outstanding under the Revolving Line of Credit are classified within long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2017 as we do not expect to repay the outstanding debt in the next twelve-month period. The Revolving Line of Credit requires quarterly payments of interest and matures on November 21, 2018, but may be prepaid in whole or part at any time. Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit and Term Loan will bear, at our election, a variable interest at LIBOR plus 2.5% - 3.5% or Lender’s Prime Rate plus 1.5% - 2.5% per year and we will pay a fee of 0.375% - 0.5% per year on any unused portion of the Revolving Line of Credit. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $1,531 and $1,969, respectively, was outstanding under the Term Loan. The Term Loan requires quarterly payments of interest and principal, amortizing fully over the four-year-term such that it is repaid in full on the maturity date of November 21, 2018, but may be prepaid in whole or part at any time. Repayment of amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility may be accelerated in the event that we are in violation of the representations, warranties and covenants made in the Credit Agreement, including certain financial covenants set forth therein, and under other specified default events including, but not limited to, non-payment or inability to pay debt, breach of cross default provisions, insolvency provisions, and change of control.

Principal payments due under our Term Loan through 2018 are as follows:

Period	Principal Payments
April 1, 2017 — December 31, 2017	$	656
January 1, 2018 — December 31, 2018	875
	$	1,531

We are subject to customary financial and non-financial covenants, including a minimum quarterly consolidated leverage ratio, a maximum quarterly consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, and monthly liquidity minimums. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of March 31, 2017.

Debt issuance costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the Credit Facility. Amortization expense related to debt issuance costs are included in interest and other income (expense), net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Amortization and interest expense capitalized during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 amounted to $234 and $276, respectively. Amortization and interest expense expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2017 amounted to $56. The interest rate for our Credit Facility for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was 3.5%.

Amortization expense for our debt issuance costs through 2018 is as follows:

Period	Amortization Expense
April 1, 2017 — December 31, 2017	$	182
January 1, 2018 — December 31, 2018	216
	$	398

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amount reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for the current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt approximates fair value (Level 2) based on the variable nature of the interest rates and lack of significant change to our credit risk.

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Commitments and contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies

8. Commitments and contingencies

Letters of credit

We have entered into Letter of Credit Authorization agreements (collectively, “Letters of Credit”), which are issued under our Credit Agreement. The Letters of Credit are irrevocable and serve as performance guarantees that will allow our customers to draw upon the available funds if we are in default. As of March 31, 2017, we have Letters of Credit totaling $4,016 that are scheduled to expire or renew over the next one-year period. There have been no drafts drawn under these Letters of Credit as of March 31, 2017.

Legal proceedings

From time to time, we may be subject to claims, suits, investigations and proceedings arising out of the normal course of business. We are not currently a party to any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.

Other matters

We have received a claim from one of our venue partners with respect to contractual terms on our revenue share payments. The claim asserts that we have underpaid revenue share payments and related interest by approximately $4,600. We believe this claim to be without merit and plan to defend against such claim. As of March 31, 2017, we have accrued for the probable and estimable losses that have been incurred. We are not currently a party to any other claims that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Stock incentive plans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Stock incentive plans

Stock incentive plans

9. Stock incentive plans

In March 2011, our board of directors approved the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (“2011 Plan”).  The 2011 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares of our common stock, stock units, and performance cash awards. As of January 1st of each year, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2011 Plan shall automatically be increased by a number equal to the lesser of (a) 4.5% of the total number of shares of common stock then outstanding, (b) 3,000,000 shares of common stock or (c) as determined by our board of directors. The automatic “evergreen” share reserve increase feature will be terminated after January 2018, so that no additional automatic annual share increases will occur thereafter. As of March 31, 2017, options to purchase 1,942,239 shares of common stock and RSUs covering 3,910,597 shares of common stock were outstanding under the 2011 Plan.

No further awards will be made under our Amended and Restated 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (“2001 Plan”), and it will be terminated. Options outstanding under the 2001 Plan will continue to be governed by their existing terms.

Stock-based compensation expense is allocated as follows on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Network operations	$	546	$	646
Development and technology	270		312
Selling and marketing	426		549
General and administrative	1,802		2,098
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,044	$	3,605

During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, we capitalized $194 and $182, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense.

Stock option awards

We grant stock option awards to both employees and non-employee directors. The grant date for these awards is the same as the measurement date. The stock option awards generally vest over a four-year service period with 25% vesting when the individual completes 12 months of continuous service and the remaining 75% vesting monthly thereafter. These awards are valued as of the measurement date and the stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

A summary of the stock option activity is as follows:

	Number of Options (000’s)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contract Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	3,084		$	7.04	3.8	$	17,145
Exercised	(179	)	$	2.46
Canceled/forfeited	(13	)	$	6.44
Outstanding at March 31, 2017	2,892		$	7.32	3.5	$	16,876
Exercisable at March 31, 2017	2,829		$	7.35	3.4	$	16,448

Restricted stock unit awards

We grant time-based RSUs to executive and non-executive personnel and non-employee directors. The time-based RSUs granted to executive and non-executive personnel generally vest over a three-year period subject to continuous service on each vesting date. The time-based RSUs for our non-employee directors generally vest over a one-year period for existing members and 25% per year over a four-year period for new members subject to continuous service on each vesting date.

We grant performance-based RSUs to executive personnel. These awards vest subject to certain performance objectives based on the Company’s revenue growth and/or Adjusted EBITDA growth achieved during the specified performance period and certain long-term service conditions. The maximum number of RSUs that may vest is determined based on actual Company achievement and performance-based RSUs generally vest over a three-year period subject to continuous service on each vesting date. We recognize stock-based compensation expense for performance-based RSUs when we believe that it is probable that the performance objectives will be met.

A summary of the RSU activity is as follows:

	Number of Shares (000’s)		Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2016	3,825		$	6.55
Granted	496		$	11.83
Vested	(345	)	$	6.48
Canceled/forfeited	(65	)	$	8.13
Non-vested at March 31, 2017	3,911		$	7.20

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, 345,214 shares of RSUs vested. The Company issued 210,326 shares and the remaining shares were withheld to pay minimum statutory federal, state, and local employment payroll taxes on those vested awards.

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Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

10. Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
	(in thousands)
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(6,880	)	$	(9,984	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common stock, basic and diluted	38,712			37,554
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.27	)

For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, we excluded all assumed exercises of stock options and the assumed issuance of common stock under RSUs from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive due to the net loss for the period.

On April 1, 2013, the Company approved a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to $10,000 of the Company’s common stock in the open market, exclusive of any commissions, markups or expenses. The stock repurchased will be retired and will resume the status of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. The Company did not repurchase any of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2017. As of March 31, 2017, the remaining approved amount for repurchases was approximately $5,180.

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Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation

Basis of presentation

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information has been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America (“U.S.”) for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2016 contained in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of our results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, and our financial position as of March 31, 2017. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for an entire year or any other future year or interim period.

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), which simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment. An entity will no longer perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Instead, impairment will be measured using the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the reporting unit. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for goodwill impairment tests with measurement dates after January 1, 2017. We elected to early adopt ASU 2017-04 as of January 1, 2017 and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), which adds or clarifies guidance to reduce diversity in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. The standard requires application using a retrospective transition method. We elected to early adopt ASU 2016-15 as of January 1, 2017 and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Principles of consolidation

Principles of consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our majority owned subsidiaries. We consolidate our 70% ownership of Chicago Concourse Development Group, LLC and our 75% ownership of Boingo Holding Participacoes Ltda. in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. Other parties’ interests in consolidated entities are reported as non-controlling interests. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Segment and geographic information

Segment and geographical information

We operate as one reportable segment; a service provider of wireless connectivity solutions across our managed and operated network and aggregated network for mobile devices such as laptops, smartphones, tablets and other wireless-enabled consumer devices. This single segment is consistent with the internal organization structure and the manner in which operations are reviewed and managed by our Chief Executive Officer, the chief operating decision maker.

All significant long-lived tangible assets are held in the United States of America. We do not disclose sales by geographic area because to do so would be impracticable.

The following is a summary of our revenue by primary revenue source:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Revenue:
DAS	$	16,256	$	11,106
Military	12,541		9,098
Wholesale—Wi-Fi	6,831		4,937
Retail	6,415		6,914
Advertising and other	2,290		2,444
Total revenue	$	44,333	$	34,499

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition

We generate revenue from several sources including: (i) DAS customers that are telecom operators under long-term contracts for access to our DAS at our managed and operated locations, (ii) military and retail customers under subscription plans for month-to-month network access that automatically renew, and military and retail single-use access from sales of hourly, daily or other single-use access plans, (iii) arrangements with wholesale Wi-Fi customers that provide software licensing, network access, and/or professional services fees, and (iv) display advertisements and sponsorships on our walled garden sign-in pages. Software licensed by our wholesale platform services customers can only be used during the term of the service arrangements and has no utility to them upon termination of the service arrangement.

We recognize revenue when an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, fees are fixed or determinable, no significant obligations remain related to the earned fees and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured. Revenue is presented net of any sales and value added taxes.

Revenue generated from access to our DAS networks consists of build-out fees and recurring access fees under certain long-term contracts with telecom operators. Build-out fees paid upfront are generally deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the estimated customer relationship period, once the build-out is complete. Periodically, we install and sell Wi-Fi and DAS networks to customers where we do not have service contracts or remaining obligations beyond the installation of those networks and we recognize build-out fees for such projects as revenue when the installation work is completed and the network has been accepted by the customer. Minimum monthly access fees for usage of the DAS networks are non-cancellable and generally escalate on an annual basis. These minimum monthly access fees are recognized ratably over the term of the telecom operator agreement. The initial term of our contracts with telecom operators generally range from five to twenty years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses. Revenue from DAS network access fees in excess of the monthly minimums is recognized when earned.

Subscription fees from military and retail customers are paid monthly in advance and revenue is deferred for the portions of monthly recurring subscription fees collected in advance. We provide refunds for our military and retail services on a case-by-case basis. These amounts are not significant and are recorded as contra-revenue in the period the refunds are made. Subscription fee revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period. Revenue generated from military and retail single-use access is recognized when access is provided.

Services provided to wholesale Wi-Fi partners generally contain several elements including: (i) a term license to use our software to access our Wi-Fi network, (ii) access fees for Wi-Fi network usage, and/or (iii) professional services for software integration and customization and to maintain the Wi-Fi service. The term license, monthly minimum network access fees and professional services are billed on a monthly basis based upon predetermined fixed rates. Once the term license for integration and customization are delivered, the fees from the arrangement are recognized ratably over the remaining term of the service arrangement. The initial term of the license agreements is generally between one to five years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses. Revenue for Wi-Fi network access fees in excess of the monthly minimum amounts is recognized when earned. All elements within existing service arrangements are generally delivered and earned concurrently throughout the term of the respective service arrangement.

In instances where the minimum monthly Wi-Fi and DAS network access fees escalate over the term of the wholesale service arrangement, an unbilled receivable is recognized when performance is within our control and when we have reasonable assurance that the unbilled receivable balance will be collected.

We adopted the provisions of ASU 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, on a prospective basis on January 1, 2011. For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, we defer recognition of revenue for the full arrangement and recognize all revenue ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements, as we do not have evidence of fair value for the undelivered elements in the arrangement. For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into or materially modified after January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under ASC 605-25, we evaluate whether or not separate units of accounting exist and then allocate the arrangement consideration to all units of accounting based on the relative selling price method using estimated selling prices if vendor specific objective evidence and third party evidence is not available. We recognize the revenue associated with the separate units of accounting upon completion of such services or ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements.

Advertising revenue is generated from advertisements on our managed and operated or partner networks. In determining whether an arrangement exists, we ensure that a binding arrangement is in place, such as a standard insertion order or a fully executed customer-specific agreement. Obligations pursuant to our advertising revenue arrangements typically include a minimum number of units or the satisfaction of certain performance criteria. Advertising and other revenue is recognized when the services are performed.

Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency translation

Our Brazilian subsidiary uses the Brazilian Real as its functional currency. Assets and liabilities of our Brazilian subsidiary are translated to U.S. dollars at period-end rates of exchange, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing for each month. The resulting translation adjustments are made directly to a separate component of other comprehensive loss, which is reflected in stockholders’ equity in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had $(808) and $(870), respectively, of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax, which was $0 as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 due to the full valuation allowance established against our deferred tax assets, in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Some of our subsidiaries also enter into transactions and have monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the entities’ respective functional currencies. Gains and losses from the revaluation of foreign currency transactions and monetary assets and liabilities are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact, and we consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The accounting guidance for fair value measurement also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

· Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

· Level 2—Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

· Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The carrying amount reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and deferred revenue approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amount reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for current portion of capital leases and notes payable and long-term portion of capital leases and notes payable approximate fair value (Level 2) based on the lack of significant change in our credit risk.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with lease terms of more than 12 months on the balance sheet. Under the new guidance, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for all entities on a modified retrospective basis, with elective reliefs. We are currently evaluating the expected impact of this new standard.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts with Customers, which is intended to improve and converge the financial reporting requirements for revenue from contracts with customers between U.S. GAAP and International Accounting Standards. In accordance with this new standard, an entity would recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services. The standard establishes a five-step model and related application guidance, which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The FASB has subsequently issued several updates and proposals to clarify guidance to be applied. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue From Contracts with Customers (Topic (606): Deferral of the Effective Date, to defer the effective date of the new revenue standard by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which amends the principal versus agent guidance in the new revenue standard. ASU 2016-08 clarifies that the analysis must focus on whether the entity has control of the goods or services before they are transferred to the customer. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which amends the revenue guidance on identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of intellectual property. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which amends certain aspects of Topic 606. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides disclosure relief and clarifies the scope and application of the new revenue standard and related cost guidance. The standard, as amended, will be effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The FASB also agreed to allow entities to choose to adopt the new standard as of the original effective date. An entity may choose to adopt the new standard either retrospectively or through a cumulative effect adjustment as of the start of the first period for which it applies the new standard. We have selected January 1, 2018 as our effective date but we have not yet selected a transition method. We are currently evaluating the adoption approach. Our final determination will depend on a number of factors, such as the significance of the impact of the new standard on our financial results, our ability to accumulate and analyze the information necessary to assess the impact on prior period financial statements and our ability to maintain two sets of financials under current and new standards if we were to adopt the full retrospective approach. We are in the assessment stage of our evaluation of the impact of the new standard on our accounting policies, processes, and system requirements. We have assigned internal resources in addition to the engagement of third party service providers to assist in the evaluation. While we continue to assess all potential impacts under the new standard, there is the potential for significant impacts to the timing of recognition of revenue.

Income taxes

Income taxes

We calculate our interim income tax provision in accordance with ASC 270, Interim Reporting, and ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. At the end of each interim period, we estimate the annual effective tax rate and apply that rate to our ordinary quarterly earnings. The tax expense or benefit related to significant, unusual, or extraordinary items is recognized in the interim period in which those items occur. In addition, the effect of changes in enacted tax laws, rates, or tax status is recognized in the interim period in which the change occurs. Excess windfall tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to our stock option exercises and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) vestings are recognized as an income tax benefit or expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations in the period they are deducted on the income tax return. Excess windfall tax benefits and tax deficiencies are therefore not anticipated when determining the annual effective tax rate and are instead recognized in the interim period in which those items occur.

The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and significant judgment, including the expected operating income (loss) for the year, projections of the proportion of income (loss) earned and taxed in various states, permanent and temporary differences as a result of differences between amounts measured and recognized in accordance with tax laws and financial accounting standards, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained, or as the tax environment changes.

Credit Facility

Credit Facility

Debt issuance costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the Credit Facility. Amortization expense related to debt issuance costs are included in interest and other income (expense), net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amount reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for the current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt approximates fair value (Level 2) based on the variable nature of the interest rates and lack of significant change to our credit risk.

Stock incentive plans

Stock option awards

We grant stock option awards to both employees and non-employee directors. The grant date for these awards is the same as the measurement date. The stock option awards generally vest over a four-year service period with 25% vesting when the individual completes 12 months of continuous service and the remaining 75% vesting monthly thereafter. These awards are valued as of the measurement date and the stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

Restricted stock unit awards

We grant time-based RSUs to executive and non-executive personnel and non-employee directors. The time-based RSUs granted to executive and non-executive personnel generally vest over a three-year period subject to continuous service on each vesting date. The time-based RSUs for our non-employee directors generally vest over a one-year period for existing members and 25% per year over a four-year period for new members subject to continuous service on each vesting date.

We grant performance-based RSUs to executive personnel. These awards vest subject to certain performance objectives based on the Company’s revenue growth and/or Adjusted EBITDA growth achieved during the specified performance period and certain long-term service conditions. The maximum number of RSUs that may vest is determined based on actual Company achievement and performance-based RSUs generally vest over a three-year period subject to continuous service on each vesting date. We recognize stock-based compensation expense for performance-based RSUs when we believe that it is probable that the performance objectives will be met.

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Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Summary of significant accounting policies

Summary of the entity's revenue by primary revenue source

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Revenue:
DAS	$	16,256	$	11,106
Military	12,541		9,098
Wholesale—Wi-Fi	6,831		4,937
Retail	6,415		6,914
Advertising and other	2,290		2,444
Total revenue	$	44,333	$	34,499

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Cash and cash equivalents (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Cash and cash equivalents

Schedule of cash and cash equivalents

	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	16,737	$	17,246
Money market accounts	2,241		2,239
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	18,978	$	19,485

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Property and equipment (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Property and equipment

Schedule of property and equipment

	March 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Leasehold improvements	$	362,314		$	358,477
Software	35,778			33,349
Construction in progress	27,437			18,859
Computer equipment	11,186			10,878
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment	1,751			1,760
Total property and equipment	438,466			423,323
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(187,531		)	(172,558		)
Total property and equipment, net	$	250,935		$	250,765

Schedule of depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Network access	$	8,375	$	5,257
Network operations	4,155		3,195
Development and technology	2,195		1,602
General and administrative	260		254
Total depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	$	14,985	$	10,308

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Accrued expenses and other liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Schedule of accrued expenses and other liabilities

	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Accrued construction in progress	$	6,611	$	6,753
Revenue share	4,751		5,611
Accrued customer liabilities	4,222		4,651
Salaries and wages	2,545		3,001
Accrued professional fees	1,919		1,183
Accrued taxes	1,752		1,761
Accrued partner network	1,017		1,022
Deferred rent	376		354
Other	2,134		3,387
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	25,327	$	27,723

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Credit Facility (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Credit Facility

Schedule of principal payments due under Term Loan

Period	Principal Payments
April 1, 2017 — December 31, 2017	$	656
January 1, 2018 — December 31, 2018	875
	$	1,531

Schedule of amortization expense for debt issuance costs

Period	Amortization Expense
April 1, 2017 — December 31, 2017	$	182
January 1, 2018 — December 31, 2018	216
	$	398

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Stock incentive plans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Stock incentive plans

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Network operations	$	546	$	646
Development and technology	270		312
Selling and marketing	426		549
General and administrative	1,802		2,098
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,044	$	3,605

Summary of stock option activity

	Number of Options (000’s)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contract Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	3,084		$	7.04	3.8	$	17,145
Exercised	(179	)	$	2.46
Canceled/forfeited	(13	)	$	6.44
Outstanding at March 31, 2017	2,892		$	7.32	3.5	$	16,876
Exercisable at March 31, 2017	2,829		$	7.35	3.4	$	16,448

Summary of RSU activity

	Number of Shares (000’s)		Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2016	3,825		$	6.55
Granted	496		$	11.83
Vested	(345	)	$	6.48
Canceled/forfeited	(65	)	$	8.13
Non-vested at March 31, 2017	3,911		$	7.20

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Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

Schedule of computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
	(in thousands)
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(6,880	)	$	(9,984	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common stock, basic and diluted	38,712			37,554
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.27	)

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The business (Details) item in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017 item
Minimum
The business
Number of commercial hotspots worldwide for which Wi-Fi subscriptions and day passes provide access	1.5

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Summary of significant accounting policies - Principles of consolidation (Details)	Mar. 31, 2017
Chicago Concourse Development Group, LLC
Principles of consolidation
Percentage of ownership in subsidiaries	70.00%
Boingo Holding Participacoes Ltda.
Principles of consolidation
Percentage of ownership in subsidiaries	75.00%

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Summary of significant accounting policies- Revenue by segment (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Primary revenue source
Number of reportable segments | segment	1
Revenue	$ 44,333	$ 34,499
DAS
Primary revenue source
Revenue	16,256	11,106
Military
Primary revenue source
Revenue	12,541	9,098
Wholesale-Wi-Fi
Primary revenue source
Revenue	6,831	4,937
Retail
Primary revenue source
Revenue	6,415	6,914
Advertising and other
Primary revenue source
Revenue	$ 2,290	$ 2,444

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Summary of significant accounting policies - Revenue recognition (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017
DAS license agreements | Minimum
Revenue recognition
Term of the arrangement used to determine revenue recognition	5 years
DAS license agreements | Maximum
Revenue recognition
Term of the arrangement used to determine revenue recognition	20 years
Wholesale-Wi-Fi | Minimum
Revenue recognition
Term of the arrangement used to determine revenue recognition	1 year
Wholesale-Wi-Fi | Maximum
Revenue recognition
Term of the arrangement used to determine revenue recognition	5 years

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Summary of significant accounting policies - Foreign currency translation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Foreign Currency Translation
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax in accumulated other comprehensive income	$ (808)	$ (870)
Income tax effect related to foreign currency translation adjustments	$ 0	$ 0

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Cash and cash equivalents (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$ 16,737	$ 17,246
Money market accounts	2,241	2,239
Total cash and cash equivalents	$ 18,978	$ 19,485	$ 14,651	$ 14,718

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Property and equipment - Summary by type (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 438,466	$ 423,323
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(187,531)	(172,558)
Total property and equipment, net	250,935	250,765
Leasehold improvements
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	362,314	358,477
Software
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	35,778	33,349
Construction in progress
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	27,437	18,859
Computer equipment
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	11,186	10,878
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment
Property and equipment
Total property and equipment	$ 1,751	$ 1,760

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Property and equipment- Depreciation and amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2016
Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	$ 14,985	$ 10,308
Network access
Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	8,375	5,257
Network operations
Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	4,155	3,195
Development and technology
Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	2,195	1,602
General and administrative
Depreciation and amortization
Total depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	$ 260	$ 254

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Accrued expenses and other liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Accrued construction in progress	$ 6,611	$ 6,753
Revenue share	4,751	5,611
Accrued customer liabilities	4,222	4,651
Salaries and wages	2,545	3,001
Accrued professional fees	1,919	1,183
Accrued taxes	1,752	1,761
Accrued partner network	1,017	1,022
Deferred rent	376	354
Other	2,134	3,387
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$ 25,327	$ 27,723

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Income taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Income taxes
Income tax expense	$ 199	$ 238
Effective tax rate (as a percent)	3.00%	2.50%
Uncertain tax positions	$ 384		$ 380
Uncertain tax positions, reduction to deferred tax assets	84		84
Accrued interest, net of federal income tax benefits, and penalties	71		$ 67
Unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate	$ 229

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Credit Facility (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Credit Facility
Credit Facility
Amortization and interest expense capitalized	$ 234	$ 276
Amortization and interest expense expensed	$ 56
Interest rate percentage	3.50%
Amortization of debt issuance costs
April 1, 2017 - December 31, 2017	$ 182
January 1, 2018 - December 31, 2018	216
Amortization of debt issuance costs	$ 398
Credit Facility | LIBOR | Minimum
Credit Facility
Spread on floating interest rate (as a percent)	2.50%
Credit Facility | LIBOR | Maximum
Credit Facility
Spread on floating interest rate (as a percent)	3.50%
Credit Facility | Prime Rate | Minimum
Credit Facility
Spread on floating interest rate (as a percent)	1.50%
Credit Facility | Prime Rate | Maximum
Credit Facility
Spread on floating interest rate (as a percent)	2.50%
Revolving Line of Credit
Credit Facility
Current issued borrowing capacity	$ 69,750
Maximum borrowing capacity with an option to increase the available amount upon the satisfaction of certain conditions	86,500
Outstanding balance	$ 10,000		$ 15,000
Revolving Line of Credit | Minimum
Credit Facility
Fee on unused portion of Revolving Line of Credit (as a percent)	0.375%
Revolving Line of Credit | Maximum
Credit Facility
Fee on unused portion of Revolving Line of Credit (as a percent)	0.50%
Term Loan
Credit Facility
Current issued borrowing capacity	$ 3,500
Outstanding balance	$ 1,531		$ 1,969
Term of the debt	4 years
Principal payments of Term Loan
April 1, 2017 - December 31, 2017	$ 656
January 1, 2018 - December 31, 2018	875
Total	$ 1,531

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Commitments and contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($) item claim
Underpaid revenue share payments and related interest
Other matters
Number of claim received | claim	1
Claim value	$ 4,600
Letters of Credit
Commitments and contingencies
Current issued borrowing capacity	$ 4,016
Term period of Letters of Credit agreements	1 year
Number of drafts drawn under Letters of Credit | item	0

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Stock incentive plans - General (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Stock incentive plans
Number of options outstanding	2,892,000	3,084,000
2011 Plan
Stock incentive plans
Annual percentage increase alternative, increase in common stock reserved for issuance as a percentage of common stock outstanding	4.50%
Annual fixed increase alternative, increase in shares of common stock reserved for issuance (in shares)	3,000,000
Stock options | 2011 Plan
Stock incentive plans
Number of options outstanding	1,942,239
RSUs | 2011 Plan
Stock incentive plans
RSUs outstanding	3,910,597

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Stock incentive plans - Compensation expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2016
Recognized stock-based compensation expense
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,044	$ 3,605
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized	194	182
Network operations
Recognized stock-based compensation expense
Total stock-based compensation expense	546	646
Development and technology
Recognized stock-based compensation expense
Total stock-based compensation expense	270	312
Selling and marketing
Recognized stock-based compensation expense
Total stock-based compensation expense	426	549
General and administrative
Recognized stock-based compensation expense
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,802	$ 2,098

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Stock incentive plans - Stock option awards (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Number of Options
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	3,084
Exercised (in shares)	(179)
Canceled/forfeited (in shares)	(13)
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	2,892	3,084
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares)	2,829
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 7.04
Exercised (in dollars per share)	2.46
Canceled/forfeited (in dollars per share)	6.44
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	7.32	$ 7.04
Exercisable at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 7.35
Weighted-Average Remaining Contract Life (years)
Outstanding	3 years 6 months	3 years 9 months 18 days
Exercisable at the end of the period	3 years 4 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at the end of the period	$ 16,876	$ 17,145
Exercisable at the end of the period	$ 16,448
Stock options
Stock incentive plans
Vesting period	4 years
Vesting percentage when the individual completes 12 months of continuous service	25.00%
Continuous service period of individual	12 months
Vesting percentage on a monthly basis	75.00%

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Stock incentive plans - Restricted stock awards (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017 $ / shares shares
RSUs
Stock incentive plans
Shares of common stock issued resulting from vesting	210,326
Number of Shares
Non-vested at beginning of period (in shares)	3,825,000
Granted (in shares)	496,000
Vested (in shares)	(345,214)
Canceled/ forfeited (in shares)	(65,000)
Non-vested at end of period (in shares)	3,911,000
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at beginning period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.55
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	11.83
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	6.48
Canceled/forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	8.13
Non-vested at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.20
Time-based restricted stock unit awards | Executive And Non Executive Member
Stock incentive plans
Vesting period	3 years
Time-based restricted stock unit awards | Non-employee directors and existing members
Stock incentive plans
Vesting period	1 year
Time-based restricted stock unit awards | Non-employee directors and new members
Stock incentive plans
Vesting period	4 years
Vesting percentage when the individual completes 12 months of continuous service	25.00%
Performance-based restricted stock unit awards | Executive members
Stock incentive plans
Vesting period	3 years

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Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2016	Apr. 01, 2013
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$ (6,880)	$ (9,984)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common stock, basic and diluted (in shares)	38,712	37,554
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.27)
Stock repurchase program
Remaining approved amount for repurchases	$ 5,180
Maximum
Stock repurchase program
Amount of common stock approved by the entity for a stock repurchase program			$ 10,000