XML 61 R19.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v2.4.0.6
Critical Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2012
Critical Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by West Bancorporation, Inc. (the Company) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission.  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Although management believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented understandable, it is suggested that these interim consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.  In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position as of September 30, 2012, and December 31, 2011, the net income and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011.  The results for these interim periods may not be indicative of results for the entire year or for any other period.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB).  References to GAAP issued by the FASB in these footnotes are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™, sometimes referred to as the Codification or ASC.
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]
In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term are the fair value of financial instruments and other than temporary impairment (OTTI), the valuation of other real estate owned, and the allowance for loan losses.
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, West Bank, West Bank's wholly-owned subsidiary WB Funding Corporation (which owns an interest in a partnership), and West Bank's 99.99 percent owned subsidiary ICD IV, LLC (a community development entity).  All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.  In accordance with GAAP, West Bancorporation Capital Trust I is recorded on the books of the Company using the equity method of accounting and is not consolidated.
Reclassification, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Certain items in the financial statements as of September 30, 2011, were reclassified to be consistent with the classifications used in the September 30, 2012, financial statements. The reclassification had no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Current accounting developments: In April 2011, the FASB issued guidance to improve the accounting for repurchase agreements and other agreements that both entitle and obligate a transferor to repurchase or redeem financial assets before their maturity. This guidance removes from the assessment of effective control in the accounting for repurchase agreements (a) the criterion requiring the transferor to have the ability to repurchase or redeem the financial assets on substantially the agreed terms, even in the event of default by the transferee, and (b) the collateral maintenance implementation guidance related to that criterion. The guidance was effective for the first interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In May 2011, the FASB issued amended guidance to improve the comparability of fair value measurements presented and disclosed in financial statements made in accordance with GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. The guidance does not extend the use of fair value accounting, but provides guidance on how it should be applied in situations where it is already required or permitted. The guidance is included in the Codification as part of ASC 820. The guidance was effective for public companies during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Marketable Securities, Available-for-sale Securities, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Securities available for sale are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes.  The Company evaluates each of its investment securities whose value has declined below amortized cost to determine whether the decline in fair value is OTTI.  The investment portfolio is evaluated for OTTI by segregating the portfolio into two segments and applying the appropriate OTTI model. Investment securities classified as available for sale are generally evaluated for OTTI under FASB ASC 320, Investments - Debt and Equity Securities. However, certain purchased beneficial interests in securitized financial assets, including asset-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations that had credit ratings below AA at the time of purchase, are evaluated using the model outlined in FASB ASC 325, Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets.

In determining OTTI under the FASB ASC 320 model, the review takes into consideration the severity and duration of the decline in fair value, the length of time expected for recovery, the financial condition of the issuer, and other qualitative factors, as well as whether the Company intends to sell the security or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery.

Under the FASB ASC 325 model for the second segment of the portfolio, the Company compares the present value of the remaining cash flows as estimated at the preceding evaluation date to the current expected remaining cash flows. An OTTI is deemed to have occurred if there has been an adverse change in the remaining expected future cash flows.

When OTTI occurs under either model, the amount of the OTTI recognized in earnings depends on whether the Company intends to sell the security or whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If the Company intends to sell or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the OTTI is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment's amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the OTTI is separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total OTTI related to the credit loss is determined based on the present value of cash flows expected to be collected, using the original yield as the discount rate, and is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total OTTI related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the OTTI recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment. The assessment of whether an OTTI exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to management at the time.

Loans and Leases Receivable, Real Estate Acquired Through Foreclosure, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Other real estate owned includes real estate properties acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure.  They are initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs.  After foreclosure, valuations are performed by management at least annually by obtaining updated appraisals or other market information.  Any subsequent write-downs are recorded as a charge to operations.
Loans and Leases Receivable, Nonaccrual Loan and Lease Status, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Delinquencies are determined based on the payment terms of the individual loan agreements. The accrual of interest on past due and other impaired loans is generally discontinued at 90 days or when, in the opinion of management, the borrower may be unable to make all contractual payments pursuant to contractual terms.  Unless considered collectible, all interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income, if accrued in the current year, or charged to the allowance for loan losses, if accrued in the prior year.  Generally, all payments received while a loan is on nonaccrual status are applied to the principal balance of the loan. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. 
Loans and Leases Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring Policy [Policy Text Block]
A loan is classified as a troubled debt restructured (TDR) loan when the Company concludes that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and a concession was granted that would not otherwise be considered. Concessions may include a restructuring of the terms of a loan to alleviate the burden on the borrower's cash requirements, such as an extension of the payment terms beyond the original maturity date or a change in the interest rate charged.  TDR loans with extended payment terms are accounted for as impaired until performance is established. A change to the interest rate would change the classification of a loan to a TDR loan if the restructured loan yields a rate which is below a market rate for that of a new loan with comparable risk. TDR loans with below market rates are considered impaired until fully collected. TDR loans may be reported as nonaccrual or past due 90 days, rather than as a TDR loan, if they are not performing per the restructured terms.
Impaired Financing Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Based upon its ongoing assessment of credit quality within the loan portfolio, the Company maintains a Watch List, which includes Classified loans. These loans involve anticipated potential payment defaults or collateral inadequacies. A loan on the Watch List is considered impaired when management believes it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all contractual principal and interest payments due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement.  Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.  The amount of impairment, if any, and any subsequent changes are included in the allowance for loan losses.
Loans and Leases Receivable, Allowance for Loan Losses Policy [Policy Text Block]
The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense.  Loans in each of the Company's segments are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that collectibility of the principal is unlikely.  The allowance is an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb probable losses on existing loans, based on an evaluation of the collectibility of loans and prior loss experience.  This evaluation also takes into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, the review of specific problem loans, and current economic conditions that may affect the borrower's ability to pay.  While management uses the best information available to make its evaluation, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if there are significant changes in economic conditions or the other factors relied upon.

The allowance for loan losses consists of specific and general components.  The specific component relates to loans that meet the definition of impaired.  The general component covers the remaining loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors such as delinquency trends, loan growth, economic elements, and local market conditions.  These same policies are applied to all segments of loans. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination processes, periodically review West Bank's allowance for loan losses, and may require West Bank to make additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations.
Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Accounting guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities using a hierarchy system, and defines required disclosures.  It clarifies that fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts business.

The Company's balance sheet contains securities available for sale that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.  The three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value is as follows:

Level 1 uses quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 uses observable market based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3 uses unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

When available, quoted market prices are used to determine the fair value of investment securities and such items are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Examples include U.S. Treasury securities, certain corporate bonds, and preferred stocks. For other securities, the Company determines fair value based on various sources and may apply matrix pricing with observable prices for similar bonds where a price for the identical bond is not observable. Securities measured at fair value by such methods are classified as Level 2. The fair values of Level 2 securities are determined by pricing models that consider observable market data, such as interest rate volatilities, LIBOR yield curve, credit spreads and prices from market makers, and live trading systems. Certain securities are not valued based on observable inputs and are, therefore, classified as Level 3. The fair value of these securities is based on management's best estimates.
Fair Value Transfer, Policy [Policy Text Block]
The Company's policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the end of each reporting period, if applicable.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]
GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis.  The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis are discussed above.  The methodologies for other financial assets and financial liabilities are discussed below.

Cash and due from banks:  The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Federal funds sold and other short-term investments:  The carrying amount approximates fair value.

FHLB stock:  The fair value of this restricted stock is estimated at its carrying value and redemption price of $100 per share.

Loans held for sale:  The fair values of loans held for sale are based on estimated selling prices.

Loans:  The fair values of loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis based on observable market interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers with similar credit quality.

Deposits:  The carrying amounts for demand and savings deposits, which represent the amounts payable on demand, approximate their fair values.  The fair values for fixed-rate and variable-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on observable market interest rates currently being offered on certificates with similar terms.

Accrued interest receivable and payable:  The fair values of both accrued interest receivable and payable approximate their carrying amounts.

Short-term and other borrowings:  The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase approximates fair values.  The fair values of FHLB advances and subordinated notes are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, based on observable market interest rates currently being offered with similar terms.

Commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit:  The approximate fair values of commitments and standby letters of credit are based on the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and creditworthiness of the counterparties.
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]
The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock-based awards based on the fair value of the award at the grant date and based upon the number of awards ultimately expected to vest. The fair value of nonvested RSUs granted is equal to the fair market value of the underlying common stock at the grant date. Compensation expense is recognized on the straight-line method over the vesting period. The Company currently assumes no projected forfeitures on its stock-based compensation, since all RSUs are expected to vest.
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share for all periods reflect the potential dilution that could occur if the Company's outstanding RSUs were vested. The dilutive effect was computed using the treasury stock method, which assumes all outstanding warrants were exercised and assumes all stock-based awards are exercised and the hypothetical proceeds from exercise are used by the Company to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period.  The incremental shares, to the extent they would have been dilutive, are included in the denominator of the diluted earnings per common share calculation. 
Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income consists of the net change in unrealized gains and losses on the Company's securities available for sale, including the noncredit-related portion of unrealized losses of any OTTI securities.
Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposure, Policy [Policy Text Block]
The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit.  These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations that it uses for on-balance-sheet instruments.