The consolidated financial statements of Lloyds Banking Group plc and its subsidiary undertakings (the Group) have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

The financial information has been prepared under the historical cost convention, as modified by the revaluation of investment properties, insurance and reinsurance contract assets and liabilities measured at their fulfilment values in accordance with IFRS 17, financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, trading securities and certain other financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and all derivative contracts. The directors consider that it is appropriate to continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. In reaching this assessment, the directors have considered the impact of climate change upon the Group’s performance and projected funding and capital position. The directors have also taken into account the results from stress testing scenarios.

Except for accounting policies and methods of computation affected by IFRS 17 and the IAS 12 exception relating to the recognition and disclosure of the implication of certain potential deferred tax consequences, the Group’s accounting policies are consistent with those applied by the Group in its financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 and there have been no changes in the Group’s methods of computation. Following amendments to IAS 12 by the IASB (International Tax Reform – Pillar Two Model Rules, issued in May 2023) entities are not permitted to disclose information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to the Organisation for Economic, Co-operation and Development’s Pillar Two Model Rules, including any qualified domestic minimum top-up taxes. No changes arise to the Group’s deferred tax assets or liabilities as a result of the Group having applied the relevant exception.

Changes have been made to the presentation of the Group’s income statement and the Group’s balance sheet arising from the adoption of IFRS 17. In addition to the impact of IFRS 17, the following changes have been made to the presentation of the Group’s income statement and balance sheet to provide a more relevant analysis of the Group’s financial performance and financial position:

•Movement in third party interests in consolidated funds are presented separately on the face of the income statement rather than within interest expense. There is no change to the balance sheet presentation of the third party interests

Except for the impact of IFRS 17, there has been no change in the basis of accounting for any of the underlying transactions. Comparatives for 2022 have been restated for the impact of IFRS 17. Comparatives for 2022 and 2021 have been restated for all other changes.

IFRS 17 establishes principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts, including reinsurance contracts issued, participating investment contracts and reinsurance contracts held.

The Group’s change in accounting policies arising from the adoption of IFRS 17 has been made in accordance with the transitional provisions of the standard. IFRS 17 requires a full retrospective approach unless it is impracticable to do so. Under the full retrospective approach, transition impacts are calculated as if IFRS 17 had always applied and it prohibits the use of hindsight. This requires having full and granular data on assumptions and cash flows so that, at the point of contract recognition, the IFRS 17 contract value and contractual service margin (CSM) can be calculated and revalued up to the point of transition. If it is impracticable to apply IFRS 17 retrospectively, a choice is permitted between a modified retrospective approach, provided qualifying conditions are met, or a fair value approach. The different approaches can be applied to different groups of insurance contracts.

On transition, the Group used the full retrospective approach for business written since 1 January 2016 using Solvency II modelling tools developed when Solvency II was implemented, which are only available to support the calculation of IFRS 17 results from that date. The full retrospective approach was deemed impracticable for contracts initially recognised prior to 1 January 2016 as the models required to calculate the risk adjustment were not in use within the business prior to this date. The Group opted to use the fair value approach for business initially recognised prior to 2016, and valuations supporting Solvency II at the transition date were used to support the fair value calculation for transition for that business.

Changes have also been made to the Group’s cash flow statement arising from the adoption of IFRS 17. As noted below, IFRS 17 has required several measurement changes to the balance sheet including the derecognition of the value of in-force (VIF) asset, the measurement of contract liabilities on a probability-weighted basis and the creation of a CSM liability. These changes, together with the presentation of the change in insurance contract liabilities within the change in operating liabilities, have resulted in a restatement of the adjustment for changes in both operating assets and liabilities as well as non-cash and other items. Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 2022 were not impacted by the adoption of IFRS 17.

On transition to IFRS 17, the Group’s total equity at 1 January 2022 was reduced by £1,935 million from £53,152 million under IFRS 4 to £51,217 million under IFRS 17. The reduction in equity is primarily driven by the derecognition of the VIF asset (£5,317 million), the move to a probability-weighted estimate (expected value) of contract liabilities (£5,915 million), the creation of the new CSM liability (£1,927 million, net of reinsurance) and the establishment of the risk adjustment (£1,492 million, net of reinsurance).

The CSM at the transition date is released to the income statement in future periods as insurance contract services are provided. The table below summarises the approach the Group has applied to groups of insurance contracts at the transition date and the resulting CSM.


		CSM at transition date
Year contracts initially recognised	Transition approach	£m	%
Contracts initially recognised prior to 1 January 2016	Fair value approach1	1,419	74
Contracts initially recognised after 1 January 2016	Full retrospective approach	508	26
		1,927	100

1 The fair value element of the CSM was determined as the difference between the fair value of a group of contracts and the fulfilment cash flows at 1 January 2022. Fair value was determined using an economic value creation model which relied on a number of judgements, assumptions and non-observable inputs including: the market participant in the transaction shared the same characteristics as the Group, the best estimate assumptions were aligned to those used by the Group in its 1 January 2022 regulatory calculations and the required capital in the model was based on the capital requirement, plus the additional internal capital buffer, at that date. The model considered the expected profit arising in each future period as the value of the realistic cash flow less the release of required capital. The stream of profits derived was then discounted at a required rate of return. The Group has applied the simplification permitting contracts in different annual cohorts to be grouped together into a single group for measurement purposes.

In addition to the impact of £1,935 million at 1 January 2022, at 31 December 2022, total equity is also impacted by the restatement of the income statement for the year ended 31 December 2022, resulting in a further reduction of £1,632 million in retained profits. This arose from the impact of revised income recognition requirements, changes in interest rates during 2022 and the effect of contract modifications. There is a further reduction in total equity of £43 million in respect of the foreign currency translation reserve and the reclassification of treasury shares on transition to IFRS 17. Total equity at 31 December 2022 reduced by £3,610 million, from £47,521 million under IFRS 4 to £43,911 million under IFRS 17.

Whilst IFRS 17 does not change the total profit recognised over the life of an insurance contract or participating investment contract, it does change both the phasing of profit recognition and the amounts recognised within individual income statement line items, including other income and operating expenses. Under IFRS 17, the Group is required to defer substantially all of the expected profit through the recognition of a CSM on the balance sheet; the CSM is subsequently released to the income statement over the coverage period of the product. The expected profit includes estimated future premiums and claims together with expected administration costs such as claims handling costs, costs incurred to provide contractual policyholder benefits and policy administration and maintenance costs.

The impact of IFRS 17 on the Group’s results for the year ended 31 December 2022 was to reduce profit before tax by £2,146 million and reduce profit after tax by £1,632 million compared to results reported under IFRS 4.

The IASB has issued a number of minor amendments to IFRSs effective 1 January 2024, including IFRS 16 Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback, IAS 1 Non-current Liabilities with Covenants, and IAS 1 Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current. These amendments are not expected to have a significant impact on the Group.