UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

March 17, 2022

Commission File Number 001-15244

CREDIT SUISSE GROUP AG

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

Paradeplatz 8, CH 8001 Zurich, Switzerland

(Address of principal executive office)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

   Form 20-F      Form 40-F   

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):

Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submitted solely to provide an attached annual report to security holders.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):

Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submitted to furnish a report or other document that the registrant foreign private issuer must furnish and make public under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the registrant is incorporated, domiciled or legally organized (the registrant’s “home country”), or under the rules of the home country exchange on which the registrant’s securities are traded, as long as the report or other document is not a press release, is not required to be and has not been distributed to the registrant’s security holders, and, if discussing a material event, has already been the subject of a Form 6-K submission or other Commission filing on EDGAR.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

   Yes      No   

If “Yes” is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b): 82-.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

CREDIT SUISSE GROUP AG

 (Registrant)

Date: March 17, 2022

By:

/s/ David Wildermuth

David Wildermuth

Chief Risk Officer

By:

/s/ David R. Mathers

David R. Mathers

Chief Financial Officer

For purposes of this report, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Credit Suisse,” the “Group,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean Credit Suisse Group AG and its consolidated subsidiaries. The business of Credit Suisse AG, the direct bank subsidiary of the Group, is substantially similar to the Group, and we use these terms to refer to both when the subject is the same or substantially similar. We use the term the “Bank” when we are only referring to Credit Suisse AG and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Abbreviations are explained in the List of abbreviations in the back of this report.

Publications referenced in this report, whether via website links or otherwise, are not incorporated into this report.

In various tables, use of “–” indicates not meaningful or not applicable.

Pillar 3 and regulatory disclosures 4Q21

Credit Suisse Group AG

Introduction
Swiss capital requirements
Overview of risk management
Risk-weighted assets
Linkages between financial statements and regulatory exposures
Credit risk
Counterparty credit risk
Securitization
Market risk
Interest rate risk in the banking book
Additional regulatory disclosures
List of abbreviations
Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking information

Introduction

General

This report as of December 31, 2021 is based on the revised Circular 2016/1 “Disclosure – banks” (FINMA circular) issued by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA (FINMA).

This report is produced and published quarterly, in accordance with FINMA requirements. The reporting frequency for each disclosure requirement is either annual, semi-annual or quarterly. This document should be read in conjunction with the Pillar 3 and regulatory disclosures – Credit Suisse Group AG 2Q21 and 3Q21 as well as the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021, which include important information on regulatory capital, risk management (specific references have been made herein to these documents) and regulatory developments and proposals.

Credit Suisse Group is the highest consolidated entity to which the FINMA circular applies.

These disclosures were verified and approved internally in line with our board-approved policy on disclosure controls and procedures. The level of internal control processes for these disclosures is similar to those applied to the Group’s quarterly and annual financial reports. This report has not been audited by the Group’s external auditors.

For certain prescribed table formats where line items have zero balances, such line items have not been presented.

This report reflects certain updates and corrections to prior period metrics, which have been noted in the relevant tabular disclosures, where applicable.

Other regulatory disclosures

In connection with the implementation of Basel III, certain regulatory disclosures for the Group and certain of its subsidiaries are required. The Group’s Pillar 3 disclosure, regulatory disclosures, additional information on capital instruments, including the main features of regulatory capital instruments and total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC)-eligible instruments that form part of the eligible capital base and TLAC resources, Global systemically important bank (G-SIB) financial indicators, reconciliation requirements, leverage ratios and certain liquidity disclosures as well as regulatory disclosures for subsidiaries can be found on our website.

> Refer to credit-suisse.com/regulatorydisclosures for additional information.

Regulatory developments

> Refer to “Regulatory developments” (pages 124) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Capital management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information.

Location of disclosure

This report provides the Pillar 3 and regulatory disclosures required by the FINMA circular for the Group to the extent that these disclosures are not included in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 or in the regulatory disclosures on our website.

> Refer to “Annual Report” under credit-suisse.com/ar for disclosures included in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021.

2

Location of disclosures
FINMA disclosure requirements	Location	Page number
Overview of risk management, key prudential metrics and risk-weighted assets
Key prudential metrics [Table KM1] / [Table KM2]	Qualitative disclosures: "Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet"	114 - 132
Risk management approach [Table OVA]	"Risk management oversight" "Risk appetite framework" "Risk coverage and management"	141 - 144 144 - 147 147 - 165
Overview of risk-weighted assets [Table OV1]	Qualitative disclosures: "Risk-weighted assets"	128 - 130
Linkages between financial statements and regulatory exposures
Valuation process [Table LIA]	"Fair valuations" "Critical accounting estimates - Fair value" "Note 36 - Financial instruments"	69 105 383 - 409
Composition of capital and TLAC
Differences in basis of consolidation [Table CC2]	List of significant subsidiaries and associated entities: "Note 41 - Significant subsidiaries and equity method investments" Changes in scope of consolidation: "Note 3 - Business developments, significant shareholders and subsequent events"	425 - 428   302 - 304
Main features of regulatory capital instruments and TLAC-eligible instruments [Table CCA]	Refer to "Capital instruments" under credit-suisse.com/regulatorydisclosures 1
Macroprudential supervisor measures
Disclosure of G-SIBs indicators [Table GSIB1]	Refer to "G-SIB Indicators" under credit-suisse.com/regulatorydisclosures 1
Credit risk
General qualitative information [Table CRA]	"Credit risk"	151 - 154
Additional disclosure related to credit quality of assets [Table CRB a), b), c) and d)]	"Note 1 - Summary of significant accounting policies" "Note 20 - Financial instruments measured at amortized cost and credit losses"	296 - 297 315 - 327
Qualitative disclosure requirements related to credit risk mitigation techniques [Table CRC a)]: Netting	"Derivative instruments" "Note 1 - Summary of significant accounting policies" "Note 28 - Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities"	171 - 173 294 - 295 338 - 341
Counterparty credit risk
Qualitative disclosure requirements [Table CCRA]	Transaction rating, credit limits and provisioning: "Credit risk" Effect of a credit rating downgrade: "Credit ratings"	151 - 154 119 - 120
Securitization
Qualitative disclosure requirements [Table SECA]	"Note 35 - Transfers of financial assets and variable interest entities"	373 - 282
Market risk
Qualitative disclosure requirements [Table MRA]	"Market risk" "Note 1 - Summary of significant accounting policies" "Note 33 - Derivatives and hedging activities"	154 - 158 294 - 295 363 - 369
Leverage metrics
Qualitative disclosures [Table LR2]	"Leverage metrics" "Swiss metrics"	131 131 - 132
Liquidity coverage ratio
Liquidity risk management [Table LIQA]	"Liquidity and funding management"	112 - 120
Liquidity Coverage Ratio [Table LIQ1]	Qualitative disclosures: "Liquidity metrics"	115
Liquidity: information on the NSFR [Table LIQ2]	Qualitative disclosures: "Liquidity metrics"	116
Remuneration
Remuneration policy [Table REMA]	"Compensation"	239 - 280
Remuneration awarded during the financial year [table REM1] / Special payments [table REM2] / Deferred remuneration [table REM3]	Senior management: "Executive Board compensation" Other material risk takers: "Group compensation"	246 - 257 258 - 266
Operational risk
Qualitative disclosures [Table ORA]	"Non-financial risk regulatory capital measurement"	160
Corporate Governance
Corporate Governance [Appendix 4]	"Corporate Governance"	183 - 238
Climate-related financial risks
Climate-related financial risks [Appendix 5]	"Climate-related risks"	163 - 164
1 The disclosure will be available by the end of April 2022.

3

Swiss capital requirements

FINMA requires the Group to comply fully with the special requirements for systemically important financial institutions operating internationally. The following tables present the Swiss capital and leverage requirements and metrics as required by FINMA.

> Refer to “Swiss requirements” (pages 122 to 124) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Capital management – Regulatory framework and “Swiss metrics” (pages 131 to 132) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Capital management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on general Swiss requirements and the related metrics.

Swiss capital requirements and metrics
end of 4Q21	CHF million	in % of RWA
Swiss risk-weighted assets
Swiss risk-weighted assets	268,418	–
Risk-based capital requirements (going-concern) based on Swiss capital ratios
Total 1	40,288	15.01
of which CET1: minimum	12,079	4.5
of which CET1: buffer	14,763	5.5
of which CET1: countercyclical buffers	75	0.028
of which additional tier 1: minimum	9,395	3.5
of which additional tier 1: buffer	2,147	0.8
Swiss eligible capital (going-concern)
Swiss CET1 capital and additional tier 1 capital 2	54,372	20.3
of which CET1 capital 3	38,529	14.4
of which additional tier 1 high-trigger capital instruments	11,398	4.2
of which additional tier 1 low-trigger capital instruments 4	4,445	1.7
Risk-based requirements for additional total loss-absorbing capacity (gone-concern) based on Swiss capital ratios
Total according to size and market share 5	38,384	14.3
Reductions due to rebates in accordance with article 133 of the CAO	(8,415)	(3.135)
Reductions due to the holding of additional instruments in the form of convertible capital in accordance with Art. 132 para 4 CAO	(1,198)	(0.446)
Total, net	28,771	10.719
Eligible additional total loss-absorbing capacity (gone-concern)
Total 6	46,648	17.4
of which bail-in instruments 7	44,251	16.5
of which tier 2 low-trigger capital instruments	2,397	0.9
Rounding differences may occur.
1 The total requirement includes the FINMA Pillar 2 capital add-on of CHF 1,829 million relating to the supply chain finance funds matter. This Pillar 2 capital add-on equates to an additional Swiss CET1 capital ratio requirement of 68 basis points.
2 Excludes tier 1 capital that is used to fulfill gone-concern requirements.
3 Excludes CET1 capital that is used to fulfill gone-concern requirements.
4 If issued before July 1, 2016, such capital instruments qualify as additional tier 1 high-trigger capital instruments until their first call date according to the transitional Swiss "Too Big to Fail" rules.
5 Consists of a base requirement of 12.86%, or CHF 34,519 million, and a surcharge of 1.44%, or CHF 3,865 million.
6 Amounts are shown on a look-through basis. Certain tier 2 capital instruments were subject to phase out and are no longer be eligible as of January 1, 2022. As of 4Q21, total eligible gone-concern capital was CHF 46,897 million, including CHF 249 million of such instruments.
7 Includes instruments issued in 1Q21, which are eligible as gone-concern capacity, where the Group used the proceeds of CHF 4,931 million to offset an exposure that Credit Suisse AG has from providing net senior funding to the Group. As of the end of 4Q21, the Group had a net funding liability against Credit Suisse AG of CHF 1,367 million, resulting from existing net senior funding provided by Credit Suisse AG to the Group of CHF 7,443 million, offset by CHF 6,076 million of funding provided by the Group to Credit Suisse AG.

4

Swiss leverage requirements and metrics
end of 4Q21	CHF million	in % of LRD
Leverage exposure
Leverage ratio denominator	889,137	–
Unweighted capital requirements (going-concern) based on Swiss leverage ratio
Total 1	46,286	5.2
of which CET1: minimum	13,337	1.5
of which CET1: buffer	17,783	2.0
of which additional tier 1: minimum	13,337	1.5
Swiss eligible capital (going-concern)
Swiss CET1 capital and additional tier 1 capital 2	54,372	6.1
of which CET1 capital 3	38,529	4.3
of which additional tier 1 high-trigger capital instruments	11,398	1.3
of which additional tier 1 low-trigger capital instruments 4	4,445	0.5
Unweighted requirements for additional total loss-absorbing capacity (gone-concern) based on the Swiss leverage ratio
Total according to size and market share 5	44,457	5.0
Reductions due to rebates in accordance with article 133 of the CAO	(9,781)	(1.1)
Reductions due to the holding of additional instruments in the form of convertible capital in accordance with Art. 132 para 4 CAO	(1,198)	(0.135)
Total, net	33,478	3.765
Eligible additional total loss-absorbing capacity (gone-concern)
Total 6	46,648	5.2
of which bail-in instruments 7	44,251	5.0
of which tier 2 low-trigger capital instruments	2,397	0.3
Rounding differences may occur.
1 The total requirement includes the FINMA Pillar 2 capital add-on of CHF 1,829 million relating to the supply chain finance funds matter. This Pillar 2 capital add-on equates to an additional Swiss CET1 leverage ratio requirement of 21 basis points.
2 Excludes tier 1 capital that is used to fulfill gone-concern requirements.
3 Excludes CET1 capital that is used to fulfill gone-concern requirements.
4 If issued before July 1, 2016, such capital instruments qualify as additional tier 1 high-trigger capital instruments until their first call date according to the transitional Swiss "Too Big to Fail" rules.
5 Consists of a base requirement of 4.5%, or CHF 39,379 million, and a surcharge of 0.5%, or CHF 4,375 million.
6 Amounts are shown on a look-through basis. Certain tier 2 capital instruments were subject to phase out and are no longer be eligible as of January 1, 2022. As of 4Q21, total eligible gone-concern capital was CHF 46,897 million, including CHF 249 million of such instruments.
7 Includes instruments issued in 1Q21, which are eligible as gone-concern capacity, where the Group used the proceeds of CHF 4,931 million to offset an exposure that Credit Suisse AG has from providing net senior funding to the Group. As of the end of 4Q21, the Group had a net funding liability against Credit Suisse AG of CHF 1,367 million, resulting from existing net senior funding provided by Credit Suisse AG to the Group of CHF 7,443 million, offset by CHF 6,076 million of funding provided by the Group to Credit Suisse AG.

5

Overview of risk management

General

Fundamental to our business is the prudent taking of risk in line with our strategic priorities. The primary objectives of risk management are to protect our financial strength and reputation, while ensuring that capital is well deployed to support business activities. Our risk management framework is based on transparency, management accountability and independent oversight. Risk management is an integral part of our business planning process with strong involvement of senior management and the Board of Directors. Risk measurement models are reviewed by the Model Risk Management team, an independent validation function, and regularly presented to and approved by the relevant oversight committee.

> Refer to “Risk management oversight” (pages 141 to 144), “Risk appetite framework” (pages 144 to 147) and “Risk coverage and management” (pages 147 to 165) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Risk management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for information on risk management oversight including risk culture, risk governance, risk organization, risk types, risk appetite, risk limits, stress testing and strategies/processes to manage, hedge and mitigate risks.

Risk reporting

Risk reporting is performed regularly and there are numerous internal control procedures in place, in particular the standard operating procedures, risk and control assessment and independent report review. These ensure the reporting and measurement systems are up to date and are working as intended. They cover: validation and authorization of risk measurement data, status summary reports, data reconciliation, independent checks/validation and error reports to capture any failings. Senior management and the Board of Directors are informed about key risk metrics aligned to our Strategic Risk Objectives in the monthly Group Risk Report.

Key risks

The Group is exposed to several key banking risks such as:

■ Credit risk (refer to section “Credit risk” on pages 12 to 43);

■ Counterparty credit risk (refer to section “Counterparty credit risk” on pages 44 to 53);

■ Securitization risk (refer to section “Securitization risk” on pages 54 to 61);

■ Market risk (refer to section “Market risk” on pages 62 to 66);

■ Interest rate risk in the banking book (refer to section “Interest rate risk in the banking book” on pages 67 to 70); and

■ Operational risk.

> Refer to “Non-financial risk regulatory capital measurement” (page 160) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Risk management – Risk coverage and management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for information on operational risk.

The Basel framework prescribes various approaches for determining capital requirements which banks have to abide by in order maintain regulatory compliance. For the majority of the types of risks, Credit Suisse uses internally developed models for both regulatory and internal purposes, in order to ensure our capital resources are appropriate to our risk profile.

6

Risk-weighted assets

With the adoption of the revised FINMA circular, risk-weighted assets (RWA) presented in this report, including prior period comparisons, are based on the Swiss capital requirements.

> Refer to “Swiss requirements” (pages 122 to 124) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Capital management – Regulatory framework in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on Swiss capital requirements.

The following table presents an overview of total Swiss RWA forming the denominator of the risk-based capital requirements. Further breakdowns of RWA are presented in subsequent sections of this report.

RWA were CHF 268.4 billion as of the end of 4Q21, a 4% decrease compared to the end of 3Q21. The decrease in RWA was mainly related to movements in risk levels, primarily in credit risk, and the foreign exchange impact, primarily in credit risk and operational risk.

RWA flow statements for credit risk, counterparty credit risk (CCR) and market risk are presented in subsequent parts of this report.

> Refer to “Risk-weighted assets” (pages 128 to 130) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Capital management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on risk-weighted assets movements in 2021.

OV1 – Overview of Swiss risk-weighted assets and capital requirements
	Risk-weighted assets			Capital requirement	1
end of	4Q21	3Q21	4Q20	4Q21
CHF million
Credit risk (excluding counterparty credit risk)	126,878	130,486	134,648	10,150
of which standardized approach (SA)	25,591	26,366	26,237	2,047
of which supervisory slotting approach	4,040	3,788	4,246	323
of which advanced internal ratings-based (A-IRB) approach	97,247	100,332	104,165	7,780
Counterparty credit risk	15,640	17,244	22,577	1,251
of which standardized approach for counterparty credit risk (SA-CCR)	3,064	3,630	4,283	245
of which internal model method (IMM)	11,536	12,453	16,589	923
of which other counterparty credit risk 2	1,040	1,161	1,705	83
Credit valuation adjustments (CVA)	5,046	6,033	8,498	404
Equity positions in the banking book under the simple risk weight approach	7,071	7,886	4,427	566
Equity investments in funds - look-through approach	2,431	2,397	2,998	194
Equity investments in funds - mandate-based approach	21	19	71	2
Equity investments in funds - fall-back approach	505	452	506	40
Settlement risk	465	278	249	37
Securitization exposures in the banking book	13,396	14,221	12,962	1,072
of which securitization internal ratings-based approach (SEC-IRBA)	7,736	7,844	7,322	619
of which securitization external ratings-based approach (SEC-ERBA), including internal assessment approach (IAA)	1,429	1,455	1,285	114
of which securitization standardized approach (SEC-SA)	4,231	4,922	4,355	339
Market risk	16,355	17,637	18,317	1,308
of which standardized approach (SA)	1,648	1,747	1,478	132
of which internal models approach (IMA)	14,707	15,890	16,839	1,176
Operational risk (AMA)	67,627	69,115	58,655	5,410
Amounts below the thresholds for deduction (subject to 250% risk weight)	12,983	13,033	11,668	1,039
Total	268,418	278,801	275,576	21,473
1 Calculated as 8% of Swiss risk-weighted assets, based on total capital minimum requirements, excluding capital conservation buffer and G-SIB buffer requirements.
2 Includes RWA for contributions to the default fund of a central counterparty and loans hedged by centrally cleared CDS.

7

Linkages between financial statements and regulatory exposures

This section shows the various sources of differences between the carrying values presented in the Group’s financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the US (US GAAP) and the exposure amounts used for regulatory purposes. The identification, classification and presentation of these sources of differences requires a significant amount of management judgement and is based on the information available at the time. As such, reclassifications have been made compared to the prior year. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of these disclosures are prudent, reasonable and consistently applied.

The following table shows the differences between the scope of accounting consolidation and the scope of regulatory consolidation, broken down by how the amounts reported in the Group’s financial statements correspond to regulatory risk categories. The column about the securitization framework includes securitizations in the banking book, whereas securitizations in the trading book are included in the column about market risk. Foreign exchange risk in the banking book is captured by the Internal Model Approach (IMA) in market risk. Positions with foreign exchange risk in the banking book are not included in the column about market risk. Cash collateral is excluded from market risk. However, the cash leg of securities financing transactions (SFT) in the trading book is included in the column about market risk.

LI1 - Differences between accounting and regulatory scopes of consolidation and mapping of financial statements with regulatory risk categories
	Carrying values		Carrying values of items subject to:
end of 4Q21	Published financial statements	Regulatory scope of consolidation	Credit risk frame- work	Counter- party credit risk frame- work		Securiti- zation frame- work	Market risk frame- work	Not subject to capital require- ments or subject to deduction from capital
Assets (CHF million)
Cash and due from banks	164,818	164,524	163,292	0		0	0	1,232
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	1,323	1,590	1,498	92		0	0	0
Central bank funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions	103,906	103,900	0	103,900		0	81,295	0
Securities received as collateral, at fair value	15,017	15,017	0	15,017		0	15,017	0
Trading assets, at fair value 1	111,141	110,246	9,327	47,737	2	944	110,544	0
Investment securities	1,005	1,005	1,002	0		3	0	0
Other investments	5,826	5,770	3,705	0		289	0	1,776
Net loans	291,686	292,126	259,842	201		30,842	1,473	0
Goodwill	2,917	2,921	0	0		0	0	2,921
Other intangible assets	276	276	0	0		0	0	276
Brokerage receivables	16,687	16,687	2,071	12,941		0	0	1,675
Other assets	41,231	40,701	19,801	8,161		938	3,984	8,107
Total assets	755,833	754,763	460,538	188,049		33,016	212,313	15,987
Liabilities (CHF million)
Due to banks	18,965	19,016	0	0		0	0	19,016
Customer deposits	392,819	392,784	0	0		0	0	392,784
Central bank funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions	35,274	35,274	0	35,274		0	18,307	0
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value	15,017	15,017	0	15,017		0	15,017	0
Trading liabilities, at fair value 1	27,535	27,563	42	10,865		0	44,144	439
Short-term borrowings	19,393	19,473	0	0		0	11,816	7,657
Long-term debt	166,896	165,670	1,487	0		0	41,801	122,382
Brokerage payables	13,060	13,060	0	8,810		0	0	4,250
Other liabilities	22,644	22,606	407	6,053		0	1,388	14,871
Total liabilities	711,603	710,463	1,936	76,019		0	132,473	561,399
There are items in the table which attract capital charges according to more than one risk category framework. As an example, derivatives assets/liabilities held in the regulatory trading book are shown in the column about market risk and in the column about counterparty credit risk.
1 Trading assets/liabilities on the balance sheet reflect the balance after considering netting benefit of cash collateral hence reflect a lower balance than disclosed in the market risk column as cash collateral is not part of the market risk framework.
2 Includes assets pledged as collateral since collateral posted is subject to counterparty credit risk.

8

LI1 - Differences between accounting and regulatory scopes of consolidation and mapping of financial statements with regulatory risk categories (continued)
	Carrying values		Carrying values of items subject to:
end of 4Q20	Published financial statements	Regulatory scope of consolidation	Credit risk frame- work	Counter- party credit risk frame- work		Securiti- zation frame- work	Market risk frame- work	Not subject to capital require- ments or subject to deduction from capital
Assets (CHF million)
Cash and due from banks	139,112	138,641	137,374	0		0	0	1,267
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	1,298	1,737	1,555	182		0	0	0
Central bank funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions   1	92,276	92,276	0	92,276		0	68,629	0
Securities received as collateral, at fair value	50,773	50,773	0	50,773		0	50,666	0
Trading assets, at fair value 2	157,338	151,391	7,528	69,103	3	1,050	158,304	0
Investment securities	607	607	597	0		10	0	0
Other investments	5,412	5,593	2,978	0		335	244	2,036
Net loans	291,908	291,534	262,862	178		27,766	906	0
Goodwill	4,426	4,430	0	0		0	0	4,430
Other intangible assets	237	237	0	0		0	0	237
Brokerage receivables	35,941	35,941	2,074	30,285		0	0	3,582
Other assets	39,637	38,347	18,711	8,160		949	3,921	6,812
Total assets	818,965	811,507	433,679	250,957		30,110	282,670	18,364
Liabilities (CHF million)
Due to banks	16,423	16,765	0	0		0	0	16,765
Customer deposits	390,921	390,765	0	0		0	0	390,765
Central bank funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions   1	36,994	40,948	0	40,948		0	22,980	0
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value	50,773	50,773	0	50,773		0	50,666	0
Trading liabilities, at fair value 2	45,871	45,905	61	17,770		0	70,539	1,193
Short-term borrowings	20,868	16,608	0	0		0	11,876	4,732
Long-term debt	161,087	159,341	0	0		0	51,090	108,251
Brokerage payables	21,653	21,653	0	17,150		0	0	4,503
Other liabilities	31,434	25,746	340	8,376		0	709	16,326
Total liabilities	776,024	768,504	401	135,017		0	207,860	542,535
There are items in the table which attract capital charges according to more than one risk category framework. As an example, derivatives assets/liabilities held in the regulatory trading book are shown in the column about market risk and in the column about counterparty credit risk.
1 Prior period has been revised.
2 Trading assets/liabilities on the balance sheet reflect the balance after considering netting benefit of cash collateral hence reflect a lower balance than disclosed in the market risk column as cash collateral is not part of the market risk framework.
3 Includes assets pledged as collateral since collateral posted is subject to counterparty credit risk.

For financial reporting purposes, our consolidation principles comply with US GAAP. For capital adequacy reporting purposes, however, entities that are not active in banking and finance are not subject to consolidation (i.e. insurance, commercial and certain real estate companies). Also, FINMA does not require consolidating private equity and other fund type vehicles for capital adequacy reporting. Further differences in consolidation principles between US GAAP and capital adequacy reporting relate to special purpose entities (SPEs) that are consolidated under a control-based approach for US GAAP but are assessed under a risk-based approach for capital adequacy reporting. In addition, FINMA requires us to consolidate companies which form an economic unit with Credit Suisse or if Credit Suisse is obliged to provide compulsory financial support to a company. The investments into such entities, which are not material to the Group, are treated in accordance with the regulatory rules and are either subject to a risk-weighted capital requirement or a deduction from regulatory capital.

All significant equity method investments represent investments in the capital of banking, financial and insurance entities and are subject to a threshold calculation in accordance with the Basel framework and the Swiss Capital Adequacy Ordinance (CAO).

> Refer to “Note 41 – Significant subsidiaries and equity method investments” (pages 425 to 428) in VI – Consolidated financial statements – Credit Suisse Group in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for a list of significant subsidiaries and associated entities.

9

In addition to the differences between accounting and regulatory scopes of consolidation as shown in table LI1 there are further main sources of differences between the financial statements’ carrying value amounts and the exposure amounts used for regulatory purposes.

LI2 - Main sources of differences between regulatory exposure amounts and carrying values in financial statements
	Items subject to:
end of	Credit risk frame- work	Counter- party credit risk frame- work	1	Securiti- zation frame- work	Market risk frame- work
4Q21 (CHF million)
Asset carrying value amount under regulatory scope of consolidation	460,538	188,049		33,016	212,313
Liabilities carrying value amount under regulatory scope of consolidation	1,936	76,019		0	132,473
Total net amount under regulatory scope of consolidation	458,602	112,030		33,016	79,840
Off-balance sheet amounts	65,075	0		33,158	0
Differences due to consideration of valuation adjustments and provisions	507	0		64	0
Derivatives: Differences due to application of internal models (IMM) and SA-CCR	0	30,489		0	0
SFT: Differences due to the application of internal models (VaR)	0	(76,949)		0	0
Other differences not classified above	(6,042)	3,649		(3,247)	0
Exposure amounts considered for regulatory purposes	518,142	69,219		62,991	–	2
4Q20 (CHF million)
Asset carrying value amount under regulatory scope of consolidation	433,679	250,957	3	30,110	282,670	3
Liabilities carrying value amount under regulatory scope of consolidation	401	135,017	3	0	207,860	3
Total net amount under regulatory scope of consolidation	433,278	115,940		30,110	74,810	3
Off-balance sheet amounts	65,796	0		29,269	0
Differences due to consideration of valuation adjustments and provisions	556	0		82	0
Derivatives: Differences due to application of internal models (IMM) and SA-CCR	0	34,204		0	0
SFT: Differences due to the application of internal models (VaR)	0	(60,778)		0	0
Other differences not classified above	(2,668)	4,065		(2,717)	0
Exposure amounts considered for regulatory purposes	496,962	93,431		56,744	–	2
The funded portion of the default funds for clearing houses are recorded as a brokerage receivable in accounting. For these positions there is no exposure amount considered for regulatory purposes.
1 Counterparty credit risk includes client cleared exposures, whereas such agency exposures are not reported in the financial statements. Additionally, the column counterparty credit risk and the column market risk take into account the impact of collateral pledges received in SFTs.
2 The concept of “exposure amounts considered for regulatory purposes” is not applicable for market risk as for example for the VaR model.
3 Prior period has been revised.

> Refer to “Comparison of the standardized and internal model approaches” (pages 19 to 23) in Credit risk – Credit risk under the standardized approach for further information on the origins of differences between carrying values and amounts considered for regulatory purposes shown in the table above.

10

Valuation process

The Basel capital adequacy framework and the Swiss regulation provide guidance for systems and controls, valuation methodologies and valuation adjustments and reserves to provide prudent and reliable valuation estimates.

Financial instruments in the trading book are carried at fair value. The fair value of the majority of these financial instruments is marked to market based on quoted prices in active markets or observable inputs. Additionally, the Group holds financial instruments which are marked to models where the determination of fair values requires subjective assessment and varying degrees of judgment depending on liquidity, pricing assumptions, the current economic and competitive environment and the risks affecting the specific instrument.

Control processes are applied to ensure that the reported fair values of the financial instruments, including those derived from pricing models, are appropriate and determined on a reasonable basis. These control processes include approval of new instruments, timely review of profit and loss, risk monitoring, price verification procedures and validation of models used to estimate the fair value. These functions are managed by senior management and personnel with relevant expertise, independent of the trading and investment functions.

In particular, the price verification function is performed by Product Control, independent from the trading and investment functions, reporting directly to the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), a member of the Executive Board.

The valuation process is governed by separate policies and procedures. To arrive at fair values, the following type of valuation adjustments are typically considered and regularly assessed for appropriateness: model, parameter, credit and exit-risk-related adjustments.

Management believes it complies with the relevant valuation guidance and that the estimates and assumptions used in valuation of financial instruments are prudent, reasonable and consistently applied.

> Refer to “Fair valuations” (page 69) in II – Operating and financial review – Credit Suisse – Other information, to “Fair value” (page 105) in II – Operating and financial review – Critical accounting estimates and to “Note 36 – Financial instruments” (pages 383 to 409) in VI – Consolidated financial statements – Credit Suisse Group in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on fair value measurement.

11

Credit risk

General

This section covers credit risk as defined by the Basel framework. CCR, including those that are in the banking book for regulatory purposes, and all positions subject to the securitization framework are presented in separate sections.

> Refer to “Counterparty credit risk” (pages 44 to 53) for further information on the capital requirements relating to counterparty credit risk.

> Refer to “Securitization” (pages 54 to 61) for further information on the securitization framework.

The Basel framework permits banks to choose between two broad methodologies in calculating their capital requirements for credit risk: the standardized approach (SA) or the internal ratings-based (IRB) approach. Off-balance-sheet items are converted into credit exposure equivalents through the use of credit conversion factors (CCF).

The reported credit risk arises from the execution of the Group’s business strategy through the divisions and is predominantly driven by cash and balances with central banks, loans and commitments provided to corporate and institutional clients, loans to private clients including residential mortgages and lending against financial collateral.

Risk management objectives and policies for credit risk

> Refer to “Credit risk” (pages 151 to 154) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Risk management – Risk coverage and management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for information on risk management objectives and policies for credit risk, including our credit risk profile, the setting of credit risk limits, the structure and organization of credit risk management.

Credit risk reporting

Credit risk is subject to daily monitoring and reporting, and is governed by internal policies & procedures and a framework of limits and controls. The Group’s credit risk exposure is subject to formal monthly reporting through the Group Risk Report which provides summary information in relation to the credit risk portfolio composition, rating profile, and the largest single name loans and commitments. The Group Risk Report also provides qualitative commentary on key credit risk matters and developments, and is discussed at Board of Directors Risk Committee and distributed to the Board of Directors and Executive Board members.

Credit quality of assets

The amounts shown in the following tables are the US GAAP carrying values according to the regulatory scope of consolidation that are subject to the credit risk framework.

The following tables present a breakdown of exposures by geographical areas, industry and residual maturity.

CRB - Geographic concentration of gross credit exposures
end of	Switzerland	Americas	Asia Pacific	EMEA	Total
4Q21 (CHF million)
Loans and debt securities	222,872	69,927	39,977	122,844	455,620
Off-balance sheet exposures 1	18,444	41,595	5,696	27,913	93,648
Total	241,316	111,522	45,673	150,757	549,268
4Q20 (CHF million)
Loans and debt securities	225,614	55,529	39,504	107,178	427,825
Off-balance sheet exposures 1	16,154	45,995	5,005	28,534	95,688
Total	241,768	101,524	44,509	135,712	523,513
The geographic distribution is based on the domicile of the counterparty, shown pre-substitution.
1 Revocable loan commitments, which are excluded from the disclosed exposures, can attract risk-weighted assets.

12

CRB - Industry concentration of gross credit exposures
end of	Financial institutions	1	Commercial	Consumer	Public authorities	Total
4Q21 (CHF million)
Loans and debt securities	228,794		79,468	142,656	4,702	455,620
Off-balance sheet exposures 2	32,794		57,391	1,701	1,762	93,648
Total	261,588		136,859	144,357	6,464	549,268
4Q20 (CHF million)
Loans and debt securities	200,311		84,318	138,984	4,212	427,825
Off-balance sheet exposures 2	27,839		65,921	843	1,085	95,688
Total	228,150		150,239	139,827	5,297	523,513
Exposures are shown pre-substitution.
1 Includes exposures to central banks of CHF 155.0 billion and CHF 125.2 billion as of the end of 4Q21 and 4Q20, respectively.
2 Revocable loan commitments, which are excluded from the disclosed exposures, can attract risk-weighted assets.

CRB - Remaining contractual maturity of gross credit exposures
end of	within 1 year	1	within 1-5 years	Thereafter	Total
4Q21 (CHF million)
Loans and debt securities	221,907		174,971	58,742	455,620
Off-balance sheet exposures 2	36,388		48,791	8,469	93,648
Total	258,295		223,762	67,211	549,268
4Q20 (CHF million)
Loans and debt securities	188,838		179,972	59,015	427,825
Off-balance sheet exposures 2	33,267		55,057	7,364	95,688
Total	222,105		235,029	66,379	523,513
1 Includes positions without agreed residual contractual maturity.
2 Revocable loan commitments, which are excluded from the disclosed exposures, can attract risk-weighted assets.

13

The following tables show the amounts of impaired exposures and related allowances and write-offs, broken down by geographical areas and industry.

CRB - Geographic concentration of allowances, impaired loans and write-offs
end of	Allowances individually evaluated	Allowances collectively evaluated	Total allowances	Impaired loans with specific allowances	Impaired loans without specific allowances	Total impaired loans	Gross write- offs
4Q21 (CHF million)
Switzerland	472	319	791	1,090	300	1,390	252
EMEA	31	52	83	339	129	468	22
Americas	4,218	108	4,326	268	19	287	25
Asia Pacific	216	32	248	624	0	624	0
Total	4,937	511	5,448	2,321	448	2,769	299
4Q20 (CHF million)
Switzerland	572	402	974	1,251	316	1,567	184
EMEA	46	63	109	320	173	493	13
Americas	101	167	268	465	0	465	94
Asia Pacific	147	40	187	675	0	675	39
Total	866	672	1,538	2,711	489	3,200	330

CRB - Industry concentration of allowances, impaired loans and write-offs
end of	Allowances individually evaluated	Allowances collectively evaluated	Total allowances	Impaired loans with specific allowances	Impaired loans without specific allowances	Total impaired loans	Gross write- offs
4Q21 (CHF million)
Financial institutions	4,187	65	4,252	42	44	86	0
Commercial	473	360	833	1,396	193	1,589	242
Consumer	273	84	357	873	202	1,075	57
Public authorities	4	2	6	10	9	19	0
Total	4,937	511	5,448	2,321	448	2,769	299
4Q20 (CHF million)
Financial institutions	36	70	106	91	24	115	0
Commercial	600	509	1,109	1,841	326	2,167	238
Consumer	230	90	320	779	129	908	92
Public authorities	0	3	3	0	10	10	0
Total	866	672	1,538	2,711	489	3,200	330

14

The following table presents a comprehensive picture of the credit quality of the Group’s on and off-balance sheet assets.

CR1 – Credit quality of assets
					of which CECL-related provisions on SA exposures
end of	Defaulted exposures	Non- defaulted exposures	Gross exposures	Allowances/ impairments	Regulatory category – specific	Regulatory category – general	of which CECL- related provisions on IRB exposures	Net exposures
4Q21 (CHF million)
Loans 1	7,965	437,722	445,687	(5,334)	(45)	0	(468)	440,353
Debt securities	17	9,916	9,933	0	0	0	0	9,933
Off-balance sheet exposures 2	391	93,257	93,648	(211)	(13)	0	(189)	93,437
Total	8,373	540,895	549,268	(5,545)	(58)	0	(657)	543,723
2Q21 (CHF million)
Loans 1	8,408	429,911	438,319	(5,684)	(31)	0	(422)	432,635
Debt securities	22	8,824	8,846	0	0	0	0	8,846
Off-balance sheet exposures 2	389	101,840	102,229	(212)	(12)	0	(188)	102,017
Total	8,819	540,575	549,394	(5,896)	(43)	0	(610)	543,498
1 Loans include all on-balance sheet exposures that give rise to a credit risk charge and are not limited to exposures that are recognized as net loans under US GAAP. Loans exclude debt securities, derivatives, securities financing transactions and off-balance sheet exposures.
2 Revocable loan commitments, which are excluded from the disclosed exposures, can attract risk-weighted assets.

The definitions of “past due” and “impaired” are aligned between accounting and regulatory purposes. However, there are some exemptions for impaired positions related to troubled debt restructurings where the default definition is different for accounting and regulatory purposes.

> Refer to “Note 1 – Summary of significant accounting policies – Loans” (pages 296 to 297) and “Note 20 – Financial instruments measured at amortized cost and credit losses” (pages 315 to 327) in VI – Consolidated financial statements – Credit Suisse Group in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on the CECL model under US GAAP, the classification of CECL-related provisions and the credit quality of loans, including past due and impaired loans.

The following table presents the changes in the Group’s defaulted loans, debt securities and off-balance sheet exposures, the flows between non-defaulted and defaulted exposure categories and reductions in the defaulted exposures due to write-offs.

CR2 – Changes in defaulted exposures
	2H21
CHF million
Defaulted exposures at beginning of period	8,819
Exposures that have defaulted since the last reporting period	523
Returned to non-defaulted status	(204)
Amounts written-off	(159)
Other changes	(606)
Defaulted exposures at end of period	8,373

15

The following table shows the aging analysis of accounting past-due exposures.

CRB - Aging analysis of accounting past-due exposures
	Current	Past due
end of		Up to 30 days	31–60 days	61–90 days	More than 90 days	Total	Total
4Q21 (CHF million)
Financial institutions	20,815	61	7	1	41	110	20,925
Commercial	93,009	167	18	12	797	994	94,003
Consumer	165,734	350	148	107	713	1,318	167,052
Public authorities	1,253	16	0	0	19	35	1,288
Gross loans held at amortized cost	280,811	594	173	120	1,570	2,457	283,268
Gross loans held at fair value							10,243
Gross loans							293,511
4Q20 (CHF million)
Financial institutions	14,315	42	15	72	46	175	14,490
Commercial	97,161	684	57	148	759	1,648	98,809
Consumer	167,035	275	141	82	635	1,133	168,168
Public authorities	969	37	4	0	0	41	1,010
Gross loans held at amortized cost	279,480	1,038	217	302	1,440	2,997	282,477
Gross loans held at fair value							11,409
Gross loans							293,886

Troubled debt restructurings, also referred to as restructured loans, are considered impaired credit exposures in line with the Group’s policies and subject to individual assessment and provisioning for expected credit losses by the Group’s recovery functions. Restructured loans that defaulted again within 12 months from the last restructuring remain impaired or are impaired if they were considered non-impaired at the time of the subsequent default. As of December 31, 2021, CHF 465 million were reported as restructured loans.

> Refer to “Note 20 – Financial instruments measured at amortized cost and credit losses” (pages 326 to 327) in VI – Consolidated financial statements – Credit Suisse Group in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on restructured exposure.

Credit risk mitigation

Credit Suisse actively mitigates credit exposure through the use of legal netting agreements, security over supporting financial and non-financial collateral or financial guarantees and through the use of credit hedging techniques, primarily credit default swaps (CDS). The recognition of credit risk mitigation (CRM) against exposures is governed by a robust set of policies and processes that ensure enforceability and effectiveness.

Netting

> Refer to “Derivative instruments” (pages 171 to 173) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Risk management – Risk portfolio analysis and to “Note 1 – Summary of significant accounting policies – Derivatives” (pages 294 to 295) in VI – Consolidated financial statements – Credit Suisse Group in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for information on policies and procedures for on- and off-balance sheet netting.

> Refer to “Note 28 – Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities” (pages 338 to 341) in VI – Consolidated financial statements – Credit Suisse Group in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on the offsetting of derivatives, reverse repurchase and repurchase agreements, and securities lending and borrowing transactions.

Collateral valuation and management

The policies and processes for collateral valuation and management are driven by:

■ a legal document framework that is bilaterally agreed with our clients;

■ a collateral management risk framework enforcing transparency through self-assessment and management reporting; and

■ any prevailing regulatory terms which must be complied with.

For exposures collateralized by financial collateral (e.g. marketable securities), collateral valuations are performed on a daily basis and any requirement for additional collateral (e.g. frequency and process for margin calls) is governed by the legal documentation. The market prices used for daily collateral valuation are a combination of internal pricing sources, as well as market prices sourced from trading platforms and external service providers where appropriate.

For exposures collateralized by non-financial collateral (e.g. real estate, ships, aircraft), valuations are performed at the time of credit approval and periodically thereafter depending on the type of collateral and the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio in accordance with documented internal policies and controls. Valuations are based on a combination of internal and external reference price sources.

16

Primary types of collateral

The primary types of collateral are described below.

Collateral securing foreign exchange transactions and over-the-counter (OTC) trading activities primarily includes:

■ Cash and US Treasury instruments;

■ G-10 government securities; and

■ Other assets that are eligible as per the uncleared margin rules (including supranationals and equities).

Collateral securing loan transactions primarily includes:

■ Financial collateral pledged against loans collateralized by securities of clients of the private, corporate and institutional banking businesses (primarily cash, marketable securities and unlisted securities);

■ Real estate property for mortgages, mainly residential, but also multi-family buildings, offices and commercial properties; and

■ Other types of lending collateral, such as accounts receivable, inventory, plant and equipment.

Concentrations within risk mitigation

Credit Suisse, primarily through its Investment Bank division, is an active participant in the credit derivatives market and trades with a variety of market participants, principally commercial and investment banks. Credit derivatives are primarily used to mitigate investment grade credit exposures. Where required or practicable, these trades are cleared through central counterparties (CCP), reducing the potential risk against individual CRM providers.

As a result of a strong domestic franchise, Credit Suisse has a significant volume of residential mortgage lending in Switzerland and a resultant concentration of residential real estate collateral. Credit Suisse has clear underwriting standards with regard to mortgage lending and ensures that the composition of the real estate portfolio is subject to ongoing monitoring, periodic revaluation, and assessment of the geographical and borrower composition of the portfolio.

Credit Suisse provides loan facilities to private clients against financial collateral such as cash and marketable securities (e.g. equities, bonds, or funds). The financial collateral portfolio within risk mitigation is generally diversified and the portfolio is subject to ongoing monitoring and reporting to identify any concentrations, which may result in lower LTV ratios or other mitigating actions.

> Refer to “Credit risk” (pages 166 to 176) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Risk management – Risk portfolio analysis in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on credit derivatives, including a breakdown by rating class.

CRM techniques – overview

The following table presents the use of CRM techniques. Credit Suisse recognizes the CRM effect of eligible collateral either as a reduction from the exposure at default (EAD) value of the secured instrument or as an adjustment to the probability of default (PD) or loss given default (LGD) associated with the exposure. All exposures that are secured through eligible collateral are disclosed as “Net exposures partially or fully secured”. Eligible collateral amounts, regardless of which CRM technique has been applied, are disclosed as “Exposures secured by collateral”. Exposures secured by credit derivatives do not include certain immaterial positions, where the credit derivative is recognized with an adjustment to the LGD.

CR3 – CRM techniques
	Net exposures			Exposures secured by
end of	Unsecured	Partially or fully secured	Total	Collateral	Financial guarantees	Credit derivatives
4Q21 (CHF million)
Loans 1	208,561	231,792	440,353	193,549	6,970	0
Debt securities	9,622	311	9,933	274	0	0
Total	218,183	232,103	450,286	193,823	6,970	0
of which defaulted	1,612	1,550	3,162	1,355	143	0
2Q21 (CHF million)
Loans 1	194,165	238,470	432,635	197,437	7,364	6
Debt securities	8,477	369	8,846	272	46	0
Total	202,642	238,839	441,481	197,709	7,410	6
of which defaulted	1,379	1,820	3,199	1,605	119	0
1 Loans include all on-balance sheet exposures that give rise to a credit risk charge and are not limited to exposures that are recognized as net loans under US GAAP. Loans exclude debt securities, derivatives, securities financing transactions and off-balance sheet exposures.

17

Credit risk under the standardized approach

General

Under the standardized approach, risk weights are determined according to credit ratings provided by recognized external credit assessment institutions (ECAI) or by using the applicable regulatory risk weights for unrated exposures. Credit Suisse is using credit ratings provided by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch Ratings for calculating risk-weighted assets associated with exposures classified as sovereigns, banks and securities dealer, other institutions and corporates. Only issuer rating are applied to calculate risk-weighted assets.

Credit risk exposure and CRM effects

The following table presents the effect of CRM (comprehensive and simple approach) on the standardized approach capital requirements’ calculations. RWA density provides a synthetic metric on the riskiness of each portfolio.

CR4 – Credit risk exposure and CRM effects
	Exposures pre-CCF and CRM			Exposures post-CCF and CRM
end of	On-balance sheet	Off-balance sheet	Total	On-balance sheet	Off-balance sheet	Total	RWA	RWA density
4Q21 (CHF million)
Sovereigns	90,453	238	90,691	89,959	82	90,041	190	0%
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer	3,002	761	3,763	2,741	382	3,123	1,108	35%
Institutions - Other institutions	497	2,020	2,517	497	221	718	498	69%
Corporates	7,742	9,579	17,321	7,053	2,519	9,572	8,465	88%
Retail	2,758	1,381	4,139	2,494	363	2,857	2,413	84%
Other exposures	13,996	1,109	15,105	13,740	1,086	14,826	12,917	87%
of which non-counterparty related assets	7,317	0	7,317	7,317	0	7,317	7,317	100%
Total	118,448	15,088	133,536	116,484	4,653	121,137	25,591	21%
2Q21 (CHF million)
Sovereigns	81,589	155	81,744	82,294	86	82,380	87	0%
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer	2,801	754	3,555	2,801	357	3,158	943	30%
Institutions - Other institutions	1,290	2,091	3,381	585	239	824	561	68%
Corporates	8,661	11,221	19,882	7,757	2,801	10,558	9,181	87%
Retail	2,376	1,285	3,661	2,107	339	2,446	2,091	85%
Other exposures	15,371	1,111	16,482	15,119	1,086	16,205	14,142	87%
of which non-counterparty related assets	7,337	0	7,337	7,337	0	7,337	7,337	100%
Total	112,088	16,617	128,705	110,663	4,908	115,571	27,005	23%

Exposures by asset class and risk weight

The following table presents the breakdown of credit exposures by asset class and risk weight, which corresponds to the riskiness attributed to the exposure according to the standardized approach.

18

CR5 – Exposures by asset class and risk weight
	Risk weight
end of	0%	20%	35%	50%	75%	100%	150%	Others	Exposures post-CCF and CRM
4Q21 (CHF million)
Sovereigns	89,801	51	0	19	0	170	0	0	90,041
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer	0	2,071	0	719	0	328	5	0	3,123
Institutions - Other institutions	0	0	0	440	0	278	0	0	718
Corporates	0	966	27	1,050	1	7,110	418	0	9,572
Retail	0	0	115	0	1,694	940	108	0	2,857
Other exposures	2,013	0	0	0	0	12,804	0	9	14,826
of which non-counterparty related assets	0	0	0	0	0	7,317	0	0	7,317
Total	91,814	3,088	142	2,228	1,695	21,630	531	9	121,137
of which secured by real estate	0	0	142	0	3	270	0	0	415
of which past due	0	0	0	0	0	384	99	0	483
2Q21 (CHF million)
Sovereigns	82,238	55	0	22	0	65	0	0	82,380
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer	0	2,322	0	718	0	113	5	0	3,158
Institutions - Other institutions	0	0	0	525	0	299	0	0	824
Corporates	0	1,306	26	997	1	7,864	364	0	10,558
Retail	0	0	148	0	1,107	1,154	37	0	2,446
Other exposures	2,165	0	0	0	0	14,031	0	9	16,205
of which non-counterparty related assets	0	0	0	0	0	7,337	0	0	7,337
Total	84,403	3,683	174	2,262	1,108	23,526	406	9	115,571
of which secured by real estate	0	0	174	0	3	662	0	0	839
of which past due	0	0	0	0	0	502	92	0	594

Comparison of the standardized and internal model approaches

Background

We have regulatory approval to use a number of internal models for calculating our Pillar 1 capital charge for credit risk (default risk). These include the advanced-internal ratings-based (A-IRB) approach for risk weights, Internal Models Method (IMM) for derivatives credit exposure, and repo VaR for SFTs. These modelled based approaches are used for the majority of credit risk exposures, with the standardized approaches used for only a relatively small proportion of credit exposures.

Regulators and investors are interested in the differences between capital requirements under modelled and standardized approaches. This is due, in part, to ongoing and future regulatory changes by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), such as the new standardized approaches for counterparty credit risk (SA-CCR) and credit risk as well as the future restrictions on the use of internal models for certain portfolios. As such, FINMA requires us to disclose information on differences between credit risk RWA computed under internal modelled approaches, and current standardized approaches. FINMA also requires us to disclose the differences between the EAD based on internal modelled approaches and the EAD used in the leverage ratio.

Key methodological differences

The differences between credit risk RWA calculated under the internal modelled approaches and the standardized approaches are driven by the risk weights applied to counterparties and the calculations used for measuring EAD.

Risk weights: Under the A-IRB approach, the maturity of a transaction, and internal estimates of the PD and downturn LGD are used as inputs to the Basel risk-weight formula for calculating RWA. In the standardized approach, risk weights are less granular and are driven by ratings provided by ECAI.

EAD calculations: Under the IMM and repo VaR methods, counterparty exposure is computed using monte-carlo simulation models or VaR models. These models allow for the recognition of netting impacts at exposure and collateral levels for each counterparty portfolio. The standardized approach is based on market values at the balance sheet date plus conservative add-ons to account for potential market movements. This approach gives very limited recognition to netting benefits and portfolio effects.

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The following table provides a summary of the key conceptual differences between the internal models approach and the current standardized approach.

Key differences between the standardized approach and the internal model approach
	Standardized approach	Internal model approach	Key impact
EAD for derivatives	SA-CCR is calculated as the replacement costs plus regulatory add-ons that take into account potential future market moves at predetermined fixed rates.	Internal Models Method (IMM) allows Monte-Carlo simulation to estimate exposure.	For large diversified derivatives portfolios, standardized EAD is higher than model EAD.
	Differentiates add-ons by five exposure types and three maturity buckets only.	Application of multiplier on IMM exposure estimate.
	Limited ability to net.	Variability in holding period applied to collateralized transactions, reflecting liquidity risks.
Risk weighting	Reliance on ECAIs: where no rating is available a 100% risk weight is applied (i.e. for most small and medium-size enterprises and funds).	Reliance on internal ratings where each counterparty/transaction receives a rating.	Model approach produces lower RWA for high-quality short-term transactions.
	Crude risk weight differentiation with 4 key weights: 20%, 50%, 100%, 150% (and 0% for AAA sovereigns; 35%, 75% or 100% for mortgages; 75% or 100% for retail).	Granular risk sensitive risk weights differentiation via individual PDs and LGDs.	Standardized approach produces lower RWA for non-investment grade and long-term transactions.
	No differentiation for transaction features.	LGD captures transaction quality features incl. collateralization.	Impact relevant across all asset classes.
		Application of a 1.06 scaling factor.
Risk mitigation	Limited recognition of risk mitigation.	Risk mitigation recognized via risk sensitive LGD or EAD.	Standardized approach RWA higher than model approach RWA for most collaterals.
	Restricted list of eligible collateral.	Wider variety of collateral types eligible.	Impact particularly relevant for lombard lending and SFTs.
	Conservative and crude regulatory haircuts.	Repo VaR allows use of VaR models to estimate exposure and collateral for SFTs. Approach permits full diversification and netting across all collateral types.
Maturity in risk weight	No differentiation for maturity of transactions, except for interbank exposures in a coarse manner.	No internal modelling of maturity.	Model approach produces lower RWA for high-quality short-term transactions.
		Regulatory RWA function considers maturity: the longer the maturity the higher the risk weight (see chart "Risk weight by maturity").

The following chart shows standardized risk weights, and model based (A-IRB) risk weights for loans of varying maturity. The graphs are plotted for a AA-rated corporate senior unsecured loan with a LGD of 45% (consistent with Foundation-IRB, F-IRB), and a AA-rated corporate senior secured loan with a LGD of 36%. The graphs show that standardized risk weights are not sensitive to maturity, whereas A-IRB risk weights are sensitive to maturity. In particular, under A-IRB, lower maturity loans receive lower risk weights reflecting an increased likelihood of repayment for loans with a shorter maturity.

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Key methodological differences between internally modelled EAD and EAD used in leverage ratio

The exposure measure used in the leverage ratio also differs from the exposure measure used in the internal modelled approach. The main methodological difference is that leverage ratio exposure estimates do not take into account physical or financial collateral, guarantees or other CRM techniques to reduce the credit risk. Leverage ratio exposures also do not fully reflect netting and portfolio diversification. As a result, leverage ratio exposures are typically larger than model based exposures.

The following table shows the internal model-based EAD, along with average risk weight, compared to an estimate of the exposure measure used in the leverage ratio calculation. Estimates are provided at Basel asset class level. As expected, leverage exposure measures exceed internal model-based EAD for banks and corporates where the impacts of netting, diversification and CRM are large.

Leverage exposure estimate
	Internal model approach
	EAD	Risk weight	Leverage exposures	1
Basel asset class (CHF billion, except where indicated)
Corporates	144	50%	274
Banks	27	25%	55
Sovereigns	72	2%	69
Retail	200	16%	200
1 The leverage exposure estimates only consider those exposures which are comparable to the credit risk RWA calculation under internal model approach and hence excludes exposures such as trading book, securitization and non-credit exposures. Asset class leverage ratio based exposures are approximate and provided on a best efforts basis.

It should be noted that credit risk capital requirements based on the internal model based approach are not directly comparable to capital requirements under the leverage ratio. The reason for this is that the 3% leverage ratio capital requirement can be met with total tier 1 capital, including capital for market risk and operational risk.

Risk-weighted assets under the standardized and internal model approaches

Credit risk RWA computed under the standardized approach are higher than those based on the internal models for which we have received regulatory approval. Higher risk-weights under the standardized approach rules are a material driver of the higher RWA for all Basel asset classes. The standardized exposure calculations also lead to some higher RWA, with the corporate and bank asset classes being most significantly affected.

Corporate asset class

The table “Leverage exposure estimate” shows that the EAD for corporates computed under the internal model approach is CHF 144 billion. The EAD for corporates under the standardized approach is significantly higher. This difference is driven mainly by the standardized exposure calculations for OTC derivatives and secured financing transactions. For these products, exposures calculated under the standardized approach are higher than the model based exposures because the standardized approach does not fully recognize the benefits of netting, portfolio diversification and collateral. The exposure calculated under the leverage ratio is higher than the EAD computed using internal models. This is because CRM, netting and portfolio diversification are not reflected in the leverage ratio exposure calculation.

Another significant driver of the increase in credit risk RWA under the standardized approach is higher risk weights. The exposure weighted-average risk weight under the internal model approach is 50%. This is significantly lower than the risk weights assigned to corporates under the standardized approach.

The following graph shows the risk weights assigned to counterparties under the A-IRB approach and the standardized approach. For the IRB risk weight curve, an LGD value of 45% and a maturity adjustment of 2.5 years are chosen, as these are the Basel Foundation IRB parameters. For counterparties in the AAA to BB+ range (based on external ratings), higher risk weights (20%, 50% and 100%) are assigned under the standardized approach than under the A-IRB approach. For the corporate asset class, approximately three-quarters of the Group’s exposures are in this range (based on internal ratings), and this is a key driver for the higher RWA under the standardized approach. The different treatments of loan maturity in the model based approach and standardized approach are not a material cause of RWA differences.

The Group’s exposure weighted-average maturity of its corporate portfolio is lower than the foundation IRB value of 2.5 years, and lower maturities would result in a lower model-based risk weight curve than shown in the graph. In addition, the PD for each rating shown in the graph are consistent with the Group’s PD masterscale.

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An additional driver of higher risk weights within the corporate asset class are counterparties without an external rating. Under the standardized approach, counterparties without an external rating receive a fixed risk weight of 100%. This applies to a large proportion of the Group’s exposures, among them non-banking financial institutions and specialized lending.

> Refer to “CR6 – Credit exposures by portfolio and PD range” (pages 28 to 35) for further information on EAD and risk weights for each credit rating for the corporate asset class.

Bank asset class

The table “Leverage exposure estimate” shows that the EAD for banks under the internal model approach is CHF 27 billion. The EAD for banks calculated under the standardized approach is significantly higher. This is driven predominantly by the exposure calculations for both OTC derivatives and secured financing transactions and, to a lesser extent, the exposure calculations for listed and centrally cleared derivatives. For these products, exposures calculated under the standardized approach are much higher than the model based exposures because the standardized approach does not fully recognize the benefits of netting, portfolio diversification and collateral. The exposures calculated under the leverage ratio are significantly higher than the EAD computed using internal models. This is because CRM, netting and portfolio diversification are not reflected in the leverage ratio exposure calculation.

In addition, there is a significant increase in credit risk RWA under the standardized approach due to higher credit risk-weights. The exposure weighted-average risk-weight under the internal model approach is 25%. This is significantly lower than the risk weights assigned to banks under the standardized approach where a significant amount of the Group’s exposures would attract a risk weight of 50%.

The following graph shows the risk weights assigned to counterparties under the A-IRB approach and the standardized approach. For the IRB risk weight curve, an LGD value of 45% and a maturity adjustment of 2.5 years are chosen, as these are the Basel Foundation IRB parameters. The graph shows that counterparties in the AAA to BBB+ range (based on external ratings) attract higher risk weights (20% and 50%) under the standardized approach than under the A-IRB approach. In excess of three-quarters of the Group’s exposures fall in this range (based on internal ratings) and this leads to higher RWA under the standardized approach for these counterparties. The different treatments of loan maturity in the model based approach and standardized approach are not a material cause of RWA differences.

> Refer to “CR6 – Credit exposures by portfolio and PD range” (pages 28 to 35) for further information on EAD and risk weights for each credit rating for the bank asset class.

The Group’s exposure weighted-average maturity of its bank portfolio is lower than the foundation IRB value of 2.5 years, and lower maturities would result in a lower model based risk weight curve than shown in the graph. In addition, the PD for each rating shown in the graph are consistent with the Group’s PD masterscale.

Sovereign asset class

The table “Leverage exposure estimate” shows that the EAD for sovereigns under the internal model approach is CHF 72 billion. This is comparable to the EAD calculated under the standardized approach and the leverage ratio exposure. This is because the majority of the sovereign exposure is in the form of uncollateralized loans, i.e. there are no material differences in the exposure calculation.

The impact of employing standardized credit risk weights to the sovereign portfolio is an overall increase in credit risk RWA. The exposure weighted-average risk weight under the internal model approach is less than 3%. This is lower than the risk weights assigned to counterparties under the standardized approach.

The following graph shows the risk weights assigned to counterparties under the A-IRB approach and the standardized approach. For the IRB risk weight curve, an LGD value of 45% and a maturity adjustment of 2.5 years are chosen, as these are the Basel Foundation IRB parameters. The graph shows that counterparties in the AAA to A range (based on external ratings) would attract lower risk weights (0% and 20%) under the standardized approach than under the A-IRB approach. The majority of the Group’s exposures have extremely low risk-weights under the A-IRB approach and would attract risk weights of 0% under the standardized approach. The remaining exposures would receive higher risk weights under the standardized approach (20%, 50% or 100%) than under the A-IRB approach. Overall, this would lead to higher RWA under the standardized approach. The different treatments of loan maturity in the model based approach and standardized approach are not a material cause of RWA differences.

> Refer to “CR6 – Credit exposures by portfolio and PD range” (pages 28 to 35) for further information on EAD and risk weights for each credit rating for the sovereign asset class.

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The Group’s exposure weighted-average maturity of its sovereign portfolio is lower than the foundation IRB value of 2.5 years, and lower maturities would result in a lower model-based risk weight curve than shown in the following graph. In addition, the PD for each rating shown in the graph are consistent with the Group’s PD masterscale.

Retail asset class

The EAD of the retail asset class under the internal model approach is CHF 200 billion, which is comparable to the EAD calculated under the standardized approach and the leverage ratio. This is because the majority of retail exposure is on-balance sheet exposure.

The application of the standardized approach would lead to higher credit risk RWA. The exposure weighted-average risk weight is 16% using internal model approach. This is lower than the risk weights assigned to counterparties under the standardized approach. The maturity of the loan has no impact on the modelled risk weights in the retail asset class.

The retail portfolio consists mainly of residential mortgage loans, lombard lending and other retail exposures, and further analysis for each of these portfolios is provided below:

Residential mortgages: Under the standardized approach, fixed risk weights are applied depending on the LTV, i.e. risk weight of 100% for LTV > 80%, risk weight of 75% for 80% > LTV > 67% and risk weight of 35% for LTV < 67%. The internal model-based approach however takes into account borrowers’ ability to service debt more accurately, including mortgage affordability and calibration to large amounts of historic data. The Group’s residential mortgage portfolio is focused on the Swiss market and the Group has robust review processes over borrowers’ ability to repay. This results in the Group’s residential mortgage portfolio having a low average LTV and results in an average risk weight of 17% under the A-IRB approach.

Lombard lending: For lombard lending, the average risk weight using internal models is 12%. RWA under the standardized approach would be higher for these exposures.

Other retail exposures: Other retail exposures are risk-weighted at 75% or 100% under the standardized approach. This yields higher RWA compared to the A-IRB approach where the average risk-weight is 35%.

Conclusion

Overall, the Group’s credit risk RWA would be significantly higher under the standardized approach than under the internal model based approach. For most Basel asset classes, this is due to standardized risk weights being much higher than the IRB risk weights for high quality investment grade lending, which is where the majority of the Group’s exposures are. For certain asset classes, standardized exposure calculations also lead to significantly higher RWA. This is where the standardized exposure methods give limited recognition to economic offsetting and diversification for derivatives and SFTs at a portfolio level.

The credit risk RWA under the standardized approaches described above is not reflective of the capital charges under the new standardized approach for credit risk on which the BCBS published new rules in December 2017. This new standardized approach for credit risk is more risk sensitive and employs a different approach for incorporating external ratings. This regulatory change could potentially lead to very different results to the ones described above.

The credit risk RWA computed under the internal model-based approach provide a more risk-sensitive indication of the credit risk capital requirements and are more reflective of the economic risk of the Group. The use of models produces a strong link between capital requirements and business drivers, and promotes a proactive risk culture at the origination of a transaction and strong capital consciousness within the organization. A rigorous monitoring and control framework also ensures compliance with internal as well as regulatory standards.

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Credit risk under internal ratings-based approaches

General

Under the IRB approach, risk weights are determined by using internal risk parameters and applying an asset value correlation multiplier uplift where exposures are to financial institutions meeting regulatory defined criteria. We have received approval from FINMA to use, and have fully implemented, the A-IRB approach whereby we provide our own estimates for PD, LGD and EAD.

PD parameters capture the risk of a counterparty defaulting over a one-year time horizon. PD estimates are mainly derived from models tailored to the specific business of the respective obligor. The models are calibrated to the long run average of annual internal or external default rates where applicable. For portfolios with a small number of empirical defaults, low default portfolio techniques are used.

LGD parameters consider seniority, collateral, counterparty industry and in certain cases fair value markdowns. LGD estimates are mainly based on an empirical analysis of historical loss rates. To reflect time value of money, recovered amounts on defaulted obligations are discounted to the time of default and to account for potential adverse outcomes in a downturn environment, final parameters are chosen such as they reflect periods where economic downturns have been observed and/or where increased losses manifested. For portfolios with limited empirical data available conservative values are chosen based on proxy analysis and expert judgement. For much of the private, corporate and institutional banking businesses loan portfolio, the LGD is primarily dependent upon the type and amount of collateral pledged. The credit approval and collateral monitoring processes are based on LTV limits. For mortgages (residential or commercial), recovery rates are differentiated by type of property.

EAD for a non-defaulted facility is an estimate of the expected exposure upon default of the obligor. Estimates are derived based on a CCF approach using default-weighted averages of historical realized conversion factors on defaulted loans by facility type. Estimates are calibrated to capture negative operating environment effects. To comply with regulatory guidance in deriving individual observed CCF values as basis for the estimation are floored at zero, i.e. it is assumed that drawn exposure can never become lower in the run to default.

> Refer to “Credit risk” (pages 151 to 154) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Risk management – Risk coverage and management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on PD and LGD.

Risk weights are calculated using either the PD/LGD approach or the supervisory risk weights approach for certain types of specialized lending.

Reporting related to credit risk models

> Refer to “Model validation” (pages 25 to 26), “Use of internal ratings” (page 27) and “Credit Risk Review” (page 27) for further information on the scope and main content of the reporting related to credit risk models.

Rating models

The majority of the credit rating models used in Credit Suisse are developed internally by Core Credit Models, a specialized unit within the Quantitative Analysis and Technology area in the risk organization. These models are independently validated by Model Risk Management team prior to use in the Basel III regulatory capital calculation, and thereafter on a regular basis. Credit Suisse also uses models purchased from recognized data and model providers (e.g. credit rating agencies). These models are owned by Core Credit Models and are validated internally following the same governance process as models developed internally.

All new or material changes to rating models are subject to a robust governance process. Post development and validation of a rating model or model change, the model is taken through a number of committees where model developers, validators and users of the models discuss the technical and regulatory aspects of the model. The relevant committees opine on the information provided and decide to either approve or reject the model or model change. The ultimate decision making committee is the Risk Processes & Standards Committee (RPSC). The responsible Executive Board Member for the RPSC is the Chief Risk Officer (CRO). The RPSC sub-group responsible for credit risk models is the Model Approval and Controls Committee (MACC). MACC also reviews and monitors the continued use of existing models on an annual basis.

The following table provides an overview of the main PD and LGD models used by Credit Suisse. It reflects the portfolio segmentation from a credit risk model point of view, showing the RWA, type and number of the most significant models, and the data history available for model development by portfolio. As the table follows an internal risk segmentation and captures the most significant models only, these figures do not match regulatory asset class or other A-IRB based segmentation.

Some of the portfolios shown in the table sum up multiple rating models. The distinction criteria determining which model applies, differs from portfolio to portfolio. Corporates, banks and non-banking financial institutions are split by turnover and geography. For funds, the distinction criteria is the different form of funds e.g. mutual-, hedge-funds etc., whereas for income producing real estate (IPRE), it is corporate vs. private counterparties.

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CRE - Main PD and LGD models used by Credit Suisse
				PD		LGD
Portfolio	Asset class	RWA (in CHF billion) as of 3Q21	Data history	No. of models	Model comment	No. of models	Model comment
							Statistical and hybrid models using e.g. industry and counterparty segmentation, collateral types and amounts, seniority and other transaction specific factors with granularity enhancements by public research and expert judgement
Corporates	Corporates, retail	45	>15 years	2	Statistical scorecards using e.g. balance sheet, P&L data and qualitative factors	2
Banks and other financial institutions	Banks, corporates	9	>30 years	5	Statistical scorecard and constrained expert judgement using e.g. balance sheet, P&L data and qualitative factors
Funds	Corporates	10	>10 years	4	Statistical scorecards using e.g. net asset value, volatility of returns and qualitative factors
							Statistical model using e.g. counterparty segmentation, collateral types and amounts
Residential mortgages & other wealth- management financing	Retail, corporates	16	>15 years	2	Statistical scorecard using e.g. LTV, affordability, assets and qualitative factors	2
Income producing real estate	Specialized lending, retail	19	>15 years	2	Statistical scorecards using e.g. LTV, debt service coverage and qualitative factors
Commodity traders	Corporates, specialized lending	2	>15 years	1	Statistical scorecard using e.g. volume, liquidity and duration of financed commodity transactions
Sovereign	Sovereign, corporates	2	>15 years	1	Statistical scorecards using e.g. GDP, financials and qualitative factors	1	Statistical models using e.g. industry and counterparty segmentation, seniority and other transaction specific factors
Ship finance	Specialized lending	2	>15 years	1	Statistical scorecard using e.g. freight rates, ship market values, operational expenses and group information	1	Statistical model using e.g. LTV and counterparty attributes
Lombard, Securities Borrowing & Lending	Retail, corporates	12	>15 years	1	Merton type model using e.g. LTV, collateral volatility and counterparty attributes	1	Merton type model using e.g. LTV, collateral volatility and counterparty attributes

Model development

The techniques to develop models are carefully selected by Core Credit Models to meet industry standards in the banking industry as well as regulatory requirements. The models are developed to exhibit “through-the-cycle” characteristics, reflecting a PD in a 12 month period across the credit cycle.

All models have clearly defined model owners who have primary responsibility for development, enhancement, review, maintenance and documentation. The models have to pass statistical performance tests, where feasible, followed by usability tests by designated Credit Risk Management experts to proceed to formal approval and implementation. The development process of a new model is thoroughly documented and foresees a separate schedule for model updates.

The level of calibration of the models is based on a range of inputs, including internal and external benchmarks where available. Additionally, the calibration process ensures that the estimated calibration level accounts for variations of default rates through the economic cycle and that the underlying data contains a representative mix of economic states. Conservatism is incorporated in the model development process to compensate for any known or suspected limitations and uncertainties.

Model validation

Model validation for risk capital models is performed by the Model Risk Management function. Model governance is subject to clear and objective internal standards as outlined in the Model Risk Management policy and the Model Validation Policy. The governance framework ensures a consistent and meaningful approach for the validation of models in scope across the bank. All models whose outputs fall into the scope of the Basel internal model framework are subject to full independent validation. Externally developed models are subject to the same governance and validation standards as internal models.

The governance process requires each in scope model to be validated and approved before go-live; the same process is followed for material changes to an existing model. Existing models are subject to an ongoing governance process which requires each model to be periodically validated and the performance to be monitored annually. The validation process is a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative assessment with goals that include:

■ to confirm that the model remains conceptually sound and the model design is suitable for its intended purpose;

■ to verify that the assumptions are still valid and weaknesses and limitations are known and mitigated;

■ to determine that the model outputs are accurate compared to realized outcome;

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■ to establish whether the model is accepted by the users and used as intended with appropriate data governance;

■ to check whether a model is implemented correctly;

■ to ensure that the model is fully transparent and sufficiently documented.

To meet these goals, models are validated against a series of quantitative and qualitative criteria. Quantitative analyses may include a review of model performance (comparison of model output against realized outcome), calibration accuracy against the longest time series available, assessment of a model’s ability to rank order risk and performance against available benchmarks. Qualitative assessment typically includes a review of the appropriateness of the key model assumptions, the identification of the model limitations and their mitigation, and ensuring appropriate model use. The modeling approach is re-assessed in light of developments in the academic literature and industry practice.

Results and conclusions are presented to senior risk management and relevant committees; shortcomings and required improvements identified during validation must be remediated within an agreed deadline. The Model Risk Management function is independent of model developers and users and has the final say on the content of each validation report.

Model governance at Credit Suisse follows the “three lines of defense” principle. Model developers and owners provide the first line of defense, Model Risk Management the second line, and Internal Audit the third line of defense. Organization independence ensures that these functions are able to provide appropriate oversight. For Credit Risk models, the development and validation functions are independent up to the CRO (Executive Board level). Internal Audit has fully independent reporting into the Chair of the Board of Directors Audit Committee.

Stress testing of parameters

The potential biases in PD estimates in unusual market conditions are accounted for by the use of long run average estimates. For specific models, Credit Suisse additionally uses stress-testing when back-testing PD models. When predefined thresholds are breached during back-testing, a review of the calibration level is undertaken. For LGD/CCF calibration stress testing can be applied in defining Downturn LGD/CCF values, reflecting potentially increased losses during stressed periods.

Descriptions of the rating processes

All counterparties that Credit Suisse is exposed to are assigned an internal credit rating. The rating is assigned at the time of initial credit approval and subsequently reviewed and updated regularly. Where available, Credit Risk Management employs rating models relative to the counterparty type that incorporate qualitative and quantitative factors. Expert judgement may further be applied through a well governed model override process in the assignment of a credit rating or PD, which measures the counterparty’s risk of default over a one-year period.

Corporates (excluding corporates managed on the Swiss platform), banks and sovereigns (primarily in the investment banking businesses)

Where used, rating models are an integral part of the rating process. To ensure all relevant information is considered when rating a counterparty, experienced credit officers complement the outputs from the models with other relevant information not otherwise captured via a robust model-override framework. Other relevant information may include, but is not limited to peer analysis, industry comparisons, external ratings and research and the judgment of credit experts. This analysis emphasizes a forward looking approach, concentrating on economic trends and financial fundamentals.

For structured and asset finance deals, the approach is more quantitative. The focus is on the performance of the underlying assets, which represent the collateral of the deal. The ultimate rating is dependent upon the expected performance of the underlying assets and the level of credit enhancement of the specific transaction. Additionally, a review of the originator and/or servicer is performed. External ratings and research (rating agency and/or fixed income and equity), where available, are incorporated into the rating justification, as is any available market information (e.g., bond spreads, equity performance).

Transaction ratings are based on the analysis and evaluation of both quantitative and qualitative factors. The specific factors analyzed include seniority, industry and collateral.

Corporates managed on the Swiss platform, mortgages and other retail (primarily in the private, corporate and institutional banking businesses)

For corporates managed on the Swiss platform and mortgage lending, the PD is calculated directly by proprietary statistical rating models, which are based on internally compiled data comprising both quantitative factors (primarily LTV ratio and the borrower’s income level for mortgage lending and balance sheet information for corporates) and qualitative factors (e.g., credit histories from credit reporting bureaus, management quality). Collateral loans (margin lending), which form the largest part of “Other retail”, is also following an individual PD and LGD approach. The approach is calibrated to historical loss experience. Most of the collateral loans are loans collateralized by securities.

The internal rating grades are mapped to the Credit Suisse Internal Masterscale. The PDs assigned to each rating grade are reflected in the following table.

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CRE - Credit Suisse counterparty ratings
Ratings	PD bands (%)	1	Definition	S&P	Fitch	Moody's	Details
AAA	0.000 - 0.021		Substantially risk free	AAA	AAA	Aaa	Extremely low risk, very high long-term stability, still solvent under extreme conditions
AA+ AA AA-	0.021 - 0.027 0.027 - 0.034 0.034 - 0.044		Minimal risk	AA+ AA AA-	AA+ AA AA-	Aa1 Aa2 Aa3	Very low risk, long-term stability, repayment sources sufficient under lasting adverse conditions, extremely high medium-term stability
A+ A A-	0.044 - 0.056 0.056 - 0.068 0.068 - 0.097		Modest risk	A+ A A-	A+ A A-	A1 A2 A3	Low risk, short- and mid-term stability, small adverse developments can be absorbed long term, short- and mid-term solvency preserved in the event of serious difficulties
BBB+ BBB BBB-	0.097 - 0.167 0.167 - 0.285 0.285 - 0.487		Average risk	BBB+ BBB BBB-	BBB+ BBB BBB-	Baa1 Baa2 Baa3	Medium to low risk, high short-term stability, adequate substance for medium-term survival, very stable short term
BB+ BB BB-	0.487 - 0.839 0.839 - 1.442 1.442 - 2.478		Acceptable risk	BB+ BB BB-	BB+ BB BB-	Ba1 Ba2 Ba3	Medium risk, only short-term stability, only capable of absorbing minor adverse developments in the medium term, stable in the short term, no increased credit risks expected within the year
B+ B B-	2.478 - 4.259 4.259 - 7.311 7.311 - 12.550		High risk	B+ B B-	B+ B B-	B1 B2 B3	Increasing risk, limited capability to absorb further unexpected negative developments
CCC+ CCC CCC- CC	12.550 - 21.543 21.543 - 100.00 21.543 - 100.00 21.543 - 100.00		Very high risk	CCC+ CCC CCC- CC	CCC+ CCC CCC- CC	Caa1 Caa2 Caa3 Ca	High risk, very limited capability to absorb further unexpected negative developments
C D1 D2	100 Risk of default has materialized		Imminent or actual loss	C D	C D	C	Substantial credit risk has materialized, i.e. counterparty is distressed and/or non-performing. Adequate specific provisions must be made as further adverse developments will result directly in credit losses.
Transactions rated C are potential problem loans; those rated D1 are non-performing assets and those rated D2 are non-interest earning.
1 For Ratings AAA to CCC+, the PD bands are exclusive of the left-hand side and inclusive of the right-hand side PD band boundary. For Ratings CCC to CC, the PD bands are exclusive of the left-hand and exclusive of the right-hand side. For Rating C, the PD equals 100%.

Use of internal ratings

Internal ratings play an essential role in the decision-making and the credit approval processes. The portfolio credit quality is set in terms of the proportion of investment and non-investment grade exposures. Investment/non-investment grade is determined by the internal rating assigned to a counterparty.

Internal counterparty ratings (and associated PDs), transaction ratings (and associated LGDs) and CCF for loan commitments are inputs to RWA and economic risk capital calculations. Model outputs are the basis for risk-adjusted-pricing or assignment of credit competency levels.

The internal ratings are also integrated into the risk management reporting infrastructure and are reviewed in senior risk management committees.

Credit Risk Review

Governance and supervisory checks within credit risk management are supplemented by the credit risk review function. The credit risk review function is independent from credit risk management with a direct functional reporting line to the Risk Committee Chair, administratively reporting to the Group CRO. Credit risk review’s primary responsibility is to provide timely and independent assessments of the Group’s credit exposures and credit risk management processes and practices. Any findings and agreed actions are reported to senior management and, as necessary, to the Risk Committee.

EAD covered by the various approaches

The following table shows the part of EAD covered by the standardized and the A-IRB approach for each of the asset classes. The F-IRB approach is currently not applied.

CRE - EAD covered by the various approaches
end of 4Q21	Standardized approach	A-IRB approach	1
EAD (in %)
Sovereigns	56	44
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer	19	81
Institutions - Other institutions	43	57
Corporates	8	92
Residential mortgages	0	100
Retail	3	97
Other exposures	100	0
Total	23	77
1 Includes EAD related to the supervisory slotting approach.

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Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range

The following table presents the main parameters used for the calculation of capital requirements for IRB models.

CR6 – Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range (continued)
end of 4Q21	Original on-balance sheet gross exposure	Off-balance sheet exposures pre CCF	Total exposures	Average CCF	EAD post- CRM and post-CCF	1	Average PD	Number of obligors (thousands)	Average LGD	Average maturity (years)	RWA	2	RWA density	Expected loss	Provisions
Sovereigns (CHF million, except where indicated)
0.00% to <0.15%	69,257	861	70,118	57%	69,846		0.02%	< 0.1	2%	1.1	621		1%	1	–
0.15% to <0.25%	0	0	0	0%	0		0.22%	< 0.1	58%	2.5	0		63%	0	–
0.25% to <0.50%	131	9	140	100%	140		0.37%	< 0.1	54%	2.1	100		72%	0	–
0.50% to <0.75%	17	0	17	0%	17		0.64%	< 0.1	58%	1.9	16		96%	0	–
0.75% to <2.50%	78	3	81	45%	80		1.10%	< 0.1	42%	3.0	79		100%	0	–
2.50% to <10.00%	281	30	311	14%	143		6.01%	< 0.1	44%	2.1	238		166%	4	–
10.00% to <100.00%	182	0	182	0%	22		28.23%	< 0.1	60%	2.3	76		351%	4	–
100.00% (Default)	416	0	416	0%	135		100.00%	< 0.1	57%	1.8	144		106%	176	–
Sub-total	70,362	903	71,265	56%	70,383		0.24%	0.1	3%	1.1	1,274		2%	185	176
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer
0.00% to <0.15%	8,891	2,159	11,050	57%	11,800		0.06%	1.6	53%	0.7	1,820		15%	4	–
0.15% to <0.25%	281	286	567	45%	377		0.22%	0.1	50%	0.8	149		40%	0	–
0.25% to <0.50%	764	173	937	51%	611		0.37%	0.1	55%	0.7	412		67%	1	–
0.50% to <0.75%	176	211	387	51%	225		0.64%	< 0.1	49%	1.8	189		84%	1	–
0.75% to <2.50%	154	155	309	48%	242		1.62%	0.1	51%	0.8	275		114%	2	–
2.50% to <10.00%	728	259	987	43%	389		4.79%	0.2	50%	1.0	605		156%	9	–
10.00% to <100.00%	8	1	9	30%	1		18.01%	< 0.1	53%	1.9	2		281%	0	–
100.00% (Default)	7	0	7	0%	7		100.00%	< 0.1	51%	2.5	8		106%	0	–
Sub-total	11,009	3,244	14,253	54%	13,652		0.30%	2.1	53%	0.7	3,460		25%	17	0
Institutions - Other institutions
0.00% to <0.15%	455	1,769	2,224	1%	572		0.05%	< 0.1	41%	4.3	174		30%	0	–
0.15% to <0.25%	5	50	55	8%	9		0.20%	< 0.1	23%	2.4	3		30%	0	–
0.25% to <0.50%	17	2	19	45%	18		0.40%	< 0.1	54%	2.8	14		82%	0	–
0.50% to <0.75%	5	2	7	45%	5		0.72%	< 0.1	44%	2.0	4		79%	0	–
0.75% to <2.50%	1	0	1	0%	1		1.05%	< 0.1	17%	2.5	1		55%	0	–
2.50% to <10.00%	140	454	594	45%	344		4.66%	< 0.1	8%	4.8	111		32%	1	–
Sub-total	623	2,277	2,900	10%	949		1.74%	0.1	29%	4.5	307		32%	1	0
Corporates - Specialized lending
0.00% to <0.15%	7,549	2,204	9,753	44%	8,512		0.06%	0.8	28%	2.4	1,775		21%	1	–
0.15% to <0.25%	3,871	1,523	5,394	36%	4,421		0.19%	0.7	30%	2.3	1,603		36%	3	–
0.25% to <0.50%	2,177	1,904	4,081	37%	2,878		0.37%	0.4	27%	2.0	1,280		44%	3	–
0.50% to <0.75%	2,924	1,447	4,371	32%	3,393		0.58%	0.3	24%	1.9	1,446		43%	5	–
0.75% to <2.50%	8,084	2,388	10,472	41%	9,069		1.38%	0.6	21%	2.2	4,856		54%	26	–
2.50% to <10.00%	1,274	30	1,304	52%	1,289		3.72%	0.1	14%	2.7	627		49%	7	–
10.00% to <100.00%	48	0	48	45%	48		14.74%	< 0.1	18%	1.8	44		91%	1	–
100.00% (Default)	19	0	19	27%	19		100.00%	< 0.1	44%	2.4	20		106%	45	–
Sub-total	25,946	9,496	35,442	39%	29,629		0.82%	3.0	25%	2.2	11,651		39%	91	45
1 CRM is reflected by shifting the counterparty exposure from the underlying obligor to the protection provider.
2 Reflects RWA post CCF.

28 / 29

CR6 – Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range (continued)
end of 4Q21	Original on-balance sheet gross exposure	Off-balance sheet exposures pre CCF	Total exposures	Average CCF	EAD post- CRM and post-CCF	1	Average PD	Number of obligors (thousands)	Average LGD	Average maturity (years)	RWA	2	RWA density	Expected loss	Provisions
Corporates without specialized lending (CHF million, except where indicated)
0.00% to <0.15%	13,420	43,915	57,335	38%	31,874		0.07%	2.7	42%	2.3	7,466		23%	9	–
0.15% to <0.25%	3,691	10,656	14,347	39%	7,748		0.21%	1.2	44%	2.1	3,710		48%	7	–
0.25% to <0.50%	5,476	7,304	12,780	33%	7,763		0.37%	1.5	42%	2.3	4,381		56%	12	–
0.50% to <0.75%	2,872	4,396	7,268	38%	4,173		0.61%	0.8	40%	2.2	2,788		67%	10	–
0.75% to <2.50%	9,703	8,322	18,025	43%	12,409		1.45%	1.8	34%	2.7	10,630		86%	61	–
2.50% to <10.00%	8,229	14,672	22,901	45%	13,406		5.96%	1.6	34%	3.0	17,313		129%	266	–
10.00% to <100.00%	585	714	1,299	43%	776		18.04%	0.1	22%	2.9	904		116%	32	–
100.00% (Default)	5,910	491	6,401	46%	1,588		100.00%	0.2	63%	1.9	1,676		106%	4,704	–
Sub-total	49,886	90,470	140,356	39%	79,737		3.51%	9.9	39%	2.5	48,868		61%	5,101	4,704
Residential mortgages
0.00% to <0.15%	30,080	1,768	31,848	43%	30,833		0.09%	43.7	14%	3.1	2,194		7%	4	–
0.15% to <0.25%	33,017	1,749	34,766	40%	33,716		0.18%	38.1	15%	3.1	4,384		13%	9	–
0.25% to <0.50%	36,369	2,033	38,402	41%	37,179		0.30%	51.1	14%	3.2	7,085		19%	16	–
0.50% to <0.75%	5,050	466	5,516	44%	5,257		0.58%	6.0	17%	2.9	1,662		32%	5	–
0.75% to <2.50%	5,888	874	6,762	39%	6,227		1.30%	6.1	17%	2.8	2,899		47%	13	–
2.50% to <10.00%	1,524	46	1,570	43%	1,544		4.53%	0.7	16%	2.3	1,076		70%	11	–
10.00% to <100.00%	63	0	63	70%	61		18.19%	< 0.1	16%	2.6	76		125%	2	–
100.00% (Default)	406	7	413	83%	412		100.00%	0.3	46%	1.7	436		106%	34	–
Sub-total	112,397	6,943	119,340	41%	115,229		0.70%	146.0	15%	3.1	19,812		17%	94	34
Qualifying revolving retail
0.75% to <2.50%	373	5,376	5,749	0%	395		1.30%	745.9	50%	1.0	98		25%	3	–
100.00% (Default)	0	0	0	0%	–		100.00%	< 0.1	50%	1.0	0		106%	0	–
Sub-total	373	5,376	5,749	0%	395		1.30%	745.9	50%	1.0	98		25%	3	0
Other retail
0.00% to <0.15%	53,778	148,359	202,137	6%	62,676		0.04%	50.5	63%	1.3	4,835		8%	14	–
0.15% to <0.25%	3,091	7,558	10,649	9%	3,784		0.20%	3.9	46%	1.4	735		19%	3	–
0.25% to <0.50%	2,151	2,383	4,534	12%	2,427		0.36%	3.5	34%	1.5	524		22%	3	–
0.50% to <0.75%	1,394	1,168	2,562	22%	1,646		0.60%	1.3	37%	1.4	519		32%	4	–
0.75% to <2.50%	4,896	2,125	7,021	22%	5,361		1.62%	96.0	36%	2.2	2,489		46%	32	–
2.50% to <10.00%	3,303	1,172	4,475	25%	3,593		5.52%	81.8	38%	3.3	2,144		60%	77	–
10.00% to <100.00%	32	35	67	2%	33		17.93%	0.2	50%	2.0	37		112%	3	–
100.00% (Default)	427	17	444	24%	380		100.00%	4.9	86%	1.5	403		106%	337	–
Sub-total	69,072	162,817	231,889	7%	79,900		0.90%	242.1	58%	1.5	11,686		15%	473	337
Sub-total (all portfolios)
0.00% to <0.15%	183,430	201,035	384,465	14%	216,113		0.05%	99.5	31%	1.7	18,885		9%	33	–
0.15% to <0.25%	43,956	21,822	65,778	28%	50,055		0.18%	44.1	23%	2.7	10,584		21%	22	–
0.25% to <0.50%	47,085	13,808	60,893	31%	51,016		0.32%	56.7	21%	2.9	13,796		27%	35	–
0.50% to <0.75%	12,438	7,690	20,128	35%	14,716		0.60%	8.4	28%	2.3	6,624		45%	25	–
0.75% to <2.50%	29,177	19,243	48,420	28%	33,784		1.43%	850.4	28%	2.5	21,327		63%	137	–
2.50% to <10.00%	15,479	16,663	32,142	44%	20,708		5.59%	84.5	32%	2.9	22,114		107%	375	–
10.00% to <100.00%	918	750	1,668	41%	941		18.11%	0.3	23%	2.7	1,139		121%	42	–
100.00% (Default)	7,185	515	7,700	46%	2,541		100.00%	5.3	63%	1.8	2,687		106%	5,296	–
Sub-total (all portfolios)	339,668	281,526	621,194	20%	389,874		1.23%	1,149.2	29%	2.1	97,156		25%	5,965	5,296
Alternative treatment
Exposures from free deliveries applying standardized risk weights or 100% under the alternative treatment	–	–	–	–	3		–	–	–	–	3		–	–	–
IRB - maturity and export finance buffer	–	–	–	–	–		–	–	–	–	88		–	–	–
Total (all portfolios and alternative treatment)	339,668	281,526	621,194	20%	389,877		1.23%	1,149.2	29%	2.1	97,247		25%	5,965	5,296
1 CRM is reflected by shifting the counterparty exposure from the underlying obligor to the protection provider.
2 Reflects RWA post CCF.

30 / 31

CR6 – Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range
end of 2Q21	Original on-balance sheet gross exposure	Off-balance sheet exposures pre CCF	Total exposures	Average CCF	EAD post- CRM and post-CCF	1	Average PD	Number of obligors (thousands)	2	Average LGD	Average maturity (years)	RWA	3	RWA density	Expected loss	Provisions
Sovereigns (CHF million, except where indicated)
0.00% to <0.15%	55,712	826	56,538	56%	56,269		0.02%	< 0.1		3%	1.1	511		1%	1	–
0.15% to <0.25%	1	0	1	–	1		0.22%	< 0.1		58%	0.4	0		35%	0	–
0.25% to <0.50%	90	20	110	100%	99		0.37%	< 0.1		53%	2.7	78		79%	0	–
0.50% to <0.75%	18	0	18	–	18		0.64%	< 0.1		58%	2.4	19		105%	0	–
0.75% to <2.50%	98	3	101	45%	99		1.17%	< 0.1		43%	3.0	103		104%	1	–
2.50% to <10.00%	320	15	335	20%	140		5.56%	< 0.1		44%	2.4	239		171%	4	–
10.00% to <100.00%	193	0	193	–	47		22.54%	< 0.1		60%	3.7	165		354%	6	–
100.00% (Default)	415	0	415	–	199		100.00%	< 0.1		57%	1.5	211		106%	113	–
Sub-total	56,847	864	57,711	56%	56,872		0.41%	0.1		3%	1.1	1,326		2%	125	113
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer
0.00% to <0.15%	10,241	2,198	12,439	55%	12,912		0.06%	1.7		53%	0.6	1,887		15%	4	–
0.15% to <0.25%	395	248	643	26%	456		0.22%	0.1		47%	0.9	189		41%	0	–
0.25% to <0.50%	711	221	932	42%	669		0.37%	0.1		52%	0.8	423		63%	2	–
0.50% to <0.75%	64	108	172	39%	101		0.64%	< 0.1		51%	1.0	82		80%	0	–
0.75% to <2.50%	257	170	427	50%	317		1.66%	0.1		45%	0.7	321		101%	2	–
2.50% to <10.00%	502	268	770	36%	396		4.83%	0.2		50%	1.1	625		158%	9	–
10.00% to <100.00%	7	0	7	20%	2		21.53%	< 0.1		53%	0.3	5		269%	0	–
100.00% (Default)	7	0	7	–	7		100.00%	< 0.1		51%	1.0	8		106%	0	–
Sub-total	12,184	3,213	15,397	49%	14,860		0.29%	2.2		52%	0.6	3,540		24%	17	0
Institutions - Other institutions
0.00% to <0.15%	517	1,228	1,745	1%	608		0.05%	< 0.1		41%	3.9	170		28%	0	–
0.15% to <0.25%	3	63	66	5%	7		0.21%	< 0.1		27%	1.3	1		20%	0	–
0.25% to <0.50%	13	2	15	45%	13		0.37%	< 0.1		57%	2.4	11		80%	0	–
0.50% to <0.75%	5	5	10	45%	7		0.72%	< 0.1		44%	2.8	6		88%	0	–
2.50% to <10.00%	103	329	432	45%	251		5.08%	< 0.1		8%	4.8	83		33%	1	–
Sub-total	641	1,627	2,268	10%	886		1.49%	0.1		32%	4.1	271		31%	1	0
Corporates - Specialized lending
0.00% to <0.15%	6,661	2,099	8,760	44%	7,583		0.06%	0.8		29%	2.5	1,676		22%	1	–
0.15% to <0.25%	4,285	1,830	6,115	36%	4,951		0.20%	0.7		29%	2.3	1,887		38%	3	–
0.25% to <0.50%	2,733	1,201	3,934	39%	3,203		0.37%	0.4		30%	2.0	1,581		49%	4	–
0.50% to <0.75%	2,848	1,415	4,263	34%	3,315		0.58%	0.3		29%	1.3	1,628		49%	6	–
0.75% to <2.50%	8,133	2,674	10,807	38%	9,142		1.46%	0.6		19%	2.5	4,566		50%	24	–
2.50% to <10.00%	2,359	45	2,404	45%	2,379		4.31%	0.1		11%	3.2	946		40%	11	–
10.00% to <100.00%	122	48	170	45%	144		13.49%	< 0.1		10%	3.8	75		53%	2	–
100.00% (Default)	236	0	236	27%	104		100.00%	< 0.1		51%	1.5	110		106%	132	–
Sub-total	27,377	9,312	36,689	38%	30,821		1.31%	3.1		25%	2.4	12,469		40%	183	132
1 CRM is reflected by shifting the counterparty exposure from the underlying obligor to the protection provider.
2 Prior period has been revised.
3 Reflects RWA post CCF.

32 / 33

CR6 – Credit risk exposures by portfolio and PD range (continued)
end of 2Q21	Original on-balance sheet gross exposure	Off-balance sheet exposures pre CCF	Total exposures	Average CCF	EAD post- CRM and post-CCF	1	Average PD	Number of obligors (thousands)	2	Average LGD	Average maturity (years)	RWA	3	RWA density	Expected loss	Provisions
Corporates without specialized lending (CHF million, except where indicated)
0.00% to <0.15%	15,460	46,649	62,109	36%	33,952		0.07%	2.9		41%	2.3	7,804		23%	9	–
0.15% to <0.25%	4,589	11,673	16,262	38%	8,952		0.20%	1.3		43%	1.9	3,717		42%	8	–
0.25% to <0.50%	5,344	8,734	14,078	36%	8,396		0.37%	1.5		39%	2.4	4,468		53%	12	–
0.50% to <0.75%	3,519	4,560	8,079	41%	5,054		0.62%	0.9		39%	2.4	3,407		67%	12	–
0.75% to <2.50%	11,412	9,058	20,470	42%	14,618		1.43%	1.9		33%	2.6	12,123		83%	71	–
2.50% to <10.00%	7,872	16,446	24,318	39%	13,086		6.03%	1.8		34%	2.8	16,545		126%	261	–
10.00% to <100.00%	932	779	1,711	53%	1,061		18.20%	0.1		26%	2.8	1,530		144%	52	–
100.00% (Default)	6,211	533	6,744	42%	1,508		100.00%	0.2		59%	2.2	1,588		105%	4,959	–
Sub-total	55,339	98,432	153,771	38%	86,627		3.24%	10.6		38%	2.4	51,182		59%	5,384	4,960
Residential mortgages
0.00% to <0.15%	29,855	1,855	31,710	43%	30,644		0.09%	43.8		14%	3.0	2,192		7%	4	–
0.15% to <0.25%	32,423	1,962	34,385	39%	33,180		0.18%	38.1		15%	3.0	4,314		13%	9	–
0.25% to <0.50%	36,474	2,176	38,650	40%	37,344		0.30%	52.1		14%	3.1	7,124		19%	16	–
0.50% to <0.75%	5,305	359	5,664	52%	5,461		0.58%	6.3		17%	2.9	1,743		32%	5	–
0.75% to <2.50%	6,277	726	7,003	29%	6,489		1.32%	6.6		17%	2.8	3,123		48%	14	–
2.50% to <10.00%	1,666	19	1,685	50%	1,676		4.55%	0.8		16%	2.5	1,149		69%	12	–
10.00% to <100.00%	97	0	97	70%	97		18.93%	< 0.1		16%	2.8	126		129%	3	–
100.00% (Default)	355	7	362	84%	329		100.00%	0.2		19%	1.6	349		106%	33	–
Sub-total	112,452	7,104	119,556	40%	115,220		0.64%	147.9		15%	3.0	20,120		17%	96	32
Qualifying revolving retail
0.75% to <2.50%	360	5,431	5,791	–	380		1.30%	752.1		50%	1.0	94		25%	2	–
100.00% (Default)	0	0	0	–	0		100.00%	< 0.1		50%	1.0	0		106%	0	–
Sub-total	360	5,431	5,791	–	380		1.30%	752.1		50%	1.0	94		25%	2	0
Other retail
0.00% to <0.15%	55,322	146,743	202,065	6%	64,633		0.04%	50.6		63%	1.3	5,079		8%	16	–
0.15% to <0.25%	3,277	7,526	10,803	9%	3,958		0.20%	3.8		48%	1.5	822		21%	4	–
0.25% to <0.50%	2,250	5,410	7,660	9%	2,756		0.36%	3.6		34%	1.5	580		21%	3	–
0.50% to <0.75%	964	1,709	2,673	8%	1,110		0.62%	1.4		41%	1.6	389		35%	3	–
0.75% to <2.50%	4,999	2,027	7,026	16%	5,335		1.60%	89.3		33%	2.2	2,298		43%	29	–
2.50% to <10.00%	4,236	897	5,133	30%	4,503		5.17%	82.7		36%	2.9	2,541		56%	88	–
10.00% to <100.00%	27	11	38	9%	28		17.52%	0.2		43%	2.0	27		95%	2	–
100.00% (Default)	507	73	580	12%	387		100.00%	4.7		88%	1.5	410		106%	326	–
Sub-total	71,582	164,396	235,978	7%	82,710		0.92%	236.3		58%	1.5	12,146		15%	471	326
Sub-total (all portfolios)
0.00% to <0.15%	173,768	201,598	375,366	15%	206,601		0.05%	100.0		34%	1.7	19,319		9%	35	–
0.15% to <0.25%	44,973	23,302	68,275	29%	51,505		0.19%	44.0		24%	2.6	10,930		21%	24	–
0.25% to <0.50%	47,615	17,764	65,379	29%	52,480		0.32%	57.7		21%	2.8	14,265		27%	37	–
0.50% to <0.75%	12,723	8,156	20,879	34%	15,066		0.60%	9.0		29%	2.3	7,274		48%	26	–
0.75% to <2.50%	31,536	20,089	51,625	27%	36,380		1.44%	850.6		27%	2.5	22,628		62%	143	–
2.50% to <10.00%	17,058	18,019	35,077	39%	22,431		5.53%	85.6		30%	2.8	22,128		99%	386	–
10.00% to <100.00%	1,378	838	2,216	52%	1,379		17.90%	0.4		26%	2.9	1,928		140%	65	–
100.00% (Default)	7,731	613	8,344	39%	2,534		100.00%	5.2		58%	1.9	2,676		106%	5,563	–
Sub-total (all portfolios)	336,782	290,379	627,161	20%	388,376		1.29%	1,152.5		30%	2.1	101,148		26%	6,279	5,563
Alternative treatment
Exposures from free deliveries applying standardized risk weights or 100% under the alternative treatment	–	–	–	–	16		–	–		–	–	12		–	–	–
IRB - maturity and export finance buffer	–	–	–	–	–		–	–		–	–	393		–	–	–
Total (all portfolios and alternative treatment)	336,782	290,379	627,161	20%	388,392		1.29%	1,152.5		30%	2.1	101,553		26%	6,279	5,563
1 CRM is reflected by shifting the counterparty exposure from the underlying obligor to the protection provider.
2 Prior period has been revised.
3 Reflects RWA post CCF.

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Credit derivatives used as CRM techniques

The following table presents the effect on RWA of credit derivatives used as CRM techniques by portfolio.

For exposures covered by recognized credit derivatives, the substitution approach is applied, which means the risk weight of the obligor is substituted with the risk weight of the protection provider. The CRM effect is reflected according to the actual post-risk mitigation asset class for pre-credit derivatives and actual RWA. The table does not include the impact of certain immaterial positions where the credit derivative was recognized with an adjustment to LGD.

CR7 – Effect on risk-weighted assets of credit derivatives used as CRM techniques
	4Q21		2Q21
end of	Pre-credit derivatives RWA	Actual RWA	Pre-credit derivatives RWA	Actual RWA
CHF million
Sovereigns - A-IRB	1,274	1,274	1,326	1,326
Institutions - Banks and securities dealers - A-IRB	3,521	3,460	3,583	3,544
Institutions - Other institutions - A-IRB	307	307	271	271
Corporates - Specialized lending - A-IRB	15,691	15,691	16,757	16,757
Corporates without specialized lending - A-IRB	48,932	48,871	51,308	51,191
Residential mortgages	19,812	19,812	20,120	20,120
Qualifying revolving retail	98	98	94	94
Other retail	11,686	11,686	12,146	12,146
Maturity and export finance buffer - IRB	88	88	393	393
Total	101,409	101,287	105,998	105,842
Includes RWA related to the A-IRB approach and supervisory slotting approach.

RWA flow statement of credit risk exposures under IRB

The following table presents the 4Q21 flow statement explaining the variations in the credit risk RWA determined under the IRB approach.

Credit risk RWA under IRB decreased CHF 2.8 billion to CHF 101.3 billion compared to the end of 3Q21. The decrease was primarily driven by movement in risk levels attributable to asset size and asset quality as well as negative foreign exchange impact mainly from USD and EURO denominated portfolios. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in model and parameter updates driven by updated LGDs to account for updated loss experience in recent years. The decrease in risk levels was mainly attributable to reduced mortgages exposures for asset size and improvement in asset quality due to phase-out of a regulatory add-on in the corporate asset class.

CR8 – Risk-weighted assets flow statements of credit risk exposures under IRB
	4Q21
CHF million
Risk-weighted assets at beginning of period	104,120
Asset size	(905)
Asset quality	(480)
Model and parameter updates	294
Foreign exchange impact	(1,742)
Risk-weighted assets at end of period	101,287
Includes RWA related to the A-IRB approach and supervisory slotting approach.

36

Definition of risk-weighted assets movement components related to credit risk and CCR
Description	Definition
Asset size	Represents changes on the portfolio size arising in the ordinary course of business (including new businesses). Asset size also includes movements arising from the application of the comprehensive approach with regard to the treatment of financial collateral
Asset quality/credit quality of counterparties	Represents changes in average risk weighting across credit risk classes
Model and parameter updates	Represents movements arising from internally driven or externally mandated updates to models and recalibrations of model parameters specific only to Credit Suisse
Methodology and policy changes	Represents movements arising from externally mandated regulatory methodology and policy changes to accounting and exposure classification and treatment policies not specific only to Credit Suisse
Acquisitions and disposals	Represents changes in book sizes due to acquisitions and disposals of entities
Foreign exchange impact	Represents changes in exchange rates of the transaction currencies compared to the Swiss franc
Other	Represents changes that cannot be attributed to any other category

Model performance

The A-IRB models are subject to a comprehensive backtesting process to demonstrate that model performance can be confirmed annually during the entire lifecycle of each model. As evidenced during model development and confirmed via annual performance monitoring, typically discriminatory power of credit models is well above industry standard and calibration targets are set conservatively.

The following table provides backtesting data to validate the reliability of PD calculations. The estimated PDs are compared with the actual default rates by PD ranges within each exposure class. The estimated PDs are forward-looking average PDs at the beginning of the twelve-month period, which started at the end of December 2019. The estimated PDs are compared with the simple average of historical default rates covering a period starting at the earliest in 2001 and ending at the end of 2020.

37

CR9 - Backtesting of PD per portfolio
							Number of obligors (thousands)
	Master scale from CRM S&P	Master scale from CRM Fitch	Master scale from CRM Moody	Weighted average PD	Arithmetic average PD by obligors	1	End of previous year	End of the year	Defaulted obligors in the year	2	of which: new defaulted obligors in the year	2	Average historical annual default rate	2
Sovereigns
0.00% to <0.15%	AAA to BBB+	AAA to BBB+	Aaa to Baa1	0.03%	0.03%		< 0.1	< 0.1	0		0		0.04%
0.15% to <0.25%	BBB	BBB	Baa2	0.22%	0.21%		< 0.1	< 0.1	0		0		0.00%
0.25% to <0.50%	BBB-	BBB-	Baa3	0.37%	0.37%		< 0.1	< 0.1	0		0		0.00%
0.50% to <0.75%	BB+	BB+	Ba1	0.64%	0.59%		< 0.1	< 0.1	0		0		0.00%
0.75% to <2.50%	BB to BB-	BB to BB-	Ba2 to Ba3	1.83%	1.53%		< 0.1	< 0.1	0		0		0.00%
2.50% to <10.00%	B+ to B-	B+ to B-	B1 to B3	6.31%	5.98%		< 0.1	< 0.1	1		0		1.15%
10.00% to <100.00%	CCC+ to CC	CCC+ to CC	Caa1 to Ca	16.44%	16.44%		< 0.1	< 0.1	2		0		11.76%
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer
0.00% to <0.15%	AAA to BBB+	AAA to BBB+	Aaa to Baa1	0.06%	0.07%		1.6	1.6	0		0		0.03%
0.15% to <0.25%	BBB	BBB	Baa2	0.22%	0.22%		0.1	0.1	0		0		0.14%
0.25% to <0.50%	BBB-	BBB-	Baa3	0.37%	0.37%		0.2	0.1	0		0		0.27%
0.50% to <0.75%	BB+	BB+	Ba1	0.61%	0.60%		0.1	< 0.1	0		0		0.18%
0.75% to <2.50%	BB to BB-	BB to BB-	Ba2 to Ba3	1.62%	1.56%		0.1	0.1	1		0		0.16%
2.50% to <10.00%	B+ to B-	B+ to B-	B1 to B3	4.81%	5.28%		0.1	0.2	0		0		0.59%
10.00% to <100.00%	CCC+ to CC	CCC+ to CC	Caa1 to Ca	27.26%	22.87%		< 0.1	< 0.1	0		0		2.35%
Institutions - Other institutions
0.00% to <0.15%	AAA to BBB+	AAA to BBB+	Aaa to Baa1	0.05%	0.05%		0.4	< 0.1	0		0		0.00%
0.15% to <0.25%	BBB	BBB	Baa2	0.23%	0.20%		< 0.1	< 0.1	0		0		0.00%
0.25% to <0.50%	BBB-	BBB-	Baa3	0.36%	0.34%		< 0.1	< 0.1	0		0		0.00%
0.50% to <0.75%	BB+	BB+	Ba1	0.58%	0.58%		< 0.1	–	0		0		0.07%
0.75% to <2.50%	BB to BB-	BB to BB-	Ba2 to Ba3	1.09%	1.33%		< 0.1	–	0		0		0.00%
2.50% to <10.00%	B+ to B-	B+ to B-	B1 to B3	3.94%	3.89%		< 0.1	< 0.1	–		–		–
Corporates - Specialized lending
0.00% to <0.15%	AAA to BBB+	AAA to BBB+	Aaa to Baa1	0.06%	0.07%		0.8	0.8	0		0		0.01%
0.15% to <0.25%	BBB	BBB	Baa2	0.20%	0.20%		0.7	0.7	0		0		0.03%
0.25% to <0.50%	BBB-	BBB-	Baa3	0.37%	0.37%		0.5	0.5	0		0		0.04%
0.50% to <0.75%	BB+	BB+	Ba1	0.58%	0.60%		0.3	0.3	3		0		0.21%
0.75% to <2.50%	BB to BB-	BB to BB-	Ba2 to Ba3	1.45%	1.38%		0.8	0.7	2		0		0.40%
2.50% to <10.00%	B+ to B-	B+ to B-	B1 to B3	4.20%	4.06%		0.2	0.2	0		0		4.53%
10.00% to <100.00%	CCC+ to CC	CCC+ to CC	Caa1 to Ca	17.01%	16.04%		< 0.1	< 0.1	1		0		20.06%
1 The number of obligors used in the calculation is based on the transactional-based approach.
2 Reflects risk data where prudential portfolios are not captured. Accordingly for these columns approximations are required. For the qualifying revolving retail portfolio - CR7 (PD range 10.00% to <100.00%), no results are reported as portfolio in that scope has moved to standardized approach in 2020. Further, fast defaults are in tendency understated since capturing of fast defaults is not available for all clients in risk data. Underlying default rates are determined on client level, i.e. a client can have more than one transaction/credit.

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CR9 - Backtesting of PD per portfolio (continued)
							Number of obligors (thousands)
	Master scale from CRM S&P	Master scale from CRM Fitch	Master scale from CRM Moody	Weighted average PD	Arithmetic average PD by obligors	1	End of previous year	End of the year	Defaulted obligors in the year	2	of which: new defaulted obligors in the year	2	Average historical annual default rate	2
Corporates without specialized lending
0.00% to <0.15%	AAA to BBB+	AAA to BBB+	Aaa to Baa1	0.07%	0.07%		2.7	2.6	0		0		0.03%
0.15% to <0.25%	BBB	BBB	Baa2	0.21%	0.20%		1.2	1.3	1		0		0.10%
0.25% to <0.50%	BBB-	BBB-	Baa3	0.37%	0.37%		1.7	1.6	3		0		0.11%
0.50% to <0.75%	BB+	BB+	Ba1	0.62%	0.63%		1.3	0.9	2		0		0.26%
0.75% to <2.50%	BB to BB-	BB to BB-	Ba2 to Ba3	1.48%	1.40%		1.9	2.1	16		0		0.80%
2.50% to <10.00%	B+ to B-	B+ to B-	B1 to B3	5.17%	5.27%		1.6	1.8	47		1		2.08%
10.00% to <100.00%	CCC+ to CC	CCC+ to CC	Caa1 to Ca	18.24%	19.60%		0.1	0.1	24		1		14.07%
Residential mortgages
0.00% to <0.15%	AAA to BBB+	AAA to BBB+	Aaa to Baa1	0.09%	0.09%		43.5	44.0	10		0		0.02%
0.15% to <0.25%	BBB	BBB	Baa2	0.18%	0.17%		38.2	38.4	8		0		0.05%
0.25% to <0.50%	BBB-	BBB-	Baa3	0.30%	0.30%		52.9	52.5	43		0		0.09%
0.50% to <0.75%	BB+	BB+	Ba1	0.58%	0.60%		6.9	6.4	13		0		0.15%
0.75% to <2.50%	BB to BB-	BB to BB-	Ba2 to Ba3	1.24%	1.28%		7.0	6.5	22		0		0.29%
2.50% to <10.00%	B+ to B-	B+ to B-	B1 to B3	4.44%	4.26%		0.8	0.7	20		0		3.98%
10.00% to <100.00%	CCC+ to CC	CCC+ to CC	Caa1 to Ca	17.22%	16.37%		< 0.1	< 0.1	6		0		19.11%
Qualifying revolving retail
0.75% to <2.50%	BB to BB-	BB to BB-	Ba2 to Ba3	1.30%	1.30%		794.4	767.2	5,029		0		1.01%
10.00% to <100.00%	CCC+ to CC	CCC+ to CC	Caa1 to Ca	25.00%	25.00%		96.0	–	–		–		–
Other retail
0.00% to <0.15%	AAA to BBB+	AAA to BBB+	Aaa to Baa1	0.04%	0.04%		50.1	50.8	14		0		0.05%
0.15% to <0.25%	BBB	BBB	Baa2	0.19%	0.19%		3.6	3.9	2		0		0.02%
0.25% to <0.50%	BBB-	BBB-	Baa3	0.36%	0.36%		5.8	3.5	5		0		0.06%
0.50% to <0.75%	BB+	BB+	Ba1	0.60%	0.59%		11.8	1.4	0		0		0.00%
0.75% to <2.50%	BB to BB-	BB to BB-	Ba2 to Ba3	1.49%	1.68%		84.3	81.5	1,157		99		1.15%
2.50% to <10.00%	B+ to B-	B+ to B-	B1 to B3	4.92%	5.43%		84.2	80.7	3,042		212		3.79%
10.00% to <100.00%	CCC+ to CC	CCC+ to CC	Caa1 to Ca	17.12%	16.09%		0.4	0.3	–		0		0.17%
1 The number of obligors used in the calculation is based on the transactional-based approach.
2 Reflects risk data where prudential portfolios are not captured. Accordingly for these columns approximations are required. For the qualifying revolving retail portfolio - CR7 (PD range 10.00% to <100.00%), no results are reported as portfolio in that scope has moved to standardized approach in 2020. Further, fast defaults are in tendency understated since capturing of fast defaults is not available for all clients in risk data. Underlying default rates are determined on client level, i.e. a client can have more than one transaction/credit.

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Specialized lending

The following tables present the carrying values, exposure amounts and RWA for the Group’s specialized lending under the supervisory slotting approach.

CR10 – Specialized lending
end of		On- balance sheet amount	Off- balance sheet amount	Risk weight		Exposure amount	1	RWA	Expected losses
4Q21 (CHF million, except where indicated)
Other than high-volatility commercial real estate
Regulatory categories and remaining maturity
Strong	Less than 2.5 years	423	747	50%		833		442	0
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	555	695	70%		897		666	4
Good	Less than 2.5 years	732	143	70%		750		557	3
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	926	270	90%		1,074		1,024	9
Satisfactory		998	38	115%	2	774		944	22
Weak		16	11	250%		22		59	2
Default		14	0	–		14		0	7
Total		3,664	1,904	–		4,364		3,692	47
High-volatility commercial real estate
Regulatory categories and remaining maturity
Satisfactory		35	0	140%		35		53	1
Weak		111	0	250%		111		295	9
Default		0	2	–		2		0	1
Total		146	2	–		148		348	11
2Q21 (CHF million, except where indicated)
Other than high-volatility commercial real estate
Regulatory categories and remaining maturity
Strong	Less than 2.5 years	227	1,115	50%		840		445	0
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	703	390	70%		917		681	4
Good	Less than 2.5 years	584	90	70%		633		443	2
	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	1,072	322	90%		1,250		1,176	10
Satisfactory		795	50	115%	2	823		867	20
Weak		50	53	250%		79		209	6
Default		46	0	–		46		0	23
Total		3,477	2,020	–		4,588		3,821	65
High-volatility commercial real estate
Regulatory categories and remaining maturity
Good	Equal to or more than 2.5 years	18	7	120%		9		27	0
Satisfactory		37	0	140%		38		55	1
Weak		146	0	250%		127		386	12
Default		0	2	–		2		0	1
Total		201	9	–		176		468	14
1 Exposure amounts in connection with IPRE.
2 For a portion of the exposure, a risk weight of 120% is applied.

42

Equity positions in the banking book

For equity type securities in the banking book, risk weights are determined using the simple risk-weight approach, which differentiates by equity sub-asset types, such as exchange-traded and other equity exposures.

CR10 – Equity positions in the banking book under the simple risk-weight approach
end of	On-balance sheet amount	Off-balance sheet amount	Risk weight	Exposure amount	RWA
4Q21 (CHF million)
Exchange-traded equity exposures	1,004	0	300%	1,004	3,193
Other equity exposures	1,031	52	400%	915	3,878
Total	2,035	52	–	1,919	7,071
2Q21 (CHF million)
Exchange-traded equity exposures	1,083	0	300%	1,083	3,444
Other equity exposures	1,021	0	400%	1,021	4,328
Total	2,104	0	–	2,104	7,772
Equity investments in funds exposures of CHF 697 million are not included in the above table.

43

Counterparty credit risk

General

Counterparty exposure

CCR arises from over-the-counter (OTC) and exchange-traded derivatives, as well as SFTs, such as repurchase agreements, securities lending and borrowing and other similar products. CCR exposures depend on the value of underlying market factors, for example, interest rates and foreign exchange rates, which may be volatile.

Credit Suisse has received approval from FINMA to use the IMM for measuring CCR for the majority of the derivatives and the value-at-risk (VaR) model for SFTs.

> Refer to “Credit risk” (pages 151 to 154) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Risk management – Risk coverage and management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on counterparty credit risk, including transaction rating, credit approval process and provisioning.

> Refer to “Credit risk reporting” (page 12) in Credit risk – General for information on our counterparty risk reporting.

Credit limits

All credit exposure is approved, either through approval of an individual transaction/facility (e.g., lending facilities), or under a system of credit limits (e.g., OTC derivatives). Credit exposure is monitored daily to ensure it does not exceed the approved credit limit. Credit limits are set either on a potential exposure basis or on a notional exposure basis. Moreover, these limits are ultimately governed by the Group Risk Appetite Framework. Potential exposure means the possible future value that would be lost upon default of the counterparty on a particular future date, and is taken as a high percentile of a distribution of possible exposures computed by the internal exposure models. Secondary debt inventory positions are subject to separate limits that are set at the issuer level.

> Refer to “Credit risk” (pages 151 to 154) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Risk management – Risk coverage and management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on credit limits.

Central counterparties risk

The Basel III framework provides specific requirements for exposures the Group has to CCPs arising from OTC derivatives, exchange-traded derivative transactions and SFTs. Exposures to CCPs which are considered to be qualifying CCPs by the regulator will receive a preferential capital treatment compared to exposures to non-qualifying CCPs.

The Group can incur exposure to CCPs as either a clearing member, or clearing through another member. Qualifying CCPs are expected to be subject to best-practice risk management, and sound regulation and oversight to ensure that they reduce risk, both for their participants and for the financial system. Most CCPs are benchmarked against standards issued by the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems and the Technical Committee of the International Organization of Securities Commissions, herein collectively referred to as “CPSS-IOSCO”.

The exposures to CCP (represented as “Central counterparties (CCP) risks”) consist of trade exposure, default fund exposure and contingent exposure based on trade replacement due to a clearing member default. Trade exposure represents the current and potential future exposure of the clearing member (or a client) to a CCP arising from the underlying transaction and the initial margin posted to the CCP. Default fund exposure represents existing and potential future additional contributions to a CCPs default fund. Credit Risk Management performs credit assessment and annual review of the risk profile of CCPs as counterparties including an assessment of qualitative and quantitative factors. As part of its assessment, Credit Risk Management conducts periodic due diligence and in conjunction with General Counsel will make a determination whether (i) the CCP is a qualifying CCP and (ii) the collateral posted is considered bankruptcy remote. The determinations are subject to Credit Risk Management guidelines and include a review of collateral bankruptcy remoteness and verification that CCP collateral positions are held in custody with entities that employ account segregation and safekeeping procedures with internal controls that fully protect these securities. The determination is made in the context of “Authorization of CCP” (European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR), Article 14) and “Third Countries” (EMIR, Article 25). This information will be appropriately reflected in the risk weightings within the capital calculations.

The Group monitors its daily exposure to the CCP as part of its ongoing limit and exposure monitoring process.

> Refer to “Risk management objectives and policies for credit risk” (page 12) in Credit risk – General for further information.

Credit valuation adjustment risk

Credit valuation adjustment (CVA) is a regulatory capital charge designed to capture the risk associated with potential mark-to-market losses associated with the deterioration in the creditworthiness of a counterparty.

Under Basel III, banks are required to calculate capital charges for CVA under either the Standardized CVA approach or the Advanced CVA approach (ACVA). The CVA rules stipulate that where banks have permission to use market risk VaR and counterparty risk IMM, they are to use the ACVA unless their regulator decides otherwise. FINMA has confirmed that the ACVA should be used for both IMM and non-IMM exposures.

The regulatory CVA capital charge applies to all counterparty exposures arising from OTC derivatives, excluding those with CCP. Exposures arising from SFTs are not required to be included in the CVA charge unless they could give rise to a material loss. FINMA has confirmed that Credit Suisse can exclude these exposures from the regulatory capital charge.

Guarantees and other risk mitigants

> Refer to “Credit risk mitigation” (pages 16 to 17) in Credit risk for further information on policies relating to guarantees and other risk mitigants.

44

Wrong-way exposure

Wrong-way risk arises when Credit Suisse enters into a financial transaction in which exposure is adversely correlated to the creditworthiness of the counterparty. In a wrong-way situation, the exposure to the counterparty increases while the counterparty’s financial condition and its ability to pay on the transaction diminishes.

Exposure adjusted risk calculation

Regulatory guidance distinguishes two types of wrong-way risk, general and specific:

■ General wrong-way risk arises when the probability of default of counterparties is positively correlated with general market risk factors.

■ Specific wrong-way risk arises when the exposure to a particular counterparty is positively correlated with the probability of default of the counterparty due to the nature of the transactions with the counterparty.

Capturing wrong-way risk requires checking if there is a legal relationship or a correlation between the trade/collateral and the counterparty.

The management of wrong-way risk is integrated within Credit Suisse’s overall credit risk assessment approach and is subject to a framework for identification and treatment of wrong-way risk, which includes multiple processes, methodologies, governance, reporting, review and escalation. A conservative treatment for the purpose of calculating exposure profiles is applied to material trades with wrong-way risk features. The wrong-way risk framework applies to OTC, SFTs, loans and centrally cleared trades.

In instances where a material wrong-way risk has been identified, limit utilization and default capital are accordingly adjusted through more conservative exposure calculations. These adjustments cover both transactions and collateral and form part of the daily credit exposure calculation process, resulting in a higher utilization of the counterparty credit limit.

Regular reporting of wrong-way risk at both the individual trade and portfolio level allows wrong-way risk to be identified and corrective actions taken by Credit Risk Management. The Front Office is responsible as a first line of defense for identifying and escalating trades that could potentially give rise to wrong-way risk. Any material wrong-way risk at portfolio or trade level would be escalated to senior Credit Risk Management executives and risk committees.

Effect of a credit rating downgrade

On a daily basis, we monitor the level of incremental collateral that would be required by derivative counterparties in the event of a Credit Suisse ratings downgrade. Collateral triggers are maintained by our collateral management department and vary by counterparty.

> Refer to “Credit ratings” (pages 119 to 120) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Liquidity and funding management – Funding management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on the effect of a one, two or three notch downgrade as of December 31, 2021.

The impact of downgrades in the Bank’s long-term debt ratings are considered in the stress assumptions used to determine the conservative funding profile of our balance sheet and would not be material to our liquidity and funding needs.

45

Details of counterparty credit risk exposures

Analysis of counterparty credit risk exposure by approach

The following table presents a comprehensive view of the methods used to calculate CCR regulatory requirements and the main parameters used within each method.

CCR1 – Analysis of counterparty credit risk exposure by approach
end of	Re-placement cost	PFE	EEPE	Alpha used for computing regulatory EAD		EAD post-CRM	RWA
4Q21 (CHF million, except where indicated)
SA-CCR (for derivatives)	2,300	3,684	–	1.4		8,377	2,842
IMM (for derivatives)	–	–	14,750	1.6	1	23,572	6,691
Comprehensive Approach for CRM (for SFTs)	–	–	–	–		6	6
VaR for SFTs	–	–	–	–		21,163	4,782
Total	–	–	–	–		53,118	14,321
2Q21 (CHF million, except where indicated)
SA-CCR (for derivatives)	3,133	5,085	–	1.4		11,505	3,937
IMM (for derivatives)	–	–	17,080	1.6	1	27,213	8,338
VaR for SFTs	–	–	–	–		28,958	4,517
Total	–	–	–	–		67,676	16,792
1 Alpha factor is set equal to 1.0 in case of wrong way risk.

CVA capital charge

The following table presents the CVA regulatory calculations by advanced and standardized approaches.

RWA decreased CHF 1.6 billion to CHF 5.0 billion compared to the end of 2Q21, mainly driven by a decrease in exposures across counterparties in line with default risk.

CCR2 – CVA capital charge
	4Q21		2Q21
end of	EAD post-CRM	RWA	EAD post-CRM	RWA
CHF million
Total portfolios subject to the advanced CVA capital charge	30,024	5,046	37,166	6,651
of which VaR component (including the 3 x multiplier)	–	890	–	1,507
of which stressed VaR component (including the 3 x multiplier)	–	4,156	–	5,144
All portfolios subject to the standardized CVA capital charge	0	0	0	0
Total subject to the CVA capital charge	30,024	5,046	37,166	6,651
EAD post-CRM is disclosed as of the end of the period (end of day), whereas the RWA is an average as of the last 12 weeks.

46

CCR exposures by regulatory portfolio and risk weight – standardized approach

The following table presents a breakdown of CCR exposures by regulatory portfolio (type of counterparties) and by risk weight (riskiness attributed to the exposure according to the standardized approach).

CCR3 – CCR exposures by regulatory portfolio and risk weight - standardized approach
	Risk weight
end of	0%	20%	50%	75%	100%	150%	Exposures post-CCF and CRM
4Q21 (CHF million)
Sovereigns	335	0	0	0	18	0	353
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer	0	161	785	0	1	0	947
Institutions - Other institutions	0	0	205	0	0	0	205
Corporates	0	347	7	0	947	35	1,336
Retail	0	0	0	64	336	0	400
Other exposures	0	0	0	0	316	0	316
Total	335	508	997	64	1,618	35	3,557
2Q21 (CHF million)
Sovereigns	359	0	0	0	5	0	364
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer	0	203	294	0	7	0	504
Institutions - Other institutions	0	0	215	0	0	0	215
Corporates	0	705	7	0	1,461	51	2,224
Retail	0	0	0	71	145	0	216
Other exposures	0	0	0	0	760	0	760
Total	359	908	516	71	2,378	51	4,283

47

CCR exposures by portfolio and PD scale – IRB models

The following table presents all relevant parameters used for the calculation of CCR capital requirements for IRB models.

> Refer to “Rating models” (pages 24 to 25) in Credit risk – Credit risk under internal risk-based approaches for further information on key models used at the group-wide level, an explanation of how the scope of models was determined and the risk-weighted assets covered by the models shown for each of the regulatory portfolios.

CCR4 – CCR exposures by portfolio and PD scale - IRB models
end of 4Q21	EAD post- CRM	Average PD	Number of obligors (thousands)	Average LGD	Average maturity (years)	RWA	RWA density
Sovereigns (CHF million, except where indicated)
0.00% to <0.15%	1,636	0.03%	< 0.1	48%	0.5	92	6%
0.15% to <0.25%	0	0.22%	< 0.1	58%	1.0	0	44%
0.25% to <0.50%	155	0.37%	< 0.1	45%	0.7	66	42%
2.50% to <10.00%	91	3.86%	< 0.1	44%	0.8	112	122%
Sub-total	1,882	0.24%	< 0.1	48%	0.5	270	14%
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer
0.00% to <0.15%	11,467	0.06%	0.4	58%	0.6	2,136	19%
0.15% to <0.25%	409	0.22%	0.1	57%	0.7	197	48%
0.25% to <0.50%	357	0.37%	0.1	56%	0.6	230	64%
0.50% to <0.75%	58	0.64%	< 0.1	55%	0.7	42	72%
0.75% to <2.50%	278	1.80%	0.1	54%	0.3	330	119%
2.50% to <10.00%	88	4.33%	0.1	53%	0.6	141	160%
10.00% to <100.00%	2	24.90%	< 0.1	53%	1.0	7	284%
100.00% (Default)	0	100.00%	< 0.1	60%	1.0	0	100%
Sub-total	12,659	0.15%	0.8	58%	0.6	3,083	24%
Institutions - Other institutions
0.00% to <0.15%	99	0.04%	< 0.1	9%	0.6	2	2%
0.50% to <0.75%	0	0.72%	< 0.1	44%	1.0	0	65%
Sub-total	99	0.04%	< 0.1	9%	0.6	2	2%
Corporates - Specialized lending
0.25% to <0.50%	5	0.37%	< 0.1	50%	1.0	2	52%
0.50% to <0.75%	1	0.58%	< 0.1	50%	1.0	1	66%
0.75% to <2.50%	4	1.78%	< 0.1	48%	1.0	4	103%
2.50% to <10.00%	6	3.38%	< 0.1	50%	1.0	8	130%
Sub-total	16	1.88%	< 0.1	50%	1.0	15	96%

48

CCR4 – CCR exposures by portfolio and PD scale - IRB models (continued)
end of 4Q21	EAD post- CRM	Average PD	Number obligors (thousands)	Average LGD	Average maturity (years)	RWA	RWA density
Corporates without specialized lending (CHF million, except where indicated)
0.00% to <0.15%	25,294	0.05%	7.8	47%	0.5	2,867	11%
0.15% to <0.25%	1,690	0.22%	0.5	43%	0.8	534	32%
0.25% to <0.50%	1,218	0.37%	0.6	47%	0.8	633	52%
0.50% to <0.75%	395	0.63%	0.2	67%	0.5	382	97%
0.75% to <2.50%	1,188	1.65%	0.8	61%	0.6	1,617	136%
2.50% to <10.00%	746	5.32%	0.5	59%	0.8	2,018	271%
10.00% to <100.00%	7	15.76%	< 0.1	39%	0.9	15	201%
100.00% (Default)	5	100.00%	< 0.1	56%	0.7	5	106%
Sub-total	30,543	0.29%	10.4	48%	0.6	8,071	26%
Other retail
0.00% to <0.15%	3,217	0.04%	5.9	61%	0.8	230	7%
0.15% to <0.25%	908	0.22%	0.5	60%	1.1	252	28%
0.25% to <0.50%	107	0.34%	0.3	31%	0.9	21	19%
0.50% to <0.75%	13	0.59%	0.2	47%	0.7	5	39%
0.75% to <2.50%	52	1.93%	0.1	19%	4.0	13	26%
2.50% to <10.00%	13	3.73%	< 0.1	64%	0.9	13	98%
10.00% to <100.00%	0	19.31%	< 0.1	65%	1.0	0	151%
100.00% (Default)	0	100.00%	< 0.1	53%	1.0	0	106%
Sub-total	4,310	0.12%	7.1	60%	0.9	534	12%
Total (all portfolios)
0.00% to <0.15%	41,713	0.05%	14.2	51%	0.6	5,327	13%
0.15% to <0.25%	3,007	0.22%	1.1	50%	0.9	983	33%
0.25% to <0.50%	1,842	0.37%	1.0	48%	0.8	952	52%
0.50% to <0.75%	467	0.63%	0.5	65%	0.5	430	92%
0.75% to <2.50%	1,522	1.68%	1.0	58%	0.7	1,964	129%
2.50% to <10.00%	944	5.05%	0.6	57%	0.8	2,292	243%
10.00% to <100.00%	9	17.97%	< 0.1	42%	0.9	22	221%
100.00% (Default)	5	100.00%	< 0.1	56%	0.7	5	106%
Total (all portfolios)	49,509	0.24%	18.4	51%	0.6	11,975	24%

EAD post-CRM decreased CHF 13.8 billion to CHF 49.5 billion, compared to the end of 2Q21, primarily reflecting decreases in corporates without specialized lending as well as banks and securities dealers exposures.

49

CCR4 – CCR exposures by portfolio and PD scale - IRB models
end of 2Q21	EAD post- CRM	Average PD	Number of obligors (thousands)	Average LGD	Average maturity (years)	RWA	RWA density
Sovereigns (CHF million, except where indicated)
0.00% to <0.15%	2,066	0.03%	< 0.1	48%	0.4	107	5%
0.15% to <0.25%	0	0.22%	< 0.1	58%	1.0	0	44%
0.25% to <0.50%	111	0.37%	< 0.1	41%	1.0	47	43%
2.50% to <10.00%	126	3.27%	< 0.1	41%	1.0	138	109%
Sub-total	2,303	0.22%	< 0.1	47%	0.5	292	13%
Institutions - Banks and securities dealer
0.00% to <0.15%	14,344	0.06%	0.5	58%	0.7	2,823	20%
0.15% to <0.25%	429	0.22%	< 0.1	57%	0.8	207	48%
0.25% to <0.50%	471	0.37%	< 0.1	58%	0.4	285	61%
0.50% to <0.75%	53	0.64%	< 0.1	55%	0.7	37	72%
0.75% to <2.50%	218	1.69%	< 0.1	55%	0.4	246	113%
2.50% to <10.00%	105	5.30%	< 0.1	54%	0.7	182	173%
10.00% to <100.00%	19	28.06%	< 0.1	59%	1.0	64	329%
100.00% (Default)	0	100.00%	< 0.1	60%	1.0	0	100%
Sub-total	15,639	0.17%	0.8	58%	0.7	3,844	25%
Institutions - Other institutions
0.00% to <0.15%	149	0.05%	< 0.1	9%	0.5	4	3%
0.50% to <0.75%	0	0.72%	< 0.1	44%	1.0	0	65%
Sub-total	149	0.05%	< 0.1	9%	0.5	4	3%
Corporates - Specialized lending
0.25% to <0.50%	9	0.37%	< 0.1	7%	1.0	1	8%
0.50% to <0.75%	2	0.58%	< 0.1	50%	1.0	2	66%
0.75% to <2.50%	1	1.24%	< 0.1	50%	1.0	1	90%
2.50% to <10.00%	14	4.26%	< 0.1	49%	1.0	19	137%
Sub-total	26	2.43%	< 0.1	35%	1.0	23	84%

50

CCR4 – CCR exposures by portfolio and PD scale - IRB models (continued)
end of 2Q21	EAD post- CRM	Average PD	Number of obligors (thousands)	Average LGD	Average maturity (years)	RWA	RWA density
Corporates without specialized lending (CHF million, except where indicated)
0.00% to <0.15%	35,073	0.05%	8.6	47%	0.5	3,808	11%
0.15% to <0.25%	1,906	0.21%	0.6	46%	0.8	673	35%
0.25% to <0.50%	1,182	0.37%	0.6	53%	0.8	652	55%
0.50% to <0.75%	315	0.63%	0.3	61%	0.6	275	87%
0.75% to <2.50%	1,347	1.58%	0.9	63%	0.8	1,894	141%
2.50% to <10.00%	916	5.75%	0.5	46%	1.0	1,776	194%
10.00% to <100.00%	13	16.44%	< 0.1	34%	1.0	23	179%
100.00% (Default)	15	100.00%	< 0.1	39%	1.0	16	106%
Sub-total	40,767	0.29%	11.6	48%	0.5	9,117	22%
Other retail
0.00% to <0.15%	3,717	0.04%	6.4	61%	0.9	258	7%
0.15% to <0.25%	301	0.18%	0.5	57%	1.0	67	22%
0.25% to <0.50%	132	0.33%	0.3	30%	1.0	25	19%
0.50% to <0.75%	102	0.58%	0.3	62%	1.0	53	51%
0.75% to <2.50%	74	1.82%	0.1	21%	3.4	19	26%
2.50% to <10.00%	126	4.12%	< 0.1	59%	1.4	113	90%
10.00% to <100.00%	1	19.04%	< 0.1	20%	0.2	0	45%
100.00% (Default)	0	100.00%	< 0.1	53%	1.0	0	109%
Sub-total	4,453	0.22%	7.7	59%	1.0	535	12%
Total (all portfolios)
0.00% to <0.15%	55,349	0.05%	15.5	51%	0.6	7,000	13%
0.15% to <0.25%	2,636	0.21%	1.2	49%	0.9	947	36%
0.25% to <0.50%	1,905	0.37%	1.0	52%	0.7	1,010	53%
0.50% to <0.75%	472	0.62%	0.6	61%	0.7	367	78%
0.75% to <2.50%	1,640	1.61%	1.1	60%	0.8	2,160	132%
2.50% to <10.00%	1,287	5.30%	0.7	48%	1.0	2,228	173%
10.00% to <100.00%	33	23.33%	< 0.1	49%	1.0	87	263%
100.00% (Default)	15	100.00%	< 0.1	39%	1.0	16	106%
Total (all portfolios)	63,337	0.25%	20.2	51%	0.6	13,815	22%

51

Composition of collateral for CCR exposure

The following table presents a breakdown of all types of collateral posted or received by banks to support or reduce CCR exposures related to derivative transactions or SFTs, including transactions cleared through CCPs. For disclosure purposes, the collateral values are presented as the market value of the collateral without any adjustments for haircuts.

CCR5 – Composition of collateral for CCR exposure
	Collateral used in derivative transactions							Collateral used in SFTs
	Fair value of collateral received			Fair value of posted collateral				Fair value of collateral received		Fair value of posted collateral
end of	Segregated	Un- segregated	Total	Segregated	1	Un- segregated	Total
4Q21 (CHF million)
Cash - domestic currency	0	6,792	6,792	0		881	881	356		5,528
Cash - other currencies	0	40,953	40,953	324		39,045	39,369	67,077		99,417
Domestic sovereign debt	0	71	71	0		0	0	1,388		20
Other sovereign debt	0	20,944	20,944	5,184		14,702	19,886	118,452		58,342
Government agency debt	0	74	74	0		28	28	662		1,813
Corporate bonds	0	10,678	10,678	0		333	333	39,211		21,833
Equity securities	0	22,945	22,945	1,031		1,475	2,506	78,434	2	29,005	2
Other collateral	0	3,908	3,908	0		5	5	25,678		14,638
Total	0	106,365	106,365	6,539		56,469	63,008	331,258		230,596
2Q21 (CHF million)  3
Cash - domestic currency	0	8,237	8,237	0		1,132	1,132	342		6,332
Cash - other currencies	0	45,677	45,677	678		50,589	51,267	82,205		105,819
Domestic sovereign debt	0	50	50	0		0	0	2,920		38
Other sovereign debt	0	19,999	19,999	5,041		13,154	18,195	129,404		75,975
Government agency debt	0	130	130	0		24	24	1,409		2,742
Corporate bonds	0	10,924	10,924	0		311	311	52,000		26,333
Equity securities	0	28,309	28,309	919		1,499	2,418	170,262	2	40,744	2
Other collateral	0	3,809	3,809	5		45	50	29,829		14,835
Total	0	117,135	117,135	6,643		66,754	73,397	468,371		272,818
1 Includes collateral provided in cleared derivative transactions that is held in a bankruptcy remote manner by a custodian. Collateral posted to a custodian in bilateral OTC trades is shown as unsegregated.
2 The equity prime brokerage business consists of clients acquiring long and short positions in the market in a Credit Suisse account along with the appropriate margins. In the case of a counterparty default, Credit Suisse gains control over the long positions and are free to sell them to cover the exposure and the long positions are thus considered as "collateral received". On the other hand, the short positions are considered as "trades" and are not reported in the disclosure as "posted collateral".
3 Reflects an update of the dataset, primarily related to the revised reporting of agency lending transactions. Prior period has been revised.

52

Credit derivatives exposures

We enter into derivative contracts in the normal course of business for market making, positioning and arbitrage purposes, as well as for our own risk management needs, including mitigation of interest rate, foreign currency and credit risk. Derivative exposure also includes economic hedges where the Group enters into derivative contracts for its own risk management purposes, but where the contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting under US GAAP. Derivative exposures are calculated according to regulatory methods, using either the current exposures method or approved IMM. These regulatory methods take into account potential future movements and as a result generate risk exposures that are greater than the net replacement values disclosed for US GAAP.

As of the end of 4Q21, no credit derivatives were utilized that qualify for hedge accounting under US GAAP.

> Refer to “Derivative instruments” (pages 171 to 173) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Risk management – Risk portfolio analysis in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on derivative instruments, including counterparties and their creditworthiness.

> Refer to “Note 33 – Derivatives and hedging activities” (pages 363 to 369) in VI – Consolidated financial statements – Credit Suisse Group in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on the fair value of derivative instruments and the distribution of current credit exposures by types of credit exposures.

> Refer to “Note 28 – Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities” (pages 338 to 341) in VI – Consolidated financial statements – Credit Suisse Group in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on netting benefits, netted current credit exposures, collateral held and net derivatives credit exposure.

The following table presents the extent of the Group’s exposures to credit derivative transactions as protection bought or sold.

CCR6 – Credit derivatives exposures
	4Q21		2Q21
end of	Protection bought	Protection sold	Protection bought	Protection sold
Notionals (CHF billion)
Single-name CDS	102.9	94.0	108.1	90.5
Index CDS	139.4	119.9	179.6	154.6
Total return swaps	6.7	5.3	7.8	6.5
Credit options	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other credit derivatives	40.3	33.6	49.9	34.4
of which credit default swaptions	40.3	33.6	49.9	34.4
Total notionals	289.3	252.8	345.5	286.0
Fair values (CHF billion)
Positive fair value (asset)	2.0	3.8	2.3	3.4
Negative fair value (liability)	5.4	2.0	5.5	1.9
Includes the client leg of cleared credit derivatives.

RWA flow statements of CCR exposures under IMM

The following table presents the 4Q21 flow statement explaining changes in CCR RWA determined under the IMM for CCR (derivatives and SFTs).

CCR7 – Risk-weighted assets flow statements of CCR exposures under IMM
	4Q21
CHF million
Risk-weighted assets at beginning of period	12,453
Asset size	(1,804)
Credit quality of counterparties	(7)
Model and parameter updates	1,172
Foreign exchange impact	(278)
Risk-weighted assets at end of period	11,536

> Refer to “RWA flow statement of credit risk exposures under IRB” (pages 36 to 37) in Credit risk for definitions of the RWA flow statements components.

CCR RWA under IMM decreased CHF 0.9 billion to CHF 11.5 billion compared to the end of 3Q21. The decrease was primarily driven by decreases in asset size risk levels on the back of reduced OTC derivatives, exchange traded derivatives and securities financing business as well as the negative foreign exchange impact. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in model and parameters updates mainly driven by spike in strategic enhance factors for equity variance swap trades and correction of trading/banking book flag for SFTs.

Exposures to central counterparties

The following table presents a comprehensive picture of the Group’s exposure to CCPs.

CCR8 – Exposures to central counterparties
	4Q21		2Q21
end of	EAD (post-CRM)	RWA	EAD (post-CRM)	RWA
CHF million
QCCPs
Exposures for trades at QCCPs	16,101	350	18,477	397
of which OTC derivatives	7,674	182	10,301	233
of which exchange-traded    derivatives	7,723	154	6,838	137
of which SFTs	704	14	1,338	27
Segregated initial margin	2,428	–	2,737	–
Pre-funded default fund contributions	3,583	949	3,908	1,085
Total exposures to QCCPs	–	1,299	–	1,482
Non-QCCPs
Pre-funded default fund contributions	2	20	2	20
Total exposures to non-QCCPs	–	20	–	20
1 Exposures associated with initial margin, where the exposures are measured under the IMM/SA-CCR, have been included within the exposures for trades.

53

Securitization

General

The following disclosures, which also considers the “Industry good practice guidelines on Pillar 3 disclosure requirements for securitization”, refer to traditional and synthetic securitizations held in the banking and trading book and regulatory capital on these exposures calculated according to the Basel framework for securitizations.

> Refer to “Note 35 – Transfers of financial assets and variable interest entities” (pages 373 to 382) in VI – Consolidated financial statements – Credit Suisse Group in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on securitization, the various roles, the use of SPEs, the involvement of the Group in consolidated and non-consolidated SPEs, the accounting policies for securitization activities and methods and key assumptions applied in valuing positions retained/purchased and gains/losses relating to RMBS and CMBS securitization activity in 2021.

A traditional securitization is a structure where an underlying pool of assets is sold to an SPE which pays for the assets by issuing tranched securities collateralized by the underlying asset pool. A synthetic securitization is a tranched structure where the credit risk of an underlying pool of assets is transferred, in whole or in part, through the use of credit derivatives or guarantees that may serve to hedge the credit risk of the portfolio. Many synthetic securitizations are not accounted for as securitizations under US GAAP. In both traditional and synthetic securitizations, risk is dependent on the seniority of the retained interest and the performance of the underlying asset pool.

Roles and activities in connection with securitization

Securitization in the banking book

The Group is active in various roles in connection with securitization, including originator, investor and sponsor. As originator, the Group creates or purchases financial assets (e.g., commercial mortgages or corporate loans) and then securitizes them in a traditional or synthetic transaction that achieves significant risk transfer to third party investors. The Group acts as liquidity provider to Alpine Securitization Ltd. (Alpine), a multi-seller commercial paper conduit administered by Credit Suisse and also provides liquidity to three Asset Backed Commercial Paper programs managed by third party administrators.

In addition, the Group invests in securitization-related products created by third parties.

The Group has both securitization and re-securitization transactions in the trading and banking book referencing different types of underlying assets including real estate loans (commercial and residential).

Securitization in the trading book

Within its mortgage business there are four key roles that the Group undertakes within securitization markets: issuer, underwriter, market maker and financing counterparty. The Group holds one of the top trading franchises in market making in all major securitized product types and is a top issuer and underwriter in the re-securitization market in the US as well as being one of the top underwriters in asset-backed securities (ABS) and residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) securitization in the US. Since the last quarter of 2019, the Group has not held eligible correlation trading positions.

The Group’s key objective in relation to trading book securitization is to meet clients’ investment and divestment needs by making markets in securitized products across all major collateral types, including residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, asset finance (i.e. auto loans, credit card receivables, etc.) and corporate loans. The Group focuses on opportunities to intermediate transfers of risk between sellers and buyers.

The Group is also active in new issue securitization and re-securitization. The Group’s Securitized Products Finance team provides short-term secured warehouse financing to clients who originate credit card, auto loan, and other receivables, and the Group sells asset-backed securities collateralized by these receivables to provide its clients long-term financing that matches the lives of their assets.

At times, the Group purchases loans and bonds for the purpose of securitization and sells these assets to SPEs which in turn issue new securities. Re-securitizations of previously issued mortgage-backed securities (typically RMBS) securities occur when certificates issued out of an existing securitization vehicle are sold into a newly created and separate securitization vehicle.

Risks assumed and retained

Key risks retained while securities or loans remain in inventory are related to the performance of the underlying assets (residential real estate loans, commercial loans, credit card loans, etc.) and to movements in spreads. These risks are summarized in the securitization pool level attributes: PD of underlying loans (default rate), the severity of loss and prepayment speeds. The transactions may also be exposed to general market risk, credit spread and counterparty credit risk.

The Group maintains models for both government-guaranteed and private label mortgage products. These models project the above risk drivers based on market interest rates and volatility as well as macro-economic variables such as housing price index, projected GDP and inflation, unemployment etc.

In its role as a market maker, the Group actively trades in and out of positions. Both Front Office and Risk Management continuously monitor liquidity risk as reflected in trading spreads and trading volumes. To address liquidity concerns a specific set of limits on the size of aged positions are in place for the securitized positions we hold.

The Group classifies securities within the transactions by the nature of the collateral (residential, commercial, ABS, collateralized loan obligations, etc.) and the seniority each security has in the capital structure (i.e. senior, mezzanine, subordinate etc.), which in turn will be reflected in the transaction risk assessment.

54

Risk Management monitors portfolio composition by capital structure and collateral type on a daily basis with subordinate exposure and each collateral type subject to separate risk limits and risk flags. In addition, the Group’s internal risk methodology is designed such that risk charges are based on the place the particular security holds in the capital structure, the less senior the bond the higher the risk charges.

For re-securitization risk, the Group’s risk management models take a ‘look through’ approach where they model the behavior of the underlying securities or constituent counterparties based on their own particular collateral and then transmit that to the re-securitized position. No additional risk factors are considered within the re-securitization portfolios in addition to those identified and measured within securitization risk.

With respect to both the wind-down corporate correlation trading portfolio and the on-going transactions the key risks that need to be managed includes default risk, counterparty credit risk, correlation risk and cross effects between spread and correlation. The impacts of liquidity risk for securitization products is embedded within the firm’s historical simulation model through the incorporation of market data from stressed periods, and in the scenario framework through the calibration of price shocks to the same period.

Both correlation and first-to-default are valued using a correlation model which uses the market implied correlation and detailed market data such as constituent spread term structure and constituent recovery. The risks embedded in securitization and re-securitizations are similar and include spread risk, recovery risk, default risk and correlation risk. The risks for different seniority of tranches will be reflected in the tranche price sensitivities to each constituent in the pools. The complexity of the correlation portfolio’s risk lies in the level of convexity and cross risk inherent, for example, the risks to large spread moves and the risks to spread and correlation moving together. The risk limit framework is carefully designed to address the key risks for the correlation trading portfolio.

Monitoring of changes in credit and market risk of securitization exposures

The Group has in place a comprehensive risk management process whereby the Front Office and Risk Management work together to monitor positions and position changes, portfolio structure and trading activity and calculate a set of risk measures on a daily basis using risk sensitivities and exposures.

For the mortgage business the Group also uses monthly remittance reports (available from public sources) to get up to date information on collateral performance (delinquencies, defaults, pre-payment etc.). Monthly or quarterly reports (sourced directly from the originator or sponsor of the securitization) are used to monitor performance of most banking book securitizations.

Risk Management has also put in place a set of key risk limits for the purpose of managing the Group’s risk appetite framework in relation to securitizations/re-securitizations. These limits will cover exposure measures, risk sensitivities, VaR and capital measures with the majority monitored on a daily basis. In addition within the Group’s risk management framework an extensive scenario analysis framework is in place whereby all underlying risk factors are stressed to determine portfolio sensitivity.

Re-securitized products in the mortgage business go through the same risk management process but looking through the structures with the focus on the risk of the underlying securities or constituent names.

Retained banking book exposures for mortgage, ABS, commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) and collateralized debt obligation transactions are risk managed on the same basis as similar trading book transactions.

Risk mitigation

In addition to the strict exposure limits noted above, the Group uses a number of different risk mitigation approaches to manage risk appetite for securitization and re-securitization exposures. Where true counterparty credit risk exposure is identified for a particular transaction, there is a requirement for it to be approved through normal credit risk management processes with collateral taken as required. The Group also may use various proxies including corporate single name and index hedges and equity hedges to mitigate the price and spread risks to which it is exposed. Hedging decisions are made by the trading desk based on current market conditions and will be made in consultation with Risk Management. Trades that are unusual and material trades are required to be reviewed and approved under the Group’s Pre-Trade Approval governance process. International investment banks are the main counterparties to the hedges that are used across these business areas.

Affiliated entities

In the normal course of business it is possible for the Group’s managed separate account portfolios and the Group’s controlled investment entities, such as mutual funds, fund of funds, private equity funds and other fund linked products to invest in the securities issued by other vehicles sponsored by the Group engaged in securitization and re-securitization activities. To address potential conflicts, standards governing investments in affiliated products and funds have been adopted.

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Regulatory capital treatment of securitization structures

Banking book securitization

For banking book securitizations, the regulatory capital requirements are calculated since January 2018 with the following approaches: the Securitization Internal Ratings-Based Approach (SEC-IRBA), the Securitization External Ratings-Based Approach (SEC-ERBA), or the Securitization Standardized Approach (SEC-SA). External ratings used in regulatory capital calculations for securitization risk exposures in the banking book are obtained from Fitch, Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Dominion Bond Rating Service.

Trading book securitization

We use the standardized measurement method (SMM) which is based on the ratings-based approach and the supervisory formula approach for securitization purposes and other supervisory approaches for trading book securitization positions covering the approach for nth-to-default products and portfolios covered by the weighted average risk weight approach.

Securitization exposures in the banking book

Securitization exposures presented in the following table represent the EAD.

SEC1 – Securitization exposures in the banking book
	Bank acts as originator			Bank acts as sponsor			Bank acts as investor
end of	Traditional	Synthetic	Total	Traditional	Synthetic	Total	Traditional	Synthetic	Total
4Q21 (CHF million)
Residential mortgages	120	408	528	0	0	0	2,332	0	2,332
Credit cards	0	0	0	1,002	0	1,002	874	0	874
Other retail exposures	325	309	634	3,067	0	3,067	2,611	0	2,611
Re-securitization	14	0	14	0	0	0	23	0	23
Total retail	459	717	1,176	4,069	0	4,069	5,840	0	5,840
Loans to corporates	0	26,801	26,801	632	0	632	3,276	0	3,276
Commercial mortgages	0	12,267	12,267	0	0	0	839	0	839
Lease and receivables	0	1,096	1,096	1,952	0	1,952	2,019	0	2,019
Other wholesale	826	0	826	827	0	827	1,371	0	1,371
Total wholesale	826	40,164	40,990	3,411	0	3,411	7,505	0	7,505
Total	1,285	40,881	42,166	7,480	0	7,480	13,345	0	13,345
2Q21 (CHF million)  1
Residential mortgages	135	950	1,085	0	0	0	1,793	0	1,793
Credit cards	0	0	0	861	0	861	776	0	776
Other retail exposures	310	183	493	2,627	0	2,627	3,530	0	3,530
Re-securitization	19	0	19	0	0	0	48	0	48
Total retail	464	1,133	1,597	3,488	0	3,488	6,147	0	6,147
Loans to corporates	0	27,616	27,616	1,247	0	1,247	2,887	0	2,887
Commercial mortgages	49	12,568	12,617	0	0	0	947	0	947
Lease and receivables	0	0	0	1,289	0	1,289	871	0	871
Other wholesale	936	0	936	1,149	0	1,149	1,566	0	1,566
Total wholesale	985	40,184	41,169	3,685	0	3,685	6,271	0	6,271
Total	1,449	41,317	42,766	7,173	0	7,173	12,418	0	12,418
1 Prior period has been revised.

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Securitization exposures in the trading book

SEC2 – Securitization exposures in the trading book
	Bank acts as originator			Bank acts as sponsor			Bank acts as investor
end of	Traditional	Synthetic	Total	Traditional	Synthetic	Total	Traditional	Synthetic	Total
4Q21 (CHF million)
Residential mortgages	23	0	23	0	0	0	1,120	0	1,120
Other retail exposures	0	0	0	0	0	0	209	0	209
Re-securitization	18	0	18	0	0	0	122	37	159
Total retail	41	0	41	0	0	0	1,451	37	1,488
Loans to corporates	0	0	0	0	0	0	186	0	186
Commercial mortgages	96	0	96	0	0	0	359	0	359
Re-securitization	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	17	17
Total wholesale	96	0	96	0	0	0	545	17	562
Total	137	0	137	0	0	0	1,996	54	2,050
2Q21 (CHF million)  1
Residential mortgages	6	0	6	0	0	0	1,508	0	1,508
Credit cards	0	0	0	0	0	0	33	0	33
Other retail exposures	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	0	115
Re-securitization	0	16	16	0	0	0	72	30	102
Total retail	6	16	22	0	0	0	1,728	30	1,758
Loans to corporates	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	0	275
Commercial mortgages	124	0	124	0	0	0	768	0	768
Lease and receivables	0	0	0	0	0	0	379	0	379
Re-securitization	0	1	1	0	0	0	3	27	30
Total wholesale	124	1	125	0	0	0	1,425	27	1,452
Total	130	17	147	0	0	0	3,153	57	3,210
1 Prior period has been revised.

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Calculation of capital requirements

The following tables present the securitization exposures in the banking book and the associated regulatory capital requirements.

> Refer to “Market risk under standardized approach” (page 62) in Market risk for capital charges related to securitization positions in the trading book.

SEC3 – Securitization exposures in the banking book and associated regulatory capital requirements - Credit Suisse acting as originator or as sponsor
	Exposure value (by RW band)					Exposure value (by regulatory approach)				RWA (by regulatory approach)				Capital charge after cap
end of	<=20% RW	>20% to 50% RW	>50% to 100% RW	>100% to <1250% RW	1250% RW	SEC-IRBA	SEC-ERBA	SEC-SA	1250% RW	SEC-IRBA	SEC-ERBA	SEC-SA	1250% RW	SEC-IRBA	SEC-ERBA	SEC-SA	1250% RW
4Q21 (CHF million)
Total exposures	44,428	4,083	868	263	4	41,014	959	7,669	4	7,688	1,259	1,858	44	586	70	148	4
Traditional securitization	5,432	2,476	641	212	4	826	959	6,976	4	650	1,259	1,707	44	23	70	136	4
of which securitization	5,432	2,476	629	210	4	826	959	6,962	4	650	1,259	1,689	44	23	70	135	4
of which retail underlying	3,623	691	130	66	4	0	681	3,829	4	0	689	713	44	0	24	57	4
of which wholesale	1,809	1,785	499	144	0	826	278	3,133	0	650	570	976	0	23	46	78	0
of which re-securitization	0	0	12	2	0	0	0	14	0	0	0	18	0	0	0	1	0
of which senior	0	0	9	0	0	0	0	9	0	0	0	9	0	0	0	0	0
of which non-senior	0	0	3	2	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	9	0	0	0	1	0
Synthetic securitization	38,996	1,607	227	51	0	40,188	0	693	0	7,038	0	151	0	563	0	12	0
of which securitization	38,996	1,607	227	51	0	40,188	0	693	0	7,038	0	151	0	563	0	12	0
of which retail underlying	607	106	2	2	0	717	0	0	0	146	0	0	0	12	0	0	0
of which wholesale	38,389	1,501	225	49	0	39,471	0	693	0	6,892	0	151	0	551	0	12	0
2Q21 (CHF million)
Total exposures	43,891	3,859	1,223	927	39	41,696	701	7,503	39	7,862	953	2,519	485	608	62	181	39
Traditional securitization	4,576	2,074	1,055	878	39	936	701	6,946	39	529	953	2,319	485	21	62	165	39
of which securitization	4,576	2,074	1,055	878	20	936	701	6,946	20	529	953	2,319	248	21	62	165	20
of which retail underlying	3,157	538	146	83	9	0	430	3,494	9	0	400	898	115	0	18	52	9
of which wholesale	1,419	1,536	909	795	11	936	271	3,452	11	529	553	1,421	133	21	44	113	11
of which re-securitization	0	0	0	0	19	0	0	0	19	0	0	0	237	0	0	0	19
of which senior	0	0	0	0	13	0	0	0	13	0	0	0	161	0	0	0	13
of which non-senior	0	0	0	0	6	0	0	0	6	0	0	0	76	0	0	0	6
Synthetic securitization	39,315	1,785	168	49	0	40,760	0	557	0	7,333	0	200	0	587	0	16	0
of which securitization	39,315	1,785	168	49	0	40,760	0	557	0	7,333	0	200	0	587	0	16	0
of which retail underlying	1,073	58	1	1	0	1,133	0	0	0	220	0	0	0	18	0	0	0
of which wholesale	38,242	1,727	167	48	0	39,627	0	557	0	7,113	0	200	0	569	0	16	0

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SEC4 – Securitization exposures in the banking book and associated regulatory capital requirements - Credit Suisse acting as investor
	Exposure value (by RW band)					Exposure value (by regulatory approach)				RWA (by regulatory approach)				Capital charge after cap
end of	<=20% RW	>20% to 50% RW	>50% to 100% RW	>100% to <1250% RW	1250% RW	SEC-IRBA	SEC-ERBA	SEC-SA	1250% RW	SEC-IRBA	SEC-ERBA	SEC-SA	1250% RW	SEC-IRBA	SEC-ERBA	SEC-SA	1250% RW
4Q21 (CHF million)
Total exposures	9,930	2,469	757	175	14	2,738	630	9,963	14	411	315	2,608	250	33	25	186	20
Traditional securitization	9,930	2,469	757	175	14	2,738	630	9,963	14	411	315	2,608	250	33	25	186	20
of which securitization	9,930	2,469	757	152	14	2,738	630	9,940	14	411	315	2,577	250	33	25	184	20
of which retail underlying	3,757	1,466	488	106	0	0	246	5,571	0	0	159	1,576	0	0	13	109	0
of which wholesale	6,173	1,003	269	46	14	2,738	384	4,369	14	411	156	1,001	250	33	12	75	20
of which re-securitization	0	0	0	23	0	0	0	23	0	0	0	31	0	0	0	2	0
of which senior	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
of which non-senior	0	0	0	23	0	0	0	23	0	0	0	31	0	0	0	2	0
2Q21 (CHF million)  1
Total exposures	8,643	2,510	946	319	0	2,251	771	9,396	0	338	415	2,656	3	27	33	199	0
Traditional securitization	8,643	2,510	946	319	0	2,251	771	9,396	0	338	415	2,656	3	27	33	199	0
of which securitization	8,643	2,510	946	271	0	2,251	771	9,348	0	338	415	2,599	0	27	33	194	0
of which retail underlying	4,163	1,605	128	203	0	0	285	5,814	0	0	200	1,393	0	0	16	107	0
of which wholesale	4,480	905	818	68	0	2,251	486	3,534	0	338	215	1,206	0	27	17	87	0
of which re-securitization	0	0	0	48	0	0	0	48	0	0	0	57	3	0	0	5	0
of which senior	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0
of which non-senior	0	0	0	48	0	0	0	48	0	0	0	57	0	0	0	5	0
1 Prior period has been revised.

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Market risk

General

We use the advanced approach for calculating the market risk capital requirements for majority of our market risk exposures. As of December 31, 2021, 90% of our market risk RWA was computed using internal models. In line with regulatory requirements, the SMM is used for the specific risk of securitized exposures.

> Refer to “Regulatory capital treatment of securitization structures” (page 56) in Securitization – General for further information on the standardized measurement method and other supervisory approaches.

Risk management objectives and policies for market risk

> Refer to “Market risk” (pages 154 to 158) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Risk management – Risk coverage and management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for information on our risk management objectives and policies for market risk.

> Refer to “Note 1 – Summary of significant accounting policies – Derivatives” (pages 294 to 295) and “Note 33 – Derivatives and hedging activities” (pages 363 to 369) in VI – Consolidated financial statements – Credit Suisse Group in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on policies for hedging risk and strategies/processes for monitoring the continuing effectiveness of hedges.

Market risk reporting

Market risk reporting is performed on a daily, weekly and monthly basis across various levels of the organization, including the Group, its legal entities and the business divisions. The audience of these reports includes senior management within CRO, the Front Office and the Board of Directors.

Market risk under standardized approach

The following table shows the components of RWA under the standardized approach for market risk. In line with regulatory requirements, the standardized measurement method is used for the specific risk of securitized exposures.

MR1 – Market risk under standardized approach
end of	4Q21	2Q21
Risk-weighted assets (CHF million)
Securitization	1,648	1,593
Total risk-weighted assets	1,648	1,593

Market risk under internal model approach

General

The market risk internal model approach (IMA) framework includes regulatory VaR, stressed VaR, risks not in VaR (RNIV), its stressed equivalent (SRNIV) and Incremental Risk Charge (IRC). There is no Comprehensive Risk Measure as the Group does not hold eligible correlation trading positions.

The following table shows the main characteristics of the different models.

MRB - Internal model approach - overview
	Regulatory VaR	Stressed VaR	IRC
Method applied	Historical simulation	Historical simulation	Portfolio loss simulation
Data set	2 years	1 Year	–
Holding period	10 days (overlapping)	10 days (overlapping)	One-year liquidity horizon
Confidence level	99% equivalent	99% equivalent	99.9%
Population	Regulatory trading book (where applicable, foreign exchange and commodity risks in the regulatory banking book are added)	Regulatory trading book (where applicable, foreign exchange and commodity risks in the regulatory banking book are added)	Regulatory trading book subject to issuer default and migration risk (excl. securitizations and correlation trades)

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The following table shows a breakdown of RWA covered by each of the models.

MRB - IMA - Risk-weighted assets
end of 4Q21	CHF billion	in %
Risk-weighted assets
Regulatory VaR	4.1	28
Stressed VaR	4.8	33
RNIV	3.7	25
IRC	2.1	14
Total risk-weighted assets	14.7	100

Regulatory VaR, stressed VaR and risks not in VaR

The regulatory VaR and stressed VaR models primarily cover the activities of Credit Suisse’s business units that are held within trading books. The models are predominantly based on the industry standard historical simulation approach. They include risk types covering equity, currency, interest rate, commodity and credit spread risks. The models are also used to capture foreign exchange and commodity risk within banking books where required by the regulator.

The objective of Credit Suisse is to ensure the greatest consistency possible between the model used for the Group and the one used for subsidiaries and other legal entities. The model used in all instances is based on the same historical simulation approach, but its’ precise configuration and inclusion of risk types may differ for a variety of reasons. These include timing differences in receiving the necessary regulatory approvals (in which case the differences may be temporary) or different supervisory requirements or interpretations (in which case the differences may be expected to remain).

The Group model is used for Credit Suisse AG (consolidated and parent company), Credit Suisse (Schweiz) AG and Credit Suisse (Hong Kong) Ltd. The model used for Credit Suisse Holdings (USA), Credit Suisse Capital LLC, Credit Suisse International and Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Limited is similar but is based on a one-tailed percentile rather than expected shortfall.

The market data in the model is updated on an at least weekly basis. An expected shortfall measure is used and calibrated to be equivalent to a 99% confidence level and 10-day holding period. The 10-day holding period is calculated using 10-day overlapping historical returns. The model uses a two-year lookback window and an exponential weighting scheme with a time decay factor of 0.994 to ensure responsiveness to shifts in market environments.

The risk management VaR model for the Group is similar to the regulatory VaR model with a few differences. Certain positions excluded from regulatory and stressed VaR can be included for risk management purposes, such as specific risk from securitization positions and certain banking book exposures. The holding period for risk management VaR is 1 day. The tail measure for risk management is calibrated to be equivalent to a 98% confidence level rather than the regulatory 99%.

The methods used to simulate the potential movements, i.e. the historical scenarios, in risk factors are primarily dependent on the risk types. For risk types pertaining to equity prices, foreign exchange rates and volatilities, the scenarios are modelled as a function of proportional historical moves. For certain spread risks, the scenarios are modelled as a function of absolute historical moves. For some risk types, such as swap spreads and emerging markets credit spreads, a mixed approach is used. The P&L vectors are generated by applying the historical scenarios to a variety of exposure measures; Taylor Series approximations, partial revaluation ladders and grids as well as full revaluation, depending on the complexity and linearity of the underlying risks.

The stressed VaR model for the Group and its entities uses 10 day historical scenarios calculated within a 1 year historical stressed observation period with no exponential weighting applied, except for Credit Suisse Holdings (USA) where stressed VaR uses regulatory VaR time weighting parameters. The underlying risk types are simulated using the same approaches as for regulatory VaR. The 1-year period of stress is assessed on a monthly basis by calculating stressed VaR for a range of alternative 1-year periods taking into account recent portfolio compositions.

The Group has IMA permission for modelling both general market and specific risk of debt and equity instruments. There are two approaches used to model general and specific risk:

■ Full simulation approach: This approach uses an individual risk factor for each security. Therefore, for each security, this approach incorporates both specific risk and general risk within the same risk factor.

■ Regression approach: This approach uses a common risk factor across related securities in conjunction with additional specific risk add-ons for each security. This modelling approach segregates historical price variations into general and specific risk components.

Under the full simulation approach, scenario P&Ls incorporating both specific and general risk are aggregated in the historical simulation VaR via individual risk factor time series. Under the regression approach, scenario P&Ls corresponding to general risk are aggregated in the historical simulation VaR, while for each specific risk, a VaR is calculated by applying either a 1st or a 99th percentile historical move (depending on the direction of the position). Specific risk VaR components are then aggregated with historical simulation VaR under a zero correlation assumption (square root sum of squares).

In addition to the regulatory VaR and stressed VaR models, Credit Suisse operates a RNIV framework. This is applied to the same activities as the VaR/stressed VaR model but covers risk types that are not included in the internal model due, for example, to a lack of historical data or other model constraints. The purpose of

63

the RNIV framework is to ensure that capital is held to meet all risks which are not captured, or not captured adequately, by the firm’s VaR and stressed VaR models. These include, but are not limited to risk factors such as cross-risks and higher-order risks.

The performance of our internal models is regularly monitored and discussed at internal risk governance committees which review the regulatory backtesting results in addition to internal metrics of model performance. Position information flowing into the VaR model is reviewed daily, historical market data is reviewed before going live on a weekly basis, and model parameters are reviewed regularly.

Stress testing analysis is performed on a periodic basis to ensure model stability and robustness against adverse market environments. For this purpose, impacts from large changes in inputs and parameters are simulated and assessed against expected model outputs under different stress scenarios.

> Refer to “Market risk” (pages 154 to 158) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Risk management – Risk coverage and management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on VaR, including VaR limitations, VaR backtesting, stress testing, VaR governance and differences between the model used for risk management purposes and the model used for regulatory purposes.

Incremental Risk Charge

The IRC capitalizes issuer default and migration risk in the trading book, arising from positions such as bonds or CDS, but excluding securitizations and the correlation trading portfolio. Credit Suisse has received approval from FINMA, as well as from regulators of several of our subsidiaries, to use our IRC model.

The IRC model assesses risk at 99.9% confidence level over a one-year time horizon assuming the Constant Position Assumption, i.e. a single liquidity horizon of one year. This corresponds to the most conservative assumption on liquidity that is available under IRC regulatory rules.

The IRC portfolio model is a Merton-type portfolio model designed to calculate the cumulative loss at the 99.9% confidence level. The model’s design is based on the same principles as industry standard credit portfolio models including the Basel II A-IRB model. Systematic risks are captured in the IRC model by employing a multi-factor asset correlation framework that enables the capture of sectorial and regional concentrations.

As part of the exposure aggregation model, stochastic recovery rates are used to capture recovery rate uncertainty, including the case of basis risks on default, where different instruments issued by the same issuer can experience different recovery rates.

To achieve the IRB soundness standard, Credit Suisse uses IRC parameters that typically are either based on the A-IRB reference data sets (migration matrices including PDs, LGDs, LGD correlation and volatility), or parameters based on other internal or external data covering more than ten years of history and including periods of stress.

RWA flow statements of market risk exposures under an IMA

The following table presents the 4Q21 flow statement explaining variations in the market risk RWA determined under an IMA.

Market risk RWA under an IMA decreased CHF 1.2 billion to CHF 14.7 billion compared to the end of 3Q21, primarily due to a decrease in regulatory VaR, stressed VaR and risks not in VaR reflecting a decrease in average risk levels, mainly in Securitized Products and Global Trading Solutions within the Investment Bank.

MR2 – Risk-weighted assets flow statements of market risk exposures under an IMA
4Q21	Regulatory VaR	Stressed VaR	IRC	Other	1	Total
CHF million
Risk-weighted assets at beginning of period	4,586	5,159	2,027	4,118		15,890
Regulatory adjustment	836	1,594	(180)	(273)		1,977
Risk-weighted assets at beginning of period (end of day)	5,422	6,753	1,847	3,845		17,867
Movement in risk levels	(1,090)	(2,155)	89	(36)		(3,192)
Model and parameter updates	(345)	(122)	0	0		(467)
Foreign exchange impact	(98)	(111)	(44)	(89)		(342)
Risk-weighted assets at end of period (end of day)	3,889	4,365	1,892	3,720		13,866
Regulatory adjustment	179	474	195	(7)		841
Risk-weighted assets at end of period	4,068	4,839	2,087	3,713		14,707
1 Risks not in VaR.

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Definitions of risk-weighted assets movement components related to market risk
Description	Definition
RWA as of the end of the previous/current reporting periods	Represents RWA at quarter-end
Regulatory adjustment	Indicates the difference between RWA and RWA (end of day) at beginning and end of period
RWA as of the previous/current quarters end (end of day)	For a given component (e.g., VaR) it refers to the RWA that would be computed if the snapshot quarter end amount of the component determines the quarter end RWA, as opposed to a 60-day average for regulatory
Movement in risk levels	Represents movements due to position changes
Model and parameter updates	Represents movements arising from internally driven or externally mandated updates to models and recalibrations of model parameters specific only to Credit Suisse
Methodology and policy changes	Represents movements arising from externally mandated regulatory methodology and policy changes to accounting and exposure classification and treatment policies not specific only to Credit Suisse
Acquisitions and disposals	Represents changes in book sizes due to acquisitions and disposals of entities
Foreign exchange impact	Represents changes in exchange rates of the transaction currencies compared to the Swiss franc
Other	Represents changes that cannot be attributed to any other category

IMA approach values for trading portfolios

The following table presents the maximum, minimum, average and period-end values resulting from the different types of models used for computing regulatory capital charges at the Group level, before any additional capital charge is applied.

MR3 – Regulatory VaR, stressed VaR and Incremental Risk Charge
in / end of	2H21	1H21
CHF million
Regulatory VaR (10 day 99%)
Maximum value	147	178
Average value	116	144
Minimum value	96	118
Period-end value	104	127
Stressed VaR (10 day 99%)
Maximum value	186	247
Average value	134	164
Minimum value	103	118
Period-end value	116	157
IRC (99.9%)
Maximum value	188	199
Average value	161	147
Minimum value	135	111
Period-end value	167	136

During 2H21, the decreases in average regulatory VaR and average stressed VaR reflected reduced risk in Securitized Products and Global Trading Solutions within the Investment Bank.

Comparison of VaR estimates with gains/losses

The following chart compares the results of estimates from the regulatory VaR model with both hypothetical and actual trading outcomes.

Backtesting involves comparing the results produced by the VaR model with the hypothetical trading revenues on the trading book. Hypothetical trading revenues are defined in compliance with regulatory requirements and aligned with the VaR model output by excluding (i) non-market elements (such as fees, commissions, cancellations and terminations, net cost of funding and credit-related valuation adjustments) and (ii) gains and losses from intra-day trading. A backtesting exception occurs when a hypothetical trading loss exceeds the daily VaR estimate.

For capital purposes and in line with Bank for International Settlements (BIS) requirements, FINMA increases the capital multiplier for every regulatory VaR backtesting exception above four in the prior rolling 12-month period, resulting in an incremental market risk capital requirement for the Group. VaR models with less than five backtesting exceptions are considered by regulators to be classified in a defined “green zone”. The “green zone” corresponds to backtesting results that do not themselves suggest a problem with the quality or accuracy of a bank’s model.

In 2H21, there were no backtesting exceptions in our regulatory VaR model. Since there were fewer than five backtesting exceptions in the rolling 12-month period through the end of 4Q21, in line with BIS industry guidelines, the bank is in the “green zone”.

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Interest rate risk in the banking book

Risk management objectives and policies

Overview

The Group manages interest rate risk in the banking book (IRRBB) both in terms of risk to earnings as well as risk to the economic value of the asset and liability position, arising from changes in interest rates.

The Group monitors IRRBB through established systems, processes and controls. Risk measures are provided to estimate the impact of changes in interest rates, which is one of the primary ways in which IRRBB is assessed for risk management purposes.

The Group does not have a regulatory requirement to hold capital against IRRBB. The economic impacts of adverse shifts in interest rates from FINMA-defined scenarios are significantly below 15% of tier 1 capital the threshold used by the regulator to identify banks that potentially run excessive levels of interest rate risk at group and legal entity levels.

Major sources of interest rate risk in the banking book

We assume interest rate risks in our banking book through lending and deposit-taking, money market and funding activities, and the deployment of our consolidated equity, as well as other activities involving banking book positions at the divisional level. Non-maturing products, such as savings accounts, have no contractual maturity date or direct market-linked interest rate and are risk-managed on a pooled basis using replication portfolios on behalf of the business divisions. Replicating portfolios transform non-maturing products into a series of fixed-term products that approximate the re-pricing and volume behavior of the pooled client transactions.

Risk management and control governance

The Group’s overarching objective is to manage the risk of banking book positions in an efficient and controlled manner, across both regulatory constraints and the Group’s risk appetite frameworks. The Group applies the three lines of defense model to IRRBB with clear segregation between the CFO and the businesses (first line), the CRO (second line) and Internal Audit (third line).

Oversight of business strategies, new initiatives, risk measures and risk appetite is provided by a set of governance committees. The Group Capital Allocation and Liability Management Committee (Group CALMC) is the main governance committee for the Group’s funding, liquidity and capital management. The Group CALMC is responsible for the Group’s IRRBB risk control framework and escalation of risk constraint breaches.

The Group’s RPSC and associated sub-committees are responsible for the oversight and approval of IRRBB-related risk models, global policies, manuals, guidelines and procedures. Divisional and legal entity risk management committees review IRRBB-related matters specific to their local entities and jurisdictions.

Independent model validation is performed by the model risk management function, a CRO unit independent from model developers, which follows specific quality standards and procedures, such as minimum revalidation cycles. The validation outcome is presented to management and to the RPSC for model approval, in accordance with model development policies.

IRRBB is integrated into the Group’s risk appetite framework and is considered by risk constraints formulated by the Group’s Board of Directors for both earnings- and economic value-based risk measures. The Group’s IRRBB risk appetite level – in terms of the change in net present values, also referred to as “delta economic value of equity (∆EVE)” – is primarily driven by the available capital and is allocated to the Group’s material legal entities.

Additionally, the crisis response framework can be triggered by management, for example, due to changing market conditions, and requires IRRBB to be quantitatively assessed in response to a specific crisis event. Since crisis reporting can be triggered anytime, the risk measures may need to be generated on an ad hoc basis, outside the recurring production cycles, to provide management with timely reports focused on the identified driver.

Internal Audit regularly assesses the design and operating effectiveness of our interest rate risk management processes and controls, according to the annual audit plan. Internal Audit is independent from the departments involved in the measurement and management of IRRBB and directly reports to the Group’s Board of Directors.

Hedging

The Group assumes a conservative IRRBB risk strategy, which aims to keep a low exposure profile to economic value risks while maintaining high earnings’ stability. This is achieved mainly by systematic hedging of issued debt and open interest rate risk arising from loans and deposit maturity mismatches in the private banking business.

The main instruments used for hedging are interest rate swaps. Most of these swaps qualify for hedge accounting treatment under US GAAP, which allows for the reduction of economic risks without increasing accounting volatility.

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Key risk measures

We monitor the change in net interest income, also referred to as “delta net interest income (∆NII)” on a monthly basis at both the Group and the divisional levels. This is performed by running internal interest rate stress test scenarios on a proprietary model, which follows the Group’s business logic and the expected client behavior. The regulatory ∆NII uses the modelling and parameter assumptions summarized below.

From an economic value perspective, key risk measures are the ∆EVE, representing the change in economic value based on shocked interest rate curves, and the interest rate sensitivity of a one basis point parallel increase in yield curves (DV01). Both are available to management on a daily basis. For internal risk management purposes, we monitor a ∆EVE measure, which covers all banking book positions. For the regulatory ∆EVE measure, we exclude bonds issued as additional tier 1 capital; this is in line with FINMA guidance. Additional ∆EVE modelling and parameter assumptions are summarized below. The regulatory ∆EVE measure is used for both the IRRBB outlier test and for the Pillar 3 disclosures. We monitor this regulatory risk measure on a monthly basis.

Risk measure scenarios

The Group has implemented the FINMA-mandated scenarios on the regulatory ∆EVE and ∆NII risk measures. Beyond the regulatory scenarios, we have also defined a comprehensive set of internal stress test scenarios. The scenarios are reviewed periodically in terms of both scenario selection and calibration of the shocks applied, reflecting changes in macroeconomic conditions and specific interest rate environments.

Key modelling and parametric assumptions

The following list summarizes the key modelling and parameter assumptions used in the IRRBBA1 and IRRBB1 tables:

Regulatory ∆EVE:

■ ∆EVE is measured by excluding commercial margins and other spread components and applying risk-free discounting.

■ Following the internal approach for ∆EVE, the aggregation logic for each of the six prescribed regulatory scenarios allows for diversification between the different currencies.

■ Additional tier 1 capital is excluded from the regulatory ∆EVE measure.

■ ∆EVE is calculated using a sensitivity-based approach.

Regulatory ∆NII:

■ The regulatory constant balance sheet assumptions prescribe using both constant volumes and constant margins throughout the one-year horizon.

■ Volumes are kept constant, both in balance sheet size and product composition.

■ Margins are kept at a constant level for the new positions, in line with the maturing positions.

■ In accordance with regulatory guidance, cash positions held at central banks are excluded.

■ Under the regulatory banking book definition, the Group’s banking book contains more liabilities than assets. This is mainly due to trading book assets, which are funded out of banking books. The funding costs out of the banking book are included, while trading book revenues are excluded from the reporting. As a result, the banking book ∆NII disclosed does not include a material source of income.

■ ∆NII is measured including additional tier 1 capital instruments.

■ As of the reporting date, there are no material exposures to customer loans with prepayment optionality.

Additional assumptions and internal approach:

■ All the above-mentioned risk measures are generated based on granular position data and reflect the individual contractual details, while utilizing the latest available market data.

■ The non-maturing deposits’ average repricing maturity has been calculated based on the internal term-replication strategy.

■ The regulatory ∆EVE disclosure results are higher than the internal ∆EVE. This is due to the previously noted exclusion of additional tier 1 capital instruments in the regulatory ∆EVE.

■ The Group manages risks to NII considering internal models that differ from the regulatory ∆NII definition by including dynamic adjustments to client margins and volumes, benefits to or costs from holding cash at central banks and interest received from internal funding of assets by excess banking book liabilities. Under these assumptions, the NII results for the regulatory interest rate scenarios are more stable.

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Quantitative disclosures

The following table presents the exposure’s structure and repricing period.

IRRBBA1 - Quantitative information on the exposure's structure and repricing period
	Volume				1	Average repricing period (years)		Maximum repricing period for exposures with modelled (not determined) repricing date (years)
end of 4Q21	Total	of which CHF	of which USD	of which EUR		Total	of which CHF	Total	of which CHF
CHF million, except where indicated
Definite repricing date 2
Due from banks	145,670	5,692	98,985	11,505		0.0	0.0	–	–
Due from customers	149,792	22,161	84,452	26,402		1.0	1.0	–	–
Money market mortgages	36,166	34,530	95	57		0.0	0.0	–	–
Fixed-rate mortgages	106,579	102,814	1,295	198		4.8	4.9	–	–
Financial investments	4,100	140	170	858		1.8	0.0	–	–
Other receivables	24	0	16	0		0.2	–	–	–
Receivables from interest rate derivatives 3	1,384,906	371,719	755,134	153,127		1.0	0.6	–	–
Due to banks	(84,230)	(5,369)	(64,831)	(4,006)		0.1	0.1	–	–
Customer deposits	(111,053)	(15,197)	(53,070)	(18,475)		0.2	0.2	–	–
Cash bonds	(133)	(133)	0	0		1.7	1.7	–	–
Bonds issues and central mortgage institution loans	(120,659)	(16,656)	(65,543)	(29,602)		3.7	7.6	–	–
Other payables	(39,816)	(2,174)	(25,751)	(8,449)		0.1	0.2	–	–
Payables to interest rate derivatives 3	(1,381,534)	(444,742)	(700,425)	(143,372)		0.8	0.8	–	–
Indefinite repricing date
Variable mortgages	1,183	1,183	0	0		0.0	0.0	–	–
Other receivables on demand	2,134	485	861	631		0.1	0.1	–	–
Payables on demand from personal accounts and current accounts	(201,718)	(94,411)	(64,542)	(30,969)		1.4	2.1	–	–
Other payables on demand	0	0	0	0		0.0	0.0	–	–
Payables arising from client deposits, terminable but not transferable (savings)	(33,081)	(33,081)	0	0		2.6	2.6	–	–
Total	–	–	–	–		–	–	8.0	8.0
1 Volume figures may differ from the respective accounting values under US GAAP, due to the impact of effective interest rate calculations and the treatment of loan loss provisions.
2 Additional Tier 1 capital is excluded.
3 Receivables and payables from interest rate derivatives are shown as gross figures, including intercompany transactions.

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The following table presents information on the exposure’s regulatory ∆EVE and regulatory ∆NII.

IRRBB1 - Quantitative information on the regulatory ∆EVE and regulatory ∆NII
	ΔEVE		1	ΔNII		2
end of	4Q21	4Q20		4Q21	4Q20
Interest rate shock scenarios (CHF million)  3
Parallel up	(1,599)	(1,955)		(3,214)	(3,103)
Parallel down	2,015	2,585		5,354	3,812
Steepener shock	(311)	(428)		–	–
Flattener shock	47	90		–	–
Rise in short-term interest rates	(672)	(755)		–	–
Fall in short-term interest rates	877	1,075		–	–
Maximum	(1,599)	(1,955)		(3,214)	(3,103)
1 Reflects changes in the net present value.
2 Reflects changes in the earnings value.
3 All scenarios are in line with FINMA circular 2019/2.

IRRBB1 - Tier 1 capital
end of	4Q21	4Q20
Tier 1 capital (CHF million)
Swiss CET1 capital and additional tier 1 capital 1	54,372	51,192
1 Excludes tier 1 capital, which is used to fulfill gone concern requirements.

The change in ∆EVE was due to DV01 exposure movements on our banking book positions in 2021. The main drivers are related to a revised approach, implemented in connection with the IBOR transition work, to exclude commercial margins from cash flows in a low interest rate environment as well as our regular management of banking book and net interest income hedging activities, partially offset by the depreciation of the Swiss franc against the US dollar. The results are inflated due to the required exclusion of additional tier 1 capital instruments while the respective hedges have to be included in the ∆EVE.

The embedded rate floors on loan contracts were extended from currencies with negative interest rates to all currencies resulting in an increase in ∆NII for a parallel-down scenario, whilst the ∆NII for a parallel-up scenario is reported stable compared to last year. The ∆NII for a parallel-up scenario continues to be driven by the banking book liability excess that primarily arises from the trading book assets being funded out of banking books as well as from the exclusion of the cash at central banks and shareholders’ equity from the regulatory definition of ∆NII.

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Additional regulatory disclosures

Composition of capital

Credit Suisse is a systemically important financial institution.

> Refer to “Swiss capital requirements” (pages 4 to 5) for the systemically important financial institution view.

The following tables provide details on the composition of Swiss regulatory capital including common equity tier 1 (CET1) capital, additional tier 1 capital and tier 2 capital as if the Group was not a systemically important financial institution.

CC1 - Composition of regulatory capital
end of 4Q21		Amounts	Reference	1
Swiss CET1 capital (CHF million)
1	Directly issued qualifying common share (and equivalent for non-joint stock companies) capital plus related stock surplus	35,044	1
2	Retained earnings	31,064	2
3	Accumulated other comprehensive income (and other reserves) 2	(22,154)	3
6	CET1 capital before regulatory adjustments	43,954
7	Prudent valuation adjustments	(84)
8	Goodwill, net of tax	(2,893)	4
9	Other intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing rights), net of tax	(50)	5
10	Deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability (excluding temporary differences), net of tax	(881)	6
11	Cash flow hedge reserve	77
12	Shortfall of provisions to expected losses	(220)
14	Gains/(losses) due to changes in own credit on fair-valued liabilities	2,144
15	Defined benefit pension plan assets	(3,280)	7
16	Investments in own shares	(477)
26b	National specific regulatory adjustments	239
28	Total regulatory adjustments to CET1 capital	(5,425)
29	CET1 capital	38,529
30	Directly issued qualifying additional tier 1 instruments plus related stock surplus 3	15,880
32	of which classified as liabilities under applicable accounting standards	15,880	9
36	Additional tier 1 capital before regulatory adjustments	15,880
37	Investments in own additional tier 1 instruments	(37)
43	Total regulatory adjustments to additional tier 1 capital	(37)
44	Additional tier 1 capital	15,843
Swiss tier 1 capital (CHF million)
45	Tier 1 capital	54,372
Swiss tier 2 capital (CHF million)
46	Directly issued qualifying tier 2 instruments plus related stock surplus 4	479	10
47	Directly issued capital instruments subject to phase-out from tier 2 capital	222	11
58	Tier 2 capital	701
Swiss eligible capital (CHF million)
59	Total eligible capital	55,073
1 Refer to the balance sheet under regulatory scope of consolidation in the table "CC2 - Reconciliation of regulatory capital to balance sheet". Only material items are referenced to the balance sheet.
2 Includes treasury shares.
3 Consists of high-trigger and low-trigger capital instruments. Of this amount, CHF 11.4 billion consists of capital instruments with a capital ratio write-down trigger of 7% and CHF 4.4 billion consists of capital instruments with a capital ratio write-down trigger of 5.125%.
4 Consists of low-trigger capital instruments with a capital ratio write-down trigger of 5%.

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CC1 - Composition of regulatory capital (continued)
end of 4Q21		Amounts	Reference	1
Swiss risk-weighted assets (CHF million)
60	Risk-weighted assets	268,418
Swiss risk-based capital ratios as a percentage of risk-weighted assets (%)
61	CET1 capital ratio	14.4
62	Tier 1 capital ratio	20.3
63	Total capital ratio	20.5
BIS CET1 buffer requirements (%)  2
64	Total BIS CET buffer requirement	3.528
65	of which capital conservation buffer	2.5
66	of which extended countercyclical buffer	0.028
67	of which progressive buffer for G-SIB and/or D-SIB	1.0
68	CET1 capital ratio available after meeting the bank's minimum capital requirements 3	9.9
Amounts below the thresholds for deduction (before risk weighting) (CHF million)
72	Non-significant investments in the capital and other TLAC liabilities of other financial entities	3,066
73	Significant investments in the common stock of financial entities	1,802
74	Mortgage servicing rights, net of tax	202
75	Deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences, net of tax	3,189
Applicable caps on the inclusion of provisions in tier 2 (CHF million)
77	Cap on inclusion of provisions in tier 2 under standardized approach	283
79	Cap for inclusion of provisions in tier 2 under internal ratings-based approach	722
Capital instruments subject to phase-out arrangements (CHF million)
84	Current cap on tier 2 instruments subject to phase-out arrangements	222
1 Refer to the balance sheet under regulatory scope of consolidation in the table "CC2 - Reconciliation of regulatory capital to balance sheet". Only material items are referenced to the balance sheet.
2 CET1 buffer requirements are based on BIS requirements as a percentage of Swiss risk-weighted assets.
3 Reflects the Swiss CET1 capital ratio, less the BIS minimum CET1 ratio requirement of 4.5%.

Prudent valuation adjustments (PVAs) are applied to the exposures in the banking and trading book measured at fair value under US GAAP and are incremental to the US GAAP fair value measurement. For capital adequacy reporting purposes, however, the Group’s PVA methodology addresses fair value uncertainties arising from concentration risk. PVAs for concentration risk are deducted from CET1 capital. The Group has established systems, controls and governance to ensure that the valuation of positions measured at fair value comply with the prudent valuation requirements.

> Refer to “Fair valuations” (page 69) in II – Operating and financial review – Credit Suisse – Other information, to “Fair value” (page 105) in II – Operating and financial review – Critical accounting estimates and to “Note 36 – Financial instruments” (pages 383 to 409) in VI – Consolidated financial statements – Credit Suisse Group in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on fair value measurement.

The following table provides a breakdown of PVAs to CET1 capital.

PV1 – Prudent valuation adjustments
end of	Equity	Interest rates	FX	Credit	Commodities	Total	of which in the trading book	of which in the banking book
4Q21 (CHF million)
Closeout uncertainty	84	0	0	0	0	84	30	54
of which concentration	84	0	0	0	0	84	30	54
Total adjustments	84	0	0	0	0	84	30	54

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The following table presents the balance sheet as published in the consolidated financial statements of the Group and the balance sheet under the regulatory scope of consolidation.

CC2 - Reconciliation of regulatory capital to balance sheet
end of 4Q21	Financial statements	Regulatory scope of consolidation	Reference to composition of capital
Assets (CHF million)
Cash and due from banks	164,818	164,524
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	1,323	1,590
Central bank funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions	103,906	103,900
Securities received as collateral, at fair value	15,017	15,017
Trading assets, at fair value	111,141	110,246
Investment securities	1,005	1,005
Other investments	5,826	5,770
Net loans	291,686	292,126
Goodwill	2,917	2,921	4
Other intangible assets	276	276
of which other intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing rights)	52	52	5
Brokerage receivables	16,687	16,687
Other assets	41,231	40,701
of which deferred tax assets related to net operating losses	881	881	6
of which deferred tax assets from temporary differences	2,826	2,185	8
of which defined benefit pension plan assets	4,215	4,215	7
Total assets	755,833	754,763
Liabilities and equity (CHF million)
Due to banks	18,965	19,016
Customer deposits	392,819	392,784
Central bank funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions	35,274	35,274
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value	15,017	15,017
Trading liabilities, at fair value	27,535	27,563
Short-term borrowings	19,393	19,473
Long-term debt	166,896	165,670
Brokerage payables	13,060	13,060
Other liabilities	22,644	22,606
Total liabilities	711,603	710,463
of which additional tier 1 instruments, fully eligible	16,766	15,843	9
of which tier 2 instruments, fully eligible	2,401	479	10
of which tier 2 instruments subject to phase-out	316	222	11
Common shares	106	106	1
Additional paid-in capital	34,938	34,938	1
Retained earnings	31,064	31,029	2
Treasury shares, at cost	(828)	(828)	3
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	(21,326)	(21,293)	3
Total shareholders' equity 1	43,954	43,952
Noncontrolling interests 2	276	348
Total equity	44,230	44,300
Total liabilities and equity	755,833	754,763
1 Eligible as CET1 capital, prior to regulatory adjustments.
2 The difference between the accounting and regulatory scope of consolidation primarily represents private equity and other fund type vehicles, which FINMA does not require to consolidate for capital adequacy reporting.

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Composition of TLAC

The following table presents the composition of our TLAC.

TLAC1 - TLAC composition for G-SIBs
end of	4Q21
TLAC (CHF million)
CET1 capital	38,529
Additional tier 1 instruments eligible under TLAC framework	15,843
Tier 2 capital before TLAC adjustments	701
TLAC adjustments	1,944
of which amortized portion of tier 2 instruments where remaining maturity > 1 year	1,944
Tier 2 instruments eligible under TLAC framework	2,645
TLAC arising from regulatory capital	57,017
External TLAC instruments issued directly by Credit Suisse Group AG and subordinated to excluded liabilities	44,307
External TLAC instruments issued by funding vehicles prior to January 1, 2022	5,107
TLAC arising from non-regulatory capital instruments before adjustments	49,414
TLAC before deductions	106,431
Deduction of investment in own other TLAC liabilities	59
Other adjustments to TLAC	5,103
TLAC	101,269
Risk-weighted assets and leverage exposure (CHF million)
Swiss risk-weighted assets	268,418
Leverage exposure	889,137
TLAC ratios and buffers (%)
TLAC ratio	37.7
TLAC leverage ratio	11.4
CET1 capital ratio available after meeting the resolution group’s minimum capital and TLAC requirements	9.9
Institution-specific buffer requirement (capital conservation buffer plus countercyclical buffer requirements plus higher loss absorbency requirement, expressed as a percentage of risk-weighted assets)	3.528
of which capital conservation buffer requirement	2.5
of which bank specific countercyclical buffer requirement	0.028
of which higher loss absorbency requirement	1.0

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The following table presents information regarding creditors’ rankings of the liabilities structure of the resolution entity.

TLAC3 - Resolution entity - Creditor ranking at legal entity level
	Creditor ranking
end of 4Q21	Shareholders' equity	1	Subordinated debt instruments Additional tier 1	Bail-in debt instruments and pari passu liabilities	2	Total
CHF million
Total capital and liabilities net of credit risk mitigation	42,764		15,971	46,238		104,973
Excluded liabilities	–		–	84		84
Total capital and liabilities less excluded liabilities	42,764		15,971	46,154		104,889
of which potentially eligible as TLAC 3	42,764		15,708	44,138		102,610
of which residual maturity between 1 to 2 years	–		–	4,600		4,600
of which residual maturity between 2 to 5 years	–		–	17,121		17,121
of which residual maturity between 5 to 10 years	–		–	13,988		13,988
of which residual maturity greater than 10 years, excluding perpetual securities	–		–	8,429		8,429
of which perpetual securities	42,764		15,708	–		58,472
Presented for Credit Suisse Group AG at the legal entity level and therefore instruments issued by subsidiaries and special purpose entities are excluded. Amounts are prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Swiss Law on Accounting and Financial Reporting (32nd title of the Swiss Code of Obligations).
1 Includes nominal share capital of CHF 106 million.
2 Amount does not include CHF 7,550 million of intercompany liabilities, which are pari passu to the external bail-in debt instruments and are not considered to be excluded liabilities.
3 Notes with a maturity of less than one year, notes called but not yet redeemed and accrued but not yet paid interest on TLAC instruments are not eligible as TLAC, but can be bailed in by FINMA.

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Key prudential metrics

Most line items in the following table presents the view as if the Group was not a systemically important financial institution.

KM1 - Key metrics
end of	4Q21	3Q21	2Q21	1Q21	4Q20
Capital (CHF million)
Swiss CET1 capital	38,529	39,951	38,934	36,959	35,351
Fully loaded CECL accounting model Swiss CET1 capital 1	38,529	39,951	38,934	36,959	35,297
Swiss tier 1 capital	54,372	56,252	55,148	53,406	51,192
Fully loaded CECL accounting model Swiss tier 1 capital 1	54,372	56,252	55,148	53,406	51,139
Swiss total eligible capital	55,073	56,998	56,394	54,682	52,426
Fully loaded CECL accounting model Swiss total eligible capital 1	55,073	56,998	56,394	54,682	52,373
Minimum capital requirement (8% of Swiss risk-weighted assets) 2	21,473	22,304	22,744	24,270	22,046
Risk-weighted assets (CHF million)
Swiss risk-weighted assets	268,418	278,801	284,295	303,380	275,576
Risk-based capital ratios as a percentage of risk-weighted assets (%)
Swiss CET1 capital ratio	14.4	14.3	13.7	12.2	12.8
Fully loaded CECL accounting model Swiss CET1 capital ratio 1	14.4	14.3	13.7	12.2	12.8
Swiss tier 1 capital ratio	20.3	20.2	19.4	17.6	18.6
Fully loaded CECL accounting model Swiss tier 1 capital ratio 1	20.3	20.2	19.4	17.6	18.6
Swiss total capital ratio	20.5	20.4	19.8	18.0	19.0
Fully loaded CECL accounting model Swiss total capital ratio 1	20.5	20.4	19.8	18.0	19.0
BIS CET1 buffer requirements (%)  3
Capital conservation buffer	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
Extended countercyclical buffer	0.028	0.021	0.022	0.021	0.022
Progressive buffer for G-SIB and/or D-SIB	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Total BIS CET1 buffer requirement	3.528	3.521	3.522	3.521	3.522
CET1 capital ratio available after meeting the bank's minimum capital requirements 4	9.9	9.8	9.2	7.7	8.3
Basel III leverage ratio (CHF million)  5
Leverage exposure	889,137	937,419	931,041	981,979	812,996	6
Basel III leverage ratio (%)	6.1	6.0	5.9	5.4	6.3
Fully loaded CECL accounting model Basel III leverage ratio (%) 1	6.1	6.0	5.9	5.4	6.3
Liquidity coverage ratio (CHF million)  7
High-quality liquid assets	227,193	228,352	209,256	211,307	203,536
Net cash outflows	112,156	103,504	97,007	103,088	107,376
Liquidity coverage ratio (%)	203	221	216	205	190
Net stable funding ratio (CHF million)
Available stable funding	436,856	446,805	–	–	–
Required stable funding	342,870	353,492	–	–	–
Net stable funding ratio (%)	127	126	–	–	–
1 The fully loaded US GAAP CECL accounting model excludes the transitional relief of recognizing CECL allowances and provisions in CET1 capital in accordance with FINMA Circular 2013/1 “Eligible capital – banks”.
2 Calculated as 8% of Swiss risk-weighted assets, based on total capital minimum requirements, excluding the BIS CET1 buffer requirements.
3 CET1 buffer requirements are based on BIS requirements as a percentage of Swiss risk-weighted assets.
4 Reflects the Swiss CET1 capital ratio, less the BIS minimum CET1 ratio requirement of 4.5%.
5 Prior periods have been revised.
6 Reflects the temporary exclusion of central bank deposits in all currencies from the leverage exposure, after adjusting for the dividend paid in 2020, in accordance with FINMA Guidance.
7 Calculated using a three-month average, which is calculated on a daily basis.

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> Refer to “Swiss capital requirements” (pages 4 to 5) for the systemically important financial institution view.

> Refer to “Swiss metrics” (pages 131 to 132) and “Risk-weighted assets” (pages 128 to 130) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Capital management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on movements in capital, capital ratios, risk-weighted assets and leverage ratios.

> Refer to “Liquidity coverage ratio” (page 115) and “Net stable funding ratio” (page 116) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Liquidity and funding management – Liquidity management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on movements in the liquidity coverage ratio and the net stable funding ratio.

> Refer to “Swiss requirements” (pages 122 to 124) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Capital management – Regulatory framework in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on additional CET1 buffer requirements.

The following table presents information about available TLAC and TLAC requirements applied at the resolution group level, which is defined as Credit Suisse Group AG consolidated.

KM2 - Key metrics - TLAC requirements (at resolution group level)
end of	4Q21	3Q21	2Q21	1Q21	4Q20
CHF million
TLAC	101,269	106,048	107,027	105,862	93,390
Fully loaded CECL accounting model TLAC 1	101,269	106,048	107,027	105,862	93,336
Swiss risk-weighted assets	268,418	278,801	284,295	303,380	275,576
TLAC ratio (%)	37.7	38.0	37.6	34.9	33.9
Fully loaded CECL accounting model TLAC ratio (%) 1	37.7	38.0	37.6	34.9	33.9
Leverage exposure 2	889,137	937,419	931,041	981,979	812,996	3
TLAC leverage ratio (%) 2	11.4	11.3	11.5	10.8	11.5
Fully loaded CECL accounting model TLAC leverage ratio (%) 1,2	11.4	11.3	11.5	10.8	11.5
Does the subordination exemption in the antepenultimate paragraph of Section 11 of the FSB TLAC Term Sheet apply?	No	No	No	No	No
Does the subordination exemption in the penultimate paragraph of Section 11 of the FSB TLAC Term Sheet apply?	No	No	No	No	No
If the capped subordination exemption applies, the amount of funding issued that ranks pari passu with Excluded Liabilities and that is recognized as external TLAC, divided by funding issued that ranks pari passu with Excluded Liabilities and that would be recognized as external TLAC if no cap was applied (%)	N/A - refer to our response above	N/A - refer to our response above	N/A - refer to our response above	N/A - refer to our response above	N/A - refer to our response above
1 The fully loaded US GAAP CECL accounting model excludes the transitional relief of recognizing CECL allowances and provisions in CET1 capital in accordance with FINMA Circular 2013/1 “Eligible capital – banks”.
2 Prior periods have been revised.
3 Reflects the temporary exclusion of central bank deposits in all currencies from the leverage exposure, after adjusting for the dividend paid in 2020, in accordance with FINMA Guidance.

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Macroprudential supervisor measures

The following table presents an overview of the geographical distribution of RWA for private sector credit exposures used in the calculation of the extended countercyclical buffer (CCyB).

CCyB1 - Geographical distribution of risk-weighted assets used in the CCyB
end of	CCyB rate (%)	RWA used in the computation of the CCyB	Bank- specific CCyB rate (%)	CCyB amount
4Q21 (CHF million)
Hong Kong	1.00	1,835	–	–
Sweden	0.00	445	–	–
UK	0.00	10,969	–	–
France	0.00	2,232	–	–
Luxembourg	0.50	4,740	–	–
Germany	0.00	3,353	–	–
Subtotal	–	23,574	–	–
Other countries	0.00	125,890	–	–
Total 1	–	149,464	0.028	76
2Q21 (CHF million)
Hong Kong	1.00	2,303	–	–
Sweden	0.00	547	–	–
UK	0.00	11,277	–	–
France	0.00	3,186	–	–
Luxembourg	0.25	4,644	–	–
Germany	0.00	3,402	–	–
Subtotal	–	25,359	–	–
Other countries	0.00	133,151	–	–
Total 1	–	158,510	0.022	62
1 Reflects the total of RWA for private sector credit exposures across all jurisdictions to which the Group is exposed, including jurisdictions with no CCyB rate or with a CCyB rate set at zero, and value of the Group specific CCyB rate and resulting CCyB amount.

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Leverage metrics

Credit Suisse has adopted the BIS leverage ratio framework, as issued by the BCBS and implemented in Switzerland by FINMA.

> Refer to “Leverage metrics” (page 131) and “Swiss metrics” (pages 131 to 132) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Capital management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on leverage metrics, including the calculation methodology and movements in leverage exposures.

LR1 - Summary comparison of accounting assets vs leverage ratio exposure
end of	4Q21
Reconciliation of consolidated assets to leverage exposure (CHF million)
Total consolidated assets as per published financial statements	755,833
Adjustment for investments in banking, financial, insurance or commercial entities that are consolidated for accounting purposes but outside the scope of regulatory consolidation   1	(9,386)
Adjustments for derivatives financial instruments	55,901
Adjustments for SFTs (i.e. repos and similar secured lending)	(8,546)
Adjustments for off-balance sheet items (i.e. conversion to credit equivalent amounts of off-balance sheet exposures)	93,286
Other adjustments	2,049
Leverage exposure	889,137
1 Includes adjustments for investments in banking, financial, insurance or commercial entities that are consolidated for accounting purposes but outside the scope of regulatory consolidation and tier 1 capital deductions related to balance sheet assets.

LR2 - Leverage ratio common disclosure template
end of	4Q21	3Q21	1
Reconciliation of consolidated assets to leverage exposure (CHF million)
On-balance sheet items (excluding derivatives and SFTs, but including collateral)	613,137	623,923
Asset amounts deducted from Basel III tier 1 capital	(7,965)	(8,716)
Total on-balance sheet exposures	605,172	615,207
Reconciliation of consolidated assets to leverage exposure (CHF million)
Replacement cost associated with all derivatives transactions (i.e. net of eligible cash variation margin)	20,381	25,591
Add-on amounts for PFE associated with all derivatives transactions	52,405	59,850
Gross-up for derivatives collateral provided where deducted from the balance sheet assets pursuant to the operative accounting framework	17,869	19,298
Deductions of receivables assets for cash variation margin provided in derivatives transactions	(17,118)	(18,525)
Exempted CCP leg of client-cleared trade exposures	(4,324)	(5,609)
Adjusted effective notional amount of all written credit derivatives	201,987	253,031
Adjusted effective notional offsets and add-on deductions for written credit derivatives	(197,528)	(248,213)
Derivative Exposures	73,672	85,423
Securities financing transaction exposures (CHF million)
Gross SFT assets (with no recognition of netting), after adjusting for sale accounting transactions	127,152	150,128
Netted amounts of cash payables and cash receivables of gross SFT assets	(16,616)	(16,569)
Counterparty credit risk exposure for SFT assets	6,471	8,554
Securities financing transaction exposures	117,007	142,113
Other off-balance sheet exposures (CHF million)
Off-balance sheet exposure at gross notional amount	294,755	298,722
Adjustments for conversion to credit equivalent amounts	(201,469)	(204,046)
Other off-balance sheet exposures	93,286	94,676
Swiss tier 1 capital (CHF million)
Swiss tier 1 capital	54,372	56,252
Leverage exposure (CHF million)
Leverage exposure	889,137	937,419
Leverage ratio (%)
Basel III leverage ratio	6.1	6.0
1 Prior period has been revised.

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Liquidity

Liquidity risk management framework

Our liquidity and funding policy is designed to ensure that funding is available to meet all obligations in times of stress, whether caused by market events or issues specific to Credit Suisse.

> Refer to “Liquidity and funding management” (pages 112 to 120) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on our liquidity risk management framework including governance, stress testing, liquidity metrics, funding sources and uses and contractual maturity of assets and liabilities.

Liquidity coverage ratio

Our calculation methodology for the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) is prescribed by the Liquidity Ordinance and the FINMA circular 2015/2 “Liquidity risk – banks”, as amended (Liquidity circular), and uses a three-month average that is measured using daily calculations during the quarter.

> Refer to “Liquidity metrics” (pages 114 to 116) and “Funding sources” (page 117) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Liquidity and funding management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on the Group’s liquidity coverage ratio, including high-quality liquid assets, liquidity pool and funding sources.

LIQ1 - Liquidity coverage ratio
end of 4Q21	Unweighted value	1	Weighted value	2
High-quality liquid assets (CHF million)
High-quality liquid assets 3	–		227,193
Cash outflows (CHF million)
Retail deposits and deposits from small business customers	161,444		19,555
of which less stable deposits	161,444		19,555
Unsecured wholesale funding	256,295		95,093
of which operational deposits (all counterparties) and deposits in networks of cooperative banks	51,456		12,864
of which non-operational deposits (all counterparties)	128,747		65,849
of which unsecured debt	16,328		16,328
Secured wholesale funding	–		29,344
Additional requirements	167,500		35,640
of which outflows related to derivative exposures and other collateral requirements	59,383		13,763
of which outflows related to loss of funding on debt products	199		199
of which credit and liquidity facilities	107,918		21,678
Other contractual funding obligations	85,492		85,492
Other contingent funding obligations	201,750		3,663
Total cash outflows	–		268,787
Cash inflows (CHF million)
Secured lending	109,297		40,049
Inflows from fully performing exposures	60,810		28,270
Other cash inflows	88,312		88,312
Total cash inflows	258,419		156,631
Liquidity cover ratio (CHF million)
High-quality liquid assets	–		227,193
Net cash outflows	–		112,156
Liquidity coverage ratio (%)	–		203
Calculated based on an average of 67 data points in 4Q21.
1 Calculated as outstanding balances maturing or callable within 30 days.
2 Calculated after the application of haircuts for high-quality liquid assets or inflow and outflow rates.
3 Consists of cash and eligible securities as prescribed by FINMA and reflects a post-cancellation view.

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Net stable funding ratio

Our calculation methodology for the net stable funding ratio (NSFR) is prescribed by the Liquidity Ordinance and the Liquidity circular.

> Refer to “Net stable funding ratio” (page 116) in III – Treasury, Risk, Balance sheet and Off-balance sheet – Liquidity and funding management – Liquidity management in the Credit Suisse Annual Report 2021 for further information on the Group’s net stable funding ratio.

LIQ2 – Liquidity: information on the NSFR
	Values not weighted, according to residual maturities
end of 4Q21	No maturity	< 6 months	≥ 6 months up to 1 year	≥ 1 year	Weighted values
Information on the available stable funding (CHF million)
Equity instruments	44,012	0	0	14,936	58,948
of which regulatory capital 1	44,012	0	0	14,936	58,948
of which other equity instruments	0	0	0	0	0
Demand deposits and/or term deposits of private customers and small business customers	131,067	22,298	9,476	13	146,869
of which "stable" deposits	6,000	0	0	0	5,700
of which "less stable" deposits	125,067	22,298	9,476	13	141,169
Funding deposited by non-financial institutions (without small business customers) (wholesale customers)	101,256	85,912	6,575	382	91,527
of which operational deposits	36,387	0	0	0	18,193
of which non-operational deposits	64,869	85,912	6,575	382	73,334
Liabilities with matching interdependent assets	0	0	0	0	0
Other exposures	91,282	88,938	23,854	118,899	139,512
of which exposures arising from derivative transactions	–	9,263	0	0	–
of which other exposures and equity instruments	91,282	79,675	23,854	118,899	139,512
Total available stable funding	–	–	–	–	436,856
Information on the required stable funding (CHF million)
Total of HQLA NSFR	–	–	–	–	4,731
Operational deposits held at other financial institutions	8,540	–	–	–	4,270
Performing loans and securities	44,745	171,152	42,391	192,882	258,401
of which performing loans to companies in the financial sector, secured    with category 1 and 2a HQLA	0	54,263	0	0	5,496
of which performing loans to companies in the financial sector, secured    with non-category 1 or 2a HQLA or unsecured	7,544	41,707	11,753	20,289	33,965
of which performing loans to companies outside the financial sector, to retail and small    business customers, to countries, central banks and sub-national public sector entities	7,697	62,686	17,144	74,475	105,598
of which risk-weighted up to 35% under the SA-BIS	2	0	1	9,668	6,951
of which performing loans for residential properties	0	10,762	12,555	84,572	75,288
of which risk-weighted up to 35% under the SA-BIS	0	4,335	5,151	74,524	59,832
of which non-defaulted securities that do not qualify as HQLA, including    exchange-traded shares	29,504	1,734	939	13,546	38,054
Assets with matching interdependent liabilities	0	0	0	0	0
Other assets	172,031	1,121	149	99,813	68,500
of which physically traded commodities, including gold	1,389	–	–	–	1,181
of which assets posted as initial margin for derivative contracts    and contributions to default funds of central counterparties	–	0	0	17,189	14,611
of which NSFR assets in the form of derivatives	–	0	0	16,010	6,746
of which NSFR derivative liabilities before deduction of variation margin posted	–	0	0	28,745	6,823
of which all remaining assets	170,642	1,121	149	37,869	39,139
Off-balance sheet items	–	0	0	336,685	6,968
Total required stable funding	–	–	–	–	342,870
Net stable funding ratio (%)	–	–	–	–	127
1 Prior to regulatory deductions.

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List of abbreviations

A
ABS	Asset-backed securities
ACVA	Advanced credit valuation adjustment approach
A-IRB	Advanced-internal ratings-based
AMA	Advanced measurement approach
Art.	Article
B
BCBS	Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
BIS	Bank for International Settlements
C
CALMC	Capital Allocation and Liability Management Committee
CAO	Capital Adequacy Ordinance
CCF	Credit conversion factor
CCP	Central counterparties
CCR	Counterparty credit risk
CCyB	Countercyclical buffer
CDS	Credit default swap
CECL	Current expected credit loss
CET1	Common equity tier 1
CFO	Chief Financial Officer
CMBS	Commercial mortgage-backed securities
CRO	Chief Risk and Compliance Officer
CRM	Credit risk mitigation
CVA	Credit valuation adjustment
D
D-SIB	Domestic systemically important bank
E
EAD	Exposure at default
ECAI	External credit assessment institutions
EEPE	Effective expected positive exposure
EMIR	European Market Infrastructure Regulation
EVE	Economic value of equity
F
FINMA	Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA
F-IRB	Foundation-internal ratings-based
FSB	Financial Stability Board
G
GDP	Gross Domestic Product
G-SIB	Global systemically important bank
I
IAA	Internal assessment approach
IMA	Internal model approach
IMM	Internal model method
IPRE	Income producing real estate
IRB	Internal ratings-based
IRRBB	Interest rate risk in the banking book
IRC	Incremental Risk Charge

L
LCR	Liquidity coverage ratio
LGD	Loss given default
LRD	Leverage ratio denominator
LTV	Loan-to-value
M
MACC	Model Approval and Controls Committee
N
NII	Net interest income
N/A	Not applicable
O
OTC	Over-the-counter
P
P&L	Profits and losses
PD	Probability of default
PFE	Potential future exposure
Q
QCCP	Qualifying central counterparty
R
RMBS	Residential mortgage-backed securities
RNIV	Risks not in value-at-risk
RPSC	Risk Processes & Standards Committee
RW	Risk weight
RWA	Risk-weighted assets
S
SA	Standardized approach
SA-CCR	Standardized approach - counterparty credit risk
SEC-ERBA	Securitization external ratings-based approach
SEC-IRBA	Securitization internal ratings-based approach
SEC-SA	Securitization standardized approach
SFT	Securities financing transactions
SMM	Standardized measurement method
SPE	Special purpose entity
T
TLAC	Total loss-absorbing capacity
U
US GAAP	US generally accepted accounting principles
V
VaR	Value-at-risk
∆
∆EVE	Delta economic value of equity
∆NII	Delta net interest income

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Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking information

This document contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements. In addition, in the future we, and others on our behalf, may make statements that constitute forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements may include, without limitation, statements relating to the following:

■ our plans, targets or goals;

■ our future economic performance or prospects;

■ the potential effect on our future performance of certain contingencies; and

■ assumptions underlying any such statements.

Words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends” and “plans” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. We do not intend to update these forward-looking statements.

By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific, and risks exist that predictions, forecasts, projections and other outcomes described or implied in forward-looking statements will not be achieved. We caution you that a number of important factors could cause results to differ materially from the plans, targets, goals, expectations, estimates and intentions expressed in such forward-looking statements and that the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic creates significantly greater uncertainty about forward-looking statements in addition to the factors that generally affect our business. These factors include:

■ the ability to maintain sufficient liquidity and access capital markets;

■ market volatility, increases in inflation and interest rate fluctuations or developments affecting interest rate levels;

■ the ongoing significant negative consequences of the Archegos and supply chain finance funds matters and our ability to successfully resolve these matters;

■ our ability to improve our risk management procedures and policies and hedging strategies;

■ the strength of the global economy in general and the strength of the economies of the countries in which we conduct our operations, in particular the risk of negative impacts of COVID-19 on the global economy and financial markets and the risk of continued slow economic recovery or downturn in the EU, the US or other developed countries or in emerging markets in 2022 and beyond;

■ the emergence of widespread health emergencies, infectious diseases or pandemics, such as COVID-19, and the actions that may be taken by governmental authorities to contain the outbreak or to counter its impact;

■ potential risks and uncertainties relating to the severity of impacts from COVID-19 and the duration of the pandemic, including potential material adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations;

■ the direct and indirect impacts of deterioration or slow recovery in residential and commercial real estate markets;

■ adverse rating actions by credit rating agencies in respect of us, sovereign issuers, structured credit products or other credit-related exposures;

■ the ability to achieve our strategic goals, including those related to our targets, ambitions and financial goals;

■ the ability of counterparties to meet their obligations to us and the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses;

■ the effects of, and changes in, fiscal, monetary, exchange rate, trade and tax policies;

■ the effects of currency fluctuations, including the related impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations due to moves in foreign exchange rates;

■ geopolitical and diplomatic tensions, instabilities and conflicts, including war, civil unrest, terrorist activity, sanctions or other geopolitical events or escalations of hostilities;

■ political, social and environmental developments, including climate change;

■ the ability to appropriately address social, environmental and sustainability concerns that may arise from our business activities;

■ the effects of, and the uncertainty arising from, the UK’s withdrawal from the EU;

■ the possibility of foreign exchange controls, expropriation, nationalization or confiscation of assets in countries in which we conduct our operations;

■ operational factors such as systems failure, human error, or the failure to implement procedures properly;

■ the risk of cyber attacks, information or security breaches or technology failures on our reputation, business or operations, the risk of which is increased while large portions of our employees work remotely;

■ the adverse resolution of litigation, regulatory proceedings and other contingencies;

■ actions taken by regulators with respect to our business and practices and possible resulting changes to our business organization, practices and policies in countries in which we conduct our operations;

■ the effects of changes in laws, regulations or accounting or tax standards, policies or practices in countries in which we conduct our operations;

■ the discontinuation of LIBOR and other interbank offered rates and the transition to alternative reference rates;

■ the potential effects of changes in our legal entity structure;

■ competition or changes in our competitive position in geographic and business areas in which we conduct our operations;

■ the ability to retain and recruit qualified personnel;

■ the ability to protect our reputation and promote our brand;

■ the ability to increase market share and control expenses;

■ technological changes instituted by us, our counterparties or competitors;

■ the timely development and acceptance of our new products and services and the perceived overall value of these products and services by users;

■ acquisitions, including the ability to integrate acquired businesses successfully, and divestitures, including the ability to sell non-core assets; and

■ other unforeseen or unexpected events and our success at managing these and the risks involved in the foregoing.

We caution you that the foregoing list of important factors is not exclusive. When evaluating forward-looking statements, you should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and events, including the information set forth in “Risk factors” in I – Information on the company in our Annual Report 2021.

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