Business Segments and Related Information |
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Disclosure of entity's operating segments [text block] |
04 – Business segments and related information
The Group’s segmental information has been prepared in accordance with the “management approach”, which requires presentation of the segments on the basis of the internal management reports of the entity which are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker, which is the Deutsche Bank Management Board, in order to allocate resources to a segment and to assess its financial performance.
Business segments
The Group’s segment reporting follows the organizational structure as reflected in its internal management reporting systems, which are the basis for assessing the financial performance of the business segments and for allocating resources to the business segments.
The bank’s business operations are organized under the divisional structure comprising the following corporate divisions:
Compared to the prior year, the segmental information for the corporate divisions Corporate Bank, Investment Bank, Asset Management, Capital Release Unit and Corporate & Other remained unchanged in its scope, while the presentation of revenues in the Private Bank was changed. The related segment information is outlined below.
Corporate Bank reports revenues in the categories Corporate Treasury Services, Institutional Client Services and Business Banking.
Investment Bank reports revenues in the categories Fixed Income, Currency Sales & Trading and, Origination & Advisory, as well as Other.
Private Bank reports revenues in the categories Private Bank Germany and International Private Bank. Commencing from the second quarter 2022 reporting, the breakdown of revenues within the International Private Bank was refined to further align the reporting structure to the client coverage model. International Private Bank revenues are now categorized into the client segments “Wealth Management & Bank for Entrepreneurs” and “Premium Banking”. “Wealth Management & Bank for Entrepreneurs” combines the coverage of private banking, high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth clients, as well as business clients that are covered as part of the Bank for Entrepreneurs proposition. “International Private Bank Premium Banking” includes retail and affluent customers as well as commercial banking clients (i.e., all small business clients and small sized corporate clients that are not covered as part of the Bank for Entrepreneurs). Prior year comparatives are presented in the current structure.
Asset Management reports revenues in the categories Management Fees, Performance and Transaction Fees and Other.
Capital Release Unit includes the remaining assets transferred in from Equities Sales & Trading business, lower yielding fixed income positions, particularly in Rates, former Corporate & Investment Bank Non-Strategic portfolio as well as a legacy loan portfolio from the former Private & Commercial Bank in Poland.
Corporate & Other includes revenues, costs and resources held centrally that are not allocated to the individual business segments as well as valuation and timing differences that arise on derivatives used to hedge the Group’s balance sheet. These are accounting impacts, and the valuation losses are expected to be recovered over time as the underlying instruments approach maturity.
In addition, based on management decisions during the reporting period further divisional changes were introduced. The prior years' segmental information is presented in the current structure.
Measurement of segment profit or loss
Segment reporting requires a presentation of the segment results based on management reporting methods, including a reconciliation between the results of the business segments and the consolidated financial statements, which is presented in the “Segmental Results of Operations” section within this note. The information provided about each segment is based on internal management reporting about segment profit or loss, assets and other information which is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. Segment assets are presented in the Group’s internal management reporting based on a consolidated view, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances. The Group`s internal management reporting does not consider segment liabilities or interest expense separately. Similarly, depreciation and amortization, tax expenses and other comprehensive income are not presented separately internally and are therefore not disclosed here.
Non-IFRS compliant accounting methods used in the Group’s management reporting represent either valuation or classification differences. The largest valuation differences relate to measurement at fair value in management reporting versus measurement at amortized cost under IFRS and to the recognition of trading results from own shares in revenues in management reporting (in Investment Bank) and in equity under IFRS. The major classification difference relates to noncontrolling interest, which represents the net share of minority shareholders in revenues, provision for credit losses, noninterest expenses and income tax expenses. Noncontrolling interest is reported as a component of the profit before tax of the businesses in management reporting (with a reversal in Corporate & Other) and a component of net income appropriation under IFRS.
Since the Group’s business activities are diverse in nature and its operations are integrated, certain estimates and judgments have been made to apportion revenue and expense items among the business segments.
The management reporting systems allocate the Group’s external net interest income according to the value of funding consumed or provided by each business segment’s activities, in accordance with the bank’s internal funds transfer pricing framework. Furthermore, to retain comparability with those competitors that have legally independent units with their own equity funding, the Group allocates a net notional interest benefit on its consolidated capital, in line with each segment’s proportion of average shareholders’ equity.
Management uses certain measures for equity and related ratios as part of its internal reporting system because it believes that these measures provide it with a useful indication of the financial performance of the business segments. The Group discloses such measures to provide investors and analysts with further insight into how management operates the Group’s businesses and to enable them to better understand the Group’s results.
Allocation of Average Shareholder’s Equity
Shareholders’ equity is fully allocated to the Group’s segments based on the regulatory capital demand of each segment. Regulatory capital demand reflects the combined contribution of each segment to the Groups’ Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio, the Groups’ leverage ratio and the Group’s capital loss under stress. Contributions in each of the three dimensions are weighted to reflect their relative importance and level of constraint for the Group. Contributions to the CET1 ratio and the leverage ratio are measured through risk-weighted assets and leverage ratio exposure. The Group’s capital loss under stress is a measure of the Group’s overall economic risk exposure under a defined stress scenario. Goodwill and other intangible assets are directly attributed to the Group’s segments in order to allow the determination of allocated tangible shareholders’ equity and the respective returns. Shareholders’ equity and tangible shareholders’ equity is allocated on a monthly basis and averaged across quarters and for the full year.
Strategic Liquidity Reserve Profit and Loss Allocation
Commencing from the first quarter of 2022, the methodology for divisional intra-year allocations of profit or loss earned on the Strategic Liquidity Reserves has been refined. As part of the introduction of the new methodology, the intra-year profit and loss volatility is held centrally in Corporate & Other in order to better reflect the underlying performance of the business divisions. The implementation of the new methodology does not impact the overall group revenues or the annual business allocations, therefore the full year results for 2022, 2021 and 2020 are not impacted.
U.S. Tax Exempt Securities
Net interest income as a component of net revenues, profit (loss) before tax and related ratios are presented on a fully taxable-equivalent basis for US tax-exempt securities for the Investment Bank. This enables management to measure performance of taxable and tax-exempt securities on a comparable basis. This presentation resulted in an increase in Investment Bank net interest income of € 33 million for full year 2022, € 40 million for full year 2021 and € 45 million for full year 2020. This increase is offset in Group consolidated figures through a reversal in Corporate & Other. The tax rate used in determining the fully taxable-equivalent of net interest income in respect of the majority of the U.S. tax-exempt securities is 21 % for 2022, 2021 and 2020.
Infrastructure Full-time Employees realignment
In the third quarter of 2021, approximately 9,000 FTEs moved from Corporate & Other to the operating business segments driven by the bank’s decision that the Chief Operating Office will no longer be a separate Management Board function. Accordingly business-related parts of Chief Operating Office that support the Investment Bank and the Corporate Bank, which were previously run in Infrastructure, moved to those divisions. Comparative segmental financial information is presented accordingly. This change did not result in a material financial impact at a segment level, as costs are allocated from Corporate & Other to the operating business segments that are using the service of the respective infrastructure functions and with this move the costs are directly incurred by the divisions rather than being charged from Corporate & Other.
Segmental results of operations
The following tables present the results of the Group’s business segments, including the reconciliation to the consolidated results of operations under IFRS.
N/M – Not meaningful
3
The leverage ratio exposure is calculated according to CRR as applicable at the reporting date; starting with September 30, 2020, the Group was allowed to exclude certain Euro-based exposures facing Eurosystem central banks from the leverage ratio exposure based on the ECB-decision (EU) 2020/1306 and EU 2021/1074; this exclusion applied until March 31, 2022; the segmental leverage exposures are presented without that exclusion.
4
The post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity and average shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflects the reported effective tax rate for the Group, which was (2) % for the year ended December 31, 2022; for the post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity and average shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28 % for the year ended December 31, 2022; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this Annual Report.
N/M – Not meaningful
Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year
3
The leverage ratio exposure is calculated according to CRR as applicable at the reporting date; starting with September 30, 2020, the Group was allowed to exclude certain Euro-based exposures facing Eurosystem central banks from the leverage ratio exposure based on the ECB-decision (EU) 2020/1306 and EU 2021/1074; this exclusion applied until March 31, 2022; the segmental leverage exposures are presented without that exclusion.
4
The post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity and average shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflects the reported effective tax rate for the Group, which was 26 % for the year ended December 31, 2021; for the post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity and average shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28 % for the year ended December 31, 2021; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this Annual Report.
N/M – Not meaningful
Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year.
3
The leverage ratio exposure is calculated according to CRR as applicable at the reporting date; starting with September 30, 2020, the Group was allowed to exclude certain Euro-based exposures facing Eurosystem central banks from the leverage ratio exposure based on the ECB-decision (EU) 2020/1306 and EU 2021/1074; this exclusion applied until March 31, 2022; the segmental leverage exposures are presented without that exclusion.
4
The post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity and average shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflects the reported effective tax rate for the Group, which was 39 % for the year ended December 31, 2020; for the post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity and average shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28 % for the year ended December 31, 2020; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this Annual Report.
Corporate Bank
N/M – Not meaningful
Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year.
1
Segment assets represent consolidated view, i.e. the amounts do not include intersegment balances.
Investment Bank
N/M – Not meaningful
Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year.
1
Segment assets represent consolidated view, i.e. the amounts do not include intersegment balances.
Private Bank
N/M – Not meaningful
Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year.
1
Segment assets represent consolidated view, i.e. the amounts do not include intersegment balances.
2
The Group defines assets under management as (a) assets held on behalf of customers for investment purposes and/or (b) client assets that are managed by the bank; assets under management are managed on a discretionary or advisory basis, or these assets are deposited with the bank; deposits are considered assets under management if they serve investment purposes; in the Private Bank Germany and Premium Banking, this includes term deposits and savings deposits; in Wealth Management & Bank for Entrepreneurs, it is assumed that all customer deposits are held with the bank primarily for investment purposes.
Asset Management
N/M – Not meaningful
Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year.
1
Segment assets represent consolidated view, i.e. the amounts do not include intersegment balances.
Capital Release Unit
N/M – Not meaningful
Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year.
1
Segment assets represent consolidated view, i.e. the amounts do not include intersegment balances.
Corporate & Other
N/M – Not meaningful
Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year.
Entity-wide disclosures
The Group’s entity-wide Disclosures include net revenues from internal and external counterparties. Excluding revenues from internal counterparties would require disproportionate IT investment and is not in line with the Bank's management approach. For details of the net revenue components please see “Management Report: Operating and Financial Review: Results of Operations: Corporate Divisions”.
The following table presents total net revenues (before provisions for credit losses) by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The information presented for Corporate Bank, Investment Bank, Private Bank, Asset Management and Capital Release Unit has been classified based primarily on the location of the Group’s office in which the revenues are recorded. The information for Corporate & Other is presented on a global level only, as management responsibility for Corporate & Other is held centrally.
1
Consolidated net revenues comprise interest and similar income, interest expenses and total noninterest income (including net commission and fee income); revenues are attributed to countries based on the location in which the Group’s booking office is located; the location of a transaction on the Group’s books is sometimes different from the location of the headquarters or other offices of a customer and different from the location of the Group’s personnel who entered into or facilitated the transaction; where the Group records a transaction involving its staff and customers and other third parties in different locations frequently depends on other considerations, such as the nature of the transaction, regulatory considerations and transaction processing considerations.
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- References No definition available.
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- Definition The entire disclosure for operating segments. Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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