

2.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Foreign Currency Translation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include those of iRobot and its subsidiaries, after elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions. In addition, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. iRobot has prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP).

For the Company's subsidiaries that transact in a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end foreign exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period. Translation adjustments are excluded from the determination of net income and are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders' equity.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. These estimates and judgments, include but are not limited to, revenue recognition (specifically sales returns and other allowances); valuation of goodwill and acquired intangible assets; accounting for business combinations; evaluating loss contingencies; and accounting for income taxes and related valuation allowances. The Company bases these estimates and judgments on historical experience, market participant fair value considerations, projected future cash flows and various other factors that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from the Company’s estimates.

Fiscal Year-End

The Company operates and reports using a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to December 31. Accordingly, the Company’s fiscal quarters end on the Saturday that falls closest to the last day of the third month of each quarter.

Revenue Recognition

The Company primarily derives its revenue from product sales. Until the divestiture of the defense and security business unit in April 2016 (see Note 4), the Company also generated minimal revenue from government and commercial research and development contracts. The Company sells products directly to customers and indirectly through resellers and distributors. The Company recognizes revenue from sales of robots under the terms of the customer agreement upon transfer of title and risk of loss to the customer, net of estimated returns and allowances, provided that collection is determined to be reasonably assured and no significant obligations remain.

Beginning in the third quarter of 2015, the Company introduced its first connected robot. Each sale of a connected robot represents a multiple-element arrangement containing the robot, an app and potential future unspecified software upgrades. Revenue is allocated to the deliverables based on their relative selling prices which have been determined using best estimate of selling price (BESP), as the Company has not been able to establish vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE) or obtain relevant third party evidence (TPE). Revenue allocated to the app and unspecified software upgrades is then deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the period in which the Company expects to provide the upgrades, which is the estimated life of the robot.

Sales to retailers of consumer robots are typically subject to agreements allowing for limited rights of return, rebates and price protection. The Company also provides limited rights of returns for direct-to-consumer sales generated through its on-line stores and certain international distributors. Accordingly, the Company reduces revenue for its estimates of liabilities for these rights of return, rebates, and price protection, as well as discounts and promotions, at the time the related sale is recorded. The estimates for rights of return are directly based on specific terms and conditions included in the customer agreements,

historical returns experience and various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. In the case of new product introductions, the estimates for returns applied to the new products are based upon the estimates for the most similar predecessor products until such time that the Company has enough actual returns experience for the new products, which is typically two holiday return cycles. At that time, the Company incorporates that data into the development of returns estimates for the new products. The Company updates its analysis of returns on a quarterly basis. If actual returns differ significantly from the Company's estimates, or if modifications to individual customer agreements are entered into that impact their rights of returns, such differences could result in an adjustment to previously established reserves and could have a material impact, either favorably or unfavorably, on the Company’s results of operations for the period in which the actual returns become known or the agreement is modified. In 2016, the Company began selling to one domestic distributor under an agreement that provides product return privileges. As a result, the Company recognizes revenue from sales to this distributor when the product is resold by the distributor. The estimates and adjustments for rebates and price protection are based on specific programs, expected usage and historical experience. Actual results could differ from these estimates. As of December 30, 2017, the Company has reserves for product returns of $42.7 million, discounts and promotions of $58.2 million and price protection of $3.1 million. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had reserves for product returns of $27.7 million, discounts and promotions of $22.1 million and price protection of $1.5 million.

Prior to the Company's divestiture of the defense and security business unit in April 2016 (see Note 4), the Company generated minimal revenue from government contracts. Under cost-plus-fixed-fee (CPFF) type contracts, the Company recognized revenue based on costs incurred plus a pro rata portion of the total fixed fee. Costs incurred included labor and material that were directly associated with individual CPFF contracts plus indirect overhead and general and administrative type costs based upon billing rates submitted by the Company to the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA). Annually, the Company submitted final indirect billing rates to DCMA based upon actual costs incurred throughout the year. In the situation where the Company’s final actual billing rates are greater than the estimated rates used, the Company records a cumulative revenue adjustment in the period in which the rate differential is collected from the customer. These final billing rates are subject to audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA), which can occur several years after the final billing rates are submitted and may result in material adjustments to revenue recognized based on estimated final billing rates. As of December 30, 2017, fiscal year 2016 is open for audit by DCAA. In the situation where the Company’s anticipated actual billing rates will be lower than the provisional rates used, the Company records a cumulative revenue adjustment in the period in which the rate differential is identified. Revenue on firm fixed price (FFP) contracts was recognized using the percentage-of-completion method. For government product FFP contracts, revenue was recognized as the product was shipped or in accordance with the contract terms. Costs and estimated gross margins on contracts were recorded as revenue as work was performed based on the percentage that incurred costs compared to estimated total costs utilizing the most recent estimates of costs and funding. Revenue earned in excess of billings, if any, was recorded as unbilled revenue. Billings in excess of revenue earned, if any, were recorded as deferred revenue.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for transactions that represent business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. The Company allocates the total consideration paid for each acquisition to the assets it acquires and liabilities it assumes based on their fair values as of the date of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets. The Company bases the fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination on valuations that use information and assumptions determined by management and which consider management’s best estimates of inputs and assumptions that a market participant would use. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the business combination date, its estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which is generally one year from the acquisition date, any adjustment to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded against goodwill in the period in which the amount is determined. Any adjustment identified subsequent to the measurement period is included in operating results in the period in which the amount is determined.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company invests its excess cash primarily in money market funds or savings accounts of major financial institutions. Accordingly, its cash equivalents are subject to minimal credit and market risk. At December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, cash equivalents were comprised of money market funds totaling $3.2 million and $157.0 million, respectively. These cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

Short Term Investments

The Company’s investments are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value with any unrealized gain or loss recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity. The fair value of investments is determined based on quoted market prices at the reporting date for those instruments. As of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, investments consisted of:



	December 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Cost		Fair Market Value		Cost		Fair Market Value
	(In thousands)
Corporate and government bonds	$	37,767	$	37,225	$	40,439	$	39,930
Total short term investments	$	37,767	$	37,225	$	40,439	$	39,930

As of December 30, 2017, the Company’s investments had maturity dates ranging from March 2018 to September 2020. The Company invests primarily in investment grade securities and limits the amount of investment in any single issuer.

Accounts receivable allowances

Allowance for product returns: The Company records an allowance for product returns for the estimated amount of product that may be returned. The allowance is based on specific terms and conditions included in the customer agreements, historical returns experience and various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances.

Allowance for discounts and promotions: The Company records an allowance for discounts and promotions related to promotional marketing support, contractual discounts, etc. The allowance is based on specific programs, expected usage and historical experience.

Allowance for price protection: The Company records an allowance for price protection for the estimated amount of support expected to be provided to customers for product transitions. The allowance is based on specific programs, expected usage and historical experience.

Allowance for doubtful accounts: The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts for the estimated amount of accounts receivable that may not be collected. The allowance is based on an assessment of customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience and the age of outstanding receivables.

Activity related to accounts receivable allowances was as follows:



	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 30, 2017			December 31, 2016			January 2, 2016
	(In thousands)
Allowance for product returns
Balance at beginning of period	$	27,673		$	25,992		$	27,449
Acquired balance	6,088			—			—
Provision	54,981			33,992			27,432
Deduction	(43,831		)	(28,826		)	(21,979		)
Other adjustments	(2,218		)	(3,485		)	(6,910		)
Balance at end of period	$	42,693		$	27,673		$	25,992

Allowance for discounts and promotions
Balance at beginning of period	$	22,108		$	23,005		$	10,749
Acquired balance	11,932			—			—
Provision	107,390			45,869			39,482
Deduction	(79,652		)	(46,610		)	(26,587		)
Other adjustments	(3,567		)	(156		)	(639		)
Balance at end of period	$	58,211		$	22,108		$	23,005

Allowance for price protection
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,550		$	—		$	—
Acquired balance	—			—			—
Provision	3,215			1,550			—
Deduction	(1,617		)	—			—
Other adjustments	—			—			—
Balance at end of period	$	3,148		$	1,550		$	—

Allowance for doubtful accounts
Balance at beginning of period	$	29		$	33		$	67
Acquired balance	248			—			—
Provision	1			—			—
Deduction	(2		)	(4		)	(34		)
Other adjustments	—			—			—
Balance at end of period	$	276		$	29		$	33

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost being determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The Company maintains a reserve for inventory items to provide for an estimated amount of excess or obsolete inventory.

Warranty

The Company typically provides a one-year warranty (with the exception of European consumer products, which typically have a two-year warranty period) against defects in materials and workmanship and will either repair the goods, provide replacement products at no charge to the customer or refund amounts to the customer for defective products. The Company records estimated warranty costs, based on historical experience by product, at the time revenue is recognized. Actual results could differ from these estimates, which could cause increases or decreases to the warranty reserves in future periods.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and consist primarily of computer equipment, leasehold improvements, business applications software and machinery. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows:



	Estimated Useful Life
Computer and research equipment	2-5 years
Furniture	5
Machinery	2-5
Tooling	2-5
Business applications software	5-7
Capital leases and leasehold improvements	Lesser of economic benefit period or term of lease

Expenditures for additions, renewals and betterments of property and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. As assets are retired or sold, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to operations.

Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but rather is assessed for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) annually or more frequently if the Company believes indicators of impairment exist. Goodwill impairment, if any, is determined by comparing the reporting unit's fair value to its carrying value. An impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the reporting unit's carrying value over its fair value, up to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The Company completes the annual impairment evaluation during the fourth quarter each year.

Other long-lived assets consist principally of completed technology, tradename, customer relationships, reacquired distribution rights and non-competition agreements. Reacquired distribution rights are amortized on an accelerated basis while all other intangible assets are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, consistent with the pattern in which the economic benefits are being utilized.

The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of other long-lived assets whenever events and changes in circumstances, such as reductions in demand or significant economic slowdowns in the industry, indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. When indicators of impairment are present, the carrying values of the asset group are evaluated in relation to the future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying business. The net book value of the underlying asset is adjusted to fair value if the sum of the expected discounted cash flows is less than book value. Fair values are based on estimates of market prices and assumptions concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and assumed discount rates, reflecting varying degrees of perceived risk.

The impairment assessment of goodwill and other long-lived assets involves significant estimates and assumptions, which may be unpredictable and inherently uncertain. These estimates and assumptions include identification of reporting units and asset groups, long-term growth rates, profitability, estimated useful lives, comparable market multiples, and discount rates. Any changes in these assumptions could impact the result of the impairment assessment.

Other Assets

At December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, other assets consisted primarily of cost and an equity method investment totaling $14.2 million and $12.9 million, respectively. The Company regularly monitors these investments to determine if facts and circumstances have changed in a manner that would require a change in accounting methodology. Additionally, the Company regularly evaluates whether or not these investments have been impaired by considering such factors as economic environment, market conditions, operational performance and other specific factors relating to the businesses underlying the investments. If any such impairment is identified, a reduction in the carrying value of the investments would be recorded at that time.

Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company utilizes derivative instruments to hedge specific financial risks including foreign exchange risk. The Company does not engage in speculative hedging activity. In order to account for a derivative instrument as a hedge, specific criteria must be met, including: (i) ensuring at the inception of the hedge that formal documentation exists for both the hedging relationship and the entity’s risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge and (ii) at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the hedging relationship is expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value attributed to the hedged risk during the period that the hedge is designated. Further, an assessment of effectiveness is required whenever financial statements or earnings are reported. Absent meeting these criteria, changes in fair value are recognized in other income, net, in the consolidated statements of income. Once the underlying forecasted transaction is realized, the gain or loss from the derivative designated as a hedge of the transaction is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the statement of income, in revenue or cost of revenue. Any ineffective portion of the derivatives designated as cash flow hedges is recognized in current earnings.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company accounts for certain assets and liabilities at fair value. The fair value is established based on a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:

•Level 1 - observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;


•	Level 2 - inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and


•	Level 3 - unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation through recognition of the fair value of the stock-based compensation as a charge against earnings. The fair value of employee stock options is estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value for restricted stock awards, time-based restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units is based on the closing share price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. For performance-based restricted stock units, the compensation cost is recognized based on the number of units expected to vest upon the achievement of the performance conditions. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation as expense over the requisite service period. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than applying an estimated forfeiture rate, following its adoption of ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017.

Research and Development

Costs incurred in the research and development of the Company’s products are expensed as incurred.

Internal Use Software

The Company capitalizes costs associated with the development and implementation of software for internal use. At December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had $12.8 million and $9.5 million, respectively, of costs related to enterprise-wide software included in fixed assets. Capitalized costs are being amortized over the assets’ estimated useful lives. The Company has recorded $1.5 million, $0.4 million and $0.7 million of amortization expense for the years ended December 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively.

Advertising Expense

The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. During the years ended December 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 advertising expense totaled $91.8 million, $64.4 million and $54.7 million, respectively, and are recorded within the selling and marketing expenses line item.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled in each jurisdiction. A valuation allowance is provided if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that the related benefits will not be realized. The Company regularly reviews the deferred tax assets for recoverability considering historical profitability, projected future taxable income, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, as well as feasible tax planning strategies in each jurisdiction. As of December 30, 2017, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $0.8 million for certain foreign deferred tax assets for which the Company believes do not meet the "more likely than not" criteria for recognition.

The Company reports a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Act") was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. We have estimated our provision for income taxes in accordance with the Act and guidance available as of the date of this filing and as a result have recorded a one-time income tax provision of $11.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2017, the period in which the legislation was enacted. The one-time income tax provision includes $8.9 million related to the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the tax rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future. The one-time income tax expense also includes a provisional amount of $3.0 million related to the one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings.

On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) was issued to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act. In accordance with SAB 118, we have determined that the $3.0 million of current income tax provision recorded relating to the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings was a provisional amount and a reasonable estimate at December 30, 2017. Additional information and analysis is necessary to complete the calculation and accounting relating to the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. Any subsequent adjustments to this amount will be recorded to current income tax provision during the measurement period which is not expected to extend beyond one year from the enactment date.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of accounts receivable. Management believes its credit policies are prudent and reflect normal industry terms and business risk. At December 30, 2017, one customer accounted for a total of 11.5% of the Company's accounts receivable balance. At December 31, 2016, three customers accounted for a total of 43.9% of the Company's accounts receivable balance, each of which was greater than 10% of the balance and two of whom secured their balance with guaranteed letters of credit, which together represents 32.5% of the balance. For the fiscal year ended December 30, 2017, the Company generated 13.5% of total revenue from one of its retailers (Amazon). For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Company generated 12.9%, 12.3% and 10.4% of total revenue from its distributor in Japan, Sales On Demand Corporation (SODC), Robopolis SAS, a network of affiliated European distributors (Robopolis) and Amazon, respectively. For the fiscal year ended January 2, 2016, the Company generated 13.3% and 12.7% of total revenue from SODC and Robopolis, respectively. On April 3, 2017, the Company acquired the iRobot-related distribution business of SODC, and on October 2, 2017, the Company acquired Robopolis (see Note 3).

The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts at high quality financial institutions. The individual balances, at times, may exceed federally insured limits.

Net Income Per Share

Basic income per share is calculated using the Company's weighted-average outstanding common shares. Diluted income per share is calculated using the Company's weighted-average outstanding common shares including the dilutive effect of stock awards as determined under the treasury stock method. The following table presents the calculation of both basic and diluted net income per share:



	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		January 2, 2016
Net income	$	50,964	$	41,939	$	44,130
Weighted-average shares outstanding	27,611		27,698		29,550
Dilutive effect of employee stock options and restricted shares	1,142		594		557
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	28,753		28,292		30,107
Basic income per share	$	1.85	$	1.51	$	1.49
Diluted income per share	$	1.77	$	1.48	$	1.47

Restricted stock units and stock options representing approximately 0.0 million, 0.4 million and 0.5 million shares of common stock for the fiscal years ended December 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been antidilutive.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards update (ASU) No. 2017-09, "Stock Compensation – Scope of Modification Accounting," that clarifies that all changes to share-based payment awards are not necessarily accounted for as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. This guidance is effective prospectively beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. This guidance will apply to any future modifications. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company adopted this standard, which did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, "Business Combinations; Clarifying the Definition of a Business." ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company adopted this standard, which did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other." ASU 2017-04 eliminates step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, instead requiring that an entity recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company adopted this standard, which did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." ASU 2016-15 refines how companies classify certain aspects of the cash flow statement in regards to debt prepayment, settlement of debt instruments, contingent consideration payments, proceeds from insurance claims and life insurance policies, distribution from equity method investees, beneficial interests in securitization transactions and separately identifiable cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company adopted this standard, which did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting," which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. Under the new standard, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are recorded as a component of the provision for income taxes in the reporting period in which they occur. Additionally, ASU 2016-09 requires that the Company present excess tax benefits on the Statement of Cash Flows as an operating activity. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2017 and elected to apply this adoption prospectively. Upon the adoption, the Company elected to account for forfeitures of share-based payments as they occur prospectively. Prior periods have not been adjusted. As of the adoption date, this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, "Inventory: Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory." ASU 2015-11 applies only to inventory for which cost is determined by methods other than last-in, first-out and the retail inventory method, which includes inventory that is measured using first-in, first-out or average cost. Inventory within the scope of this standard is required to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The Company adopted ASU 2015-11 effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging," that was created to better align accounting rules with a company’s risk management activities, better reflect the economic results of hedging in the financial statements, and simplify hedge accounting treatment. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. For cash flow hedges existing at the adoption date, the standard requires adoption on a modified retrospective basis with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the consolidated balance sheet as of the beginning of the year of adoption. The amendments to presentation guidance and disclosure requirements are required to be adopted prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, "Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory." ASU 2016-16 clarifies the accounting for the current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. ASU 2016-16 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of ASU 2016-16 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases." ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities on their balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by most leases and continue to recognize expenses on their income statements over the lease term. It will also require disclosures designed to give financial statement users information on the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements, and currently expects that most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon its adoption of ASU 2016-02, which will increase the total assets and total liabilities that the Company reports relative to such amounts prior to adoption.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which provides guidance for revenue recognition. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new guidance was originally effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. In July 2015, the FASB voted to defer the effective date of the new accounting guidance related to revenue recognition by one year to December 17, 2017 for annual reporting periods beginning after that date and permitted early adoption of the standard, but not before the original effective date of December 15, 2016. The standard will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2018. The Company will adopt the standard using the modified retrospective method.

The Company primarily derives its revenue from product sales. The adoption is not expected to have a material effect on the timing of recognition or measurement of revenue from the Company’s product sales. The Company also derives revenue from sales of connected robots, which represent arrangements with multiple performance obligations consisting of the robot, the iRobot Home app, potential future unspecified software upgrades and cloud services. ASU 2014-09 requires revenue to be allocated amongst material performance obligations based on stand-alone selling price and recognized based on the transfer of control of the material performance obligations. It is the Company’s position that the app, upgrades and cloud services related to the current offerings constitute a single immaterial performance obligation and therefore, the revenue associated with the robot and services will be recognized upon transfer of control to the customer.

The Company's product sales are typically subject to limited rights of return, rebates, discounts and promotions and price protection. Accordingly, the Company reduces revenue for its estimates of allowances for these rights of return, rebates, discounts and promotions and price protection at the time the related sale is recorded based on contractual term, future expectation and historical experience. The Company does not expect that there will be material changes to the recognition of these allowances, and that these will continue to be recorded at the time the related revenue is recorded for the sales. The Company does expect that upon adoption of the standard, certain compliance-related charges will be estimated and recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time of sale, rather than upon resolution of the validity of the charges, but expects the impact of this to be immaterial to revenue.

The Company does not expect the provisions of the new standard to impact the manner in which it treats certain costs to fulfill contracts (i.e., shipping and handling costs) and costs to acquire new contracts (i.e., commissions). Under the new standard, the Company will elect the practical expedient on shipping and handling costs and continue to treat these costs as fulfillment costs and expense as incurred. Further, commissions will continue to be expensed as incurred as the impact to the consolidated financial statements is immaterial. The new standard will also result in enhanced revenue related disclosures.

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by FASB that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption.