Share-based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]

Total share-based compensation expense related to share-based awards excluding the acceleration of Antares unvested equity awards was comprised of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Research and development	$	2,695	$	1,842	$	7,168	$	5,254
Selling, general and administrative	4,102		3,557		10,006		10,440
Share-based compensation expense	$	6,797	$	5,399	$	17,174	$	15,694

Share-based compensation expense by type of share-based award (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Stock options	$	2,801	$	2,629	$	7,924	$	7,747
RSAs, RSUs, PSUs and ESPP	3,996		2,770		9,250		7,947
	$	6,797	$	5,399	$	17,174	$	15,694

We granted stock options to purchase approximately 0.1 million and 32.5 thousand shares of common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and 1.6 million and 0.7 million shares of common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The exercise price of stock options granted is equal to the closing price of the common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model (“Black-Scholes model”). Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of our common stock. The expected term of options granted is based on analyses of historical employee termination rates and option exercises. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield for a period consistent with the expected term of the option in effect at the time of the grant. The dividend yield assumption is based on the expectation of no future dividend payments. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Expected volatility	40.37-50.80%	42.90-44.73%	40.37-50.80%	42.90-46.45%
Average expected term (in years)	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7
Risk-free interest rate	2.66-3.39%	0.66-0.89%	1.37-3.39%	0.36-0.89%
Expected dividend yield	—	—	—	—

In February 2021, our Board of Directors approved our 2021 ESPP and our stockholders approved the plan in May 2021. The ESPP enables eligible employees to purchase shares of our common stock at the end of each offering period at a price equal to 85% of the fair market value of the shares on the first business day or the last business day of the offering period, whichever is lower. Share purchases are funded through payroll deduction of at least 1% and up to 15% of an employee’s compensation for each payroll period, and no employee may purchase shares under the ESPP that exceeds $25,000 worth of our common stock for a calendar year. As of September 30, 2022, 2,665,369 shares were available for future purchase. The offering period is generally for a six-months period and the first offering period commenced on June 16, 2021. Offering periods shall commence on or about the sixteenth day of June and December of each year and end on or about the fifteenth day of the next December and June, respectively, occurring thereafter.

Total unrecognized estimated compensation cost by type of award and the weighted-average remaining requisite service period over which such expense is expected to be recognized was as follows (in thousands, unless otherwise noted):


	September 30, 2022
	Unrecognized Expense		Remaining Weighted-Average Recognition Period (years)
Stock options	$	27,500	2.73

RSUs	$	30,791	2.58
PSUs	$	4,530	2.16
ESPP	$	77	0.21