UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
For the quarterly period
ended
For the transition period from_______ to ________
Commission File Number:
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
, PRC
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| The |
Indicate by check
mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act
during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark
whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit
such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company | |||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark
whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐
No
The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of May 3, 2023 is as follows:
| Class of Securities | Shares Outstanding | |
| Common Stock, $0.001 par value |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
| March 31, | September 30, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| ASSETS | (Unaudited) | |||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||
| Contract assets | ||||||||
| Prepayment | ||||||||
| Real estate property development completed | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Security deposits | ||||||||
| Real estate property under development | ||||||||
| Due from local governments for real estate property development completed | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Construction loans | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Other payables | ||||||||
| Construction deposits | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities | ||||||||
| Customer deposits | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Taxes payable | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Statutory surplus | ||||||||
| Retained earnings | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
1
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
| Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Real estate sales, net of sales tax | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of real estate sales | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling and distribution expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Interest income, net | ||||||||||||||||
| Other (expense) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| (Loss)/Income before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | ||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss)/income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive (loss)/income | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Basic and diluted income per common share: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||
| Diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | ||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Paid-in | Statutory | Retained | Comprehensive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Surplus | Earnings | Income (loss) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income for the period | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2021 - unaudited | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private placements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income for the period | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2022 - unaudited | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2022 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private placements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income for the period | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2023 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| Six months ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||
| Net (loss)/income | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Contract assets | ||||||||
| Real estate property development completed | ||||||||
| Real estate property under development | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other current assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payables | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other payables | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Customer deposits | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accrued expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Taxes payables | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flow from investing activities | ||||||||
| Prepayment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flow from financing activities | ||||||||
| Proceeds from private placements | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Effect of changes of foreign exchange rate on cash and restricted cash | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and restricted cash, beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | $ | ||||||
| Income taxes paid | $ | $ | ||||||
| Reconciliation of net cash: | ||||||||
| Cash, end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Restricted, end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total cash and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash, beginning of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Restricted, beginning of pe | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total cash and restricted cash, beginning of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-cash financing activities: | ||||||||
| Reclassification of interest payable to other liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Settlement of accounts payable with real estate property* | $ | $ | ||||||
| Settlement of accounts payable and accounts receivable* | $ | $ | ||||||
| Real estate sales for settlement in real estate property under development | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Green Giant Inc., formerly China HGS Real Estate Inc. (“GGE” or the “Company” or “we”, “us”, “our”), through its subsidiaries and the variable interest entity (the “VIE”), engages in real estate development, and the construction and sales of residential apartments, parking spaces and commercial properties in Tier 3 and Tier 4 cities and counties in China. On March 23, 2022, the Company completed the change of its name from China HGS Real Estate Inc. to Green Giant Inc., effective immediately (the “Name Change”).
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on January 13, 2023.
Liquidity
In recent years, the
Chinese government has implemented measures to control overheating residential and commercial property prices including but not limited
to restrictions on home purchase, increasing the down-payment requirement against speculative buying, development of low-cost rental housing
properties to help low-income groups while reducing the demand in the commercial housing market, increasing real estate property taxes
to discourage speculation, control of the land supply and slowdown the construction land auction process, etc. In addition, in December
2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) surfaced. COVID-19 has spread rapidly throughout China and worldwide, which has caused
significant volatility in the PRC and international markets. There is significant uncertainty around the breadth and duration of business
disruptions related to COVID-19, as well as its impact on the PRC and international economies. To reduce the spread of COVID-19, the Chinese
government has employed measures including city lockdowns, quarantines, travel restrictions, suspension of business activities and school
closures. Due to difficulties resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including, but not limited to, the temporary closure of the Company’s
facilities and operations beginning in early February through early March 2020, limited support from the Company’s employees, delayed
access to construction raw material supplies, reduced customer visits to the Company’s sales office, and inability to promote real
estate property sales to customers on a timely basis, The Company had real estate sales of approximately $
5
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (continued)
In assessing its
liquidity, management monitors and analyzes the Company’s cash on-hand, its ability to generate sufficient revenue sources in
the future, and its operating and capital expenditure commitments. As of March 31, 2023, our total cash and restricted cash balance
was approximately $
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, China HGS Investment Inc. (“HGS Investment”), Shaanxi HGS Management and Consulting Co., Ltd. (“Shaanxi HGS”) and the VIE, Shaanxi Guangsha Investment and Development Group Co., Ltd. (“Guangsha”). All inter-company transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries and the VIE have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the assumptions and estimates used by management in recognizing development revenue under the percentage of completion method, the selection of the useful lives of property and equipment, provision necessary for contingent liabilities, revenue recognition, taxes and budgeted costs. Management believes that the estimates utilized in preparing its consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Fair value of financial instruments
The Company follows the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.” It clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1 – Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.
6
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Level 2 – Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 – Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions or what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.
The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for cash, restricted cash and all other current assets, security deposits for land use rights, loans and all current liabilities approximate their fair value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments. The fair value of the customer, construction and security deposits approximate their carrying amounts because the deposits are received in cash. It was impractical to estimate the fair value of the amount due from the local government and the other payables.
Revenue recognition
The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized in accordance with the transfer of goods and services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to for those goods and services. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:
| ● | identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; |
| ● | identification of the performance obligations in the contract; |
| ● | determination of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; |
| ● | allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and |
| ● | recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. |
Most of the Company’s revenue is derived from real estate sales of condominiums and commercial properties in the PRC. The majority of the Company’s contracts contain a single performance obligation involving significant real estate development activities that are performed together to deliver a real estate property to its customers. Revenues arising from real estate sales are recognized when or as the control of the asset is transferred to the customer. The control of the asset may transfer over time or at a point in time. For the sales of individual condominium units in a real estate development project, the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, revenue is recognized over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation (“percentage completion method”). Otherwise, revenue is recognized at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the asset. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any construction in progress recognized under the percentage of completion method.
7
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Revenue recognition (continued)
Disaggregation of Revenue
Disaggregated revenues are as follows:
| For the three months ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Revenue recognized for completed condominium real estate projects, net of sales tax | $ | $ | ||||||
| Revenue recognized for condominium real estate projects under development, net of sales tax | ||||||||
| Total revenue, net of sales tax | $ | $ | ||||||
| For the six months ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Revenue recognized for completed condominium real estate projects, net of sales tax | $ | $ | ||||||
| Revenue recognized for condominium real estate projects under development, net of sales tax | ||||||||
| Total revenue, net of sales tax | $ | $ | ||||||
Contract balances
Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billing and cash receipts from customers. The Company records a contract asset when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or a contract liability when cash is received in advance of recognizing revenue. A contract asset is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Contract assets include billed and billable receivables, which are the Company’s unconditional rights to consideration other than the passage of time. Contract liabilities include cash collected in advance and in excess of revenue recognized. Customer deposits are excluded from contract liabilities.
The Company immediately expenses sales commissions (included under selling expenses) because sales commission are not expected to be recovered.
The Company provides
“mortgage loan guarantees” only with respect to buyers who make down-payments of
8
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Foreign currency translation
The Company’s financial information is presented in U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the Company’s operating entity, the VIE, is Renminbi (“RMB”), the currency of the PRC. The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30 “Translation of Financial Statements”. The financial information is first prepared in RMB and then is translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and average exchange rates as to revenue, expenses and cash flows. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity.
| For three months ended | For six months ended | |||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Period end RMB: USD exchange rate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Period average RMB: USD exchange rate | ||||||||||||||||||||
The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at the rates used in translation.
Real estate property development completed and under development
Real estate property consists of finished residential unit sites, commercial offices and residential unit sites under development. The Company leases the land for the residential unit sites under land use right leases with various terms from the PRC government. The cost of land use rights is included in the development cost and allocated to each project. Real estate property development completed and real estate property under development are stated at the lower of cost or fair value.
Expenditures for land development, including cost of land use rights, deed tax, pre-development costs, and engineering costs, exclusive of depreciation, are capitalized and allocated to development projects by the specific identification method. Costs are allocated to specific units within a project based on the ratio of the sales area of units to the estimated total sales area of the project (or phase of the project) multiplied by the total cost of the project (or phase of the project).
Cost of amenities transferred to buyers is allocated to specific units as a component of total construction cost. The amenity cost includes landscaping, road paving, etc. Once the projects are completed, the amenities are under control of the property management companies.
Real estate property development completed and under development are subject to valuation adjustments when the carrying amount exceeds fair value. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the assets is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. The Company reviews all of its real estate projects for future losses and impairment by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows for each project to the carrying value of such project. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not recognize any impairment loss for its real estate properties.
9
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Capitalization of Interest
Interest incurred during
and directly related to real estate development projects is capitalized to the related real estate property under development during the
active development period, which generally commences when borrowings are used to acquire real estate assets and ends when the properties
are substantially complete or the property becomes inactive. Interest is capitalized based on the interest rate applicable to specific
borrowings or the weighted average of the rates applicable to other borrowings during the period. Interest capitalized to real estate
properties under development is recorded as a component of the cost of real estate sales when related units are sold. All other interest
is expensed as incurred. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, the total interest capitalized for real estate property development
was $
Impairment of long-lived assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.
Assets are grouped and evaluated at the lowest level for their identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. The Company considers historical performance and future estimated results in its evaluation of potential impairment and then compares the carrying amount of the asset to the future estimated cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated expected undiscounted future cash flows, the Company measures the amount of impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to its fair value. The estimation of fair value is generally determined by using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value. The Company estimates fair value of the assets based on certain assumptions such as budgets, internal projections, and other available information as considered necessary. There was no impairment of long-lived assets for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Income taxes
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes,” deferred tax assets and liabilities are for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowances is established, when necessary, to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
ASC 740-10-25 prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax positions taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. It also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, years open for tax examination, accounting for income taxes in interim periods and income tax disclosures. There are no material uncertain tax positions as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022.
The Company is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Florida. However, all of the Company’s operations are conducted solely by its subsidiaries and the VIE in the PRC. No income is earned in the United States and the management does not repatriate any earnings outside the PRC. As a result, the Company did not generate any U.S. taxable income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. As of March 31, 2023, the Chinese entities’ income tax returns filed in China for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 are subject to examination by the Chinese taxing authorities.
The parent Company, Green Giant’s both U.S. federal tax returns and Florida state tax returns are delinquent since 2009. Its tax years ended September 30, 2009 through September 30, 2022 remain open for statutory examination by U.S. federal and state tax authorities.
10
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Income taxes (continued)
On December 22, 2017,
the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code.
Changes include, but are not limited to, a U.S. corporate tax rate decrease from
Land appreciation tax (“LAT”)
In accordance with the relevant taxation laws in the PRC, the Company is subject to LAT based on progressive rates on the appreciation of land value, which is calculated as the proceeds of sales of properties less deductible expenditures including borrowing costs and all property development expenditures. LAT is exempted if the appreciation values do not exceed certain thresholds specified in the relevant tax laws.
The whole project must
be completed before the LAT obligation can be assessed. Accordingly, the Company records the liability and the total related expense
at the completion of a project unless the tax authorities impose an assessment at an earlier date. The methods to implement this tax
law vary among different geographic areas. Hanzhong, where the projects Mingzhu Garden, Nan Dajie and Central Plaza are located, implements
this tax rule by requiring real estate companies prepay the LAT based upon customer deposits received. The tax rate in Hanzhong
is
Comprehensive income (loss)
In accordance with ASC 220-10-55, comprehensive income (loss) is defined as all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. The Company’s only components of other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were net income and foreign currency translation adjustments.
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share
The Company computes earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) in accordance with the ASC 260, “Earnings per share”, which requires companies to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net income (loss) divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS but presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.
As of March 31, 2023,
there were outstanding warrants to purchase approximately
11
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Concentration risk
The Company’s
operations are carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may
be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The
Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with
companies in North America. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect
to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation,
among other things. Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally
of cash and trade accounts receivable. The Company’s cash and restricted cash were on deposit at financial institutions in the
PRC, which the management believes are of high credit quality. In May, 2015, China’s new Deposit Insurance Regulation came
into effect, pursuant to which banking financial institutions, such as commercial banks, established in China are required to
purchase deposit insurance for deposits in RMB and in foreign currencies placed with them. Such Deposit Insurance Regulation would
not be effective in providing complete protection for the Company’s accounts, as its aggregate deposits are much higher than
the compensation limit of RMB
For the three and six
months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any individual customer that accounted for more than
NOTE 3. PREPAYMENT
As of March 31, 2023, prepayments were as follows:
| March 31, | September 30, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Energy equipment | $ | $ | ||||||
| Professional service | ||||||||
| Supply of zorba scrap | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| (A) | On March 23, 2023, Green Giant Energy Texas Inc. (“Green Giant Energy”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Green Giant Inc., entered into a sales contract with AGR Enterprises Inc. (“AGR”), pursuant to which Green Giant Energy agreed to purchase, and AGR agreed to sell to Green Giant Energy, 80 MT Zorba Scrap, with the unit price of $ |
| (B) | In 1st quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company made the prepayment in $ |
| (C) | In 4th quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company made the prepayment in $ |
12
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 4. REAL ESTATE PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT COMPLETED AND UNDER DEVELOPMENT
The following summarizes the components of real estate property development completed and under development as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022:
| Balance as of | ||||||||
| March 31, 2023 | September 30, 2022 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Development completed: | ||||||||
| Hanzhong City Mingzhu Garden Phase II | $ | $ | ||||||
| Hanzhong City Oriental Pearl Garden | ||||||||
| Yang County Yangzhou Pearl Garden Phase II | ||||||||
| Yang County Yangzhou Palace | ||||||||
| Real estate property development completed | $ | $ | ||||||
| Under development: | ||||||||
| Hanzhong City Liangzhou Road and related projects (a) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Hanzhong City Hanfeng Beiyuan East (b) | ||||||||
| Hanzhong City Beidajie (b) | ||||||||
| Yang County East 2nd Ring Road (c) | ||||||||
| Real estate property under development | $ | $ | ||||||
| Impairment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Real estate property under development | ||||||||
| (a) | In September 2013, the Company entered into an agreement (“Liangzhou Agreement”) with the Hanzhong local government on the Liangzhou Road reformation and expansion project (Liangzhou Road Project”). Pursuant to the agreement, the Company is contracted to reform and expand the Liangzhou Road, a commercial street in downtown Hanzhong City, with a total length of 2,080 meters and a width of 30 meters and to resettle the existing residences in the Liangzhou road area. The government’s original road construction budget was approximately $ |
The
Company’s development cost incurred for the Liangzhou Road Project is treated as the Company’s deposit on purchasing the
related land use rights, as agreed by the local government. As of March 31, 2023, the actual costs incurred by the Company
were approximately $
| (b) | |
| (c) |
13
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 5. CONSTRUCTION LOANS
| March 31, | September 30, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Loan A | $ | $ | ||||||
| Loan B | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| (A) |
| (B) | In December 2016, the Company signed a loan agreement with Hantai
District Urban Construction Investment Development Co., Ltd, a state-owned Company, to borrow up to approximately $ |
| (C) | Additionally, in September 2017, the Urban Development Center
Co., Ltd. approved a construction loan for the Company in the amount of approximately $ |
14
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 6. CUSTOMER DEPOSITS
Customer deposits consist of amounts received from customers for the pre-sale of residential units in the PRC. The detail of customer deposits is as follows:
| March 31, | September 30, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Customer deposits by real estate projects: | ||||||||
| Mingzhu Garden (Mingzhu Nanyuan and Mingzhu Beiyuan) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Oriental Pearl Garden | ||||||||
| Liangzhou road and related projects | ||||||||
| Yangzhou Pearl Garden | ||||||||
| Yang County East 2nd Ring Road | ||||||||
| Yangzhou Palace | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Customer deposits are
typically
NOTE 7. TAXES
(A) Business sales tax and VAT
The Company is subject
to a
(B) Corporate income taxes (“CIT”)
The Company’s PRC
subsidiary and VIE are governed by the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China for privately run enterprises, which are
generally subject to income tax on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments. The Company’s
CIT rate is
15
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 7. TAXES (continued)
The following table reconciles the statutory rates to the Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Chinese statutory tax rate | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance change and other adjustments* | ( | )% | % | ( | )% | % | ||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | % | % | $ | - | % | % | ||||||||||
| * | other adjustment mainly represented non-deductible expenses for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. |
Income tax expense for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is summarized as follows:
Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Current tax provision | $ | $ | $ | - | $ | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax provision | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision | $ | $ | $ | - | $ | |||||||||||
Recent
U.S. federal tax legislation, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “U.S. Tax Reform”), was signed into
law on December 22, 2017. The U.S. Tax Reform significantly modified the U.S. Internal Revenue Code by, among other things, reducing
the statutory U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from
For the year ended September 30,
2018, the Company recognized a one-time transition toll tax of approximately $
16
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 7. TAXES (continued)
(C) Land Appreciation Tax (“LAT”)
Since January 1,
1994, LAT has been applicable at progressive tax rates ranging from
As of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the outstanding LAT payable balance was with respect to completed real estate properties sold up to March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively.
(D) Taxes payable consisted of the following:
| March 31, | September 30, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| CIT | $ | $ | ||||||
| Business tax | ||||||||
| Other taxes and fees | ||||||||
| Tax payable | $ | $ | ||||||
NOTE 8. COMMON STOCK
On January 14, 2022,
the Company closed a private placement with certain investors. In connection with the private placement, the Company issued an aggregate
of
On March 16, 2022, the
Company entered into a certain securities purchase agreement (the “SPA”) with certain purchasers whom are “non-U.S.
Persons” (the “Investors”) as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act, pursuant to which the Company agreed to
sell an aggregate of
In connection with the
private placement of
17
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 8. COMMON STOCK (continued)
On March 30, 2022, the transaction contemplated by the SPA closed.
On September 25, 2012, our shareholders approved
the Company’s 2012 Omnibus Securities and Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan provides for the grant of
awards which are distribution equivalent rights, incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, performance shares, performance
units, restricted shares of common stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), tandem stock appreciation
rights, unrestricted shares of common stock or any combination of the foregoing, to key management employees and nonemployee directors
of, and nonemployee consultants of, the Company or any of its subsidiaries (each a “participant”). We have reserved a total
of
The Company awards common stocks to a director and three consultants pursuant to the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, which was registered on the Form S-8. Compensation cost related to such awards is measured based on the fair value of the instrument on the grant date. These common stocks are vested immediately after granted.
On August 10, 2022, Board of directors of the
Company issued an aggregate of
On September 6, 2022, the Company awarded Jian
Zhang, one of the independent directors of the Board, of
Total share-based compensation amounts to $
On January 27,
2023, the company granted
18
GREEN GIANT INC.
(FORMERLY CHINA HGS REAL ESTATE INC.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, the Company is a party to various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues costs related to these matters when they become probable and as a result the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. In determining whether a loss from a claim is probable, and if it is possible to estimate the loss, the Company reviews and evaluates its litigation and regulatory matters on at least a quarterly basis in light of potentially relevant factual and legal developments. If the Company determines a favorable outcome is probable, or that the amount of loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the Company does not accrue costs for a potential litigation loss.
As of March 31, 2023,
the VIE, Guangsha, was subject to several civil disputes with a supplier (the “General Contractor”), a general contractor
of the Company’s certain real estate projects. The total claim by the supplier is approximately $
In addition, there are 139 cases against the Company,
the total claims of year to day amounts to $
As an industry practice, the Company provides guarantees to PRC banks
with respect to loans procured by the purchasers of the Company’s real estate properties for the total mortgage loan amount until
the buyer obtains the “Certificate of Ownership” of the properties from the government, which generally takes six to twelve
months. Because the banks provide loan proceeds without getting the “Certificate of Ownership” as loan collateral during the
six-to-twelve-month period, the mortgage banks require the Company to maintain as restricted cash, at least
NOTE 10. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were available to be issued. No other matters were identified affecting the accompanying financial statements or related disclosures.
NOTE 11. GOING CONCERN
As of March 31, 2023,
the Company had cash balance of $
The management will enable to meet the operating expenses obligation for the next twelve months from self-generated positive cashflow and external fund raising by private equity financing or direct public offering. S-3 was approved on May 2, 2023 by SEC, and the Company is ready to raise fund through direct public offering to support cash shortfall if any.
On November 14, 2022, the company announced to transform itself into the new energy business. The Company secured a purchase contract with AGR in March 2023 and delivered battery recycle product to a vendor on April 16, 2023, the Company believes it will generate more revenue from its new business.
Going forward there are no conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the financial statement issuance date,
19
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations relates to the operations and financial condition reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Green Giant Inc. for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and should be read in conjunction with such financial statements and related notes included in this report. As used in this report, the terms “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and “GGE” refer to Green Giant Inc., its subsidiaries and the VIE.
Forward-Looking Statements.
We make forward-looking statements in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this report based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management and on information currently available to us. Forward-looking statements include information about our possible or assumed future results of operations which follow under the headings “Business Overview,” “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and other statements throughout this report preceded by, followed by or that include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates” or similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements, including the risks and uncertainties described below and other factors we describe from time to time in our periodic filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). We therefore caution you not to rely unduly on any forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. These forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements relating to:
| ● | our ability to sustain our project development |
| ● | our ability to obtain additional land use rights at favorable prices; |
| ● | the market for real estate in Tier 3 and 4 cities and counties; |
| ● | our ability to obtain additional capital in future years to fund our planned expansion; or |
| ● | economic political, regulatory, legal and foreign exchange risks associated with our operations. |
Business Overview
The Company currently operates in two segments, the real estate development business and green energy business. The Company engages in real estate development through the VIE, Guangsha, in mainland China, and is transitioning itself from its real estate development business to a new energy corporation and has appointed a CEO in its Delaware subsidiary to lead and operate the green energy business.
The Company engages in real estate development, primarily in the construction and sale of residential apartments, car parks and commercial properties in mainland China through Guangsha. Guangsha was founded by Mr. Xiaojun Zhu, and commenced operations in 1995 in Hanzhong, a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi Province.
Currently, we conduct our real estate development business through the VIE, in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Since the initiation of our real estate development business, we have been focused on expanding our business in certain Tier 3 and Tier 4 cities and counties in China.
For the six months ended March 31, 2023, our sales and gross profit were $0.7 million and $0.1million, respectively, representing an approximate 90.8% and 96.5% decrease in sales and gross profit as compared to six months ended March 31, 2022, respectively. The decrease in sales and gross profit was mainly the result of less gross floor area (“GFA “) sold during the first half of fiscal 2023.
20
For the six months ended March 31, 2023, the average selling price (“ASP”) for our real estate projects located in Yang County was approximately $633 per square meter, increased from the ASP of $518 per square meter for the six months ended March 31, 2022, which was mainly attributable to the following:
| 1. | Central and local governments relax control measures over real estate development sector in an attempt to stimulate housing market, e.g. lift up quote for home buyers, lower interest rate on mortgage loans, special policies form low income earners etc. |
| 2. | The Company are selling completed house of Yang County project, not blue-prints and so in high demand; it also attracts home buyers who are willing to pay for a higher price; Yang County project targets high-end market, which has better location than residential complex. |
| 3. | Yang County project targets high-end market, which has better location than residential complex. |
Recent Development
New Office Opening
On February 3, 2023, the Company announced the opening of its Texas’ office located at 1330 Post Oak Blvd, Ste 1175, Houston, Texas via its subsidiary Green Giant Energy Texas Inc. (“GGE Texas”). The Company has launched the green energy business since March 2023 specializing in uniting operational knowledge with critical project funding to help companies conquer clean energy transition challenges and reducing their carbon footprint.
Registration Statement Filed
On March 7, 2023, the Company filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement on Form S-3, as amended, with aggregate offering amount not exceed $500,000,000 of the common stock, preferred stock, warrants, subscription rights, debt securities units, or any combination thereof, together or separately as described in the prospectus. The registration statement on Form S-3 was declared effective on May 2, 2023.
Resignation of the Chairman and CEO
Effective March 12, 2023, Mr. Neng Chen, resigned from his positions as the Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) of the Company and Chairman of the Board. Mr. Neng Chen’s resignation is not as a result of any disagreement with the Company relating to its operations, policies or practices.
Appointment of Chairman and CEO
Effective March 13, 2023, the Board appointed Mr. Yuhuai Luo as the CEO of the Company and Chairman of the Board, to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Mr. Neng Chen. Mr. Luo has served as the vice president of Guizhou Tobacco Company since September 2016. From January 2009 to June 2016, Mr. Luo served as the vice president of Huaxin Energy Subsidiary Company. From September 1989 to March 2008, Mr. Luo served as the director of Guizhou Tobacco Company (Guiyang Branch). Mr. Luo obtained his bachelor’s degree from China Guizhou Agricultural University.
21
Contract With AGR
On March 23, 2023, the Company’s indirect wholly owned subsidiary, Green Giant Energy Texas Inc. entered into a sales contract with AGR Enterprises Inc. pursuant to which Green Giant Energy agreed to purchase, and AGR agreed to sell to Green Giant Energy, 80 MT Zorba Scrap, with the unit price of $1,930 per MT.
Market Outlook
On November 11, 2022, the People’s Bank of China and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission issued “Yin Fa [2022] No. 254 “Notice on Supporting the Stable and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Market” to support the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. On November 14, 2022, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Central Bank issued the “Notice on the Relevant Work of Commercial Banks Issuing letters of Guarantee to Replace the Pre-sale Supervision Funds” (the “Pre-sale Supervision Funds Notice”). Commercial banks’ house related credit business is expected to expand. The “Financial Support for Real Estate Notice” issued sixteen measures to generate power at both supply and demand ends, it further clarifies the support policies for housing credit. Many policies have been implemented at the document system level for the first time, or will push banks to increase their support for the real estate market. It is expected to positively affect the conservative attitude of commercial banks to intervene in the development of loan market and support the increasing demand from home buyers for mortgage loans.
The Company intends to remain focused on our existing construction projects in Hanzhong City and Yang County, deepening our institutional sales network, enhancing our cost and operational synergies and improving cash flows and strengthening our balance sheet.
The Company started the construction of the Liangzhou Road related projects after the approval by the local government of the road. These projects comprise residential for end-users and upgraders, shopping malls as well as serviced apartments and offices to satisfy different market demands.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates on an on-going basis and base them on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances as the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates because of different and changing assumptions or conditions.
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements. These policies should be read in conjunction with Note 2 of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
22
Revenue recognition
The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized in accordance with the transfer of goods and services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to for those goods and services. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:
| ● | identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; |
| ● | identification of the performance obligations in the contract; |
| ● | determination of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; |
| ● | allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and |
| ● | recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. |
Most of the Company’s revenue is derived from real estate sales of condominiums and commercial properties in the PRC. The majority of the Company’s contracts contain a single performance obligation involving significant real estate development activities that are performed together to deliver a real estate property to its customers. Revenues arising from real estate sales are recognized when or as the control of the asset is transferred to the customer. The control of the asset may transfer over time or at a point in time. For the sales of individual condominium units in a real estate development project, the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, revenue is recognized over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation (“percentage completion method”). Otherwise, revenue is recognized at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the asset. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any construction in progress recognized under the percentage of completion method.
Disaggregation of Revenue
Disaggregated revenues are as follows:
| For the three months ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Revenue recognized for completed condominium real estate projects, net of sales tax | $ | 489,877 | $ | 4,302,992 | ||||
| Revenue recognized for condominium real estate projects under development, net of sales tax | — | — | ||||||
| Total revenue, net of sales tax | $ | 489,877 | $ | 4,302,992 | ||||
| For the six months ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Revenue recognized for completed condominium real estate projects, net of sales tax | $ | 652,583 | $ | 7,121,986 | ||||
| Revenue recognized for condominium real estate projects under development, net of sales tax | — | — | ||||||
| Total revenue, net of sales tax | $ | 652,583 | $ | 7,121,986 | ||||
23
Contract balances
Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billing and cash receipts from customers. The Company records a contract asset when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or a contract liability when cash is received in advance of recognizing revenue. A contract asset is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Contract assets include billed and billable receivables, which are the Company’s unconditional rights to consideration other than the passage of time. Contract liabilities include cash collected in advance and in excess of revenue recognized. Customer deposits are excluded from contract liabilities.
The Company immediately expenses sales commissions (included under selling expenses) because sales commission are not expected to be recovered.
The Company provides “mortgage loan guarantees” only with respect to buyers who make down-payments of 20%-50% of the total purchase price of the property. The period of the mortgage loan guarantee begins on the date the bank approves the buyer’s mortgage and we receive the loan proceeds in our bank account and ends on the date the “Certificate of Ownership” evidencing that title to the property has been transferred to the buyer. The procedures to obtain the Certificate of Ownership take six to twelve months (the “Mortgage Loan Guarantee Period”). If, after investigation of the buyer’s income and other relevant factors, the bank decides not to grant the mortgage loan, our mortgage-loan based sales contract terminates and there will be no guarantee obligation. If, during the Mortgage Loan Guarantee Period, the buyer defaults on his or her monthly mortgage payment for three consecutive months, we are required to return the loan proceeds back to the bank, although we have the right to keep the customer’s deposit and resell the property to a third party. Once the Certificate of Ownership has been issued by the relevant government authority, our loan guarantee terminates. If the buyer then defaults on his or her mortgage loan, the bank has the right to take the property back and sell it and use the proceeds to pay off the loan. The Company is not liable for any shortfall that the bank may incur in this event. To date, no buyer has defaulted on his or her mortgage payments during the Mortgage Loan Guarantee Period and the Company has not returned any loan proceeds pursuant to its mortgage loan guarantees.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the assumptions and estimates used by management in recognizing development revenue under the percentage of completion method, the selection of the useful lives of property and equipment, provision necessary for contingent liabilities, revenue recognition, taxes and budgeted costs. Management believes that the estimates utilized in preparing its consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
24
Real estate property development completed and under development
Real estate property consists of finished residential unit sites, commercial offices and residential unit sites under development. The Company leases the land for the residential unit sites under land use right leases with various terms from the PRC government. The cost of land use rights is included in the development cost and allocated to each project. Real estate property development completed and real estate property under development are stated at the lower of cost or fair value.
Expenditures for land development, including cost of land use rights, deed tax, pre-development costs, and engineering costs, exclusive of depreciation, are capitalized and allocated to development projects by the specific identification method. Costs are allocated to specific units within a project based on the ratio of the sales area of units to the estimated total sales area of the project (or phase of the project) multiplied by the total cost of the project (or phase of the project).
Cost of amenities transferred to buyers is allocated to specific units as a component of total construction cost. The amenity cost includes landscaping, road paving, etc. Once the projects are completed, the amenities are under control of the property management companies. Real estate property development completed and under development are subject to valuation adjustments when the carrying amount exceeds fair value. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the assets is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. The Company reviews all of its real estate projects for future losses and impairment by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows for each project to the carrying value of such project. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not recognize any impairment loss for its real estate properties.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenue
The following is a breakdown of revenue:
| For the three months ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Revenue recognized for completed condominium real estate projects, net of sales tax | $ | 489,877 | $ | 4,302,992 | ||||
| Revenue recognized for condominium real estate projects under development, net of sales tax | — | — | ||||||
| Total revenue, net of sales tax | $ | 489,877 | $ | 4,302,992 | ||||
25
Revenue recognized for completed condominium real estate projects
The following table summarizes our revenue generated by different projects:
| For Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | % | Revenue | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mingzhu Garden (Mingzhu Nanyuan & Mingzhu Beiyuan) Phase I and II | $ | — | — | % | $ | 235,375 | 5.4 | % | $ | (235,375 | ) | (100.0 | )% | |||||||||||
| Nanyuan II Project | — | — | — | — | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yangzhou Palace | 488,172 | 98.21 | % | 4,126,622 | 94.4 | % | (3,638,450 | ) | (88.2 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Yangzhou Pearl Garden Phase I and II | 8,874 | 1.79 | % | 7,626 | 0.2 | % | 1,248 | 16.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Gross Real Estate Sales | 497,046 | 100.0 | % | 4,369,623 | 100.0 | % | (3,872,577 | ) | (88.6 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Sales Tax | (7,169 | ) | (66,631 | ) | 59,462 | (89.2 | )% | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue, net of sales tax | $ | 489,877 | $ | 4,302,992 | $ | (3,813,115 | ) | (88.6 | )% | |||||||||||||||
Our revenues are derived from the sale of residential buildings, commercial store-fronts and parking spaces in projects that we have developed. Comparing to the same period of last year, revenues decreased by 88.6% to approximately $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from approximately $4.3 million. The total GFA sold during six months ended March 31, 2023 was 898 square meters, decreased from the 8,113 square meters completed and sold during the same period of last fiscal year. The sales tax for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was approximately $7,169, decreased by 89.2% from same period of last year, consistent with the decreased revenue.
Cost of Sales
The following table sets forth a breakdown of our cost of sales:
| For Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | % | Cost | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Land use rights | $ | 46,465 | 11.5 | % | $ | 218,985 | 9.5 | % | $ | (172,520 | ) | (78.8 | )% | |||||||||||
| Construction cost | 356,905 | 88.5 | % | 2,086,118 | 90.5 | % | (1,729,213 | ) | (82.9 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Total cost | $ | 403,370 | 100.0 | % | $ | 2,305,103 | 100.0 | % | $ | (1,901,733 | ) | (82.5 | )% | |||||||||||
Our cost of sales consists primarily of costs associated with land use rights and construction costs, including capitalized interest. Cost of sales are capitalized and allocated to development projects using a specific identification method. Costs are allocated to specific units within a project based on the ratio of the sales area of units to the estimated total sales area of the project or phase of the project times the total cost of the project or phase of the project.
Cost of sales was approximately $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $2.3 million for the same period of last year. The $1.9 million decrease in cost of sales was mainly attributable to less GFA sold during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Land use rights cost: The cost of land use rights includes the land premium we pay to acquire land use rights for our property development sites, plus taxes. Our land use rights cost varies for different projects according to the size and location of the site and the minimum land premium set for the site, all of which are influenced by government policies, as well as prevailing market conditions. Costs for land use rights for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were approximately $0.05 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
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Construction cost: We outsource the construction of all of our projects to third party contractors, whom we select through a competitive tender process. Our construction contracts provide a fixed payment which covers substantially all labor, materials and equipment costs, subject to adjustments for some types of excess, such as design changes during construction or changes in government-suggested steel prices. Our construction costs consist primarily of the payments to our third-party contractors, which are paid over the construction period based on specified milestones. In addition, we purchase and supply a limited range of fittings and equipment, including elevators, window frames and door frames. Our construction costs for the three months ending March 31, 2023 were approximately $0.4 million as compared to approximately $2.1 million for the same period of last year, representing a decrease of approximately $1.7 million. The decrease in construction cost was due to less real estate projects sold during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.
Gross Profit
Gross profit and gross margin were approximately $0.09 million and 17.7 % respectively for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to approximately $2.0 million and 46.4% respectively in the same period of last year due to the economic downturn caused by the epidemic control in China and aforementioned.
| For Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | Gross Margin | Gross Profit | Gross Margin | |||||||||||||
| Mingzhu Garden (Mingzhu Nanyuan & Mingzhu Beiyuan) Phase I and II | $ | — | — | % | $ | 185,567 | 78.8 | % | ||||||||
| Oriental Garden | — | — | — | — | % | |||||||||||
| Yangzhou Pearl Garden Phase I and II | 1,386 | 15.6 | % | 1,192 | 15.6 | % | ||||||||||
| Yangzhou Palace | 92,290 | 18.9 | % | 1,877,761 | 45.5 | % | ||||||||||
| Sales Tax | (7,169 | ) | (66,631 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total gross profit | $ | 86,507 | 17.7 | % | $ | 1,997,889 | 46.4 | % | ||||||||
| Revenue, net of sales tax | $ | 489,877 | $ | 4,302,992 | ||||||||||||
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses increased by 83.2% to approximately $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due more general and administrative expense incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Our general and administrative expense was approximately $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, increased by $0.7million from the three months ended March 31, 2022 due to litigation case of construction contract dispute with Zhejiang Hongcheng Construction Group Co., Ltd. in amount of RMB5.84 million (US$0.85 million). Our total operating expenses accounted for 254.5% and 15.8% of our real estate sales for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
| For Three Months Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Selling expenses | $ | 62,431 | $ | 29,871 | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | 1,184,079 | 650,426 | ||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | 1,246,510 | $ | 680,297 | ||||
| Percentage of revenue, net of sales tax | 254.5 | % | 15.8 | % | ||||
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Income Taxes
PRC Taxes
The Company’s PRC subsidiary and VIE are governed by the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China concerning the privately run enterprises, which are generally subject to income tax on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments. The Company’s CIT rate is 25% on taxable income. Although the possibility exists for reinterpretation of the application of the tax regulations by higher tax authorities in the PRC, potentially overturning the decision made by the local tax authority, the Company has not experienced any reevaluation of the income taxes for prior years. The PRC tax rules are different from the local tax rules and the Company is required to comply with local tax rules. The difference between the two tax rules will not be a liability of the Company. There will be no further tax payments for the difference. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s effective income tax rate was 0% and 31.3%. The increase in the effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was due to nondeductible expenses including professional fees, and penalties and interest expense related to our U.S. delinquent tax filings.
Net income
We reported net income of approximately $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to net income of approximately $0.7 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease of approximately $0.6 million in our net income was primarily due to less revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as discussed above under Revenues and Gross Profit.
Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 compared to Six Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenue
The following is a breakdown of revenue:
| For the six months ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Revenue recognized for completed condominium real estate projects, net of sales taxes | $ | 652,583 | $ | 7,121,986 | ||||
| Revenue recognized for condominium real estate projects under development, net of sales taxes | — | — | ||||||
| Total revenue, net of sales taxes | $ | 652,583 | $ | 7,121,986 | ||||
Revenue recognized for completed condominium real estate projects
The following table summarizes our revenue generated by different projects:
| For Six Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | % | Revenue | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mingzhu Garden (Mingzhu Nanyuan & Mingzhu Beiyuan) Phase I and Phase II | $ | — | — | % | $ | 1,051,238 | 14.5 | % | $ | (1,051,238 | ) | (100.0 | )% | |||||||||||
| Nanyuan II Project | — | — | — | — | % | — | — | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Yangzhou Pearl Garden Phase I and Phase II | 8,874 | 1.3 | % | 7,626 | 0.1 | % | 1,248 | 16.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Oriental Garden | — | — | % | 773,113 | 10.7 | (773,113 | ) | (100.0 | )% | |||||||||||||||
| Yangzhou Palace | 652,884 | 98.7 | % | 5,416,861 | 74.7 | % | (4,763,977 | ) | (87.9 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Gross Real Estate Sales | 661,758 | 100.0 | % | 7,248,838 | 100.0 | % | (6,587,080 | ) | (90.9 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Sales Tax | (9,175 | ) | (126,852 | ) | 117,677 | (92.8 | )% | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue, net of sales tax | $ | 652,583 | $ | 7,121,986 | $ | (6,469,403 | ) | (90.8 | )% | |||||||||||||||
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Our revenue is derived from the sale of residential buildings, commercial store-fronts and parking spaces in projects that we have developed. Compared to the same period of last year, revenues decreased by 90.8% to approximately $0.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from approximately $7.1 million in the same period of last year. The total GFA sold during six months ended March 31, 2023 was 1,045 square meters, decreased from the 11,783 square meters completed and sold during the same period of last year. The sales tax for the six months ended March 31, 2023 was approximately $9,175 decreased by 92.8% from same period of last year, consistent with the decreased revenue.
Cost of Sales
The following table sets forth a breakdown of our cost of sales:
| For Six Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | % | Cost | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Land use rights | $ | 52,238 | 9.8 | % | $ | 357,263 | 9.5 | % | $ | (305,025 | ) | (85.4 | )% | |||||||||||
| Construction cost | 481,424 | 90.2 | % | 3,403,396 | 90.5 | % | (2,921,972 | ) | (85.9 | )% | ||||||||||||||
| Total cost | $ | 533,662 | 100.0 | % | $ | 3,760,659 | 100.0 | % | $ | (3,226,997 | ) | (85.8 | )% | |||||||||||
Our cost of sales consists primarily of costs associated with land use rights and construction costs, including capitalized interest. Cost of sales are capitalized and allocated to development projects using a specific identification method. Costs are allocated to specific units within a project based on the ratio of the sales area of units to the estimated total sales area of the project or phase of the project times the total cost of the project or phase of the project.
Cost of sales was approximately $0.5 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $3.8 million for the same period of last year. The $3.2 million decrease in cost of sales was mainly attributable to less GFA sold during the six months ended March 31, 2023.
Land use rights cost: The cost of land use rights includes the land premium we pay to acquire land use rights for our property development sites, plus taxes. Our land use rights cost varies for different projects according to the size and location of the site and the minimum land premium set for the site, all of which are influenced by government policies, as well as prevailing market conditions. Costs for land use rights for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were approximately $0.05 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
Construction cost: We outsource the construction of all of our projects to third party contractors, whom we select through a competitive tender process. Our construction contracts provide a fixed payment which covers substantially all labor, materials and equipment costs, subject to adjustments for some types of excess, such as design changes during construction or changes in government-suggested steel prices. Our construction costs consist primarily of the payments to our third-party contractors, which are paid over the construction period based on specified milestones. In addition, we purchase and supply a limited range of fittings and equipment, including elevators, window frames and door frames. Our construction costs for the six months ending March 31, 2023 were approximately $0.5 million as compared to approximately $3.4 million for the same period of last year, representing a decrease of approximately $2.9 million. The decrease in construction cost was due to less real estate property units sold during the first half of fiscal 2023.
Gross Profit
Gross profit and gross margin were approximately $0.12 million and 18.2 % respectively for the six months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to approximately $3.3 million and 47.2% respectively in the same period of last year due to the economic downturn caused by the epidemic control in China and aforementioned.
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The following table sets forth the gross margin of each of our projects:
| For Six Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross | Percentage | Gross | Percentage | |||||||||||||
| Profit | of Revenue | Profit | of Revenue | |||||||||||||
| Mingzhu Garden (Mingzhu Nanyuan & Mingzhu Beiyuan) | $ | — | — | % | $ | 432,047 | 41.1 | % | ||||||||
| Oriental Garden | — | — | % | 615,807 | 79.7 | % | ||||||||||
| Nanyuan II project | — | — | % | — | — | % | ||||||||||
| Yangzhou Pearl Garden Phase I and Phase II | 1,386 | 15.6 | % | 1,192 | 15.6 | % | ||||||||||
| Yangzhou Palace | 126,710 | 19.4 | % | 2,439,133 | 45.0 | % | ||||||||||
| Sales Tax | (9,175 | ) | — | (126,852 | ) | — | ||||||||||
| Total gross profit | $ | 118,921 | 18.2 | % | $ | 3,361,327 | 47.2 | % | ||||||||
| Revenue, net of sales tax | $ | 652,583 | — | $ | 7,121,986 | — | ||||||||||
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses were approximately $1.9 million and $1.5 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The 36.5% increase in general administration expense for the six months ended March 31, 2023 due to litigation case of construction contract dispute with Zhejiang Hongcheng Construction Group Co., Ltd. in amount of RMB5.84 million (US$0.85 million). Our total operating expenses accounted for 284.1% and 21.5% of our real estate sales for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
| For Six Months Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Selling expenses | $ | 102,861 | $ | 249,658 | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | 1,750,896 | 1,282,353 | ||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | 1,853,757 | $ | 1,532,011 | ||||
| Percentage of Revenue, net of sales tax | (284.1 | )% | 21.5 | % | ||||
Income Taxes
PRC Taxes
Our Company is governed by the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China concerning private-run enterprises, which are generally subject to tax at a statutory rate of 25% on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments. For the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company is subject to income tax rate of 25% on taxable income. Although the possibility exists for reinterpretation of the application of the tax regulations by higher tax authorities in the PRC, potentially overturning the decision made by the local tax authority, the Company has not experienced any reevaluation of the income taxes for prior years. The PRC tax rules are different from the local tax rules and the Company is required to comply with local tax rules. The difference between the two tax rules will not be a liability of the Company. There will be no further tax payments for the difference.
Net Income
We reported net income of approximately negative $1.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to net income of approximately $1.1million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease of $3.0 million in our net income was primarily due to less revenue reported for the first half of fiscal 2023 as discussed above under Revenues and Gross Profit.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal need for liquidity and capital resources is to maintain working capital sufficient to support our operations and to make capital expenditures to finance the growth of our business. Historically we mainly financed our operations primarily through cash flows from operations and borrowings from our principal shareholder.
Liquidity
In recent years, the Chinese government has implemented measures to control overheating residential and commercial property prices including but not limited to restrictions on home purchase, increasing the down-payment requirement against speculative buying, development of low-cost rental housing properties to help low-income groups while reducing the demand in the commercial housing market, increasing real estate property taxes to discourage speculation, control of the land supply and slowdown the construction land auction process, etc. In addition, in December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) surfaced. COVID-19 has spread rapidly throughout China and worldwide, which has caused significant volatility in the PRC and international markets. There is significant uncertainty around the breadth and duration of business disruptions related to COVID-19, as well as its impact on the PRC and international economies. To reduce the spread of COVID-19, the Chinese government has employed measures including city lockdowns, quarantines, travel restrictions, suspension of business activities and school closures. Due to difficulties resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including, but not limited to, the temporary closure of the Company’s facilities and operations beginning in early February through early March 2020, limited support from the Company’s employees, delayed access to construction raw material supplies, reduced customer visits to the Company’s sales office, and inability to promote real estate property sales to customers on a timely basis, The Company had real estate sales of approximately $0.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023, decreased from $7.2 million in the same period of last year. Based on the assessment of the current economic environment, customer demand and sales trends, we believe that consumer spending has been restored in the local real estate market and real estate sales are expected to grow in the coming periods. On the other side, due to the negative impact from the COVID-19 pandemic and its variants, the development period of real estate properties and our operating cycle has been extended and we may not be able to liquidate our large balance of completed real estate properties within the short term as we originally expected. In addition, as of March 31, 2023, we had large construction loans payable of approximately $112.2 million and accounts payable of approximately $11.0 million to be paid to subcontractors. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s future financial results will be dependent on future developments such as the length and severity of the crisis, the potential resurgence of the crisis, future government actions in response to the crisis and the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the local economy and real estate markets, among many other factors, all of which remain highly uncertain and unpredictable. Given this uncertainty, the Company is currently unable to quantify the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its future operations, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations if the current situation continues. The above-mentioned facts raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year from the date of this filing.
In assessing its liquidity, management monitors and analyzes the Company’s cash on-hand, its ability to generate sufficient revenue sources in the future, and its operating and capital expenditure commitments. As of March 31, 2023, our total cash and restricted cash balance was approximately $3.3 million, increased from approximately $4.4 million as of September 30, 2022. With respect to capital funding requirements, the Company budgeted its capital spending based on ongoing assessments of needs to maintain adequate cash. As of March 31, 2023, we had approximately $76.9million of completed residential apartments and commercial units available for sale to potential buyers. Although we reported approximately $11.0 million accounts payable as of March 31, 2023, due to the long-term relationship with our construction suppliers and subcontractors, we were able to effectively manage cash spending on construction and negotiate with them to adjust the payment schedule based on our cash on hand. In addition, most of our existing real estate development projects relate to the old town renovation which are supported by the local government. As of March 31, 2023, we reported approximately $112.2 million of construction loans borrowed from financial institutions controlled by the local government and such loans can only be used on the old town renovation related project development. We expect that we will be able to renew all of the existing construction loans upon their maturity and borrow additional new loans from local financial institutions, when necessary, based on our past experience and the Company’s good credit history. Also, the Company’s cash flows from pre-sales and current sales should provide financial support for our current development projects and operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we had six large ongoing construction projects (see Note 3, real estate properties under development) which were under the preliminary development stage due to delayed inspection and acceptance of the development plans by the local government. For the other four projects, we expect we will be able to obtain the government’s approval of the development plans on these projects in the coming fiscal year and start the pre-sale of the real estate properties to generate cash when certain property development milestones have been achieved.
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Cash Flow
Comparison of cash flows results is summarized as follows:
| Six months ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (1,157,079 | ) | $ | 7,334 | |||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (5,354,400 | ) | (18,461,700 | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 5,307,470 | 28,936,915 | ||||||
| Effect of change of foreign exchange rate on cash and restricted cash | 112,219 | (356,551 | ) | |||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash | (1,091,790 | ) | 10,125,998 | |||||
| Cash and restricted cash, beginning of period | 4,368,177 | 3,465,189 | ||||||
| Cash and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 3,276,387 | $ | 13,591,187 | ||||
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended March 31, 2023 was $1,157,079, consisting of net loss of approximately $ 1.9 million and net changes in our operating assets and liabilities, which mainly included an increase of spending in real estate property under development of $2.6 million, offset by an increase in other payables of $2.72 million.
Net cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended March 31, 2022 was $7,334, consisting of net income of approximately $1.1 million and net changes in our operating assets and liabilities, which mainly included an increase of spending in real estate property under development of $8.1 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $5.9 million due to more payments to our supplier during the first half of fiscal 2022, offset by decrease of real estate property completed of $3.8 million due to sales of real estate and a decrease in other assets of $4.3 million due to the reduction of receivables from housing buyers, an increase of $2.9 million in customer deposits received from real estate sales and an increase of $2.3 million in other payable due to additional cost accrued for the first half of fiscal 2022.
Investing Activities
Net cash flows used in investing activities was approximately $5.4 million for six months ended March 31, 2023, which was mainly the prepayment made to purchase energy equipment and professional services. There was $18,461,700 cash flows used in investing activities for six months ended March 31, 2022.
Financing Activities
Net cash flows provided by financing activities was approximately $5.3 million for six months ended March 31, 2023, which was the proceeds received from two private placements completed by the Company during the first half of fiscal 2023. There was $28,936,915 cash flows provided by financing activities for six months ended March 31, 2022.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of the date of this quarterly report on the Form 10-Q.
As an industry practice, the Company provides guarantees to PRC banks with respect to loans procured by the purchasers of the Company’s real estate properties for the total mortgage loan amount until the buyer obtains the “Certificate of Ownership” of the properties from the government, which generally takes six to twelve months. Because the banks provide loan proceeds without getting the “Certificate of Ownership” as loan collateral during the six-to-twelve-month period, the mortgage banks require the Company to maintain, as restricted cash of at least 5% of the mortgage proceeds as security for the Company’s obligations under such guarantees. If a purchaser defaults on its payment obligations, the mortgage bank may deduct the delinquent mortgage payment from the security deposit and require the Company to pay the excess amount if the delinquent mortgage payments exceed the security deposit. If the delinquent mortgage payments exceed the security deposit, the banks may require us to pay the excess amount. If multiple purchasers’ default on their payment obligations at around the same time, we will be required to make significant payments to the banks to satisfy our guarantee obligations. If we are unable to resell the properties underlying defaulted mortgages on a timely basis or at prices higher than the amounts of our guarantees and related expenses, we will suffer financial losses. The Company has the required reserves in its restricted cash account to cover any potential mortgage defaults as required by the mortgage lenders. Since inception through the release of this report, the Company has not experienced any delinquent mortgage loans and has not experienced any losses related to these guarantees. As of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, our outstanding guarantees in respect of our customers’ mortgage loans amounted to approximately $25.7 million. As of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the amount of restricted cash reserved for these guarantees was approximately $3.0 million and the Company believes that such reserves are sufficient.
Inflation
Inflation has not had a material impact on our real estate business in China and we do not expect inflation to have a material impact on our business in the near future.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
Inflation
Inflationary factors, such as increases in the cost of our products and overhead costs, could impair our operating results. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain current levels of gross margin and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales revenue if the selling prices of our products do not increase with these increased costs.
We Conduct Substantially All Our Business in Foreign Country
Substantially all of our operations are conducted in China and are subject to various political, economic, and other risks and uncertainties inherent in conducting business in China. Among other risks, our Company and our subsidiaries’ operations are subject to the risks of restrictions on transfer of funds; export duties, quotas, and embargoes; domestic and international customs and tariffs; changing taxation policies; foreign exchange restrictions; and political conditions and governmental regulations.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Evaluation Date”). The evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures included a review of our processes and the effect on the information generated for use in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In the course of this evaluation, we sought to identify any material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures and to confirm that any necessary corrective action, including process improvements, was taken. The purpose of this evaluation is to determine if, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were operating effectively such that the information, required to be disclosed in our SEC reports (i) was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) was accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management conducted its evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures under the supervision of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer. Based upon this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2023. Management is committed to improving the internal controls over financial reporting and will undertake the consistent improvements or enhancements on an ongoing basis. To remediate the material weakness and significant deficiencies and to prevent similar deficiencies in the future, we are currently evaluating additional controls and procedures, which may include:
| ● | Provide more U.S. GAAP knowledge and SEC reporting requirements training for the accounting department and establish formal policies and procedures. |
The remedial measures being undertaken may not be fully effectuated or may be insufficient to address the significant deficiencies we identified, and there can be no assurance that significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified or occur in the future. If additional significant deficiencies (or if material weaknesses) in our internal controls are discovered or occur in the future, among other similar or related effects: (i) the Company may fail to meet future reporting obligations on a timely basis, (ii) the Company’s consolidated financial statements may contain material misstatements, and (iii) the Company’s business and operating results may be harmed.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Except for the matters described above to improve our internal controls over financial reporting, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting for the three months ended March 31, 2023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, however, the Company is in the process of designing and planning to change as described above.
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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We may be subject to, from time to time, various legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of our operations in the ordinary course of our business.
As of March 31, 2023, the VIE, Guangsha, was subject to several civil disputes with a supplier (the “General Contractor”), a general contractor of the Company’s certain real estate projects. The total claim by the supplier is approximately $10.4 million, for which the Company estimated that it is more than likely to pay approximately $10.4 million which was included in the accounts payable and other payables in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The General Contractor and the Company are in the process of negotiating a settlement. The Company believes it can reach a settlement with a favorable outcome.
In addition, there are 139 cases against the Company, the total claims of year to day amounts to $6.7 million according to the judgement outcome from local courts as of April 4, 2023, of which approximately $5.9 million was accrued for the month ended December 31, 2022. The difference of $0.8 million was accrued for the current reporting months ended March 31, 2023. The Company disputes the allegations in the lawsuit and intends to vigorously defend itself in the action.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this item.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Other than any sales previously reported in the Company’s Current Reports on Form 8-K, the Company did not sell any unregistered securities during the period covered by this report.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
(a) Exhibits
| * | Filed herewith |
| ** | Furnished herewith |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Green Giant Inc. | ||
| Date: May 5, 2023 | By: | /s/ Yuhuai Luo |
| Yuhuai Luo | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Green Giant Inc. | ||
| Date: May 5, 2023 | By: | /s/ Rongrong Dai |
| Rongrong Dai | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
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