Investment Funds

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

The Company evaluates whether it is an investor in a variable interest entity ("VIE"). Such entities do not have sufficient equity at risk to finance their activities without additional subordinated financial support, or the equity investors, as a group, do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest (primary beneficiary). The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of an entity subject to consolidation based on a qualitative assessment of the VIE's capital structure, contractual terms, nature of the VIE's operations and purpose, and the Company's relative exposure to the related risks of the VIE on the date it becomes initially involved in the VIE and on an ongoing basis. The Company is not the primary beneficiary in any of its investment funds, and accordingly, carries its interests in investment funds under the equity method of accounting.

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to these investments is limited to the carrying amount reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and its unfunded commitments, which were $353 million as of September 30, 2023.

Investment funds consisted of the following:


	Carrying Value as of				Income (Loss) from Investment Funds
	September 30,		December 31,		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Financial services	$	429,889	$	465,683	$	(15,606)	$	27,472
Transportation	336,020		336,753		37,894		48,249
Real Estate	191,445		204,644		(5,062)		42,708
Infrastructure	124,528		115,428		7,813		1,277
Energy	115,349		116,432		3,921		1,966
Other funds	403,264		369,608		(23,516)		247
Total	$	1,600,495	$	1,608,548	$	5,444	$	121,919

The Company's share of the earnings or losses from investment funds is generally reported on a one-quarter lag in order to facilitate the timely completion of the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Financial services investment funds include the minority investment in Lifson Re, a Bermuda reinsurance company. Effective January 1, 2021, Lifson Re participated on a fully collateralized basis in a majority of the Company’s reinsurance placements for a 22.5% share of placed amounts. The percentage increased from 22.5% to 30% effective July 1, 2022. This pertains to all traditional reinsurance/retrocessional placements for both property and casualty business where there is more than one open market reinsurer participating. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company ceded approximately $348 million and $308 million, respectively, of written premiums to Lifson Re.

Other funds include deferred compensation trust assets of $31 million and $30 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. These assets support other liabilities reflected in the balance sheet of an equal amount for employees who have elected to defer a portion of their compensation. The change in the net asset value of the trust is recorded in other funds within net investment income with an offsetting equal amount within corporate expenses.