In determining fair value, we use various valuation approaches, including market and income approaches. Accounting standards establish a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

Level 2-Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. Assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include interest rate swap instruments, exchange-traded debt securities that are not actively traded or do not have a high trading volume, and certain real estate properties on a non-recurring basis.

Level 3-Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Asset and liability measurements utilizing Level 3 inputs include those used in estimating the fair value of certain non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities in purchase acquisitions and those used in the assessment of impairment for goodwill and intangible franchise rights.

The availability of observable inputs can vary and is affected by a wide variety of factors. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment required to determine fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is disclosed is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Fair value is a market-based exit price measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore, even when market assumptions are not readily available, our assumptions are set to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. We use inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of significant market fluctuations.

Financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments, contracts-in-transit, accounts receivable, cash surrender value of corporate-owned life insurance policies, accounts payable, floor plan notes payable, subordinated long-term debt, mortgage notes payable, and interest rate swap instruments. The carrying values of our financial instruments, with the exception of subordinated long-term debt, approximate fair value primarily due to (i) their short-term nature, (ii) recently completed market transactions, or (iii) existence of variable interest rates, which approximate market rates. The fair value of our subordinated long-term debt is based on reported market prices in an inactive market that reflects Level 2 inputs.


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	(In millions)
Carrying Value:
4.50% Senior Notes due 2028	$	402.8	$	409.5
4.625% Senior Notes due 2029	790.4		789.1
4.75% Senior Notes due 2030	442.2		441.7
5.00% Senior Notes due 2032	592.3		591.5
Total carrying value	$	2,227.7	$	2,231.8

Fair Value:
4.50% Senior Notes due 2028	$	384.8	$	354.4
4.625% Senior Notes due 2029	744.0		672.0
4.75% Senior Notes due 2030	410.3		372.7
5.00% Senior Notes due 2032	546.0		492.0
Total fair value	$	2,085.1	$	1,891.1

We currently have six interest rate swap agreements. In January 2022, we entered into two new interest rate swap agreements with a combined notional principal amount of $550.0 million. These swaps are designed to provide a hedge against changes in variable rate cash flows regarding fluctuations in the SOFR rate. All interest rate swap agreements with an inception date of 2021 and prior were amended on June 1, 2022 to provide a hedge against changes in variable rate cash flows regarding fluctuations in SOFR as compared to the previous benchmark rate of one-month LIBOR. The revisions to the interest rate swap agreements did not impact our hedge accounting because we applied the accounting expedients outlined in ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 of ASC Topic 848, Reference Rate Reform. The following table provides information on the attributes of each swap as of December 31, 2023:


Inception Date	Notional Value at Inception		Notional Value as of December 31, 2023		Notional Value at Maturity		Maturity Date
	(In millions)
January 2022	$	300.0	$	273.8	$	228.8	December 2026
January 2022	$	250.0	$	250.0	$	250.0	December 2031
May 2021	$	184.4	$	165.9	$	110.6	May 2031
July 2020	$	93.5	$	76.2	$	50.6	December 2028
July 2020	$	85.5	$	68.0	$	57.3	November 2025
June 2015	$	100.0	$	58.8	$	53.1	February 2025

The fair value of cash flow swaps is calculated as the present value of expected future cash flows, determined on the basis of forward interest rates and present value factors. Fair value estimates reflect a credit adjustment to the discount rate applied to all expected cash flows under the swaps. Other than this input, all other inputs used in the valuation for these swaps are designated to be Level 2 fair values. The fair value of our swaps for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, reflect a net asset of $79.8 million and $102.4 million, respectively.

The following table provides information regarding the fair value of our interest rate swap agreements and the impact on the consolidated balance sheets:


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
	(In millions)
Other current assets	$	27.5	$	29.6

Other long-term assets	52.3		72.8

Total fair value	$	79.8	$	102.4

Our interest rate swaps qualify for cash flow hedge accounting treatment. These interest rate swaps are marked to market at each reporting date and any unrealized gains or losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified to interest expense in the same period or periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. Information about the effect of our interest rate swap agreements in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and consolidated statements of comprehensive income, is as follows (in millions):


For the Year Ended December 31,	Results Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Effective Portion)		Location of Results Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Earnings	Results Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Earnings
2023	$	12.1	Other interest expense, net	$	(34.7)
2022	$	100.8	Other interest expense, net	$	(2.4)
2021	$	11.0	Other interest expense, net	$	4.7

On the basis of yield curve conditions as of December 31, 2023 and including assumptions about future changes in fair value, we expect the amount to be reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings within the next 12 months will be gains of $27.5 million.

The table below presents the Company’s investment securities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall:


	As of December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In millions)
Cash equivalents	$	4.8	$	—	$	—	$	4.8
Short-term investments	2.0		4.2		—		6.2
U.S Treasury	13.5		—		—		13.5
Municipal	—		30.1		—		30.1
Corporate	—		132.2		—		132.2
Mortgage and other asset backed securities	—		150.9		—		150.9
Total debt securities	15.5		317.4		—		332.9


Total	$	15.5	$	317.4	$	—	$	332.9

Total Investments, at fair value							$	332.9


	As of December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In millions)
Cash equivalents	$	6.6	$	—	$	—	$	6.6
Short-term investments	0.6		4.8		—		5.4
U.S Treasury	11.6		—		—		11.6
Municipal	—		22.4		—		22.4
Corporate	—		79.7		—		79.7
Mortgage and other asset backed securities	—		72.6		—		72.6
Total debt securities	12.2		179.5		—		191.7
Common stock	48.7		—		—		48.7

Total	$	60.9	$	179.5	$	—	$	240.4

Total Investments, at fair value							$	240.4

We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Changes in the observability of the valuation attributes may result in a reclassification of certain investments. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers in and out of Level 3, or between other levels, at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur.

Available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair value and any unrealized gains or losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified to finance and insurance, net revenue in the period or periods during which the debt securities are sold and the gains or losses are realized. Information about the effect of our available-for-sale debt securities in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and consolidated statements of comprehensive income, is as follows (in millions):


For the Year Ended December 31,	Results Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Effective Portion)		Location of Results Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Earnings	Results Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Earnings
2023	$	4.1	Revenue-Finance and Insurance, net	$	(1.1)
2022	$	(6.0)	Revenue-Finance and Insurance, net	$	(1.9)
2021	$	—	Revenue-Finance and Insurance, net	$	—