FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE

In determining fair value, we use various valuation approaches, including market and income approaches. Accounting standards establish a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

Level 1-Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access.

Level 2-Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. Assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include interest rate swap instruments, exchange-traded debt securities that are not actively traded or do not have a high trading volume, mortgage notes payable, and certain real estate properties on a non-recurring basis.

Level 3-Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Asset and liability measurements utilizing Level 3 inputs include those used in estimating the fair value of certain non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities in purchase acquisitions and those used in the assessment of impairment for Goodwill and Intangible franchise rights.

The availability of observable inputs can vary and is affected by a wide variety of factors. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment required to determine fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is disclosed is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Fair value is a market-based exit price measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore, even when market assumptions are not readily available, our assumptions are set to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. We use inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of significant market fluctuations.

Financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, contracts-in-transit, accounts receivable, cash surrender value of corporate-owned life insurance policies, accounts payable, floor plan notes payable, subordinated long-term debt, mortgage notes payable, and interest rate swap instruments. The carrying values of our financial instruments, with the exception of subordinated long-term debt and mortgage notes payable, approximate fair value due to (i) their short-term nature, (ii) recently completed market transactions, or (iii) existence of variable interest rates, which approximate market rates. The fair value of our subordinated long-term debt is based on reported market prices in an inactive market which reflects Level 2 inputs. We estimate the fair value of our mortgage notes payable using a present value technique based on current market interest rates for similar types of financial instruments which reflect Level 2 inputs.

A summary of the carrying values and fair values of our 6.0% Notes and our mortgage notes payable is as follows:



	As of December 31,
	2017		2016
	(In millions)
Carrying Value:
6.0% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024	$	606.8	$	607.6
Mortgage notes payable	276.1		327.9
Total carrying value	$	882.9	$	935.5

Fair Value:
6.0% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024	$	625.5	$	613.5
Mortgage notes payable	275.3		339.5
Total fair value	$	900.8	$	953.0

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

In June 2015, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional principal amount of $100.0 million. This swap was designed to provide a hedge against changes in variable rate cash flows regarding fluctuations in the one month LIBOR rate, through maturity in February 2025. The notional values of this swap as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, were $90.4 million and $95.6 million, respectively, and the notional value will reduce over its remaining term to $53.1 million at maturity.

In November 2013, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional principal amount of $75.0 million. This swap was designed to provide a hedge against changes in variable rate cash flows regarding fluctuations in the one month LIBOR rate, through maturity in September 2023. The notional values of this swap as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, were $60.2 million and $64.0 million, respectively, and the notional value will reduce over its remaining term to $38.7 million at maturity.

The fair value of cash flow swaps is calculated as the present value of expected future cash flows, determined on the basis of forward interest rates and present value factors. Fair value estimates reflect a credit adjustment to the discount rate applied to all expected cash flows under the swaps. Other than this input, all other inputs used in the valuation for these swaps are designated to be Level 2 fair values. The fair value liabilities recorded related to the swaps for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, are $1.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively. The following table provides information regarding the fair value of our interest rate swap agreements and the impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheets:



	As of December 31,
	2017		2016
	(In millions)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1.0	$	2.2
Other long-term liabilities	0.7		1.4
Total fair value	$	1.7	$	3.6

All of our interest rate swaps qualify for cash flow hedge accounting treatment. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, neither of our cash flow swaps contained any ineffectiveness, nor was any ineffectiveness recognized in earnings. Information about the effect of our interest rate swap agreements on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, are as follows (in millions):



For the Year Ended December 31,	Results Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Effective Portion)			Location of Results Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Earnings	Results Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Earnings
2017	$	(0.1	)	Swap interest expense	$	(2.0	)
2016	$	(0.8	)	Swap interest expense	$	(3.1	)
2015	$	(6.1	)	Swap interest expense	$	(3.0	)

On the basis of yield curve conditions as of December 31, 2017 and including assumptions about future changes in fair value, we expect the amount to be reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into earnings within the next 12 months will be losses of $0.9 million.