0001654954-18-005070.txt : 20180511 0001654954-18-005070.hdr.sgml : 20180511 20180510195606 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001654954-18-005070 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 60 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20180331 FILED AS OF DATE: 20180511 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20180510 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PEDEVCO CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001141197 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS [1311] IRS NUMBER: 223755993 STATE OF INCORPORATION: TX FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-35922 FILM NUMBER: 18824620 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4125 BLACKHAWK PLAZA CIRCLE STREET 2: SUITE 201 CITY: DANVILLE STATE: CA ZIP: 94506 BUSINESS PHONE: 855-733-3826 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4125 BLACKHAWK PLAZA CIRCLE STREET 2: SUITE 201 CITY: DANVILLE STATE: CA ZIP: 94506 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: BLAST ENERGY SERVICES, INC. DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20050610 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: VERDISYS INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20010523 10-Q 1 ped_10q.htm QUARTERLY REPORT Blueprint
 
 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
☑
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2018
 
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from            to_____
 
Commission file number: 001-35922
 
PEDEVCO CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Texas
 
22-3755993
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
 
4125 Blackhawk Plaza Circle, Suite 201
Danville, California 94506
 (Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(855) 733-2685
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑  No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑  No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company ☑
Emerging growth company ☐
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐ 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐  No ☑
 
At May 9, 2018, there were 7,278,754 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.
 

 
 
 
PEDEVCO CORP.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
INDEX
 
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Page
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
Financial Statements
 
F-1
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (Unaudited)
 
F-1
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)
 
F-2
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)
 
F-3
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
 
F-4
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
1
 
 
 
 
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
 9
 
 
 
 
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
 
 9
 
 
 
 
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
 
 10
 
 
 
 
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
 
 10
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
 10
 
 
 
 
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
 11
 
 
 
 
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
 
 11
 
 
 
 
Item 5.
Other Information
 
 11
 
 
 
 
Item 6.
Exhibits
 
 11
 
 
 
 
Signatures
 
 12
 
  i
 
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
PEDEVCO CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
 
 
 
March 31,
2018
 
 
December 31,
2017
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
 $876 
 $917 
Accounts receivable – oil and gas
  351 
  301 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
  160 
  176 
Total current assets
  1,387 
  1,394 
 
    
    
Oil and gas properties:
    
    
Oil and gas properties, subject to amortization, net
  34,359 
  34,922 
Oil and gas properties, not subject to amortization, net
  - 
  - 
Total oil and gas properties, net
  34,359 
  34,922 
 
    
    
Other assets
  85 
  85 
Total assets
 $35,831 
 $36,401 
 
    
    
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Deficit
    
    
Current liabilities:
    
    
Accounts payable
 $350 
 $101 
Accrued expenses
  2,219 
  2,126 
Revenue payable
  578 
  557 
Convertible notes payable – Bridge Notes, net of premiums of $113,000 and $113,000, respectively
  588 
  588 
Total current liabilities
  3,735 
  3,372 
 
    
    
Long-term liabilities:
    
    
Accrued expenses
  1,677 
  1,462 
Accrued expenses – related party
  1,994 
  1,733 
Notes payable – Secured Promissory Notes, net of debt discount of $2,120,000 and $2,603,000, respectively
  35,821 
  34,159 
Notes payable – Secured Promissory Notes – related party, net of debt discount of $919,000 and $1,148,000 respectively
  16,543 
  15,930 
Notes payable – Subordinated – related party
  11,831 
  11,483 
Notes payable – other
  4,925 
  4,925 
Asset retirement obligations
  496 
  477 
Total liabilities
  77,022 
  73,541 
 
    
    
Commitments and contingencies
    
    
 
    
    
Shareholders’ deficit:
    
    
Series A convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 66,625 and 66,625 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
  - 
  - 
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 7,278,754 and 7,278,754 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
  7 
  7 
Additional paid-in capital
  101,137 
  100,954 
Accumulated deficit
  (142,335)
  (138,101)
Total shareholders’ deficit
  (41,191)
  (37,140)
 
    
    
Total liabilities and shareholders’ deficit
 $35,831 
 $36,401 
 
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-1
 
PEDEVCO CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
 
 
 
For the Three Months
Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Oil and gas sales
 $644 
 $734 
 
    
    
Operating expenses:
    
    
Lease operating costs
  312 
  330 
Exploration expense
  10 
  - 
Selling, general and administrative expense
  738 
  800 
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion
  582 
  680 
Total operating expenses
  1,642 
  1,810 
 
    
    
Operating loss
  (998)
  (1,076)
 
    
    
Other income (expense):
    
    
Interest expense
  (3,236)
  (3,096)
Total other expense
  (3,236)
  (3,096)
 
    
    
Net loss
 $(4,234)
 $(4,172)
 
    
    
Net loss per common share:
    
    
Basic and diluted
 $(0.58)
 $(0.76)
 
    
    
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
    
    
Basic and diluted
  7,278,754 
  5,493,112 
 
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
 
 
 
F-2
 
PEDEVCO CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(amounts in thousands)
 
 
 
For the Three Months
Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 $(4,234)
 $(4,172)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
    
    
Stock-based compensation expense
  183 
  276 
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion
  582 
  680 
Interest expense deferred and capitalized in debt restructuring
  1,911 
  1,652 
Amortization of debt discount
  712 
  831 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
    
    
Accounts receivable - oil and gas
  (50)
  56 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
  16 
  (12)
Accounts payable
  249 
  256 
Accrued expenses
  308 
  100 
Accrued expenses - related parties
  261 
  260 
Revenue payable
  21 
  (3)
Net cash used in operating activities
  (41)
  (76)
 
    
    
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
    
    
Repayment of notes payable
  - 
  (24)
Net cash used in financing activities
  - 
  (24)
 
    
    
Net decrease in cash
  (41)
  (100)
Cash at beginning of period
  917 
  659 
Cash at end of period
 $876 
 $559 
 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest
 $- 
 $- 
Income taxes
 $- 
 $- 
 
    
    
 
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-3
 
PEDEVCO CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
 
NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of PEDEVCO CORP. (“PEDEVCO” or the “Company”), have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto contained in PEDEVCO’s latest Annual Report filed with the SEC on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been reflected herein. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Notes to the financial statements that would substantially duplicate disclosures contained in the audited financial statements for the most recent fiscal year, as reported in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2018, have been omitted.
 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
NOTE 2 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
 
PEDEVCO’s primary business plan is engaging in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas shale plays in the United States, with a secondary focus on conventional oil and natural gas plays. The Company’s principal operating properties are located in the Wattenberg, Wattenberg Extension, and Niobrara formation in the Denver-Julesburg Basin (the “D-J Basin” and the “D-J Basin Asset”) in Weld County, Colorado, all of which properties are owned by the Company through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Red Hawk Petroleum, LLC (“Red Hawk”).
 
The Company plans to focus on the development of shale oil and gas assets held by the Company in its D-J Basin Asset.
 
The Company plans to seek additional shale oil and gas and conventional oil and gas asset acquisition opportunities in the U.S. utilizing its strategic relationships and technologies that may provide the Company a competitive advantage in accessing and exploring such assets. Some or all of these assets may be acquired by existing subsidiaries or other entities that may be formed at a future date.
 
NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation.  The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and those of its wholly and partially-owned subsidiaries as follows: (i) Blast AFJ, Inc., a Delaware corporation; (ii) Pacific Energy Development Corp. (“PEDCO”), a Nevada corporation; (iii) Pacific Energy & Rare Earth Limited, a Hong Kong company (dissolved on August 11, 2017); (iv) Blackhawk Energy Limited, a British Virgin Islands company (which is currently in the process of being dissolved); (v) White Hawk Petroleum, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (dissolved on November 30, 2016); (vi) Red Hawk Petroleum, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company; (vii) Pacific Energy Development MSL, LLC (owned 50% by the Company) (dissolved in September 2016) and is included in our consolidated results for the periods prior to its dissolution (“PEDCO MSL”); (viii) PEDEVCO Acquisition Subsidiary, Inc., a Texas corporation which was formed on May 21, 2015 in connection with the planned reorganization transaction with Dome Energy, Inc. (“Dome Energy”), which was subsequently terminated (dissolved in April 2016); and (ix) White Hawk Energy, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, formed on January 4, 2016 in connection with the contemplated reorganization transaction with GOM Holdings, LLC (“GOM”), which reorganization transaction has since been terminated (dissolved in March 2018). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.  
 
 
F-4
 
 
Use of Estimates in Financial Statement Preparation. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as certain financial statement disclosures. While management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates generally include those with respect to the amount of recoverable oil and gas reserves, the fair value of financial instruments, oil and gas depletion, asset retirement obligations, and stock-based compensation.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, cash equivalents consisted of money market funds and cash on deposit.
 
Concentrations of Credit Risk. Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk include cash deposits placed with financial institutions. The Company maintains its cash in bank accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits as guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). At March 31, 2018, approximately $618,000 of the Company’s cash balances were uninsured. The Company has not experienced any losses on such accounts.
 
Sales to one customer comprised 55% of the Company’s total oil and gas revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Sales to one customer comprised 63% of the Company’s total oil and gas revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The Company believes that, in the event that its primary customers are unable or unwilling to continue to purchase the Company’s production, there are a substantial number of alternative buyers for its production at comparable prices.
 
Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable typically consist of oil and gas receivables. The Company has classified these as short-term assets in the balance sheet because the Company expects repayment or recovery within the next 12 months. The Company evaluates these accounts receivable for collectability considering the results of operations of these related entities and, when necessary, records allowances for expected unrecoverable amounts. To date, no allowances have been recorded. Included in accounts receivable - oil and gas is $4,000 related to receivables from joint interest owners.
 
Bad Debt Expense. The Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivables is critical to its operating performance and cash flows. Accounts receivable are stated at an amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. The Company extends credit in the normal course of business. The Company regularly reviews outstanding receivables and when the Company determines that a party may not be able to make required payments, a charge to bad debt expense in the period of determination is made. Though the Company’s bad debts have not historically been significant, the Company could experience increased bad debt expense should a financial downturn occur. 
 
Equipment. Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Renewals and betterments which extend the life or improve existing equipment are capitalized. Upon disposition or retirement of equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are 3 to 10 years.
 
Oil and Gas Properties, Successful Efforts Method. The successful efforts method of accounting is used for oil and gas exploration and production activities. Under this method, all costs for development wells, support equipment and facilities, and proved mineral interests in oil and gas properties are capitalized. Geological and geophysical costs are expensed when incurred. Costs of exploratory wells are capitalized as exploration and evaluation assets pending determination of whether the wells find proved oil and gas reserves. Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated quantities of crude oil and natural gas which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, (i.e., prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made). Prices include consideration of changes in existing prices provided only by contractual arrangements, but not on escalations based upon future conditions. 
 
 
F-5
 
  
Exploratory wells in areas not requiring major capital expenditures are evaluated for economic viability within one year of completion of drilling. The related well costs are expensed as dry holes if it is determined that such economic viability is not attained. Otherwise, the related well costs are reclassified to oil and gas properties and subject to impairment review. For exploratory wells that are found to have economically viable reserves in areas where major capital expenditure will be required before production can commence, the related well costs remain capitalized only if additional drilling is under way or firmly planned. Otherwise the related well costs are expensed as dry holes.
 
Exploration and evaluation expenditures incurred subsequent to the acquisition of an exploration asset in a business combination are accounted for in accordance with the policy outlined above.
 
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of capitalized oil and gas properties is calculated on a field by field basis using the unit of production method. Lease acquisition costs are amortized over the total estimated proved developed and undeveloped reserves and all other capitalized costs are amortized over proved developed reserves.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value.
 
Asset Retirement Obligations. If a reasonable estimate of the fair value of an obligation to perform site reclamation, dismantle facilities or plug and abandon wells can be made, the Company will record a liability (an asset retirement obligation or “ARO”) on its consolidated balance sheet and capitalize the present value of the asset retirement cost in oil and gas properties in the period in which the retirement obligation is incurred. In general, the amount of an ARO and the costs capitalized will be equal to the estimated future cost to satisfy the abandonment obligation assuming the normal operation of the asset, using current prices that are escalated by an assumed inflation factor up to the estimated settlement date, which is then discounted back to the date that the abandonment obligation was incurred using an assumed cost of funds for the Company. After recording these amounts, the ARO will be accreted to its future estimated value using the same assumed cost of funds and the capitalized costs are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis over the estimated proved developed reserves. Both the accretion and the depreciation will be included in depreciation, depletion and amortization expense on our consolidated statements of operations.
 
The following table describes changes in our asset retirement obligations during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): 
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Asset retirement obligations at January 1
 $477 
 $246 
Accretion expense
  19 
  22 
Obligations incurred for acquisition
  - 
  - 
Changes in estimates
  - 
  - 
Asset retirement obligations at March 31
 $496 
 $268 
 
Revenue Recognition. ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, supersedes the revenue recognition requirements and industry-specific guidance under Revenue Recognition (Topic 605). Topic 606 requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted Topic 606 on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Under the modified retrospective method, prior period financial positions and results will not be adjusted. The cumulative effect adjustment recognized in the opening balances included no significant changes as a result of this adoption. While the Company does not expect 2018 net earnings to be materially impacted by revenue recognition timing changes, Topic 606 requires certain changes to the presentation of revenues and related expenses beginning January 1, 2018. Refer to Note 5 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers for additional information.
 
 
F-6
 
 
The Company’s revenue is comprised entirely of revenue from exploration and production activities. The Company’s oil is sold primarily to marketers, gatherers, and refiners. Natural gas is sold primarily to interstate and intrastate natural-gas pipelines, direct end-users, industrial users, local distribution companies, and natural-gas marketers. NGLs are sold primarily to direct end-users, refiners, and marketers. Payment is generally received from the customer in the month following delivery.
 
Contracts with customers have varying terms, including month-to-month contracts, and contracts with a finite term. The Company recognizes sales revenues for oil, natural gas, and NGLs based on the amount of each product sold to a customer when control transfers to the customer. Generally, control transfers at the time of delivery to the customer at a pipeline interconnect, the tailgate of a processing facility, or as a tanker lifting is completed. Revenue is measured based on the contract price, which may be index-based or fixed, and may include adjustments for market differentials and downstream costs incurred by the customer, including gathering, transportation, and fuel costs.
 
Revenues are recognized for the sale of the Company’s net share of production volumes. Sales on behalf of other working interest owners and royalty interest owners are not recognized as revenues.
 
Income Taxes. The Company utilizes the asset and liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards and for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that the value of such assets will be realized.
 
Stock-Based Compensation. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of employee stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fair value of our share-based compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fair value, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stock-based payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances.
 
The Company estimates volatility by considering the historical stock volatility. The Company has opted to use the simplified method for estimating expected term, which is generally equal to the midpoint between the vesting period and the contractual term.
 
Loss per Common Share. Basic loss per common share equals net loss divided by weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share includes the impact on dilution from all contingently issuable shares, including options, warrants and convertible securities. The common stock equivalents from contingent shares are determined by the treasury stock method. The Company incurred net losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and therefore, basic and diluted loss per share for those periods are the same as all potential common equivalent shares would be anti-dilutive. The Company excluded 500,727 and 406,608 potentially issuable shares of common stock related to options, 1,231,373 and 1,248,036 potentially issuable shares of common stock related to warrants and 153,379 and 141,980 potentially issuable shares of common stock related to the conversion of Bridge Notes due to their anti-dilutive effect for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The Company follows Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), which clarifies fair value as an exit price, establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework for measuring fair value, and requires extended disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of ASC 820 apply to all financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
 
 
F-7
 
 
As defined in ASC 820, fair value, clarified as an exit price, represents the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a result, fair value is a market-based approach that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability.
 
As a basis for considering these assumptions, ASC 820 defines a three-tier value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value. 
 
 
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 
Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
 
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
 
The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.  In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, a new lease standard requiring lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for most leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company will be required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company has evaluated the adoption of the standard and, due to there being only one operating lease currently in place, there will be minimal impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.
 
In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (Topic 718). The FASB issued this update to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments and affect all organizations that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. Several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions are simplified, including: (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification on the statement of cash flows. The updated guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the update is permitted.   The Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2017. There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.
 
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The new standard will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case it would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable.   There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.
 
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)”, requiring that the statement of cash flows explain the change in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The provisions of this guidance are to be applied using a retrospective approach which requires application of the guidance for all periods presented.  There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.
 
The Company does not expect the adoption of any recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a significant impact on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
 
Subsequent Events. The Company has evaluated all transactions through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued for subsequent event disclosure consideration.
 
 
F-8
 
 
NOTE 4 – GOING CONCERN
 
Although the Company’s senior Tranche A Notes (as defined and discussed below under “Note 9 – Notes Payable – 2016 Senior Note Restructuring”) do not mature until May 11, 2019 and all of the Company’s other debt expressly subordinated thereto due, June 11, 2019, at the earliest, with no amounts due or owing under such subordinated debt until such date, with the exception of the New MIEJ Note (as defined and discussed below under “Note 9 – Notes Payable – MIE Jurassic Energy Corporation”), which matures on March 8, 2019 and with interest accruing thru March 8, 2018 being payable on such date, the realization of the Company’s assets and satisfaction of its liabilities remains contingent on the completion of a future financing. The Company anticipates that it will need approximately $18 million in 2018 to execute its current business plan and is currently actively negotiating the necessary financing.  In the event that the Company is unable to complete the financing currently under consideration, and is otherwise unable to replace such financing on a timely basis, it would materially affect the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.  If such financing is not completed, among other things, the Company expects that it would incur additional impairment of its oil and gas properties of up to $29 million and the Company’s ability to meet its obligations from existing cash flows would be significantly affected. If the Company would be required to seek financing from other sources, such financings may not be available or, if available, may not be on terms acceptable to the Company or its existing lenders. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability of assets or classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise capital to meet its debt obligations, working capital needs, and develop its oil and gas properties to attain profitable operations. Management has concluded that there is substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date of these financial statements are issued.
 
NOTE 5 – REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
 
Change in Accounting Policy. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Refer to Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.
 
Exploration and Production. There were no significant changes to the timing or valuation of revenue recognized for sales of production from exploration and production activities.
 
Disaggregation of Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The following table disaggregates revenue by significant product type for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
Oil sales
 $549 
Natural gas sales
  49 
Natural gas liquids sales
  46 
Total revenue from customers
 $644 
 
There were no significant contract liabilities or transaction price allocations to any remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2017 or March 31, 2018.
 
 
F-9
 
 
NOTE 6 – OIL AND GAS PROPERTIES
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s oil and gas activities by classification for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
 
 
Balance at
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at
March 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
Additions
 
 
Disposals
 
 
Transfers
 
 
2018
 
Oil and gas properties, subject to amortization
 $68,306 
 $- 
 $- 
 $- 
 $68,306 
Oil and gas properties, not subject to amortization
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
Asset retirement costs
  260 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  260 
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and impairment
  (33,644)
  (563)
  - 
  - 
  (34,207)
Total oil and gas assets
 $34,922 
 $(563)
 $- 
 $- 
 $34,359 
 
The depletion recorded for production on proved properties for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, amounted to $563,000 and $658,000, respectively.
 
NOTE 7 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
 
On November 19, 2015, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement with certain parties including Dome Energy, pursuant to which Dome Energy agreed to acquire the Company’s interests in eight wells and fully fund the Company’s proportionate share of all the corresponding working interest owner expenses with respect to these eight wells. The Company assigned its interests in these wells to Dome Energy effective November 18, 2015, and Dome Energy assumed all amounts owed for the drilling and completion costs corresponding to these interests acquired from the Company. As part of this transaction, Dome Energy also agreed to pay an additional $250,000 to the Company in the event the anticipated merger was not consummated. In connection with the assignment of these well interests, Dome Energy issued a contingent promissory note to the Company, dated November 19, 2015 (the “Dome Promissory Note”), with a principal amount of $250,000, which was due to mature on December 29, 2015, upon the termination of the anticipated merger with Dome Energy. To guarantee payment of the Dome Promissory Note, Dome Energy deposited $250,000 into an escrow account. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company collected this receivable of $250,000 in full satisfaction of the Dome Promissory Note.
 
On March 24, 2015, Red Hawk and Dome Energy entered into a Service Agreement, pursuant to which Red Hawk agreed to provide certain human resource and accounting services to Dome Energy, of which $156,000 remained due and payable by Dome Energy to Red Hawk as of December 31, 2015. On March 29, 2016, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement with Dome Energy and certain of its affiliated entities, pursuant to which the Company and Dome Energy agreed to terminate and cancel the Service Agreement and settle a number of outstanding matters, with Dome Energy agreeing to pay to Red Hawk $50,000 on May 2, 2016, in full satisfaction of the amounts due under the Service Agreement, with all remaining amounts owed forgiven by Red Hawk. As of December 31, 2015, the receivable due from Dome Energy totaled $406,000. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the net receivable created by the Dome Promissory Note was reduced to $25,000 by (i) the collection of the $250,000 as described above, (ii) forgiveness by the Company of $106,000 due from Dome Energy pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, and (iii) the recording of an allowance of $25,000 as a doubtful account (which was recognized as bad debt expense in selling, general and administrative expense on the Company’s income statement). As of December 31, 2016, the $50,000 was still due from Dome to Red Hawk as a part of the Settlement Agreement. The Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2016 of $25,000 related to this outstanding amount, as $25,000 of the $50,000 was collected in early 2017. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the net receivable created by the Dome Promissory Note was equal to $25,000 due to (i) the collection of the $25,000 in January 2017, and (ii) the reversal of the allowance of $25,000 as a doubtful account (and credited to bad debt expense in selling, general and administrative expense on the Company’s income statement) due to the collection in April 2017 of the final $25,000 that had been due (the Company had no allowance for doubtful accounts as of March 31, 2017). As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, the net receivable created by the Dome Promissory Note was $-0-.
 
 
F-10
 
 
NOTE 8 – OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
 
On September 11, 2013, the Company entered into a Shares Subscription Agreement (“SSA”) to acquire an approximate 51% ownership in Asia Sixth Energy Resources Limited (“Asia Sixth”), which held an approximate 60% ownership interest in Aral Petroleum Capital Limited Partnership (“Aral”), a Kazakhstan entity. In August 2014 the SSA was restructured (the “Aral Restructuring”), in connection with which the Company received a promissory note in the principal amount of $10.0 million from Asia Sixth (the “A6 Promissory Note”), which would be converted into a 10.0% interest in Caspian Energy, Inc. (“Caspian Energy”), an Ontario, Canada company listed on the NEX board of the TSX Venture Exchange, upon the consummation of the Aral Restructuring.
 
The Company entered into an agreement with Golden Globe Energy (US), LLC (“GGE”) to convey 50% of the Company’s interests in Asia Sixth in connection with an acquisition transaction in March 2014.
 
The Aral Restructuring was consummated on May 20, 2015, upon which date the A6 Promissory Note was converted into 23,182,880 shares of common stock of Caspian Energy. In addition, on the date of conversion of the A6 Promissory Note, Mr. Frank Ingriselli, our Chairman and then Chief Executive Officer, was appointed as a non-executive director of Caspian Energy and currently serves as the Chairman of its Board of Directors.
 
In February 2015, the Company expanded its D-J Basin position through the acquisition of acreage from GGE (the “GGE Acquisition” and the “GGE Acquired Assets”). In connection with the GGE Acquisition, on February 23, 2015, the Company provided GGE a one-year option to acquire its interest in Caspian Energy for $100,000 payable upon exercise of the option recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. As a result, the carrying value of the 23,182,880 shares of common stock of Caspian Energy which were issued upon conversion of the A6 Promissory Note at December 31, 2015 was $100,000. The option provided to GGE was not exercised and expired on February 23, 2016, resulting in the Company retaining ownership of the 23,182,880 shares of Caspian Energy.
 
In connection with the Company’s May 2016 debt restructuring as more fully described below under “Note 9 – Notes Payable – 2016 Senior Note Restructuring”, the Company entered into a new Call Option Agreement with GGE, dated May 12, 2016 (the “GGE Option Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company provided GGE an option to purchase the 23,182,880 common shares of Caspian Energy upon payment of $100,000 by GGE to the Company at any time. The option expires on May 12, 2019, which is the maturity date of the debt evidenced by that certain Note and Security Agreement, dated April 10, 2014, as amended on February 23, 2015, and May 12, 2016, issued by the Company to RJ Credit LLC (“RJC” and the “RJC Junior Note”), as described below. The $100,000 option is classified as part of other current assets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
  
NOTE 9 – NOTES PAYABLE
 
Note Purchase Agreement and Sale of Secured Promissory Notes
 
On March 7, 2014, the Company entered into a $50 million financing facility (the “Notes Purchase Agreement”) between the Company, BRe BCLIC Primary, BRe BCLIC Sub, BRe WNIC 2013 LTC Primary, BRe WNIC 2013 LTC Sub, and RJC, as investors (collectively, the “Investors”), and BAM Administrative Services LLC, as agent for the Investors (the “Agent”). The Company issued the Investors Secured Promissory Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $34.5 million (the “Initial Notes”), which also provided for an additional $15.5 million available under the financing agreement to fund the Company’s future drilling costs to be evidenced by notes with substantially similar terms as the Initial Notes (the “Subsequent Notes,” and together with the Initial Notes, the “Senior Notes”). On March 19, 2015, BRe WNIC 2013 LTC Primary transferred a portion of its Initial Note to HEARTLAND Bank, and effective April 1, 2015, BRe BCLIC Primary transferred its Initial Note to Senior Health Insurance Company of Pennsylvania (“SHIP”), with each of HEARTLAND Bank and SHIP becoming an “Investor” for purposes of the discussion below. Effective March 9, 2018, CadleRock IV, LLC acquired all of HEARTLAND’s interests in the Senior Notes, becoming an “Investor” for purposes of the discussion below.
 
The Initial Notes, as originally issued, accrued interest at the rate of 15% per annum, payable monthly, required us to make certain mandatory principal payments and was originally to mature on March 7, 2017.
 
 
F-11
 
 
On August 28, 2015, January 29, 2016, March 7, 2016 and April 1, 2016, the Company entered into several letter agreements and amendments with certain of the holders to: (i) defer until the maturity date of their Senior Notes the mandatory principal payments that would otherwise be due and payable by the Company to them on payment dates occurring from August 2015 through April 2016; and (ii) defer until the maturity date of their Senior Notes and the RJC Junior Note all of the interest payments that would otherwise be due and payable by the Company to them from August 2015 to April 2016, with all interest amounts deferred being added to principal on the first business day of the month following the month in which such deferred interest is accrued. The purpose of these deferrals was to provide the Company with temporary relief from cash requirements to focus and execute upon its contemplated business combinations.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, there were no payments made to reduce the outstanding principal due under the Initial Notes, however, such Notes were restructured as described below.
 
2016 Senior Note Restructuring
 
Following a series of temporary payment deferrals as described above, on May 12, 2016 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement (the “Amended NPA”), with existing lenders SHIP, BRe BCLIC Sub, BRe WINIC 2013 LTC Primary, BRe WNIC 2013 LTC Sub, Heartland Bank (assigned to CadleRock IV, LLC in March 2018), and RJC, and new lenders BHLN-Pedco Corp. (“BHLN”) and BBLN-Pedco Corp. (“BBLN,” and together with BHLN and RJC, the “Tranche A Investors”) (the investors in the Tranche B Notes (defined below) and the Tranche A Investors, collectively, the “Lenders”), and the Agent, as agent for the Lenders. The Amended NPA amended and restated the Senior Notes held by the Investors, and the Company issued new Senior Secured Promissory Notes to each of the Investors (collectively, the “Tranche B Notes”) in a transaction that qualified as a troubled debt restructuring. RJC is also a party to the RJC Junior Note (discussed below under Notes Payable - Related Party Financings - Subordinated Note Payable Assumed).  
 
Subsequently, certain of the Lenders transferred some or all of the principal outstanding under the New Senior Notes (as defined below) held by them and the term Lenders as used herein refers to the current holders of the New Senior Notes, as applicable.
 
The Amended NPA amended the Senior Notes as follows:
 
●
Created and issued to the Tranche A Investors new “Tranche A Notes,” in substantially the same form and with similar terms as the Tranche B Notes, except as discussed below, consisting of a term loan issuable in tranches with a maximum aggregate principal amount of $25,960,000, with borrowed funds accruing interest at 15% per annum, and maturing on May 11, 2019 (the “Tranche A Maturity Date”) (the “Tranche A Notes,” and together with the Tranche B Notes, the “New Senior Notes”);
 
●
The Company capitalized all accrued and unpaid interest under the Tranche B Notes as a term loan with an aggregate outstanding principal balance as of May 12, 2016 equal to $39,065,000 (as of March 31, 2018, the aggregate outstanding principal balance is $49,669,000). The Tranche B Notes mature on June 11, 2019 except for the Tranche B Note issued to RJC, which matures on July 11, 2019;
 
●
Amended the provisions of the Senior Notes which required mandatory prepayments from our revenues, replacing them with a Net Revenue Sweep as described below; and
 
●
Provides that interest on the Tranche B Notes will continue to accrue at the rate of 15% per annum, but all accrued interest through March 31, 2018 shall be deferred until due and payable on the maturity date, with all interest amounts deferred being added to the principal of the Tranche B Notes on a monthly basis and that following March 31, 2018, all interest will accrue and be paid monthly in arrears in cash to the Tranche B Note holders, provided, however, no payment may be made on the Tranche B Notes unless and until the Tranche A Notes are repaid in full. 
 
 
F-12
 
 
The Tranche A Notes are substantially similar to the Tranche B Notes, except that such notes are senior to the Tranche B Notes, accrue interest until maturity and have priority to the payment of Monthly Net Revenues as discussed below.
 
Amounts paid to the Agent through the Net Revenue Sweep are applied first to the repayment of principal and interest due under the Tranche A Notes until such notes are paid in full and then to the repayment of principal and interest amounts due under the Tranche B Notes. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has paid $688,000 of principal under the Net Revenue Sweep, of which $-0- was paid during the current three month period.
 
On the Closing Date, Tranche A Investors BHLN and BBLN loaned the Company their pro rata share of an aggregate of $6,422,000 (the “Initial Tranche A Funding”). The Initial Tranche A Funding net proceeds (amounting to $6,422,000 less legal fees of $127,000) were used by the Company to (i) fund approximately $5.1 million due to a third party operator for drilling and completion expenses related to the acquired working interests in eight wells from Dome Energy, (ii) pay $750,000 of the Company’s past due payables to Liberty Oilfield Services, LLC (“Liberty”), (iii) pay $445,000 of unpaid interest payments due to Heartland Bank under its Tranche B Note through February 29, 2016, and (iv) pay fees and expenses of $127,000. 
 
Subject to the terms and conditions of the Amended NPA, the Company may request each Tranche A Investor, from time to time, to advance to the Company additional amounts of funding (each, a “Subsequent Tranche A Funding”), provided that: (i) the Company may not request a Subsequent Tranche A Funding more than one time in any calendar month; (ii) Agent shall have received a written request from the Company at least 15 business days prior to the requested date of such advance (the “Advance Request”); (iii) no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing; and (iv) the Company shall provide to the Agent such documents, instruments, certificates and other writings as the Agent shall reasonably require in its sole and absolute discretion. The advancement of all or any portion of the Subsequent Tranche A Funding is in the sole and absolute discretion of the Agent and the Investors and no Investor is obligated to fund all or any part of the Subsequent Tranche A Funding. Each Subsequent Tranche A Funding shall be in a minimum amount of $500,000 and multiples of $100,000 in excess thereof. The aggregate amount of Subsequent Tranche A Fundings that may be made by the Investors under the Amended NPA shall not exceed $18,577,876 and any Subsequent Tranche A Funding repaid may not be re-borrowed.
 
In addition, subject to the terms and conditions of the Amended NPA, RJC agreed to loan $240,000 to the Company, within 30 days of the Closing Date and within 30 days of each of July 1, 2016, October 1, 2016 and January 1, 2017 (collectively, the “RJC Fundings” and collectively with the Investor Tranche A Fundings, the “Fundings”), provided that no Event of Default or Default shall exist. The aggregate amount of the RJC Fundings made by RJC under the Amended NPA shall not exceed $960,000 and any Funding repaid may not be re-borrowed. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has received no loan proceeds under this agreement, and RJC is in default of its funding obligations thereunder.
 
To guarantee RJC’s obligation in connection with the RJC Fundings as required under the Amended NPA, GGE entered into a Share Pledge Agreement with the Company, dated May 12, 2016 (the “GGE Pledge Agreement”), pursuant to which GGE agreed to pledge an aggregate of 10,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock held by GGE (convertible into 1,000,000 shares of Company common stock), which pledged shares are subject to automatic cancellation and forfeiture based on a schedule set forth in the GGE Share Pledge Agreement, in the event RJC fails to meet each of its RJC Funding obligations pursuant to the Amended NPA. To date, RJC has not met its RJC Funding obligations under the Amended NPA and the Company is entitled to cancel and forfeit the entire 10,000 pledged shares of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock held by GGE pursuant to the terms of the GGE Pledge Agreement, which determination to cancel shares has not been made, and which shares have not been cancelled, as of the date of this filing.
 
As additional consideration for the entry into the Amended NPA, the Company granted to BHLN and BBLN, warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 596,280 shares of common stock of the Company (the “Investor Warrants”). The warrants have a 3-year term, are transferrable, and are exercisable on a cashless basis at any time at $2.50 per share (as amended). The Investor Warrants include a beneficial ownership limitation that prohibits the exercise of the Investor Warrants to the extent such exercise would result in the holder, together with its affiliates, holding more than 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding voting stock (the “Blocker Provision”). The estimated fair value of the Investor Warrants issued is approximately $707,000 based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The relative fair value allocated to the Tranche A Notes and recorded as debt discount was $636,000.
 
 
F-13
 
 
Other than the Investor Warrants, no additional warrants exercisable for common stock of the Company are due, owing, or shall be granted to the Lenders pursuant to the Senior Notes, as amended. In addition, warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 34,912 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $15.00 per share and warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 120,101 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $7.50 per share previously granted by the Company to certain of the Lenders on September 10, 2015 in connection with prior interest payment deferrals have been amended and restated to provide that all such warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and to include a Blocker Provision (the “Amended and Restated Warrants”).
 
Additionally, the Company also agreed to (a) provide to the Agent and the Investors a monthly projected general and administrative expense report (the “Projected G&A”) and a monthly comparison report of the Projected G&A provided for the preceding month, with an explanation of any variances, provided that in no event shall such variances exceed $150,000, and (b) pay to the Agent within 2 business days following the end of each calendar month all of the Company’s oil and gas revenue received by the Company during such month (the “Net Revenue Sweep”), less (i) lease operating expenses, (ii) interest payments due to Investors under the New Senior Notes, (iii) general and administrative expenses not to exceed $150,000 per month unless preapproved by the Agent (the “G&A Cap”), and (iv) preapproved extraordinary expenses (together the “Monthly Net Revenues”). Amounts paid to the Agent through the Net Revenue Sweep are applied first to the repayment of principal and interest due under the Tranche A Notes until such notes are paid in full and then to the repayment of principal and interest amounts due under the Tranche B Notes. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has paid $688,000 of principal under the Net Revenue Sweep, of which $-0- was paid during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The amount of interest deferred under the Tranche A and Tranche B Notes as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 equaled $3,671,000 and $3,195,000, respectively, and was accounted for on the balance sheet under long-term accrued expenses and accrued expenses - related party.
 
The amounts outstanding under the New Senior Notes are secured by a first priority security interest in all of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ assets, property, real property, intellectual property, securities and proceeds therefrom, granted in favor of the Agent for the benefit of the Lenders, pursuant to a Security Agreement and a Patent Security Agreement, each entered into as of March 7, 2014, as amended on May 12, 2016 (the “Amended Security Agreement” and “Amended Patent Agreement,” respectively). Additionally, the Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, was granted a mortgage and security interest in all of the Company’s and its subsidiaries real property as located in the State of Colorado and the State of Texas pursuant to (i) a Leasehold Deed of Trust, Fixture Filing, Assignment of Rents and Leases, and Security Agreements, dated March 7, 2014, as amended May 12, 2016, filed in Weld County and Morgan County, Colorado; and (ii) a Mortgage, Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Financing Statement and Assignment of Production filed in Matagorda County, Texas (collectively, the “Amended Mortgages”).  
 
Other than as described above, the terms of the Amended NPA (including the covenants and obligations thereunder) are substantially the same as the March 2014 Notes Purchase Agreement described above, and the terms of the Tranche A Notes and Tranche B Notes (including the events of default, interest rates and conditions associated therewith) are substantially the same as the Senior Notes.
 
All debt discount amounts are amortized using the effective interest rate method. The total amount of the remaining debt discount reflected on the accompanying balance sheet as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $3,039,000 and $3,751,000, respectively. Amortization of debt discount and total interest expense for the notes (New Senior Notes – Tranche B and Tranche A Notes and GGE Notes) was $712,000 and $2,386,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and $831,000 and $1,604,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2017.
 
Junior Debt Restructuring
 
On May 12, 2016, the Company entered into an Amendment No. 2 to Note and Security Agreement with RJC (the “Second Amendment”). The Company and RJC agreed to amend the RJC Junior Note to (i) capitalize all accrued and unpaid interest under the RJC Junior Note as of May 12, 2016, and add it to the note principal, making the outstanding principal amount of the RJC Junior Note as of May 12, 2016 equal to $9,379,000, (ii) extend the maturity date (“Termination Date”) from December 31, 2017 to July 11, 2019, (iii) provide that all future interest accruing under the RJC Junior Note is deferred until payable on the Termination Date, with all future interest amounts deferred being added to the principal on a monthly basis, and (iv) subordinate the RJC Junior Note to the New Senior Notes.
 
 
F-14
 
 
Bridge Note Financing
  
As of March 31, 2018, the Company had Bridge Notes with an aggregate principal balance of $475,000 remaining outstanding, plus accrued interest of $244,000 and additional payment-in-kind (“PIK”) of $48,000. The aggregate principal and accrued and unpaid interest and PIK amounts are available for conversion into common stock pursuant to the terms of the Bridge Notes into common stock of the Company, subject to no more than 19.99% of the Company’s outstanding common stock on the date the Second Amended Notes were entered into. Upon a conversion, the applicable holder shall receive that number of shares of common stock as is determined by dividing the Conversion Amount by a conversion price as follows:
 
(A)
prior to June 1, 2014, the conversion price was $21.50 per share; and
 
(B)
following June 1, 2014, the denominator used in the calculation described above is the greater of (i) 80% of the average of the closing price per share of the Company’s publicly-traded common stock for the five (5) trading days immediately preceding the date of the conversion notice provided by the holder; and (ii) $5.00 per share.
 
Additionally, each Amended Bridge Investor entered into a Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement in favor of the Agent, subordinating and deferring the repayment of the Bridge Notes until full repayment of certain senior notes. The Subordination and Intercreditor Agreements also prohibit the Company from repaying the Bridge Notes until certain senior notes have been paid in full. The interest expense related to these notes for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $14,000 and $14,000, respectively. 
 
The unamortized debt premium on the Convertible Bridge Notes as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, was $113,000. No amortization was recorded during 2018 due to these notes being subordinated by the Senior Notes.
 
MIE Jurassic Energy Corporation
 
On February 14, 2013, PEDCO entered into a Secured Subordinated Promissory Note with MIE Jurassic Energy Corp. (“MIEJ”), which was amended on March 25, 2013 and July 9, 2013 (the “MIEJ Note”, as amended through December 31, 2014) with MIEJ.
 
In February 2015, the Company and PEDCO entered into a Settlement Agreement with MIEJ and issued a new promissory note in the amount of $4.925 million to MIEJ (the “NEW MIEJ Note”). The Settlement Agreement related to the February 2015 disposition of the Company’s interest in Condor Energy Technology, LLC, a joint venture previously owned 20% by the Company and 80% by MIEJ. As of March 31, 2018, the principal amount outstanding under the New MIEJ Note was $4,925,000.
 
The New MIEJ Note has an interest rate of 10.0%, with no interest due until maturity, is secured by all of the Company’s assets, and is subordinated to the Senior Notes. MIEJ also agreed to subordinate its note up to an additional $60 million of new senior lending, with any portion of new senior lending in excess of this amount required to be paid first to MIEJ until the New MIEJ Note is paid in full. Further, for every $20 million in new senior lending the Company raises, MIEJ is required to be paid all interest and fees accrued on the New MIEJ Note through such date. The New MIEJ Note was due and payable on March 8, 2017, subject to automatic extensions upon the occurrence of a Long Term Financing (defined below), which as described below has occurred to date.
 
On a one-time basis, the Secured Promissory Notes may be refinanced by a new loan (“Long-Term Financing”) by one or more third party replacement lenders (“Replacement Lenders”), and in such event the Company shall undertake commercially reasonable best efforts to cause the Replacement Lenders to simultaneously refinance both the Senior Notes and the New MIEJ Note as part of such Long-Term Financing. If the Replacement Lenders are unable or unwilling to include the New MIEJ Note in such financing, then the Long-Term Financing may proceed without including the New MIEJ Note, and the New MIEJ Note shall remain in place and shall be automatically subordinated, without further consent of MIEJ, to such Long-Term Financing. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of a Long-Term Financing, the maturity of the New MIEJ Note is automatically extended to the same maturity date of the Long-Term Financing, but to no later than March 8, 2020. Additionally, in connection with a contemplated Long-Term Financing:
 
 
F-15
 
 
●
The Long-Term Financing must not exceed $95 million;
 
●
The Company must make commercially reasonable best efforts to include adequate reserves or other payment provisions whereby MIEJ is paid all interest and fees accrued on the New MIEJ Note commencing as of March 8, 2017 and annually thereafter, and to allow for quarterly interest payments starting March 31, 2017 of not less than 5% per annum on the outstanding balance of the New MIEJ Note, plus a one-time payment of accrued interest (not to exceed $500,000) as of March 31, 2017; and
 
●
Commencing on March 8, 2017, MIEJ shall have the right to convert the balance of the New MIEJ Note into the Company’s common stock at a price equal to 80% of the average closing price per share of our stock over the then previous 60 days, subject to a minimum conversion price of $3.00 per share. MIEJ shall not be permitted to convert if the conversion would result in MIEJ holding more than 19.9% of the Company’s outstanding common stock without approval from the Company’s shareholders, which approval the Company obtained at its 2016 annual shareholder meeting held on December 28, 2016.
 
In the event the Senior Notes are not refinanced, restructured or extended by the Lenders, the maturity of both the New MIEJ Note and the Senior Notes may be extended to no later than March 8, 2019, without requiring the consent of MIEJ. However, (i) any such maturity extension of the New MIEJ Note will give MIEJ the right to convert the note into our common stock as described above, commencing on March 8, 2017, and (ii) such extension agreement must provide that MIEJ is paid all interest and fees accrued on the New MIEJ Note as of March 8, 2018. The New MIEJ Note may be prepaid any time without penalty.
 
As a result of the Company’s May 2016 senior debt restructuring pursuant to the Amended NPA (as described above under “Note Purchase Agreement and Sale of Secured Promissory Notes” – “2016 Senior Note Restructuring”), the maturity date of the New MIEJ Note has automatically been extended to March 8, 2019, and as a result of the Company’s shareholders approving the conversion terms of the MIEJ Note at the Company’s annual shareholder meeting held on December 28, 2016, MIEJ has had the Right of Conversion (described above) beginning on March 8, 2017.
 
The interest expense related to this note for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $123,000 and $123,000, respectively, with the total cumulative interest equal to $1,601,000 through March 31, 2018.
 
For financial reporting purposes, MIEJ was considered a related party for all periods presented prior to the MIEJ Settlement Agreement signed in February 2015. After that date, MIEJ is no longer considered a related party.
 
Related Party Financings
 
Subordinated Note Payable Assumed
 
In 2015, the Company assumed approximately $8.35 million of subordinated note payable from GGE in the acquisition of the GGE Acquired Assets (the “RJC Junior Note”). The amount outstanding on the RJC Junior Note as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $11,831,000 and $11,483,000, respectively. The lender under the RJC Junior Note is RJC, which is one of the lenders under the Senior Notes and is an affiliate of GGE. The note was originally due and payable on December 31, 2017, but has been extended to July 11, 2019 in connection with the May 2016 restructuring as described above. The assumed note payable is subordinate to the Senior Notes, as well as any future secured indebtedness from a lender with an aggregate principal amount of at least $20,000,000. Should the Company repay the Senior Notes or replace them with secured indebtedness from a lender with an aggregate principal amount of at least $20,000,000, RJC agreed to further amend the subordinated note payable to adjust the frequency of interest payments or to eliminate the payments and replace them with a single payment of the accrued interest to be paid at maturity.
 
The interest expense related to this note for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $348,000 and $308,000, respectively. 
 
 
F-16
 
 
2016 RJC Subordinated Note Deferrals
 
On January 29, 2016 and March 7, 2016, the Company entered into agreements with RJC to defer until maturity the payment of interest and principal due under the RJC Junior Note through March 31, 2016, and reduce the interest rate to 12% per annum effective January 31, 2016.
   
The deferral period was further extended on May 12, 2016, on which date the Company entered into an Amendment No. 2 to Note and Security Agreement with RJC (the “Second Amendment”). The Company and RJC agreed to amend the RJC Junior Note to (i) capitalize all accrued and unpaid interest under the RJC Junior Note as of May 12, 2016, and add it to the note principal, making the outstanding principal amount of the RJC Junior Note as of June 12, 2016 equal to $9,379,000, (ii) extend the maturity date from December 31, 2017 to July 11, 2019, (iii) provide that all future interest accruing under the RJC Junior Note is deferred until payable on the maturity date, with all future interest amounts deferred being added to the principal on a monthly basis, and (iv) subordinate the RJC Junior Note to the New Senior Notes. The warrants previously granted to RJC on September 10, 2015 were also amended to provide that such warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and to include a Blocker Provision (as defined above).
 
As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, interest deferred and capitalized since May 12, 2016, under Amendment No. 2 to the Note, amounted to $1,657,000 and $1,309,000, respectively, and amounted to total deferred interest of $2,912,000 since January 1, 2016. The outstanding principal amount of the RJC Junior Note as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was equal to $11,831,000 and $11,483,000, respectively.   
 
NOTE 10 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
Office Lease
 
In June 2017, the Company entered into a second lease addendum to the original lease agreement signed in July 2012 and the first lease addendum signed in May 2016, as amended, which extends the term of the lease by an additional one year, now ending in July 2018, for its corporate office space located in Danville, California. The obligation under this one-year lease extension for the remainder of the lease through July 2018 is $19,000.
 
Leasehold Drilling Commitments
 
The Company’s oil and gas leasehold acreage is subject to expiration of leases if the Company does not drill and hold such acreage by production or otherwise exercises options to extend such leases, if available, in exchange for payment of additional cash consideration. In the D-J Basin Asset, 48 net acres are due to expire during the nine months remaining in 2018 (1,066 net acres did expire during the three months ended March 31, 2018), 125 net acres expire in 2019, 576 net acres expire thereafter (net to our direct ownership interest only). The Company plans to hold significantly all of this acreage through a program of drilling and completing producing wells. If the Company is not able to drill and complete a well before lease expiration, the Company may seek to extend leases where able. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had fully impaired its unproved leasehold costs based on management’s revised re-leasing program.
 
Other Commitments
 
Although we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we are not currently a party to any material legal proceeding. In addition, we are not aware of any material legal or governmental proceedings against us, or contemplated to be brought against us.
 
As part of its regular operations, the Company may become party to various pending or threatened claims, lawsuits and administrative proceedings seeking damages or other remedies concerning its commercial operations, products, employees and other matters.
 
Although the Company provides no assurance about the outcome of these or any other pending legal and administrative proceedings and the effect such outcomes may have on the Company, the Company believes that any ultimate liability resulting from the outcome of such proceedings, to the extent not otherwise provided for or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
 
 
F-17
 
 
NOTE 11 – SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
 
PREFERRED STOCK
 
At March 31, 2018, the Company was authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share, of which 25,000,000 shares have been designated “Series A” preferred stock.
 
On February 23, 2015, the Company issued 66,625 Series A Preferred shares to GGE as part of the consideration paid for the GGE Acquired Assets. The grant date fair value of the Series A Preferred stock was $28,402,000, based on a calculation using a binomial lattice option pricing model. See Note 14 below.
 
The 66,625 shares of Series A Preferred stock issued to GGE were originally contingently redeemable in 4 tranches as follows: (i) 15,000 shares in Tranche One; (ii) 15,000 shares in Tranche Two; (iii) 11,625 shares in Tranche Three; and (iv) 25,000 shares in Tranche Four.
 
In addition, upon the original issuance of the 66,625 shares of Series A Preferred stock issued to GGE, the Series A preferred stock had the following features:
 
●
a liquidation preference senior to all of the Company’s common stock equal to $400 per share;
 
●
a dividend, payable annually, of 10% of the liquidation preference;
 
●
voting rights on all matters, with each share having 1 vote; and
 
●
a conversion feature at GGE’s option which would allow the Series A Preferred stock to be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock on a 100:1 basis.
 
However, following the October 7, 2015 approval of the Company shareholders of the issuance of shares of common stock upon the conversion of the Series A Preferred stock, the Series A Preferred features have been modified as follows:
 
●
the Series A Preferred stock ceased accruing dividends and all accrued and unpaid dividends have been automatically forfeited and forgiven; and
 
●
the liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred stock has been reduced to $0.001 per share from $400 per share.
 
GGE was also subject to a lock-up provision that prohibited it from selling the shares of common stock through the public markets for less than $10 per share (on an as-converted to common stock basis) until February 23, 2016, and subject to a provision which prohibits GGE from converting shares of Series A Preferred stock if upon such conversion it would beneficially own more than 9.99% of our outstanding common stock or voting stock, subject to waiver by the Company.
 
On November 23, 2015, the Company lost the right to redeem any of the Series A Preferred and the holder also lost the right to force any redemption because, pursuant to the Series A Certificate of Designations, the Company did not repurchase any shares within nine months of the initial Series A issuance. Accordingly, the Series A Preferred is no longer redeemable.
 
As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were 66,625 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred outstanding, 10,000 shares of which are now subject to cancellation and forfeiture as described further in the Notes above due to RJC’s failure to meet its RJC Funding obligations under the Amended NPA.
 
 
F-18
 
 
COMMON STOCK
 
At March 31, 2018, the Company was authorized to issue 200,000,000 shares of its common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company did not issue any shares of common stock or restricted common stock.
 
As of March 31, 2018, there were 7,278,754 shares of common stock outstanding.
 
Stock-based compensation expense recorded related to the vesting of restricted stock during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $166,000 and $248,000, respectively. The remaining unamortized stock-based compensation expense at March 31, 2018 related to restricted stock was $242,000.
 
NOTE 12 – STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
 
Blast 2003 Stock Option Plan and 2009 Stock Incentive Plan
 
Prior to June 2005, the Company was known as Blast Energy Services, Inc. (“Blast”). Under Blast’s 2003 Stock Option Plan and 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, options to acquire 3,424 shares of common stock were granted and remained outstanding and exercisable as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. No new options were issued under these plans in 2018 or 2017.
 
2012 Incentive Plan
 
On July 27, 2012, the shareholders of the Company approved the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Incentive Plan”), which was previously approved by the Board of Directors on June 27, 2012, and authorizes the issuance of various forms of stock-based awards, including incentive or non-qualified options, restricted stock awards, performance shares and other securities as described in greater detail in the 2012 Incentive Plan, to the Company’s employees, officers, directors and consultants. The 2012 Incentive Plan was amended on June 27, 2014, October 7, 2015 and December 28, 2016 and December 28, 2017 to increase by 500,000, 300,000, 500,000 and 1,500,000 (to 3,000,000 currently), respectively, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 20102 Incentive Plan.
 
A total of 3,000,000 shares of common stock are eligible to be issued under the 2012 Incentive Plan as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, of which 2,296,130 shares have been issued as restricted stock, 621,700 shares are subject to issuance upon exercise of issued and outstanding options, and 82,170 remain available for future issuance as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. 
 
 
F-19
 
 
PEDCO 2012 Equity Incentive Plan
 
As a result of the July 27, 2012 merger by and between the Company, Blast Acquisition Corp., a wholly-owned Nevada subsidiary of the Company (“MergerCo”), and Pacific Energy Development Corp., a privately-held Nevada corporation (“PEDCO”) pursuant to which MergerCo was merged with and into PEDCO, with PEDCO continuing as the surviving entity and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, in a transaction structured to qualify as a tax-free reorganization (the “Merger”), the Company assumed the PEDCO 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “PEDCO Incentive Plan”), which was adopted by PEDCO on February 9, 2012. The PEDCO Incentive Plan authorized PEDCO to issue an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock in the form of restricted shares, incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, share appreciation rights, performance shares, and performance units under the PEDCO Incentive Plan. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, options to purchase an aggregate of 31,015 shares of the Company’s common stock and 66,625 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock have been granted under this plan (all of which were granted by PEDCO prior to the closing of the merger with the Company, with such grants being assumed by the Company and remaining subject to the PEDCO Incentive Plan following the consummation of the merger). The Company does not plan to grant any additional awards under the PEDCO Incentive Plan.
 
Options
 
The Company did not grant any options during the three month period ending March 31, 2018.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized stock option expense of $17,000 and $28,000, respectively. The remaining amount of unamortized stock options expense at March 31, 2018, was $30,000.
 
The intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable options at March 31, 2018 was $-0- and $-0-, respectively.
 
The intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable options at December 31, 2017 was $-0- and $-0-, respectively. 
 
Option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2018 was:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
 
Remaining
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
Contract
 
 
 
Number of
 
 
Exercise
 
 
Term
 
 
 
Shares
 
 
Price
 
 
(# years)
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2018
  743,727 
 $3.45 
  3.8 
Granted
  - 
  - 
  - 
Exercised
  - 
  - 
  - 
Forfeited and cancelled
  - 
  - 
  - 
 
    
    
    
Outstanding at March 31, 2018
  743,727 
 $3.45 
  3.5 
 
    
    
    
Exercisable at March 31, 2018
  500,727 
 $5.09 
  3.0 
 
Warrants
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized warrant expense of $-0-. The remaining amount of unrecognized warrant expense at March 31, 2018 was $-0-.
 
The intrinsic value of outstanding as well as exercisable warrants at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was
$-0- and $-0-, respectively.
 
 
F-20
 
 
Warrant activity during the three months ended March 31, 2017 was:  
 
 
 
Number of
Shares
 
 
Weighted
Average Exercise
Price
 
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contract Term
(# years)
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2018
  1,231,373 
 $7.44 
  1.4 
Granted
  - 
  - 
  - 
Exercised
  - 
  - 
  - 
Forfeited and cancelled
  - 
  - 
  - 
 
    
    
    
Outstanding at March 31, 2018
  1,231,373 
 $7.44 
  1.2 
 
    
    
    
Exercisable at March 31, 2018
  1,231,373 
 $7.44 
  1.2 
 
NOTE 13 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
Note Amendments and Warrant Issuances to RJC
 
See Notes above for a discussion of certain amendments to the Senior Note and RJC Junior Note held by RJC.
 
See Notes above for a discussion of certain warrants issued to RJC by the Company in connection with the amendment of the Senior Note and RJC Junior Note held by RJC.
 
GGE Acquisition
 
As a result of the 66,625 restricted shares of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock issued to GGE which can be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock on a 100:1 basis as described below in greater detail, and the appointment by GGE of a representative to the Company’s Board of Directors, GGE became a related party to the Company in 2015. The following table reflects the related party amounts for GGE included in the March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 balance sheets (in thousands):
 
 
 
As of
March 31,
2018
 
 
As of
December 31,
2017
 
Accrued expenses
 $1,994 
 $1,733 
Long-term notes payable – Secured Promissory Notes, net of discount of $919,000 and $1,148,000, respectively
  16,543 
  15,930 
Long notes payable – Subordinated
  11,831 
  11,483 
Total liabilities
 $30,368 
 $29,146 
 
NOTE 14 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
As defined in our accounting policy on the fair value of financial instruments, financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.
 
 
F-21
 
 
The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy our financial instruments that were accounted for at fair value as of March 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements At March 31, 2018
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
 
Total Carrying Value
 
 
 
(Level 1)
 
 
(Level 2)
 
 
(Level 3)
 
 
 
 
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
 $- 
 $- 
 $28,402 
 $28,402 
 
The Company believes there is no active market or significant other market data for the Series A Preferred as it is held by a limited number of closely held entities, therefore the Company has determined it should use Level 3 inputs.
 
The Series A Convertible Preferred was valued using the binomial lattice model of which the significant assumptions were expected term and expected volatility. The binomial lattice model used a probabilistic approach in which the Company assigned percentages to each scenario based on the chance of repayment. The percentages used were as follows: the non-repayment scenario was assigned a 25% probability and the repayment scenario was assigned a 75% probability. 
 
NOTE 15 – INCOME TAXES
 
Due to the Company’s net losses, there was no provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.
 
On December 22, 2017, new federal tax reform legislation was enacted in the United States (the “2017 Tax Act”), resulting in significant changes from previous tax law. The 2017 Tax Act reduces the federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from 34% effective January 1, 2018. The rate change, along with certain immaterial changes in tax basis resulting from the 2017 Tax Act, resulted in a reduction of the Company’s deferred tax assets of $18,589,000 and a corresponding reduction in the valuation allowance as of December 31, 2017. The following table reconciles the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate in effect for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 and the Company’s effective tax rate:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2018
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal statutory income tax
  21.00%
  34.00%
State and local income tax, net of benefits
  6.64%
  4.63%
Amortization of debt discount
  (2.73%)
  (4.98%)
Loss on write-off of cost method investment
  0.00%
  0.00%
Officer life insurance and D&O insurance
  (0.13%)
  (0.19%)
Stock-based compensation
  (1.20%)
  (2.56%)
Tax rate changes and other
  0.00%
  (0.00%)
Valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets
  (23.58%)
 (30.90%)
Effective income tax rate
  0.00%
  0.00%
 
    
    
 
 
F-22
 
 
Deferred income tax assets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):
 
Deferred Tax Assets
 
March 31,
2018
 
 
December 31,
2017
 
Difference in depreciation, depletion, and capitalization methods – oil and natural gas properties
 $3,617
 $3,649 
Net operating loss – federal taxes
  31,107
  30,322 
Net operating loss – state taxes
  5,644 
  5,398 
Total deferred tax asset
  40,368 
  39,369 
 
    
    
Less valuation allowance
  (40,368)
  (39,369)
Total deferred tax assets
 $- 
 $- 
 
In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of deferred assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.
 
Based on the available objective evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will not be fully realizable. Accordingly, management has applied a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2018. The net change in the total valuation allowance from December 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018, was an increase of $999,000.
 
The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2018, the Company did not have any significant uncertain tax positions or unrecognized tax benefits. The Company did not have associated accrued interest or penalties, nor were there any interest expense or penalties recognized during the period from February 9, 2011 (Inception) through March 31, 2018.
 
As of March 31, 2018, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) of approximately $98,206,000 and $49,922,000 (subject to limitations) for federal and state tax purposes. If not utilized, these losses will begin to expire beginning in 2033 and 2023, respectively, for both federal and state purposes.
 
Utilization of NOL and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to ownership change limitations that may have occurred or that could occur in the future, as required by the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), as amended, as well as similar state provisions. In general, an “ownership change” as defined by the Code results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50% of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders or public groups.
 
The Company currently has tax returns open for examination by the Internal Revenue Service for all years since 2010.
 
NOTE 16 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
 
In connection with the pending departure of Mr. Michael L. Peterson as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective May 31, 2018, Mr. Frank C. Ingriselli, the Company’s current Chairman of the Board of Directors and former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, has agreed to assume the executive offices of Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company, effective May 31, 2018, and continue in his role as Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors. 
 
In consideration for Mr. Ingriselli rejoining the Company as its President and Chief Executive Officer, the Company granted Mr. Ingriselli 80,000 shares of restricted Company common stock valued at approximately $26,000, with 60,000 shares vesting on the six month anniversary of June 1, 2018 and 20,000 of the shares on the nine month anniversary of June 1, 2018, subject to his continued service as an employee of or consultant to the Company on such vesting dates.
 
 
F-23
 
 
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
Some of the statements contained in this report discuss future expectations, contain projections of results of operations or financial condition, or state other “forward-looking” information. The words “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “goal” and similar expressions identify such a statement was made, although not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words. These statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the statements. The forward-looking information is based on various factors and is derived using numerous assumptions. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, the risks discussed in this and our other SEC filings. We do not promise to or take any responsibility to update forward-looking information to reflect actual results or changes in assumptions or other factors that could affect those statements except as required by law. Future events and actual results could differ materially from those expressed in, contemplated by, or underlying such forward-looking statements.
 
Forward-looking statements may include statements about our:
 
 ●
business strategy;
●
reserves;
●
technology;
●
cash flows and liquidity;
●
financial strategy, budget, projections and operating results;
●
oil and natural gas realized prices;
●
timing and amount of future production of oil and natural gas;
●
availability of oil field labor;
●
the amount, nature and timing of capital expenditures, including future exploration and development costs;
●
availability and terms of capital;
●
drilling of wells;
●
government regulation and taxation of the oil and natural gas industry;
●
marketing of oil and natural gas;
●
exploitation projects or property acquisitions;
●
costs of exploiting and developing our properties and conducting other operations;
●
general economic conditions;
●
competition in the oil and natural gas industry;
●
effectiveness of our risk management activities;
●
environmental liabilities;
●
counterparty credit risk;
●
developments in oil-producing and natural gas-producing countries;
●
future operating results;
●
future acquisition and debt restructuring transactions; and
●
estimated future reserves and the present value of such reserves; and plans, objectives, expectations and intentions contained in this Quarterly Report that are not historical.
 
All forward-looking statements speak only at the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report. The reader should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by the forward-looking statements we make in this Quarterly Report are reasonable, we provide no assurance that these plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. We disclose important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations under “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 29, 2018. These cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements except as required by law, including the securities laws of the United States and the rules and regulations of the SEC. 
 
 
1
 
 
The following is management’s discussion and analysis of the significant factors that affected the Company’s financial position and results of operations during the periods included in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements. You should read this in conjunction with the discussion under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report.
 
Certain abbreviations and oil and gas industry terms used throughout this Quarterly Report are described and defined in greater detail under “Glossary of Oil And Natural Gas Terms” on page 28 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 29, 2018.
 
Certain capitalized terms used below but not otherwise defined, are defined in, and shall be read along with the meanings given to such terms in, the notes to the unaudited financial statements of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2018, above.
 
Unless the context requires otherwise, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “PEDEVCO” and “PEDEVCO Corp.” refer specifically to PEDEVCO Corp. and its wholly and majority owned subsidiaries.
 
In addition, unless the context otherwise requires and for the purposes of this report only:
 
●
Exchange Act” refers to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;
●
SEC” or the “Commission” refers to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission; and
●
Securities Act” refers to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
 
General Overview
 
We are an energy company engaged primarily in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas shale plays in the Denver-Julesberg Basin (“D-J Basin”) in Colorado, which contains hydrocarbon bearing deposits in several formations, including the Niobrara, Codell, Greenhorn, Shannon, J-Sand, and D-Sand. As of March 31, 2018, we held approximately 9,895 net D-J Basin acres located in Weld County, Colorado through our wholly-owned operating subsidiary, Red Hawk Petroleum, LLC (“Red Hawk”), which asset we refer to as our “D-J Basin Asset.” As of March 31, 2018, we hold interests in 61 gross (17.4 net) wells in our D-J Basin Asset, of which 14 gross (12.5 net) wells are operated by Red Hawk and currently producing, 25 gross (4.9 net) wells are non-operated and 22 wells have an after-payout interest.
 
We have listed below the total production volumes and total revenue net to the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 attributable to our D-J Basin Asset.
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2018
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2017
 
Oil volume (BBL)
  9,472 
  11,926 
Gas volume (MCF)
  17,551 
  18,432 
NGL volume (MCF)
  11,198 
 19,825
Volume equivalent (BOE) (1)
  14,264 
 18,302
Revenue (000’s)
 $644 
 $734 
 
(1) Assumes 6 Mcf of natural gas is equivalent to 1 barrel of oil.
 
 
2
 
 
Strategy
 
We believe that the D-J Basin shale play represents among the most promising unconventional oil and natural gas plays in the U.S. We plan to opportunistically seek additional acreage proximate to our currently held core acreage located in the Wattenberg and Wattenberg Extension areas of Weld County, Colorado. Our strategy is to be the operator, directly or through our subsidiaries and joint ventures, in the majority of our acreage so we can dictate the pace of development in order to execute our business plan. The majority of our capital expenditure budget for the next twenty four months will be focused on the development of our D-J Basin Asset. Our development plan calls for the development of approximately $8.37 million in capital expenditures in order to drill and complete, participate in the drilling and completion of, and/or acquire approximately 2.1 net wells in our D-J Basin Asset in 2018 (with an additional 6.4 net wells to be drilled and completed in 2019 for a combined total 2018-2019 drilling capital budget of $34.85 million). We expect our projected cash flow from operations combined with our existing cash on hand, up to $2.0 million of gross proceeds available from the issuance of our common shares through National Securities Corporation under our current “at the market offering” (of which $1.359 million remains available for issuance, subject to limitation under the SEC’s “Baby Shelf Rules”), and approximately $18.0 million gross available under our current senior debt facility will be sufficient to fund our drilling plans and our operations through 2019, noting that the advancement of all or any portion of the approximately $18.0 million gross available under our current senior debt facility is in the sole and absolute discretion of the senior lenders and no senior lender is obligated to fund all or any part of the requested funding. In addition, we may seek additional funding through asset sales, farm-out arrangements, lines of credit, or public or private debt or equity financings to fund additional 2018-2019 capital expenditures and/or repay or refinance a portion or all of our outstanding debt. If market conditions are not conducive to raising additional funds, the Company may choose to extend the drilling program and associated capital expenditures further into 2020. The availability of additional borrowings under the senior debt facility is subject to the Company providing matching funds for all amounts borrowed, which additional borrowed funds may only be used to fund development costs.
  
Recent Developments
 
Executive Employment Agreement
 
In connection with the pending departure of Mr. Michael L. Peterson as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective May 31, 2018, Mr. Frank C. Ingriselli, the Company’s current Chairman of the Board of Directors and former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, has agreed to assume the executive offices of Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company, effective May 31, 2018, and continue in his role as Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors, as reflected in an Employment Agreement entered into by and between Pacific Energy Development, our wholly-owned subsidiary and Mr. Ingriselli on May 10, 2018 (the “Ingriselli Employment Agreement”).
 
Pursuant to the Ingriselli Employment Agreement, which has an effective date of June 1, 2018, Mr. Ingriselli shall serve as our President and Chief Executive Officer at a current annual base salary of $250,000, and a target annual cash bonus of between 20% and 40% of his base salary, awardable by the Board of Directors in its discretion. The Company also agreed to pay Mr. Ingriselli standard benefits as other executive officers of the Company. In addition, the Ingriselli Employment Agreement includes certain termination and severance provisions which provide for, among other things, severance payment provisions that would require the Company to make lump sum payments equal to 18 months’ salary and target bonus (payable within thirty days after termination) to Mr. Ingriselli in the event his employment is terminated due to his death or disability, terminated without “Cause” or if he voluntarily resigns for “Good Reason” (36 months in connection with a “Change of Control”), and continuation of benefits for up to 36 months (48 months in connection with a “Change of Control”), as such terms are defined in the Ingriselli Employment Agreement.
 
 
3
 
 
For purposes of the Ingriselli Employment Agreement, the term “Cause” means his (1) conviction of, or plea of nolo contendere to, a felony or any other crime involving moral turpitude; (2) fraud on or misappropriation of any funds or property of our company or any of its affiliates, customers or vendors; (3) act of material dishonesty, willful misconduct, willful violation of any law, rule or regulation, or breach of fiduciary duty involving personal profit, in each case made in connection with his responsibilities as an employee, officer or director of our company and which has, or could reasonably be deemed to result in, a Material Adverse Effect upon our company; (4) illegal use or distribution of drugs; (5) material violation of any policy or code of conduct of our company; or (6) material breach of any provision of the employment agreement or any other employment, non-disclosure, non-competition, non-solicitation or other similar agreement executed by him for the benefit of our company or any of its affiliates, all as reasonably determined in good faith by the board of directors of our company. However, an event that is or would constitute “Cause” shall cease to be “Cause” if he reverses the action or cures the default that constitutes “Cause” within 10 days after our company notifies him in writing that Cause exists. No act or failure to act on Mr. Ingriselli’s part will be considered “willful” unless it is done, or omitted to be done, by him in bad faith or without reasonable belief that such action or omission was in the best interests of our company. Any act or failure to act that is based on authority given pursuant to a resolution duly passed by the board of directors, or the advice of counsel to our company, shall be conclusively presumed to be done, or omitted to be done, in good faith and in the best interests of the Company.
 
For purposes of the Ingriselli Employment Agreement, “Material Adverse Effect” means any event, change or effect that is materially adverse to the condition (financial or otherwise), properties, assets, liabilities, business, operations or results of operations of our company or its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
 
For purposes of the Ingriselli Employment Agreement, “Good Reason” means the occurrence of any of the following without his written consent: (a) the assignment to him of duties substantially inconsistent with this employment agreement or a material adverse change in his titles or authority; (b) any failure by our company to comply with the compensation provisions of the agreement in any material way; (c) any material breach of the employment agreement by our company; or (d) the relocation of him by more than fifty (50) miles from the location of our company’s principal office located in Danville, California. However, an event that is or would constitute “Good Reason” shall cease to be “Good Reason” if: (i) he does not terminate employment within 45 days after the event occurs; (ii) before he terminates employment, we reverse the action or cure the default that constitutes “Good Reason” within 10 days after he notifies us in writing that Good Reason exists; or (iii) he was a primary instigator of the “Good Reason” event and the circumstances make it inappropriate for him to receive “Good Reason” termination benefits under the employment agreement (e.g., he agrees temporarily to relinquish his position on the occurrence of a merger transaction he assists in negotiating).
 
For purposes of the Ingriselli Employment Agreement, “Change of Control” means: (i) a merger, consolidation or sale of capital stock by existing holders of capital stock of our company that results in more than 50% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding capital stock of our company or its successor changing ownership; (ii) the sale, or exclusive license, of all or substantially all of our company’s assets; or (iii) the individuals constituting our company’s board of directors as of the date of the employment agreement (the “Incumbent Board of Directors”) cease for any reason to constitute at least 1/2 of the members of the board of directors; provided, however, that if the election, or nomination for election by our stockholders, of any new director was approved by a vote of the Incumbent Board of Directors, such new director shall be considered a member of the Incumbent Board of Directors. Notwithstanding the foregoing and for purposes of clarity, a transaction shall not constitute a Change in Control if: (w) its sole purpose is to change the state of our company’s incorporation; (x) its sole purpose is to create a holding company that will be owned in substantially the same proportions by the persons who held our company’s securities immediately before such transaction; or (y) it is a transaction effected primarily for the purpose of financing our company with cash (as determined by the board of directors in its discretion and without regard to whether such transaction is effectuated by a merger, equity financing or otherwise). 
 
In addition, as additional consideration for Mr. Ingriselli rejoining the Company as its President and Chief Executive Officer, on May 10, 2018, the Company granted Mr. Ingriselli 80,000 shares of restricted Company common stock under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, vesting with respect to 60,000 shares on the six (6) month anniversary of June 1, 2018 and 20,000 of the shares on the nine (9) month anniversary of June 1, 2018, subject to his continued service as an employee of or consultant to the Company on such vesting dates, and subject to the terms and conditions of a Restricted Shares Grant Agreement to be entered into by and between the Company and Mr. Ingriselli.
 
 
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Mr. Ingriselli, age 64, has served as the Chairman of the board of directors since our acquisition of Pacific Energy Development in July 2012, served as our Chief Executive Officer from July 2012 to May 2016 and served as our President from July 2012 to October 2014. Mr. Ingriselli also served as the President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director of Pacific Energy Development since its inception in February 2011 through its July 2012 acquisition by the Company. Mr. Ingriselli began his career at Texaco, Inc. in 1979 and held management positions in Texaco’s Producing-Eastern Hemisphere Department, Middle East/Far East Division, and Texaco’s International Exploration Company. While at Texaco, Mr. Ingriselli negotiated a successful foreign oil development investment contract in China in 1983. In 1992, Mr. Ingriselli was named President of Texaco International Operations Inc. and over the next several years directed Texaco’s global initiatives in exploration and development. In 1996, he was appointed President and CEO of the Timan Pechora Company, a Houston, Texas headquartered company owned by affiliates of Texaco, Exxon, Amoco and Norsk Hydro, which was developing an investment in Russia. In 1998, Mr. Ingriselli returned to Texaco’s Executive Department with responsibilities for Texaco’s power and natural gas operations, merger and acquisition activities, pipeline operations and corporate development. In August 2000, Mr. Ingriselli was appointed President of Texaco Technology Ventures, which was responsible for all of Texaco’s global technology initiatives and investments. In 2001, Mr. Ingriselli retired from Texaco after its merger with Chevron, and founded Global Venture Investments LLC, which we refer to as GVEST, an energy consulting firm, for which Mr. Ingriselli continues to serve as the President and Chief Executive Officer. In February 2016, Mr. Ingriselli founded Blackhawk Energy Ventures Inc., which we refer to as BEV, an energy consulting firm wholly-owned by him for which Mr. Ingriselli currently serves as President and Chief Executive Officer. We believe Mr. Ingriselli’s positions with GVEST and BEV require only an immaterial amount of Mr. Ingriselli’s time and do not conflict with his roles or responsibilities with our company. In 2005, Mr. Ingriselli co-founded Erin Energy Corporation (formerly CAMAC Energy, Inc.) a publicly traded independent energy company headquartered in Houston, Texas, and served as its President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of its board of directors from 2005 to July 2010 and currently serves as Chairman of Erin Energy Corporation after being re-appointed in May 2017.
 
From 2000 to 2006, Mr. Ingriselli sat on the board of directors of the Electric Drive Transportation Association (where he was also Treasurer) and the Angelino Group, and was an officer of several subsidiaries of Energy Conversion Devices Inc., a U.S. public corporation engaged in the development and commercialization of environmental energy technologies. From 2001 to 2006, he was a Director and Officer of General Energy Technologies Inc., a “technology facilitator” to Chinese industry serving the need for advanced energy technology and the demand for low-cost high quality components, and Eletra Ltd, a Brazilian hybrid electric bus developer. Mr. Ingriselli currently sits on the Advisory Board of Trustees of the Eurasia Foundation, a Washington D.C.-based non-profit that funds programs that build democratic and free market institutions in the new independent states of the former Soviet Union, and since May 2015, as a non-executive director and Chairman of the Board of Caspian Energy Inc., an oil and gas exploration company operating in Kazakhstan.
 
Mr. Ingriselli graduated from Boston University in 1975 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration. He also earned a Master of Business Administration degree from New York University in both Finance and International Finance in 1977 and a Juris Doctor degree from Fordham University School of Law in 1979.
 
Consulting Agreement and Separation Agreement
 
In connection with Mr. Michael L. Peterson’s pending May 31, 2018 departure as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer to assume the position to assume the position of President of the Taiwan Mission of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Taipei, Taiwan, the Company and Mr. Peterson have entered into a standard Employee Separation and Release (the “Separation Agreement”), pursuant to which Mr. Peterson agreed to fully-release the Company from all claims, in exchange for the Company agreeing to make a lump sum payment of $20,000 upon effectiveness of the Separation Agreement. In addition, in order to assist in the transition of his executive duties to Mr. Ingriselli, and to continue to support the Company’s ongoing efforts to restructure its debt prior to its maturity in the second quarter of 2019, Mr. Peterson has agreed to continue to work with the Company in a consulting capacity for a period of twelve (12) months commencing June 1, 2018 (the “Consulting Term”, which is renewable thereafter for additional one month terms pursuant to the terms of the agreement) pursuant to an Independent Contractor Agreement dated May 10, 2018 entered into by and between the Company and Mr. Peterson (the “Peterson Consulting Agreement”).   Pursuant to the Peterson Consulting Agreement, Mr. Peterson shall provide the Company with executive transition, debt restructuring, strategic planning and capital markets support and services through the Consulting Term in exchange for a monthly fee of $5,000. The Peterson Consulting Agreement is terminable by the Company at any time for “Cause”, as similarly defined under the Ingriselli Employment Agreement as described above.
 
 
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Critical Accounting Policies
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We believe there have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies as discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. 
 
Results of Operations and Financial Condition
 
All of the numbers presented below are rounded numbers and should be considered as approximate. 
 
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 with the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
 
Oil and Gas Revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, we generated a total of $644,000 in revenues from the sale of oil and gas, compared to $734,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The decrease of $90,000 was primarily due to a decline in production volume from our oil and gas assets. This volume decline was a result of a natural decline in well production and periodic wells being shut-in for well workovers for the purpose of improving future production.  
 
Lease Operating Expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, lease operating expenses associated with our oil and gas properties were $312,000, compared to $330,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The decrease of $18,000 was primarily due to the lower volume offset by workover expenses incurred in the current period.
 
Exploration Expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, exploration expense was $10,000 compared to $-0- for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase was due to minimal exploration activity undertaken by the Company in the current period compared to no exploration activity in the prior period.
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses were $738,000, compared to $800,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The decrease of $62,000 was primarily due to lower stock-based compensation expense in the current period, as well as other minor cost changes in various areas as shown in the table below. The components of SG&A expenses are summarized below (amounts in thousands):
 
 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ended March 31,
 
 
Increase/
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
(Decrease)
 
Payroll and related costs
 $277 
 $281 
 $(4)
Stock-based compensation expense
  183 
  276 
  (93)
Legal fees
  19 
  24 
  (5)
Accounting and other professional fees
  109 
  108 
  1 
Insurance
  26 
  27 
  (1)
Travel and entertainment
  4 
  1 
  3 
Bad debt expense (recovery)
  - 
  (25)
  25 
Office rent, communications and other
  120 
  108 
  12 
Total selling, general and administrative expense
 $738 
 $800 
 $(62)
 
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization and Accretion (“DD&A”). For the three months ended March 31, 2018, DD&A costs were $582,000, compared to $680,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The $98,000 decrease was primarily due to lower production volume compared to the prior year’s period.
 
 
6
 
 
Other Income (Expense). For the three months ended March 31, 2018, interest expense was $3,236,000, compared to $3,096,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to the higher capitalized loan balances resulting in an increase in interest expense during the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the prior year’s period.
 
Net Loss. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net loss was $4,234,000, compared to net loss of $4,172,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase in net loss of $62,000 was primarily due to the higher interest expense during the current period.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
We expect to incur substantial expenses and generate significant operating losses as we continue to explore for and develop our oil and natural gas prospects, and as we opportunistically invest in additional oil and natural gas properties, develop our discoveries which we determine to be commercially viable and incur expenses related to operating as a public company and compliance with regulatory requirements.
 
Our future financial condition and liquidity will be impacted by, among other factors, the success of our exploration and appraisal drilling program, the number of commercially viable oil and natural gas discoveries made and the quantities of oil and natural gas discovered, the speed with which we can bring such discoveries to production, and the actual cost of exploration, appraisal and development of our prospects.
 
Our current liquidity uses and debt service requirements are managed under the terms of our senior debt facility whereby we are subject to a cash sweep of our net revenues after operating costs. The debt service arrangement provides for budgeted general and administrative cost allowance of $150,000 each month which we believe is sufficient to meet our foreseeable recurring costs.  Such financing arrangement is sufficient to manage recurring cash requirements but provides no additional funds for extraordinary items, execution of our capital expenditure program or the repayment of outstanding debt obligations other than our senior debt facility.  Any equity funds we are able to raise through offerings are not subject to the cash sweep and are not subject to payment to or approval by the senior lenders. 
 
Subject to the availability of the additional funding, which is not currently in place and requires approval of our senior lenders in the event of a debt offering, we plan to make capital expenditures, excluding capitalized interest and general and administrative expense, of up to approximately $8.37 million during the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 in order to achieve our plans (with an additional 6.4 net wells to be drilled and completed in 2019 for a combined total 2018-2019 drilling capital budget of $34.85 million). We expect our projected cash flow from operations combined with our existing cash on hand, up to $2.0 million of gross proceeds available from the issuance of our common shares through NSC under our current “at the market offering” (of which $1.359 million remains available for issuance, subject to limitation under the SEC’s “Baby Shelf Rules”), and the approximately $18.0 million available under our current senior debt facility will be sufficient to fund our drilling plans and our operations through 2019, noting that the advancement of all or any portion of the approximately $18.0 million gross available under our current senior debt facility is in the sole and absolute discretion of the senior lenders and no senior lender is obligated to fund all or any part of the requested funding.  In addition, we may seek additional funding through asset sales, farm-out arrangements, lines of credit, or public or private debt or equity financings to fund additional 2018-2019 capital expenditures and/or repay or refinance a portion or all of our outstanding debt.
 
Our capital budget may be adjusted as business conditions warrant. The amount, timing and allocation of capital expenditures are largely discretionary and within our control. If oil and natural gas prices continue to decline or fail to improve or costs increase significantly, we could defer a significant portion of our budgeted capital expenditures until later periods to prioritize capital projects that we believe have the highest expected returns and potential to generate near-term cash flows. We routinely monitor and adjust our capital expenditures in response to changes in prices, availability of financing, drilling and acquisition costs, industry conditions, timing of regulatory approvals, availability of rigs, success or lack of success in drilling activities, contractual obligations, internally generated cash flows and other factors both within and outside our control.
 
 
7
 
 
As of March 31, 2018, the Company had a working capital deficit of $2.3 million. We plan to manage this working capital deficit through the use of our existing cash resources and collections of accounts receivable as well as by managing payment terms with vendors, as necessary. This deficit includes revenue held in suspense, unpaid vacation compensation, estimated ad valorem taxes due in 2019, PIK interest, principal and other payables that will not require payment over the next 12 months, and we believe that liabilities due within the next 12 months should be covered by our $1.4 million in current assets.
 
We acknowledge that adequate funds may not be available when needed or may not be available on favorable terms. If we need to raise funds in the future by issuing equity securities, dilution to existing shareholders will result, and such securities may have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of our common stock. If funding is insufficient at any time in the future and we are unable to generate sufficient revenue from new business arrangements, to complete planned acquisitions or operations, our results of operations and the value of our securities could be adversely affected and we may be required to wind-down operations or declare bankruptcy. 
 
Financial Summary
 
We had total current assets of $1.4 million as of March 31, 2018, including cash of $0.9 million, compared to total current assets of $1.4 million as of December 31, 2017, including a cash balance of $0.9 million.
 
We had total assets of $35.8 million as of March 31, 2018 compared to $36.4 million as of December 31, 2017. Included in total assets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, were $34.4 million and $34.9 million, respectively, of proved oil and gas properties subject to amortization and $-0- and $-0-, respectively, of unproved oil and gas properties not subject to amortization.
 
We had total liabilities of $77.0 million as of March 31, 2018, including current liabilities of $3.7 million, compared to total liabilities of $73.5 million as of December 31, 2017, including current liabilities of $3.4 million.
 
We had negative working capital of $2.3 million, a total shareholders’ deficit of $41.2 million and a total accumulated deficit of $142.3 million as of March 31, 2018, compared to negative working capital of $2.0 million, total shareholders’ deficit of $37.1 million and a total accumulated deficit of $138.1 million as of December 31, 2017.
 
See also the description of the Company’s accounts receivable (Note 6), Notes Payable (Note 8), and related party transactions (Note 12), as described in the footnotes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1, of this report, which are incorporated herein by reference, for more details regarding the Company’s balance sheet line items.
 
Cash Flows From Operating Activities. We had net cash used in operating activities of $41,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, which was a decrease in cash used of $35,000 compared to the prior year’s period of $76,000. This decrease was primarily due to higher accrued expenses during the current period compared to the prior period.
 
Cash Flows From Investing Activities. We had no net cash used by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017.  
 
Cash Flows From Financing Activities. We had no net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared to net cash used of $24,000 for the prior year’s period (consisting solely of repayment of notes payable).
 
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements. 
 
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, a new lease standard requiring lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for most leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company will be required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company has evaluated the adoption of the standard and, due to there being only one operating lease currently in place, there will be minimal impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.
 
 
8
 
 
In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (Topic 718). The FASB issued this update to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments and affect all organizations that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. Several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions are simplified, including: (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification on the statement of cash flows. The updated guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the update is permitted. The Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2017. There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.
 
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The new standard will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case it would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.
  
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)”, requiring that the statement of cash flows explain the change in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The provisions of this guidance are to be applied using a retrospective approach which requires application of the guidance for all periods presented. There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.
 
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Pursuant to Item 305(e) of Regulation S-K (§ 229.305(e)), the Company is not required to provide the information required by this Item as it is a “smaller reporting company,” as defined by Rule 229.10(f)(1).
 
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, as appropriate, in order to allow timely decisions in connection with required disclosure.
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded as of March 31, 2018, that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2018, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
 
9
 
 
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
Although we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we are not currently a party to any material legal proceeding. In addition, we are not aware of any material legal or governmental proceedings against us, or contemplated to be brought against us.
 
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
 
There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the Commission on March 28, 2018, and investors are encouraged to review such risk factors in the Form 10-K, prior to making an investment in the Company.
 
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
None.
 
Use of Proceeds From Sale of Registered Securities
 
Our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Reg. No. 333-214415) in connection with the potential sale by us of up to $100 million in securities (common stock, preferred stock, warrants and units), subject to limitations under the SEC's “Baby Shelf Rules”, was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 17, 2017.
 
On September 29, 2016, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with National Securities Corporation (“NSC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of National Holdings Corporation (NasdaqCM:NHLD), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell shares of its common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $2,000,000 (the “Shares”) from time to time, as the Company deems prudent, through NSC (the “Offering”) (of which $1.359 million remains available for issuance, subject to limitation under the SEC’s “Baby Shelf Rules”). Upon delivery of a placement notice and subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, NSC may sell the Shares by methods deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act.
 
With the Company’s prior written approval, NSC may also sell the Shares by any other method permitted by law, including in negotiated transactions. The Company may elect not to issue and sell any additional Shares in the Offering and the Company or NSC may suspend or terminate the offering of Shares upon notice to the other party and subject to other conditions. NSC will act as sales agent on a commercially reasonable efforts basis consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal law, rules and regulations and the rules of the NYSE American.
 
The Company has agreed to pay NSC commissions for its services in acting as agent in the sale of the Shares in the amount equal to 3.0% of the gross sales price of all Shares sold pursuant to the Agreement. The Company also paid various expenses in connection with the offering, including reimbursing $30,000 of NSC’s legal fees, which was paid. The Company has also agreed to provide NSC with customary indemnification and contribution rights.
 
The Company has used and intends to use the net proceeds from the offering to fund development and for working capital and general corporate purposes, including general and administrative purposes. The Company is not obligated to make any additional sales of common stock under the Sales Agreement, and no assurance can be given that the Company will sell any additional shares under the Sales Agreement, or, if it does, as to the price or amount of Shares that it will sell, or the dates on which any such sales will take place.
 
 The Company has filed a final prospectus in connection with such offering with the SEC (as part of the Form S-3 registration statement).
 
 
10
 
 
During the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company made no sales of common stock under the Sales Agreement and the prospectus associated therewith.
 
No payments for our expenses will be made in connection with the offering described above directly or indirectly to (i) any of our directors, officers or their associates, (ii) any person(s) owning 10% or more of any class of our equity securities or (iii) any of our affiliates. We plan to use the net proceeds from the offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b).
 
There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our offering as described in our final prospectuses filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b). 
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
None.
 
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
None.
 
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 
Not Applicable.
 
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
 
None.
 
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
 
See the Exhibit Index following the signature page to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a list of exhibits filed or furnished with this report, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
11
 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
PEDEVCO Corp.
 
 
 
 
 
 
May 10, 2018
By:
/s/ Michael L. Peterson
 
 
 
Michael L. Peterson
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
PEDEVCO Corp.
 
 
 
 
 
 
May 10, 2018
By:
/s/ Gregory L. Overholtzer
 
 
 
Gregory L. Overholtzer
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12
 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
 
 
 
 
Incorporated By Reference
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
Form
 
Exhibit
 
Filing Date/Period End Date
 
File Number
10.1
 
Employment Agreement, dated May 10, 2018, by and between Frank C. Ingriselli and Pacific Energy Development Corp.
 
8-K
 
10.1
 
May 10, 2018
 
001-35922
10.2
 
Employee Separation and Release, dated May 10, 2018, by and between Michael L. Peterson and PEDEVCO Corp.
 
8-K
 
10.2
 
May 10, 2018
 
001-35922
10.3
 
Independent Contractor Agreement, dated May 10, 2018, by and between Michael L. Peterson and PEDEVCO Corp.
 
8-K
 
10.3
 
May 10, 2018
 
001-35922
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.INS*
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.SCH*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.CAL*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.DEF*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.LAB*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.PRE*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
 
 
13
 EX-31.1 2 ped_ex311.htm CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) CERTIFICATIONS SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLY ACT OF 2002 Blueprint
 
EXHIBIT 31.1
 
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
 
I, Michael L. Peterson, certify that:
 
 
1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PEDEVCO Corp.;
 
 
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
 
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
 
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report my conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
 
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
 
a.
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
 
b.
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
May 10, 2018
By:
/s/ Michael L. Peterson
 
 
 
 Michael L. Peterson
 
 
 
 Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 (Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
 EX-31.2 3 ped_ex312.htm CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) CERTIFICATIONS SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLY ACT OF 2002 Blueprint
 
EXHIBIT 31.2
 
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING OFFICER
 
I, Gregory L. Overholtzer, certify that:
 
 
1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PEDEVCO Corp.;
 
 
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
 
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
 
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report my conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
 
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
 
a.
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
 
b.
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.
 
 
 
 
 
May 10, 2018
By:
/s/ Gregory L. Overholtzer
 
 
 
Gregory L. Overholtzer
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
                                                                                                                                                              
 
 
 EX-32.1 4 ped_ex321.htm CERTIFICATE PURSUANT TO SECTION 18 U.S.C. PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Blueprint
 
 EXHIBIT 32.1
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of PEDEVCO Corp. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael L. Peterson, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
 
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
 
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
May 10, 2018
By:
/s/ Michael L. Peterson
 
 
 
Michael L. Peterson
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 (Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
The foregoing certification is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
 
 
 EX-32.2 5 ped_ex322.htm CERTIFICATE PURSUANT TO SECTION 18 U.S.C. PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Blueprint
 
EXHIBIT 32.2
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of PEDEVCO Corp., Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Gregory L. Overholtzer, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
 
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
 
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
May 10, 2018
By:
/s/ Gregory L. Overholtzer
 
 
 
Gregory L. Overholtzer
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
 
The foregoing certification is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
 
 
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Notes to the financial statements that would substantially duplicate disclosures contained in the audited financial statements for the most recent fiscal year, as reported in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2018, have been omitted.</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. 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The Company&#8217;s principal operating properties are located in the Wattenberg, Wattenberg Extension, and Niobrara formation in the Denver-Julesburg Basin (the &#8220;D-J Basin&#8221; and the &#8220;D-J Basin Asset&#8221;) in Weld County, Colorado, all of which properties are owned by the Company through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Red Hawk Petroleum, LLC (&#8220;Red Hawk&#8221;).</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Company plans to focus on the development of shale oil and gas assets held by the Company in its D-J Basin Asset.</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Company plans to seek additional shale oil and gas and conventional oil and gas asset acquisition opportunities in the U.S. utilizing its strategic relationships and technologies that may provide the Company a competitive advantage in accessing and exploring such assets. 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The Company believes that, in the event that its primary customers are unable or unwilling to continue to purchase the Company&#8217;s production, there are a substantial number of alternative buyers for its production at comparable prices.</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b>Accounts Receivable.&#160;</b>Accounts receivable typically consist of oil and gas receivables. The Company has classified these as short-term assets in the balance sheet because the Company expects repayment or recovery within the next 12 months. The Company evaluates these accounts receivable for collectability considering the results of operations of these related entities and, when necessary, records allowances for expected unrecoverable amounts. To date, no allowances have been recorded. 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Though the Company&#8217;s bad debts have not historically been significant, the Company could experience increased bad debt expense should a financial downturn occur.&#160;</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b>Equipment.&#160;</b>Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Renewals and betterments which extend the life or improve existing equipment are capitalized. Upon disposition or retirement of equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. 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Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated quantities of crude oil and natural gas which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, (i.e., prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made). Prices include consideration of changes in existing prices provided only by contractual arrangements, but not on escalations based upon future conditions.&#160;</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Exploratory wells in areas not requiring major capital expenditures are evaluated for economic viability within one year of completion of drilling. The related well costs are expensed as dry holes if it is determined that such economic viability is not attained. Otherwise, the related well costs are reclassified to oil and gas properties and subject to impairment review. For exploratory wells that are found to have economically viable reserves in areas where major capital expenditure will be required before production can commence, the related well costs remain capitalized only if additional drilling is under way or firmly planned. Otherwise the related well costs are expensed as dry holes.</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Exploration and evaluation expenditures incurred subsequent to the acquisition of an exploration asset in a business combination are accounted for in accordance with the policy outlined above.</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p> <p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Depreciation, depletion and amortization of capitalized oil and gas properties is calculated on a field by field basis using the unit of production method. 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Document and Entity Information - shares
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
May 09, 2018
Document And Entity Information    
Entity Registrant Name PEDEVCO CORP  
Entity Central Index Key 0001141197  
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Period End Date Mar. 31, 2018  
Amendment Flag false  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Is Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer? No  
Is Entity a Voluntary Filer? No  
Is Entity's Reporting Status Current? Yes  
Entity Filer Category Smaller Reporting Company  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   7,278,754
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q1  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2018  
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:    
Cash $ 876 $ 917
Accounts receivable - oil and gas 351 301
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 160 176
Total current assets 1,387 1,394
Oil and gas properties:    
Oil and gas properties, subject to amortization, net 34,359 34,922
Oil and gas properties, not subject to amortization, net 0 0
Total oil and gas properties, net 34,359 34,922
Other assets 85 85
Total assets 35,831 36,401
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable 350 101
Accrued expenses 2,219 2,126
Revenue payable 578 557
Convertible notes payable – Bridge Notes, net of premiums of $113,000 and $113,000, respectively 588 588
Total current liabilities 3,735 3,372
Long-term liabilities:    
Accrued expenses 1,677 1,462
Accrued expenses – related party 1,994 1,733
Notes payable – Secured Promissory Notes, net of debt discount of $2,120,000 and $2,603,000, respectively 35,821 34,159
Notes payable – Secured Promissory Notes – related party, net of debt discount of $919,000 and $1,148,000 respectively 16,543 15,930
Notes payable - Subordinated - related party 11,831 11,483
Notes payable - other 4,925 4,925
Asset retirement obligations 496 477
Total liabilities 77,022 73,541
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders’ deficit:    
Series A convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 66,625 and 66,625 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 0 0
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 7,278,754 and 7,278,754 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 7 7
Additional paid-in-capital 101,137 100,954
Accumulated deficit (142,335) (138,101)
Total shareholders’ deficit (41,191) (37,140)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ deficit $ 35,831 $ 36,401
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
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Notes payable - Secured Promissory Notes, net of debt discount 2,120 2,603
Notes payable - Secured Promissory Notes - related party, net of debt discount $ 919 $ 1,148
Stockholders' equity:    
Series A convertible preferred stock, par value $ 0.001 $ 0.001
Series A convertible preferred stock, shares authorized 100,000,000 100,000,000
Series A convertible preferred stock, shares issued 66,625 66,625
Series A convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding 66,625 66,625
Common stock, par value $ 0.001 $ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized 200,000,000 200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued 7,278,754 7,278,754
Common stock, shares outstanding 7,278,754 7,278,754
XML 15 R4.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Revenue:    
Oil and gas sales $ 644 $ 734
Operating expenses:    
Lease operating costs 312 330
Exploration expense 10 0
Selling, general and administrative expense 738 800
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion 582 680
Total operating expenses 1,642 1,810
Operating loss (998) (1,076)
Other income (expense):    
Interest expense (3,236) (3,096)
Total other expense (3,236) (3,096)
Net loss $ (4,234) $ (4,172)
Net loss per common share:    
Basic and diluted $ (0.58) $ (0.76)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:    
Basic and diluted 7,278,754 5,493,112
XML 16 R5.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:    
Net loss $ (4,234) $ (4,172)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:    
Stock-based compensation expense 183 276
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 582 680
Interest expense deferred and capitalized in debt restructuring 1,911 1,652
Amortization of debt discount 712 831
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Accounts receivable - oil and gas (50) 56
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 16 (12)
Accounts payable 249 256
Accrued expenses 308 100
Accrued expenses - related parties 261 260
Revenue payable 21 (3)
Net cash used in operating activities (41) (76)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:    
Repayment of notes payable 0 (24)
Net cash used in financing activities 0 (24)
Net decrease in cash (41) (100)
Cash at beginning of period 917 659
Cash at end of period 876 559
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information    
Cash paid for: Interest 0 0
Cash paid for: Income Taxes $ 0 $ 0
XML 17 R6.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of PEDEVCO CORP. (“PEDEVCO” or the “Company”), have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto contained in PEDEVCO’s latest Annual Report filed with the SEC on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been reflected herein. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Notes to the financial statements that would substantially duplicate disclosures contained in the audited financial statements for the most recent fiscal year, as reported in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2018, have been omitted.

 

The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
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2. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

PEDEVCO’s primary business plan is engaging in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas shale plays in the United States, with a secondary focus on conventional oil and natural gas plays. The Company’s principal operating properties are located in the Wattenberg, Wattenberg Extension, and Niobrara formation in the Denver-Julesburg Basin (the “D-J Basin” and the “D-J Basin Asset”) in Weld County, Colorado, all of which properties are owned by the Company through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Red Hawk Petroleum, LLC (“Red Hawk”).

 

The Company plans to focus on the development of shale oil and gas assets held by the Company in its D-J Basin Asset.

 

The Company plans to seek additional shale oil and gas and conventional oil and gas asset acquisition opportunities in the U.S. utilizing its strategic relationships and technologies that may provide the Company a competitive advantage in accessing and exploring such assets. Some or all of these assets may be acquired by existing subsidiaries or other entities that may be formed at a future date.
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3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation.  The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and those of its wholly and partially-owned subsidiaries as follows: (i) Blast AFJ, Inc., a Delaware corporation; (ii) Pacific Energy Development Corp. (“PEDCO”), a Nevada corporation; (iii) Pacific Energy & Rare Earth Limited, a Hong Kong company (dissolved on August 11, 2017); (iv) Blackhawk Energy Limited, a British Virgin Islands company (which is currently in the process of being dissolved); (v) White Hawk Petroleum, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (dissolved on November 30, 2016); (vi) Red Hawk Petroleum, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company; (vii) Pacific Energy Development MSL, LLC (owned 50% by the Company) (dissolved in September 2016) and is included in our consolidated results for the periods prior to its dissolution (“PEDCO MSL”); (viii) PEDEVCO Acquisition Subsidiary, Inc., a Texas corporation which was formed on May 21, 2015 in connection with the planned reorganization transaction with Dome Energy, Inc. (“Dome Energy”), which was subsequently terminated (dissolved in April 2016); and (ix) White Hawk Energy, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, formed on January 4, 2016 in connection with the contemplated reorganization transaction with GOM Holdings, LLC (“GOM”), which reorganization transaction has since been terminated (dissolved in March 2018). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.  

 

Use of Estimates in Financial Statement Preparation. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as certain financial statement disclosures. While management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates generally include those with respect to the amount of recoverable oil and gas reserves, the fair value of financial instruments, oil and gas depletion, asset retirement obligations, and stock-based compensation.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, cash equivalents consisted of money market funds and cash on deposit.

 

Concentrations of Credit Risk. Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk include cash deposits placed with financial institutions. The Company maintains its cash in bank accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits as guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). At March 31, 2018, approximately $618,000 of the Company’s cash balances were uninsured. The Company has not experienced any losses on such accounts.

 

Sales to one customer comprised 55% of the Company’s total oil and gas revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Sales to one customer comprised 63% of the Company’s total oil and gas revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The Company believes that, in the event that its primary customers are unable or unwilling to continue to purchase the Company’s production, there are a substantial number of alternative buyers for its production at comparable prices.

 

Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable typically consist of oil and gas receivables. The Company has classified these as short-term assets in the balance sheet because the Company expects repayment or recovery within the next 12 months. The Company evaluates these accounts receivable for collectability considering the results of operations of these related entities and, when necessary, records allowances for expected unrecoverable amounts. To date, no allowances have been recorded. Included in accounts receivable - oil and gas is $4,000 related to receivables from joint interest owners.

 

Bad Debt Expense. The Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivables is critical to its operating performance and cash flows. Accounts receivable are stated at an amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. The Company extends credit in the normal course of business. The Company regularly reviews outstanding receivables and when the Company determines that a party may not be able to make required payments, a charge to bad debt expense in the period of determination is made. Though the Company’s bad debts have not historically been significant, the Company could experience increased bad debt expense should a financial downturn occur. 

 

Equipment. Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Renewals and betterments which extend the life or improve existing equipment are capitalized. Upon disposition or retirement of equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are 3 to 10 years.

 

Oil and Gas Properties, Successful Efforts Method. The successful efforts method of accounting is used for oil and gas exploration and production activities. Under this method, all costs for development wells, support equipment and facilities, and proved mineral interests in oil and gas properties are capitalized. Geological and geophysical costs are expensed when incurred. Costs of exploratory wells are capitalized as exploration and evaluation assets pending determination of whether the wells find proved oil and gas reserves. Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated quantities of crude oil and natural gas which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, (i.e., prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made). Prices include consideration of changes in existing prices provided only by contractual arrangements, but not on escalations based upon future conditions. 

 

Exploratory wells in areas not requiring major capital expenditures are evaluated for economic viability within one year of completion of drilling. The related well costs are expensed as dry holes if it is determined that such economic viability is not attained. Otherwise, the related well costs are reclassified to oil and gas properties and subject to impairment review. For exploratory wells that are found to have economically viable reserves in areas where major capital expenditure will be required before production can commence, the related well costs remain capitalized only if additional drilling is under way or firmly planned. Otherwise the related well costs are expensed as dry holes.

 

Exploration and evaluation expenditures incurred subsequent to the acquisition of an exploration asset in a business combination are accounted for in accordance with the policy outlined above.

 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization of capitalized oil and gas properties is calculated on a field by field basis using the unit of production method. Lease acquisition costs are amortized over the total estimated proved developed and undeveloped reserves and all other capitalized costs are amortized over proved developed reserves.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value.

 

Asset Retirement Obligations. If a reasonable estimate of the fair value of an obligation to perform site reclamation, dismantle facilities or plug and abandon wells can be made, the Company will record a liability (an asset retirement obligation or “ARO”) on its consolidated balance sheet and capitalize the present value of the asset retirement cost in oil and gas properties in the period in which the retirement obligation is incurred. In general, the amount of an ARO and the costs capitalized will be equal to the estimated future cost to satisfy the abandonment obligation assuming the normal operation of the asset, using current prices that are escalated by an assumed inflation factor up to the estimated settlement date, which is then discounted back to the date that the abandonment obligation was incurred using an assumed cost of funds for the Company. After recording these amounts, the ARO will be accreted to its future estimated value using the same assumed cost of funds and the capitalized costs are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis over the estimated proved developed reserves. Both the accretion and the depreciation will be included in depreciation, depletion and amortization expense on our consolidated statements of operations.

 

The following table describes changes in our asset retirement obligations during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): 

 

    2018     2017  
Asset retirement obligations at January 1   $ 477     $ 246  
Accretion expense     19       22  
Obligations incurred for acquisition     -       -  
Changes in estimates     -       -  
Asset retirement obligations at March 31   $ 496     $ 268  

 

Revenue Recognition. ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, supersedes the revenue recognition requirements and industry-specific guidance under Revenue Recognition (Topic 605). Topic 606 requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted Topic 606 on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Under the modified retrospective method, prior period financial positions and results will not be adjusted. The cumulative effect adjustment recognized in the opening balances included no significant changes as a result of this adoption. While the Company does not expect 2018 net earnings to be materially impacted by revenue recognition timing changes, Topic 606 requires certain changes to the presentation of revenues and related expenses beginning January 1, 2018. Refer to Note 5 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers for additional information.

 

The Company’s revenue is comprised entirely of revenue from exploration and production activities. The Company’s oil is sold primarily to marketers, gatherers, and refiners. Natural gas is sold primarily to interstate and intrastate natural-gas pipelines, direct end-users, industrial users, local distribution companies, and natural-gas marketers. NGLs are sold primarily to direct end-users, refiners, and marketers. Payment is generally received from the customer in the month following delivery.

 

Contracts with customers have varying terms, including month-to-month contracts, and contracts with a finite term. The Company recognizes sales revenues for oil, natural gas, and NGLs based on the amount of each product sold to a customer when control transfers to the customer. Generally, control transfers at the time of delivery to the customer at a pipeline interconnect, the tailgate of a processing facility, or as a tanker lifting is completed. Revenue is measured based on the contract price, which may be index-based or fixed, and may include adjustments for market differentials and downstream costs incurred by the customer, including gathering, transportation, and fuel costs.

 

Revenues are recognized for the sale of the Company’s net share of production volumes. Sales on behalf of other working interest owners and royalty interest owners are not recognized as revenues.

 

Income Taxes. The Company utilizes the asset and liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards and for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that the value of such assets will be realized.

 

Stock-Based Compensation. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of employee stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fair value of our share-based compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fair value, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stock-based payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances.

 

The Company estimates volatility by considering the historical stock volatility. The Company has opted to use the simplified method for estimating expected term, which is generally equal to the midpoint between the vesting period and the contractual term.

 

Loss per Common Share. Basic loss per common share equals net loss divided by weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share includes the impact on dilution from all contingently issuable shares, including options, warrants and convertible securities. The common stock equivalents from contingent shares are determined by the treasury stock method. The Company incurred net losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and therefore, basic and diluted loss per share for those periods are the same as all potential common equivalent shares would be anti-dilutive. The Company excluded 500,727 and 406,608 potentially issuable shares of common stock related to options, 1,231,373 and 1,248,036 potentially issuable shares of common stock related to warrants and 153,379 and 141,980 potentially issuable shares of common stock related to the conversion of Bridge Notes due to their anti-dilutive effect for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The Company follows Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), which clarifies fair value as an exit price, establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework for measuring fair value, and requires extended disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of ASC 820 apply to all financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

 

As defined in ASC 820, fair value, clarified as an exit price, represents the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a result, fair value is a market-based approach that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability.

 

As a basis for considering these assumptions, ASC 820 defines a three-tier value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value. 

 

  Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
  Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
  Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

 

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.  In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, a new lease standard requiring lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for most leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company will be required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company has evaluated the adoption of the standard and, due to there being only one operating lease currently in place, there will be minimal impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (Topic 718). The FASB issued this update to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments and affect all organizations that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. Several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions are simplified, including: (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification on the statement of cash flows. The updated guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the update is permitted.   The Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2017. There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The new standard will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case it would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable.   There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)”, requiring that the statement of cash flows explain the change in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The provisions of this guidance are to be applied using a retrospective approach which requires application of the guidance for all periods presented.  There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

 

The Company does not expect the adoption of any recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a significant impact on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

Subsequent Events. The Company has evaluated all transactions through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued for subsequent event disclosure consideration.

 
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4. GOING CONCERN
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Going Concern  
GOING CONCERN

Although the Company’s senior Tranche A Notes (as defined and discussed below under “Note 9 – Notes Payable – 2016 Senior Note Restructuring”) do not mature until May 11, 2019 and all of the Company’s other debt expressly subordinated thereto due, June 11, 2019, at the earliest, with no amounts due or owing under such subordinated debt until such date, with the exception of the New MIEJ Note (as defined and discussed below under “Note 9 – Notes Payable – MIE Jurassic Energy Corporation”), which matures on March 8, 2019 and with interest accruing thru March 8, 2018 being payable on such date, the realization of the Company’s assets and satisfaction of its liabilities remains contingent on the completion of a future financing. The Company anticipates that it will need approximately $18 million in 2018 to execute its current business plan and is currently actively negotiating the necessary financing.  In the event that the Company is unable to complete the financing currently under consideration, and is otherwise unable to replace such financing on a timely basis, it would materially affect the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.  If such financing is not completed, among other things, the Company expects that it would incur additional impairment of its oil and gas properties of up to $29 million and the Company’s ability to meet its obligations from existing cash flows would be significantly affected. If the Company would be required to seek financing from other sources, such financings may not be available or, if available, may not be on terms acceptable to the Company or its existing lenders. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability of assets or classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise capital to meet its debt obligations, working capital needs, and develop its oil and gas properties to attain profitable operations. Management has concluded that there is substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date of these financial statements are issued.

 
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5. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Revenue From Contracts With Customers  
REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Change in Accounting Policy. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Refer to Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.

 

Exploration and Production. There were no significant changes to the timing or valuation of revenue recognized for sales of production from exploration and production activities.

 

Disaggregation of Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The following table disaggregates revenue by significant product type for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (in thousands):

 

Oil sales   $ 549  
Natural gas sales     49  
Natural gas liquids sales     46  
Total revenue from customers   $ 644  

 

There were no significant contract liabilities or transaction price allocations to any remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2017 or March 31, 2018.

 
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6. OIL AND GAS PROPERTIES
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Oil and Gas Property [Abstract]  
OIL AND GAS PROPERTIES

The following table summarizes the Company’s oil and gas activities by classification for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (in thousands):

 

   

Balance at

December 31,

                      

Balance at

March 31,

  
    2017     Additions     Disposals     Transfers     2018  
Oil and gas properties, subject to amortization   $ 68,306     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 68,306  
Oil and gas properties, not subject to amortization     -       -       -       -       -  
Asset retirement costs     260       -       -       -       260  
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and impairment     (33,644 )     (563 )     -       -       (34,207 )
Total oil and gas assets   $ 34,922     $ (563 )   $ -     $ -     $ 34,359  

 

The depletion recorded for production on proved properties for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, amounted to $563,000 and $658,000, respectively.

 
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7. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Receivables [Abstract]  
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

On November 19, 2015, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement with certain parties including Dome Energy, pursuant to which Dome Energy agreed to acquire the Company’s interests in eight wells and fully fund the Company’s proportionate share of all the corresponding working interest owner expenses with respect to these eight wells. The Company assigned its interests in these wells to Dome Energy effective November 18, 2015, and Dome Energy assumed all amounts owed for the drilling and completion costs corresponding to these interests acquired from the Company. As part of this transaction, Dome Energy also agreed to pay an additional $250,000 to the Company in the event the anticipated merger was not consummated. In connection with the assignment of these well interests, Dome Energy issued a contingent promissory note to the Company, dated November 19, 2015 (the “Dome Promissory Note”), with a principal amount of $250,000, which was due to mature on December 29, 2015, upon the termination of the anticipated merger with Dome Energy. To guarantee payment of the Dome Promissory Note, Dome Energy deposited $250,000 into an escrow account. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company collected this receivable of $250,000 in full satisfaction of the Dome Promissory Note.

 

On March 24, 2015, Red Hawk and Dome Energy entered into a Service Agreement, pursuant to which Red Hawk agreed to provide certain human resource and accounting services to Dome Energy, of which $156,000 remained due and payable by Dome Energy to Red Hawk as of December 31, 2015. On March 29, 2016, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement with Dome Energy and certain of its affiliated entities, pursuant to which the Company and Dome Energy agreed to terminate and cancel the Service Agreement and settle a number of outstanding matters, with Dome Energy agreeing to pay to Red Hawk $50,000 on May 2, 2016, in full satisfaction of the amounts due under the Service Agreement, with all remaining amounts owed forgiven by Red Hawk. As of December 31, 2015, the receivable due from Dome Energy totaled $406,000. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the net receivable created by the Dome Promissory Note was reduced to $25,000 by (i) the collection of the $250,000 as described above, (ii) forgiveness by the Company of $106,000 due from Dome Energy pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, and (iii) the recording of an allowance of $25,000 as a doubtful account (which was recognized as bad debt expense in selling, general and administrative expense on the Company’s income statement). As of December 31, 2016, the $50,000 was still due from Dome to Red Hawk as a part of the Settlement Agreement. The Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2016 of $25,000 related to this outstanding amount, as $25,000 of the $50,000 was collected in early 2017. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the net receivable created by the Dome Promissory Note was equal to $25,000 due to (i) the collection of the $25,000 in January 2017, and (ii) the reversal of the allowance of $25,000 as a doubtful account (and credited to bad debt expense in selling, general and administrative expense on the Company’s income statement) due to the collection in April 2017 of the final $25,000 that had been due (the Company had no allowance for doubtful accounts as of March 31, 2017). As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, the net receivable created by the Dome Promissory Note was $-0-.
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8. OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

On September 11, 2013, the Company entered into a Shares Subscription Agreement (“SSA”) to acquire an approximate 51% ownership in Asia Sixth Energy Resources Limited (“Asia Sixth”), which held an approximate 60% ownership interest in Aral Petroleum Capital Limited Partnership (“Aral”), a Kazakhstan entity. In August 2014 the SSA was restructured (the “Aral Restructuring”), in connection with which the Company received a promissory note in the principal amount of $10.0 million from Asia Sixth (the “A6 Promissory Note”), which would be converted into a 10.0% interest in Caspian Energy, Inc. (“Caspian Energy”), an Ontario, Canada company listed on the NEX board of the TSX Venture Exchange, upon the consummation of the Aral Restructuring.

 

The Company entered into an agreement with Golden Globe Energy (US), LLC (“GGE”) to convey 50% of the Company’s interests in Asia Sixth in connection with an acquisition transaction in March 2014.

 

The Aral Restructuring was consummated on May 20, 2015, upon which date the A6 Promissory Note was converted into 23,182,880 shares of common stock of Caspian Energy. In addition, on the date of conversion of the A6 Promissory Note, Mr. Frank Ingriselli, our Chairman and then Chief Executive Officer, was appointed as a non-executive director of Caspian Energy and currently serves as the Chairman of its Board of Directors.

 

In February 2015, the Company expanded its D-J Basin position through the acquisition of acreage from GGE (the “GGE Acquisition” and the “GGE Acquired Assets”). In connection with the GGE Acquisition, on February 23, 2015, the Company provided GGE a one-year option to acquire its interest in Caspian Energy for $100,000 payable upon exercise of the option recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. As a result, the carrying value of the 23,182,880 shares of common stock of Caspian Energy which were issued upon conversion of the A6 Promissory Note at December 31, 2015 was $100,000. The option provided to GGE was not exercised and expired on February 23, 2016, resulting in the Company retaining ownership of the 23,182,880 shares of Caspian Energy.

 

In connection with the Company’s May 2016 debt restructuring as more fully described below under “Note 9 – Notes Payable – 2016 Senior Note Restructuring”, the Company entered into a new Call Option Agreement with GGE, dated May 12, 2016 (the “GGE Option Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company provided GGE an option to purchase the 23,182,880 common shares of Caspian Energy upon payment of $100,000 by GGE to the Company at any time. The option expires on May 12, 2019, which is the maturity date of the debt evidenced by that certain Note and Security Agreement, dated April 10, 2014, as amended on February 23, 2015, and May 12, 2016, issued by the Company to RJ Credit LLC (“RJC” and the “RJC Junior Note”), as described below. The $100,000 option is classified as part of other current assets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

  
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9. NOTES PAYABLE
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
NOTES PAYABLE

Note Purchase Agreement and Sale of Secured Promissory Notes

 

On March 7, 2014, the Company entered into a $50 million financing facility (the “Notes Purchase Agreement”) between the Company, BRe BCLIC Primary, BRe BCLIC Sub, BRe WNIC 2013 LTC Primary, BRe WNIC 2013 LTC Sub, and RJC, as investors (collectively, the “Investors”), and BAM Administrative Services LLC, as agent for the Investors (the “Agent”). The Company issued the Investors Secured Promissory Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $34.5 million (the “Initial Notes”), which also provided for an additional $15.5 million available under the financing agreement to fund the Company’s future drilling costs to be evidenced by notes with substantially similar terms as the Initial Notes (the “Subsequent Notes,” and together with the Initial Notes, the “Senior Notes”). On March 19, 2015, BRe WNIC 2013 LTC Primary transferred a portion of its Initial Note to HEARTLAND Bank, and effective April 1, 2015, BRe BCLIC Primary transferred its Initial Note to Senior Health Insurance Company of Pennsylvania (“SHIP”), with each of HEARTLAND Bank and SHIP becoming an “Investor” for purposes of the discussion below. Effective March 9, 2018, CadleRock IV, LLC acquired all of HEARTLAND’s interests in the Senior Notes, becoming an “Investor” for purposes of the discussion below.

 

The Initial Notes, as originally issued, accrued interest at the rate of 15% per annum, payable monthly, required us to make certain mandatory principal payments and was originally to mature on March 7, 2017.

 

On August 28, 2015, January 29, 2016, March 7, 2016 and April 1, 2016, the Company entered into several letter agreements and amendments with certain of the holders to: (i) defer until the maturity date of their Senior Notes the mandatory principal payments that would otherwise be due and payable by the Company to them on payment dates occurring from August 2015 through April 2016; and (ii) defer until the maturity date of their Senior Notes and the RJC Junior Note all of the interest payments that would otherwise be due and payable by the Company to them from August 2015 to April 2016, with all interest amounts deferred being added to principal on the first business day of the month following the month in which such deferred interest is accrued. The purpose of these deferrals was to provide the Company with temporary relief from cash requirements to focus and execute upon its contemplated business combinations.

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, there were no payments made to reduce the outstanding principal due under the Initial Notes, however, such Notes were restructured as described below.

 

2016 Senior Note Restructuring

 

Following a series of temporary payment deferrals as described above, on May 12, 2016 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement (the “Amended NPA”), with existing lenders SHIP, BRe BCLIC Sub, BRe WINIC 2013 LTC Primary, BRe WNIC 2013 LTC Sub, Heartland Bank (assigned to CadleRock IV, LLC in March 2018), and RJC, and new lenders BHLN-Pedco Corp. (“BHLN”) and BBLN-Pedco Corp. (“BBLN,” and together with BHLN and RJC, the “Tranche A Investors”) (the investors in the Tranche B Notes (defined below) and the Tranche A Investors, collectively, the “Lenders”), and the Agent, as agent for the Lenders. The Amended NPA amended and restated the Senior Notes held by the Investors, and the Company issued new Senior Secured Promissory Notes to each of the Investors (collectively, the “Tranche B Notes”) in a transaction that qualified as a troubled debt restructuring. RJC is also a party to the RJC Junior Note (discussed below under Notes Payable - Related Party Financings - Subordinated Note Payable Assumed).  

 

Subsequently, certain of the Lenders transferred some or all of the principal outstanding under the New Senior Notes (as defined below) held by them and the term Lenders as used herein refers to the current holders of the New Senior Notes, as applicable.

 

The Amended NPA amended the Senior Notes as follows:

 

● Created and issued to the Tranche A Investors new “Tranche A Notes,” in substantially the same form and with similar terms as the Tranche B Notes, except as discussed below, consisting of a term loan issuable in tranches with a maximum aggregate principal amount of $25,960,000, with borrowed funds accruing interest at 15% per annum, and maturing on May 11, 2019 (the “Tranche A Maturity Date”) (the “Tranche A Notes,” and together with the Tranche B Notes, the “New Senior Notes”);

 

● The Company capitalized all accrued and unpaid interest under the Tranche B Notes as a term loan with an aggregate outstanding principal balance as of May 12, 2016 equal to $39,065,000 (as of March 31, 2018, the aggregate outstanding principal balance is $49,669,000). The Tranche B Notes mature on June 11, 2019 except for the Tranche B Note issued to RJC, which matures on July 11, 2019;

 

● Amended the provisions of the Senior Notes which required mandatory prepayments from our revenues, replacing them with a Net Revenue Sweep as described below; and

 

● Provides that interest on the Tranche B Notes will continue to accrue at the rate of 15% per annum, but all accrued interest through March 31, 2018 shall be deferred until due and payable on the maturity date, with all interest amounts deferred being added to the principal of the Tranche B Notes on a monthly basis and that following March 31, 2018, all interest will accrue and be paid monthly in arrears in cash to the Tranche B Note holders, provided, however, no payment may be made on the Tranche B Notes unless and until the Tranche A Notes are repaid in full. 

 

The Tranche A Notes are substantially similar to the Tranche B Notes, except that such notes are senior to the Tranche B Notes, accrue interest until maturity and have priority to the payment of Monthly Net Revenues as discussed below.

 

Amounts paid to the Agent through the Net Revenue Sweep are applied first to the repayment of principal and interest due under the Tranche A Notes until such notes are paid in full and then to the repayment of principal and interest amounts due under the Tranche B Notes. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has paid $688,000 of principal under the Net Revenue Sweep, of which $-0- was paid during the current three month period.

 

On the Closing Date, Tranche A Investors BHLN and BBLN loaned the Company their pro rata share of an aggregate of $6,422,000 (the “Initial Tranche A Funding”). The Initial Tranche A Funding net proceeds (amounting to $6,422,000 less legal fees of $127,000) were used by the Company to (i) fund approximately $5.1 million due to a third party operator for drilling and completion expenses related to the acquired working interests in eight wells from Dome Energy, (ii) pay $750,000 of the Company’s past due payables to Liberty Oilfield Services, LLC (“Liberty”), (iii) pay $445,000 of unpaid interest payments due to Heartland Bank under its Tranche B Note through February 29, 2016, and (iv) pay fees and expenses of $127,000. 

 

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Amended NPA, the Company may request each Tranche A Investor, from time to time, to advance to the Company additional amounts of funding (each, a “Subsequent Tranche A Funding”), provided that: (i) the Company may not request a Subsequent Tranche A Funding more than one time in any calendar month; (ii) Agent shall have received a written request from the Company at least 15 business days prior to the requested date of such advance (the “Advance Request”); (iii) no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing; and (iv) the Company shall provide to the Agent such documents, instruments, certificates and other writings as the Agent shall reasonably require in its sole and absolute discretion. The advancement of all or any portion of the Subsequent Tranche A Funding is in the sole and absolute discretion of the Agent and the Investors and no Investor is obligated to fund all or any part of the Subsequent Tranche A Funding. Each Subsequent Tranche A Funding shall be in a minimum amount of $500,000 and multiples of $100,000 in excess thereof. The aggregate amount of Subsequent Tranche A Fundings that may be made by the Investors under the Amended NPA shall not exceed $18,577,876 and any Subsequent Tranche A Funding repaid may not be re-borrowed.

 

In addition, subject to the terms and conditions of the Amended NPA, RJC agreed to loan $240,000 to the Company, within 30 days of the Closing Date and within 30 days of each of July 1, 2016, October 1, 2016 and January 1, 2017 (collectively, the “RJC Fundings” and collectively with the Investor Tranche A Fundings, the “Fundings”), provided that no Event of Default or Default shall exist. The aggregate amount of the RJC Fundings made by RJC under the Amended NPA shall not exceed $960,000 and any Funding repaid may not be re-borrowed. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has received no loan proceeds under this agreement, and RJC is in default of its funding obligations thereunder.

 

To guarantee RJC’s obligation in connection with the RJC Fundings as required under the Amended NPA, GGE entered into a Share Pledge Agreement with the Company, dated May 12, 2016 (the “GGE Pledge Agreement”), pursuant to which GGE agreed to pledge an aggregate of 10,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock held by GGE (convertible into 1,000,000 shares of Company common stock), which pledged shares are subject to automatic cancellation and forfeiture based on a schedule set forth in the GGE Share Pledge Agreement, in the event RJC fails to meet each of its RJC Funding obligations pursuant to the Amended NPA. To date, RJC has not met its RJC Funding obligations under the Amended NPA and the Company is entitled to cancel and forfeit the entire 10,000 pledged shares of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock held by GGE pursuant to the terms of the GGE Pledge Agreement, which determination to cancel shares has not been made, and which shares have not been cancelled, as of the date of this filing.

 

As additional consideration for the entry into the Amended NPA, the Company granted to BHLN and BBLN, warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 596,280 shares of common stock of the Company (the “Investor Warrants”). The warrants have a 3-year term, are transferrable, and are exercisable on a cashless basis at any time at $2.50 per share (as amended). The Investor Warrants include a beneficial ownership limitation that prohibits the exercise of the Investor Warrants to the extent such exercise would result in the holder, together with its affiliates, holding more than 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding voting stock (the “Blocker Provision”). The estimated fair value of the Investor Warrants issued is approximately $707,000 based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The relative fair value allocated to the Tranche A Notes and recorded as debt discount was $636,000.

 

Other than the Investor Warrants, no additional warrants exercisable for common stock of the Company are due, owing, or shall be granted to the Lenders pursuant to the Senior Notes, as amended. In addition, warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 34,912 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $15.00 per share and warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 120,101 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $7.50 per share previously granted by the Company to certain of the Lenders on September 10, 2015 in connection with prior interest payment deferrals have been amended and restated to provide that all such warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and to include a Blocker Provision (the “Amended and Restated Warrants”).

 

Additionally, the Company also agreed to (a) provide to the Agent and the Investors a monthly projected general and administrative expense report (the “Projected G&A”) and a monthly comparison report of the Projected G&A provided for the preceding month, with an explanation of any variances, provided that in no event shall such variances exceed $150,000, and (b) pay to the Agent within 2 business days following the end of each calendar month all of the Company’s oil and gas revenue received by the Company during such month (the “Net Revenue Sweep”), less (i) lease operating expenses, (ii) interest payments due to Investors under the New Senior Notes, (iii) general and administrative expenses not to exceed $150,000 per month unless preapproved by the Agent (the “G&A Cap”), and (iv) preapproved extraordinary expenses (together the “Monthly Net Revenues”). Amounts paid to the Agent through the Net Revenue Sweep are applied first to the repayment of principal and interest due under the Tranche A Notes until such notes are paid in full and then to the repayment of principal and interest amounts due under the Tranche B Notes. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has paid $688,000 of principal under the Net Revenue Sweep, of which $-0- was paid during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The amount of interest deferred under the Tranche A and Tranche B Notes as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 equaled $3,671,000 and $3,195,000, respectively, and was accounted for on the balance sheet under long-term accrued expenses and accrued expenses - related party.

 

The amounts outstanding under the New Senior Notes are secured by a first priority security interest in all of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ assets, property, real property, intellectual property, securities and proceeds therefrom, granted in favor of the Agent for the benefit of the Lenders, pursuant to a Security Agreement and a Patent Security Agreement, each entered into as of March 7, 2014, as amended on May 12, 2016 (the “Amended Security Agreement” and “Amended Patent Agreement,” respectively). Additionally, the Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, was granted a mortgage and security interest in all of the Company’s and its subsidiaries real property as located in the State of Colorado and the State of Texas pursuant to (i) a Leasehold Deed of Trust, Fixture Filing, Assignment of Rents and Leases, and Security Agreements, dated March 7, 2014, as amended May 12, 2016, filed in Weld County and Morgan County, Colorado; and (ii) a Mortgage, Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Financing Statement and Assignment of Production filed in Matagorda County, Texas (collectively, the “Amended Mortgages”).  

 

Other than as described above, the terms of the Amended NPA (including the covenants and obligations thereunder) are substantially the same as the March 2014 Notes Purchase Agreement described above, and the terms of the Tranche A Notes and Tranche B Notes (including the events of default, interest rates and conditions associated therewith) are substantially the same as the Senior Notes.

 

All debt discount amounts are amortized using the effective interest rate method. The total amount of the remaining debt discount reflected on the accompanying balance sheet as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $3,039,000 and $3,751,000, respectively. Amortization of debt discount and total interest expense for the notes (New Senior Notes – Tranche B and Tranche A Notes and GGE Notes) was $712,000 and $2,386,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and $831,000 and $1,604,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

 

Junior Debt Restructuring

 

On May 12, 2016, the Company entered into an Amendment No. 2 to Note and Security Agreement with RJC (the “Second Amendment”). The Company and RJC agreed to amend the RJC Junior Note to (i) capitalize all accrued and unpaid interest under the RJC Junior Note as of May 12, 2016, and add it to the note principal, making the outstanding principal amount of the RJC Junior Note as of May 12, 2016 equal to $9,379,000, (ii) extend the maturity date (“Termination Date”) from December 31, 2017 to July 11, 2019, (iii) provide that all future interest accruing under the RJC Junior Note is deferred until payable on the Termination Date, with all future interest amounts deferred being added to the principal on a monthly basis, and (iv) subordinate the RJC Junior Note to the New Senior Notes.

 

Bridge Note Financing

  

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had Bridge Notes with an aggregate principal balance of $475,000 remaining outstanding, plus accrued interest of $244,000 and additional payment-in-kind (“PIK”) of $48,000. The aggregate principal and accrued and unpaid interest and PIK amounts are available for conversion into common stock pursuant to the terms of the Bridge Notes into common stock of the Company, subject to no more than 19.99% of the Company’s outstanding common stock on the date the Second Amended Notes were entered into. Upon a conversion, the applicable holder shall receive that number of shares of common stock as is determined by dividing the Conversion Amount by a conversion price as follows:

 

(A) prior to June 1, 2014, the conversion price was $21.50 per share; and

 

(B) following June 1, 2014, the denominator used in the calculation described above is the greater of (i) 80% of the average of the closing price per share of the Company’s publicly-traded common stock for the five (5) trading days immediately preceding the date of the conversion notice provided by the holder; and (ii) $5.00 per share.

 

Additionally, each Amended Bridge Investor entered into a Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement in favor of the Agent, subordinating and deferring the repayment of the Bridge Notes until full repayment of certain senior notes. The Subordination and Intercreditor Agreements also prohibit the Company from repaying the Bridge Notes until certain senior notes have been paid in full. The interest expense related to these notes for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $14,000 and $14,000, respectively. 

 

The unamortized debt premium on the Convertible Bridge Notes as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, was $113,000. No amortization was recorded during 2018 due to these notes being subordinated by the Senior Notes.

 

MIE Jurassic Energy Corporation

 

On February 14, 2013, PEDCO entered into a Secured Subordinated Promissory Note with MIE Jurassic Energy Corp. (“MIEJ”), which was amended on March 25, 2013 and July 9, 2013 (the “MIEJ Note”, as amended through December 31, 2014) with MIEJ.

 

In February 2015, the Company and PEDCO entered into a Settlement Agreement with MIEJ and issued a new promissory note in the amount of $4.925 million to MIEJ (the “NEW MIEJ Note”). The Settlement Agreement related to the February 2015 disposition of the Company’s interest in Condor Energy Technology, LLC, a joint venture previously owned 20% by the Company and 80% by MIEJ. As of March 31, 2018, the principal amount outstanding under the New MIEJ Note was $4,925,000.

 

The New MIEJ Note has an interest rate of 10.0%, with no interest due until maturity, is secured by all of the Company’s assets, and is subordinated to the Senior Notes. MIEJ also agreed to subordinate its note up to an additional $60 million of new senior lending, with any portion of new senior lending in excess of this amount required to be paid first to MIEJ until the New MIEJ Note is paid in full. Further, for every $20 million in new senior lending the Company raises, MIEJ is required to be paid all interest and fees accrued on the New MIEJ Note through such date. The New MIEJ Note was due and payable on March 8, 2017, subject to automatic extensions upon the occurrence of a Long Term Financing (defined below), which as described below has occurred to date.

 

On a one-time basis, the Secured Promissory Notes may be refinanced by a new loan (“Long-Term Financing”) by one or more third party replacement lenders (“Replacement Lenders”), and in such event the Company shall undertake commercially reasonable best efforts to cause the Replacement Lenders to simultaneously refinance both the Senior Notes and the New MIEJ Note as part of such Long-Term Financing. If the Replacement Lenders are unable or unwilling to include the New MIEJ Note in such financing, then the Long-Term Financing may proceed without including the New MIEJ Note, and the New MIEJ Note shall remain in place and shall be automatically subordinated, without further consent of MIEJ, to such Long-Term Financing. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of a Long-Term Financing, the maturity of the New MIEJ Note is automatically extended to the same maturity date of the Long-Term Financing, but to no later than March 8, 2020. Additionally, in connection with a contemplated Long-Term Financing:

 

● The Long-Term Financing must not exceed $95 million;

 

● The Company must make commercially reasonable best efforts to include adequate reserves or other payment provisions whereby MIEJ is paid all interest and fees accrued on the New MIEJ Note commencing as of March 8, 2017 and annually thereafter, and to allow for quarterly interest payments starting March 31, 2017 of not less than 5% per annum on the outstanding balance of the New MIEJ Note, plus a one-time payment of accrued interest (not to exceed $500,000) as of March 31, 2017; and

 

● Commencing on March 8, 2017, MIEJ shall have the right to convert the balance of the New MIEJ Note into the Company’s common stock at a price equal to 80% of the average closing price per share of our stock over the then previous 60 days, subject to a minimum conversion price of $3.00 per share. MIEJ shall not be permitted to convert if the conversion would result in MIEJ holding more than 19.9% of the Company’s outstanding common stock without approval from the Company’s shareholders, which approval the Company obtained at its 2016 annual shareholder meeting held on December 28, 2016.

 

In the event the Senior Notes are not refinanced, restructured or extended by the Lenders, the maturity of both the New MIEJ Note and the Senior Notes may be extended to no later than March 8, 2019, without requiring the consent of MIEJ. However, (i) any such maturity extension of the New MIEJ Note will give MIEJ the right to convert the note into our common stock as described above, commencing on March 8, 2017, and (ii) such extension agreement must provide that MIEJ is paid all interest and fees accrued on the New MIEJ Note as of March 8, 2018. The New MIEJ Note may be prepaid any time without penalty.

 

As a result of the Company’s May 2016 senior debt restructuring pursuant to the Amended NPA (as described above under “Note Purchase Agreement and Sale of Secured Promissory Notes” – “2016 Senior Note Restructuring”), the maturity date of the New MIEJ Note has automatically been extended to March 8, 2019, and as a result of the Company’s shareholders approving the conversion terms of the MIEJ Note at the Company’s annual shareholder meeting held on December 28, 2016, MIEJ has had the Right of Conversion (described above) beginning on March 8, 2017.

 

The interest expense related to this note for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $123,000 and $123,000, respectively, with the total cumulative interest equal to $1,601,000 through March 31, 2018.

 

For financial reporting purposes, MIEJ was considered a related party for all periods presented prior to the MIEJ Settlement Agreement signed in February 2015. After that date, MIEJ is no longer considered a related party.

 

Related Party Financings

 

Subordinated Note Payable Assumed

 

In 2015, the Company assumed approximately $8.35 million of subordinated note payable from GGE in the acquisition of the GGE Acquired Assets (the “RJC Junior Note”). The amount outstanding on the RJC Junior Note as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $11,831,000 and $11,483,000, respectively. The lender under the RJC Junior Note is RJC, which is one of the lenders under the Senior Notes and is an affiliate of GGE. The note was originally due and payable on December 31, 2017, but has been extended to July 11, 2019 in connection with the May 2016 restructuring as described above. The assumed note payable is subordinate to the Senior Notes, as well as any future secured indebtedness from a lender with an aggregate principal amount of at least $20,000,000. Should the Company repay the Senior Notes or replace them with secured indebtedness from a lender with an aggregate principal amount of at least $20,000,000, RJC agreed to further amend the subordinated note payable to adjust the frequency of interest payments or to eliminate the payments and replace them with a single payment of the accrued interest to be paid at maturity.

 

The interest expense related to this note for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $348,000 and $308,000, respectively. 

 

2016 RJC Subordinated Note Deferrals

 

On January 29, 2016 and March 7, 2016, the Company entered into agreements with RJC to defer until maturity the payment of interest and principal due under the RJC Junior Note through March 31, 2016, and reduce the interest rate to 12% per annum effective January 31, 2016.

   

The deferral period was further extended on May 12, 2016, on which date the Company entered into an Amendment No. 2 to Note and Security Agreement with RJC (the “Second Amendment”). The Company and RJC agreed to amend the RJC Junior Note to (i) capitalize all accrued and unpaid interest under the RJC Junior Note as of May 12, 2016, and add it to the note principal, making the outstanding principal amount of the RJC Junior Note as of June 12, 2016 equal to $9,379,000, (ii) extend the maturity date from December 31, 2017 to July 11, 2019, (iii) provide that all future interest accruing under the RJC Junior Note is deferred until payable on the maturity date, with all future interest amounts deferred being added to the principal on a monthly basis, and (iv) subordinate the RJC Junior Note to the New Senior Notes. The warrants previously granted to RJC on September 10, 2015 were also amended to provide that such warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and to include a Blocker Provision (as defined above).

 

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, interest deferred and capitalized since May 12, 2016, under Amendment No. 2 to the Note, amounted to $1,657,000 and $1,309,000, respectively, and amounted to total deferred interest of $2,912,000 since January 1, 2016. The outstanding principal amount of the RJC Junior Note as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was equal to $11,831,000 and $11,483,000, respectively.   
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10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Office Lease

 

In June 2017, the Company entered into a second lease addendum to the original lease agreement signed in July 2012 and the first lease addendum signed in May 2016, as amended, which extends the term of the lease by an additional one year, now ending in July 2018, for its corporate office space located in Danville, California. The obligation under this one-year lease extension for the remainder of the lease through July 2018 is $19,000.

 

Leasehold Drilling Commitments

 

The Company’s oil and gas leasehold acreage is subject to expiration of leases if the Company does not drill and hold such acreage by production or otherwise exercises options to extend such leases, if available, in exchange for payment of additional cash consideration. In the D-J Basin Asset, 48 net acres are due to expire during the nine months remaining in 2018 (1,066 net acres did expire during the three months ended March 31, 2018), 125 net acres expire in 2019, 576 net acres expire thereafter (net to our direct ownership interest only). The Company plans to hold significantly all of this acreage through a program of drilling and completing producing wells. If the Company is not able to drill and complete a well before lease expiration, the Company may seek to extend leases where able. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had fully impaired its unproved leasehold costs based on management’s revised re-leasing program.

 

Other Commitments

 

Although we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we are not currently a party to any material legal proceeding. In addition, we are not aware of any material legal or governmental proceedings against us, or contemplated to be brought against us.

 

As part of its regular operations, the Company may become party to various pending or threatened claims, lawsuits and administrative proceedings seeking damages or other remedies concerning its commercial operations, products, employees and other matters.

 

Although the Company provides no assurance about the outcome of these or any other pending legal and administrative proceedings and the effect such outcomes may have on the Company, the Company believes that any ultimate liability resulting from the outcome of such proceedings, to the extent not otherwise provided for or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

 
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11. SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Equity [Abstract]  
SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT

PREFERRED STOCK

 

At March 31, 2018, the Company was authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share, of which 25,000,000 shares have been designated “Series A” preferred stock.

 

On February 23, 2015, the Company issued 66,625 Series A Preferred shares to GGE as part of the consideration paid for the GGE Acquired Assets. The grant date fair value of the Series A Preferred stock was $28,402,000, based on a calculation using a binomial lattice option pricing model. See Note 14 below.

 

The 66,625 shares of Series A Preferred stock issued to GGE were originally contingently redeemable in 4 tranches as follows: (i) 15,000 shares in Tranche One; (ii) 15,000 shares in Tranche Two; (iii) 11,625 shares in Tranche Three; and (iv) 25,000 shares in Tranche Four.

 

In addition, upon the original issuance of the 66,625 shares of Series A Preferred stock issued to GGE, the Series A preferred stock had the following features:

 

● a liquidation preference senior to all of the Company’s common stock equal to $400 per share;

 

● a dividend, payable annually, of 10% of the liquidation preference;

 

● voting rights on all matters, with each share having 1 vote; and

 

● a conversion feature at GGE’s option which would allow the Series A Preferred stock to be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock on a 100:1 basis.

 

However, following the October 7, 2015 approval of the Company shareholders of the issuance of shares of common stock upon the conversion of the Series A Preferred stock, the Series A Preferred features have been modified as follows:

 

● the Series A Preferred stock ceased accruing dividends and all accrued and unpaid dividends have been automatically forfeited and forgiven; and

 

● the liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred stock has been reduced to $0.001 per share from $400 per share.

 

GGE was also subject to a lock-up provision that prohibited it from selling the shares of common stock through the public markets for less than $10 per share (on an as-converted to common stock basis) until February 23, 2016, and subject to a provision which prohibits GGE from converting shares of Series A Preferred stock if upon such conversion it would beneficially own more than 9.99% of our outstanding common stock or voting stock, subject to waiver by the Company.

 

On November 23, 2015, the Company lost the right to redeem any of the Series A Preferred and the holder also lost the right to force any redemption because, pursuant to the Series A Certificate of Designations, the Company did not repurchase any shares within nine months of the initial Series A issuance. Accordingly, the Series A Preferred is no longer redeemable.

 

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were 66,625 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred outstanding, 10,000 shares of which are now subject to cancellation and forfeiture as described further in the Notes above due to RJC’s failure to meet its RJC Funding obligations under the Amended NPA.

 

COMMON STOCK

 

At March 31, 2018, the Company was authorized to issue 200,000,000 shares of its common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share.

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company did not issue any shares of common stock or restricted common stock.

 

As of March 31, 2018, there were 7,278,754 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

Stock-based compensation expense recorded related to the vesting of restricted stock during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $166,000 and $248,000, respectively. The remaining unamortized stock-based compensation expense at March 31, 2018 related to restricted stock was $242,000.

 
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12. STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Equity [Abstract]  
STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

Blast 2003 Stock Option Plan and 2009 Stock Incentive Plan

 

Prior to June 2005, the Company was known as Blast Energy Services, Inc. (“Blast”). Under Blast’s 2003 Stock Option Plan and 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, options to acquire 3,424 shares of common stock were granted and remained outstanding and exercisable as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. No new options were issued under these plans in 2018 or 2017.

 

2012 Incentive Plan

 

On July 27, 2012, the shareholders of the Company approved the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Incentive Plan”), which was previously approved by the Board of Directors on June 27, 2012, and authorizes the issuance of various forms of stock-based awards, including incentive or non-qualified options, restricted stock awards, performance shares and other securities as described in greater detail in the 2012 Incentive Plan, to the Company’s employees, officers, directors and consultants. The 2012 Incentive Plan was amended on June 27, 2014, October 7, 2015 and December 28, 2016 and December 28, 2017 to increase by 500,000, 300,000, 500,000 and 1,500,000 (to 3,000,000 currently), respectively, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 20102 Incentive Plan.

 

A total of 3,000,000 shares of common stock are eligible to be issued under the 2012 Incentive Plan as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, of which 2,296,130 shares have been issued as restricted stock, 621,700 shares are subject to issuance upon exercise of issued and outstanding options, and 82,170 remain available for future issuance as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. 

 

PEDCO 2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

As a result of the July 27, 2012 merger by and between the Company, Blast Acquisition Corp., a wholly-owned Nevada subsidiary of the Company (“MergerCo”), and Pacific Energy Development Corp., a privately-held Nevada corporation (“PEDCO”) pursuant to which MergerCo was merged with and into PEDCO, with PEDCO continuing as the surviving entity and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, in a transaction structured to qualify as a tax-free reorganization (the “Merger”), the Company assumed the PEDCO 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “PEDCO Incentive Plan”), which was adopted by PEDCO on February 9, 2012. The PEDCO Incentive Plan authorized PEDCO to issue an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock in the form of restricted shares, incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, share appreciation rights, performance shares, and performance units under the PEDCO Incentive Plan. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, options to purchase an aggregate of 31,015 shares of the Company’s common stock and 66,625 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock have been granted under this plan (all of which were granted by PEDCO prior to the closing of the merger with the Company, with such grants being assumed by the Company and remaining subject to the PEDCO Incentive Plan following the consummation of the merger). The Company does not plan to grant any additional awards under the PEDCO Incentive Plan.

 

Options

 

The Company did not grant any options during the three month period ending March 31, 2018.

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized stock option expense of $17,000 and $28,000, respectively. The remaining amount of unamortized stock options expense at March 31, 2018, was $30,000.

 

The intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable options at March 31, 2018 was $-0- and $-0-, respectively.

 

The intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable options at December 31, 2017 was $-0- and $-0-, respectively. 

 

Option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2018 was:

 

                Weighted  
                Average  
          Weighted     Remaining  
          Average     Contract  
    Number of     Exercise     Term  
    Shares     Price     (# years)  
Outstanding at January 1, 2018     743,727     $ 3.45       3.8  
Granted     -       -       -  
Exercised     -       -       -  
Forfeited and cancelled     -       -       -  
                         
Outstanding at March 31, 2018     743,727     $ 3.45       3.5  
                         
Exercisable at March 31, 2018     500,727     $ 5.09       3.0  

 

Warrants

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized warrant expense of $-0-. The remaining amount of unrecognized warrant expense at March 31, 2018 was $-0-.

 

The intrinsic value of outstanding as well as exercisable warrants at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was

$-0- and $-0-, respectively.

 

Warrant activity during the three months ended March 31, 2017 was:  

 

   

Number of

Shares

    

Weighted

Average Exercise

Price

    

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Contract Term

(# years)

  
Outstanding at January 1, 2018     1,231,373     $ 7.44       1.4  
Granted     -       -       -  
Exercised     -       -       -  
Forfeited and cancelled     -       -       -  
                         
Outstanding at March 31, 2018     1,231,373     $ 7.44       1.2  
                         
Exercisable at March 31, 2018     1,231,373     $ 7.44       1.2  

 
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13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Note Amendments and Warrant Issuances to RJC

 

See Notes above for a discussion of certain amendments to the Senior Note and RJC Junior Note held by RJC.

 

See Notes above for a discussion of certain warrants issued to RJC by the Company in connection with the amendment of the Senior Note and RJC Junior Note held by RJC.

 

GGE Acquisition

 

As a result of the 66,625 restricted shares of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock issued to GGE which can be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock on a 100:1 basis as described below in greater detail, and the appointment by GGE of a representative to the Company’s Board of Directors, GGE became a related party to the Company in 2015. The following table reflects the related party amounts for GGE included in the March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 balance sheets (in thousands):

 

   

As of

March 31,

2018

    

As of

December 31,

2017

  
Accrued expenses   $ 1,994     $ 1,733  
Long-term notes payable – Secured Promissory Notes, net of discount of $919,000 and $1,148,000, respectively     16,543       15,930  
Long notes payable – Subordinated     11,831       11,483  
Total liabilities   $ 30,368     $ 29,146  

 
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14. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

As defined in our accounting policy on the fair value of financial instruments, financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

 

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy our financial instruments that were accounted for at fair value as of March 31, 2018 (in thousands):

 

    Fair Value Measurements At March 31, 2018  
    Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets     Significant Other Observable Inputs     Significant Unobservable Inputs     Total Carrying Value  
    (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)        
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock   $ -     $ -     $ 28,402     $ 28,402  
                                 

 

The Company believes there is no active market or significant other market data for the Series A Preferred as it is held by a limited number of closely held entities, therefore the Company has determined it should use Level 3 inputs.

 

The Series A Convertible Preferred was valued using the binomial lattice model of which the significant assumptions were expected term and expected volatility. The binomial lattice model used a probabilistic approach in which the Company assigned percentages to each scenario based on the chance of repayment. The percentages used were as follows: the non-repayment scenario was assigned a 25% probability and the repayment scenario was assigned a 75% probability. 

 
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15. INCOME TAXES
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES

Due to the Company’s net losses, there was no provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

 

On December 22, 2017, new federal tax reform legislation was enacted in the United States (the “2017 Tax Act”), resulting in significant changes from previous tax law. The 2017 Tax Act reduces the federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from 34% effective January 1, 2018. The rate change, along with certain immaterial changes in tax basis resulting from the 2017 Tax Act, resulted in a reduction of the Company’s deferred tax assets of $18,589,000 and a corresponding reduction in the valuation allowance as of December 31, 2017. The following table reconciles the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate in effect for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 and the Company’s effective tax rate:

 

   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

2018

    

Three Months Ended

March 31,

2017

  
             
U.S. federal statutory income tax     21.00 %     34.00 %
State and local income tax, net of benefits     6.64 %     4.63 %
Amortization of debt discount     (2.73 %)     (4.98 %)
Loss on write-off of cost method investment     0.00 %     0.00 %
Officer life insurance and D&O insurance     (0.13 %)     (0.19 %)
Stock-based compensation     (1.20 %)     (2.56 %)
Tax rate changes and other     0.00 %     0.00 %
Valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets     (23.58 %)     (30.90 %)
Effective income tax rate     0.00 %     0.00 %
                 

 

Deferred income tax assets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

 

Deferred Tax Assets  

March 31,

2018

    

December 31,

2017

  
Difference in depreciation, depletion, and capitalization methods – oil and natural gas properties   $ 3,617     $ 3,649  
Net operating loss – federal taxes     31,107       30,322  
Net operating loss – state taxes     5,644       5,398  
Total deferred tax asset     40,368       39,369  
                 
Less valuation allowance     (40,368 )     (39,369 )
Total deferred tax assets   $ -     $ -  

 

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of deferred assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.

 

Based on the available objective evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will not be fully realizable. Accordingly, management has applied a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2018. The net change in the total valuation allowance from December 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018, was an increase of $999,000.

 

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2018, the Company did not have any significant uncertain tax positions or unrecognized tax benefits. The Company did not have associated accrued interest or penalties, nor were there any interest expense or penalties recognized during the period from February 9, 2011 (Inception) through March 31, 2018.

 

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) of approximately $98,206,000 and $49,922,000 (subject to limitations) for federal and state tax purposes. If not utilized, these losses will begin to expire beginning in 2033 and 2023, respectively, for both federal and state purposes.

 

Utilization of NOL and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to ownership change limitations that may have occurred or that could occur in the future, as required by the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), as amended, as well as similar state provisions. In general, an “ownership change” as defined by the Code results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50% of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders or public groups.

 

The Company currently has tax returns open for examination by the Internal Revenue Service for all years since 2010.

 
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16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In connection with the pending departure of Mr. Michael L. Peterson as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective May 31, 2018, Mr. Frank C. Ingriselli, the Company’s current Chairman of the Board of Directors and former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, has agreed to assume the executive offices of Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company, effective May 31, 2018, and continue in his role as Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors.

 

In consideration for Mr. Ingriselli rejoining the Company as its President and Chief Executive Officer, the Company granted Mr. Ingriselli 80,000 shares of restricted Company common stock valued at approximately $26,000, with 60,000 shares vesting on the six month anniversary of June 1, 2018 and 20,000 of the shares on the nine month anniversary of June 1, 2018, subject to his continued service as an employee of or consultant to the Company on such vesting dates.
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3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and those of its wholly and partially-owned subsidiaries as follows: (i) Blast AFJ, Inc., a Delaware corporation; (ii) Pacific Energy Development Corp. (“PEDCO”), a Nevada corporation; (iii) Pacific Energy & Rare Earth Limited, a Hong Kong company (dissolved on August 11, 2017); (iv) Blackhawk Energy Limited, a British Virgin Islands company (which is currently in the process of being dissolved); (v) White Hawk Petroleum, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (dissolved on November 30, 2016); (vi) Red Hawk Petroleum, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company; (vii) Pacific Energy Development MSL, LLC (owned 50% by the Company) (dissolved in September 2016) and is included in our consolidated results for the periods prior to its dissolution (“PEDCO MSL”); (viii) PEDEVCO Acquisition Subsidiary, Inc., a Texas corporation which was formed on May 21, 2015 in connection with the planned reorganization transaction with Dome Energy, Inc. (“Dome Energy”), which was subsequently terminated (dissolved in April 2016); and (ix) White Hawk Energy, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, formed on January 4, 2016 in connection with the contemplated reorganization transaction with GOM Holdings, LLC (“GOM”), which reorganization transaction has since been terminated (dissolved in March 2018). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.  
Use of Estimates in Financial Statement Preparation

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as certain financial statement disclosures. While management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates generally include those with respect to the amount of recoverable oil and gas reserves, the fair value of financial instruments, oil and gas depletion, asset retirement obligations, and stock-based compensation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, cash equivalents consisted of money market funds and cash on deposit.
Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk include cash deposits placed with financial institutions. The Company maintains its cash in bank accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits as guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). At March 31, 2018, approximately $618,000 of the Company’s cash balances were uninsured. The Company has not experienced any losses on such accounts.

 

Sales to one customer comprised 55% of the Company’s total oil and gas revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Sales to one customer comprised 63% of the Company’s total oil and gas revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The Company believes that, in the event that its primary customers are unable or unwilling to continue to purchase the Company’s production, there are a substantial number of alternative buyers for its production at comparable prices.
Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable typically consist of oil and gas receivables. The Company has classified these as short-term assets in the balance sheet because the Company expects repayment or recovery within the next 12 months. The Company evaluates these accounts receivable for collectability considering the results of operations of these related entities and, when necessary, records allowances for expected unrecoverable amounts. To date, no allowances have been recorded. Included in accounts receivable - oil and gas is $4,000 related to receivables from joint interest owners.
Bad Debt Expense

The Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivables is critical to its operating performance and cash flows. Accounts receivable are stated at an amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. The Company extends credit in the normal course of business. The Company regularly reviews outstanding receivables and when the Company determines that a party may not be able to make required payments, a charge to bad debt expense in the period of determination is made. Though the Company’s bad debts have not historically been significant, the Company could experience increased bad debt expense should a financial downturn occur. 

 
Equipment

Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Renewals and betterments which extend the life or improve existing equipment are capitalized. Upon disposition or retirement of equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are 3 to 10 years.
Oil and Gas Properties, Successful Efforts Method

The successful efforts method of accounting is used for oil and gas exploration and production activities. Under this method, all costs for development wells, support equipment and facilities, and proved mineral interests in oil and gas properties are capitalized. Geological and geophysical costs are expensed when incurred. Costs of exploratory wells are capitalized as exploration and evaluation assets pending determination of whether the wells find proved oil and gas reserves. Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated quantities of crude oil and natural gas which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, (i.e., prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made). Prices include consideration of changes in existing prices provided only by contractual arrangements, but not on escalations based upon future conditions. 

 

Exploratory wells in areas not requiring major capital expenditures are evaluated for economic viability within one year of completion of drilling. The related well costs are expensed as dry holes if it is determined that such economic viability is not attained. Otherwise, the related well costs are reclassified to oil and gas properties and subject to impairment review. For exploratory wells that are found to have economically viable reserves in areas where major capital expenditure will be required before production can commence, the related well costs remain capitalized only if additional drilling is under way or firmly planned. Otherwise the related well costs are expensed as dry holes.

 

Exploration and evaluation expenditures incurred subsequent to the acquisition of an exploration asset in a business combination are accounted for in accordance with the policy outlined above.

 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization of capitalized oil and gas properties is calculated on a field by field basis using the unit of production method. Lease acquisition costs are amortized over the total estimated proved developed and undeveloped reserves and all other capitalized costs are amortized over proved developed reserves.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value.
Asset Retirement Obligations

If a reasonable estimate of the fair value of an obligation to perform site reclamation, dismantle facilities or plug and abandon wells can be made, the Company will record a liability (an asset retirement obligation or “ARO”) on its consolidated balance sheet and capitalize the present value of the asset retirement cost in oil and gas properties in the period in which the retirement obligation is incurred. In general, the amount of an ARO and the costs capitalized will be equal to the estimated future cost to satisfy the abandonment obligation assuming the normal operation of the asset, using current prices that are escalated by an assumed inflation factor up to the estimated settlement date, which is then discounted back to the date that the abandonment obligation was incurred using an assumed cost of funds for the Company. After recording these amounts, the ARO will be accreted to its future estimated value using the same assumed cost of funds and the capitalized costs are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis over the estimated proved developed reserves. Both the accretion and the depreciation will be included in depreciation, depletion and amortization expense on our consolidated statements of operations.

 

The following table describes changes in our asset retirement obligations during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): 

 

    2018     2017  
Asset retirement obligations at January 1   $ 477     $ 246  
Accretion expense     19       22  
Obligations incurred for acquisition     -       -  
Changes in estimates     -       -  
Asset retirement obligations at March 31   $ 496     $ 268  

 
Revenue Recognition

ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, supersedes the revenue recognition requirements and industry-specific guidance under Revenue Recognition (Topic 605). Topic 606 requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted Topic 606 on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Under the modified retrospective method, prior period financial positions and results will not be adjusted. The cumulative effect adjustment recognized in the opening balances included no significant changes as a result of this adoption. While the Company does not expect 2018 net earnings to be materially impacted by revenue recognition timing changes, Topic 606 requires certain changes to the presentation of revenues and related expenses beginning January 1, 2018. Refer to Note 5 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers for additional information.

 

The Company’s revenue is comprised entirely of revenue from exploration and production activities. The Company’s oil is sold primarily to marketers, gatherers, and refiners. Natural gas is sold primarily to interstate and intrastate natural-gas pipelines, direct end-users, industrial users, local distribution companies, and natural-gas marketers. NGLs are sold primarily to direct end-users, refiners, and marketers. Payment is generally received from the customer in the month following delivery.

 

Contracts with customers have varying terms, including month-to-month contracts, and contracts with a finite term. The Company recognizes sales revenues for oil, natural gas, and NGLs based on the amount of each product sold to a customer when control transfers to the customer. Generally, control transfers at the time of delivery to the customer at a pipeline interconnect, the tailgate of a processing facility, or as a tanker lifting is completed. Revenue is measured based on the contract price, which may be index-based or fixed, and may include adjustments for market differentials and downstream costs incurred by the customer, including gathering, transportation, and fuel costs.

 

Revenues are recognized for the sale of the Company’s net share of production volumes. Sales on behalf of other working interest owners and royalty interest owners are not recognized as revenues.
Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the asset and liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards and for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that the value of such assets will be realized.
Stock-Based Compensation

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of employee stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fair value of our share-based compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fair value, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stock-based payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances.

 

The Company estimates volatility by considering the historical stock volatility. The Company has opted to use the simplified method for estimating expected term, which is generally equal to the midpoint between the vesting period and the contractual term.

 
Loss per Common Share

Basic loss per common share equals net loss divided by weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share includes the impact on dilution from all contingently issuable shares, including options, warrants and convertible securities. The common stock equivalents from contingent shares are determined by the treasury stock method. The Company incurred net losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and therefore, basic and diluted loss per share for those periods are the same as all potential common equivalent shares would be anti-dilutive. The Company excluded 500,727 and 406,608 potentially issuable shares of common stock related to options, 1,231,373 and 1,248,036 potentially issuable shares of common stock related to warrants and 153,379 and 141,980 potentially issuable shares of common stock related to the conversion of Bridge Notes due to their anti-dilutive effect for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company follows Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), which clarifies fair value as an exit price, establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework for measuring fair value, and requires extended disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of ASC 820 apply to all financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

 

As defined in ASC 820, fair value, clarified as an exit price, represents the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a result, fair value is a market-based approach that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability.

 

As a basis for considering these assumptions, ASC 820 defines a three-tier value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value. 

 

  Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
  Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
  Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

 

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, a new lease standard requiring lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for most leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company will be required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company has evaluated the adoption of the standard and, due to there being only one operating lease currently in place, there will be minimal impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (Topic 718). The FASB issued this update to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments and affect all organizations that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. Several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions are simplified, including: (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification on the statement of cash flows. The updated guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the update is permitted.   The Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2017. There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The new standard will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case it would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable.   There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)”, requiring that the statement of cash flows explain the change in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The provisions of this guidance are to be applied using a retrospective approach which requires application of the guidance for all periods presented.  There was no impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

 

The Company does not expect the adoption of any recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a significant impact on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all transactions through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued for subsequent event disclosure consideration.

 
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3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Asset retirement obligation
    2018     2017  
Asset retirement obligations at January 1   $ 477     $ 246  
Accretion expense     19       22  
Obligations incurred for acquisition     -       -  
Changes in estimates     -       -  
Asset retirement obligations at March 31   $ 496     $ 268  
XML 35 R24.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
5. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS (Tables)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Revenue From Contracts With Customers Tables  
Revenue by significant product type
Oil sales   $ 549  
Natural gas sales     49  
Natural gas liquids sales     46  
Total revenue from customers   $ 644  
XML 36 R25.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
6. OIL AND GAS PROPERTIES (Tables)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Oil and Gas Property [Abstract]  
Oil and gas interests
   

Balance at

December 31,

                      

Balance at

March 31,

  
    2017     Additions     Disposals     Transfers     2018  
Oil and gas properties, subject to amortization   $ 68,306     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 68,306  
Oil and gas properties, not subject to amortization     -       -       -       -       -  
Asset retirement costs     260       -       -       -       260  
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and impairment     (33,644 )     (563 )     -       -       (34,207 )
Total oil and gas assets   $ 34,922     $ (563 )   $ -     $ -     $ 34,359  
XML 37 R26.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
12. STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS (Tables)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Schedule of Stock Option and Warrant Activity
                Weighted  
                Average  
          Weighted     Remaining  
          Average     Contract  
    Number of     Exercise     Term  
    Shares     Price     (# years)  
Outstanding at January 1, 2018     743,727     $ 3.45       3.8  
Granted     -       -       -  
Exercised     -       -       -  
Forfeited and cancelled     -       -       -  
                         
Outstanding at March 31, 2018     743,727     $ 3.45       3.5  
                         
Exercisable at March 31, 2018     500,727     $ 5.09       3.0  
Warrant  
Schedule of Stock Option and Warrant Activity
   

Number of

Shares

    

Weighted

Average Exercise

Price

    

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Contract Term

(# years)

  
Outstanding at January 1, 2018     1,231,373     $ 7.44       1.4  
Granted     -       -       -  
Exercised     -       -       -  
Forfeited and cancelled     -       -       -  
                         
Outstanding at March 31, 2018     1,231,373     $ 7.44       1.2  
                         
Exercisable at March 31, 2018     1,231,373     $ 7.44       1.2  
XML 38 R27.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Tables)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Schedule Of Related Party Transactions
   

As of

March 31,

2018

    

As of

December 31,

2017

  
Accrued expenses   $ 1,994     $ 1,733  
Long-term notes payable – Secured Promissory Notes, net of discount of $919,000 and $1,148,000, respectively     16,543       15,930  
Long notes payable – Subordinated     11,831       11,483  
Total liabilities   $ 30,368     $ 29,146  
XML 39 R28.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
14. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Tables)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Level within the fair value hierarchy our financial instruments
    Fair Value Measurements At March 31, 2018  
    Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets     Significant Other Observable Inputs     Significant Unobservable Inputs     Total Carrying Value  
    (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)        
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock   $ -     $ -     $ 28,402     $ 28,402  
XML 40 R29.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
15. INCOME TAXES (Tables)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Effective income tax rate
   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

2018

    

Three Months Ended

March 31,

2017

  
             
U.S. federal statutory income tax     21.00 %     34.00 %
State and local income tax, net of benefits     6.64 %     4.63 %
Amortization of debt discount     (2.73 %)     (4.98 %)
Loss on write-off of cost method investment     0.00 %     0.00 %
Officer life insurance and D&O insurance     (0.13 %)     (0.19 %)
Stock-based compensation     (1.20 %)     (2.56 %)
Tax rate changes and other     0.00 %     0.00 %
Valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets     (23.58 %)     (30.90 %)
Effective income tax rate     0.00 %     0.00 %
                 
Deferred income taxes assets
Deferred Tax Assets  

March 31,

2018

    

December 31,

2017

  
Difference in depreciation, depletion, and capitalization methods – oil and natural gas properties   $ 3,617     $ 3,649  
Net operating loss – federal taxes     31,107       30,322  
Net operating loss – state taxes     5,644       5,398  
Total deferred tax asset     40,368       39,369  
                 
Less valuation allowance     (40,368 )     (39,369 )
Total deferred tax assets   $ -     $ -  
XML 41 R30.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Details    
Asset retirement obligation, beginning $ 477 $ 246
Accretion expense 19 22
Obligations incurred for acquisition 0 0
Changes in estimates 0 0
Asset retirement obligation, ending $ 496 $ 268
XML 42 R31.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Uninsured cash $ 618  
Options    
Potentially issuable shares of common stock 500,727 406,608
Warrant    
Potentially issuable shares of common stock 1,231,373 1,248,036
Conversion of Bridge Notes    
Potentially issuable shares of common stock 153,379 141,980
Customer 1 [Member]    
Percentage total oil and gas revenues 55.00% 63.00%
XML 43 R32.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
5. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS (Details)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
USD ($)
Total revenue from customers $ 644
Oil Sales  
Total revenue from customers 549
Natural Gas Sales  
Total revenue from customers 49
Natural Gas Liquids Sales  
Total revenue from customers $ 46
XML 44 R33.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
6. OIL AND GAS PROPERTIES (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Oil and gas properties, subject to amortization $ 68,306 $ 68,306
Oil and gas properties, not subject to amortization 0 0
Asset retirement costs 260 260
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and impairment (34,207) (33,644)
Total oil and gas assets 34,359 $ 34,922
Additions [Member]    
Oil and gas properties, subject to amortization 0  
Oil and gas properties, not subject to amortization 0  
Asset retirement costs 0  
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and impairment (563)  
Total oil and gas assets (563)  
Disposals [Member]    
Oil and gas properties, subject to amortization 0  
Oil and gas properties, not subject to amortization 0  
Asset retirement costs 0  
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and impairment 0  
Total oil and gas assets 0  
Transfers [Member]    
Oil and gas properties, subject to amortization 0  
Oil and gas properties, not subject to amortization 0  
Asset retirement costs 0  
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and impairment 0  
Total oil and gas assets $ 0  
XML 45 R34.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
6. OIL AND GAS PROPERTIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Oil And Gas Properties Details Narrative    
Depletion $ 563 $ 658
XML 46 R35.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
9. NOTES PAYABLE (Details (Narrative) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred interest $ 3,671   $ 3,195
Unamortized debt discount/premium 3,093   3,751
Tranche B Notes [Member]      
Amortization of debt discount 712 $ 2,386  
Tranche A Notes [Member]      
Aggregate principal amount 49,669    
Amortization of debt discount 831 1,604  
Bridge Note Financing [Member]      
Unamortized debt discount/premium 113   113
Interest expense 14 14  
MIE Jurassic Energy Corporation [Member]      
Aggregate principal amount 4,925    
Interest expense 123 123  
Subordinated Note Payable Assumed [Member]      
Aggregate principal amount 11,831   11,483
Interest expense 348 $ 308  
2016 RJC Subordinated Note Deferrals [Member]      
Aggregate principal amount 11,831   11,483
Deferred interest $ 1,657   $ 1,309
XML 47 R36.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
11. SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
Preferred stock shares authorized 100,000,000   100,000,000
Preferred stock shares par value $ 0.001   $ 0.001
Preferred stock shares outstanding 66,625   66,625
Common stock, par value $ 0.001   $ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized 200,000,000   200,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding 7,278,754   7,278,754
Stock compensation expense recorded related to restricted stock $ 166 $ 248  
Unamortized stock compensation expense $ 242    
XML 48 R37.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
12. STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS (Details) - Stock Options [Member]
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
$ / shares
shares
Number of Shares  
Number of Options Outstanding, Beginning | shares 743,727
Number of Options Granted | shares 0
Number of Options Exercised | shares 0
Number of Options Forfeited and cancelled | shares 0
Number of Options Outstanding, Ending | shares 743,727
Number of Options Exercisable | shares 500,727
Weighted Average Exercise Price  
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Beginning | $ / shares $ 3.45
Weighted Average Exercise Price Granted | $ / shares 0.00
Weighted Average Exercise Price Exercised | $ / shares 0.00
Weighted Average Exercise Price Forfeited and cancelled | $ / shares 0.00
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Ending | $ / shares 3.45
Weighted Average Exercise Price Exercisable | $ / shares $ 5.09
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)  
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Outstanding, Beginning 3 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Granted 3 years 6 months
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Outstanding, Ending 3 years
XML 49 R38.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
12. STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS (Details 1) - Warrant
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
$ / shares
shares
Number of Shares  
Number of Options Outstanding, Beginning | shares 1,231,373
Number of Options Granted | shares 0
Number of Options Exercised | shares 0
Number of Options Forfeited and cancelled | shares 0
Number of Options Outstanding, Ending | shares 1,231,373
Number of Options Exercisable | shares 1,231,373
Weighted Average Exercise Price  
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Beginning | $ / shares $ 7.44
Weighted Average Exercise Price Granted | $ / shares 0.00
Weighted Average Exercise Price Exercised | $ / shares 0.00
Weighted Average Exercise Price Forfeited and cancelled | $ / shares 0.00
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Ending | $ / shares 7.44
Weighted Average Exercise Price Exercisable | $ / shares $ 7.44
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)  
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Outstanding, Beginning 1 year 4 months 24 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Outstanding, Ending 1 year 2 months 12 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Exercisable 1 year 2 months 12 days
XML 50 R39.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
12. STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
Option      
Recognized stock option based compensation expense $ 17 $ 28  
Unamortized stock options expense $ 30    
2012 Incentive Plan      
Common stock authorized to issue 3,000,000   3,000,000
Restricted stock issued 2,296,130   2,296,130
Shares issued upon exercise 621,700   621,700
Shares remain available for future issuancce 82,170   82,170
XML 51 R40.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Details) - GGE [Member] - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Accrued expenses $ 1,994 $ 1,733
Long-term notes payable – Secured Promissory Notes, net of discount of $919,000 and $1,148,000, respectively 16,543 15,930
Long notes payable – Subordinated 11,831 11,483
Total liabilities $ 30,368 $ 29,146
XML 52 R41.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
14. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Details)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 31, 2018
USD ($)
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock $ 28,402
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)  
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)  
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)  
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock $ 28,402
XML 53 R42.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
15. INCOME TAXES (Details)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Taxes All Open Details    
U.S. federal statutory income tax 21.00% 34.00%
State and local income tax, net of benefits 6.64% 4.63%
Amortization of debt discount (2.73%) (4.98%)
Loss on write-off of cost method investment 0.00% 0.00%
Officer life insurance and D&O insurance (0.13%) (0.19%)
Stock-based compensation (1.20%) (2.56%)
Tax rate changes and other 0.00% 0.00%
Valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets (23.58%) (30.90%)
Effective income tax rate 0.00% 0.00%
XML 54 R43.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
15. INCOME TAXES (Details 1) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Mar. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities)    
Difference in depreciation, depletion, and capitalization methods – oil and natural gas properties $ 3,617 $ 3,649
Net operating loss – federal taxes 31,107 30,322
Net operating loss – state taxes 5,644 5,398
Total deferred tax asset 40,368 39,369
Less: valuation allowance (40,368) (39,369)
Total deferred tax assets $ 0 $ 0
XML 55 R44.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
15. INCOME TAXES (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]    
Net change in valuation allowance $ 999  
Federal net operating loss carryforwards 31,107 $ 30,322
State net operating loss carryforwards $ 5,644 $ 5,398
Federal net operating loss carryforwards, expiration date 2033  
State net operating loss carryforwards, expiration date 2023  
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