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Share-Based Payments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Share-based Payment Arrangement SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS
 
Omnibus Incentive Plan
 
Prudential Financial, Inc.’s Omnibus Incentive Plan provides stock-based awards including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock shares, restricted stock units, stock settled performance shares, and cash settled performance units. Dividend equivalents are generally provided on restricted stock shares and restricted stock units outstanding as of the record date. Dividend equivalents are generally accrued on target performance shares and units outstanding as of the record date. These dividend equivalents are paid only on the performance shares and units released up to a maximum of the target number of shares and units awarded. Generally, the requisite service period is the vesting period. There were 9,906,113 authorized shares available for grant under the Omnibus Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2020.

Assurance IQ Acquisition

The Company acquired Assurance IQ on October 10, 2019. The terms of the Acquisition included compensation awards that involved share-based payment arrangements that are linked to retention and therefore fall under the reporting requirements of ASC 718, Stock Compensation. These compensation awards include stock options, restricted stock units and performance shares.
 
Compensation Costs
 
Compensation cost for restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units granted to employees is measured by the share price of the underlying Common Stock at the date of grant.
 
Compensation cost for employee stock options is based on the fair values estimated on the grant date. Under the Omnibus Incentive Plan, the fair value of each stock option award is estimated using a binomial option pricing model on the date of grant for stock options issued to employees. For the Acquisition related awards, the fair value of each stock option award is based on its intrinsic value on the date of grant.

The weighted average grant date assumptions used in the binomial option valuation model are as follows:
202020192018
Expected volatility33.99 %34.63 %35.39 %
Expected dividend yield4.59 %4.26 %2.88 %
Expected term5.60 years5.54 years5.49 years
Risk-free interest rate1.42 %2.50 %2.64 %
 
Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of Prudential Financial’s Common Stock and implied volatilities from traded options on Prudential Financial’s Common Stock. The Company uses historical data and expectations of future exercise patterns to estimate option exercises and employee terminations within the valuation model. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods associated with the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
 
The following table summarizes the compensation cost recognized and the related income tax benefit for stock options, restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units for the years ended December 31: 
 202020192018
Omnibus Incentive Plan:Total
Compensation Cost
Recognized (1)
Income Tax
Benefit
Total
Compensation Cost
Recognized (1)
Income Tax
Benefit
Total
Compensation Cost
Recognized (1)
Income Tax
Benefit
 (in millions)
Employee stock options$11 $$11 $$13 $
Employee restricted stock units162 38 149 35 139 32 
Employee performance shares and performance units53 12 71 17 
Total$226 $53 $231 $55 $155 $36 
__________
(1) Compensation costs related to retirement eligible participants are recorded on the grant date (typically in the first quarter of every year).
2020
2019
Assurance IQ Acquisition:Total
Compensation Cost
Recognized
Income Tax
Benefit
Total
Compensation Cost
Recognized
Income Tax
Benefit
 (in millions)
Employee stock options$14 $$$
Employee restricted stock units
Employee performance shares
Total$16 $$$

Compensation costs related to stock-based compensation plans capitalized in deferred acquisition costs for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were de minimis.
 
Stock Options
 
Each stock option granted under the Omnibus Incentive Plan has an exercise price at the fair market value of Prudential Financial’s Common Stock on the date of grant and has a maximum term of 10 years. Generally, one third of the option grant vests in each of the first three years. Options granted related to the Acquisition have an exercise price based on the original strike price of the Assurance IQ options that they replaced and have a maximum term of 10 years from the date the Assurance IQ options were originally granted. Options granted related to the Acquisition generally vest quarterly over three years.
A summary of the status of the Company’s stock option grants is as follows:
 Employee Stock Options
Omnibus Incentive PlanAssurance IQ Acquisition
 SharesWeighted Average
Exercise Price
SharesWeighted Average
Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 20194,610,997 $76.26 547,192 $1.38 
Granted610,027 95.87 0.00 
Exercised(647,313)59.82 (142,638)0.51 
Forfeited0.00 (10,288)5.10 
Expired(9,859)78.45 0.00 
Outstanding at December 31, 20204,563,852 $81.21 394,266 $1.60 
Exercisable at December 31, 20203,427,197 $76.25 57,791 $4.02 
 
The weighted average grant date fair value of employee stock options granted under the Omnibus Incentive Plan during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $18.00, $20.02 and $27.11, respectively. For the Acquisition related awards, the weighted average grant date fair value of employee stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $86.31. No Acquisition related options were granted in 2020.  

The total intrinsic value (i.e., market price of the stock less the option exercise price) of employee stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $13 million, $21 million, and $28 million, respectively. For the Acquisition related awards, the total intrinsic value of employee stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $10 million and $3 million, respectively.
 
The weighted average remaining contractual term and the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2020 is as follows:
 
 Employee Stock Options
 Omnibus Incentive PlanAssurance IQ Acquisition
 Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
 (in years)(in millions)(in years)(in millions)
Outstanding4.47$32 7.44$30 
Exercisable3.46$32 7.39$
 
Restricted Stock Units, Performance Share Awards and Performance Unit Awards
 
A restricted stock unit is an unfunded, unsecured right to receive a share of Prudential Financial’s Common Stock at the end of a specified period of time, which is subject to forfeiture and transfer restrictions. Generally, the restrictions will lapse on the third anniversary of the date of grant. Performance shares and performance units are awards denominated in Prudential Financial’s Common Stock. The number of units is determined over the performance period and may be adjusted based on the satisfaction of certain performance goals for the Company. Performance share awards are payable in Prudential Financial’s Common Stock. Performance unit awards are payable in cash. Effective October 2019, the Company modified certain provisions of its long term compensation plan to settle the performance units component in Prudential Financial Common Stock. As a result, outstanding performance units were converted to performance shares except for certain employee directed deferrals in the deferred compensation plan which remain as performance units for the full life of the grant. Beginning in 2020, the Company no longer grants performance unit awards.
 
A summary of the Company’s restricted stock units, performance shares and performance unit awards under the Omnibus Incentive Plan is as follows:
 
Restricted
Stock
Units
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
Performance
Share and
Performance
Unit Awards(1)
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
Restricted at December 31, 2019(2)4,471,189 $102.25 1,822,886 $90.03 
Granted(2)1,922,202 93.88 671,994 95.42 
Forfeited(197,399)95.86 (16,118)65.17 
Performance adjustment(3)49,485 95.43 
Released(1,437,753)109.73 (622,607)90.23 
Restricted at December 31, 2020(2)4,758,239 $96.87 1,905,640 $92.07 
__________
(1)Performance share and performance unit awards reflect the target units awarded, reduced for forfeitures and releases to date. The actual number of units to be awarded at the end of each performance period will range between 0% and 125% of the target number of units granted, based upon a measure of the reported performance for the Company relative to stated goals. Performance awards granted to senior management in 2018 include a stated goal related to diversity & inclusion that can modify the performance result by +/- 10%.
(2)Effective October 1, 2019, the Company modified existing performance share and performance unit awards to remove features of the grants that prevent having a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of the award between the employee and employer until the grants vested. Consequently, the weighted average grant date fair value as of December 31, 2020 is the closing stock price of Prudential Financial’s common stock as of September 30, 2019. The weighted average grant date fair value as of December 31, 2018 is the closing stock price of Prudential Financial’s common stock as of December 31, 2019.
(3)Represents the difference between the target units granted and the actual units awarded based upon the attainment of performance goals for the Company.

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock units and performance share awards related to the Acquisition is as follows:
Restricted
Stock
Units
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
Performance
Share Awards(1)
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
Restricted at December 31, 2019125,788 $87.67 1,982,708 $89.81 
Granted0.00 112,949 63.30 
Forfeited(20,222)87.67 (29,662)85.30 
Performance adjustment(2)0.00 0.00 
Released(32,869)87.67 0.00 
Restricted at December 31, 202072,697 $87.67 2,065,995 $88.43 
__________
(1)Performance share awards related to the Assurance IQ acquisition reflect the maximum number of units that have been awarded under the terms of the acquisition. The actual number of units that will be awarded at the end of the performance period will range between 0% and 100% of the number of units granted, based upon a predetermined formula of achieving Variable Profits between $900 million and $1,300 million.
(2)Represents the difference between the target units granted and the actual units awarded based upon the attainment of performance goals for the Company.

The fair market value of restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units released under the Omnibus Incentive Plan for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $191 million, $255 million and $238 million, respectively. The fair market value of restricted stock units for the Acquisition related awards under the Omnibus Incentive Plan for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $2 million. There were no vested restricted stock units or performance shares related to the Acquisition for the year ended December 31, 2019.
 
The weighted average grant date fair value for restricted stock units granted under the Omnibus Incentive Plan during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $93.88, $93.35 and $106.32, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value for performance shares and performance units granted under the Omnibus Incentive Plan during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $95.42, $90.68 and $81.55, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value for restricted stock units granted for the Acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $87.67. No restricted units were granted in 2020. The weighted average grant date fair value for performance shares granted for the Acquisition during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $63.30 and $89.81 respectively .
  
Unrecognized Compensation Cost
 
Unrecognized compensation cost for stock options under the Omnibus Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2020 was $3 million with a weighted average recognition period of 1.57 years. Unrecognized compensation cost for restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units under the Omnibus Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2020 was $153 million with a weighted average recognition period of 1.68 years. Unrecognized compensation cost for stock options related to the Acquisition as of December 31, 2020 was $30 million with a weighted average recognition period of 2.16 years. Unrecognized
compensation cost for restricted stock units and performance shares related to the Acquisition as of December 31, 2020 was $7 million with a weighted average recognition period of 3.23 years.
 
Tax Benefits Realized
 
The Company’s tax benefit realized for exercises of stock options under the Omnibus Incentive Plan during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $3 million, $5 million and $7 million, respectively. The tax benefit realized for exercises of stock options related to the Acquisition during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $3 million and $2 million, respectively.
  
The Company’s tax benefit realized upon vesting of restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units under the Omnibus Incentive Plan for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $44 million, $52 million and $49 million, respectively. The tax benefit realized upon vesting of restricted stock units and performance shares related to the Acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $1 million. There were no vested restricted stock units or performance shares related to the Acquisition for the year ended December 31, 2019.
 
Settlement of Awards
 
The Company’s policy is to issue shares from Common Stock held in treasury upon exercise of stock options, the release of restricted stock units and performance shares. The Company uses cash to settle performance units. The amount of cash used to settle performance units during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $2 million, $32 million and $29 million, respectively.