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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES
 
The Company uses a full year projected effective tax rate approach to calculate year-to-date taxes. In addition, certain items impacting total income tax expense are recorded in the periods in which they occur. The projected effective tax rate is the ratio of projected “Total income tax expense” divided by projected “Income before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures.” Taxes attributable to operating joint ventures are recorded within “Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures, net of taxes.” The interim period tax expense (or benefit) is the difference between the year-to-date income tax provision and the amounts reported for the previous interim periods of the fiscal year.

The Company’s income tax provision, on a consolidated basis, amounted to an income tax expense of $1,320 million, or 24.6% of income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures, in the first nine months of 2017, compared to $1,300 million, or 24.1%, in the first nine months of 2016. The Company’s current and prior effective tax rates differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 35% primarily due to non-taxable investment income, tax credits and foreign earnings taxed at lower rates than the U.S. statutory rate. In addition, the first nine months of 2017 also includes a $39 million tax benefit as a result of the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-09 regarding employee share-based payments. Under prior guidance, such tax benefits related to employee share-based payments would have been reported in “Additional paid-in capital.” See Note 2 for additional information.