EX-3.(II) 9 ex3-3_2003.txt Exhibit 3.3 Form SB-2 Ogden Golf Co. Corporation BYLAWS OF OGDEN GOLF CO. CORPORATION E-50 TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLE I. OFFICES......................................................... 1 ss. 1.1. Business Office............................................... 1 ss. 1.2. Registered Office............................................. 1 ARTICLE II. SHAREHOLDERS................................................... 1 ss. 2.1. Annual Shareholder Meeting.................................... 1 ss. 2.2. Special Shareholder Meetings.................................. 1 ss. 2.3. Place of Shareholder Meeting.................................. 1 ss. 2.4. Notice of Shareholder Meeting................................. 1 ss. 2.5. Fixing of Record Date......................................... 3 ss. 2.6. Shareholder List.............................................. 3 ss. 2.7. Shareholder Quorum and Voting Requirements.................... 4 ss. 2.8. Proxies....................................................... 4 ss. 2.9. Voting of Shares.............................................. 4 ss. 2.10. Corporation's Acceptance of Votes............................. 5 ss. 2.11. Informal Action by Shareholders............................... 6 ss. 2.12. Voting for Directors.......................................... 6 ss. 2.13. Shareholder's Rights to Inspect Corporate Records............. 6 ss. 2.14. Financial Statements Shall Be Furnished to the Shareholders... 8 ss. 2.15. Dissenters' Rights............................................. 8 ARTICLE III. BOARD OF DIRECTORS............................................. 8 ss. 3.1. General Powers................................................. 8 ss. 3.2. Number, Tenure, and Qualifications of Directors................ 8 ss. 3.3. Regular Meetings of the Board of Directors..................... 8 ss. 3.4. Special Meetings of the Board of Directors..................... 9 ss. 3.5. Notice of, and Waiver of Notice for, Special Director Meeting.. 9 ss. 3.6. Director Quorum................................................ 9 ss. 3.7. Directors, Manner of Acting.................................... 9 ss. 3.8. Director Action Without a Meeting.............................. 10 ss. 3.9. Removal of Directors........................................... 10 ss. 3.10. Board of Director Vacancies.................................... 10 ss. 3.11. Director Compensation.......................................... 10 ss. 3.12. Director Committees............................................ 11 ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS........................................................ 12 E-51 ss. 4.1. Number of Officers............................................. 12 ss. 4.2. Appointment and Term of Office................................. 12 ss. 4.3. Removal of Officers............................................ 12 ss. 4.4. President...................................................... 12 ss. 4.5. The Vice-Presidents............................................ 12 ss. 4.6. The Secretary.................................................. 13 ss. 4.7. The Treasurer.................................................. 13 ss. 4.8. Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers................. 13 ss. 4.9. Salaries....................................................... 13 ARTICLE V. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, AGENTS AND EMPLOYEES..................................................... 13 ss. 5.1. Indemnification of Directors................................... 13 ss. 5.2. Advance Expenses for Directors................................. 14 ss. 5.3. Indemnification of Officers, Agents, and Employees Who Are Not Directors.................................................... 15 ARTICLE VI. CERTIFICATE FOR SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER....................... 15 ss. 6.1. Certificates for Shares........................................ 15 ss. 6.2. Shares Without Certificates.................................... 16 ss. 6.3. Registration of the Transfer of Shares......................... 16 ss. 6.4. Restrictions on Transfer of Shares Permitted................... 16 ss. 6.5. Acquisition of Shares.......................................... 17 ARTICLE VII. DISTRIBUTIONS.................................................. 17 ss. 7.1. Distributions.................................................. 17 ARTICLE VIII. GENERAL PROVISIONS............................................ 18 ss. 8.1. Corporate Seal................................................. 18 ss. 8.2. Fiscal Year.................................................... 18 ss. 8.3. Evidence of Authority.......................................... 18 ss. 8.4. Articles of Incorporation...................................... 18 ss. 8.5. Pronouns....................................................... 18 ARTICLE IX. EMERGENCY BYLAWS............................................... 18 ss. 9.1. Emergency Bylaws............................................... 18 ARTICLE X. AMENDMENTS....................................................... 19 ss. 10.1. Amendments..................................................... 19 E-52 BYLAWS OF OGDEN CO. CORPORATION ARTICLE I. OFFICES ss. 1.1. Business Office. The Principal office of the corporation shall be located at any place either within or outside the State of Utah as designated in the company's most current Annual Report filed with the Department of Commerce of the State of Utah. The corporation may have such other offices, either within or without the State of Utah as the Board of Directors may designate or as the business of the corporation may require from time to time. The corporation shall maintain at its principal office a copy of certain records, as specified in ss. 2.13 of Article II. ss. 1.2. Registered Office. The registered office of the corporation, required by ss.16-10a-501, Utah Code Ann., shall be located within the State of Utah and may be, but need not be, identical with the principal office of the corporation. The address of the registered office may be changed from time to time. ARTICLE II. SHAREHOLDERS ss. 2.1. Annual Shareholder Meeting. The annual meeting of the shareholders shall be held at such time and on such date as shall be fixed by the Board of Directors, for the purpose of electing directors and for the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting. ss. 2.2. Special Shareholder Meetings. Special meetings of the shareholders, for any purpose or purposes, described in the notice of meeting, may be called by the president, or by the Board of Directors or by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, and shall be called by the President at the request of the holders of not less than one-tenth of all outstanding votes of the corporation entitled to be cast on any issue at the meeting. ss. 2.3. Place of Shareholder Meeting. The Board of Directors may designate any place, either within or outside of the State of Utah as the place of meeting for any Annual or any Special Meeting of the Shareholders. ss. 2.4. Notice of Shareholder Meeting. A. Required Notice. Written notice stating the place, day and hour of any annual or special shareholder meeting shall be delivered not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting, either personally or by mail, by or at the direction of the President, the Board of Directors, or other persons calling the meeting, to each shareholder of record, entitled to vote at such meeting and to any other shareholder entitled by the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act or the Articles of Incorporation to receive notice of the meeting. Notice shall be deemed to be effective at the earlier of: (1) when deposited in the United States mail, addressed to the shareholder at his address as it appears on the stock transfer books of the corporation, with postage thereon prepaid; (2) E-53 on the date shown on the return receipt if sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, and the receipt is signed by or on behalf of the addressee; (3) when received; or (4) 5 days after deposit in the United States mail, if mailed postpaid and correctly addressed to an address other than that shown in the corporation's current record of shareholders. B. Adjourned Meeting. If any shareholder meeting is adjourned to a different date, time, or place, notice need not be given of the new date, time, and place, if the new date, time, and place is announced at the meeting before adjournment and such new date is within thirty (30) days from the originally scheduled meeting date. If a new record date for the adjourned meeting is, or must be fixed then notice must be given pursuant to the requirements of paragraph (a) of this ss. 2.4, to those persons who are shareholders as of the new record date. C. Waiver of Notice. The shareholder may waive notice of the meeting (or any notice required by the Act, Articles of Incorporation, or Bylaws), by a writing signed by the shareholder entitled to the notice, which is delivered to the corporation (either before or after the date and time stated in the notice) for inclusion in the minutes or filing with the corporate records. A shareholder's attendance at a meeting: 1. waives objection to lack of notice or defective notice of the meeting, unless the shareholder at the beginning of the meeting objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting; 2. waives objection to consideration of a particular matter at the meeting that is not within the purpose or purposes described in the meeting notice, unless the shareholder objects to considering the matter when it is presented. D. Contents of Notice. The notice of each special shareholder meeting shall include a description of the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Except as provided in this ss. 2.4(d), or as provided in the corporation's Articles of Incorporation, or otherwise in the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act, the notice of an Annual Shareholder Meeting need not include a description of the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. If a purpose of any shareholder meeting is to consider either: (1) a proposed amendment to the Articles of Incorporation (including any Restated Articles requiring shareholder approval); (2) a plan of merger or share exchange; (3) the sale, lease, exchange or other disposition of all, or substantially all of the corporation's property; (4) the dissolution of the corporation; or (5) the removal of a director, the notice must so state and be accompanied by respectively a copy or summary of the: (1) Articles of Amendment; (2) Plan of Merger or Share Exchange; or (3) transaction for disposition of all the corporation's property. If the proposed corporate action created dissenters' rights, the notice must state that shareholders are, or may be entitled to assert dissenters' rights, and must be accompanied by a copy of Part 13 of Utah Revised Business Corporation Act. If the corporation issues, or authorizes theissuance of shares for E-54 promissory notes or for promises to render services in the future, the corporation shall report in writing to all the shareholders the number of shares authorized or issued, and the consideration received with or before the notice of the next shareholder meeting. Likewise, if the corporation indemnifies or advances expenses to a director, this shall be reported to all the shareholders with or before notice of the next shareholder's meeting. ss. 2.5. Fixing of Record Date. For the purpose of determining shareholders of any voting group entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders, or shareholders entitled to receive payment of any distribution or dividend, or in order to make a determination of shareholders for any other proper purpose, the Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as the record date. Such record date shall not be more than 70 days prior to the date on which the meeting or the particular action, requiring such determination of shareholders is to be taken. If no record date is so fixed by the Board for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at a meeting of shareholders, or shareholders entitled to receive a share dividend or distribution, the record date for determination of such shareholders shall be at the close of business on: 1. With respect to an Annual Shareholder Meeting or any Special Shareholder Meeting called by the Board of Directors or any person specifically authorized by the Board or these Bylaws to call a meeting, the day before the first notice is delivered to shareholders; 2. With respect to a Special Shareholder's Meeting demanded by the shareholders, the date the first shareholder signs the demand; 3. With respect to the payment of a share dividend, the date the board authorizes the share dividend; 4. With respect to actions taken in writing without a meeting (pursuant to Article II, ss. 2.11), the date the first shareholder signs a consent; 5. And with respect to a distribution to shareholders, (other than one involving a repurchase or reacquisition of shares), the date the Board authorizes the distribution. When a determination of shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders has been made as provided in this section, such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date which it must do if the meeting is adjourned to a date more than 120 days after the date fixed for the original meeting. ss. 2.6. Shareholder List. The officer or agent having charge of the stock transfer books for shares of the corporation shall make a complete record of the shareholders entitled to vote at each meeting of shareholders thereof, arranged in alphabetical order, with the address of and the number of shares held by each. The list must be arranged by voting group (if such exists, see Art. II. ss. 2.7) and within each voting group by class or series of shares. The E-55 shareholder list must be available for inspection by any shareholder, beginning two business days after notice of the meeting is given for which the list was prepared and continuing through the meeting. The list shall be available in the corporation's principal office or at a place identified in the meeting notice in the city where the meeting is to be held. A shareholder, his agent, or attorney is entitled on written demand to inspect and, subject to the requirements of ss. 2.13 of this Article II, to copy the list during regular business hours and at his expense, during the period it is available for inspection. The corporation shall maintain the shareholder list in written form or in another form capable of conversion into written form within a reasonable time. ss. 2.7. Shareholder Quorum and Voting Requirements. If the Articles of Incorporation or the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act provides for voting by a single voting group on a matter, action on that matter is taken when voted upon by that voting group. Shares entitled to vote as a separate voting group may take action on a matter at a meeting only if a quorum of those shares exists with respect to that matter. Unless the Articles of Incorporation, the Bylaws, or the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act provide otherwise, a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter by the voting group constitutes a quorum of that voting group for action on that matter. If the Articles of Incorporation or the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act provide for voting by two or more voting groups on a matter, action on that matter is taken only when voted upon by each of those voting groups counted separately. Action may be taken by one voting group on a matter even though no action is taken by another voting group entitled to vote on the matter. Once a share is represented for any purpose at a meeting, it is deemed present for quorum purposes for the remainder of the meeting and for any adjournment of that meeting unless a new record date is or must be set for that adjourned meeting. If a quorum exists, action on a matter (other than the election of directors) by a voting group is approved if the votes cast within the voting group favoring the action exceed the votes cast opposing the action. ss. 2.8. Proxies. At all meetings of shareholders, a shareholder may vote in person, or by a proxy which is executed in writing by the shareholder or which is executed by his duly authorized attorney-in-fact. Such proxy shall be filed with the Secretary of the corporation or other person authorized to tabulate votes before or at the time of the meeting. No proxy shall be valid after 11 months from the date of its execution unless otherwise provided in the proxy. A shareholder may appoint a proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a telegram, teletype, telecopy or other electronic transmission. ss. 2.9. Voting of Shares. Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, each outstanding share shall be entitled to one vote upon each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of shareholders. E-56 Except as provided by specific court order, no shares held by another corporation, if a majority of the shares entitled to vote for the election of directors of such other corporation are held by the corporation, shall be voted at any meeting or counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time for purposes of any meeting. Provided, however, the prior sentence shall not limit the power of the corporation to vote any shares, including its own shares, held by it in a fiduciary capacity. Redeemable shares are not entitled to vote after notice of redemption is mailed to the holders and a sum sufficient to redeem the shares has been deposited with a bank, trust company, or other financial institution under an irrevocable obligation to pay the holders the redemption price on surrender of the shares. ss. 2.10. Corporation's Acceptance of Votes. A. If the name signed on a vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment corresponds to the name of a shareholder, the corporation if acting in good faith, is entitled to accept the vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment and give it effect as the act of the shareholder. B. If the name signed on a vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment does not correspond to the name of its shareholder, the corporation, if acting in good faith, is nevertheless entitled to accept the vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment and give it effect as the act of the shareholder if: 1. the shareholder is an entity and the name signed purports to be that of an officer or agent of the entity; 2. the name signed purports to be that of an administrator, executor, guardian, or conservator representing the shareholder and, if the corporation requests, evidence of fiduciary status acceptable to the corporation has been presented with respect to the vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment; 3. the name signed purports to be that of a receiver or trustee in bankruptcy of the shareholder and, if the corporation requests, evidence of this status acceptable to the corporation has been presented with respect to the vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment; 4. the name signed purports to be that of a pledgee, beneficial owner, or attorney-in-fact of the shareholder and, if the corporation requests, evidence acceptable to the corporation of the signatory's authority to sign for the shareholder has been presented with respect to the vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment; or E-57 5. two or more persons are the shareholder as co-tenants or fiduciaries and the name signed purports to be the name of at lease one of the co-owners and the person signing appears to be acting on behalf of all the co-owners. C. The corporation is entitled to reject a vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment if the secretary or other officer or agent authorized to tabulate votes, acting in good faith, has reasonable basis for doubt about the validity of the signature on it or about the signatory's authority to sign for the shareholder. D. The corporation and its officer or agent who accepts or rejects a vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment in good faith and in accordance with the standards of this section, are not liable in damages to the shareholder for the consequences of the acceptance or rejection. E. Corporate action based on the acceptance or rejection of a vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment under this section is valid unless a court of competent jurisdiction determines otherwise. ss. 2.11. Informal Action by Shareholders. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the shareholders may be taken without a meeting if one or more consents in writing, setting forth the action, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding shares having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take the action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. If written consents of less than all the shareholders have been obtained, notice of such shareholder approval by written consent shall be given at least ten (10) days before the consummation of the action authorized by such written consent to those shareholders entitled to vote who have not consented in writing and to any non-voting shareholders. Such notice shall contain or be accompanied by the same material that would have been required if a formal meeting had been called to consider the action. A consent signed under this section has the effect of a vote at a meeting and may be described as such in any document. ss. 2.12. Voting for Directors. Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the shares entitled to vote in the election at a meeting at which a quorum is present. Shareholders do not have a right to cumulate their votes. ss. 2.13. Shareholder's Rights to Inspect Corporate Records. A. Minutes and Accounting Records. The corporation shall keep as permanent records minutes of all meetings of its shareholders and Board of Directors, a record of all actions taken by the shareholders or board of directors without a meeting, and a record of all actions taken by a committee of the Board of Directors. The corporation shall maintain appropriate accounting records. B. Absolute Inspection Rights of Records Required at Principal Office. If he gives the corporation written notice of his demand at least five E-58 business days before the date on which he wishes to inspect and copy, a shareholder (or his agent or attorney) has the right to inspect and copy, during regular business hours any of the following records, all of which the corporation is required to keep at its principal office: 1. its Articles or Restated Articles of Incorporation and all amendments to them currently in effect; 2. its Bylaws or Restated Bylaws and all amendments to them currently in effect; 3. resolutions adopted by its Board of Directors creating one or more classes or series of shares, and fixing their relative rights, preferences, and limitations, if shares issued pursuant to those resolutions are outstanding; 4. the minutes of all shareholders' meetings, and records of all action taken by shareholders without a meeting, for the past three years; 5. all written communications to shareholders generally within the past three years, including the financial statements furnished for the past three years to the shareholders; 6. a list of the names and business addresses of its current directors and officers; and 7. its most recent Annual Report delivered to the Department of Commerce. C. Conditional Inspection. In addition, if he gives the corporation a written demand made in good faith and for a proper purpose at least five business days before the date on which he wishes to inspect and copy, in which he describes with reasonable particularity his purpose and the records he desires to inspect, and the records are directly connected with his purpose, a shareholder of the corporation (or his agent or attorney) is entitled to inspect and copy, during regular business hours at a reasonable location specified by the corporation, any of the following records of the corporation: 1. excerpts from minutes of any meeting of the Board of Directors, records of any action of the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors on behalf of the corporation, minutes of any meeting of the shareholders, and records of action taken by the shareholders or Board of Directors and without a meeting, to the extent not subject to inspection under paragraph A of this ss. 2.13. 2. accounting records of the corporation; and E-59 3. the record of shareholders (compiled no earlier than the date of the shareholder's demand). D. Copy Costs. The right to copy records includes, if reasonable, the right to receive copies made by photographic, xerographic, or other means. The corporation may impose a reasonable charge, covering the costs of labor and material, for copies of any documents provided to the shareholder. The charge may not exceed the estimated cost of production or reproduction of the records. E. Shareholder Includes Beneficial Owner. For purposes of this ss. 2.13, the terms "shareholder" shall include a beneficial owner whose shares are held in a voting trust or by a nominee on his behalf. ss. 2.14. Financial Statements Shall Be Furnished to the Shareholders. Upon the written request of any shareholder, the corporation shall mail to him its most recent annual or quarterly financial statements. ss. 2.15. Dissenters' Rights. Each shareholder shall have the right to dissent from and obtain payment for his shares when so authorized by the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act, Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws, or in a resolution of the Board of Directors. ARTICLE III. BOARD OF DIRECTORS ss. 3.1. General Powers. All corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the authority of, and the business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Directors. ss. 3.2. Number, Tenure, and Qualifications of Directors. The number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be determined by resolution of the stockholders or the resolution of the Board of Directors, but in no event shall be less than three, provided, however, that in the event the number of shareholders of the Company is less than three the number of directors may be less than three but must be equal to or more than the number of shareholders. The number of directors may be increased by resolution of the shareholders or the Board of Directors. The number of directors may be decreased at any time either by the shareholders or by a majority of the directors then in office, but only to eliminate vacancies existing by reason of the death, resignation, removal or expiration of the term of one or more directors. Each director shall hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until removed. However, if his term expires, he shall continue to serve until his successor shall have been elected and qualified or until there is a decrease in the number of directors. Directors need not be residents of the State of Utah or shareholders of the corporation. ss. 3.3. Regular Meetings of the Board of Directors. A regular meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held without other notice than this bylaw immediately after, and at the same place as, the Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The Board of Directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place for the E-60 holding of addition regular meetings without other notice than such resolution. Any such regular meeting may be held by telephone. ss. 3.4. Special Meetings of the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by or at the request of the President or any one director. The person authorized to call Special Meetings of the Board of Directors may fix any place, (but only within the county where this corporation has its principal office) as the place for holding any Special Meeting of the Board of Directors, or such meeting may be held by telephone. ss. 3.5. Notice of, and Waiver of Notice for, Special Director Meeting. Notice of any special director meeting shall be given at least two days previously thereto either orally or in writing. If mailed, notice of any director meeting shall be deemed to be effective at the earlier of: (1) when received; (2) five days after deposited in the United States mail, addressed to the director's business office, with postage thereon prepaid; or (3) the date shown on the return receipt if sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, and the receipt is signed by or on behalf of the director. Any director may waive notice of any meeting. Except as provided in the next sentence, the waiver must be in writing, signed by the director entitled to the notice, and filed with the minutes or corporate records. The attendance of a director at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a director attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business and at the beginning of the meeting (or promptly upon his arrival) objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting, and does not thereafter vote for or abstain to action taken at the meeting. Unless required by the Articles of Incorporation, neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any Special Meeting of the Board of Directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting. ss. 3.6. Director Quorum. A majority of the whole Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the Board of Directors. ss. 3.7. Directors, Manner of Acting. The act of the majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present when the vote is taken shall be the act of the Board of Directors. Unless the Articles of Incorporation provide otherwise, any or all directors may participate in a regular or special meeting by, or conduct the meeting through the use of, any means of communication by which all directors participating may hear each other during the meeting. A director participating in a meeting by this means is deemed to be present in person at the meeting. A director who is present at a meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors when corporate action is taken is deemed to have assented to the action taken unless: (1) he objects at the beginning of the meeting (or promptly upon his arrival) to holding it or transacting business at the meeting; or (2) his dissent or abstention from the action taken is entered in the minutes of the meeting; or (3) he delivers written notice of his dissent or abstention to the presiding officer of the meeting before its adjournment or E-61 to the corporation immediately after adjournment of the meeting. The right of dissent or abstention is not available to a director who votes in favor of the action taken. ss. 3.8. Director Action Without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent to the action in writing, and the written consents are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. ss. 3.9. Removal of Directors. The shareholders may remove one or more directors at a meeting called for that purpose if notice has been given that a purpose of the meeting is such removal. The removal may be with or without cause. A director may be removed only if the number of votes cast to remove him exceeds the number of votes cast not to remove him. ss. 3.10. Board of Director Vacancies. If a vacancy occurs on the Board of Directors, including a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of directors: (1) the shareholders may fill the vacancy; (2) the Board of Directors may fill the vacancy; or (3) if the directors remaining in office constitute fewer than a quorum of the Board, they may fill the vacancy by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the directors remaining in office. A vacancy that will occur at a specific later date (by reason of a resignation effective at a later date) may be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new director may not take office until the vacancy occurs. The term of a director elected to fill a vacancy expires at the next shareholders' meeting at which directors are elected. However, if his term expires, he shall continue to serve until his successor is elected and qualifies or until there is a decrease in the number of directors. ss. 3.11. Director Compensation. Unless otherwise provided by resolution of the Board of Directors, each director may be paid his expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors, and may be paid a stated salary as director or a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or both. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the corporation in any capacity and receiving compensation therefor. E-62 ss. 3.12. Director Committees. (a) Creation of Committees. The Board of Directors may create one or more committees and appoint members of the Board of Directors to serve on them. Each committee must have two or more members, who serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. (b) Selection of Members. The creation of a committee and appointment of members to it must be approved by a majority of all the directors in office when the action is taken. (c) Required Procedures. Sections 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, and 3.8 of this Article III, which govern meetings, action without meetings, notice and waiver of notice, quorum and voting requirements of the Board of Directors, apply to committees and their members. (d) Authority. Each committee may exercise those aspects of the authority of the Board of Directors which the Board of Directors confers upon such committee in the resolution creating the committee. Provided, however, a committee may not: (1) authorize distributions; (2) approve or propose to shareholders action that the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act requires to be approved by shareholders; (3) fill vacancies on the Board of Directors or on any of its committees; (4) amend the Articles of Incorporation pursuant to the authority of directors to do so granted by ss.16-10a-1002 of the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act. (5) adopt, amend, or repeal Bylaws; (6) approve a plan of merger not requiring shareholder approval; (7) authorize or approve reacquisition of shares, except according to a formula or method prescribed by the Board of Directors; or (8) authorize or approve the issuance or sale or contract for sale of shares or determine the designation and relative rights, preferences, and limitations of a class or series of shares, except that the board of directors may authorize a committee (or a senior executive officer of the corporation) to do so within limits specifically prescribed by the Board of Directors. E-63 ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS ss. 4.1. Number of Officers. The officers of the corporation shall be a President, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, each of whom shall be appointed by the Board of Directors. Such other officers and assistant officers as may be deemed necessary, including any vice-presidents, may be appointed by the Board of Directors. If specifically authorized by the Board of Directors, an officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant officers. The same individual may simultaneously hold more than one office in the corporation. ss. 4.2. Appointment and Term of Office. The officers of the corporation shall be appointed by the Board of Directors for a term as determined by the Board of Directors. (The designation of a specified term grants to the officer no contract rights, and the board can remove the officer at any time prior to the termination of such term.) If no term is specified, an officer shall hold office until he resigns, dies, or until he is removed in the manner provided in ss. 4.3 of this Article IV. ss. 4.3. Removal of Officers. Any officer or agent may be removed by the Board of Directors at any time, with or without cause. Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Appointment of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights. ss. 4.4. President. The President shall be the principal executive officer of the corporation and subject to the control of the Board of Directors, shall in general supervise and control all of the business and affairs of the corporation. He shall, when present, preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors. He may sign, with the Secretary or any other proper officer of the corporation authorized by the Board of Directors, certificates for shares of the corporation and deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, or other instruments which the Board of Directors has authorized to be executed, except in cases where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the corporation, or shall be required by law to be otherwise signed or executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of President and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time. ss. 4.5. The Vice-Presidents. If appointed, in the absence of the President or in the event of his death, inability or refusal to act, the Vice-President (or in the event there be more than one Vice-President, the Vice-Presidents in the order designated at the time of their election, or in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their appointment) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. (If there is no Vice-President, then the Treasurer shall perform such duties of the President.) Any Vice-President may sign, with the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, certificates for shares of the corporation the issuance of which have been authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors; and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the President or by the Board of Directors. E-64 ss. 4.6. The Secretary. The Secretary shall: (a) keep the minutes of the proceedings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors in one or more minute books provided for that purpose; (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws or as required by law; (c) be custodian of the corporate records and of any seal of the corporation and if there is a seal of the corporation, see that it is affixed to all documents the execution of which on behalf of the corporation under its seal is duly authorized; (d) when requested or required, authenticate any records of the corporation; (e) keep a register of the post office address of each shareholder which shall be furnished to the Secretary by such shareholder; (f) sign with the President, or a Vice-President, certificates for shares of the corporation, the issuance of which shall have been authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors; (g) have general charge of the stock transfer books of the corporation; and (h) in general perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the President or by the Board of Directors. ss. 4.7. The Treasurer. The Treasurer shall: (a) have charge and custody of and be responsible for all funds and securities of the corporation; (b) receive and give receipts for moneys due and payable to the corporation from any source whatsoever, and deposit all such moneys in the name of the corporation in such banks, trust companies, or other depositories as shall be selected by the Board of Directors; and (c) in general perform all of the duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the President or by the Board of Directors. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of his duties in such sum and with such surety or sureties as the Board of Directors shall determine. ss. 4.8. Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers. The Assistant Secretaries, when authorized by the Board of Directors, may sign with the President or a Vice-President certificates for shares of the corporation the issuance of which shall have been authorized by a resolution of the Board of Directors. The assistant treasurers shall respectively, if required by the Board of Directors. The Assistant Treasurers shall respectively, if required the Board of Directors, give bonds for the faithful discharge of their duties in such sums and with such sureties as the Board of Directors shall determine. The Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers, in general, shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them by the Secretary or the Treasurer, respectively, or by the President or the Board of Directors. ss. 4.9. Salaries. The salaries of the officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors. ARTICLE V. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, AGENTS AND EMPLOYEES ss. 5.1. Indemnification of Directors. The corporation shall indemnify any individual made a party to a proceeding because he is or was a director of the corporation, against liability incurred in the proceeding, but only if the corporation has authorized the payment in accordance with ss.16-10a-906 of the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act and a determination has been made in E-65 accordance with the procedures set forth in such ss.16-10a-906 that the director met the standards of conduct in paragraph (a), (b) and (c) below. A. Standard of Conduct. The individual shall demonstrate that: (1) he conducted himself in good faith; and (2) he reasonably believed that his conduct was in, or not opposed to, the corporation's best interests; (3) in the case of any criminal proceeding, he had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. B. No Indemnification Permitted in Certain Circumstances. The Corporation shall not indemnify a director under this ss. 5.1 of Article V: (1) in connection with a proceeding by or in the right of the corporation in which the director was adjudged liable to the corporation; or (2) in connection with any other proceeding charging improper personal benefit to him, whether or not involving action in his official capacity, in which he was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received by him. C. Indemnification in Derivative Actions Limited. Indemnification permitted under this ss. 5.1 of Article V in connection with a proceeding by or in the right of the corporation is limited to reasonable expenses incurred in connection with the proceeding. ss. 5.2. Advance Expenses for Directors. If a determination is made, following the procedures of ss. 16-10a-906 of the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act that the director has met the following requirements; and if an authorization of payment is made, following the procedures and standards set forth in ss. 16-10a-906, then unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, the company shall pay for or reimburse the reasonable expenses incurred by a director who is a party to a proceeding in advance of final disposition of the proceeding if: (1) The director furnishes the corporation a written affirmation of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct described in ss. 5.1 of this Article V. (2) the director furnishes the corporation a written undertaking, executed personally or on his belief, to repay the advance if it is ultimately determined that he did not meet the standard of conduct (which undertaking must be in unlimited general obligation of the director E-66 but need not be secured and may be accepted without reference to financial ability to make repayment); and (3) a determination is made that the facts then known to those making the determination would not preclude indemnification under ss. 5.1 of this Article V or under the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act. ss. 5.3. Indemnification of Officers, Agents, and Employees Who Are Not Directors. Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, the Board of Directors may indemnify and advance expenses to any officer, employee, or agent of the corporation, who is not a director of the corporation, to any extent consistent with public policy, as determined by the general or specific action of the Board of Directors. ARTICLE VI. CERTIFICATE FOR SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER ss. 6.1. Certificates for Shares. (a) Content. Certificates representing shares of the corporation shall at minimum, state on their face the name of the corporation and that it is formed under the laws of Utah; the name of the person to whom issued; and the number and class of shares and the designation of the series, if any, the certificate represents; and be in such form as determined by the Board of Directors. Such certificates shall be signed (either manually or by facsimile) by the President or a Vice-President and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary and may be sealed with a corporate seal or a facsimile thereof. Each certificate for shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified. (b) Legend as to Class or Series. If the corporation is authorized to issue different classes of shares or different series within a class, the designation, relative rights, preferences, and limitations applicable to each class and the variations in rights, preferences, and limitations determined for each series (and the authority of the Board of Directors to determine variations for future series) must be summarized on the front or back of each certificate. Alternatively, each certificate may state conspicuously on its front or back that the corporation will furnish the shareholder this information on request in writing and without charge. (c) Shareholder List. The name and address of the person to whom the shares represented thereby are issued, with the number of shares and date of issue, shall be entered on the stock transfer books of the corporation. (d) Transferring Shares. All certificates surrendered to the corporation for transfer shall be canceled and no new certificate shall be issued until the former certificate for a like number of shares shall have been surrendered and canceled, except that in case of a lost, destroyed, or mutilated certificate a new one may be issued therefor upon such terms and indemnity to the corporation as the Board of Directors may prescribe. E-67 ss. 6.2. Shares Without Certificates. (a) Issuing Shares Without Certificates. Unless the Articles of Incorporation provide otherwise, the Board of Directors may authorize the issue of some or all the shares of any or all of its classes or series without certificates. The authorization does not affect shares already represented by certificates until they are surrendered to the corporation. (b) Information Statement Required. Within a reasonable time after the issue or transfer of shares without certificates, the corporation shall send the shareholder a written statement containing at minimum: (1) the name of the issuing corporation and that it is organized under the law of the state of Utah; (2) the name of the person to whom issued; and (3) the number and class of shares and the designation of the series, if any, of the issued shares. If the corporation is authorized to issue different classes of shares or different series within a class, the written statement shall describe the designations, relative rights, preferences, and limitations applicable to each class and the variation in rights, preferences, and limitations determined for each series (and the authority of the Board of Directors to determine variations for future series). ss. 6.3. Registration of the Transfer of Shares. Registration of the transfer of shares of the corporation shall be made only on the stock transfer books of the corporation. In order to register a transfer, the record owner shall surrender the shares to the corporation for cancellation, properly endorsed by the appropriate person or persons with reasonable assurances that the endorsements are genuine and effective. Unless the corporation has established a procedure by which a beneficial owner of shares held by a nominee is to be recognized by the corporation as the owner, the person in whose name the shares stand on the books of the corporation shall be deemed by the corporation to be the owner thereof for all purposes. ss. 6.4. Restrictions on Transfer of Shares Permitted. The Board of Directors (or shareholders) may impose restrictions on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares (including any security convertible into, or carrying a right to subscribe for or acquire shares). A restriction does not affect shares issued before the restriction was adopted unless the holders of the shares are parties to the restriction agreement or voted in favor of the restriction. A restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares may be authorized: E-68 (1) to maintain the corporation's status when it is dependent on the number or identity of its shareholders' (2) to preserve exemptions under federal or state securities law; (3) for any other reasonable purpose. A restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer or shares may: (1) obligate the shareholder first to offer the corporation or other persons (separately, consecutively, or simultaneously) an opportunity to acquire the restricted shares; (2) obligate the corporation or other persons (separately, consecutively, or simultaneously) to acquire the restricted shares; (3) require the corporation, the holders or any class of its shares, or another person to approve the transfer of the restricted shares, if the requirement is not manifestly unreasonable; (4) prohibit the transfer of the restricted shares to designated persons or classes of persons, if the prohibition is not manifestly unreasonable. A restriction on the transfer or resignation of transfer of shares is valid and enforceable against the holder or a transferee of the holder if the restriction is authorized by this section and its existence is noted conspicuously on the front or back of the certificate or is contained in the information statement required by ss. 6.2 of this Article VI with regard to shares issued without certificates. Unless so noted, a restriction is not enforceable against a person without knowledge of the restriction. ss. 6.5. Acquisition of Shares. The corporation may acquire its own shares and unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, the shares so acquired constitute authorized but unissued shares. ARTICLE VII. DISTRIBUTIONS ss. 7.1. Distributions. The Board of Directors may authorize, and the corporation may make, distributions (including dividends on its outstanding shares) in the manner and upon the terms and conditions provided by law and in the corporation's Articles of Incorporation. E-69 ARTICLE VIII. GENERAL PROVISIONS ss. 8.1. Corporate Seal. The Board of Directors may provide for a corporate seal which may be circular in form and have inscribed thereon any designation including the name of the corporation, Utah as the state of incorporation, and the words "Corporate Seal". The corporation shall not be required to have a corporate seal. ss.8.2. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be determined by the Board of Directors. ss.8.3. Evidence of Authority. A certificate by the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, or a temporary secretary, as to any action taken by the shareholders, directors, a committee or any officer of representative of the corporation shall as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good faith be conclusive evidence of such action. ss.8.4. Articles of Incorporation. All references in these Bylaws to the Articles of Incorporation shall be deemed to refer to the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended and in effect from time to time. ss.8.5. Pronouns. All pronouns used in these Bylaws shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the person or persons may require. ARTICLE IX. EMERGENCY BYLAWS ss. 9.1. Emergency Bylaws. Unless the Articles of Incorporation provide otherwise, the following provisions of this Article IX, ss. 9.1 "Emergency Bylaws" shall be effective during an emergency which is defined as when a quorum of the corporation's directors cannot be readily assembled because of some catastrophic event. During such emergency: (a) Notice of Board Meetings. Any one member of the Board of Directors or any one of the following officers; President, any Vice-President, Secretary, or Treasurer, may call a meeting of the Board of Directors. Notice of such meeting need be given only to those directors whom it is practicable to reach, and may be given in any practical manner, including by publication and radio. Such notice shall be given at least six hours prior to commencement of the meeting. (b) Temporary Directors and Quorum. One or more officers of the corporation present at the emergency board meeting, may be deemed to de directors for the meeting, in order of rank and within the same rank in order of seniority as is necessary to achieve a quorum. In the event that less than quorum (as determined by Article III, ss. 3.6) of the directors are present (including any officers who are to serve as directors for the meeting), those directors present (including the officers serving as directors) shall constitute a quorum. (c) Actions Permitted to Be Taken. The board as constituted in paragraph (b), and after notice as set forth in paragraph (a) may: E-70 (1) Officers' Powers. Prescribe emergency powers to any officer of the corporation; (2) Delegation of Any Power. Delegate to any officer or director, any of the powers of the Board of Directors; (3) Lines of Succession. Designate lines of succession of officers and agents, in the event that any of them are unable to discharge their duties; (4) Relocate Principal Place of Business. Relocate the principal place of business, or designate successive or simultaneous principal places of business; (5) All Other Action. Take any other action, convenient, helpful, or necessary to carry on the business of the corporation. ARTICLE X. AMENDMENTS ss. 10.1. Amendments. The corporation's Board of Directors may amend or repeal the corporation's Bylaws unless: (1) the Articles of Incorporation or the Utah Revised Business Corporation Act reserve this power exclusively to the shareholders in whole or part; or (2) the shareholders in adopting, amending or repealing a particular Bylaw provide expressly that the Board of Directors may not amend or repeal that Bylaw; or The corporation's shareholders may amend or repeal the corporation's Bylaws even though the Bylaws may also be amended or repealed by its Board of Directors. ADOPTED THIS ___ day of ______________, 2002 _________________________________ President ATTEST: ____________________________________ Secretary E-71 CERTIFICATE OF SECRETARY KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: That the undersigned does hereby certify that the undersigned is the secretary of the aforesaid Corporation, duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Utah; that the above and foregoing Bylaws of said Corporation were duly and regularly adopted as such by the board of directors of said Corporation. DATED this ___ day of _____________ 2002. ________________________________ Secretary E-72