Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business | Business Calavo Growers, Inc. (referred to in this report as “Calavo”, the “Company”, “we’, “us” or “our”), is a global leader in the avocado industry and a provider of value-added fresh food. Our expertise in marketing and distributing avocados, prepared avocado products, and other perishable foods allows us to deliver a wide array of fresh and prepared food products to retail grocery, foodservice, club stores, mass merchandisers, food distributors and wholesalers on a worldwide basis. We procure avocados from California, Mexico and other growing regions around the world. Through our various operating facilities, we (i) sort, pack, and/or ripen avocados, tomatoes and/or Hawaiian grown papayas, (ii) create, process and package a portfolio of healthy fresh foods including fresh-cut fruit and vegetables, and prepared foods and (iii) process and package guacamole. We distribute our products both domestically and internationally and we report our operations in two different business segments: Grown and Prepared. |
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Basis of Presentation | The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. |
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Consolidated financial statements | Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Calavo Growers, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries, Calavo de Mexico S.A. de C.V. (Calavo de Mexico), Calavo Growers de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. ( Calavo Growers de Mexico), Maui Fresh International, Inc. (Maui), Hawaiian Sweet, Inc. (HS), CW Hawaii Pride, LLC (HP), Renaissance Food Group, LLC (RFG), and Avocados de Jalisco, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (Avocados de Jalisco), in which we have an 83% ownership interest. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
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Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Among the significant estimates affecting the financial statements are those related to valuation allowances for valuation allowances for accounts, goodwill, grower advances, inventories, long-lived assets, valuation of and estimated useful lives of identifiable intangible assets, stock-based compensation, promotional allowances and income taxes. On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates based upon currently available information. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid financial instruments purchased with an original maturity date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values. |
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Restricted Cash | Restricted Cash We have $0.8 million and $1.1 million in restricted cash at October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In connection with the New Credit Facility, we temporarily posted cash collateral to satisfy certain collateral requirements as we transitioned banks providing letters of credit related to our workers compensation policies. As of October 31, 2023, we recorded $0.8 million and $3.0 million as restricted cash and prepaid and other current assets, respectively, related to this transition. In the prior year, we had restricted cash in our subsidiary Calavo de Mexico. This cash was restricted due to the 2013 tax assessment. In November 2022, this restriction was lifted.
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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets | Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist primarily of non-trade receivables, infrastructure advances and prepaid expenses. Non-trade receivables were $6.8 million and $4.8 million at October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Included in non-trade receivables are $2.7 million and $1.8 million related to the current portion of non-CDM Mexican IVA (i.e. value-added) taxes at October 31, 2023 and 2022 (See Note 14). Infrastructure advances are discussed below. Prepaid expenses totaling $4.8 million and $3.1 million at October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are primarily for insurance, rent and other items. |
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Accounts Receivable | Accounts Receivable Trade accounts receivable are reported at amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts and customer deductions accounted for as variable consideration. The Company performs credit evaluations of customers and evaluates the need for allowances for potential credit losses based on historical experience, as well as current and expected general economic conditions. The total allowance for estimated uncollectable accounts receivable balances and customer deductions were $5.2 million and $4.2 million as of October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. |
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Inventories | Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed on a monthly weighted-average basis, which approximates the first-in, first-out method; market is based upon estimated replacement costs. Costs included in inventory primarily include the following: fruit, picking and hauling, overhead, labor, materials and freight. |
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Property, Plant, and Equipment | Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are stated at cost and amortized over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the term of the lease, using the straight-line method. Useful lives are as follows: buildings and improvements - 7 to 50 years; leasehold improvements - the lesser of the term of the lease or 7 years; equipment - 7 to 25 years; information systems hardware and software – 3 to 10 years. Significant repairs and maintenance that increase the value or extend the useful life of our fixed asset are capitalized. Ongoing maintenance and repairs are charged to expense. |
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Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets Goodwill, defined as unidentified asset(s) acquired in conjunction with a business acquisition, is tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below the operating segment. We perform an assessment of goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, and between annual tests whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. To the extent the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s allocated goodwill exceeds the unit’s fair value, we recognize an impairment of goodwill for the excess up to the amount of goodwill of that reporting unit. In fiscal 2023 and 2022, the Company’s estimated fair value significantly exceeded its carrying value. The fair value of the Company’s reporting units is determined using a combination of valuation techniques, including a discounted cash flow methodology. To corroborate the discounted cash flow analysis, a market approach is utilized using observable market data such as comparable companies in similar lines of business that are publicly traded. The Company concluded based on its quantitative assessment that no goodwill impairment existed in the fiscal years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022. Goodwill impairment testing requires significant judgment and management estimates, including, but not limited to, the determination of (i) the number of reporting units, (ii) the goodwill and other assets and liabilities to be allocated to the reporting units and (iii) the fair values of the reporting units which includes forecasted cash flow. The estimates and assumptions described above, along with other factors such as discount rates, will significantly affect the outcome of the impairment tests and the amounts of any resulting impairment losses. |
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Long-lived Assets | Long-lived Assets Long-lived assets, including fixed assets and intangible assets (other than goodwill), are continually monitored and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of any such asset may not be recoverable. The determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset and its eventual disposition. The estimate of undiscounted cash flows is based upon, among other things, certain assumptions about future operating performance, growth rates and other factors. Estimates of undiscounted cash flows may differ from actual cash flows due to, among other things, technological changes, economic conditions, changes to the business model or changes in operating performance. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest) is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss will be recognized, measured as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the asset. For fiscal years 2023 and 2022, we performed our annual assessment of long-lived assets and determined that no impairment existed as of October 31, 2023 and 2022. |
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Investments | Investments We account for non-marketable investments using the equity method of accounting if the investment gives us the ability to exercise significant influence over, but not control, an investee. Significant influence generally exists when we have an ownership interest representing between 20% and 50% of the voting stock of the investee. Under the equity method of accounting, investments are stated at initial cost and are adjusted for subsequent additional investments and our proportionate share of earnings or losses and distributions. In December 2014, Calavo formed a wholly-owned subsidiary Calavo Growers De Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. (Calavo Sub). In July 2015, Calavo Sub entered into a Shareholder Agreement with Grupo Belo del Pacifico, S.A. de C.V., (Belo) a Mexican company owned by Agricola Belher, and Agricola Don Memo, S.A. de C.V. (Don Memo). Don Memo, a Mexican corporation formed in July 2013, is engaged in the business of owning and improving land in Jalisco, Mexico for the growing and sale of tomatoes and other produce. Belo and Calavo Sub have an equal ownership interest in Don Memo. Pursuant to a management service agreement, Belo, through its officers and employees, shall have day-to-day power and authority to manage the operations. This investment contribution represent Calavo Sub’s 50% ownership in Don Memo, which is included in investment in unconsolidated entities on our balance sheet. We use the equity method to account for this investment. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, we have an investment of $2.9 million and $3.8 million, respectively, in Don Memo. |
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Advances to Suppliers | Advances to Suppliers We advance funds to third-party growers primarily in Mexico for various farming needs. Typically, we obtain collateral (i.e. fruit, fixed assets, etc.) that approximates the value at risk, prior to making such advances. We continuously evaluate the ability of these growers to repay advances in order to evaluate the possible need to record an allowance. No such allowance was required at October 31, 2023 and 2022. Pursuant to our distribution agreement with Agricola Belher (Belher) of Mexico, a producer of fresh vegetables, primarily tomatoes, for export to the U.S. market, Belher agreed, at their sole cost and expense, to harvest, pack, export, ship, and deliver tomatoes exclusively to our Company, primarily our Arizona facility. In exchange, we agreed to sell and distribute such tomatoes, make advances to Belher for operating purposes, provide additional advances as shipments are made during the season (subject to limitations, as defined), and return the proceeds from such tomato sales to Belher, net of our commission and aforementioned advances. These advances will be collected through settlements by the end of each year. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, we have total advances of $5.4 million and $4.5 million, respectively, to Belher pursuant to this agreement, respectively, which are recorded in advances to suppliers. Similar to Belher, we make advances to Don Memo for operating purposes, provide additional advances as shipments are made during the season, and return the proceeds from such tomato sales to Don Memo, net of our commission and aforementioned advances. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, we have total advances of $7.3 million and $7.0 million, respectively, to Don Memo, which is recorded in advances to suppliers, offset by tomato liabilities from the sales of tomatoes per the tomato marketing agreement. We also have a distribution agreement with tomato grower Exportadora Silvalber (Silvalber). We made $2.8 million and $1.4 million in advances for operating purposes, similar to Belher and Don Memo, as of October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Advances to suppliers are offset by tomato liabilities from the sales of tomatoes per the tomato marketing agreement. |
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Infrastructure Advances | Infrastructure Advances Pursuant to our infrastructure agreements, we make advances to be used solely for the acquisition, construction, and installation of improvements to and on certain land owned/controlled by Belher and Don Memo, as well as packing line equipment. In October 2020, we entered into an infrastructure loan agreement with Don Memo for $2.4 million secured by Don Memo’s property and equipment. This infrastructure loan accrues interest at 7.25%. In October 2020, we advanced $0.7 million related to this loan agreement. We advanced an additional $0.7 million, and $0.6 million in the first, and second quarters of fiscal 2021, respectively. We have a total balance outstanding of $1.6 million at October 31, 2023 (included in other assets). We had a total balance outstanding of $1.6 million at October 31, 2022 ($0.4 million is included in prepaids and other current assets and $1.2 million is included in other assets). In July 2021, we made a bridge loan of $3.5 million to Belher. This loan is secured by certain farmland in Mexico and accrues interest at 10%. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, this loan was amended to be due with installments of $0.9 million on July 31, 2022, $0.9 million on July 31, 2023 and $1.7 million on July 31, 2024. As part of this amended loan agreement, we can withhold payments on both the infrastructure advances and the bridge loan through the netting the amount due against the grower payable due to Belher. For each the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, we withheld $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, from payments to Belher to offset the bridge loan repayments. The remaining bridge loan has been recorded as $1.7 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets. |
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Accrued Expenses | Accrued Expenses Included in accrued expenses are liabilities related to the receipt of goods and/or services for which an invoice has not yet been received. These totaled approximately $14.5 million and $28.7 million for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. |
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Leases | Leases Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The Company makes a determination if an arrangement constitutes a lease at inception, and categorizes the lease as either an operating or finance lease. Right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. For finance leases, we recognize interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use asset, and for operating leases, we recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The interest expense amortization component of the finance lease liabilities is recorded within interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations. When available, we use the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments to present value; however, most of our leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. We estimated our incremental borrowing rate based upon a synthetic credit rating and yield curve analysis. As a result, the incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments. We have elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify (under one year term), meaning we will recognize expense on a straight-line basis and will not include the recognition of a right-of-use asset or lease liability. We will account for lease and non-lease components as a single-lease component for all leases. |
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Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with its customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of its products. Revenue is measured as the amount of net consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring products. Revenue from product sales is governed primarily by customer pricing and related purchase orders (“contracts”) which specify shipping terms and certain aspects of the transaction price including variable considerations such as rebates, discounts and other sales incentives. Contracts are at standalone pricing. The performance obligation in these contracts is determined by each of the individual purchase orders and the respective stated quantities, with revenue being recognized at a point in time when obligations under the terms of the agreement are satisfied. This generally occurs with the transfer of control of our products to the customer and the product is delivered. The Company's customers have an implicit and explicit right to return non-conforming products. A provision for payment discounts and product return allowances, which is estimated, is recorded as a reduction of sales in the same period that the revenue is recognized. Sales Incentives and Other Promotional Programs The Company routinely offers sales incentives and discounts through various regional and national programs to our customers and consumers. These programs include product discounts or allowances, product rebates, product returns, one-time or ongoing trade-promotion programs with customers and consumer coupon programs that require the Company to estimate the expected costs of such programs. The costs associated with these activities are accounted for as reductions to the transaction price of the Company’s products and are, therefore, recorded as reductions to gross sales at the time of sale. The Company bases its estimates of incentive costs on historical trend experience with similar programs, actual incentive terms per customer contractual obligations and expected levels of performance of trade promotions, utilizing customer and sales organization inputs. The Company maintains liabilities at the end of each period for the estimated incentive costs incurred but unpaid for these programs. Differences between estimated and actual incentive costs are generally not material and are recognized in earnings in the period such differences are determined. Reserves for product returns, accrued rebates and promotional accruals are included in the consolidated balance sheets as part of accounts receivable. Principal vs. Agent Considerations We frequently enter into consignment arrangements with avocado and tomato growers and packers located outside of the U.S. and growers of certain perishable products in the U.S. We evaluate whether the performance obligation is a promise to transfer services to the customer (as the principal) or to arrange for services to be provided by another party (as the agent) using a control model. This evaluation determined that the Company is in control of establishing the transaction price, managing all aspects of the shipments process and taking the risk of loss for delivery, collection, and returns. Based on the Company’s evaluation of the control model, it determined that all of the Company’s major businesses act as the principal rather than the agent within their revenue arrangements and such revenues are reported on a gross basis. |
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Customers | Customers We sell to retail grocery, foodservice, club stores, mass merchandisers, food distributors and wholesale customers. Our top ten customers accounted for approximately 66%, 59% and 58% of our consolidated net sales in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Sales to our largest customer, Kroger (including its affiliates), represented approximately 17%, 15%, and 16% of net sales in each of fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Trader Joes, represented approximately 13% and 11% of net sales in fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively. Additionally, Wal-Mart (including its affiliates) represented approximately 9%, 10% and 11% of net sales in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. No other single customer accounted for more than 10% of our net sales in any of the last three fiscal years. |
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Shipping and Handling | Shipping and Handling We include shipping and handling fees billed to customers in net sales. Amounts incurred by us for freight are included in cost of goods sold. |
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Promotional Allowances | Promotional Allowances We provide for promotional allowances at the time of sale, based on our historical experience. Our estimates are generally based on evaluating the historical relationship between promotional allowances and gross sales. The derived percentage is then applied to the current period’s sales revenues in order to arrive at the appropriate debit to sales allowances for the period. The offsetting credit is made to an allowance on accounts receivable. When certain amounts of specific customer accounts are subsequently identified as promotional, they are written off against this allowance. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates and such differences are recognized as an adjustment to net sales in the period they are identified. |
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Consignment Arrangements | Consignment Arrangements We frequently enter into consignment arrangements with avocado and tomato growers and packers located outside of the U.S. and growers of certain perishable products in the U.S. Although we generally do not take legal title to these avocados and perishable products, we do assume responsibilities (principally assuming credit risk, inventory loss and delivery risk, and pricing risk) that are consistent with acting as a principal in the transaction. Accordingly, the accompanying financial statements include sales and cost of sales from the sale of avocados and perishable products procured under consignment arrangements. Amounts recorded for each of the fiscal years ended October 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 in the financial statements pursuant to consignment arrangements are as follows (in thousands):
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Advertising Expense | Advertising Expense Advertising costs are expensed when incurred and are generally included as a component of selling, general and administrative expense. Such costs were approximately $0.4 million, $0.6 million and $0.4 million for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. |
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Research and Development | Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and are generally included as a component of selling, general and administrative expense. Total research and development costs for fiscal year 2023, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. |
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Restructuring Costs | Restructuring Costs For the year ended October 31, 2022, we recorded $2.8 million of consulting expenses (included in selling, general and administrative expenses) related to an enterprise-wide strategic business review conducted for the purpose of restructuring to improve the profitability of the organization and efficiency of our operations. We also recorded $5.5 million and $2.0 million for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of management recruiting and severance costs related to this restructuring initiative. |
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Other Income | Other Income Included in other income is dividend income totaling $0 million, $0.8 million, and $0.6 million for fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See Note 8 for related party disclosure related to other income. |
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Income Taxes | Income Taxes We account for deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Measurement of the deferred items is based on enacted tax laws. In the event the future consequences of differences between financial reporting bases and tax bases of our assets and liabilities result in a deferred tax asset, we perform an evaluation of the probability of being able to realize the future benefits indicated by such asset. A valuation allowance related to a deferred tax asset is recorded when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As a multinational corporation, we are subject to taxation in many jurisdictions, and the calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in various taxing jurisdictions. If we ultimately determine that the payment of these liabilities will be unnecessary, the liability will be reversed and we will recognize a tax benefit during the period in which it is determined the liability no longer applies. Conversely, we record additional tax charges in a period in which it is determined that a recorded tax liability is less than the ultimate assessment is expected to be. The application of tax laws and regulations is subject to legal and factual interpretation, judgment and uncertainty. Tax laws and regulations themselves are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, the evolution of regulations and court rulings. Therefore, the actual liability for U.S. or foreign taxes may be materially different from management’s estimates, which could result in the need to record additional tax liabilities or potentially reverse previously recorded tax liabilities. |
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Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share | Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Basic earnings per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period without consideration of the dilutive effect of stock options and contingent consideration. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period after consideration of the dilutive effect of stock options and the effect of contingent consideration shares. Basic and diluted net loss per share is calculated as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data):
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Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation We account for awards of equity instruments issued to employees under the fair value method of accounting and recognize such amounts in our statements of operations. We measure compensation cost for all stock-based awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognize compensation expense in our consolidated statements of operations over the service period that the awards are expected to vest. For the years ended October 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized compensation expense of $5.2 million, $3.1 million, and $4.0 million related to stock-based compensation, respectively (See Note 12). For our restricted stock awards, the value of the stock-based compensation was determined from quoted market prices at the date of the grant. For our stock option awards, we measure the fair value of our stock options awards using the Black-Scholes-Merton and lattice-based option valuation models. |
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Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement | Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement Our foreign operations are subject to exchange rate fluctuations and foreign currency transaction costs. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the United States (U.S.) dollar. As a result, monetary assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates as of the balance sheet date and non-monetary assets, liabilities and equity are translated at historical rates. Sales and expenses are translated using a weighted-average exchange rate for the period. Gains and losses resulting from those remeasurements are included in income. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are also recognized in income. Total foreign currency translation gains for fiscal 2023 and 2021, net of losses, was $1.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Total foreign currency translation losses for fiscal 2022, net of gains, was $1.0 million. |
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments We believe that the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term borrowings approximates fair value based on either their short-term nature or on terms currently available to the Company in financial markets. Due to current market rates, we believe that our fixed-rate long-term obligations and finance leases have nearly the same fair value and carrying value of approximately $7.3 million and $6.0 million as of October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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Derivative Financial Instruments | Derivative Financial Instruments We were not a party to any material derivative instruments during the fiscal year. It is currently our intent not to use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. Additionally, we do not use any hedging or forward contracts to offset market volatility. |
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Noncontrolling Interest | Noncontrolling Interest The following tables reconcile shareholders’ equity attributable to noncontrolling interest related to Avocados de Jalisco (in thousands).
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