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Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options Stock-Based Compensation and Stock OptionsThe Company accounts for its employee stock options under the fair value method, which requires stock-based compensation to be estimated using the fair value on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is expected to vest is recognized on a straight-line basis as expense over the related employees’ requisite service periods in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
In September 2015, pursuant to an executed Option Agreement, the Company granted its Global Chief Executive Officer, Holger Bartel, options to purchase 400,000 shares of common stock of the Company, with an exercise price of $8.07 and quarterly vesting beginning on March 31, 2016 (the “2015 Option Agreement”). The 2015 Option Agreement expires in September 2025. The options are now fully vested and the stock-based compensation related to these options was fully expensed. In October 2017, pursuant to an executed Option Agreement, the Company granted Mr. Bartel options to purchase 400,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $6.95 and quarterly vesting beginning on March 31, 2018 (the “2017 Option Agreement”). The 2017 Option Agreement expires in 2027. During 2019, 250,000 options granted pursuant to the 2017 Option Agreement were exercised by Mr. Bartel. The remaining 150,000 options are fully vested and the stock-based compensation related to these options was fully expensed. In September 2019, the Company granted Mr. Bartel options to purchase 400,000 shares of common stock subject to shareholder approval, with an exercise price of $10.79 and quarterly vesting beginning on March 31, 2020 and ending on December 31, 2021 (the “2019 Option Agreement” and together with the 2015 Option Agreement and the 2017 Option Agreements, the “Bartel Option Agreements”). The 2019 Option Agreement expires in 2024.
On May 29, 2020, the shareholders of the Company approved certain amendments to the Bartel Option Agreements, which increased and repriced all outstanding, unexercised options granted to Mr. Bartel (the “Option Agreement Amendments”). Pursuant to the Option Agreement Amendments and subject to shareholder approval, the exercise price for the options was repriced to the official NASDAQ closing share price on March 30, 2020 (the date of execution of the Option Agreement Amendments, which immediately followed the date of approval of the grants from the Board of Directors of the Company), which was $3.49. Additionally, the Option Agreement Amendments made the following increases: (a) 400,000 additional options to purchase the Company’s common stock pursuant to the 2015 Option Agreement, (b) 150,000 additional options to purchase the Company’s common stock pursuant to the 2017 Option Agreement, and (c) 400,000 additional options to purchase the Company’s common stock pursuant to the 2019 Option Agreement, which resulted in a total of 1,900,000 options granted to Mr. Bartel pursuant to the Option Agreement Amendments. Mr. Bartel’s amended options pursuant to the 2015 Option Agreement and the 2017 Option Agreement were fully vested upon the execution of the applicable Option Agreement Amendment. Therefore, stock-based compensation related to these options was fully expensed in the second quarter of 2020. As of December 31, 2020, there was approximately $1.5 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense relating to the 2019 Option Agreement and applicable Option Agreement Amendment. This amount is expected to be recognized over the next 1 year.
In May 2018, pursuant to executed Option Agreements, the Company granted an employee options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $14.70 and annual vesting beginning in May 2019. The options expire in May 2028. In 2020, 25,000 unvested options were forfeited and 25,000 vested option were canceled upon the departure of the employee.
In June 2018, pursuant to an executed Option Agreement, the Company granted an employee options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $16.65 and annual vesting beginning June 2019. The options expire in June 2023. In 2020, 37,500 unvested options were forfeited and 12,500 vested option were canceled upon the departure of the employee.
In May 2019, pursuant to an executed Option Agreement, the Company granted an employee options to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $19.28, of which 10,000 options vested and became exercisable in May 2019, 15,000 options vested and became exercisable in September 2019, and the remaining 75,000 will vest in three equal installments beginning in May 2021 and ending in May 2024. The options expire in May 2024. In 2020, 75,000 unvested options were forfeited and 25,000 of vested option were canceled upon the departure of the employee.
In September 2019, pursuant to executed Option Agreements, the Company granted six employees stock options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock each (300,000 in the aggregate) with an exercise price of $10.79, of which 75,000 options vest and become exercisable annually starting on September 5, 2020 and ending on December 31, 2023. The options expire in September 2024. On May 29, 2020, the shareholders of the Company approved the grants, as well as certain amendments to the Option Agreements, which increased and repriced all outstanding, unexercised options granted to such employees. Pursuant to the applicable amendments, the exercise price for the options was repriced to the official NASDAQ closing share price on March 30, 2020 (the date of execution of the amendments to the Option Agreements, which immediately followed the date of approval of the grants from the Board of Directors of the Company), which was $3.49, the option grants were each increased to 100,000 each, resulting in 300,000 additional options in the aggregate. In 2020, 100,000 unvested options were forfeited upon an employee's departure. As of December 31, 2020, there was approximately $1.3 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense relating to these options. This amount is expected to be recognized over the next 2.7 years.
On May 29, 2020, pursuant to an executed Option Agreement, the shareholders of the Company approved the grant of stock options to purchase 800,000 shares of common stock to Mr. Ralph Bartel, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, with an exercise price of $3.49 and quarterly vesting beginning June 30, 2020 and ending on March 31, 2022. The options expire in March 2025. This grant was approved at the 2020 Annual Meeting of the shareholders. As of December 31, 2020, there was approximately $1.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense relating to these options. This amount is expected to be recognized over the next 1.3 years.
On May 29, 2020, pursuant to an executed Option Agreement, the shareholders of the Company approved the grant of stock options to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock to two key employees, with an exercise price of $3.49 with annual vesting starting March 30, 2021 and ending on March 31, 2024. The options expire in March 2025. As of December 31, 2020, there was approximately $648,000 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense relating to these options. This amount is expected to be recognized over the next 3.3 years.
The Company recorded $6.2 million of stock-based compensation in general and administrative expenses for fiscal year 2020. The Company recorded $993,000 of stock-based compensation for fiscal year 2019, of which $89,000 was recorded in sales and marketing expense and the remaining was recorded in general and administrative expenses.
The Company utilized the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value the stock options. The Company used an expected life as defined under the simplified method, which is using an average of the contractual term and vesting period of the stock options. The risk-free interest rate used for the award is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The Company accounted for forfeitures as they occur. The historical volatility was calculated based upon implied volatility of the Company's historical stock prices.
The fair value of 2020 stock option and modification and 2019 stock options was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: 
 20202019
Weighted-average fair value of options granted per share$3.86 $8.78 
Historical volatility78 %60 %
Risk-free interest rate0.19 %2.10 %
Dividend yield— — 
Expected life in years2.93.6
As of December 31, 2020, there was approximately $5.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding stock options, expected to be recognized over 1.7 years.
Option activities during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
SharesWeighted-Average
Exercise Price		Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Life		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
    (In thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 20191,050,000 $9.50 7.53 years
Option Granted 100,000 19.28 
Exercised options(300,000)7.22 
Options forfeited and canceled(100,000)19.74 
Outstanding at December 31, 2019750,000 $10.35 6.01 years
Option Granted 2,850,000 $3.49 
Exercised options(75,000)$3.49 
Options forfeited and canceled(200,000)$17.48 
Outstanding at December 31, 20203,325,000 $3.49 4.39 years$19,784 
Exercisable and fully vested at December 31, 20202,250,000 $3.49 4.56 years$13,388 
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 and expected to vest thereafter 1,075,000 $3.49 4.05 years$6,396 
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of year ended December 31, 2020 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2020. This amount changes based on the fair value of the Company’s stock. The Company’s policy is to issue shares from the authorized shares to fulfill stock option exercises.
Outstanding options at December 31, 2020 were as follows:

Exercise PriceOptions
Outstanding		Options Outstanding
Weighted-Average
Remaining Contractual
Life		Weighted-Average
Exercise Price		Options Outstanding
 and Exercisable		Options Exercisable
Weighted-Average
Remaining Contractual
Life
$3.49 3,325,000 4.39 years$3.49 2,250,000 4.56 years