10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

þ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

or

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number 001-33689

athenahealth, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	04-3387530
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
311 Arsenal Street Watertown, Massachusetts	02472
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

617-402-1000

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer þ	Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company ¨
	Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  þ

At October 16, 2017, the registrant had 40,017,689 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

INDEX

	PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	11
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	16
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	17
	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	18
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	18
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	18
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	18
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	18
Item 5.	Other Information	18
Item 6.	Exhibits	19
SIGNATURES		20

i

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

athenahealth, Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited, amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	122.7		$	147.4
Accounts receivable, net	163.9			161.6
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	42.8			34.2
Total current assets	329.4			343.2
Property and equipment, net	361.5			347.7
Capitalized software costs, net	136.0			125.8
Purchased intangible assets, net	113.7			112.1
Goodwill	274.4			240.7
Deferred tax asset, net	44.9			2.2
Investments and other assets	24.4			17.5
Total assets	$	1,284.3		$	1,189.2
Liabilities & Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	10.7		$	9.5
Accrued compensation	83.7			89.7
Accrued expenses	53.9			51.7
Current portion of long-term debt	18.3			18.3
Deferred revenue	30.9			28.7
Total current liabilities	197.5			197.9
Deferred rent, net of current portion	29.8			30.8
Long-term debt, net of current portion	258.1			272.8
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	48.6			48.4
Other long-term liabilities	5.2			6.0
Total liabilities	539.2			555.9
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 5.0 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 125.0 shares authorized; 41.3 shares issued and 40.0 shares outstanding at September 30, 2017; 40.8 shares issued and 39.5 shares outstanding at December 31, 2016	0.4			0.4
Additional paid-in capital	633.3			591.5
Treasury stock, at cost, 1.3 shares	(1.2		)	(1.2		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(0.6		)	(0.9		)
Retained earnings	113.2			43.5
Total stockholders’ equity	745.1			633.3
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,284.3		$	1,189.2

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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athenahealth, Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited, amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Revenue:
Business services	$	295.8		$	267.1		$	867.1		$	768.7
Implementation and other	8.8			9.6			24.0			26.0
Total revenue	304.6			276.7			891.1			794.7
Cost of revenue	144.0			134.7			432.2			400.0
Gross profit	160.6			142.0			458.9			394.7
Other operating expenses:
Selling and marketing	61.8			61.5			192.5			189.5
Research and development	44.8			31.0			130.0			90.1
General and administrative	35.4			34.3			104.5			100.9
Total other operating expenses	142.0			126.8			427.0			380.5
Operating income	18.6			15.2			31.9			14.2
Other expense	(1.4		)	(1.4		)	(4.3		)	(4.7		)
Income before income tax (provision) benefit	17.2			13.8			27.6			9.5
Income tax (provision) benefit	(4.2		)	0.1			(6.1		)	1.7
Net income	$	13.0		$	13.9		$	21.5		$	11.2
Net income per share – Basic	$	0.33		$	0.35		$	0.54		$	0.29
Net income per share – Diluted	$	0.32		$	0.35		$	0.53		$	0.28
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share:
Basic	39.9			39.4			39.8			39.2
Diluted	40.7			40.0			40.6			40.0

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

athenahealth, Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited, amounts in millions)

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016		2017		2016
Net income	$	13.0		$	13.9	$	21.5	$	11.2
Other comprehensive income
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of tax	—			0.1		—		0.1
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(0.1		)	0.1		0.3		—
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(0.1		)	0.2		0.3		0.1
Comprehensive income	$	12.9		$	14.1	$	21.8	$	11.3

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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athenahealth, Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited, amounts in millions)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	21.5		$	11.2
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	109.3			104.0
Excess tax benefit from stock-based awards	—			(1.4		)
Deferred income tax	4.2			(3.1		)
Stock-based compensation expense	42.5			50.7
Other reconciling adjustments	(0.1		)	(0.3		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(2.2		)	(3.1		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(8.6		)	(7.7		)
Other long-term assets	(6.8		)	(3.2		)
Accounts payable	0.6			2.2
Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities	2.4			1.4
Accrued compensation	(8.2		)	(7.5		)
Deferred revenue	2.4			(7.8		)
Deferred rent	(0.4		)	0.6
Net cash provided by operating activities	156.6			136.0
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capitalized software costs	(55.1		)	(68.1		)
Purchases of property and equipment	(66.8		)	(52.9		)
Payments on acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(41.1		)	(16.9		)
Other investing activities	—			0.9
Net cash used in investing activities	(163.0		)	(137.0		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under stock plans and warrants	13.4			14.1
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of stock awards	(17.1		)	(18.7		)
Excess tax benefit from stock-based awards	—			1.4
Payments on long-term debt	(15.0		)	(7.5		)
Other financing activities	0.1			(0.1		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(18.6		)	(10.8		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	0.3			(0.1		)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(24.7		)	(11.9		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	147.4			141.9
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	122.7		$	130.0
Non-cash transaction
Property, equipment, and purchased and internally-developed software recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	12.6		$	7.9
Additional disclosures
Cash paid for interest, net	$	4.5		$	5.0
Cash paid for taxes	$	1.1		$	0.2

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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athenahealth, Inc.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited, amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

General –The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by athenahealth, Inc. (which we refer to as the Company, we, us, or our) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, for interim financial reporting and as required by Regulation S-X, Rule 10-01, and include the results of operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of items of a normal and recurring nature) necessary to fairly present the financial position as of September 30, 2017, the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017and2016, and cash flows for theninemonths endedSeptember 30, 2017and2016.The results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. When preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material.

Subsequent Event – On October 13, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a comprehensive plan, which we refer to as the Plan, designed to increase strategic focus and improve operational efficiency. Implementation of the Plan is expected to result in cumulative pre-tax charges of approximately $15 million to $25 million, primarily related to workforce reductions.

Related Party Transaction – We have a long-term investment in Access Healthcare Services Private Limited, a vendor that provides business partner outsourcing services for us. The total expense related to this vendor for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017was $15.6 million and $45.5 million, respectively, and was $12.0 million and $31.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The total amount payable related to this vendor at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $5.4 million and $4.6 million, respectively.

A member of our Board of Directors also serves as a director of one of our clients. The total revenue recognized for this client for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $4.8 million and $14.3 million, respectively, and was $3.8 million and $10.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The total receivables related to this client were $1.6 million and $1.4 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Recently Adopted Pronouncement –In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued new guidance which changes the accounting for stock-based compensation. The guidance simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2017, using a modified retrospective approach, which requires the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard to be recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings of the annual reporting period that includes the date of initial application, and which resulted in a cumulative-effect increase of $49.2 million to retained earnings and deferred tax assets. Upon adoption, we now recognize all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. We no longer present excess tax benefits within cash flows from financing activities but instead present these cash flows in cash flows from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Prior to adoption, the excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies were recorded to additional paid-in capital and excess tax benefits were not recorded until they were able to be utilized. In addition, we elected to no longer calculate an estimate of expected forfeitures and began recognizing forfeitures as they occurred, including a cumulative-effect decrease of $1.0 million to retained earnings at January 1, 2017 with the offset as an increase to additional paid-in capital. See table below for the changes in beginning stockholders' equity as a result of this implementation.

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Treasury Stock					Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount				Shares		Amount
BALANCE – December 31, 2016	40.8	$	0.4	$	591.5	(1.3	)	$	(1.2	)	$	(0.9	)	$	43.5	$	633.3
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standard	—	—		1.0		—		—			—			48.2		49.2
BALANCE – January 1, 2017	40.8	$	0.4	$	592.5	(1.3	)	$	(1.2	)	$	(0.9	)	$	91.7	$	682.5

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athenahealth, Inc.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited, amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted – The new revenue recognition guidance, which was issued in March 2014 and amended thereafter, is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those reporting periods. The new revenue standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. In addition, the new standard provides guidance on accounting for certain revenue-related costs including costs associated with obtaining and fulfilling a contract.

While the impact of this standard will vary across our industry peers, our unique go-to-market strategy centered around charging a percentage of our clients’ collections for our services within athenaOne deals, combined with our offering that essentially provides a series of integrated services and our clients’ ability to terminate our services at a fixed number of days’ notice without a significant penalty, will result in additional complexity in our pattern of revenue recognition compared to the current revenue recognition pattern. We have reached conclusions on key accounting assessments and are completing the development of new processes to prepare for the adoption of and ongoing accounting under the new standard. These new processes include implementing a new information technology system and creating additional internal controls over financial reporting.

We are continuing to quantify the impact of the adoption of the new standard, as well as its continuing impact to our financial statements after adoption. Under today’s accounting standards, the criterion impacting the timing of our revenue recognition is the requirement of fees to be either fixed or determinable; therefore, we do not recognize revenue for many athenaOne-based business services deals until these collections are posted, as the fees are not fixed or determinable until such time. The new guidance does not limit the recognition of revenue to only fees that are fixed or determinable. Instead, the standard focuses on recognizing revenue as value is transferred to customers. The impact on our athenaOne services offering is a revenue recognition and reporting model that reflects revenue recognized over time rather than delaying the recognition of revenue until the point in time in which the fees to be charged become determinable. For athenaOne arrangements, we will estimate the value of the consideration we will earn over the remaining contractual period as our services are provided and recognize the fees over the term; this estimation typically involves predicting the amounts our clients will ultimately collect associated with the services they provide with the assistance of athenaNet. Because most of our contracts require our clients to provide a fixed number of days’ notice prior to terminating our services, our contractual terms reset daily, requiring us to estimate the amount of consideration to be paid to us over the constantly changing period in which our contracts are legally enforceable. As such, we believe the measurement of athenaOne-based revenue will be a significant estimate under the new revenue standard.

We anticipate that the new revenue standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements with respect to the capitalization of certain commissions and contract fulfillment costs, which we currently expense as incurred. Under the new standard, certain costs to obtain a contract, which primarily relate to commissions paid to employees and third parties, and our contract fulfillment costs, which primarily relate to the implementation of a client, will be deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance or a longer period, generally the estimated life of the customer relationship, if renewals are expected.

The new standard provides companies with two implementation methods. Companies can choose to adopt the standard retrospectively and apply the guidance to each prior reporting period presented. Alternatively, a modified retrospective adoption methodology is permitted, whereby the cumulative impact of all prior periods would be recorded in retained earnings or other impacted balance sheet line items as of January 1, 2018, the date of adoption. Under this method, previously presented years’ financial positions and results would not be adjusted; however, certain disclosures are required to be presented for comparability to prior years’ results. We plan to adopt this standard using the modified retrospective method. Under the modified retrospective adoption method, we have elected to retroactively adjust only those contracts that do not meet the definition of a completed contract at the date of initial application. As a result, our initial adjustments to costs to obtain and costs to fulfill a contract may not be indicative of future capitalization amounts once the new revenue standard is effective.

In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance to address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The most significant impact to our consolidated financial statements relates to the recognition and measurement of equity investments, which are currently carried at cost, but will be measured at fair value in our consolidated statement of income. We are evaluating the impact to our consolidated financial statements but expect that it could have a significant impact, including additional volatility in other income (expense) within our statement of income in future periods as a result of the measurement of equity securities upon observable price changes and impairments. We expect to elect the measurement alternative for all equity investments without readily determinable fair values, which is defined as cost, less impairments, adjusted by observable price changes on a prospective basis. This guidance is effective for public companies

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athenahealth, Inc.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited, amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted with specific application guidance; we currently do not expect that we will early adopt this standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance for leases. The new lease guidance most significantly impacts lessee accounting and disclosures. First, this guidance requires lessees to identify arrangements that should be accounted for as leases. Under this guidance, for lease arrangements exceeding a 12-month term, a right-of-use asset and lease obligation is recorded by the lessee for all leases, whether operating or financing, while the income statement reflects lease expense for operating leases and amortization and interest expense for financing leases. The balance sheet amount recorded for existing leases at the date of adoption of this guidance must be calculated using the applicable incremental borrowing rate at the date of adoption. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. In addition, the new lease guidance requires the use of the modified retrospective method. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We anticipate that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, as all long-term leases will be capitalized on the consolidated balance sheet. We currently do not intend to early adopt this standard.

2. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Praxify

On June 23, 2017, we acquired Praxify Technologies, Inc., or Praxify, a Palo Alto-based company focused on reinventing how doctors work with health data to drive productivity, portability, and improved decision support. We acquired Praxify to advance our platform strategy and mobile capabilities to drive streamlined workflows and intelligence at and around the moments of care. We anticipate that this acquisition will accelerate our research and development initiatives by adding significant expertise in mobile and user experience design. Additionally, the underlying technology on which Praxify is built will be integrated into our platform, and we anticipate it will create new opportunities for both internal and third-party developers to rapidly build and launch applications.

The purchase price of Praxify was $41.1 million, net of cash acquired. The purchase price excludes $16.5 million anticipated to be earned by key employees of Praxify based upon continued employment, which is accounted for as compensation expense and will be recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income over the requisite service period. The fair value of net assets acquired primarily consisted of purchased intangible assets of $15.7 million related to technology. The $33.8 million excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. We incurred transaction costs of $1.4 million associated with this acquisition.

We believe that we have a reasonable basis for estimating the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, but certain items, such as the working capital adjustments to the purchase price, income taxes adjustments, and adjustments to the valuation of acquired technology, are subject to change as additional information is received about facts and circumstances that existed at the date of acquisition. Thus, the provisional measurements of fair value set forth above are subject to change. We expect to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition date.

Patient IO

On August 25, 2016, we acquired Filament Labs, Inc. (doing business as Patient IO), an Austin-based care coordination platform used by providers to engage patients and caregivers outside of the clinic. We acquired Patient IO to strengthen our ability to partner with providers as they deliver value-based care. We anticipate this acquisition will accelerate our movement toward becoming a trusted resource and partner to the patient.

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athenahealth, Inc.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited, amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

The purchase price of Patient IO was $15.2 million, net of cash acquired. The purchase price excludes $9.6 million to be earned by key employees of Patient IO based upon continued employment, which is accounted for as compensation expense and will be recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income over the requisite service period. The fair value of net assets acquired included purchased intangible assets of $5.3 million related to technology acquired and $0.6 million related to customer relationships. The $10.7 million excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.

Arsenal Health

On April 11, 2016, we acquired Arsenal Health, formerly known as Smart Scheduling, Inc., for $1.7 million. We purchased Arsenal Health to add its schedule optimization functionality to our athenaCoordinator offering. We expect this acquisition to accelerate our capabilities in machine learning and predictive analytics. The fair value of the purchased intangible assets related to technology acquired was $0.9 million. The $0.8 million excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the purchased intangible assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which is deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. In conjunction with this acquisition, Smart Scheduling, Inc. settled the convertible note receivable and related interest from our More Disruption Please, or MDP, Accelerator Program, which represented a total fair value of $0.3 million.

3. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period under the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities include stock options, restricted stock units, and shares to be purchased under the employee stock purchase plan. Under the treasury stock method, dilutive securities are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the periods and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Securities are excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive to earnings per share; therefore, in periods of net loss, shares used to calculate basic and dilutive net loss per share are equivalent.

The following table reconciles the weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Net income	$	13.0	$	13.9	$	21.5	$	11.2
Weighted average shares used in computing basic net income per share	39.9		39.4		39.8		39.2
Net income per share – Basic	$	0.33	$	0.35	$	0.54	$	0.29
Net income	$	13.0	$	13.9	$	21.5	$	11.2
Weighted average shares used in computing basic net income per share	39.9		39.4		39.8		39.2
Effect of dilutive securities	0.8		0.6		0.8		0.8
Weighted average shares used in computing diluted net income per share	40.7		40.0		40.6		40.0
Net income per share – Diluted	$	0.32	$	0.35	$	0.53	$	0.28

The computation of diluted net income per share does not include 0.2 million and 0.4 million shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and 0.3 million and 0.4 million shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, because their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect on net income per share.

4. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximated their estimated fair values because of the short-term nature of these

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athenahealth, Inc.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited, amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

financial instruments. Money market funds are valued using a market approach based upon the quoted market prices of identical instruments when available or other observable inputs such as trading prices of identical instruments in inactive markets or similar securities.

Our MDP Accelerator program is designed to cultivate health care information technology start-ups and expand services offered to our provider network. MDP Accelerator portfolio investments as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are typically made in the form of convertible notes receivable or cost method investments, which are included in investments and other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2017, as there is no indication of performance risk, we estimate that the fair value of the notes receivable approximates cost, based on inputs including the original transaction prices, our own recent transactions in the same or similar instruments, completed or pending third-party transactions in the underlying investments, subsequent rounds of financing, and changes in financial ratios or cash flows.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $277.5 million and $292.5 million, respectively, outstanding on our term loan facility and we had not drawn on the revolving credit facility under our senior credit facility. The credit facility carries a variable interest rate set at current market rates, and as such, the carrying value approximates fair value.

The following table presents information about our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques we utilized to determine such fair value. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, and fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize quoted prices in inactive markets for identical assets or liabilities obtained from readily available pricing sources for similar instruments. The fair values determined by Level 3 inputs are unobservable values which are supported by little or no market activity. It is our policy to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy, if any, at the end of the reporting period; however, there have been no such transfers during any of the periods presented.

	Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2017, Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market	$	0.1	$	—	$	—	$	0.1
Debt securities:
MDP Accelerator portfolio	—		—		0.5		0.5
Total assets	$	0.1	$	—	$	0.5	$	0.6
	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016, Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market	$	15.0	$	—	$	—	$	15.0
Debt securities:
MDP Accelerator portfolio	—		—		0.5		0.5
Total assets	$	15.0	$	—	$	0.5	$	15.5

The following table presents our financial instruments measured at fair value using unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Fair Value Measurements Using Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017		Three Months Ended September 30, 2016			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Balance, beginning of period	$	0.5	$	0.7		$	0.5	$	1.3
Conversion	—		—			—		(0.3		)
Settlement	—		—			—		(0.3		)
Impairment	—		(0.5		)	—		(0.5		)
Balance, end of period	$	0.5	$	0.2		$	0.5	$	0.2

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athenahealth, Inc.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited, amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

5. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We are engaged from time to time in certain legal disputes arising in the ordinary course of business, including employment discrimination claims and challenges to our intellectual property. We believe that we have adequate legal defenses and that the likelihood of a loss contingency relating to the ultimate disposition of any of these disputes is remote. When the likelihood of a loss contingency becomes at least reasonably possible with respect to any of these disputes, or, as applicable in the future, if there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss exceeding amounts already recognized may have been incurred, we will revise our disclosures in accordance with the relevant authoritative guidance.

Additionally, we will accrue a liability for loss contingencies when we believe that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and that we can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss. We will review these accruals and adjust them to reflect ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other relevant information. To the extent new information is obtained, and our views on the probable outcomes of claims, suits, assessments, investigations, or legal proceedings change, changes in our accrued liabilities would be recorded in the period in which such determination is made.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements, including statements regarding management's expectations for future financial and operational performance and operating expenditures, expected growth, and business outlook; statements regarding the implementation, timing and impact of the Plan (as defined below); the benefits of and demand for our service offerings; the impact of new accounting pronouncements; seasonality of our business; increased automation; changes in expenses related to operations, selling and marketing, research and development, general and administrative matters, depreciation and amortization, interest and income taxes; the impact of litigation; the impact of foreign currency fluctuations; the impact of acquisitions and associated measurements of fair value; and liquidity matters. Forward-looking statements may be identified with words such as “will,” “may,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “upcoming,” “believe,” “estimates,” or similar terminology, and the negative of these terms.

Forward-looking statements are not promises or guarantees of future performance, and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and which could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in these forward-looking statements. These factors include those set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, under the heading Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for previous 2017 fiscal quarters, and any set forth below in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in each case under Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements.

Overview

athenahealth, Inc. (which we refer to as athenahealth, the Company, we, or our) partners with hospital and ambulatory clients to drive clinical and financial results. We offer network-based medical record, revenue cycle, patient engagement, care coordination, and population health services, as well as Epocrates® and other point-of-care mobile applications. Our network provides clients better insight into their own organizations as well as the ability to learn from the experience of every other provider on the network. Through our model, we infuse the knowledge clients need to thrive in a changing industry directly into their workflow, from clinical guidelines to payer rules. We take on back-office work at scale so providers can focus on patients, not paperwork.

We deliver the majority of our service offerings through a single instance of cloud-based software, which we refer to as athenaNet. Our model combines a cloud-based network, knowledge, and back-office work, which we refer to as network, knowledge, and work, to help healthcare providers leverage technology to automate certain back-office tasks, assist at the point of care, and adapt to changes in government regulatory schemes or billing requirements of payers. We believe that including our clients on the same instance of software creates a network effect that enables each client to benefit from the collective experience of other clients. As our network grows, we believe these benefits also expand and accrue to the benefit of all clients on the network. athenaNet acts as a conduit for the exchange of information among clients, payers, trading partners, and our own experienced team. It enables us to learn continuously, innovate with agility, and deliver near-instant updates that we believe rapidly improve performance. In addition, our clients benefit from back-office administrative work that we perform on their behalf. This work ranges from receiving, scanning, and delivering faxes to tracking claims with payers and managing denials. We automate this work whenever possible; when automation is not an option, we perform the work at massive scale with our internal team. The knowledge we gain from doing work for our clients and discovering ways to improve their performance is culled, curated, and captured within athenaNet through mechanisms that include our proprietary billing rules engine and clinical quality management engine. Using this knowledge, we also proactively coach our clients on best practices to help improve their performance. As we work with clients, payers, and other industry trading partners, more knowledge is infused into each service, which we believe makes athenaNet “smarter” and more powerful for our clients. This unique combination of network, knowledge, and work is fundamental to our service model and value proposition to clients.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we generated revenue of $304.6 million and $891.1 million, respectively, compared to $276.7 million and $794.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Given the scope of our market opportunity, we have also increased our spending each year on growth, innovation, and infrastructure.

Our revenue is predominantly derived from core athenahealth-branded business services. In most cases, we charge clients a percentage of payments collected by us on behalf of our clients, connecting our financial results directly to those of our clients and our ability to drive revenue to medical practices. Therefore, the key drivers of our revenue include growth in the number of providers working within our client accounts, the collections of these providers, and the number of services purchased. To provide these services, we incur expenses in several categories, including cost of revenue, selling and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expense. In general, our cost of revenue increases as our volume of work

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increases, whereas our selling and marketing expense increases in proportion to our intended growth rate of adding new accounts to our network of ambulatory and hospital clients. Our research and development and general and administrative expense categories are less directly related to growth of revenues and relate more to our planning for the future and our overall business management activities. We manage our cash and our use of credit facilities to ensure adequate liquidity and to ensure adherence to related financial covenants.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. In connection with the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our assumptions, estimates, and judgments on historical experience, current trends, and other factors we believe to be relevant at the time we prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained, and as our operating environment changes. On a regular basis, we review the accounting policies and assumptions and update our assumptions, estimates, and judgments to ensure that our condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP. Additionally, we may employ outside experts to assist in our evaluations. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.

Critical accounting policies are those policies used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements that require management to make difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, and to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. For a more detailed discussion of our critical accounting policies, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on February 2, 2017.

Financial Operations Overview

Revenue. We partner with hospital and ambulatory clients to drive clinical and financial results. We derive our revenue from two sources: business services, and implementation and other services. Business services primarily consists of revenue from our athenaNet providers who use our network-enabled medical record, revenue cycle, patient engagement, care coordination, and population health services. Business services also includes revenue from Epocrates® and other point-of-care mobile applications. No single client accounted for a significant percentage of revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Business Services Revenue. Business services revenue accounted for 97% of our total revenues for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, consistent with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Business services revenue for athenahealth-branded services is typically 2% to 8% of a practice’s or health system’s total collections depending upon the services purchased and the size, complexity, and other characteristics of the practice or health system. Accordingly, business services revenue is largely driven by: the number of clients we serve, the number of physicians and other healthcare providers working in those practices, the volume of activity and related collections of those providers, the mix of our services used by those medical practices and healthcare providers, and our contracted rates. There is moderate seasonality in the activity level and service mix of healthcare providers. Typically, discretionary use of healthcare provider services declines during the holiday season, which leads to a decline in collections by our healthcare provider clients in mid-January. Our pharmaceutical clients’ budgeting process impacts the timing of sales of sponsored clinical information and decision support services associated with our mobile applications, which have historically been highest in the fourth quarter. Additionally, our revenues and operating results may fluctuate from quarter to quarter depending on a host of factors including, but not limited to, the severity, length, and timing of seasonal and pandemic illnesses, as well as significant regulatory changes that are implemented during a fiscal year. While we believe that the severity, length, and timing of seasonal and pandemic illnesses will continue to impact collections by our healthcare provider clients, there can be no assurance that our future sales of these services will necessarily follow historical patterns.

Implementation and Other Revenue. Implementation and other revenue consists of all non-core revenue streams, and includes the amortization of deferred revenue on implementation services, as well as third-party operating lease-based tenant revenue. We expect the amortization of deferred implementation fees to decline, as we began including implementation fees in our ongoing monthly rate in 2014 for newly acquired clients.

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Operating Expenses

On October 13, 2017, the Board of Directors approved, and on October 19, 2017, the Company announced, a comprehensive plan, which we refer to as the Plan, designed to increase strategic focus and improve operational efficiency. The Plan is expected to generate $100 million to $115 million in gross pre-tax expense savings. In connection with the Plan, the Company is expected to reduce its workforce by approximately 9%. Implementation of the Plan is expected to result in cumulative pre-tax charges of approximately $15 million to $25 million, primarily related to workforce reductions. The Company currently anticipates completing the majority of the activities related to the Plan by the end of 2018.

Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue primarily consists of compensation expense (including stock-based compensation) related to personnel who provide services, including implementation of new clients, costs associated with our business partner outsourcing arrangements and clearing house, software subscriptions, claim processing costs, costs associated with third-party tenant and other non-core revenues, certain overhead costs, depreciation of certain fixed assets, and amortization of capitalized software development costs and certain purchased intangible assets. We currently expense implementation costs as incurred. However, we expect that upon adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on January 1, 2018, certain costs associated with implementation activities prior to go-live will be capitalized and amortized ratably on a straight-line basis over the average expected customer life. We expect to increase our overall level of automation as we become a larger operation with higher volumes of work in particular functions, lower cost geographies, and medical specialties, as well as streamlining and simplifying client support. However, we will continue to perform work on our clients’ behalf, which will require investments in the near future. Based on current accounting guidance, we expect that cost of revenue will increase in absolute terms and eventually decrease as a percentage of revenue, although we expect that this will take time to be realized, as new investments will be made ahead of automation.

Selling and Marketing Expense. Selling and marketing expense primarily consists of compensation expense (including stock-based compensation) for selling and marketing employees, marketing programs (including trade shows, brand messaging, and online initiatives), certain overhead costs, depreciation of certain fixed assets, and amortization of certain purchased intangible assets. Although we recognize substantially all revenue when services have been delivered, we recognize a large portion of our sales commission expense at the time of contract signature and an additional portion at the time our services commence. Accordingly, we incur a portion of our selling and marketing expense prior to the recognition of the corresponding revenue. We expect that, upon adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on January 1, 2018, certain commissions will be capitalized and amortized ratably on a straight-line basis over the average expected customer life. In connection with the Plan, we are and plan to further continue right-sizing our selling and marketing expense for today’s market conditions, while reallocating resources toward our best opportunity to gain share. As a result, we expect that, in the near-term, selling and marketing expense will decline as a percentage of revenue.

Research and Development Expense. Research and development expense primarily consists of compensation expense (including stock-based compensation) for research and development employees, consulting fees for third-party developers, certain overhead costs, and depreciation of certain fixed assets. We expect that, in the near-term, research and development expenditures will increase in absolute terms and will likely remain constant to slightly up as a percentage of revenue as we develop and enhance new and existing services; however, the amount of expenditures that will be capitalized as software costs versus expensed as research and development costs could vary based on the specific projects we undertake.

General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense primarily consists of compensation expense (including stock-based compensation) for administrative employees, professional fees for third-party accountants, lawyers, and consultants, certain overhead expenses, and depreciation of certain fixed assets. We expect that general and administrative expense will slightly decrease with the implementation of the Plan, but increase modestly in absolute terms over time as we make investments to support our growth. Though expenses are expected to continue to rise in absolute terms, we expect general and administrative expense to decline as a percentage of revenue over time.

Other

Other Expense. Other expense primarily consists of interest costs related to our term and revolving loans under our current credit facility and the amortization of deferred financing fees.

Income Tax (Provision) Benefit. Income tax (provision) benefit relates to federal and state jurisdictions in the United States and India. The difference between our effective tax rate and our statutory rate is mainly related to the amount of research and development credits we generate through the development of our new and enhanced services. We expect that, in the near-term, our effective tax rate will continue to be volatile due to the recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies associated with our recent adoption of the new stock-based compensation standard.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three and Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2017 and 2016

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change					Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2017		2016		Amount			Percent		2017		2016		Amount			Percent
	(in millions)									(in millions)
Business services revenue	$	295.8	$	267.1	$	28.7		11	%	$	867.1	$	768.7	$	98.4		13	%
Implementation and other revenue	8.8		9.6		(0.8		)	(8	)%	24.0		26.0		(2.0		)	(8	)%
Total	$	304.6	$	276.7	$	27.9		10	%	$	891.1	$	794.7	$	96.4		12	%

Total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased due to an increase in business services revenue. The increase in business services revenue was primarily driven by the growth in collections processed. The amount of collections processed was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2017		2016		Amount		Percent		2017		2016		Amount		Percent
	(in millions)								(in millions)
Collections processed	$	6,487.6	$	5,715.0	$	772.6	14	%	$	18,931.7	$	16,481.0	$	2,450.7	15	%

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2017		2016		Amount		Percent		2017		2016		Amount		Percent
	(in millions)								(in millions)
Cost of revenue	$	144.0	$	134.7	$	9.3	7	%	$	432.2	$	400.0	$	32.2	8	%

Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue increased primarily due to compensation costs and costs associated with our business partner outsourcing and clearing house activities. Compensation costs increased $4.7 million and $14.5 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, as a result of a 10% increase in headcount from September 30, 2016. We increased headcount due to an increase in the number of providers added to the network and the expansion of our emerging services.

In addition, costs associated with our business partner outsourcing and clearing house activities increased $4.3 million and $10.0 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, as the number of claims that we processed on behalf of our clients increased during those same periods. The total claims submitted on behalf of clients were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Change			Nine Months Ended September 30,		Change
	2017	2016	Amount	Percent		2017	2016	Amount	Percent
	(in millions)					(in millions)
Total claims submitted	47.9	42.6	5.3	12	%	143.5	126.1	17.4	14	%

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2017		2016		Amount		Percent		2017		2016		Amount		Percent
	(in millions)								(in millions)
Selling and marketing	$	61.8	$	61.5	$	0.3	—	%	$	192.5	$	189.5	$	3.0	2	%
Research and development	44.8		31.0		13.8		45	%	130.0		90.1		39.9		44	%
General and administrative	35.4		34.3		1.1		3	%	104.5		100.9		3.6		4	%
Total	$	142.0	$	126.8	$	15.2	12	%	$	427.0	$	380.5	$	46.5	12	%

Selling and Marketing Expense. Selling and marketing expense stayed relatively flat for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Although compensation costs increased $3.5 million and $11.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, such increases were offset by $4.1 million and $10.4 million decreases in

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marketing program spend for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, as we pursued cost-saving opportunities.

Research and Development Expense. Research and development expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to compensation costs driven by our platform strategy work and investments in our hospital service. Compensation costs increased $7.8 million and $24.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, largely due to an increase in expensed versus capitalized projects in the current periods. In addition, key employee retention costs associated with our acquisitions of Filament Labs, Inc., or Patient IO, and Praxify Technologies, Inc., or Praxify, contributed $2.3 million and $4.8 million, respectively, to research and development expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to the use of consultants. Consulting expense increased $5.3 million and $9.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. We used consultants in numerous capacities, including assistance in identifying significant cost-savings opportunities related to the Plan, temporarily staffing open positions, and assisting in our analysis and implementation of the new revenue recognition standard.

The increase in consulting fees in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was largely offset by the absence of lease termination and exit costs in the current year, which accounted for $2.3 million and $4.0 million of general and administrative expense during those same periods in the prior year.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,						Change
	2017			2016			Amount			Percent	2017			2016			Amount			Percent
	(in millions)										(in millions)
Income tax (provision) benefit	$	(4.2	)	$	0.1		$	(4.3	)	*	$	(6.1	)	$	1.7		$	(7.8	)	*
Effective tax rate	24.4		%	(0.7		)%					22.1		%	(17.9		)%

* Percentage change is not meaningful.

Income Tax (Provision) Benefit. The difference in our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, is primarily due to the impact of the implementation of the new stock-based compensation standard, as excess tax benefits and shortfalls are now recorded in the income tax benefit or provision versus in additional paid-in capital, where they were recorded historically.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

As of September 30, 2017, our principal source of liquidity consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $122.7 million compared to cash and cash equivalents of $147.4 million as of December 31, 2016. In addition, we have a credit agreement, which consists of a $500.0 million senior credit facility comprised of a $300.0 million unsecured term loan facility and a $200.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, which we refer to as the 2015 Senior Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $277.5 million and $292.5 million, respectively, outstanding on the unsecured term loan facility. As of both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $200.0 million available on the unsecured revolving credit facility.

Our credit agreement may be used to refinance existing indebtedness, and for working capital and other general corporate purposes. We may increase the revolving credit facility up to an additional $100.0 million and may increase the term loan facility to the extent that such amount will not cause us to be in breach of our financial covenants (such as compliance with a consolidated fixed charge coverage, consolidated leverage, and consolidated senior leverage ratios), subject to certain conditions, including obtaining lender commitments. The 2015 Senior Credit Facility matures on May 5, 2020, although we may prepay the 2015 Senior Credit Facility in whole or in part at any time without premium or penalty. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with our covenants under the 2015 credit agreement.

Our cash balance declined in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 due to our acquisition of Praxify. However, we believe our current sources of liquidity will be sufficient to sustain operations, to make payments on our contractual obligations, and to purchase property and equipment in the normal course of business in the foreseeable future. Our 2015 Senior Credit Facility, including our currently unutilized $200.0 million line of credit, provides additional flexibility to pursue strategic initiatives in the future, if needed. Our analysis is supported by the growth in our new client base and a high rate of renewal with our existing clients, as well as the corresponding increase in billings and collections. However, there can be no assurance that we will continue to generate cash flows at or above current levels or that we will be able to maintain our ability to borrow under these credit facilities or obtain additional financing.

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Commitments

We enter into various purchase commitments with vendors in the normal course of business. We believe that our existing sources of liquidity will be adequate to fund these purchases during the 2017 fiscal year. In the normal course of business, we make representations and warranties that guarantee the performance of services under service arrangements with clients. Historically, there have been no material losses related to such guarantees.

Operating Cash Flow Activities

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			Change
	(in millions)
Net income	$	21.5		$	11.2		$	10.3
Non-cash adjustments	155.9			149.9			6.0
Net income after non-cash adjustments are added back	177.4			161.1			16.3
Cash used in changes in operating assets and liabilities	(20.8		)	(25.1		)	4.3
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	156.6		$	136.0		$	20.6

Net cash provided by operating activities increased $20.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to an increase in net income excluding the effect of non-cash items.

Investing Cash Flow Activities

Net cash used in investing activities increased $26.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to a $24.2 million increase in payments on acquisitions, net of cash acquired, as a result of our purchase of Praxify. We expect to continue to invest in capitalized software costs and property and equipment as we continue to develop new and enhance existing services, respectively.

Financing Cash Flow Activities

The increase in net cash used in financing activities was $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an additional $7.5 million in principal payments on our 2015 Senior Credit Facility in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 that were not made during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

For the foreseeable future, we anticipate that income taxes paid for the net settlement of restricted stock unit awards will be greater than the cash received for stock option exercises primarily due to the increase in the issuance of restricted stock units compared to stock options.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as “special purpose” entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Other than our operating leases, which are primarily for office space and data centers, we do not engage in off-balance sheet financing arrangements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk. Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in the Indian rupee. An insignificant amount of our consolidated revenues is generated outside of the United States. Some of our contracts with offshore vendors are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, namely Indian rupees. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, approximately 2% of our expenses occurred in our operations in India, compared to 1% for the same periods in 2016. We therefore do not believe that the risk of a significant impact on our operating income from foreign currency fluctuations is likely.

Interest Rate Risk. The 2015 Senior Credit Facility bears interest at the British Bankers Association London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, plus an interest margin based on (i) our consolidated leverage ratio, or (ii) the base rate (which is the highest of (a) the Bank of America prime rate, (b) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.50%, and (c) one month LIBOR plus 1.00%) plus an interest margin based on our consolidated leverage ratio. Accordingly, we are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates on

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borrowings under the 2015 Senior Credit Facility. A one hundred basis point change in the interest rate on our borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2017 would result in an annual change in interest expense of $2.8 million.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As of September 30, 2017 (the “Evaluation Date”), our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934). Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded based upon the evaluation described above that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting for the three months ended September 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

On May 21, 2015, a class action petition was filed by St. Louis Heart Center, Inc. in the State Circuit Court of St. Louis County, Missouri, against athenahealth. The petition alleges we violated the Telephone Consumer Protection Act.  Following service, we removed the case to federal court in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, Case No. 4:15-cv-01215. After filing our answer in the case on March 8, 2016, we moved for and obtained a stay of the action pending a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in Bais Yaakov of Spring Valley v. FCC, No. 14-1234, regarding the validity of a regulation promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, relating to the claims asserted in the petition. On March 31, 2017, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit issued its decision, invalidating the FCC regulation in question. On April 7, 2017, we notified the federal court of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit's decision in Bais Yaakov. On joint motion of the parties, the federal court on May 9, 2017 reinstated the stay, pending any further appellate review of the D.C. Circuit’s decision in Bais Yaakov. On September 5, 2017, a petition for a writ of certiorari as to the D.C. Circuit's decision in Bais Yaakov was filed with the United State Supreme Court, which remains pending.

In addition, from time to time we may be subject to other legal proceedings, claims, and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We do not, however, currently expect that the ultimate costs to resolve any pending matter will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors that were disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

18

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Exhibit Description
†10.1	Separation Agreement between athenahealth, Inc. and Karl Stubelis, dated July 10, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company on July 14, 2017).
†10.2	Employment Agreement between athenahealth, Inc. and John A. Kane, dated July 21, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed by the Company on July 25, 2017).
10.3	Amended and Restated Services Agreement by and between athenahealth, Inc. and Access Healthcare Services USA, LLC, dated August 8, 2017, portions of which have been omitted pursuant to a confidential treatment request (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company on August 10, 2017).
31.1*	Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2*	Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1*^	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act rules 13a-14(b) or 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101*	XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language). The following materials from athenahealth, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, formatted in XBRL:
	(i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
	(ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
	(iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
	(iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
	(v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

†	Indicates a management contract or any compensatory plan, contract, or arrangement.
*	Filed or furnished herewith.
^	This certification will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent specifically incorporated by reference into such filing.

19

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

ATHENAHEALTH, INC.
By:	/s/   Jonathan Bush
	Jonathan Bush
	Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chairman
By:	/s/   John A. Kane
	John A. Kane
	Interim Chief Financial Officer

Date: October 19, 2017

20

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

Certification

I, Jonathan Bush, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of athenahealth, Inc;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	October 19, 2017	/s/ Jonathan Bush
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

Certification

I, John A. Kane, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of athenahealth, Inc;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	October 19, 2017	/s/ John A. Kane
		Interim Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

The following certification is being made to the Securities and Exchange Commission solely for purposes of Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350). This certification is not to be deemed a part of the Report, nor is it deemed to be “filed” for any purpose whatsoever.

In accordance with the requirements of Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 USC 1350), each of the undersigned hereby certifies, to our knowledge, that:

(i) this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, which this statement accompanies, fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)); and

(ii) the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of athenahealth, Inc.

Dated as of this 19th day of October 2017

s/ Jonathan Bush	/s/ John A. Kane
Jonathan Bush Chief Executive Officer	John A. Kane Interim Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Oct. 16, 2017
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Trading Symbol	ATHN
Entity Registrant Name	ATHENAHEALTH INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001131096
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		40,017,689

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 122.7	$ 147.4
Accounts receivable, net	163.9	161.6
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	42.8	34.2
Total current assets	329.4	343.2
Property and equipment, net	361.5	347.7
Capitalized software costs, net	136.0	125.8
Purchased intangible assets, net	113.7	112.1
Goodwill	274.4	240.7
Deferred tax asset, net	44.9	2.2
Investments and other assets	24.4	17.5
Total assets	1,284.3	1,189.2
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	10.7	9.5
Accrued compensation	83.7	89.7
Accrued expenses	53.9	51.7
Current portion of long-term debt	18.3	18.3
Deferred revenue	30.9	28.7
Total current liabilities	197.5	197.9
Deferred rent, net of current portion	29.8	30.8
Long-term debt, net of current portion	258.1	272.8
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	48.6	48.4
Other long-term liabilities	5.2	6.0
Total liabilities	539.2	555.9
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 5.0 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	0.0	0.0
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 125.0 shares authorized; 41.3 shares issued and 40.0 shares outstanding at September 30, 2017; 40.8 shares issued and 39.5 shares outstanding at December 31, 2016	0.4	0.4
Additional paid-in capital	633.3	591.5
Treasury stock, at cost, 1.3 shares	(1.2)	(1.2)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(0.6)	(0.9)
Retained earnings	113.2	43.5
Total stockholders’ equity	745.1	633.3
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,284.3	$ 1,189.2

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000.0	5,000,000.0
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	125,000,000.0	125,000,000.0
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	41,300,000	40,800,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	40,000,000	39,500,000
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	1,300,000	1,300,000

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Revenue:
Business services	$ 295.8	$ 267.1	$ 867.1	$ 768.7
Implementation and other	8.8	9.6	24.0	26.0
Total revenue	304.6	276.7	891.1	794.7
Cost of revenue	144.0	134.7	432.2	400.0
Gross profit	160.6	142.0	458.9	394.7
Other operating expenses:
Selling and marketing	61.8	61.5	192.5	189.5
Research and development	44.8	31.0	130.0	90.1
General and administrative	35.4	34.3	104.5	100.9
Total other operating expenses	142.0	126.8	427.0	380.5
Operating income	18.6	15.2	31.9	14.2
Other expense	(1.4)	(1.4)	(4.3)	(4.7)
Income before income tax (provision) benefit	17.2	13.8	27.6	9.5
Income tax (provision) benefit	(4.2)	0.1	(6.1)	1.7
Net income	$ 13.0	$ 13.9	$ 21.5	$ 11.2
Net income per share - Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.33	$ 0.35	$ 0.54	$ 0.29
Net income per share - Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.32	$ 0.35	$ 0.53	$ 0.28
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share:
Basic (in shares)	39.9	39.4	39.8	39.2
Diluted (in shares)	40.7	40.0	40.6	40.0

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 13.0	$ 13.9	$ 21.5	$ 11.2
Other comprehensive income
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of tax	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(0.1)	0.1	0.3	0.0
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(0.1)	0.2	0.3	0.1
Comprehensive income	$ 12.9	$ 14.1	$ 21.8	$ 11.3

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$ 21.5	$ 11.2
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	109.3	104.0
Excess tax benefit from stock-based awards	0.0	(1.4)
Deferred income tax	4.2	(3.1)
Stock-based compensation expense	42.5	50.7
Other reconciling adjustments	(0.1)	(0.3)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(2.2)	(3.1)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(8.6)	(7.7)
Other long-term assets	(6.8)	(3.2)
Accounts payable	0.6	2.2
Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities	2.4	1.4
Accrued compensation	(8.2)	(7.5)
Deferred revenue	2.4	(7.8)
Deferred rent	(0.4)	0.6
Net cash provided by operating activities	156.6	136.0
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capitalized software costs	(55.1)	(68.1)
Purchases of property and equipment	(66.8)	(52.9)
Payments on acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(41.1)	(16.9)
Other investing activities	0.0	0.9
Net cash used in investing activities	(163.0)	(137.0)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under stock plans and warrants	13.4	14.1
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of stock awards	(17.1)	(18.7)
Excess tax benefit from stock-based awards	0.0	1.4
Payments on long-term debt	(15.0)	(7.5)
Other financing activities	0.1	(0.1)
Net cash used in financing activities	(18.6)	(10.8)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	0.3	(0.1)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(24.7)	(11.9)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	147.4	141.9
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	122.7	130.0
Non-cash transaction
Property, equipment, and purchased and internally-developed software recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses	12.6	7.9
Additional disclosures
Cash paid for interest, net	4.5	5.0
Cash paid for taxes	$ 1.1	$ 0.2

XML

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

General –The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by athenahealth, Inc. (which we refer to as the Company, we, us, or our) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, for interim financial reporting and as required by Regulation S-X, Rule 10-01, and include the results of operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of items of a normal and recurring nature) necessary to fairly present the financial position as of September 30, 2017, the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017and2016, and cash flows for theninemonths endedSeptember 30, 2017and2016.The results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. When preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material.

Subsequent Event – On October 13, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a comprehensive plan, which we refer to as the Plan, designed to increase strategic focus and improve operational efficiency. Implementation of the Plan is expected to result in cumulative pre-tax charges of approximately $15 million to $25 million, primarily related to workforce reductions.

Related Party Transaction – We have a long-term investment in Access Healthcare Services Private Limited, a vendor that provides business partner outsourcing services for us. The total expense related to this vendor for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017was $15.6 million and $45.5 million, respectively, and was $12.0 million and $31.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The total amount payable related to this vendor at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $5.4 million and $4.6 million, respectively.

A member of our Board of Directors also serves as a director of one of our clients. The total revenue recognized for this client for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $4.8 million and $14.3 million, respectively, and was $3.8 million and $10.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The total receivables related to this client were $1.6 million and $1.4 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Recently Adopted Pronouncement –In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued new guidance which changes the accounting for stock-based compensation. The guidance simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2017, using a modified retrospective approach, which requires the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard to be recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings of the annual reporting period that includes the date of initial application, and which resulted in a cumulative-effect increase of $49.2 million to retained earnings and deferred tax assets. Upon adoption, we now recognize all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. We no longer present excess tax benefits within cash flows from financing activities but instead present these cash flows in cash flows from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Prior to adoption, the excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies were recorded to additional paid-in capital and excess tax benefits were not recorded until they were able to be utilized. In addition, we elected to no longer calculate an estimate of expected forfeitures and began recognizing forfeitures as they occurred, including a cumulative-effect decrease of $1.0 million to retained earnings at January 1, 2017 with the offset as an increase to additional paid-in capital. See table below for the changes in beginning stockholders' equity as a result of this implementation.

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Treasury Stock					Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount				Shares		Amount
BALANCE – December 31, 2016	40.8	$	0.4	$	591.5	(1.3	)	$	(1.2	)	$	(0.9	)	$	43.5	$	633.3
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standard	—	—		1.0		—		—			—			48.2		49.2
BALANCE – January 1, 2017	40.8	$	0.4	$	592.5	(1.3	)	$	(1.2	)	$	(0.9	)	$	91.7	$	682.5

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted – The new revenue recognition guidance, which was issued in March 2014 and amended thereafter, is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those reporting periods. The new revenue standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. In addition, the new standard provides guidance on accounting for certain revenue-related costs including costs associated with obtaining and fulfilling a contract.

While the impact of this standard will vary across our industry peers, our unique go-to-market strategy centered around charging a percentage of our clients’ collections for our services within athenaOne deals, combined with our offering that essentially provides a series of integrated services and our clients’ ability to terminate our services at a fixed number of days’ notice without a significant penalty, will result in additional complexity in our pattern of revenue recognition compared to the current revenue recognition pattern. We have reached conclusions on key accounting assessments and are completing the development of new processes to prepare for the adoption of and ongoing accounting under the new standard. These new processes include implementing a new information technology system and creating additional internal controls over financial reporting.

We are continuing to quantify the impact of the adoption of the new standard, as well as its continuing impact to our financial statements after adoption. Under today’s accounting standards, the criterion impacting the timing of our revenue recognition is the requirement of fees to be either fixed or determinable; therefore, we do not recognize revenue for many athenaOne-based business services deals until these collections are posted, as the fees are not fixed or determinable until such time. The new guidance does not limit the recognition of revenue to only fees that are fixed or determinable. Instead, the standard focuses on recognizing revenue as value is transferred to customers. The impact on our athenaOne services offering is a revenue recognition and reporting model that reflects revenue recognized over time rather than delaying the recognition of revenue until the point in time in which the fees to be charged become determinable. For athenaOne arrangements, we will estimate the value of the consideration we will earn over the remaining contractual period as our services are provided and recognize the fees over the term; this estimation typically involves predicting the amounts our clients will ultimately collect associated with the services they provide with the assistance of athenaNet. Because most of our contracts require our clients to provide a fixed number of days’ notice prior to terminating our services, our contractual terms reset daily, requiring us to estimate the amount of consideration to be paid to us over the constantly changing period in which our contracts are legally enforceable. As such, we believe the measurement of athenaOne-based revenue will be a significant estimate under the new revenue standard.

We anticipate that the new revenue standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements with respect to the capitalization of certain commissions and contract fulfillment costs, which we currently expense as incurred. Under the new standard, certain costs to obtain a contract, which primarily relate to commissions paid to employees and third parties, and our contract fulfillment costs, which primarily relate to the implementation of a client, will be deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance or a longer period, generally the estimated life of the customer relationship, if renewals are expected.

The new standard provides companies with two implementation methods. Companies can choose to adopt the standard retrospectively and apply the guidance to each prior reporting period presented. Alternatively, a modified retrospective adoption methodology is permitted, whereby the cumulative impact of all prior periods would be recorded in retained earnings or other impacted balance sheet line items as of January 1, 2018, the date of adoption. Under this method, previously presented years’ financial positions and results would not be adjusted; however, certain disclosures are required to be presented for comparability to prior years’ results. We plan to adopt this standard using the modified retrospective method. Under the modified retrospective adoption method, we have elected to retroactively adjust only those contracts that do not meet the definition of a completed contract at the date of initial application. As a result, our initial adjustments to costs to obtain and costs to fulfill a contract may not be indicative of future capitalization amounts once the new revenue standard is effective.

In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance to address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The most significant impact to our consolidated financial statements relates to the recognition and measurement of equity investments, which are currently carried at cost, but will be measured at fair value in our consolidated statement of income. We are evaluating the impact to our consolidated financial statements but expect that it could have a significant impact, including additional volatility in other income (expense) within our statement of income in future periods as a result of the measurement of equity securities upon observable price changes and impairments. We expect to elect the measurement alternative for all equity investments without readily determinable fair values, which is defined as cost, less impairments, adjusted by observable price changes on a prospective basis. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted with specific application guidance; we currently do not expect that we will early adopt this standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance for leases. The new lease guidance most significantly impacts lessee accounting and disclosures. First, this guidance requires lessees to identify arrangements that should be accounted for as leases. Under this guidance, for lease arrangements exceeding a 12-month term, a right-of-use asset and lease obligation is recorded by the lessee for all leases, whether operating or financing, while the income statement reflects lease expense for operating leases and amortization and interest expense for financing leases. The balance sheet amount recorded for existing leases at the date of adoption of this guidance must be calculated using the applicable incremental borrowing rate at the date of adoption. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. In addition, the new lease guidance requires the use of the modified retrospective method. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We anticipate that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, as all long-term leases will be capitalized on the consolidated balance sheet. We currently do not intend to early adopt this standard.

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Business Combinations [Abstract]

BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Praxify

On June 23, 2017, we acquired Praxify Technologies, Inc., or Praxify, a Palo Alto-based company focused on reinventing how doctors work with health data to drive productivity, portability, and improved decision support. We acquired Praxify to advance our platform strategy and mobile capabilities to drive streamlined workflows and intelligence at and around the moments of care. We anticipate that this acquisition will accelerate our research and development initiatives by adding significant expertise in mobile and user experience design. Additionally, the underlying technology on which Praxify is built will be integrated into our platform, and we anticipate it will create new opportunities for both internal and third-party developers to rapidly build and launch applications.

The purchase price of Praxify was $41.1 million, net of cash acquired. The purchase price excludes $16.5 million anticipated to be earned by key employees of Praxify based upon continued employment, which is accounted for as compensation expense and will be recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income over the requisite service period. The fair value of net assets acquired primarily consisted of purchased intangible assets of $15.7 million related to technology. The $33.8 million excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. We incurred transaction costs of $1.4 million associated with this acquisition.

We believe that we have a reasonable basis for estimating the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, but certain items, such as the working capital adjustments to the purchase price, income taxes adjustments, and adjustments to the valuation of acquired technology, are subject to change as additional information is received about facts and circumstances that existed at the date of acquisition. Thus, the provisional measurements of fair value set forth above are subject to change. We expect to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition date.

Patient IO

On August 25, 2016, we acquired Filament Labs, Inc. (doing business as Patient IO), an Austin-based care coordination platform used by providers to engage patients and caregivers outside of the clinic. We acquired Patient IO to strengthen our ability to partner with providers as they deliver value-based care. We anticipate this acquisition will accelerate our movement toward becoming a trusted resource and partner to the patient.

The purchase price of Patient IO was $15.2 million, net of cash acquired. The purchase price excludes $9.6 million to be earned by key employees of Patient IO based upon continued employment, which is accounted for as compensation expense and will be recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income over the requisite service period. The fair value of net assets acquired included purchased intangible assets of $5.3 million related to technology acquired and $0.6 million related to customer relationships. The $10.7 million excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.

Arsenal Health

On April 11, 2016, we acquired Arsenal Health, formerly known as Smart Scheduling, Inc., for $1.7 million. We purchased Arsenal Health to add its schedule optimization functionality to our athenaCoordinator offering. We expect this acquisition to accelerate our capabilities in machine learning and predictive analytics. The fair value of the purchased intangible assets related to technology acquired was $0.9 million. The $0.8 million excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the purchased intangible assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which is deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. In conjunction with this acquisition, Smart Scheduling, Inc. settled the convertible note receivable and related interest from our More Disruption Please, or MDP, Accelerator Program, which represented a total fair value of $0.3 million.

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period under the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities include stock options, restricted stock units, and shares to be purchased under the employee stock purchase plan. Under the treasury stock method, dilutive securities are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the periods and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Securities are excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive to earnings per share; therefore, in periods of net loss, shares used to calculate basic and dilutive net loss per share are equivalent.

The following table reconciles the weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Net income	$	13.0	$	13.9	$	21.5	$	11.2
Weighted average shares used in computing basic net income per share	39.9		39.4		39.8		39.2
Net income per share – Basic	$	0.33	$	0.35	$	0.54	$	0.29
Net income	$	13.0	$	13.9	$	21.5	$	11.2
Weighted average shares used in computing basic net income per share	39.9		39.4		39.8		39.2
Effect of dilutive securities	0.8		0.6		0.8		0.8
Weighted average shares used in computing diluted net income per share	40.7		40.0		40.6		40.0
Net income per share – Diluted	$	0.32	$	0.35	$	0.53	$	0.28

The computation of diluted net income per share does not include 0.2 million and 0.4 million shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and 0.3 million and 0.4 million shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, because their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect on net income per share.

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximated their estimated fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Money market funds are valued using a market approach based upon the quoted market prices of identical instruments when available or other observable inputs such as trading prices of identical instruments in inactive markets or similar securities.

Our MDP Accelerator program is designed to cultivate health care information technology start-ups and expand services offered to our provider network. MDP Accelerator portfolio investments as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are typically made in the form of convertible notes receivable or cost method investments, which are included in investments and other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2017, as there is no indication of performance risk, we estimate that the fair value of the notes receivable approximates cost, based on inputs including the original transaction prices, our own recent transactions in the same or similar instruments, completed or pending third-party transactions in the underlying investments, subsequent rounds of financing, and changes in financial ratios or cash flows.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $277.5 million and $292.5 million, respectively, outstanding on our term loan facility and we had not drawn on the revolving credit facility under our senior credit facility. The credit facility carries a variable interest rate set at current market rates, and as such, the carrying value approximates fair value.

The following table presents information about our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques we utilized to determine such fair value. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, and fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize quoted prices in inactive markets for identical assets or liabilities obtained from readily available pricing sources for similar instruments. The fair values determined by Level 3 inputs are unobservable values which are supported by little or no market activity. It is our policy to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy, if any, at the end of the reporting period; however, there have been no such transfers during any of the periods presented.

	Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2017, Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market	$	0.1	$	—	$	—	$	0.1
Debt securities:
MDP Accelerator portfolio	—		—		0.5		0.5
Total assets	$	0.1	$	—	$	0.5	$	0.6
	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016, Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market	$	15.0	$	—	$	—	$	15.0
Debt securities:
MDP Accelerator portfolio	—		—		0.5		0.5
Total assets	$	15.0	$	—	$	0.5	$	15.5

The following table presents our financial instruments measured at fair value using unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Fair Value Measurements Using Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017		Three Months Ended September 30, 2016			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Balance, beginning of period	$	0.5	$	0.7		$	0.5	$	1.3
Conversion	—		—			—		(0.3		)
Settlement	—		—			—		(0.3		)
Impairment	—		(0.5		)	—		(0.5		)
Balance, end of period	$	0.5	$	0.2		$	0.5	$	0.2

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We are engaged from time to time in certain legal disputes arising in the ordinary course of business, including employment discrimination claims and challenges to our intellectual property. We believe that we have adequate legal defenses and that the likelihood of a loss contingency relating to the ultimate disposition of any of these disputes is remote. When the likelihood of a loss contingency becomes at least reasonably possible with respect to any of these disputes, or, as applicable in the future, if there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss exceeding amounts already recognized may have been incurred, we will revise our disclosures in accordance with the relevant authoritative guidance.

Additionally, we will accrue a liability for loss contingencies when we believe that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and that we can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss. We will review these accruals and adjust them to reflect ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other relevant information. To the extent new information is obtained, and our views on the probable outcomes of claims, suits, assessments, investigations, or legal proceedings change, changes in our accrued liabilities would be recorded in the period in which such determination is made.

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

General –The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by athenahealth, Inc. (which we refer to as the Company, we, us, or our) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, for interim financial reporting and as required by Regulation S-X, Rule 10-01, and include the results of operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of items of a normal and recurring nature) necessary to fairly present the financial position as of September 30, 2017, the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017and2016, and cash flows for theninemonths endedSeptember 30, 2017and2016.The results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. When preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material.

Subsequent Event – On October 13, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a comprehensive plan, which we refer to as the Plan, designed to increase strategic focus and improve operational efficiency. Implementation of the Plan is expected to result in cumulative pre-tax charges of approximately $15 million to $25 million, primarily related to workforce reductions.

Recently Adopted and New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted – The new revenue recognition guidance, which was issued in March 2014 and amended thereafter, is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those reporting periods. The new revenue standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. In addition, the new standard provides guidance on accounting for certain revenue-related costs including costs associated with obtaining and fulfilling a contract.

While the impact of this standard will vary across our industry peers, our unique go-to-market strategy centered around charging a percentage of our clients’ collections for our services within athenaOne deals, combined with our offering that essentially provides a series of integrated services and our clients’ ability to terminate our services at a fixed number of days’ notice without a significant penalty, will result in additional complexity in our pattern of revenue recognition compared to the current revenue recognition pattern. We have reached conclusions on key accounting assessments and are completing the development of new processes to prepare for the adoption of and ongoing accounting under the new standard. These new processes include implementing a new information technology system and creating additional internal controls over financial reporting.

We are continuing to quantify the impact of the adoption of the new standard, as well as its continuing impact to our financial statements after adoption. Under today’s accounting standards, the criterion impacting the timing of our revenue recognition is the requirement of fees to be either fixed or determinable; therefore, we do not recognize revenue for many athenaOne-based business services deals until these collections are posted, as the fees are not fixed or determinable until such time. The new guidance does not limit the recognition of revenue to only fees that are fixed or determinable. Instead, the standard focuses on recognizing revenue as value is transferred to customers. The impact on our athenaOne services offering is a revenue recognition and reporting model that reflects revenue recognized over time rather than delaying the recognition of revenue until the point in time in which the fees to be charged become determinable. For athenaOne arrangements, we will estimate the value of the consideration we will earn over the remaining contractual period as our services are provided and recognize the fees over the term; this estimation typically involves predicting the amounts our clients will ultimately collect associated with the services they provide with the assistance of athenaNet. Because most of our contracts require our clients to provide a fixed number of days’ notice prior to terminating our services, our contractual terms reset daily, requiring us to estimate the amount of consideration to be paid to us over the constantly changing period in which our contracts are legally enforceable. As such, we believe the measurement of athenaOne-based revenue will be a significant estimate under the new revenue standard.

We anticipate that the new revenue standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements with respect to the capitalization of certain commissions and contract fulfillment costs, which we currently expense as incurred. Under the new standard, certain costs to obtain a contract, which primarily relate to commissions paid to employees and third parties, and our contract fulfillment costs, which primarily relate to the implementation of a client, will be deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance or a longer period, generally the estimated life of the customer relationship, if renewals are expected.

The new standard provides companies with two implementation methods. Companies can choose to adopt the standard retrospectively and apply the guidance to each prior reporting period presented. Alternatively, a modified retrospective adoption methodology is permitted, whereby the cumulative impact of all prior periods would be recorded in retained earnings or other impacted balance sheet line items as of January 1, 2018, the date of adoption. Under this method, previously presented years’ financial positions and results would not be adjusted; however, certain disclosures are required to be presented for comparability to prior years’ results. We plan to adopt this standard using the modified retrospective method. Under the modified retrospective adoption method, we have elected to retroactively adjust only those contracts that do not meet the definition of a completed contract at the date of initial application. As a result, our initial adjustments to costs to obtain and costs to fulfill a contract may not be indicative of future capitalization amounts once the new revenue standard is effective.

In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance to address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The most significant impact to our consolidated financial statements relates to the recognition and measurement of equity investments, which are currently carried at cost, but will be measured at fair value in our consolidated statement of income. We are evaluating the impact to our consolidated financial statements but expect that it could have a significant impact, including additional volatility in other income (expense) within our statement of income in future periods as a result of the measurement of equity securities upon observable price changes and impairments. We expect to elect the measurement alternative for all equity investments without readily determinable fair values, which is defined as cost, less impairments, adjusted by observable price changes on a prospective basis. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted with specific application guidance; we currently do not expect that we will early adopt this standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance for leases. The new lease guidance most significantly impacts lessee accounting and disclosures. First, this guidance requires lessees to identify arrangements that should be accounted for as leases. Under this guidance, for lease arrangements exceeding a 12-month term, a right-of-use asset and lease obligation is recorded by the lessee for all leases, whether operating or financing, while the income statement reflects lease expense for operating leases and amortization and interest expense for financing leases. The balance sheet amount recorded for existing leases at the date of adoption of this guidance must be calculated using the applicable incremental borrowing rate at the date of adoption. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. In addition, the new lease guidance requires the use of the modified retrospective method. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We anticipate that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, as all long-term leases will be capitalized on the consolidated balance sheet. We currently do not intend to early adopt this standard.

Recently Adopted Pronouncement –In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued new guidance which changes the accounting for stock-based compensation. The guidance simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2017, using a modified retrospective approach, which requires the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard to be recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings of the annual reporting period that includes the date of initial application, and which resulted in a cumulative-effect increase of $49.2 million to retained earnings and deferred tax assets. Upon adoption, we now recognize all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. We no longer present excess tax benefits within cash flows from financing activities but instead present these cash flows in cash flows from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Prior to adoption, the excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies were recorded to additional paid-in capital and excess tax benefits were not recorded until they were able to be utilized. In addition, we elected to no longer calculate an estimate of expected forfeitures and began recognizing forfeitures as they occurred, including a cumulative-effect decrease of $1.0 million to retained earnings at January 1, 2017 with the offset as an increase to additional paid-in capital.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period under the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities include stock options, restricted stock units, and shares to be purchased under the employee stock purchase plan. Under the treasury stock method, dilutive securities are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the periods and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Securities are excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive to earnings per share; therefore, in periods of net loss, shares used to calculate basic and dilutive net loss per share are equivalent.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximated their estimated fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Money market funds are valued using a market approach based upon the quoted market prices of identical instruments when available or other observable inputs such as trading prices of identical instruments in inactive markets or similar securities.

Our MDP Accelerator program is designed to cultivate health care information technology start-ups and expand services offered to our provider network. MDP Accelerator portfolio investments as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are typically made in the form of convertible notes receivable or cost method investments, which are included in investments and other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2017, as there is no indication of performance risk, we estimate that the fair value of the notes receivable approximates cost, based on inputs including the original transaction prices, our own recent transactions in the same or similar instruments, completed or pending third-party transactions in the underlying investments, subsequent rounds of financing, and changes in financial ratios or cash flows.

Commitments and Contingencies

We are engaged from time to time in certain legal disputes arising in the ordinary course of business, including employment discrimination claims and challenges to our intellectual property. We believe that we have adequate legal defenses and that the likelihood of a loss contingency relating to the ultimate disposition of any of these disputes is remote. When the likelihood of a loss contingency becomes at least reasonably possible with respect to any of these disputes, or, as applicable in the future, if there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss exceeding amounts already recognized may have been incurred, we will revise our disclosures in accordance with the relevant authoritative guidance.

Additionally, we will accrue a liability for loss contingencies when we believe that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and that we can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss. We will review these accruals and adjust them to reflect ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other relevant information. To the extent new information is obtained, and our views on the probable outcomes of claims, suits, assessments, investigations, or legal proceedings change, changes in our accrued liabilities would be recorded in the period in which such determination is made.

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Beginning Stockholders' Equity

See table below for the changes in beginning stockholders' equity as a result of this implementation.

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Treasury Stock					Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount				Shares		Amount
BALANCE – December 31, 2016	40.8	$	0.4	$	591.5	(1.3	)	$	(1.2	)	$	(0.9	)	$	43.5	$	633.3
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standard	—	—		1.0		—		—			—			48.2		49.2
BALANCE – January 1, 2017	40.8	$	0.4	$	592.5	(1.3	)	$	(1.2	)	$	(0.9	)	$	91.7	$	682.5

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table reconciles the weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Net income	$	13.0	$	13.9	$	21.5	$	11.2
Weighted average shares used in computing basic net income per share	39.9		39.4		39.8		39.2
Net income per share – Basic	$	0.33	$	0.35	$	0.54	$	0.29
Net income	$	13.0	$	13.9	$	21.5	$	11.2
Weighted average shares used in computing basic net income per share	39.9		39.4		39.8		39.2
Effect of dilutive securities	0.8		0.6		0.8		0.8
Weighted average shares used in computing diluted net income per share	40.7		40.0		40.6		40.0
Net income per share – Diluted	$	0.32	$	0.35	$	0.53	$	0.28

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques we utilized to determine such fair value. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, and fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize quoted prices in inactive markets for identical assets or liabilities obtained from readily available pricing sources for similar instruments. The fair values determined by Level 3 inputs are unobservable values which are supported by little or no market activity. It is our policy to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy, if any, at the end of the reporting period; however, there have been no such transfers during any of the periods presented.

	Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2017, Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market	$	0.1	$	—	$	—	$	0.1
Debt securities:
MDP Accelerator portfolio	—		—		0.5		0.5
Total assets	$	0.1	$	—	$	0.5	$	0.6
	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016, Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market	$	15.0	$	—	$	—	$	15.0
Debt securities:
MDP Accelerator portfolio	—		—		0.5		0.5
Total assets	$	15.0	$	—	$	0.5	$	15.5

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation

The following table presents our financial instruments measured at fair value using unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Fair Value Measurements Using Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017		Three Months Ended September 30, 2016			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Balance, beginning of period	$	0.5	$	0.7		$	0.5	$	1.3
Conversion	—		—			—		(0.3		)
Settlement	—		—			—		(0.3		)
Impairment	—		(0.5		)	—		(0.5		)
Balance, end of period	$	0.5	$	0.2		$	0.5	$	0.2

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Oct. 13, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Jan. 01, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, Excess Tax Benefit Component
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Increase in deferred tax assets						$ 49.2
Retained Earnings
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cumulative effect of new accounting principle							$ 48.2
Retained Earnings | Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, Excess Tax Benefit Component
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cumulative effect of new accounting principle							49.2
Retained Earnings | Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, Forfeiture Rate Component
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cumulative effect of new accounting principle							(1.0)
Additional Paid-In Capital
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cumulative effect of new accounting principle							1.0
Additional Paid-In Capital | Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, Forfeiture Rate Component
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cumulative effect of new accounting principle						$ 1.0
Chief Executive Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties		$ 4.8	$ 3.8	$ 14.3	$ 10.3
Receivables from related parties		1.6		1.6			1.4
Long-Term Investment in Vendor
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total related party expense		15.6	$ 12.0	45.5	$ 31.5
Total amount payable to related parties		$ 5.4		$ 5.4			$ 4.6
Minimum | Subsequent Event | Workforce reduction | Comprehensive Plan
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Restructuring charges	$ 15.0
Maximum | Subsequent Event | Workforce reduction | Comprehensive Plan
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Restructuring charges	$ 25.0

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION - Schedule of Changes in Beginning Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, unadjusted	$ 745.1	$ 633.3
Common Stock
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Shares, outstanding (in shares)		40.8
Stockholders' equity, unadjusted		$ 0.4
Stockholders' equity, adjusted balance		0.4
Additional Paid-In Capital
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, unadjusted		591.5
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standard		1.0
Stockholders' equity, adjusted balance		$ 592.5
Treasury Stock
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Shares, outstanding (in shares)		1.3
Stockholders' equity, unadjusted		$ (1.2)
Stockholders' equity, adjusted balance		(1.2)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, unadjusted		(0.9)
Stockholders' equity, adjusted balance		(0.9)
Retained Earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, unadjusted		43.5
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standard		48.2
Stockholders' equity, adjusted balance		91.7
Total Stockholders' Equity
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, unadjusted		633.3
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standard		49.2
Stockholders' equity, adjusted balance		$ 682.5

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)				9 Months Ended
	Jun. 23, 2017	Aug. 25, 2016	Apr. 11, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, net of cash acquired				$ 41,100,000	$ 16,900,000
Goodwill				$ 274,400,000		$ 240,700,000
Praxify Technologies, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, net of cash acquired	$ 41,100,000
Continued employment expense	16,500,000
Goodwill	33,800,000
Goodwill, expected tax deductible amount	0
Transaction costs incurred	1,400,000
Praxify Technologies, Inc. | Technology-Based Intangible Assets
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired	$ 15,700,000
Filament Labs, Inc
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, net of cash acquired		$ 15,200,000
Continued employment expense		9,600,000
Goodwill		10,700,000
Filament Labs, Inc | Technology-Based Intangible Assets
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired		5,300,000
Filament Labs, Inc | Customer Relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired		$ 600,000
Arsenal Health
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill			$ 800,000
Payments to acquire businesses, gross			1,700,000
Liability settled, fair value			300,000
Arsenal Health | Technology-Based Intangible Assets
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired			$ 900,000

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE - Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income	$ 13.0	$ 13.9	$ 21.5	$ 11.2
Weighted average shares used in computing basic net income per share (in shares)	39.9	39.4	39.8	39.2
Net income per share - Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.33	$ 0.35	$ 0.54	$ 0.29
Effect of dilutive securities (in shares)	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8
Weighted average shares used in computing diluted net income per share (in shares)	40.7	40.0	40.6	40.0
Net income per share - Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.32	$ 0.35	$ 0.53	$ 0.28

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE - Narrative (Details) - shares shares in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Options and restricted stock units which have an antidilutive effect (in shares)	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.4

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Unsecured Debt | Senior Credit Facility, 2015
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term line of credit	$ 277,500,000	$ 292,500,000
Revolving Credit Facility | Senior Credit Facility
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Long-term line of credit	$ 0	$ 0

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - Financial Assets and Liabilities that Are Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 0.6	$ 15.5
Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0.1	15.0
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0.0	0.0
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0.5	0.5
Money market
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents:	0.1	15.0
Money market | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents:	0.1	15.0
Money market | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents:	0.0	0.0
Money market | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents:	0.0	0.0
MDP Accelerator portfolio
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities:	0.5	0.5
MDP Accelerator portfolio | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities:	0.0	0.0
MDP Accelerator portfolio | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities:	0.0	0.0
MDP Accelerator portfolio | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities:	$ 0.5	$ 0.5

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - Schedule of Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring - Level 3 - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 0.5	$ 0.7	$ 0.5	$ 1.3
Conversion	0.0	0.0	0.0	(0.3)
Settlement	0.0	0.0	0.0	(0.3)
Impairment	0.0	(0.5)	0.0	(0.5)
Balance, end of period	$ 0.5	$ 0.2	$ 0.5	$ 0.2