bsrr-10q_20180331.htm

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
ASSETS	(unaudited)			(audited)
Cash and due from banks	$	56,221		$	61,142
Interest-bearing deposits in banks		7,288			8,995
Total cash & cash equivalents		63,509			70,137
Securities available-for-sale		563,582			558,329
Loans and leases:
Gross loans and leases		1,592,216			1,557,820
Allowance for loan and lease losses		(8,991	)		(9,043	)
Deferred loan and lease costs, net		2,953			2,774
Net loans and leases		1,586,178			1,551,551
Foreclosed assets		5,371			5,481
Premises and equipment, net		29,060			29,388
Goodwill		27,357			27,357
Other intangible assets, net		6,004			6,234
Company owned life insurance		47,590			47,108
Other assets		44,873			44,713
Total assets	$	2,373,524		$	2,340,298

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing	$	642,363		$	635,434
Interest bearing		1,394,267			1,352,952
Total deposits		2,036,630			1,988,386
Repurchase agreements		12,529			8,150
Federal funds purchased		300			—
Short-term borrowings		5,800			21,900
Subordinated debentures, net		34,633			34,588
Other liabilities		28,312			31,332
Total liabilities		2,118,204			2,084,356

Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 8)

Shareholders' equity
Common stock, no par value; 24,000,000 shares authorized; 15,246,780 and 15,223,360 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		111,599			111,138
Additional paid-in capital		2,929			2,937
Retained earnings		148,469			144,197
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net		(7,677	)		(2,330	)
Total shareholders' equity		255,320			255,942
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity	$	2,373,524		$	2,340,298

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

	Three months ended March 31,
Interest and dividend income	2018		2017
Loans and leases, including fees	$	20,004	$	14,970
Taxable securities		2,338		2,008
Tax-exempt securities		1,016		805
Federal funds sold and other		118		119
Total interest income		23,476		17,902
Interest expense
Deposits		1,318		689
Short-term borrowings		13		10
Subordinated debentures		385		320
Total interest expense		1,716		1,019
Net interest income		21,760		16,883
Provision for loan losses		200		—
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		21,560		16,883
Non-interest income
Service charges on deposits		2,946		2,571
Net gains on sale of securities available-for-sale		—		8
Other income		2,187		2,554
Total non-interest income		5,133		5,133
Other operating expense
Salaries and employee benefits		9,183		7,885
Occupancy and equipment		2,348		2,320
Other		6,356		5,496
Total other operating expense		17,887		15,701
Income before taxes		8,806		6,315
Provision for income taxes		2,096		1,764
Net income	$	6,710	$	4,551

PER SHARE DATA
Book value	$	16.75	$	15.21
Cash dividends	$	0.16	$	0.14
Earnings per share basic	$	0.44	$	0.33
Earnings per share diluted	$	0.44	$	0.32
Average shares outstanding, basic		15,232,696		13,801,635
Average shares outstanding, diluted		15,412,168		14,009,496

Total shareholder equity (in thousands)	$	255,320	$	210,417
Shares outstanding		15,246,780		13,829,649
Dividends paid (in thousands)	$	2,437	$	1,931

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	6,710		$	4,551
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Gain on sales of securities		—			(8	)
Loss on disposal of fixed assets		—			3
Gain on sale on foreclosed assets		—			(13	)
Writedowns on foreclosed assets		110			98
Share-based compensation expense		76			423
Provision for loan losses		200			—
Depreciation and amortization		785			719
Net amortization on securities premiums and discounts		1,423			1,758
Accretion of discounts for loans acquired		(356	)		(298	)
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance policies		(204	)		(452	)
Amortization of core deposit intangible		230			107
Decrease in interest receivable and other assets		2,633			226
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities		(3,020	)		982
Deferred income tax benefit		(953	)		(111	)
Net amortization of partnership investment		405			—
Net cash provided by operating activities		8,039			7,985

Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales/calls of securities available for sale		200			12,905
Purchases of securities available for sale		(36,750	)		(59,511	)
Principal pay downs on securities available for sale		22,282			25,086
Loan originations and payments, net		(34,471	)		26,817
Purchases of premises and equipment, net		(412	)		(803	)
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed assets		—			29
Purchase of company owned life insurance		(278	)		(221	)
Net cash from bank acquisition		(6	)		—
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(49,435	)		4,302

Cash flows from financing activities:
Increase in deposits		48,244			24,950
Decrease in borrowed funds		(16,100	)		(65,000	)
Increase in Fed funds purchased		300			—
Increase in repurchase agreements		4,379			1,337
Cash dividends paid		(2,437	)		(1,931	)
Stock options exercised		382			683
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		34,768			(39,961	)

Decrease in cash and due from banks		(6,628	)		(27,674	)

Cash and cash equivalents
Beginning of period		70,137			120,442
End of period	$	63,509		$	92,768

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

Sierra Bancorp (the “Company”) is a California corporation headquartered in Porterville, California, and is a registered bank holding company under federal banking laws. The Company was formed to serve as the holding company for Bank of the Sierra (the “Bank”), and has been the Bank’s sole shareholder since August 2001. The Company exists primarily for the purpose of holding the stock of the Bank and of such other subsidiaries it may acquire or establish. As of March 31, 2018, the Company’s only other subsidiaries were Sierra Statutory Trust II, Sierra Capital Trust III, and Coast Bancorp Statutory Trust II, which were formed solely to facilitate the issuance of capital trust pass-through securities (“TRUPS”). Pursuant to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) standard on the consolidation of variable interest entities, these trusts are not reflected on a consolidated basis in the Company’s financial statements. References herein to the “Company” include Sierra Bancorp and its consolidated subsidiary, the Bank, unless the context indicates otherwise.

Bank of the Sierra, a California state-chartered bank headquartered in Porterville, California, offers a full range of retail and commercial banking services via branch offices located throughout California’s South San Joaquin Valley, the Central Coast, Ventura County, and neighboring communities. The Bank was incorporated in September 1977, and opened for business in January 1978 as a one-branch bank with $1.5 million in capital. Our growth in the ensuing years has largely been organic in nature, but includes four whole-bank acquisitions: Sierra National Bank in 2000, Santa Clara Valley Bank in 2014, Coast National Bank in 2016, and Ojai Community Bank in October 2017. We plan to open a new branch on Palm Avenue in Fresno in mid-2018, and have an agreement with Community Bank of Santa Maria to acquire its branch located in Lompoc, California in the second quarter of 2018. Lompoc branch deposits totaled almost $40 million at March 31, 2018, consisting largely of non-maturity deposits. As of the filing date of this report the Bank operates 39 full service branches and an online branch, and maintains ATMs at all branch locations and seven non-branch locations. Details on our most recent acquisitions and planned branch purchase are provided in Note 13 to the financial statements, Recent Developments. In addition to our stand-alone offices the Bank has specialized lending units which include a real estate industries center, an agricultural credit center, and an SBA lending unit. We were close to $2.4 billion in total assets as of March 31, 2018, and for the past several years have claimed the distinction of being the largest bank headquartered in the South San Joaquin Valley. The Bank’s deposit accounts, which totaled over $2.0 billion at March 31, 2018, are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to maximum insurable amounts.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in a condensed format, and therefore do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. The information furnished in these interim statements reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of Management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for such periods. Such adjustments can generally be considered as normal and recurring unless otherwise disclosed in this Form 10-Q. In preparing the accompanying financial statements, Management has taken subsequent events into consideration and recognized them where appropriate. The results of operations in the interim statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other quarter, or for the full year. Certain amounts reported for 2017 have been reclassified to be consistent with the reporting for 2018. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

In May 2014 the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This ASU is the result of a joint project initiated by the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue, and to develop common revenue standards and disclosure requirements that would: (1) remove inconsistencies and weaknesses in revenue requirements; (2) provide a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues; (3) improve comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions, and capital markets; (4) provide more useful information to users of financial statements through improved disclosures; and (5) simplify the preparation of financial statements by reducing the number of requirements to which an entity must refer. The guidance affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets. The core

principle is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance provides steps to follow to achieve the core principle. An entity should disclose sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Qualitative and quantitative information is required with regard to contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. The guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments such as loans and investments, which is accounted for under other provisions of GAAP. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods therein, and the Company thus adopted ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective approach. The Company’s primary source of revenue is derived from income on financial instruments, which is not impacted by the guidance in ASU 2014-09. Furthermore, the Company has evaluated the nature of its non-interest income and determined that for income associated with customer contracts, transaction prices are typically fixed and performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered. Therefore, there is little or no judgment involved in the timing of revenue recognition under contracts within the scope of ASU 2014-09, and there was no impact on our financial statements upon the adoption of ASU 2014-09.

In January 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments–Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This guidance primarily affects the accounting for equity securities with readily determinable fair values, by requiring that the changes in fair value for such securities will be reflected in earnings rather than in other comprehensive income. The accounting for other financial instruments such as loans, debt securities, and financial liabilities is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-01 also changes the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments, including a requirement that public business entities use exit pricing when estimating fair values for financial instruments measured at amortized cost for disclosure purposes. ASU 2016-01 is generally effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018. We had no equity positions with readily determinable market values at any point in the first quarter of 2018, thus that aspect of the guidance did not impact our financial statements, but our fair value disclosures for financial instruments were adjusted to reflect exit pricing where such was not already incorporated.

In February 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The intention of this standard is to increase the transparency and comparability around lease obligations. Previously unrecorded off-balance sheet obligations will now be brought more prominently to light by presenting lease liabilities on the face of the balance sheet, accompanied by enhanced qualitative and quantitative disclosures in the notes to the financial statements. ASU 2016-02 is generally effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has leases on 21 branch locations and an administrative office building, which are considered operating leases and are not currently reflected in our financial statements. We expect that these lease agreements will be recognized on our consolidated statements of condition as right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities subsequent to implementing ASU 2016-02, but we are still evaluating the extent to which this will impact our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, as part of its simplification initiative. ASU 2016-09 became effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within that reporting period. Accordingly, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2017. Prior guidance dictated that as they relate to share-based payments, tax benefits in excess of compensation costs (“windfalls”) were to be recorded in equity, and tax deficiencies (“shortfalls”) were to be recorded in equity to the extent of previous windfalls and then to the income statement. ASU 2016-09 reduced some of the administrative complexities by eliminating the need to track a windfall “pool,” but as we have already experienced it also increases the volatility of income tax expense. ASU 2016-09 also removed the requirement to delay recognition of a windfall tax benefit until such time as it reduces current taxes payable. Under the new guidance, the benefit is recorded when it arises, subject to normal valuation allowance considerations. This change was applied by us on a modified retrospective basis, as required, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings. Furthermore, all tax-related cash flows resulting from share-based payments are now reported as operating activities on the statement of cash flows, a change from the previous requirement to present windfall tax benefits as an inflow from financing activities and an outflow from operating activities. However, cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax withholding purposes is classified as a financing activity. Under the new guidance, entities were permitted to make an accounting policy election for the impact of forfeitures on expense recognition for share-based payment awards. Forfeitures can be estimated in advance, as required previously, or recognized as they occur. Estimates are still required in certain circumstances, such as at the time of modification of an award or issuance of a replacement award in a business combination. If elected, the change to recognize forfeitures when they occur would have been adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with a

cumulative effect adjustment recorded to opening retained earnings. We did not elect to recognize forfeitures as they occur, and continue to estimate potential forfeitures in advance.

In September 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold for credit losses in current U.S. GAAP, and instead requires an organization to record a current estimate of all expected credit losses over the contractual term for financial assets carried at amortized cost. This is commonly referred to as the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) methodology. Expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date will be measured based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Another change from existing U.S. GAAP involves the treatment of purchased credit deteriorated assets, which are more broadly defined than purchased credit impaired assets in current accounting standards. When such assets are purchased, institutions will estimate and record an allowance for credit losses that is added to the purchase price rather than being reported as a credit loss expense. Furthermore, ASU 2016-13 updates the measurement of credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities, by mandating that institutions record credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities through an allowance for credit losses rather than the current practice of writing down securities for other-than-temporary impairment. ASU 2016-13 will also require the enhancement of financial statement disclosures regarding estimates used in calculating credit losses. ASU 2016-13 does not change the existing write-off principle in U.S. GAAP or current nonaccrual practices, nor does it change accounting requirements for loans held for sale or certain other financial assets which are measured at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. As a public business entity that is an SEC filer, ASU 2016-13 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2020, although early application is permitted for 2019. On the effective date, institutions will apply the new accounting standard as follows: for financial assets carried at amortized cost, a cumulative-effect adjustment will be recognized on the balance sheet for any change in the related allowance for loan and lease losses generated by the adoption of the new standard; financial assets classified as purchased credit impaired assets prior to the effective date will be reclassified as purchased credit deteriorated assets as of the effective date, and will be grossed up for the related allowance for expected credit losses created as of the effective date; and, debt securities on which other-than-temporary impairment had been recognized prior to the effective date will transition to the new guidance prospectively with no change in their amortized cost basis. The Company is well under way with transition efforts. We have established an implementation team, which is comprised of the Company’s executive officers and certain other members of our credit administration and finance departments and chaired by our Chief Credit Officer. Furthermore, after extensive discussion and due diligence, we engaged an external vendor to assist in our calculation of potential required reserves utilizing the CECL methodology and to help validate our current reserving methodology. A preliminary evaluation indicates that the provisions of ASU 2016-13 will likely have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, particularly the level of our allowance for credit losses and shareholders’ equity. While the potential extent of that impact has not yet been definitively determined, initial estimates indicate that our allowance for loan and lease losses could increase by 100% or more relative to current levels if utilizing a discounted cash flow methodology with forecasting.

In January 2017 the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. Currently, Topic 805 specifies three elements of a business – inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a “set”) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the acquired set with their own inputs and processes. This led many transactions to be accounted for as business combinations rather than asset purchases under legacy GAAP. The primary goal of ASU 2017-01 is to narrow the definition of a business, and the guidance in this update provides a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and we implemented ASU 2017-01 on a prospective basis effective January 1, 2018. We expect that this update may impact the way we account for certain branch purchases going forward.

In January 2017 the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment. This guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation, and goodwill impairment will simply be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. All other goodwill impairment guidance will remain largely unchanged. Entities will continue to have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. The same one-step impairment test will be applied to goodwill at all reporting units, even those with zero or negative carrying amounts. Entities will be required to disclose the amount of goodwill at reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We have not been required to

record any goodwill impairment to date, and after a preliminary review do not expect that this guidance would require us to do so given current circumstances. Nevertheless, we will continue to evaluate ASU 2017-04 to more definitely determine its potential impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In March 2017 the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. The amendments in this update will shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium, by requiring the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. Under current guidance, the premium on a callable debt security is generally amortized as an adjustment to yield over the contractual life of the instrument, and any unamortized premium is recorded as a loss in earnings upon the debtor’s exercise of a call provision. Under ASU 2017-08, because the premium will be amortized to the earliest call date, entities will no longer recognize a loss in earnings if a debt security is called prior to the contractual maturity date. The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; discounts will continue to be amortized as an adjustment to yield over the contractual life of the debt instrument. ASU 2017-08 is effective for public business entities, including the Company, for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts in an interim period, any adjustments must be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. To apply ASU 2017-08, entities must use a modified retrospective approach, with the cumulative-effect adjustment recognized to retained earnings at the beginning of the period of adoption. Entities are also required to provide disclosures about a change in accounting principle in the period of adoption. The Company has evaluated the potential impact of this guidance, and does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-08 to have a material impact on our financial statements or operations.

In May 2017 the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This update was issued to provide clarity, reduce diversity in practice, and lower cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718. Under the updated guidance, an entity will be expected to account for the effects of an equity award modification unless all the following are met: 1) the fair value of the modified award is the same as the fair value of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; 2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; 3) the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The current disclosure requirements in Topic 718 continue to apply. ASU 2017-09 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018, but since we have not modified equity awards in the past and do not expect to do so in the future, there was no impact on our financial statements or operations from the adoption of ASU 2017-09.

In February 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement–Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This ASU requires a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Tax Act), which was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act included a reduction to the Federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018. The amount of the reclassification would be the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21 percent corporate income tax rate. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We have adopted the guidance during the first quarter of 2018, retrospectively to December 31, 2017. The change in accounting principle was accounted for as a cumulative-effect adjustment to our balance sheet resulting in a $413 thousand increase to retained earnings and a corresponding decrease to AOCI on December 31, 2017.

In February 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments–Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This new guidance relates to ASU 2016-01, which provides for a measurement alternative for certain equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values. ASU 2018-03 allows a company to change its measurement approach for such equity investments to the “fair value through current earnings” method. However, once a company makes this election for a particular investment it must apply the “fair value through current earnings” model to all identical investments and/or similar investments from the same issuer. Furthermore, a company cannot elect the measurement alternative for future purchases of identical or similar investments of the same issuer. The new guidance also clarifies the following: when applying the measurement alternative to equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value, in the event there is an observable price/transaction for a similar instrument from the same issuer, the objective is to re-measure the equity investment to its fair value as of the date of the observable price/transaction; for forward and option contracts measured under the alternative, when there is an observable price/transaction or impairment of the underlying equity instrument the contract should be re-measured to its fair value; and, the presentation guidance requiring the portion of the total change

in fair value that results from changes in instrument-specific credit risk to be reported in accumulated other comprehensive income applies when the fair value option is elected under either ASC 825, Financial Instruments, or ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments also clarify the interaction between the instrument-specific credit risk guidance in ASC 825 and the foreign currency guidance in ASC 830. The transition provisions of ASU 2016-01 generally require a modified retrospective approach, but they specify prospective transition for equity investments without a readily determinable fair value. The new guidance amends the transition provisions such that only equity investments without a readily determinable fair value for which a company elects the measurement alternative will be subject to prospective transition guidance. The new guidance is not required to be adopted concurrent with ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018, but given that it amends the transition guidance in ASU 2016-1 concurrent adoption is permitted. The new guidance must be adopted no later than the third quarter of 2018 (an interim period). The Company elected to adopt ASU 2018-03 effective January 1, 2018, which did not impact our financial statements because we did not change our measurement approach for equity instruments that do not have readily determinable fair values.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, cash paid for interest due on interest-bearing liabilities was $1.874 million and $1.070 million, respectively. There was no cash paid for income taxes during the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017. There were no assets acquired in settlement of loans for the three months ended March 31, 2018, relative to $94,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2017. We received no cash from the sale of foreclosed assets during the first three months of 2018 relative to $29,000 during the first three months of 2017, which represents sales proceeds less loans (if any) extended to finance such sales.

On March 16, 2017 the Company’s Board of Directors approved and adopted the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”), which became effective May 24, 2017, the date approved by the Company’s shareholders. The 2017 Plan replaced the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”), which expired by its own terms on March 15, 2017. Options to purchase 424,300 shares that were granted under the 2007 Plan were still outstanding as of March 31, 2018, and remain unaffected by that plan’s expiration. The 2017 Plan provides for the issuance of both “incentive” and “nonqualified” stock options to officers and employees, and of “nonqualified” stock options to non-employee directors and consultants of the Company. The 2017 Plan also provides for the issuance of restricted stock awards to these same classes of eligible participants, although no restricted stock awards have ever been issued by the Company. The total number of shares of the Company’s authorized but unissued stock reserved for issuance pursuant to awards under the 2017 Plan was initially 850,000 shares, and the number remaining available for grant as of March 31, 2018 was 766,000. The dilutive impact of stock options outstanding is discussed below in Note 6, Earnings per Share.

Pursuant to FASB’s standards on stock compensation, the value of each stock option granted is reflected in our income statement as employee compensation or directors’ expense by expensing its fair value as of the grant date in the case of immediately vested options, or by amortizing its grant date fair value over the vesting period for options with graded vesting. The Company is utilizing the Black-Scholes model to value stock options, and the “multiple option” approach is used to allocate the resulting valuation to actual expense. Under the multiple option approach an employee’s options for each vesting period are separately valued and amortized. A pre-tax charge of $76,000 was reflected in the Company’s income statement during the first quarter of 2018 and $423,000 was charged during the first quarter of 2017, as expense related to stock options.

The computation of earnings per share, as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income, is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. There were 15,232,696 weighted average shares outstanding during the first quarter of 2018, and 13,801,635 during the first quarter of 2017.

Diluted earnings per share include the effect of the potential issuance of common shares, which for the Company is limited to shares that would be issued on the exercise of “in-the-money” stock options. For the first quarter of 2018, calculations under the treasury stock method resulted in the equivalent of 179,472 shares being added to basic weighted average shares outstanding for purposes of determining diluted earnings per share, while a weighted average of 169,000 stock options were excluded from the calculation because they were underwater and thus anti-dilutive. For the first quarter of 2017 the equivalent of 207,861 shares were added in calculating diluted earnings per share, while 90,000 anti-dilutive stock options were not factored into the computation.

As presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, comprehensive income includes net income and other comprehensive income. The Company’s only source of other comprehensive income is unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities. Gains or losses on investment securities that were realized and reflected in net income of the current period, which had previously been included in other comprehensive income as unrealized holding gains or losses in the period in which they arose, are considered to be reclassification adjustments that are excluded from other comprehensive income in the current period.

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off‑balance‑sheet risk in the normal course of business. Those financial instruments currently consist of unused commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by counterparties for commitments to extend credit and letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and issuing letters of credit as it does for originating loans included on the balance sheet. The following financial instruments represent off‑balance‑sheet credit risk (dollars in thousands):

Commitments to extend credit consist primarily of the unused or unfunded portions of the following: home equity lines of credit; commercial real estate construction loans, where disbursements are made over the course of construction; commercial revolving lines of credit; mortgage warehouse lines of credit; unsecured personal lines of credit; and formalized (disclosed) deposit account overdraft lines. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the unused portions of committed amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Standby letters of credit are issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party, and the credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as the risk involved in extending loans to customers.

At March 31, 2018, the Company was also utilizing a letter of credit in the amount of $86 million issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank on the Company’s behalf as security for certain deposits and to facilitate certain credit arrangements with the Company’s customers. That letter of credit is backed by loans which are pledged to the FHLB by the Company.

Note 9 – Fair Value Disclosures and Reporting, the Fair Value Option and Fair Value Measurements

FASB’s standards on financial instruments, and on fair value measurements and disclosures, require public business entities to disclose in their financial statement footnotes the estimated fair values of financial instruments. In addition to disclosure requirements, FASB’s standard on investments requires that our debt securities which are classified as available for sale and any equity securities that have readily determinable fair values be measured and reported at fair value in our statement of financial position. Certain impaired loans are also reported at fair value, as explained in greater detail below, and foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Deposits include demand deposits, which are by definition equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. FASB’s standard on financial instruments permits companies to report certain other financial assets and liabilities at fair value, but we have not elected the fair value option for any of those financial instruments.

Fair value measurement and disclosure standards also establish a framework for measuring fair values. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Further, the standards establish a fair value hierarchy that encourages an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and limit the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair values. The standards describe three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market data and information about the financial instruments. As discussed in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we adopted ASU 2016-01 for the first quarter of 2018, thus fair value calculations for loans and leases at March 31, 2018 reflect exit pricing, and incorporate our assumptions with regard to the impact of prepayments on future cash flows and credit quality adjustments based on risk characteristics of various financial instruments, among other things. This is not entirely comparable with fair values disclosed as of December 31, 2017, which were estimated primarily by discounting estimated cash flows at current market interest rates (entry pricing). The estimates at both dates are subjective and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment, and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly alter the fair values presented.

Estimated fair values for the Company’s financial instruments are as follows, as of the dates noted:

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	March 31, 2018
			Fair Value Measurements
	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	63,509	$	63,507	$	—	$	—	$	63,507
Investment securities available for sale		563,582		—		563,582		—		563,582
Loans and leases, net held for investment		1,585,880		—		1,559,992		—		1,559,992
Collateral dependent impaired loans		298		—		298		—		298
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies		47,590		—		47,590		—		47,590

Financial liabilities:
Deposits		2,036,630		642,363		1,393,754		—		2,036,117
Subordinated debentures		34,633		—		24,377		—		24,377

For financial asset categories that were carried on our balance sheet at fair value as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company used the following methods and significant assumptions:

Fair Value Measurements - Nonrecurring
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2018, using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Impaired loans
Real Estate:
1-4 family residential construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other construction/land		—		—		—		—
1-4 family - closed-end		—		5		—		5
Equity lines		—		111		—		111
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		—		—		—		—
Farmland		—		—		—		—
Total real estate		—		116		—		116
Agriculture		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		—		112		—		112
Consumer loans		—		70		—		70
Total impaired loans	$	—	$	298	$	—	$	298
Foreclosed assets	$	—	$	5,371	$	—	$	5,371
Total assets measured on a nonrecurring basis	$	—	$	5,669	$	—	$	5,669

	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017, using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Impaired loans
Real Estate:
1-4 family residential construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other construction/land		—		—		—		—
1-4 family - closed-end		—		252		—		252
Equity lines		—		70		—		70
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		—		—		—		—
Farmland		—		—		—		—
Total real estate		—		322		—		322
Agriculture		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—
Consumer loans		—		55		—		55
Total impaired loans	$	—	$	377	$	—	$	377
Foreclosed assets	$	—	$	5,481	$	—	$	5,481
Total assets measured on a nonrecurring basis	$	—	$	5,858	$	—	$	5,858

The table above includes collateral-dependent impaired loan balances for which a specific reserve has been established or on which a write-down has been taken. Information on the Company’s total impaired loan balances and specific loss reserves associated with those balances is included in Note 11 below, and in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation in the “Nonperforming Assets” and “Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” sections.

The unobservable inputs are based on Management’s best estimates of appropriate discounts in arriving at fair market value. Adjusting any of those inputs could result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. For example, an increase or decrease in actual loss rates would create a directionally opposite change in the fair value of unsecured impaired loans.

Although the Company currently has the intent and the ability to hold the securities in its investment portfolio to maturity, the securities are all marketable and are classified as “available for sale” to allow maximum flexibility with regard to interest rate risk and liquidity management. Pursuant to FASB’s guidance on accounting for debt and equity securities, available for sale securities are carried on the Company’s financial statements at their estimated fair market values, with monthly tax-effected “mark-to-market” adjustments made vis-à-vis accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities available-for-sale are as follows:

At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had 543 securities and 396 securities, respectively, with gross unrealized losses. Management has evaluated those securities as of the respective dates, and does not believe that any of the unrealized losses are other than temporary. Gross unrealized losses on our investment securities as of the indicated dates are disclosed in the table below, categorized by investment type and by the duration of time that loss positions on individual securities have continuously existed (over or under twelve months).

The table below summarizes the Company’s gross realized gains and losses as well as gross proceeds from the sales of securities, for the periods indicated:

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities available-for-sale at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are shown below, grouped by the remaining time to contractual maturity dates. The expected life of investment securities may not be consistent with contractual maturity dates, since the issuers of the securities might have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.

At March 31, 2018, the Company’s investment portfolio included 338 “muni” bonds issued by government municipalities and agencies located within 31 different states, with an aggregate fair value of $142 million. The largest exposure to any single municipality or agency was a combined $2.540 million (fair value) in general obligation bonds issued by the Lindsay (CA) Unified School District.

The Company’s investments in bonds issued by states, municipalities and political subdivisions are evaluated in accordance with Supervision and Regulation Letter 12-15 issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “Investing in Securities without Reliance on Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization Ratings,” and other regulatory guidance. Credit ratings are considered in our analysis only as a guide to the historical default rate associated with similarly-rated bonds. There have been no significant differences in our internal analyses compared with the ratings assigned by the third party credit rating agencies.

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair values of general obligation and revenue bonds in the Company’s investment securities portfolio at the indicated dates, identifying the state in which the issuing municipality or agency operates for our largest geographic concentrations:

Revenue and General Obligation Bonds by Location
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	March 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Amortized		Fair Market		Amortized		Fair Market
General obligation bonds	Cost		Value		Cost		Value
State of issuance
Texas	$	33,950	$	33,645	$	32,824	$	33,184
California		27,220		27,618		27,205		28,027
Washington		13,250		13,212		13,282		13,524
Ohio		9,890		9,834		9,917		9,978
Illinois		9,216		9,205		8,822		8,925
Other (22 states)		25,576		25,618		24,591		24,971
Total General Obligation Bonds		119,102		119,132		116,641		118,609

Revenue bonds
State of issuance
Texas		6,614		6,622		7,088		7,172
Utah		5,389		5,366		5,397		5,454
Indiana		2,051		2,046		2,664		2,721
Washington		1,761		1,774		1,764		1,811
Virginia		1,608		1,576		1,613		1,626
Other (11 states)		5,326		5,357		5,742		5,808
Total Revenue Bonds		22,749		22,741		24,268		24,592
Total Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions	$	141,851	$	141,873	$	140,909	$	143,201

The revenue bonds in the Company’s investment securities portfolios were issued by government municipalities and agencies to fund public services such as utilities (water, sewer, and power), educational facilities, and general public and economic improvements. The primary sources of revenue for these bonds are delineated in the table below, which shows the amortized cost and fair market values for the largest revenue concentrations as of the indicated dates.

The Company has the ability to invest in limited partnerships which own housing projects that qualify for federal and/or California state tax credits, by mandating a specified percentage of low-income tenants for each project. The tax credits flow through to investors, supplementing any returns that might be derived from an increase in property values. Because rent levels are lower than standard market rents and the projects are generally highly leveraged, each project also typically generates tax-deductible operating losses that are allocated to the limited partners.

The Company made investment commitments to nine different LIHTC fund limited partnerships from 2001 through 2017, all of which were California-focused funds that help the Company meet its obligations under the Community Reinvestment Act. We utilize the cost method of accounting for our LIHTC fund investments, under which we initially record on our balance sheet an asset that represents the total cash expected to be invested over the life of the partnership. Any commitments or contingent commitments for future investment are reflected as a liability. The income statement reflects tax credits and any other tax benefits from these investments “below the line” within our income tax provision, while the initial book value of the investment is amortized on a straight-line basis as an offset to non-interest income, over the time period in which the tax credits and tax benefits are expected to be received.

As of March 31, 2018 our total LIHTC investment book balance was $8.0 million, which includes $3.2 million in remaining commitments for additional capital contributions. There were $160,000 in tax credits derived from our LIHTC investments that were recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2018, and amortization expense of $405,000 associated with those investments was netted against pre-tax non-interest income for the same time period. Our LIHTC investments are evaluated annually for potential impairment, and we have concluded that the carrying value of the investments is stated fairly and is not impaired.

The Company monitors the credit quality of loans on a continuous basis using the regulatory and accounting classifications of pass, special mention, substandard and impaired to characterize the associated credit risk. Balances classified as “loss” are immediately charged off. The Company conforms to the following definitions for its risk classifications:

Credit quality classifications for the Company’s loan balances were as follows, as of the dates indicated:

	March 31, 2018
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Impaired		Total
Real Estate:
1-4 family residential construction	$	81,580	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	81,580
Other construction/land		76,533		253		—		507		77,293
1-4 family - closed end		220,192		1,531		1,220		3,982		226,925
Equity lines		53,292		2,468		351		4,538		60,649
Multi-family residential		42,184		—		—		385		42,569
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		252,844		4,909		2,605		903		261,261
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		388,716		2,823		3,879		1,539		396,957
Farmland		141,927		464		505		33		142,929
Total real estate		1,257,268		12,448		8,560		11,887		1,290,163

Agricultural		53,644		626		—		—		54,270
Commercial and industrial		117,026		10,274		967		1,504		129,771
Mortgage warehouse		108,573		—		—		—		108,573
Consumer loans		8,192		292		36		919		9,439
Total gross loans and leases	$	1,544,703	$	23,640	$	9,563	$	14,310	$	1,592,216

	December 31, 2017
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Impaired		Total
Real Estate:
1-4 family residential construction	$	74,256	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	74,256
Other construction/land		57,421		807		—		551		58,779
1-4 family - closed end		197,309		1,534		1,204		4,719		204,766
Equity lines		53,825		3,620		521		4,624		62,590
Multi-family residential		42,539		—		—		391		42,930
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		255,228		4,586		2,715		918		263,447
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		369,801		4,923		3,132		1,576		379,432
Farmland		138,732		984		507		293		140,516
Total real estate		1,189,111		16,454		8,079		13,072		1,226,716

Agricultural		46,182		614		—		—		46,796
Commercial and industrial		108,609		24,008		981		2,064		135,662
Mortgage warehouse		138,020		—		—		—		138,020
Consumer loans		9,067		210		72		1,277		10,626
Total gross loans and leases	$	1,490,989	$	41,286	$	9,132	$	16,413	$	1,557,820

Nonperforming assets are comprised of loans for which the Company is no longer accruing interest, and foreclosed assets. The Company’s foreclosed assets can include mobile homes and/or OREO, which consists of commercial and/or residential real estate properties acquired by foreclosure or similar means that the Company is offering or will offer for sale. Foreclosed assets totaled $5.371 million at March 31, 2018, and $5.481 million at December 31, 2017. Nonperforming loans and leases result when reasonable doubt surfaces with regard to the ability of the Company to collect all principal and interest. At that point, we stop accruing interest on the loan or lease in question and reverse any previously-recognized interest to the extent that it is uncollected or associated with interest-reserve loans. Any asset for which principal or interest has been in default for 90 days or more is also placed on non-accrual status even if interest is still being received, unless the asset is both well secured and in the process of collection. An aging of the Company’s loan balances is presented in the following tables, by number of days past due as of the indicated dates:

	March 31, 2018
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days Or More Past Due⁽¹⁾		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financing Receivables		Non-Accrual Loans⁽²⁾
Real Estate:
1-4 family residential construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	81,580	$	81,580	$	—
Other construction/land		317		—		—		317		76,976		77,293		71
1-4 family - closed end		39		319		601		959		225,966		226,925		910
Equity lines		831		55		208		1,094		59,555		60,649		646
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—		42,569		42,569		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		188		110		—		298		260,963		261,261		227
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		—		—		—		—		396,957		396,957		105
Farmland		18		—		—		18		142,911		142,929		33
Total real estate		1,393		484		809		2,686		1,287,477		1,290,163		1,992

Agricultural		—		—		—		—		54,270		54,270		—
Commercial and industrial		2,240		92		859		3,191		126,580		129,771		963
Mortgage warehouse lines		—		—		—		—		108,573		108,573		—
Consumer		151		56		37		244		9,195		9,439		134
Total gross loans and leases	$	3,784	$	632	$	1,705	$	6,121	$	1,586,095	$	1,592,216	$	3,089

	December 31, 2017
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days Or More Past Due⁽¹⁾		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financing Receivables		Non-Accrual Loans⁽²⁾
Real Estate:
1-4 family residential construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	74,256	$	74,256	$	—
Other construction/land		20		—		—		20		58,759		58,779		77
1-4 family - closed end		125		—		895		1,020		203,746		204,766		871
Equity lines		466		—		203		669		61,921		62,590		922
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—		42,930		42,930		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,270		—		—		1,270		262,177		263,447		236
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		—		—		—		—		379,432		379,432		123
Farmland		—		—		—		—		140,516		140,516		293
Total real estate		1,881		—		1,098		2,979		1,223,737		1,226,716		2,522

Agricultural		—		—		—		—		46,796		46,796		—
Commercial and industrial		730		496		1,172		2,398		133,264		135,662		1,301
Mortgage warehouse lines		—		—		—		—		138,020		138,020		—
Consumer		157		64		46		267		10,359		10,626		140
Total gross loans and leases	$	2,768	$	560	$	2,316	$	5,644	$	1,552,176	$	1,557,820	$	3,963

A loan that is modified for a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty is classified as a troubled debt restructuring if the modification constitutes a concession. At March 31, 2018, the Company had a total of $12.1 million in TDRs, including $895,000 in TDRs that were on non-accrual status. Generally, a non-accrual loan that has been modified as a TDR remains on non-accrual status for a period of at least six months to demonstrate the borrower’s ability to comply with the modified terms. However, performance prior to the modification, or significant events that coincide with the modification, could result in a loan’s return to accrual status after a shorter performance period or even at the time of loan modification. Regardless of the period of time that has elapsed, if the borrower’s ability to meet the revised payment schedule is uncertain then the loan will be kept on non-accrual status. Moreover, a TDR is generally considered to be in default when it appears that the customer will not likely be able to repay all principal and interest pursuant to restructured terms.

The Company may agree to different types of concessions when modifying a loan or lease. The tables below summarize TDRs which were modified during the noted periods, by type of concession:

The following tables present, by class, additional details related to loans classified as TDRs during the referenced periods, including the recorded investment in the loan both before and after modification and balances that were modified during the period:

	Three months ended March 31, 2018

		Pre- Modification		Post- Modification
	Number of Loans	Outstanding Recorded Investment		Outstanding Recorded Investment		Reserve Difference⁽¹⁾		Reserve
Real Estate:
Other construction/land	0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
1-4 family - closed-end	0		—		—		—		—
Equity lines	1		68		68		—		2
Multi-family residential	0		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	0		—		—		—		—
Farmland	0		—		—		—		—
Total real estate loans			68		68		—		2

Commercial and industrial	0		—		—		—		—
Consumer loans	0		—		—		—		—
Total		$	68	$	68	$	—	$	2

	Three months ended March 31, 2017

		Pre- Modification		Post- Modification
	Number of Loans	Outstanding Recorded Investment		Outstanding Recorded Investment		Reserve Difference⁽¹⁾		Reserve
Real Estate:
Other construction/land	0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
1-4 family - closed-end	1		47		47		2		2
Equity lines	2		281		281		4		14
Multi-family residential	0		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	0		—		—		—		—
Farmland	0		—		—		—		—
Total real estate loans			328		328		6		16

Commercial and industrial	0		—		—		—		—
Consumer loans	0		—		—		—		—
Total		$	328	$	328	$	6	$	16

The company had no finance receivables modified as TDRs within the previous twelve months that defaulted or were charged off during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

The Company may acquire loans which show evidence of credit deterioration since origination. These purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans are recorded at the amount paid, since there is no carryover of the seller’s allowance for loan losses. Potential losses on PCI loans subsequent to acquisition are recognized by an increase in the allowance for loan losses. PCI loans are accounted for individually or are aggregated into pools of loans based on common risk characteristics. The Company projects the amount and timing of expected cash flows, and expected cash receipts in excess of the amount paid for the loan(s) are recorded as interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool of loans (accretable yield). The excess of contractual principal and interest over expected cash flows is not recorded (nonaccretable difference). Expected cash flows are periodically re-evaluated throughout the life of the loan or pool of loans. If the present value of the expected cash flows is determined at any time to be less than the carrying amount, a reserve is recorded. If the present value of the expected cash flows is greater than the carrying amount, it is recognized as part of future interest income.

Our acquisitions of Santa Clara Valley Bank in 2014, Coast Bancorp in 2016, and OCB Bancorp in 2017 included certain loans which have shown evidence of credit deterioration since origination, and for which it was probable at acquisition that all contractually required payments would not be collected. The carrying amount and unpaid principal balance of those PCI loans was as follows, as of the dates indicated:

An allowance for loan losses totaling $135,000 was allocated for PCI loans as of March 31, 2018, as compared to $131,000 at December 31, 2017. There was no discount accretion recorded on PCI loans during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses, a contra-asset, is established through a provision for loan and lease losses. The allowance is maintained at a level that is considered adequate to absorb probable losses on certain specifically identified impaired loans, as well as probable incurred losses inherent in the remaining loan portfolio. Specifically identifiable and quantifiable losses are immediately charged off against the allowance; recoveries are generally recorded only when cash payments are received subsequent to the charge off. We employ a systematic methodology, consistent with FASB guidelines on loss contingencies and impaired loans, for determining the appropriate level of the allowance for loan and lease losses and adjusting it to that level at least quarterly. Pursuant to our methodology, impaired loans and leases are individually analyzed and a criticized asset action plan is completed specifying the financial status of the borrower and, if applicable, the characteristics and condition of collateral and any associated liquidation plan. A specific loss allowance is created for each impaired loan, if necessary.

The following tables disclose the unpaid principal balance, recorded investment, average recorded investment, and interest income recognized for impaired loans on our books as of the dates indicated. Balances are shown by loan type, and are further broken out by those that required an allowance and those that did not, with the associated allowance disclosed for those that required such. Included in the valuation allowance for impaired loans shown in the tables below are specific reserves allocated to TDRs, totaling $911,000 at March 31, 2018 and $957,000 at December 31, 2017.

Impaired Loans
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	March 31, 2018
	Unpaid Principal Balance⁽¹⁾		Recorded Investment⁽²⁾		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized⁽³⁾
With an allowance recorded
Real Estate:
Other construction/land	$	636	$	480	$	27	$	725	$	9
1-4 family - closed-end		3,056		3,056		68		3,148		43
Equity lines		4,325		4,240		483		4,457		47
Multi-family residential		385		385		28		399		5
Commercial real estate- owner occupied		911		791		169		885		13
Commercial real estate- non-owner occupied		1,686		1,539		3		1,839		27
Total real estate		10,999		10,491		778		11,453		144
Agriculture		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		1,677		1,482		958		1,971		11
Consumer loans		941		894		158		1,089		17
Subtotal		13,617		12,867		1,894		14,513		172
With no related allowance recorded
Real Estate:
Other construction/land		27		27		—		32		—
1-4 family - closed-end		984		926		—		1,025		1
Equity lines		397		298		—		408		—
Commercial real estate- owner occupied		112		112		—		150		—
Commercial real estate- non-owner occupied		9		—		—		17		—
Farmland		33		33		—		48		—
Total real estate		1,562		1,396		—		1,680		1
Agriculture		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		22		22		—		34		—
Consumer loans		130		25		—		196		—
Subtotal		1,714		1,443		—		1,910		1
Total	$	15,331	$	14,310	$	1,894	$	16,423	$	173

Impaired Loans
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	December 31, 2017
	Unpaid Principal Balance⁽¹⁾		Recorded Investment⁽²⁾		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized⁽³⁾
With an allowance recorded
Real Estate:
Other construction/land	$	678	$	523	$	30	$	768	$	44
1-4 family - closed-end		4,061		4,054		109		4,042		226
Equity lines		4,546		4,446		405		4,711		154
Multi-family residential		390		391		29		410		24
Commercial real estate- owner occupied		926		801		151		948		44
Commercial real estate- non-owner occupied		1,724		1,576		4		1,914		111
Total real estate		12,325		11,791		728		12,793		603
Agriculture		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		917		917		188		1,576		83
Consumer loans		1,210		1,201		237		1,433		96
Subtotal		14,452		13,909		1,153		15,802		782
With no related allowance recorded
Real Estate:
Other construction/land		28		28		—		34		—
1-4 family - closed-end		885		665		—		746		2
Equity lines		206		178		—		208		—
Commercial real estate- owner occupied		117		117		—		157		—
Commercial real estate- non-owner occupied		10		—		—		25		—
Farmland		293		293		—		327		—
Total real estate		1,539		1,281		—		1,497		2
Agriculture		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		1,158		1,147		—		1,433		—
Consumer loans		230		76		—		317		—
Subtotal		2,927		2,504		—		3,247		2
Total	$	17,379	$	16,413	$	1,153	$	19,049	$	784

The specific loss allowance for an impaired loan generally represents the difference between the book value of the loan and either the fair value of underlying collateral less estimated disposition costs, or the loan’s net present value as determined by a discounted cash flow analysis. The discounted cash flow approach is typically used to measure impairment on loans for which it is anticipated that repayment will be provided from cash flows other than those generated solely by the disposition or operation of underlying collateral. However, historical loss rates may be used to determine a specific loss allowance if they indicate a higher potential reserve need than the discounted cash flow analysis. Any change in impairment attributable to the passage of time is accommodated by adjusting the loss allowance accordingly.

For loans where repayment is expected to be provided by the disposition or operation of the underlying collateral, impairment is measured using the fair value of the collateral. If the collateral value, net of the expected costs of disposition where applicable, is less than the loan balance, then a specific loss reserve is established for the shortfall in collateral coverage. If the discounted collateral value is greater than or equal to the loan balance, no specific loss reserve is required. At the time a collateral-dependent loan is

designated as nonperforming, a new appraisal is ordered and typically received within 30 to 60 days if a recent appraisal is not already available. We generally use external appraisals to determine the fair value of the underlying collateral for nonperforming real estate loans, although the Company’s licensed staff appraisers may update older appraisals based on current market conditions and property value trends. Until an updated appraisal is received, the Company uses the existing appraisal to determine the amount of the specific loss allowance that may be required. The specific loss allowance is adjusted, as necessary, once a new appraisal is received. Updated appraisals are generally ordered at least annually for collateral-dependent loans that remain impaired. Current appraisals were available or in process for 94% of the Company’s impaired real estate loan balances at March 31, 2018. Furthermore, the Company analyzes collateral-dependent loans on at least a quarterly basis, to determine if any portion of the recorded investment in such loans can be identified as uncollectible and would therefore constitute a confirmed loss. All amounts deemed to be uncollectible are promptly charged off against the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses, with the loan then carried at the fair value of the collateral, as appraised, less estimated costs of disposition if applicable. Once a charge-off or write-down is recorded, it will not be restored to the loan balance on the Company’s accounting books.

Our methodology also provides for the establishment of a “general” allowance for probable incurred losses inherent in loans and leases that are not impaired. Unimpaired loan balances are segregated by credit quality, and are then evaluated in pools with common characteristics. At the present time, pools are based on the same segmentation of loan types presented in our regulatory filings. While this methodology utilizes historical loss data and other measurable information, the credit classification of loans and the establishment of the allowance for loan and lease losses are both to some extent based on Management’s judgment and experience. Our methodology incorporates a variety of risk considerations, both quantitative and qualitative, in establishing an allowance for loan and lease losses that Management believes is appropriate at each reporting date. Quantitative information includes our historical loss experience, delinquency and charge-off trends, and current collateral values. Qualitative factors include the general economic environment in our markets and, in particular, the condition of the agricultural industry and other key industries. Lending policies and procedures (including underwriting standards), the experience and abilities of lending staff, the quality of loan review, credit concentrations (by geography, loan type, industry and collateral type), the rate of loan portfolio growth, and changes in legal or regulatory requirements are additional factors that are considered. The total general reserve established for probable incurred losses on unimpaired loans was $7.097 million at March 31, 2018.

There were no material changes to the methodology used to determine our allowance for loan and lease losses during the three months ended March 31, 2018, although minor adjustments were made to certain qualitative factor multipliers. As we add new products and expand our geographic coverage, and as the regulatory and economic environments change, we expect to enhance our methodology to keep pace with the size and complexity of the loan and lease portfolio and respond to pressures created by external forces. We engage outside firms on a regular basis to assess our methodology and perform independent credit reviews of our loan and lease portfolio. In addition, the Company’s external auditors, the FDIC, and the California DBO review the allowance for loan and lease losses as an integral part of their audit and examination processes. Management believes that the current methodology is appropriate given our size and level of complexity.

The tables that follow detail the activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses for the periods noted:

Allowance for Credit Losses and Recorded Investment in Financing Receivables
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	Three months ended March 31, 2018
	Real Estate			Agricultural Products			Commercial and Industrial			Consumer			Unallocated			Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning Balance	$	4,786		$	208		$	2,772		$	1,231		$	46		$	9,043
Charge-offs		(26	)		—			(33	)		(565	)		—			(624	)
Recoveries		64			—			29			279			—			372
Provision		12			18			137			57			(24	)		200
Ending Balance	$	4,836		$	226		$	2,905		$	1,002		$	22		$	8,991

Reserves:
Specific	$	778		$	—		$	958		$	158		$	—		$	1,894
General		4,058			226			1,947			844			22			7,097
Ending Balance	$	4,836		$	226		$	2,905		$	1,002		$	22		$	8,991

Loans evaluated for impairment:
Individually	$	11,887		$	—		$	1,504		$	919		$	—		$	14,310
Collectively		1,278,276			54,270			236,840			8,520						1,577,906
Ending Balance	$	1,290,163		$	54,270		$	238,344		$	9,439		$	—		$	1,592,216

	Year ended December 31, 2017
	Real Estate			Agricultural Products			Commercial and Industrial			Consumer			Unallocated			Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning Balance	$	3,548		$	209		$	4,279		$	1,208		$	457		$	9,701
Charge-offs		(101	)		(154	)		(669	)		(2,161	)		—			(3,085	)
Recoveries		2,235			5			310			1,017			—			3,567
Provision		(896	)		148			(1,148	)		1,167			(411	)		(1,140	)
Ending Balance	$	4,786		$	208		$	2,772		$	1,231		$	46		$	9,043

Reserves:
Specific	$	728		$	-		$	188		$	237		$	—		$	1,153
General		4,058			208			2,584			994			46			7,890
Ending Balance	$	4,786		$	208		$	2,772		$	1,231		$	46		$	9,043

Loans evaluated for impairment:
Individually	$	13,072		$	—		$	2,064		$	1,277		$	—		$	16,413
Collectively		1,213,644			46,796			271,618			9,349			—			1,541,407
Ending Balance	$	1,226,716		$	46,796		$	273,682		$	10,626		$	—		$	1,557,820

On October 1, 2017, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding common shares of Ojai Community Bancorp, parent company to Ojai Community Bank (collectively referred to herein as “Ojai”), in exchange for $809,000 in cash and 1,376,431 shares of Sierra Bancorp stock. Immediately thereafter, Ojai Community Bank was merged into Bank of the Sierra. At the time of the acquisition, the

fair value of Ojai’s loans and deposits totaled $218 million and $231 million, respectively. In accordance with GAAP, the Company also recorded $18.5 million of goodwill and $3.5 million of core deposit intangibles in connection with the transaction. The core deposit intangible is being amortized on a straight line basis over eight years. The conversion of Ojai’s core banking system to Bank of the Sierra’s core system took place on November 3, 2017.

Furthermore, on November 3, 2017 the Company acquired the Woodlake branch of Citizen’s Business Bank. Woodlake branch deposits totaled approximately $27 million at the acquisition date, consisting largely of non-maturity deposits. The acquisition also included the purchase of the Woodlake branch building, the real property on which the building is located, and certain other equipment and fixed assets at their aggregate fair value of $500,000. In accordance with GAAP, the Company recorded $625,000 of goodwill and $486,000 of core deposit intangibles in conjunction with the transaction. The core deposit intangible is being amortized on a straight line basis over eight years.

On January 23, 2018, the Bank announced that it has entered into an agreement with Community Bank of Santa Maria to acquire its branch located in Lompoc, California (Santa Barbara County). The transaction is expected to close in May of 2018, subject to customary closing conditions. Subsequent to the acquisition, the Lompoc branch will operate as a full-service branch of Bank of the Sierra. Lompoc branch deposits totaled $40 million at March 31 2018, consisting largely of non-maturity deposits. The acquisition agreement also contemplates that Bank of the Sierra will purchase the Lompoc branch building, the real property on which the building is located, and certain other equipment and fixed assets at their aggregate fair value of $1.7 million.

This Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “projects”, and “estimates” or variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on certain underlying assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, as they could be impacted by a number of potential risks and developments that cannot be predicted with any degree of certainty. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed, forecast in, or implied by such forward-looking statements.

A variety of factors could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations, and should be considered when evaluating the Company’s potential future financial performance. They include, but are not limited to, the risk of unfavorable economic conditions in the Company’s market areas; risks associated with fluctuations in interest rates; liquidity risks; increases in nonperforming assets and credit losses that could occur, particularly in times of weak economic conditions or rising interest rates; reductions in the market value of available-for-sale securities that could result if interest rates increase substantially or an issuer has real or perceived financial difficulties; the Company’s ability to attract and retain skilled employees; the Company’s ability to successfully deploy new technology; the success of acquisitions or branch expansion; and risks associated with the multitude of current and prospective laws and regulations to which the Company is and will be subject. Risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from results that might be implied by forward-looking statements include the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

The Company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The financial information and disclosures contained within those statements are significantly impacted by Management’s estimates and judgments, which are based on historical experience and incorporate various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under current circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates under divergent conditions.

Critical accounting policies are those that involve the most complex and subjective decisions and assessments, and have the greatest potential impact on the Company’s stated results of operations. In Management’s opinion, the Company’s critical accounting policies deal with the following areas: the establishment of the allowance for loan and lease losses, as explained in detail in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements and in the “Provision for Loan and Lease Losses” and “Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” sections of this discussion and analysis; the valuation of impaired loans and foreclosed assets, as discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements; income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities, especially with regard to the ability of the Company to recover deferred tax assets as discussed in the “Provision for Income Taxes” and “Other Assets” sections of this discussion and analysis; and goodwill and other intangible assets, which are evaluated annually for impairment and for which we have determined that no impairment exists, as discussed in the “Other Assets” section of this discussion and analysis. Critical accounting areas are evaluated on an ongoing basis to ensure that the Company’s financial statements incorporate our most recent expectations with regard to those areas.

Net income for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 was $6.710 million, representing an increase of $2.159 million, or 47%, relative to net income of $4.551 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2017. Basic and diluted earnings per share for the first quarter of 2018

were both $0.44, compared to $0.33 basic earnings per share and $0.32 diluted earnings per share for the first quarter of 2017. The Company’s annualized return on average equity was 10.61% and annualized return on average assets was 1.16% for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, compared to 8.85% and 0.94%, respectively, for the quarter ended March 31, 2017. The primary drivers behind the variance in first quarter net income are as follows:

The Company’s assets totaled $2.374 billion at March 31, 2018, relative to $2.340 billion at December 31, 2017. Total liabilities were $2.118 billion at March 31, 2018 compared to $2.084 billion at the end of 2017, and shareholders’ equity totaled $255 million at March 31, 2018 compared to $256 million at December 31, 2017. The following provides a summary of key balance sheet changes during the first three months of 2018:

The Company earns income from two primary sources. The first is net interest income, which is interest income generated by earning assets less interest expense on deposits and other borrowed money. The second is non-interest income, which primarily consists of customer service charges and fees but also comes from non-customer sources such as bank-owned life insurance. The majority of the Company’s non-interest expense is comprised of operating costs that facilitate offering a full range of banking services to our customers.

Net interest income increased by $4.877 million, or 29%, for the first quarter of 2018 relative to the first quarter of 2017. The level of net interest income we recognize in any given period depends on a combination of factors including the average volume and yield for interest-earning assets, the average volume and cost of interest-bearing liabilities, and the mix of products which comprise the Company’s earning assets, deposits, and other interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is also impacted by the reversal of interest for loans placed on non-accrual status during the reporting period, and the recovery of interest on loans that had been on non-accrual and were paid off, sold or returned to accrual status.

The following table shows average balances for significant balance sheet categories and the amount of interest income or interest expense associated with each category for the noted periods. The table also displays calculated yields on each major component of the Company’s investment and loan portfolios, average rates paid on each key segment of the Company’s interest-bearing liabilities, and our net interest margin for the noted periods.

Average Balances and Rates
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	For the three months ended							For the three months ended
	Ended March 31, 2018							Ended March 31, 2017
Assets	Average Balance ⁽¹⁾		Income/ Expense		Average Rate/Yield ⁽²⁾			Average Balance ⁽¹⁾		Income/ Expense		Average Rate/Yield ⁽²⁾
Investments:
Federal funds sold/due from time	$	30,476	$	118		1.55	%	$	56,658	$	114		0.80	%
Taxable		425,075		2,338		2.20	%		424,763		2,008		1.89	%
Non-taxable		141,579		1,016		3.63	%		116,049		805		4.27	%
Equity		—		—		—			1,605		5		1.25	%
Total investments		597,130		3,472		2.51	%		599,075		2,932		2.25	%

Loans and Leases:⁽³⁾
Real estate		1,254,596		16,644		5.38	%		927,531		11,608		5.08	%
Agricultural		50,131		658		5.32	%		47,508		556		4.75	%
Commercial		127,316		1,379		4.39	%		120,075		1,499		5.06	%
Consumer		10,493		293		11.32	%		12,095		347		11.64	%
Mortgage warehouse lines		83,348		978		4.76	%		90,030		917		4.13	%
Other		3,013		52		7.00	%		2,979		43		5.85	%
Total loans and leases		1,528,897		20,004		5.31	%		1,200,218		14,970		5.06	%
Total interest earning assets⁽⁴⁾		2,126,027		23,476		4.53	%		1,799,293		17,902		4.13	%
Other earning assets		10,195							8,506
Non-earning assets		201,397							155,246
Total assets	$	2,337,619						$	1,963,045

Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Interest bearing deposits:
Demand deposits	$	116,829	$	88		0.31	%	$	134,717	$	101		0.30	%
NOW		409,198		117		0.12	%		368,612		102		0.11	%
Savings accounts		293,716		76		0.10	%		221,449		63		0.12	%
Money market		164,824		42		0.10	%		120,367		23		0.08	%
CDAR's		—		—		—			128		—		—
Certificates of deposit, under $100,000		81,699		108		0.54	%		74,704		58		0.31	%
Certificates of deposit, $100,000 or more		294,019		887		1.22	%		267,885		342		0.52	%
Total interest bearing deposits		1,360,285		1,318		0.39	%		1,187,862		689		0.24	%
Borrowed Funds:
Federal funds purchased		10		—		—			3		—		—
Repurchase agreements		9,805		10		0.41	%		8,157		8		0.40	%
Short term borrowings		944		3		1.29	%		1,648		2		0.49	%
TRUPS		34,606		385		4.51	%		34,428		320		3.77	%
Total borrowed funds		45,365		398		3.56	%		44,236		330		3.03	%
Total interest bearing liabilities		1,405,650		1,716		0.50	%		1,232,098		1,019		0.34	%
Demand deposits - non-interest bearing		643,524							495,656
Other liabilities		31,936							26,817
Shareholders' equity		256,509							208,474
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	2,337,619						$	1,963,045

Interest income/interest earning assets						4.53	%						4.13	%
Interest expense/interest earning assets						0.33	%						0.23	%
Net interest income and margin⁽⁵⁾			$	21,760		4.20	%			$	16,883		3.90	%

The Volume and Rate Variances table below sets forth the dollar difference for the comparative periods in interest earned or paid for each major category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the amount of such change attributable to fluctuations in average balances (volume) or differences in average interest rates. Volume variances are equal to the increase or decrease in average balances multiplied by prior period rates, and rate variances are equal to the change in rates multiplied by prior period average balances. Variances attributable to both rate and volume changes, calculated by multiplying the change in rates by the change in average balances, have been allocated to the rate variance.

Volume & Rate Variances
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	Three months ended March 31,
	2018 over 2017
	Increase (decrease) due to
Assets:	Volume			Rate			Net
Investments:
Federal funds sold/due from time	$	(53	)	$	57		$	4
Taxable		1			329			330
Non-taxable		177			34			211
Equity		(5	)		—			(5	)
Total investments		120			420			540
Loans and Leases:
Real estate		4,093			943			5,036
Agricultural		31			71			102
Commercial		90			(210	)		(120	)
Consumer		(46	)		(8	)		(54	)
Mortgage warehouse		(68	)		129			61
Other		—			9			9
Total loans and leases		4,100			934			5,034
Total interest earning assets	$	4,220		$	1,354		$	5,574
Liabilities
Interest Bearing Deposits:
Demand deposits	$	(13	)		—		$	(13	)
NOW		11			4			15
Savings accounts		21			(8	)		13
Money market		8			11			19
Certificates of deposit, under $100,000		5			45			50
Certificates of deposit, $100,000 or more		33			512			545
Total interest bearing deposits		65			564			629
Borrowed Funds:
Repurchase agreements		2			—			2
Short term borrowings		(1	)		2			1
TRUPS		2			63			65
Total borrowed funds		3			65			68
Total interest bearing liabilities		68			629			697
Net interest income	$	4,152		$	725		$	4,877

The volume variance calculated for the first quarter of 2018 relative to the first quarter of 2017 was a favorable $4.152 million, due to an increase of $327 million, or 18%, in the average balance of interest-earning assets resulting from the impact of acquisitions and organic growth in loans and investments. There was also a favorable rate variance of $725,000 for the comparative quarters. Our weighted average yield on interest-earning assets was up by 40 basis points while the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased by only 16 basis points. Investment yields have been increasing due to the current rising rate environment, and in response to limited investment portfolio restructuring which took place in the latter part of 2017. Loan yields have risen due to the impact of higher short-term interest rates on variable-rate loans, and a relatively large volume of new fixed-rate loans booked at higher

interest rates. Our weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased primarily because of higher rates paid on adjustable-rate trust-preferred securities (“TRUPS”), short-term borrowings and large time deposits. Net interest income also benefited from our net interest position, or the difference between interest-earnings assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as the yield increase on earning assets was applied to a much higher balance than the rate change for interest-bearing liabilities. Furthermore, there was a favorable shift within interest-earning assets, with the average balance of relatively higher-yielding loans increasing by 27% relative to no net growth in the average balance of lower-yielding investments. The comparative results were also impacted by non-recurring interest items, which can include things such as interest recoveries on non-accrual loans, interest reversals for loans placed on non-accrual status, accelerated fee recognition for loan prepayments, and late fees. We had net interest recoveries of $102,000 in the first quarter of 2018, relative to net interest recoveries of $136,000 in the first quarter of 2017. Moreover, approximately six basis points of our first quarter 2018 and 2017 net interest margins can be attributed to discount accretion on loans from whole-bank acquisitions.

The Company’s net interest margin, which is tax-equivalent net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets, was affected by the same factors discussed above relative to rate and volume variances. Our net interest margin was 4.20% in the first quarter of 2018, up 30 basis points relative to the first quarter of 2017 primarily as the result of higher loan and investment yields.

Credit risk is inherent in the business of making loans. The Company sets aside an allowance for loan and lease losses, a contra-asset account, through periodic charges to earnings which are reflected in the income statement as the provision for loan and lease losses. We recorded a $200,000 provision for loan losses in the first quarter of 2018, which was primarily used to enhance specific reserves on impaired loans. There was no provision in the first quarter of 2017. Specifically identifiable and quantifiable loan losses are immediately charged off against the allowance, and the Company recorded $252,000 in net loan balances charged off in the first quarter of 2018 relative to $113,000 in the first quarter of 2017.

With the loan loss provision that was recorded in the first quarter of 2018, we have been able to maintain our allowance for loan and lease losses at a level that, in Management’s judgment, is adequate to absorb probable loan losses related to specifically-identified impaired loans as well as probable incurred losses in the remaining loan portfolio. The need for reserve replenishment via a loan loss provision has been minimized in recent periods for the following reasons: all of our acquired loans were booked at their fair values at acquisition, and thus did not initially require a loan loss allowance; charge-offs have primarily been recorded against pre-established reserves which alleviated what otherwise might have been a need for reserve replenishment; organic growth in our performing loan portfolio has been concentrated in loan types with low historical loss rates, and loss rates for most loan types have been declining, thus having a positive impact on general reserves for performing loans; and, new loans booked during and since the great recession have been underwritten using tighter credit standards than was the case for many legacy loans.

The Company’s policies for monitoring the adequacy of the allowance and determining loan amounts that should be charged off, and other detailed information with regard to changes in the allowance, are discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements and below under “Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses.” The process utilized to establish an appropriate allowance for loan and lease losses can result in a high degree of variability in the Company’s loan loss provision, and consequently in our net earnings.

The following table provides details on the Company’s non-interest income and non-interest expense for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

Non Interest Income/Expense
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	For the three months ended March 31,
NON-INTEREST INCOME:	2018			% of Total			2017			% of Total
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	2,946			57.39	%	$	2,571			50.09	%
Other service charges, commissions & fees		2,151			41.91	%		2,062			40.17	%
Gains on securities		—			—			8			0.15	%
Bank owned life insurance		203			3.95	%		453			8.83	%
Other		(167	)		-3.25	%		39			0.76	%
Total non-interest income	$	5,133			100.00	%	$	5,133			100.00	%
As a % of average interest-earning assets⁽¹⁾					0.98	%					1.16	%

OTHER OPERATING EXPENSE:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	9,183			51.34	%	$	7,885			50.22	%
Occupancy costs
Furniture & equipment		626			3.50	%		685			4.36	%
Premises		1,722			9.63	%		1,635			10.41	%
Advertising and marketing costs		621			3.47	%		518			3.30	%
Data processing costs		1,271			7.11	%		938			5.97	%
Deposit services costs		1,238			6.92	%		933			5.94	%
Loan services costs
Loan processing		321			1.79	%		250			1.59	%
Foreclosed assets		228			1.27	%		141			0.90	%
Other operating costs
Telephone & data communications		327			1.83	%		422			2.69	%
Postage & mail		276			1.54	%		258			1.64	%
Other		326			1.82	%		250			1.60	%
Professional services costs
Legal & accounting		432			2.42	%		423			2.69	%
Acquisition costs		286			1.60	%		(5	)		-0.02	%
Other professional service		578			3.23	%		883			5.62	%
Stationery & supply costs		320			1.79	%		328			2.09	%
Sundry & tellers		132			0.74	%		157			1.00	%
Total non-interest expense	$	17,887			100.00	%	$	15,701			100.00	%
As a % of average interest-earning assets⁽¹⁾					3.41	%					3.54	%
Efficiency Ratio ⁽²⁾		65.72	%					69.21	%

Total non-interest income was unchanged for the first quarter of 2018 relative to the first quarter of 2017, mainly because an increase in core service charges on deposits was offset by lower income on bank-owned life insurance (BOLI) and a drop in other non-interest income. Total non-interest income was an annualized 0.98% of average interest-earning assets in the first quarter of 2018 relative to 1.16% in the first quarter of 2017.

Service charges on deposit accounts increased by $375,000, or 15%, in the first quarter of 2018 relative to the first quarter of 2017, due to fees earned on a higher number of deposit accounts, as well as a higher level of commercial deposit account activity and additional fees on higher-risk accounts. Because total non-interest income was the same for the comparative periods, the Company’s ratio of service charge income to total non-interest income increased to 57.39% in the first quarter of 2018 from 50.09% in the first

quarter of 2017. Other service charges, commissions, and fees increased by $89,000, or 4%, due to a higher level of debit card interchange fees.

BOLI income fell by $250,000, or 55%, in the first quarter of 2018 relative to the first quarter of 2017. BOLI income is derived from two types of policies owned by the Company, namely “separate account” and “general account” life insurance, and the decline in the first quarter of 2018 is due in large part to fluctuations in separate account BOLI income. The Company had $6.8 million invested in separate account BOLI at March 31, 2018, which produces income that helps offset expense accruals for deferred compensation accounts the Company maintains on behalf of certain directors and senior officers. Those accounts have returns pegged to participant-directed investment allocations that can include equity, bond, or real estate indices, and are thus subject to gains or losses which often contribute to significant fluctuations in income (and associated expense accruals). Losses on separate account BOLI totaled $40,000 in the first quarter of 2018 relative to gains of $205,000 in the first quarter of 2017, for an absolute decline of $245,000. As noted, gains and losses on separate account BOLI are related to expense accruals or reversals associated with participant gains and losses on deferred compensation balances, thus their net impact on taxable income tends to be minimal. The Company’s books also reflect a net cash surrender value of $40.8 million for general account BOLI at March 31, 2018. General account BOLI generates income that helps offset expenses associated with executive salary continuation plans, director retirement plans and other employee benefits. Interest credit rates on general account BOLI do not change frequently so the income has typically been fairly consistent.

The “Other” category under non-interest income reflects an absolute decline of $206,000 for the quarterly comparison. This line item includes gains and losses on the disposition of assets other than OREO, rent on bank-owned property other than OREO, dividends on restricted stock (including dividends on our equity investment in the Federal Home Loan Bank), and other miscellaneous income. Amortization expense associated with our investments in low-income housing tax credit funds and other limited partnership investments, which is netted against “Other” non-interest income, increased by $168,000 for the quarter and was thus the largest contributor to the unfavorable variance in the category.

Total operating expense, or non-interest expense, increased by $2.186 million, or 14%, in the first quarter of 2018 over the first quarter of 2017. The increase is comprised in large part of ongoing operating costs incidental to our acquisitions and de novo branch expansion, but also includes $286,000 in nonrecurring acquisition costs recorded in the first quarter of 2018. Approximately half of the acquisition costs are residual expenses attributable to Ojai Community Bank and the Woodlake branch, and the remainder are associated with our pending purchase of a branch in Lompoc, California. Non-interest expense was 3.41% of average earning assets in the first quarter of 2018, relative to 3.54% for the first quarter of 2017.

The largest component of operating expense, namely salaries and employee benefits, was up $1.298 million, or 16%, in the first quarter of 2018 over the first quarter of 2017. Personnel costs increased due to expenses for employees retained subsequent to our acquisitions, staffing costs for de novo branch offices that commenced operations in 2017, salary adjustments in the normal course of business, costs for non-acquisition related staff additions, and a relatively large increase in group health insurance costs. Salaries directly related to successful loan originations are deferred and amortized as loan costs over the life of the related loans, which reduces current period compensation expense. Loan origination salaries that were deferred from current expense totaled $1.040 million in the first quarter of 2018 and $843,000 in the first quarter of 2017, an increase of $197,000 due to variability in successful organic loan origination activity, which had a favorable impact on the variance in salaries and benefits. Moreover, employee deferred compensation expense, a component of salaries and benefits which is associated with BOLI income as noted above, reflects an expense reversal of $58,000 in the first quarter of 2018 relative to an expense accrual of $42,000 in the first quarter of 2017, for an overall expense reduction of $100,000. As noted above in our discussion of BOLI income, employee deferred compensation plan accruals are related to separate account BOLI income and losses, as are directors deferred compensation accruals that are included in “other professional services,” and the net income impact of all income/expense accruals related to deferred compensation is usually minimal. The Company had 552 full-time equivalent employees at March 31, 2018 relative to 487 at March 31, 2017, and salaries and benefits were 51.34% of total operating expense in the first quarter of 2018 relative to 50.22% in the first quarter of 2017.

Total occupancy expense did not change materially in the first quarter of 2018 relative to the first quarter of 2017, since increases resulting from occupancy costs associated with a higher number of branches were largely offset by reductions in non-recurring expenses associated with a de novo branch opening in the first quarter of 2017. In addition to the nonrecurring acquisition costs noted above, other categories within non-interest expense reflect annual increases incurred in the normal course of business, higher operating costs stemming from more branches, an increase in amortization expense associated with core deposit intangibles created pursuant to our acquisitions in 2017, and higher net OREO expense. These expense increases were partially offset by lower professional services costs stemming from a drop of $131,000 in deferred fee expense for our directors related to the decline in BOLI income, and a reduction of $242,000 in directors’ stock option expense. Stock option expense is lower since options issued to

directors in 2018 have a one-year vesting period over which expenses are amortized, as opposed to immediate vesting for stock options issued in prior years.

The Company’s tax-equivalent overhead efficiency ratio was 65.72% in the first quarter of 2018 relative to 69.21% in the first quarter of 2017. The overhead efficiency ratio represents total non-interest expense divided by the sum of fully tax-equivalent net interest and non-interest income, with the provision for loan losses and investment gains/losses excluded from the equation. The ratio improved in the first quarter of 2018 due in large part to a higher level of net interest income, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of non-recurring acquisition costs. Our lower federal income tax rate also had an unfavorable impact on the ratio, effectively adding 79 basis points to our overhead efficiency ratio in the first quarter of 2018.

The Company sets aside a provision for income taxes on a monthly basis. The amount of that provision is determined by first applying the Company’s statutory income tax rates to estimated taxable income, which is pre-tax book income adjusted for permanent differences, and then subtracting available tax credits. Permanent differences include but are not limited to tax-exempt interest income, BOLI income, and certain book expenses that are not allowed as tax deductions. Our tax credits consist primarily of those generated by investments in low-income housing tax credit funds, and California state employment tax credits.

The Company’s provision for income taxes was 24% of pre-tax income in the first quarter of 2018 as compared to 28% in the first quarter of 2017. The lower tax accrual rate for 2018 is primarily the result of a lower federal income tax rate. Our tax accrual rate would have been even higher in 2017 if not for our adoption of FASB’s Accounting Standards Update 2016-09 effective January 1, 2017, and the subsequent change in accounting methodology associated with the disqualifying disposition of Company shares issued pursuant to the exercise of incentive stock options. Prior to January 1, 2017, the favorable tax impact of disqualifying dispositions was recorded directly to equity, whereas it is now reflected in the income statement as an adjustment to our income tax provision. Disqualifying dispositions had a marginal effect on our tax accrual rate during the first quarter of 2018, but they occurred at a higher rate during the first quarter of 2017 and thus had a more material impact.

The Company’s interest-earning assets are comprised of investments and loans, and the composition, growth characteristics, and credit quality of both of those components are significant determinants of the Company’s financial condition. Investments are analyzed in the section immediately below, while the loan and lease portfolio and other factors affecting earning assets are discussed in the sections following investments.

The Company’s investments can at any given time consist of debt securities and marketable equity securities (together, the “investment portfolio”), investments in the time deposits of other banks, surplus interest-earning balances in our Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) account, and overnight fed funds sold. Surplus FRB balances and fed funds sold to correspondent banks represent the temporary investment of excess liquidity. The Company’s investments serve several purposes: 1) they provide liquidity to even out cash flows from the loan and deposit activities of customers; 2) they provide a source of pledged assets for securing public deposits, bankruptcy deposits and certain borrowed funds which require collateral; 3) they constitute a large base of assets with maturity and interest rate characteristics that can be changed more readily than the loan portfolio, to better match changes in the deposit base and other funding sources of the Company; 4) they are another interest-earning option for surplus funds when loan demand is light; and 5) they can provide partially tax exempt income. Aggregate investments totaled $571 million at March 31, 2018 and $567 million at December 31, 2017, constituting 24% of total assets at both dates.

We had no fed funds sold at the end of the reporting periods, and interest-bearing balances at other banks declined to $7 million at March 31, 2018 from $9 million at December 31, 2017. The Company’s investment securities portfolio had a book balance of $564 million at March 31, 2018, reflecting an increase of $5 million, or 1%, for the first three months of 2018. The Company carries investments at their fair market values. We currently have the intent and ability to hold our investment securities to maturity, but the securities are all marketable and are classified as “available for sale” to allow maximum flexibility with regard to interest rate risk and liquidity management. The expected average life for bonds in our investment portfolio was 4.2 years and their average effective

duration was 3.3 years at March 31, 2018, up slightly from an expected average life of 4.0 years and an average effective duration of 3.1 years at year-end 2017.

The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair market value of Company’s investment portfolio by investment type as of the dates noted:

The net unrealized loss on our investment portfolio, or the amount by which aggregate fair market values fell short of amortized cost, was $11 million at March 31, 2018, an increase of $8 million relative to the net unrealized loss of $3 million at December 31, 2017. The increase was caused by the impact of rising market interest rates on fixed-rate bond values. The balance of US Government agency securities in our portfolio declined by $2 million, or 8%, during the first three months of 2018 due primarily to bond maturities. Mortgage-backed securities increased by $8 million, or 2%, due to bond purchases, net of prepayments in the portfolio and changes in fair market values. Municipal bond balances were down $1 million, or 1%, as declines in market valuations offset the impact of bond purchases. Municipal bonds purchased in recent periods have strong underlying ratings, and all municipal bonds in our portfolio undergo a detailed quarterly review for potential impairment.

Investment securities that were pledged as collateral for Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings, repurchase agreements, public deposits and other purposes as required or permitted by law totaled $189 million at March 31, 2018 and $183 million at December 31, 2017, leaving $375 million in unpledged debt securities at March 31, 2018 and $376 million at December 31, 2017. Securities that were pledged in excess of actual pledging needs and were thus available for liquidity purposes, if needed, totaled $41 million at March 31, 2018 and $40 million at December 31, 2017.

Total loans and leases, gross of the associated allowance for losses and deferred fees and origination costs, reflect a net increase of $34 million, or 2%, to $1.592 billion at March 31, 2018 from $1.558 billion at December 31, 2017, despite a drop of $29 million in balances outstanding on mortgage warehouse lines. A distribution of the Company’s loans showing the balance and percentage of loans by type is presented for the noted periods in the table below. The balances in the table are before deferred or unamortized loan origination, extension, or commitment fees, and deferred origination costs. While not reflected in the loan totals and not currently comprising a material segment of our lending activities, the Company also occasionally originates and sells, or participates out portions of, loans to non-affiliated investors.

Loan and Lease Distribution
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Real Estate:
1-4 family residential construction	$	81,580		$	74,256
Other construction/land		77,293			58,779
1-4 family - closed-end		226,925			204,766
Equity lines		60,649			62,590
Multi-family residential		42,569			42,930
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		261,261			263,447
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		396,957			379,432
Farmland		142,929			140,516
Total real estate		1,290,163			1,226,716
Agricultural		54,270			46,796
Commercial and industrial		129,771			135,662
Mortgage warehouse lines		108,573			138,020
Consumer loans		9,439			10,626
Total loans and leases	$	1,592,216		$	1,557,820
Percentage of Total Loans and Leases
Real Estate:
1-4 family residential construction		5.12	%		4.77	%
Other construction/land		4.85	%		3.77	%
1-4 family - closed-end		14.25	%		13.14	%
Equity lines		3.81	%		4.02	%
Multi-family residential		2.67	%		2.76	%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		16.41	%		16.91	%
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		24.93	%		24.36	%
Farmland		8.98	%		9.02	%
Total real estate		81.02	%		78.75	%
Agricultural		3.41	%		3.00	%
Commercial and industrial		8.16	%		8.71	%
Mortgage warehouse lines		6.82	%		8.86	%
Consumer loans		0.59	%		0.68	%
Total loans and leases		100.00	%		100.00	%

For the first three months of 2018, total real estate loans increased by $63 million, or 5%, due to strong organic growth in construction loans and robust growth in loans secured by residential properties, commercial real estate, and farmland. The increase in residential loans includes the bulk purchase of $11 million in single-family mortgage loans. Agricultural production loans were also up by $7 million, or 16%, for the first quarter of 2018. As noted, outstanding balances on mortgage warehouse lines were down $29 million, or 21%, as the utilization rate on mortgage warehouse lines dropped to 28% at March 31, 2018 from 34% at December 31, 2017 and we exited a couple of relationships. Commercial loan and lease balances reflect a net decline of $6 million, or 4%, since the addition of new commercial lending relationships was more than offset by payoffs in the portfolio, and consumer loan balances were also down by $1 million, or 11%.

Management remains focused on loan growth, which combined with stronger economic activity in some of our markets has led to record levels for our pipeline of loans in process of approval in recent periods. However, we are still experiencing sporadic prepayments and mortgage warehouse lending is subject to significant fluctuations, thus no assurance can be provided with regard to future net growth in aggregate loan balances.

Nonperforming assets are comprised of loans for which the Company is no longer accruing interest, and foreclosed assets including mobile homes and OREO. If the Company grants a concession to a borrower in financial difficulty, the loan falls into the category of a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). TDRs may be classified as either nonperforming or performing loans depending on their underlying characteristics and circumstances. The following table presents comparative data for the Company’s nonperforming assets and performing TDRs as of the dates noted:

Nonperforming assets and performing troubled debt restructurings
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			March 31, 2017
NON-ACCRUAL LOANS:
Real estate:
Other construction/land	$	71		$	77		$	148
1-4 family - closed-end		910			871			932
Equity lines		646			922			1,754
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		227			236			1,462
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		105			123			—
Farmland		33			293			38
TOTAL REAL ESTATE		1,992			2,522			4,334
Agriculture		—			—			22
Commercial and industrial		963			1,301			1,135
Consumer loans		134			140			434
TOTAL NONPERFORMING LOANS		3,089			3,963			5,925

Foreclosed assets		5,371			5,481			2,168
Total nonperforming assets	$	8,460		$	9,444		$	8,093
Performing TDRs⁽¹⁾	$	11,185		$	12,413		$	13,814
Nonperforming loans as a % of total gross loans and leases		0.19	%		0.25	%		0.48	%
Nonperforming assets as a % of total gross loans and leases and foreclosed assets		0.53	%		0.60	%		0.65	%

⁽¹⁾ Performing TDRs are not included in nonperforming loans above, nor are they included in the numerators used to calculate the ratios disclosed in this table.

Total nonperforming assets were reduced by $984,000, or 10%, during the first three months of 2018, due primarily to the resolution of certain nonperforming loans. The $3.1 million balance of nonperforming loans at March 31, 2018 includes $1.1 million in TDRs and other loans that were paying as agreed, but which met the technical definition of nonperforming loans and were thus classified as such. As shown in the table, we also had $11.2 million in loans classified as performing TDRs for which we were still accruing interest as of March 31, 2018, a reduction of $1.2 million, or 10%, relative to December 31, 2017.

Foreclosed assets had a carrying value of $5.4 million at March 31, 2018, comprised of 13 properties classified as OREO and three mobile homes. At the end of 2017 foreclosed assets totaled $5.5 million, also consisting of 13 properties classified as OREO and three mobile homes. All foreclosed assets are periodically evaluated and written down to their fair value less expected disposition costs, if lower than the then-current carrying value.

Total nonperforming assets were 0.53% of gross loans and leases plus foreclosed assets at March 31, 2018, down from 0.60% at December 31, 2017 and 0.65% at March 31, 2017. An action plan is in place for each of our non-accruing loans and foreclosed assets and they are all being actively managed. Collection efforts are continuously pursued for all nonperforming loans, but we cannot provide assurance that they will be resolved in a timely manner or that nonperforming balances will not increase.

The allowance for loan and lease losses, a contra-asset, is established through a provision for loan and lease losses. It is maintained at a level that is considered adequate to absorb probable losses on specifically identified impaired loans, as well as probable incurred losses inherent in the remaining loan portfolio. Specifically identifiable and quantifiable losses are immediately charged off against the allowance; recoveries are generally recorded only when sufficient cash payments are received subsequent to the charge off.

The Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses was slightly under $9 million, or 0.56% of gross loans at March 31, 2018, relative to slightly greater than $9 million, or 0.58% of gross loans at December 31, 2017. Certain impaired loan balances were charged off against previously-established reserves during the first quarter of 2018, but those charge-offs were largely offset by additional reserves provided for potential losses on specifically-identified impaired loan balances. The net decline in the allowance in recent periods has been facilitated by the following circumstances: charge-offs have primarily been recorded against pre-established reserves, which alleviated what otherwise might have been a need for reserve replenishment; all acquisition loans were booked at their fair values, and thus did not initially require a loan loss allowance; loan loss rates have been declining, having a positive impact on general reserves established for performing loans; and, new loans booked during and since the great recession have been underwritten using tighter credit standards than was the case for many legacy loans. The ratio of the allowance to nonperforming loans was 291.07% at March 31, 2018, relative to 228.19% at December 31, 2017 and 161.83% at March 31, 2017. A separate allowance of $334,000 for potential losses inherent in unused commitments is included in other liabilities at March 31, 2018.

The table that follows summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses for the noted periods:

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	For the three months			For the three months			For the year
	ended March 31,			ended March 31,			ended December 31,
Balances:	2018			2017			2017
Average gross loans and leases outstanding during period ⁽¹⁾	$	1,528,897		$	1,200,218		$	1,318,909
Gross loans and leases outstanding at end of period	$	1,592,216		$	1,235,897		$	1,557,820

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
Balance at beginning of period	$	9,043		$	9,701		$	9,701
Provision charged to expense		200			—			(1,140	)
Charge-offs
Real Estate
1-4 family residential construction		—			—			—
Other construction/land		—			—			—
1-4 family - closed-end		5			7			7
Equity lines		21			—			58
Multi-family residential		—			—			—
Commercial real estate- owner occupied		—			80			36
Commercial real estate- non-owner occupied		—			—			—
Farmland		—			—			—
TOTAL REAL ESTATE		26			87			101
Agricultural		—			—			154
Commercial & industrial loans		33			29			669
Consumer loans		565			515			2,161
Total	$	624		$	631		$	3,085
Recoveries
Real Estate
1-4 family residential construction		—			—			—
Other construction/land		—			5			5
1-4 family - closed-end		2			3			1,959
Equity lines		62			2			32
Multi-family residential		—			—			—
Commercial real estate- owner occupied		—			—			38
Commercial real estate- non-owner occupied		—			94			201
Farmland		—			—			—
TOTAL REAL ESTATE		64			104			2,235
Agricultural		—			2			5
Commercial and industrial		29			161			310
Consumer loans		279			251			1,017
Total	$	372		$	518		$	3,567
Net loan charge offs (recoveries)	$	252		$	113		$	(482	)
Balance at end of period	$	8,991		$	9,588		$	9,043

RATIOS
Net Charge-offs to Average Loans and Leases (annualized)		0.07	%		0.04	%		-0.04	%
Allowance for Loan Losses to Gross Loans and Leases at End of Period		0.56	%		0.78	%		0.58	%
Allowance for Loan Losses to Nonperforming Loans		291.07	%		161.83	%		228.19	%
Net Loan Charge-offs to Allowance for Loan Losses at End of Period		2.80	%		1.18	%		-5.33	%
Net Loan Charge-offs to Provision for Loan Losses		126.00	%	—				42.28	%

As reflected in the table above, the Company recorded a $200,000 provision for loan losses in the first quarter of 2018, but no provision was required for the first quarter of 2017. Net loans charged off against the allowance totaled $252,000 in the first three months of 2018, relative to $113,000 in net charge-offs during the first three months of 2017. Any shortfall in the allowance identified pursuant to our analysis of remaining probable losses is covered by quarter-end. The “Provision for Loan and Lease Losses” section above includes additional details on our provision and its relationship to actual charge-offs.

The Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses at March 31, 2018 represents Management’s best estimate of probable losses in the loan portfolio as of that date, but no assurance can be given that the Company will not experience substantial losses relative to the size of the allowance. Furthermore, fluctuations in credit quality, changes in economic conditions, updated accounting or regulatory requirements, and/or other factors could induce us to augment or reduce the allowance.

The Company maintains commitments to extend credit in the normal course of business, as long as there are no violations of conditions established in the outstanding contractual arrangements. Unused commitments to extend credit totaled $686 million at March 31, 2018 and $692 million at December 31, 2017, although it is not likely that all of those commitments will ultimately be drawn down. Unused commitments represented approximately 43% of gross loans outstanding at March 31, 2018 and 44% at December 31, 2017. The Company also had undrawn letters of credit issued to customers totaling $10 million at March 31, 2018 and $9 million at December 31, 2017. The effect on the Company’s revenues, expenses, cash flows and liquidity from the unused portion of the commitments to provide credit cannot be reasonably predicted because there is no guarantee that the lines of credit will ever be used. However, the “Liquidity” section in this Form 10-Q outlines resources available to draw upon should we be required to fund a significant portion of unused commitments.

In addition to unused commitments to provide credit, the Company is utilizing an $86 million letter of credit issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank on the Company’s behalf as security for certain deposits and to facilitate certain credit arrangements with the Company’s customers. That letter of credit is backed by loans that are pledged to the FHLB by the Company. For more information regarding the Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 8 to the financial statements located elsewhere herein.

The balance of cash and due from banks depends on the timing of collection of outstanding cash items (checks), the level of cash maintained on hand at our branches, and our reserve requirement among other things, and is subject to significant fluctuation in the normal course of business. While cash flows are normally predictable within limits, those limits are fairly broad and the Company manages its short-term cash position through the utilization of overnight loans to, and borrowings from, correspondent banks, including the Federal Reserve Bank and the Federal Home Loan Bank. Should a large “short” overnight position persist for any length of time, the Company typically raises money through focused retail deposit gathering efforts or by adding brokered time deposits. If a “long” position is prevalent, we will let brokered deposits or other wholesale borrowings roll off as they mature, or we might invest excess liquidity in higher-yielding, longer-term bonds. The Company’s balance of non-interest earning cash and due from banks was $56 million at March 31, 2018 and $61 million at December 31, 2017, with the drop due primarily to a lower level of cash items in process of collection. The average balance of cash and due from banks, which is a better measure for ascertaining trends, was $60 million for the first three months of 2018 relative to an average balance of $53 million for year in 2017. The increase in the average balance is due to vault cash required for acquired and de novo branches, as well as a larger average volume of cash items in process of collection incidental to an expanding base of deposit customers.

Foreclosed assets are discussed above in the section titled “Nonperforming Assets.” Net premises and equipment was down slightly for the first three months of 2018, as the result of depreciation. Goodwill was $27 million at March 31, 2018, unchanged for the first three months of 2018, but other intangible assets were down $230,000, or 4%, due to amortization on core deposit intangibles. The Company’s goodwill and other intangible assets are evaluated annually for potential impairment, and pursuant to that analysis Management has concluded that no impairment exists as of March 31, 2018. Company owned life insurance, with a balance of $48 million at March 31, 2018, is discussed above in the “Non-Interest Income and Non-Interest Expense” section.

The aggregate balance of “Other assets” was $44.9 million at March 31, 2018 and $44.7 million at December 31, 2017. At March 31, 2018, the balance of other assets included as its largest components an $8.0 million investment in low-income housing tax credit funds, a $10.2 million investment in restricted stock, a net deferred tax asset of $9.7 million, accrued interest receivable totaling $7.6 million, and a $3.1 million investment in a small business investment corporation. Restricted stock is comprised primarily of Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco stock held in conjunction with our FHLB borrowings, and is not deemed to be marketable or liquid. Our net deferred tax asset is evaluated as of every reporting date pursuant to FASB guidance, and we have determined that no impairment exists.

Deposits represent another key balance sheet category impacting the Company’s net interest margin and profitability metrics. Deposits provide liquidity to fund growth in earning assets, and the Company’s net interest margin is improved to the extent that growth in deposits is concentrated in less volatile and typically less costly non-maturity deposits such as demand deposit accounts, NOW accounts, savings accounts, and money market demand accounts. Information concerning average balances and rates paid by deposit type for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 is included in the Average Balances and Rates table appearing above, in the section titled “Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin.” A distribution of the Company’s deposits showing the balance and percentage of total deposits by type is presented as of the dates indicated in the following table.

Deposit balances reflect net growth of $48 million, or 2%, during the first three months of 2018 due to seasonal increases in balances and continued growth in the number of accounts. Non-interest bearing demand deposit balances grew by $7 million, or 1%, interest-bearing demand deposit balances were up $14 million, or 12%, NOW accounts increased by $22 million, or 5%, and savings deposits rose by $19 million, or 7%. However, part of the growth in those deposit types came from migration out of money market demand deposits, which were down $15 million, or 9%, for the first three months of 2018. Total time deposits experienced little overall change, as growth in larger time deposits was largely offset by a slight decline in time deposits under $250,000. Management is of the opinion that a relatively high level of core customer deposits is one of the Company’s key strengths, and we continue to strive for core deposit retention and growth. Our deposit-targeted promotions are still favorably impacting growth in the number of accounts and it is expected that balances in these accounts will grow over time consistent with our past experience, although no assurance can be provided with regard to future core deposit increases.

The Company’s non-deposit borrowings may, at any given time, include fed funds purchased from correspondent banks, borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank, advances from the Federal Reserve Bank, securities sold under agreement to repurchase, and/or junior subordinated debentures. The Company uses short-term FHLB advances and fed funds purchased on uncommitted lines to support liquidity needs created by seasonal deposit flows, to temporarily satisfy funding needs from increased loan demand, and for other short-term purposes. The FHLB line is committed, but the amount of available credit depends on the level of pledged collateral.

Total non-deposit interest-bearing liabilities were reduced by $11 million, or 18%, in the first three months of 2018, due to a drop in FHLB borrowings that was partially offset by an increase in customer repurchase agreements. There were $6 million in overnight

borrowings from the FHLB at March 31, 2018, down from $22 million at December 31, 2017, and we had $300,000 in overnight federal funds purchased from other correspondent banks at March 31, 2018 but none at December 31, 2017. There were no advances from the FRB on our books at March 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017. Repurchase agreements totaled $13 million at March 31, 2018, relative to a balance of $8 million at year-end 2017. Repurchase agreements represent “sweep accounts”, where commercial deposit balances above a specified threshold are transferred at the close of each business day into non-deposit accounts secured by investment securities. The Company had junior subordinated debentures totaling slightly more than $34.6 million at March 31, 2018 and slightly less than $34.6 million December 31, 2017, in the form of long-term borrowings from trust subsidiaries formed specifically to issue trust preferred securities. The small increase resulted from the amortization of discount on junior subordinated debentures that were part of our acquisition of Coast Bancorp in 2016.

Other liabilities are principally comprised of accrued interest payable, other accrued but unpaid expenses, and certain clearing amounts. The balance of other liabilities went down by $3 million, or 10%, during the first three months of 2018, since an increase in our accrual for current taxes payable was more than offset by a drop in other accrued expenses, and lower balances in clearing accounts.

Liquidity management refers to the Company’s ability to maintain cash flows that are adequate to fund operations and meet other obligations and commitments in a timely and cost-effective manner. Detailed cash flow projections are reviewed by Management on a monthly basis, with various stress scenarios applied to assess our ability to meet liquidity needs under unusual or adverse conditions. Liquidity ratios are also calculated and reviewed on a regular basis. While those ratios are merely indicators and are not measures of actual liquidity, they are closely monitored and we are committed to maintaining adequate liquidity resources to draw upon should unexpected needs arise.

The Company, on occasion, experiences cash needs as the result of loan growth, deposit outflows, asset purchases or liability repayments. To meet short-term needs, the Company can borrow overnight funds from other financial institutions, draw advances via Federal Home Loan Bank lines of credit, or solicit brokered deposits if customer deposits are not immediately obtainable from local sources. Availability on lines of credit from correspondent banks and the FHLB totaled $497 million at March 31, 2018. An additional $77 million in credit is available from the FHLB if the Company were to pledge sufficient collateral and maintain the required amount of FHLB stock. The Company was also eligible to borrow approximately $71 million at the Federal Reserve Discount Window based on pledged assets at March 31, 2018. Furthermore, funds can be obtained by drawing down any cash available in the Company’s correspondent bank deposit accounts, or by liquidating unpledged investments or other readily saleable assets. In addition, the Company can raise immediate cash for temporary needs by selling under agreement to repurchase those investments in its portfolio which are not pledged as collateral. As of both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, unpledged debt securities plus pledged securities in excess of current pledging requirements comprised $415 million of the Company’s investment balances. Other sources of potential liquidity include but are not necessarily limited to any outstanding fed funds sold and vault cash. The Company has a higher level of actual balance sheet liquidity than might otherwise be the case, since we utilize a letter of credit from the FHLB rather than investment securities for certain pledging requirements. That letter of credit, which is backed by loans pledged to the FHLB by the Company, totaled $86 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Management is of the opinion that available investments and other potentially liquid assets, along with the standby funding sources it has arranged, are more than sufficient to meet the Company’s current and anticipated short-term liquidity needs.

The Company’s net loans to assets and available investments to assets ratios were 67% and 18%, respectively, at March 31, 2018, as compared to internal policy guidelines of “less than 78%” and “greater than 3%.” Other liquidity ratios reviewed periodically by Management and the Board include net loans to total deposits and wholesale funding to total assets (including ratios and sub-limits for the various components comprising wholesale funding), which were well within policy guidelines at March 31, 2018. Strong levels of core deposits and a relatively high balance of liquid investments have had a positive impact on our liquidity position in recent periods, but no assurance can be provided that our liquidity will continue at current robust levels.

The holding company’s primary uses of funds include operating expenses incurred in the normal course of business, shareholder dividends, and stock repurchases. Its primary source of funds is dividends from the Bank, since the holding company does not conduct regular banking operations. Management anticipates that the Bank will have sufficient earnings to provide dividends to the

holding company to meet its funding requirements for the foreseeable future. Both the holding company and the Bank are subject to legal and regulatory limitations on dividend payments, as outlined in Item 5(c) Dividends in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 which was filed with the SEC.

Market risk arises from changes in interest rates, exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. The Company does not engage in the trading of financial instruments, nor does it have exposure to currency exchange rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily that of interest rate risk, and we have established policies and procedures to monitor and limit our earnings and balance sheet exposure to changes in interest rates. The principal objective of interest rate risk management is to manage the financial components of the Company’s balance sheet in a manner that will optimize the risk/reward equation for earnings and capital under a variety of interest rate scenarios.

To identify areas of potential exposure to interest rate changes, we utilize commercially available modeling software to perform monthly earnings simulations and calculate the Company’s market value of portfolio equity under varying interest rate scenarios. The model imports relevant information for the Company’s financial instruments and incorporates Management’s assumptions on pricing, duration, and optionality for anticipated new volumes. Various rate scenarios consisting of key rate and yield curve projections are then applied in order to calculate the expected effect of a given interest rate change on interest income, interest expense, and the value of the Company’s financial instruments. The rate projections can be shocked (an immediate and parallel change in all base rates, up or down), ramped (an incremental increase or decrease in rates over a specified time period), economic (based on current trends and econometric models) or stable (unchanged from current actual levels).

In addition to a stable rate scenario, which presumes that there are no changes in interest rates, we typically use at least six other interest rate scenarios in conducting our rolling 12-month net interest income simulations: upward shocks of 100, 200, and 300 basis points, and downward shocks of 100, 200, and 300 basis points. These scenarios may be supplemented, reduced in number, or otherwise adjusted as determined by Management to provide the most meaningful simulations in light of economic conditions and expectations at the time. We currently utilize an additional upward rate shock scenario of 400 basis points. Pursuant to policy guidelines, we generally attempt to limit the projected decline in net interest income relative to the stable rate scenario to no more than 5% for a 100 basis point (bp) interest rate shock, 10% for a 200 bp shock, 15% for a 300 bp shock, and 20% for a 400 bp shock. As of March 31, 2018 the Company had the following estimated net interest income sensitivity profile, without factoring in any potential negative impact on spreads resulting from competitive pressures or credit quality deterioration:

Our current simulations indicate that the Company has an asset-sensitive profile, meaning that net interest income increases with a parallel shift up in the yield curve but a drop in interest rates could have a negative impact. This profile is consistent with the Company’s relatively large balance of less rate-sensitive non-maturity deposits and large volume of variable-rate loans, which contributes to higher net interest income in rising rate scenarios and compression in net interest income in declining rate scenarios.

If there were an immediate and sustained upward adjustment of 100 basis points in interest rates, all else being equal, net interest income over the next 12 months is projected to improve by $892,000, or 0.95%, relative to a stable interest rate scenario, with the favorable variance continuing to expand slightly as interest rates rise higher. If interest rates were to decline by 100 basis points, however, net interest income would likely be around $5.354 million lower than in a stable interest rate scenario, for a negative variance of 5.72%. The unfavorable variance increases when rates drop 200 or 300 basis points, due to the fact that certain deposit rates are already relatively low (on NOW accounts and savings accounts, for example), and will hit a natural floor of close to zero while non-floored variable-rate loan yields continue to drop. This effect is exacerbated by accelerated prepayments on fixed-rate loans and mortgage-backed securities when rates decline, although rate floors on some of our variable-rate loans partially offset other negative pressures. While we view material interest rate reductions as unlikely in the near term, the potential percentage drop in net interest income exceeds our internal policy guidelines in declining interest rate scenarios and we will continue to monitor our interest rate risk profile and take corrective action as deemed appropriate.

In addition to the net interest income simulations shown above, we run stress scenarios for the unconsolidated Bank modeling the possibility of no balance sheet growth, the potential runoff of “surge” core deposits which flowed into the Company in the most recent economic cycle, and unfavorable movement in deposit rates relative to yields on earning assets (i.e., higher deposit betas). When no

balance sheet growth is incorporated and a stable interest rate environment is assumed, projected annual net interest income is about $2 million lower than in our standard simulation. However, the stressed simulations reveal that the Company’s greatest potential pressure on net interest income would result from excessive non-maturity deposit runoff and/or unfavorable deposit rate changes in upward rate shock scenarios.

The economic value (or “fair value”) of financial instruments on the Company’s balance sheet will also vary under the interest rate scenarios previously discussed. The difference between the projected fair value of the Company’s financial assets and the fair value of its financial liabilities is referred to as the economic value of equity (“EVE”), and changes in EVE under different interest rate scenarios are effectively a gauge of the Company’s longer-term exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Fair values for financial instruments are estimated by discounting projected cash flows (principal and interest) at projected replacement interest rates for each account type, while the fair value of non-financial accounts is assumed to equal their book value for all rate scenarios. An economic value simulation is a static measure utilizing balance sheet accounts at a given point in time, and the measurement can change substantially over time as the characteristics of the Company’s balance sheet evolve and interest rate and yield curve assumptions are updated.

The change in economic value under different interest rate scenarios depends on the characteristics of each class of financial instrument, including stated interest rates or spreads relative to current or projected market-level interest rates or spreads, the likelihood of principal prepayments, whether contractual interest rates are fixed or floating, and the average remaining time to maturity. As a general rule, fixed-rate financial assets become more valuable in declining rate scenarios and less valuable in rising rate scenarios, while fixed-rate financial liabilities gain in value as interest rates rise and lose value as interest rates decline. The longer the duration of the financial instrument, the greater the impact a rate change will have on its value. In our economic value simulations, estimated prepayments are factored in for financial instruments with stated maturity dates, and decay rates for non-maturity deposits are projected based on historical patterns and Management’s best estimates. The table below shows estimated changes in the Company’s EVE as of March 31, 2018, under different interest rate scenarios relative to a base case of current interest rates:

The table shows that our EVE will generally deteriorate in declining rate scenarios, but should benefit from a parallel shift upward in the yield curve. While still negative relative to the base case we see a favorable swing in EVE as interest rates drop more than 200 basis points, while the rate of increase in EVE begins to taper off the higher interest rates rise. This is due to the relative durations of our fixed-rate assets and liabilities, combined with the optionality inherent in our balance sheet. We also run stress scenarios for the unconsolidated Bank’s EVE to simulate the possibility of higher loan prepayment rates, unfavorable changes in deposit rates, and higher deposit decay rates. Model results are highly sensitive to changes in assumed decay rates for non-maturity deposits, in particular, with material unfavorable variances occurring relative to the standard simulations shown above as decay rates are increased. Furthermore, while not as extreme as the variances produced by increasing non-maturity deposit decay rates, EVE also displays a relatively high level of sensitivity to unfavorable changes in deposit rate betas in higher rate scenarios.

The Company had total shareholders’ equity of $255.3 million at March 31, 2018, comprised of $111.6 million in common stock, $2.9 million in additional paid-in capital, $148.5 million in retained earnings, and an accumulated other comprehensive loss of $7.7 million. At the end of 2017, total shareholders’ equity was $255.9 million. The slight decline in shareholders’ equity for the first three months of 2018 is due to an increase in our accumulated other comprehensive loss which was partially offset by capital from stock options exercised and the addition of income, net of dividends paid. There were no share repurchases executed by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The Company uses a variety of measures to evaluate its capital adequacy, including risk-based capital and leverage ratios that are calculated separately for the Company and the Bank. Management reviews these capital measurements on a quarterly basis and takes appropriate action to help ensure that they meet or surpass established internal and external guidelines. As permitted by the regulators for financial institutions that are not deemed to be “advanced approaches” institutions, the Company has elected to opt out of the Basel III requirement to include accumulated other comprehensive income in risk-based capital. The following table sets forth the consolidated Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios as of the dates indicated.

Our risk-based capital ratios reflect increases for the first three months of 2018 since risk-based capital grew at a higher rate than risk-adjusted assets. Our capital ratios remain strong relative to the median for peer financial institutions, and are well above the threshold for the Company and the Bank to be classified as “well capitalized,” the highest rating of the categories defined under the Bank Holding Company Act and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991. We do not foresee any circumstances that would cause the Company or the Bank to be less than well capitalized, although no assurance can be given that this will not occur.

The information concerning quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk is included in Part I, Item 2 above. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Market Risk Management.”

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this report (the “Evaluation Date”) have concluded that as of the Evaluation Date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were adequate and effective to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries would be made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report was being prepared.

Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, and that such information is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC.

There were no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred in the first quarter of 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Company is involved in various legal proceedings in the normal course of business. In the opinion of Management, any liability resulting from such proceedings would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operation.

There were no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

In September of 2016 the Board authorized 500,000 shares of common stock for repurchase, subsequent to the completion of previous stock buyback plans. The authorization of shares for repurchase does not provide assurance that a specific quantity of shares will be repurchased, and the program may be suspended at any time at Management’s discretion. The Company did not repurchase any shares in the first quarter of 2018, and there were 478,954 authorized shares remaining available for repurchase at March 31, 2018. As of the date of this report, Management has no immediate plans to resume stock repurchase activity.

Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized:


California	33-0937517
(State of Incorporation)	(IRS Employer Identification No)

Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer:	☒
Non‑accelerated Filer:	☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller Reporting Company:	☐
Emerging Growth Company:	☐

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Net income	$	6,710		$	4,551
Other comprehensive income, before tax:
Unrealized (losses) gains on securities:
Unrealized holding (loss) gain arising during period		(7,592	)		1,410
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income ⁽¹⁾		—			(8	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax		(7,592	)		1,402
Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		2,245			(590	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(5,347	)		812

Comprehensive income	$	1,363		$	5,363

Amortized Cost And Estimated Fair Value
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	March 31, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
US Government agencies	$	20,173	$	15	$	(463	)	$	19,725
Mortgage-backed securities		412,457		536		(11,009	)		401,984
State and political subdivisions		141,851		1,287		(1,265	)		141,873
Total securities	$	574,481	$	1,838	$	(12,737	)	$	563,582

	December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
US Government agencies	$	21,524	$	70	$	(268	)	$	21,326
Mortgage-backed securities		399,203		816		(6,217	)		393,802
State and political subdivisions		140,909		2,673		(381	)		143,201
Total securities	$	561,636	$	3,559	$	(6,866	)	$	558,329

					Page
Part I - Financial Information					1
	Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)				1
		Consolidated Balance Sheets			1
		Consolidated Statements of Income			2
		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income			3
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			4
		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)			5

	Item 2. Management’s Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition & Results of Operations				29
		Forward-Looking Statements			29
		Critical Accounting Policies			29
		Overview of the Results of Operations and Financial Condition			29
		Earnings Performance			30
			Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin		31
			Provision for Loan and Lease Losses		34
			Non-Interest Income and Non-Interest Expense		35
			Provision for Income Taxes		37
		Balance Sheet Analysis			37
			Earning Assets		37
				Investments	37
				Loan and Lease Portfolio	38
				Nonperforming Assets	40
				Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses	41
				Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements	43
			Other Assets		43
			Deposits and Interest-Bearing Liabilities		44
				Deposits	44
				Other Interest-Bearing Liabilities	44
			Non-Interest Bearing Liabilities		45
		Liquidity and Market Risk Management			45
		Capital Resources			47

	Item 3. Qualitative & Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk				49

	Item 4. Controls and Procedures				49

Part II - Other Information					50
	Item 1. - Legal Proceedings				50
	Item 1A. - Risk Factors				50
	Item 2. - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds				50
	Item 3. - Defaults upon Senior Securities				50
	Item 4. - (Removed and Reserved)				50
	Item 5. - Other Information				50
	Item 6. - Exhibits				51

Signatures					52

	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Commitments to extend credit	$	686,472	$	691,712
Standby letters of credit	$	9,992	$	9,168

Fair Value Measurements - Recurring
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2018, using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Realized Gain/(Loss) (Level 3)
Securities:
US Government agencies	$	—	$	19,725	$	—	$	19,725	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities		—		401,984		—		401,984		—
State and political subdivisions		—		141,873		—		141,873		—

Total available-for-sale securities	$	—	$	563,582	$	—	$	563,582	$	—

Investment Portfolio - Unrealized Losses
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	March 31, 2018
	Less than twelve months					Twelve months or more
	Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
US Government agencies	$	(120	)	$	8,653	$	(343	)	$	8,935
Mortgage-backed securities		(4,854	)		210,808		(6,155	)		163,928
State and political subdivisions		(734	)		53,770		(531	)		11,536
Total	$	(5,708	)	$	273,231	$	(7,029	)	$	184,399

Investment Portfolio - Realized Gains/(Losses)
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Proceeds from sales, calls and maturities of securities available for sale	$	200	$	12,905
Gross gains on sales, calls and maturities of securities available for sale	$	—	$	43
Gross losses on sales, calls and maturities of securities available for sale		—		(35	)
Net gains on sale of securities available for sale	$	—	$	8

Estimated Fair Value of Contractual Maturities
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	March 31, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Maturing within one year	$	9,906	$	9,978
Maturing after one year through five years		223,672		219,895
Maturing after five years through ten years		50,882		50,715
Maturing after ten years		76,382		75,645

Securities not due at a single maturity date:
US Government agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations		213,639		207,349
	$	574,481	$	563,582

Revenue Bonds by Type
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	March 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Amortized		Fair Market		Amortized		Fair Market
Revenue bonds	Cost		Value		Cost		Value
Revenue source:
Water	$	6,412	$	6,397	$	5,160	$	5,230
Sales Tax		2,950		2,917		4,375		4,417
College & University		2,351		2,382		3,649		3,715
Lease		2,313		2,326		3,657		3,706
Local or GTD Housing		1,523		1,492		2,076		2,116
Other (13 sources)		7,200		7,227		5,351		5,408
Total Revenue Bonds	$	22,749	$	22,741	$	24,268	$	24,592

	Three months ended March 31, 2018
	Term Modification		Interest Only Modification		Rate & Term Modification		Total
Real Estate:
Other construction/land	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
1-4 family - closed-end		—		—		—		—
Equity lines		68		—		—		68
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—		—		—
Farmland		—		—		—		—
Total real estate loans		68		—		—		68
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—
Consumer loans		—		—		—		—
Total	$	68	$	—	$	—	$	68

	March 31, 2018
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value
Real estate secured	$	147	$	12
Commercial and industrial		—		—
Total purchased credit impaired loans	$	147	$	12

Investment Portfolio
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	March 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Amortized		Fair Market		Amortized		Fair Market
	Cost		Value		Cost		Value
Available for Sale
US Government agencies	$	20,173	$	19,725	$	21,524	$	21,326
Mortgage-backed securities		412,457		401,984		399,203		393,802
State and political subdivisions		141,851		141,873		140,909		143,201
Total securities	$	574,481	$	563,582	$	561,636	$	558,329

Deposit Distribution
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Non-interest bearing demand deposits	$	642,363		$	635,434
Interest bearing demand deposits		132,439			118,533
NOW		426,645			405,057
Savings		301,888			283,126
Money market		157,006			171,611
Time, under $250,000		173,345			175,336
Time, $250,000 or more		202,944			199,289
Total deposits	$	2,036,630		$	1,988,386

Percentage of Total Deposits
Non-interest bearing demand deposits		31.55	%		31.96	%
Interest bearing demand deposits		6.50	%		5.96	%
NOW		20.95	%		20.37	%
Savings		14.82	%		14.24	%
Money market		7.71	%		8.63	%
Time, under $250,000		8.51	%		8.82	%
Time, $250,000 or more		9.96	%		10.02	%
Total		100.00	%		100.00	%

	Immediate Change in Rate

	-300 bp	-200 bp	-100 bp	+100 bp	+200 bp	+300 bp	+400 bp
Change in Net Int. Inc. (in $000’s)	-$20,823	-$13,107	-$5,354	+$892	+$1,731	+$2,450	+$2,912
% Change	-22.25%	-14.00%	-5.72%	+0.95%	+1.85%	+2.62%	+3.11%

Regulatory Capital Ratios
	March 31,	December 31,	Minimum Requirement
	2018	2017	to be Well Capitalized
Sierra Bancorp
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	12.87%	12.84%	6.50%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-weighted Assets	14.80%	14.79%	8.00%
Total Capital to Risk-weighted Assets	15.32%	15.32%	10.00%
Tier 1 Capital to Adjusted Average Assets ("Leverage Ratio")	11.54%	11.32%	5.00%

Bank of the Sierra
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	14.67%	14.51%	6.50%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-weighted Assets	14.67%	14.51%	8.00%
Total Capital to Risk-weighted Assets	15.18%	15.04%	10.00%
Tier 1 Capital to Adjusted Average Assets ("Leverage Ratio")	11.43%	11.14%	5.00%

Exhibit #		Description
2.1		Agreement and Plan of Consolidation by and among Sierra Bancorp, Bank of the Sierra and Santa Clara Valley Bank, N.A., dated as of July 17, 2014 (1)
2.2		Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Merger, dated as of January 4, 2016 by and between Sierra Bancorp and Coast Bancorp (2)
2.3		Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Merger, dated as of April 24, 2017 by and between Sierra Bancorp and OCB Bancorp, as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto dated May 4, 2017 and Amendment No. 2 thereto dated June 6, 2017 (3)
3.1		Restated Articles of Incorporation of Sierra Bancorp (4)
3.2		Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company (5)
10.1		Salary Continuation Agreement for Kenneth R. Taylor (6)
10.2		Salary Continuation Agreement and Split Dollar Agreement for James F. Gardunio (7)
10.3		Split Dollar Agreement for Kenneth R. Taylor (8)
10.4		Director Retirement Agreement and Split dollar Agreement for Robert Fields (8)
10.5		Director Retirement Agreement and Split dollar Agreement for Gordon Woods (8)
10.6		Director Retirement Agreement and Split dollar Agreement for Morris Tharp (8)
10.7		Director Retirement Agreement and Split dollar Agreement for Albert Berra (8)
10.8		401 Plus Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan (8)
10.9		Indenture dated as of March 17, 2004 between U.S. Bank N.A., as Trustee, and Sierra Bancorp, as Issuer (9)
10.10		Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Sierra Statutory Trust II, dated as of March 17, 2004 (9)
10.11		Indenture dated as of June 15, 2006 between Wilmington Trust Co., as Trustee, and Sierra Bancorp, as Issuer (10)
10.12		Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Sierra Capital Trust III, dated as of June 15, 2006 (10)
10.13		2007 Stock Incentive Plan (11)
10.14		Sample Retirement Agreement Entered into with Each Non-Employee Director Effective January 1, 2007 (12)
10.15		Salary Continuation Agreement for Kevin J. McPhaill (12)
10.16		First Amendment to the Salary Continuation Agreement for Kenneth R. Taylor (12)
10.17		Second Amendment to the Salary Continuation Agreement for Kenneth R. Taylor (13)
10.18		First Amendment to the Salary Continuation Agreement for Kevin J. McPhaill (14)
10.19		Indenture dated as of September 20, 2007 between Wilmington Trust Co., as Trustee, and Coast Bancorp, as Issuer (15)
10.20		Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Coast Bancorp Statutory Trust II, dated as of September 20, 2007 (15)
10.21		First Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 8, 2016, between Wilmington Trust Co. as Trustee, Sierra Bancorp as the “Successor Company”, and Coast Bancorp (15)
10.22		2017 Stock Incentive Plan (16)
11		Statement of Computation of Per Share Earnings (17)
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Section 302 Certification)
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer (Section 302 Certification)
32		Certification of Periodic Financial Report (Section 906 Certification)
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

May 7, 2018		/s/ Kevin J. McPhaill
Date		SIERRA BANCORP
		Kevin J. McPhaill
		President & Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

May 7, 2018		/s/ Kenneth R. Taylor
Date		SIERRA BANCORP
		Kenneth R. Taylor
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Principal Accounting Officer)