XML 17 R47.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.3.a.u2
Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value Measurements  
Fair Value (Table)

December 31, 2019

Assets/

Amount

(liabilities)

measured at

Fair value hierarchy level

measured at

net asset

    

fair value

    

value (4)

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

   

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

U.S. government and agencies

$

1,724.2

$

$

1,320.0

$

404.2

$

Non-U.S. governments

 

996.2

 

1.4

 

994.8

 

States and political subdivisions

 

7,490.0

 

 

7,490.0

 

Corporate

 

40,647.4

 

18.5

 

40,547.2

 

81.7

Residential mortgage-backed securities

 

2,982.4

 

 

2,982.4

 

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

4,850.2

 

 

4,837.3

 

12.9

Collateralized debt obligations (1)

 

3,215.3

 

 

3,016.3

 

199.0

Other debt obligations

 

8,200.5

 

 

8,109.2

 

91.3

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale

 

70,106.2

 

1,339.9

 

68,381.4

 

384.9

Fixed maturities, trading

 

675.9

 

0.5

 

675.1

 

0.3

Equity securities

 

1,879.4

 

645.8

 

1,233.6

 

Derivative assets (2)

 

294.7

 

 

265.4

 

29.3

Other investments

 

796.0

78.3

 

335.2

 

343.5

 

39.0

Cash equivalents

 

1,299.0

 

40.9

 

1,258.1

 

Sub-total excluding separate account assets

 

75,051.2

78.3

 

2,362.3

 

72,157.1

 

453.5

Separate account assets

 

165,468.0

129.0

 

95,652.5

 

60,718.5

 

8,968.0

Total assets

$

240,519.2

$

207.3

$

98,014.8

$

132,875.6

$

9,421.5

Liabilities

Investment and universal life contracts (3)

$

(214.2)

$

$

$

$

(214.2)

Derivative liabilities (2)

(217.7)

(201.4)

(16.3)

Other liabilities (3)

 

(98.9)

 

 

(98.9)

 

Total liabilities

$

(530.8)

$

$

$

(300.3)

$

(230.5)

Net assets

$

239,988.4

$

207.3

$

98,014.8

$

132,575.3

$

9,191.0

14. Fair Value Measurements – (continued)

December 31, 2018

Assets/

Amount

(liabilities)

measured at

Fair value hierarchy level

measured at

net asset

    

fair value

    

value (4)

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

   

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

U.S. government and agencies

$

1,441.0

$

$

1,027.8

$

413.2

$

Non-U.S. governments

 

890.5

 

2.7

 

883.2

 

4.6

States and political subdivisions

 

6,225.7

 

 

6,225.7

 

Corporate

 

35,539.3

 

19.2

 

35,462.2

 

57.9

Residential mortgage-backed securities

 

2,460.6

 

 

2,460.6

 

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

3,945.6

 

 

3,936.1

 

9.5

Collateralized debt obligations (1)

 

2,420.8

 

 

2,412.5

 

8.3

Other debt obligations

 

7,185.0

 

 

7,126.5

 

58.5

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale

 

60,108.5

 

1,049.7

 

58,920.0

 

138.8

Fixed maturities, trading

 

636.1

 

 

636.1

 

Equity securities

 

1,843.7

 

661.2

 

1,182.5

 

Derivative assets (2)

 

194.0

 

 

175.4

 

18.6

Other investments

 

828.6

75.4

 

125.9

 

610.1

 

17.2

Cash equivalents

1,775.9

46.3

1,729.6

Sub-total excluding separate account assets

 

65,386.8

75.4

 

1,883.1

 

63,253.7

 

174.6

Separate account assets

 

144,987.9

124.6

 

79,572.0

 

56,675.8

 

8,615.5

Total assets

$

210,374.7

$

200.0

$

81,455.1

$

119,929.5

$

8,790.1

Liabilities

Investment and universal life contracts (3)

$

(45.2)

$

$

$

$

(45.2)

Derivative liabilities (2)

(157.1)

(141.6)

(15.5)

Other liabilities (3)

 

(91.5)

 

 

(91.5)

 

Total liabilities

$

(293.8)

$

$

$

(233.1)

$

(60.7)

Net assets

$

210,080.9

$

200.0

$

81,455.1

$

119,696.4

$

8,729.4

(1)Primarily consists of collateralized loan obligations backed by secured corporate loans.
(2)Within the consolidated statements of financial position, derivative assets are reported with other investments and derivative liabilities are reported with other liabilities. The amounts are presented gross in the tables above to reflect the presentation on the consolidated statements of financial position; however, are presented net for purposes of the rollforward in the Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements tables. Refer to Note 5, Derivative Financial Instruments, for further information on fair value by class of derivative instruments.
(3)Includes bifurcated embedded derivatives that are reported at net asset (liability) fair value within the same line item in the consolidated statements of financial position in which the host contract is reported.
(4)Certain investments are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. Other investments using the NAV practical expedient consist of certain fund interests that are restricted until maturity with unfunded commitments totaling $19.9 million and $32.0 million as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Separate account assets using the NAV practical expedient consist of hedge funds with varying investment strategies that also have a variety of redemption terms and conditions. We do not have unfunded commitments associated with these hedge funds.
Reconciliation for All Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Table)

For the year ended December 31, 2019

Total realized/unrealized

gains (losses)

Changes in

Beginning

unrealized

asset/

Net

Ending

gains (losses)

(liability)

purchases,

asset/

included in

balance

Included

Included in

sales,

(liability)

net income

as of

in net

other

issuances

Transfers

Transfers

balance as of

relating to

January 1,

income

comprehensive

and

into

out of

December 31, 

positions

   

2019

   

(1)

   

income (3)

   

settlements (4)

   

Level 3

   

Level 3

   

2019

   

still held (1)

   

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

Non-U.S. governments

$

4.6

$

$

$

(4.6)

$

$

$

$

Corporate

 

57.9

 

 

2.5

17.2

 

4.1

 

 

81.7

 

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

9.5

 

(3.8)

 

3.4

2.4

 

3.7

 

(2.3)

 

12.9

 

(2.9)

Collateralized debt obligations

 

8.3

 

(2.6)

 

0.9

122.5

 

69.9

 

 

199.0

 

(2.6)

Other debt obligations

 

58.5

 

 

0.8

100.0

 

8.3

 

(76.3)

 

91.3

 

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale

 

138.8

 

(6.4)

 

7.6

237.5

 

86.0

 

(78.6)

 

384.9

 

(5.5)

Fixed maturities, trading

0.3

0.3

Other investments

 

17.2

 

6.0

 

5.8

 

10.0

 

 

39.0

 

6.0

Separate account assets (2)

 

8,615.5

 

739.9

 

(214.2)

 

 

(173.2)

 

8,968.0

 

697.1

Liabilities

Investment and universal life contracts

 

(45.2)

 

(145.5)

 

(0.2)

(23.3)

 

 

 

(214.2)

 

(146.0)

Derivatives

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net derivative assets (liabilities)

 

3.1

 

(0.8)

 

10.7

 

 

13.0

 

5.3

For the year ended December 31, 2018

Total realized/unrealized

gains (losses)

Changes in

Beginning

unrealized

asset/

Ending

gains (losses)

(liability)

Net purchases,

asset/

included in

balance

Included in

sales,

(liability)

net income

as of

Included

other

issuances

Transfers

Transfers

balance as of

relating to

January 1,

in net

comprehensive

and

into

out of

December 31, 

positions

   

2018

   

income (1)

   

income (3)

   

settlements (4)

   

Level 3

   

Level 3

   

2018

   

still held (1)

   

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

Non-U.S. governments

$

7.4

$

$

(0.1)

$

(1.4)

$

$

(1.3)

$

4.6

$

Corporate

 

128.0

 

(1.0)

 

(0.1)

(15.2)

 

1.0

 

(54.8)

 

57.9

 

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

10.6

 

(3.5)

 

0.2

0.1

 

3.6

 

(1.5)

 

9.5

 

(1.9)

Collateralized debt obligations

 

125.0

 

(0.9)

 

0.2

66.3

 

54.7

 

(237.0)

 

8.3

 

(0.9)

Other debt obligations

 

2.3

 

 

(0.2)

147.4

 

 

(91.0)

 

58.5

 

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale

 

273.3

 

(5.4)

 

197.2

 

59.3

 

(385.6)

 

138.8

 

(2.8)

Fixed maturities, trading

 

 

 

3.7

 

 

(3.7)

 

 

Equity securities

 

2.7

 

12.9

 

(15.6)

 

 

 

 

Other investments

 

6.5

 

1.7

 

9.0

 

 

 

17.2

 

1.7

Separate account assets (2)

 

7,651.4

 

869.5

 

(0.3)

133.7

 

2.3

 

(41.1)

 

8,615.5

 

829.8

Liabilities

Investment and universal life contracts

 

(160.3)

 

107.5

 

0.1

7.5

 

 

 

(45.2)

 

109.9

Derivatives

Net derivative assets (liabilities)

18.1

(20.2)

5.2

3.1

(18.4)

14. Fair Value Measurements – (continued)

For the year ended December 31, 2017

Total realized/unrealized

gains (losses)

Changes in

Beginning

unrealized

asset/

Ending

gains (losses)

(liability)

Net purchases,

asset/

included in

balance

Included in

sales,

(liability)

net income

as of

Included

other

issuances

Transfers

Transfers

balance as of

relating to

January 1,

in net

comprehensive

and

into

out of

December 31, 

positions

   

2017

   

income (1)

   

income (3)

   

settlements (4)

   

Level 3

   

Level 3

   

2017

   

still held (1)

   

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

Non-U.S. governments

$

62.1

$

(0.2)

$

(0.3)

$

(19.0)

$

$

(35.2)

$

7.4

$

(0.3)

Corporate

 

259.1

 

(2.3)

 

3.5

(29.2)

 

22.2

 

(125.3)

 

128.0

 

(0.8)

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

71.1

 

(12.7)

 

11.1

(0.7)

 

26.3

 

(84.5)

 

10.6

 

(4.0)

Collateralized debt obligations

 

33.6

 

 

1.7

7.3

 

183.7

 

(101.3)

 

125.0

 

Other debt obligations

 

91.5

 

 

(0.2)

(0.8)

 

0.1

 

(88.3)

 

2.3

 

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale

 

517.4

 

(15.2)

 

15.8

(42.4)

 

232.3

 

(434.6)

 

273.3

 

(5.1)

Fixed maturities, trading

 

92.9

 

(2.4)

 

(92.4)

 

1.9

 

 

 

Equity securities, available-for-sale

 

2.7

 

 

 

 

 

2.7

 

Equity securities, trading

(0.7)

0.7

Other investments

 

36.9

 

3.9

 

(34.3)

 

 

 

6.5

 

3.8

Separate account assets (2)

 

7,354.8

 

798.1

 

(1.1)

(464.8)

 

3.1

 

(38.7)

 

7,651.4

 

696.0

Liabilities

Investment and universal life contracts

 

(176.5)

 

8.4

 

0.4

7.4

 

 

 

(160.3)

 

5.7

Other liabilities

 

(59.9)

 

(0.1)

 

60.0

 

 

 

 

Derivatives

Net derivative assets (liabilities)

11.3

3.1

3.7

18.1

4.9

(1)Both realized gains (losses) and mark-to-market unrealized gains (losses) are generally reported in net realized capital gains (losses) within the consolidated statements of operations. Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on certain securities with an investment objective to realize economic value through mark-to-market changes are reported in net investment income within the consolidated statements of operations.
(2)Gains and losses for separate account assets do not impact net income as the change in value of separate account assets is offset by a change in value of separate account liabilities. Foreign currency translation adjustments related to the Principal International segment separate account assets are recorded in AOCI and are offset by foreign currency translation adjustments of the corresponding separate account liabilities.
(3)Includes foreign currency translation adjustments related to our Principal International segment.
(4)Gross purchases, sales, issuances and settlements were:

14. Fair Value Measurements – (continued)

For the year ended December 31, 2019

Net purchases,

sales, issuances

    

Purchases

    

Sales

    

Issuances

    

Settlements

    

and settlements

   

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

Non-U.S. governments

$

$

$

$

(4.6)

$

(4.6)

Corporate

 

41.9

 

(1.4)

 

 

(23.3)

 

17.2

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

2.4

 

 

 

 

2.4

Collateralized debt obligations

 

124.7

 

 

 

(2.2)

 

122.5

Other debt obligations

 

107.7

 

 

 

(7.7)

 

100.0

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale

 

276.7

 

(1.4)

 

 

(37.8)

 

237.5

Fixed maturities, trading

0.5

(0.2)

0.3

Other investments

 

10.7

 

(4.9)

 

 

 

5.8

Separate account assets (5)

 

279.1

(526.4)

(280.4)

 

313.5

 

(214.2)

Liabilities

Investment and universal life contracts

 

 

 

(33.4)

 

10.1

 

(23.3)

Derivatives

Net derivative assets (liabilities)

1.9

 

8.8

 

 

 

10.7

For the year ended December 31, 2018

Net purchases,

sales, issuances

    

Purchases

    

Sales

    

Issuances

    

Settlements

    

and settlements

   

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

Non-U.S. governments

$

$

$

$

(1.4)

$

(1.4)

Corporate

 

12.9

 

(10.1)

 

 

(18.0)

 

(15.2)

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 

 

0.1

 

0.1

Collateralized debt obligations

 

93.6

 

 

 

(27.3)

 

66.3

Other debt obligations

 

152.0

 

 

 

(4.6)

 

147.4

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale

 

258.5

 

(10.1)

 

 

(51.2)

 

197.2

Fixed maturities, trading

3.7

 

 

3.7

Equity securities

 

 

(15.6)

 

 

 

(15.6)

Other investments

 

9.0

 

 

 

 

9.0

Separate account assets (5)

 

743.0

(608.4)

(206.5)

 

205.6

 

133.7

Liabilities

Investment and universal life contracts

 

 

 

2.8

 

4.7

 

7.5

Derivatives

Net derivative assets (liabilities)

1.8

 

3.4

 

 

 

5.2

14. Fair Value Measurements – (continued)

For the year ended December 31, 2017

Net purchases,

sales, issuances

   

Purchases

   

Sales

   

Issuances

   

Settlements

   

and settlements

   

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

Non-U.S. governments

$

67.4

$

(85.0)

$

$

(1.4)

$

(19.0)

Corporate

 

112.3

 

(89.4)

 

 

(52.1)

 

(29.2)

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 

 

(0.7)

 

(0.7)

Collateralized debt obligations

 

22.9

 

 

 

(15.6)

 

7.3

Other debt obligations

 

 

 

 

(0.8)

 

(0.8)

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale

 

202.6

 

(174.4)

 

 

(70.6)

 

(42.4)

Fixed maturities, trading

 

 

(92.4)

(92.4)

Equity securities, trading

(0.7)

(0.7)

Other investments

 

2.4

 

(36.7)

 

 

 

(34.3)

Separate account assets (5)

 

401.4

(651.4)

(284.6)

 

69.8

 

(464.8)

Liabilities

Investment and universal life contracts

 

 

 

(0.2)

 

7.6

 

7.4

Other liabilities

 

 

 

 

60.0

 

60.0

Derivatives

Net derivative assets (liabilities)

 

1.5

 

2.2

 

 

 

3.7

(5)

Issuances and settlements include amounts related to mortgage encumbrances associated with real estate in our separate accounts.

Transfers (Table)

For the year ended December 31, 2019

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

of Level 1 into

of Level 1 into

of Level 2 into

of Level 2 into

of Level 3 into

of Level 3 into

   

Level 2

   

Level 3

   

Level 1

   

Level 3

   

Level 1

   

Level 2

   

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

U.S. government and agencies

$

$

$

1.1

$

$

$

Corporate

4.1

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 

 

3.7

 

 

2.3

Collateralized debt obligations

 

69.9

Other debt obligations

 

8.3

76.3

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale

1.1

86.0

78.6

Other investments

10.0

Separate account assets

 

102.7

173.2

14. Fair Value Measurements – (continued)

For the year ended December 31, 2018

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

of Level 1 into

of Level 1 into

of Level 2 into

of Level 2 into

of Level 3 into

of Level 3 into

   

Level 2

   

Level 3

   

Level 1

   

Level 3

   

Level 1

   

Level 2

   

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

Non-U.S. governments

$

$

$

$

$

$

1.3

Corporate

1.0

54.8

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 

 

3.6

 

 

1.5

Collateralized debt obligations

 

54.7

237.0

Other debt obligations

 

91.0

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale

59.3

385.6

Fixed maturities, trading

 

3.7

Separate account assets

 

293.2

0.8

2.3

0.2

40.9

For the year ended December 31, 2017

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

Transfers out

of Level 1 into

of Level 1 into

of Level 2 into

of Level 2 into

of Level 3 into

of Level 3 into

   

Level 2

   

Level 3

   

Level 1

   

Level 3

   

Level 1

   

Level 2

   

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for- sale:

Non-U.S. governments

$

$

$

$

$

$

35.2

Corporate

 

 

 

 

22.2

 

 

125.3

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 

 

26.3

 

 

84.5

Collateralized debt obligations

183.7

101.3

Other debt obligations

 

 

 

 

0.1

 

 

88.3

Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale

232.3

434.6

Fixed maturities, trading

1.9

Equity securities, trading

0.7

Separate account assets

 

12.5

 

 

5.9

 

3.1

 

 

38.7

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Table)

December 31, 2019

    

Assets /

    

    

    

    

 

(liabilities)

measured at

Valuation

Unobservable

Input/range of

Weighted

fair value

technique(s)

input description

inputs

average

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

Corporate

$

72.5

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate (1)

1.9

%-

5.1

%

3.8

%

Illiquidity premium

0

basis points ("bps")-

410

bps

152

bps

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

2.4

Discounted cash flow

Probability of default

100.0

%

100.0

%

Potential loss severity

53.1

%

53.1

%

Collateralized debt obligations

108.7

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate (1)

2.9

%-

10.0

%

3.4

%

Potential loss severity

23.0

%

23.0

%

Probability of default

100.0

%

100.0

%

Other debt obligations

 

1.2

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate (1)

5.0

%

5.0

%

Illiquidity premium

500

bps

500

bps

Other investments

14.8

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate (1)

25.0

%-

30.0

%

27.5

%

Terminal earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization multiple

3.5

x-

4.5

x

4.0

x

Market comparables

Revenue multiples (2)

0.8

x-

7.0

x

4.1

x

Separate account assets

 

8,966.2

Discounted cash flow - mortgage loans

Discount rate (1)

2.8

%

2.8

%

Illiquidity premium

60

bps

60

bps

Credit spread rate

120

bps

120

bps

Discounted cash flow - real estate

Discount rate (1)

5.5

%-

11.8

%

6.7

%

Terminal capitalization rate

4.5

%-

9.3

%

5.7

%

Average market rent growth rate

2.0

%-

4.7

%

3.0

%

Discounted cash flow - real estate debt

Loan to value

8.0

%-

80.4

%

45.9

%

Market interest rate

3.2

%-

5.8

%

3.6

%

Liabilities

Investment and universal life contracts (6)

 

(214.2)

Discounted cash flow

Long duration interest rate

2.0

%-

2.1

%  (3)

Long-term equity market volatility

15.0

%-

26.9

%

Non-performance risk

0.2

%-

1.3

%

Utilization rate

See note (4)

Lapse rate

0.0

%-

18.0

%

Mortality rate

See note (5)

14. Fair Value Measurements – (continued)

December 31, 2018

    

Assets /

    

    

    

    

 

(liabilities)

 

measured at

Valuation

Unobservable

Input/range of

Weighted

fair value

technique(s)

input description

inputs

average

(in millions)

Assets

Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:

Non-U.S. governments

$

4.6

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate (1)

3.2

%

3.2

%

Illiquidity premium

50

bps

50

bps

Comparability adjustment

(25)

bps

(25)

bps

Corporate

 

25.4

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate (1)

3.3

%-

4.5

%

3.9

%

Illiquidity premium

0

bps-

60

bps

36

bps

Other debt obligations

 

1.7

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate (1)

5.0

%

5.0

%

Illiquidity premium

500

bps

500

bps

Separate account assets

 

8,440.8

Discounted cash flow - mortgage loans

Discount rate (1)

3.3

%-

4.7

%

4.2

%

Illiquidity premium

0

bps-

60

bps

56

bps

Credit spread rate

85

bps-

172

bps

168

bps

Discounted cash flow - real estate

Discount rate (1)

5.6

%-

11.5

%

6.7

%

Terminal capitalization rate

4.3

%-

9.3

%

5.8

%

Average market rent growth rate

2.0

%-

4.7

%

2.9

%

Discounted cash flow - real estate debt

Loan to value

11.0

%-

69.3

%

45.9

%

Market interest rate

3.9

%-

6.0

%

4.3

%

Liabilities

Investment and universal life contracts (6)

 

(45.2)

Discounted cash flow

Long duration interest rate

2.8

%-

2.9

%  (3)

Long-term equity market volatility

16.7

%-

27.8

%

Non-performance risk

0.6

%-

1.6

%

Utilization rate

See note (4)

Lapse rate

1.3

%-

16.0

%

Mortality rate

See note (5)

(1)Represents market comparable interest rate or an index adjusted rate used as the base rate in the discounted cash flow analysis prior to any illiquidity or other adjustments, where applicable.
(2)Revenue multiples are amounts used when we have determined market participants would use such multiples to value the investments.
(3)Represents the range of rate curves used in the valuation analysis that we have determined market participants would use when pricing the instrument. Derived from interpolation between various observable swap rates.
(4)This input factor is the number of contractholders taking withdrawals as well as the amount and timing of the withdrawals and a range does not provide a meaningful presentation.
(5)This input is based on an appropriate industry mortality table and a range does not provide a meaningful presentation.
(6)Includes bifurcated embedded derivatives that are reported at net asset (liability) fair value within the same line item in the consolidated statements of financial position in which the host contract is reported.
Fair Value Option (Table)

    

December 31, 2019

    

December 31, 2018

  

(in millions)

Commercial mortgage loans of consolidated VIEs (1) (2)

Fair value

$

$

6.4

Aggregate contractual principal

6.5

Real estate ventures (1)

Fair value

22.8

17.2

(1)Reported with other investments in the consolidated statements of financial position.
(2)None of the loans were more than 90 days past due or in non-accrual status.

14. Fair Value Measurements – (continued)

For the year ended December 31, 

    

2019

    

2018

    

2017

  

(in millions)

Commercial mortgage loans of consolidated VIEs

Change in fair value pre-tax gain (loss) (1) (2)

$

0.1

$

(0.2)

$

(0.4)

Interest income (3)

0.3

0.7

0.9

Obligations of consolidated VIEs

Change in fair value pre-tax loss - instrument specific credit risk (2) (4)

(0.1)

Change in fair value pre-tax loss (2)

(0.1)

Interest expense (5)

0.3

Real estate ventures

Change in fair value pre-tax gain (6)

6.0

1.7

3.8

Investment funds

Change in fair value pre-tax gain (6) (7)

1.7

Dividend income (6)

1.9

(1)None of the change in fair value related to instrument-specific credit risk.
(2)Reported in net realized capital gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations.
(3)Reported in net investment income on the consolidated statements of operations and recorded based on the effective interest rates as determined at the closing of the loan.
(4)Estimated based on credit spreads and quality ratings.
(5)Reported in operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.
(6)Reported in net investment income on the consolidated statements of operations.
(7)Absent the fair value election, the change in fair value on the investments would be reported in OCI.
Financial Instruments Not Reported at Fair Value (Table)

December 31, 2019

Fair value hierarchy level

    

Carrying amount

    

Fair value

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

   

(in millions)

 

Assets (liabilities)

Mortgage loans

$

16,486.9

$

17,214.7

$

$

$

17,214.7

Policy loans

 

798.0

 

1,030.8

 

 

 

1,030.8

Other investments

 

278.8

 

273.1

 

 

180.3

 

92.8

Cash and cash equivalents

 

1,216.9

 

1,216.9

 

1,193.3

 

23.6

 

Investment contracts

 

(33,922.2)

 

(34,001.3)

 

 

(4,304.5)

 

(29,696.8)

Short-term debt

 

(93.4)

 

(93.4)

 

 

(93.4)

 

Long-term debt

 

(3,734.1)

 

(4,122.9)

 

 

(4,015.3)

 

(107.6)

Separate account liabilities

 

(151,132.4)

 

(149,955.6)

 

 

 

(149,955.6)

Bank deposits (1)

 

(469.6)

 

(468.3)

 

 

(468.3)

 

Cash collateral payable

 

(156.8)

 

(156.8)

 

(156.8)

 

 

December 31, 2018

 

Fair value hierarchy level

 

    

Carrying amount

    

Fair value

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

   

(in millions)

 

Assets (liabilities)

Mortgage loans

$

15,336.9

$

15,383.6

$

$

$

15,383.6

Policy loans

 

801.4

 

965.5

 

 

 

965.5

Other investments

 

247.4

 

239.8

 

 

157.5

 

82.3

Cash and cash equivalents

 

1,201.6

 

1,201.6

 

1,148.6

 

53.0

 

Investment contracts

 

(32,572.1)

 

(31,428.2)

 

 

(4,085.7)

 

(27,342.5)

Short-term debt

 

(42.9)

 

(42.9)

 

 

(42.9)

 

Long-term debt

 

(3,259.6)

 

(3,257.1)

 

 

(3,129.3)

 

(127.8)

Separate account liabilities

 

(132,562.9)

 

(131,491.4)

 

 

 

(131,491.4)

Bank deposits (1)

 

(500.0)

 

(489.1)

 

 

(489.1)

 

Cash collateral payable

 

(79.5)

 

(79.5)

 

(79.5)

 

 

(1)   Excludes deposit liabilities without defined or contractual maturities.