Stock-Based Compensation Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2013

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

12.  Stock-Based Compensation Plans

As of September 30, 2013, we have the Amended and Restated 2010 Stock Incentive Plan, the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, the 2005 Directors Stock Plan, the Stock Incentive Plan, the Directors Stock Plan and the Long-Term Performance Plan (“Stock-Based Compensation Plans”). As of May 17, 2005, no new grants will be made under the Stock Incentive Plan, the Directors Stock Plan or the Long-Term Performance Plan. Under the terms of the Amended and Restated 2010 Stock Incentive Plan, grants may be nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options qualifying under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, performance units or other stock-based awards. The 2005 Directors Stock Plan provides for the grant of nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units or other stock-based awards to our nonemployee directors. To date, we have not granted any incentive stock options, restricted stock or performance units.

As of September 30, 2013, the maximum number of new shares of common stock that were available for grant under the Amended and Restated 2010 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2005 Directors Stock Plan was 6.5 million.

For awards with graded vesting, we use an accelerated expense attribution method. The compensation cost that was charged against income for stock-based awards granted under the Stock-Based Compensation Plans was as follows:

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2013		2012
	(in millions)
Compensation cost	$	33.9	$	40.3
Related income tax benefit	14.6		13.3
Capitalized as part of an asset	1.9		1.8

Nonqualified Stock Options

Nonqualified stock options were granted to certain employees under the Amended and Restated 2010 Stock Incentive Plan. Total options granted were 0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The fair value of these options was determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model assuming a weighted-average dividend yield of 3.0 percent, a weighted-average expected volatility of 53.3 percent, a weighted-average risk-free interest rate of 1.1 percent and a weighted-average expected term of 6.5 years. The weighted-average estimated fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, was $11.95 per share.

We previously determined expected volatility based on, among other factors, historical volatility using daily price observations. Beginning with nonqualified stock options granted in 2013, we determine expected volatility based on a combination of historical volatility using daily price observations and implied volatility from traded options on our common stock. We believe that incorporating both historical and implied volatility into our expected volatility assumption calculation better reflects market expectations.

As of September 30, 2013, there was $5.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average service period of approximately 1.4 years.

Performance Share Awards

Performance share awards were granted to certain employees under the Amended and Restated 2010 Stock Incentive Plan. Total performance share awards granted were 0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The performance share awards granted represent initial target awards and do not reflect potential increases or decreases resulting from the final performance results to be determined at the end of the performance period. The actual number of shares to be awarded at the end of each performance period will range between 0% and 150% of the initial target awards. The fair value of performance share awards is determined based on the closing stock price of our common shares on the grant date. The weighted-average grant date fair value of these performance share awards granted was $30.70 per common share.

As of September 30, 2013, there was $7.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested performance share awards granted. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average service period of approximately 1.4 years.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units were issued to certain employees and agents pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2010 Stock Incentive Plan and non-employee directors pursuant to the 2005 Directors Stock Plan. Total restricted stock units granted were 1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The fair value of restricted stock units is determined based on the closing stock price of our common shares on the grant date. The weighted-average grant date fair value of these restricted stock units granted was $30.99 per common share.

As of September 30, 2013, there was $44.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock unit awards granted. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.9 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, employees purchased 0.5 million shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The weighted average fair value of the discount on the stock purchased was $12.72 per share.

As of September 30, 2013, a total of 5.5 million of new shares are available to be made issuable by us for this plan.