Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2012

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

5.  Income Taxes

The effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, was lower than the U.S. corporate income tax rate of 35% (“U.S. statutory rate”) primarily due to income tax deductions allowed for corporate dividends received, the presentation of taxes on our share of earnings generated from equity method investments in net investment income and the interest exclusion from taxable income.

The effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, was lower than the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to income tax deductions allowed for corporate dividends received, the presentation of taxes on our share of earnings generated from equity method investments in net investment income and the inclusion of income attributable to noncontrolling interest in income before income taxes with no corresponding change in income taxes reported by us as the controlling interest.

We are a U.S. shareholder in various foreign entities classified as controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”) for U.S. tax purposes. U.S. shareholders of CFCs are generally required to take into account as gross income in the U.S. certain passive income earned by the CFCs (“Subpart F income”) even if the income is not currently distributed. A temporary exception (the “active financing exception”) was applicable for tax years beginning before January 1, 2012, to avoid the current recognition of Subpart F income derived in the active conduct of a banking, financing, insurance or similar business. The U.S. Congress and the President have yet to enact extenders legislation for 2012 as of June 30, 2012. Therefore, current tax expense has increased by an immaterial amount associated with the U.S. recognition of Subpart F income from our foreign operations. We will reverse any tax expense subject to the active financing exception during the quarter of enactment should extenders legislation be enacted during 2012, assuming the legislation is retroactive to January 1, 2012.

The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) has completed examination of our consolidated federal income tax returns for years prior to 2004. We are contesting certain issues and have filed suit in the Court of Federal Claims, requesting refunds for the years 1995-2003. We do not expect the litigation to be resolved within the next twelve months. The IRS also completed its examinations of tax years 2004 through 2005 and 2006 through 2008 resulting in receipt of notices of deficiency, which were paid in 2011. We filed claims for refund for 2004 and 2005 relating to disputed adjustments during the second quarter of 2012. The IRS commenced audit of our federal income tax return for 2009 and 2010 in 2011 and during the first quarter of 2012, respectively. We do not expect the results of these audits or developments in other tax areas for all open tax years to significantly change the possible increase in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits, but the outcome of tax reviews is uncertain and unforeseen results can occur.

The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa issued a decision in the case of Pritired 1, LLC (“Pritired”), and Principal Life Insurance Co. v. United States on September 30, 2011. The court ruled that the securities Pritired held should be characterized as debt, not equity, and thus Principal Life was not entitled to foreign tax credits for the years 2002 and 2003. Pritired and Principal Life are seeking clarification from the court but have not yet decided whether to appeal this ruling.